School: SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED SCHOOL Grade Level: TEN

Teacher: MA. CECILIA M. MARIN Learning Area: MATHEMATICS

Date: WEEK 6 Quarter: SECOND

Detailed Lesson Plan in Equation of a Circle (MATHEMATICS 10)

I.OBJECTIVES (Layunin)
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of
1. polynomial function
2. circles and coordinate geometry

B. Performance Standard
The learner is able
1. to conduct systematically a mathematical investigation involving polynomial functions in
different fields
2. to formulate and find solutions to challenging situations involving circles and other related
terms in different disciplines through appropriate and accurate representations
3. to formulate and solve problems involving geometric figures on the rectangular coordinate
plane with perseverance and accuracy

C. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)

1. Illustrates the center-radius form of the equation of a circle (M10GE-IIh-1)
2. Determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa (M10GE-IIh-2)
D. Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Illustrates the center-radius form of the equation of a circle
2. Determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation and vice versa

II. CONTENT(Nilalaman)
The Equation of a Circle

III. Learning Resources (KagamitangPanturo)

A. Reference
Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 10 pp 251 – 268
Mathematics for Grade 10 pp 94 – 97
E-Math pp 289 – 294
B. Other Learning Resources

IV.PROCEDURE (Pamamaraan)

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson (Balik-aral sa nakaraang aralin at/o
pagsisimula ng bagong aralin)

Hi Dear Students! How’s your day? This week we are discussing more about circles, but before that let us
have some recap about your lesson in Grade 8 which is the perfect square trinomial.

A perfect square trinomial is of the form: Factor: x2 + 12x + 36

a2 + 2ab + b2
Solution:
Does this fit the pattern of a perfect square
trinomial?
Yes. Both x2 and 36 are perfect squares, the square
root of x2 is x and the square root of 36 is 6, then,
12x is twice the product of x and 6.

Since all signs are positive, the pattern is (a +

b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2.
When we factor a perfect square trinomial, we will Let a = x and b = 6.
get
Answer: (x + 6)2 or (x + 6)(x + 6)
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
The perfect square trinomial can also be in the form:
a2 – 2ab + b2

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 In which case it will factor as follows:
a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 Finding the c Value to Make Perfect Square
Trinomials
Factor x2 + 8x + 16 a2 + 2ab + b2 c =?
a2 + 2ab + ____
2
Example: x  + 6x + c
Solution: remember: quadratic can be written as ax2 + bx + c
Does this fit the pattern of a perfect square trinomial? now a = 1, b= 6, c =?
Yes. Both x2 and 16 are perfect squares, the square Solution: Step 1: take b which is 6
root of x2 is x and the square root of 16 is 4, then, Step 2: divide it by 2 and squared it
8x is twice the product of x and 4.
() ()
2 2
b 6 2
= =( 3 ) =9
Since all signs are positive, the pattern is (a + 2 2
b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2. Therefore, the value of c is 9, and we have
Let a = x and b = 4. x2 + 6x + 9

Answer: (x + 4)2 or (x + 4)(x + 4)

Find the value of c and express it as a square of Find the value of c and express it as a square of
binomial: x2 - 14x + c binomial: w2 +9w + c
a = 1, b= 14, c =? a = 1, b= 9, c =?

¿() ( )
b 2 −14 2 ( )2
2
=
2
= −7 =49 ¿
2 () ()
b 2 9 2 81
=
2
=
4
=x2 - 14x + 49 81
w2 + 9w +
4
x2 and 49 are perfect square, their square roots are x
and 7, then -14x is twice the product of x and 7. 81
We have (x - 7)2  x2 and are perfect square, their square roots are
4
9 9
x and , then 9w is twice the product of x and .
2 2
9
We have (x + )2 
2
Activity 1: Find the value of c and express it as a Score Description
square of binomial
1. x2 + 4x + c 5 Excellent
2. t2 + 10t + c
3. r2 – 22r + c 4 Good
4. x2 – 11x + c
5. v2 + 7v + c 3 Fair
Now, check your work by turning to page 9 for the Turn to page 9 sec. J.1 and work on the
key to correction. How many correct answers did you 0-32
enrichment activities
get? Rate yourself using the table on the right. If your
score is at least 4 out of 6 you may proceed to the
next part of the discussion

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson (Paghahabi sa layunin ng aralin)

Quote to live by:

Imagine that the world is a circle, that God is the center, and that the radii are the
different ways human beings live. When those who wish to come closer to God walk
towards the center of the circle, they come closer to one another at the same time as
to God. The closer they come to God, the closer they come to one another. And the
closer they come to one another, the closer they come to God.-Dorotheus of Gaza

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson (Pag-uugnay ng mga halimbawa sa bagong

aralin)

The Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

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 The standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k) and a radius of units is (x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2 . The values
of h and k indicate that the circle is translated h units horizontally and k units vertically from the origin.

If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of the circle is x 2+ y 2=r 2

Example 1: The equation of a circle with the center at (2,7) and a radius of 6 units is ( x−2)2+( y −7)2=62 or
(x−2)2+( y −7)2=36
Example 2: The equation of a circle with the center at (-5,3) and a radius of 12 units is (x +5)2+( y−3)2=122
or (x +5)2+( y−3)2=144
Example 3: The equation of a circle with the center at (-4,-9) and a radius of 8 units is (x +4 )2 +( y +9)2=82 or
2 2
(x +4 ) +( y +9) =64
Example 5: The equation of a circle with the center at (-7,10) and a radius of 4 √3 units is is
2
( x +7) +( y−10) =(4 √3)
2 2 2
4 ∙¿ or (x +7)2+( y−10)2=48.
Example 5: The equation of a circle with the center at the origin and a radius of 4 units is x 2+ y 2=4 2 or
2 2
x + y =16
Example 6: The equation of a circle with the center at the origin and a radius of 15 units is x 2+ y 2=152 or
2 2
x + y =225.

Try this: write the standard equation of a circle with the center at (-5, 7) and a radius of 13 units. You
should get (x +5)2+( y−7)2=169 . If your answer is correct you may proceed to the next lesson but if your
answer is not correct go back to the example and try all over again.

Activity 2: Write the standard equation of the following circles give the center and the radius.

Center Radius Score Description

1 Origin 12 units
2 (2,6) 9 units 5 Very Good
3 (-7,2) 15 units
4 (-4,-5) 5 √ 2 units 4 Good
5 (10, -8) 3 √ 3 units
Now, check your work by turning to page 9 for the key to 3 Fair
correction. How many correct answers did you get? Rate Turn to page 9 sec. J.2 and work on
yourself using the table on the right. If your score is at 0-2
the enrichment activities
least 3 out of 5 you may proceed to the next part of the
discussion.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at
paglalahad ng bagong kasanayan #1

The General Equation of a Circle

The general equation of a circle is x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0 , where D, E, F are real numbers. This equation is
obtained by expanding the standard equation of a circle, ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 .

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 2
(x−h) +( y−k ) =r
2 2
( x 2−2 hx +h2 ) + ( y 2−2ky + k 2 )=r 2
2 2 2 2 2
x −2 hx+ h + y −2 ky +k =r
2 2 2 2 2
x + y −2 hx−2 ky +h +k =r
2 2 2 2 2
x + y −2 hx−2 ky +h +k −r =0
If D = -2h, E = -2k, and F = h2 + k2 – r2, the equation x 2+ y 2−2 hx−2 ky +h2 +k 2−r 2=0 becomes
2 2
x + y + Dx + Ey+ F=0 .

Example 1: Write the general equation of a circle with center C(4, -1) and a radius of 7 units. Then determine
the value of D, E, and F.

The center of the circle is at (h,k), where h = 4, k = -1,. Substitute these values in the standard form of the
equation of a circle together with the length of the radius r which is equal to 7 units.

( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 ( x−4 )2 + ( y +1 )2=72

Simplify: ( x−4 )2 + ( y +1 )2=72 expand ( x−4 )2 and ( y +1 )2 using the square of binomials
( x−4 )2 + ( y +1 )2=72 ( x−4 )2=¿ square the first term = x ∙ x ¿ x 2
twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term ¿ 2(−4 x)=−8 x
square the second term = −4 ∙−4=16
2 2
( x−4 ) =x −8 x +16
( y +1 )2=¿ square the first term = y ∙ y ¿ y 2
twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term ¿ 2( y )=2 y
square the second term = 1 ∙1=1
2 2
( y +1 ) = y +2 y+ 1
( x−4 )2 + ( y +1 )2=72 2 2
x −8 x +16+ y +2 y+1=49 arrange according to their degree
2 2
x + y −8 x+ 2 y +16+1=49 add 16 and 1, and subtract 49 both side
2 2
x + y −8 x+ 2 y +17−49=49−49 add 17 and -49
2 2
x + y −8 x+ 2 y −32=0 the general equation
D = -8, E = 2, F = - 32
Example 2: Write the general equation of a circle with center C(2, 4) and a radius of 6 units. Then determine
the value of D, E, and F.
( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =62
Simplify: ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =62 expand( x−2 )2 and ( y−4 )2 using the square of binomials
( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =62 ( x −2 )2=¿square the first term = x ∙ x ¿ x 2
twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term ¿ 2(−2 x)=−4 x
square the second term = −2 ∙−2=4
2 2
( x−2 ) =x −4 x +4
( y−4 )2 =¿square the first term = y ∙ y ¿ y 2
twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term ¿ 2 (−4 y ) =−8 y
square the second term = −4 ∙−4=16
2 2
( y−4 ) = y −8 x+ 16
2 2 2 2
( x−2 ) + ( y−4 ) =6 x −4 x+ 4+ y2 −8 y +16=36 arrange according to their degree
2 2
x + y −4 x −8 y+ 4 +16=36 add 4 and 16, and subtract 36 both side
2 2
x + y −4 x −8 y+ 20−36=36−36 add 20 and -36
2 2
x + y −4 x −8 y−16=0 the general equation
D = -4, E = -8, F = - 16

Example 2: Write the general equation of a circle with center C(7, 0) and a radius of 8 units. Then determine
the value of D, E, and F.
( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 ( x−7 )2 + y 2=82
Simplify: ( x−7 )2 + y 2=82 expand ( x−7 )2 using the square of binomials
( x−7 )2 + y 2=82 ( x−7 )2=¿square the first term = x ∙ x ¿ x 2
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 twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term ¿ 2(−7 x )=−14 x
square the second term = −7 ∙−7=49
( x−7 )2 =x2 −14 x+ 49
( x−7 )2 + y 2=82 2 2
x −14 x +49+ y =64 arrange according to their degree
2 2
x + y −14 x +49=64 subtract 64 both side
2 2
x + y −14 x +49−64=64−64 add 49 and -64
2 2
x + y −14 x−15=0 the general equation
D = -14, E = 0, F = - 15

Try this: write the general equation of a circle with the center at (-4, 9) and a radius of 12 units. You should get
x 2+ y 2+ 8 x −18 y −47=0. If your answer is correct you may proceed to the next lesson but if your answer is
not correct go back to the example and try all over again.
Activity 3: Write each equation of a circle in general form.
1. C(6,1), r = 9 units Score Description
2. C(8,-7) r = 15units
3. x 2+ ( y−5 )2=36 5 Very Good
4. ( x +2 )2+ y 2=100 4 Good
5. ( x +4 )2+ ( y+ 4 )2=81
3 Fair
Now, check your work by turning to page 9 for the key to Turn to page 9 sec. J.3 and work on
correction. How many correct answers did you get? Rate 0-2
the enrichment activities
yourself using the table on the right. If your score is at
least 3 out of 5 you may proceed to the next part of the
discussion.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at
paglalahad ng bagong kasanayan #2

Finding the center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation and graph it.
The center and the radius of a circle can be found given the equation. To do this, transform the given
equation to its standard form ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 if the center of the circle is (h,k), or x 2+ y 2=r 2if the center of
the circle is the origin.
Example 1: Find the center and the radius of the Example 2: Determine the center and the radius of
2 2
circle x + y =64. the circle ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =25.
Solution: The equation of the circle x 2+ y 2=64 has Solution: The equation of the circle
its center at the origin. Hence, it can be transformed ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =25 can be written in the form
2 2 2 2 2
to the form x + y =r x + y =64 ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2
2 2 2
x + y =8 . Therefore, the center of the circle is (0,0) ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =25 ( x−2 )2 + ( y−4 )2 =52.
and its radius is 8 units. Therefore, the center of the circle is (2,4) and its
To graph it we need to identify the center and radius. radius is 5 units.
Center (0, 0) radius = 8 and then, using a cartesian Center (2, 4) radius = 5 and then, using a cartesian
plane locate the center, draw the radius and use a plane locate the center, draw the radius and use a
compass to draw the circle. compass to draw the circle.
Pivot point of the compass on the center of the circle Pivot point of the compass on the center of the circle
and the marking point on the end of the radius. and the marking point on the end of the radius.

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 Example 3. Find the center and the radius of the circle
(x−10)2 +( y +6)2=12.
Solution: The equation of the circle (x−10)2 +( y +6)2=12 can be written
in the form ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2
(x−10)2 +( y +6)2=12 (x−10)2 +( y +6)2= √ 4 ∙ 3
(x−10)2 +( y +6)2=¿ Therefore, the center of the circle is
(10,-6) and its radius is 2 √ 3 units or 3.5 units.
Example 4: What is the center and the radius of the circle x 2+ y 2−6 x−10 y +18=0
Solution: The equation of the circle x 2+ y 2−6 x−10 y +18=0 is written in general form. To determine its center
and its radius, write the equation in the form ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 .

2 2 2 2
x + y −6 x−10 y +18=0 x −6 x + y −10 y=−18 group them according to their variables

2 2
x −6 x + y −10 y=−18
x 2−6 x y 2−10 y
Get the coefficient of x which Get the coefficient of x which
is 6, divide it by 2 and squared is 10, divide it by 2 and
6 2 10 2
it =3 =9 squared it =5 =25
2 2
Add 9 and 25 to both side of the equation
2 2
x −6 x +9+ y −10 y +25=−18+9+ 25
( x ¿¿ 2−6 x +9)+( y 2 −10 y+25)=16 ¿
x2 and 9 are perfect square, their y2 and 25 are perfect square, their
square roots are x and 3, then -6x is square roots are y and 5, then -10y is
twice the product of x and 3. twice the product of y and 5.
We have (x - 3)2  We have (y - 5)2 
2 2
(x−3) +¿ (x−3) +¿
Therefore, the center of the circle is (3,5) and its radius is 4 units.

6
Example 5: What is the center and the radius of the circle 4 x2 + 4 y 2 +12 x−4 y−90=0
2 2 2 2
4 x + 4 y +12 x−4 y−90=0 4 x + 4 y +12 x−4 y=90
Divide both side of the equation by 4.
2 2 4 x 2 +4 y 2+12 x−4 y 90 x 2+ y 2+3 x− y=
90
4 x + 4 y +12 x−4 y=90 =
4 4 4
2 2 90
x + 3 x + y − y=
4
2
x +3x y 2− y
Get the coefficient of x which Get the coefficient of x which
is 3, divide it by 2 and squared is 1, divide it by 2 and squared

()
2 2
3 3 9 1 1 1
it =( ) = it = =
2 2 4 2 2 4
9 1
Add and to both side of the equation
4 4
2 9 2 1 90 9 1
x + 3 x + + y − y+ = + +
4 4 4 4 4
2 9 1 100
( x + 3 x + ¿+( y ¿ ¿ 2− y + )= ¿
4 4 4
2 9 1
( x + 3 x + ¿+( y ¿ ¿ 2− y + )=25 ¿
4 4

9 1
x2 and are perfect square, their y2 and are perfect square, their
4 4
3 1
square roots are x and , then 3x is square roots are y and , then -y is
2 2
3 1
twice the product of x and . twice the product of y and .
2 2

2 2
3 3
(x + ) + ¿ (x + ) + ¿
2 2
−3 1
Therefore, the center of the circle is ( , ) and its radius is 5 units.
2 2

7
 Try this: Find the center and radius of a circle
x + y −12 x−44=0 . You should get C(6,0) r = 4 √5 . If your
2 2

answer is correct you may proceed to the next lesson but if your
answer is not correct go back to the example and try all over
again.

Activity 4: Find the center and radius of the given circle and Graph it.
1. x 2+ y 2=121
Score Description
2. ( x +9 )2 + ( y +6 )2=49
3. ( x−10 )2 + ( y +2 )2=18 5 Very Good
2 2
4. x + y −2 x −8 y−74=0
4 Good
5. 4 x2 + 4 y 2−20 x +12 y −2=0
Now, check your work by turning to page 9 for the key to 3 Fair
correction. How many correct answers did you get? Rate
yourself using the table on the right. If your score is at Turn to page 9 sec. J.4 and work on
0-2
least 3 out of 5 you may proceed to the next part of the the enrichment activities
discussion.

F. Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Activity 5
A. Write the standard equation of the following circles give the center and the radius.
1. C(0,0), radius= 2
2. C(7,-2), radius = 6
3. C(-2,3), radius = 2 √ 3
B. Write each equation of a circle in general form.
1. x 2+ ( y−7 )2=64
2. ( x +5 )2+ ( y−2 )2=121

C. Find the center and radius of the given circle & Graph it.
1. x 2+ y 2+ 8 y−84=0
2. x 2+ y 2+ 6 x −2 y −16=0 Score Description

8-10 Very Good

Now check your work by turning page 10 for the
key to correction. How many correct answers 7-9 Good
did you get? Rate yourself using the table on the
right to keep track on your progress. If you score 5-6 Fair
is at least 6 out of 11, you may proceed to the
next part of the Discussion. Turn to page 9 sec. J.5 and work on the
0-4 8
enrichment activities
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living (Paglalapat ng aralin sa pang-
araw-araw na buhay)

One prime example of a circle that can find in real life is a Ferris Wheel. All the
points along the outer rim of the wheel are equidistant from the center. The Lights on
this one can help you see that a little easier.

Another good example of circles are bicycle wheels, Circles are the best shape for a
bicycle because they roll very easily because they are round. The center point
would be the (h,k) in the equation and all the points along the outer edge could be
the (x,y) values. The radius could be represented by the bars supporting the wheel
that run from the center to the outer rim.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson (Paglalahat ng

aralin)

The Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

The standard equation of a circle with center at (h,k) and a radius of units is (x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2 . The values
of h and k indicate that the circle is translated h units horizontally and k units vertically from the origin.
If the center of the circle is at the origin, the equation of the circle is x 2+ y 2=r 2.

The General Equation of a Circle

The general equation of a circle is x 2+ y 2+ Dx + Ey+ F=0 , where D, E, F are real numbers. This equation is
obtained by expanding the standard equation of a circle, ( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2 .

I. Evaluating learning (Pagtataya ng aralin)

A. Write the standard equation of circle

1. radius = 9, Center ( -1,1) Equation: ____________________
2. radius = 3, Center ( -5,4) Equation: ____________________
3. radius = 4, Center ( 3,1) Equation: ____________________
4. radius = 6, Center (0,0) Equation: ____________________
5. radius = 3√ 5, Center ( 0,-9) Equation: ____________________
B. Write each equation of a circle in general form.
1. (x - 3)2 + ( y + 12)2 = 1
2. (x + 11)2 + ( y + 9)2 = 25
3. (x + 9)2 + ( y + 13)2 = 17
4. C(-5, -15), r = 2
5. C(-2, -14), r = 5
C. Find the center and radius of the given circle.
1. x 2+ y 2+14 x+12 y +76=0
2. x 2+ y 2−10 x+20 y +61=0
3. 9 x 2+ 9 y 2−12 x −6 y−31=0

J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Karagdaganggawain para sa takdang aralin at

remediation)

J.1 Find the value of c and express it as a square of binomial

1. x2 + 7x + c
2. t2 + 12t + c
J.2 Write the standard equation of circle
1. C(3,0), radius = 3
2. C(-5,-11), radius = 5 √ 3
J.3 Write each equation of a circle in general form.

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 1. (x - 5)2 + ( y + 9)2 = 81
2. (x + 9)2 + y 2 = 64
J.4 Find the center and radius of the given circle ang graph it.
1. x 2+ y 2+24 x+6 y+137=0
2. x 2+ y 2+2 x−24 y+120=0
J.5
A. Write the standard equation of the following circles give the center and the radius.
1. C(0,-7), radius= 11
2. C(9,0), radius = 14
B.Write each equation of a circle in general form.
1. C(-2,4), radius =4
2. ¿
C.Find the center and radius of the given circle and graph it.
1. x 2+ y 2+16 x +18 y +120=0
2. x 2+ y 2+24 x−20 y+ 180=0

Key to Correction
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3
1. 4 1. x 2+ y 2=144 1. x 2+ y 2−12 x−12 y−43=0
2. 25 2. (x−2)2+( y −6)2=81 2. x 2+ y 2−16 x+14 y−112=0
3. 121
3. (x +7)2+( y−2)2=225 3. x 2+ y 2−10 y−11=0
121
4. 4. (x +4 )2 +( y +5)2=50 4. x 2+ y 2+2 x−196=0
4
5. (x−10)2 +( y +8)2=27 5. x 2+ y 2+ 8 x +8 y−49=0
49
5.
9
Activity 4
1. Center: (0,0) r = 11 2. Center: (-9, -6) r=7 3. Center: (10, -2) r = 3 √ 2 or 4.2

5 3 38
4.Center: (1, 4) r = √ 91 or 9.5 5. Center: ( , ) r=
2 2 2

Activity 5:
A. B.
1. x 2 + y 2=4 1. x 2+ y 2−14 y−15=0
2. (x−7)2 +( y+ 2)2=36 2. . x 2+ y 2+10 x−4 y−92=0
3. (x +2)2 +( y−3)2=12

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C.1.Center: (0, -4) r = 2 √ 21 or 9.2 2. Center: (-3, 2) r=4

J.1 J.2 J.3

49 1. (x−3)2 + y 2=9 1. x 2+ y 2−10 x+18 y +25=0
1.
4 2. (x +5)2+( y +11)2 =75 2. x 2+ y 2+18 x +17=0
2. 36

J.4 1. Center: (-12,-3) r=4 2. Center: (-1, 12) r= 5

J.5
A. B.
1. x 2 +¿ ¿ 1. x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−8 y + 4=0
2. ( x−9)2 + y 2=196 2. . x 2+ y 2+12 x−16 y−44=0

C.1. Center: (-8, -9) r=5 2. Center: (-12, 10) r=8

Prepared by: (Inihanda ni) Noted: (Binigyan Pansin ni)

MA. CECILIA M. MARIN DAISY M. ARCIAGA

Name and Signature of Teacher Name and Signature of Observer
(Pangalan at Lagda ng Guro) (Pangalan at Lagda ng Nagmasid)

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