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BIO1061/L100/TR - Basic Biology and Lab: Course Introduction

BIOLOGY Introduction of life

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Anh Tú
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56 views

BIO1061/L100/TR - Basic Biology and Lab: Course Introduction

BIOLOGY Introduction of life

Uploaded by

Anh Tú
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIO1061/L100/TR – Basic Biology and Lab

Course introduction

▪ Course name: Basic Biology and Lab


▪ Course code: BIO1061

▪ Credit: 4

▪ Term: Fall 2021


▪ Location: University of Economics and Business/ online

▪ Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Do Thi Phuc


▪ Email: [email protected];
[email protected]

▪ Phone: 0946239592

Course introduction

▪ BIO1061 is an overview of biological principles, covering


structures and functions of major biological molecules and
the cells, principles of heredity and DNA, human biology, the
evolution of life, biodiversity of five kingdoms, principles of
ecology and human impacts on the ecosystem,
biotechnology and its application in many aspects of human
life.

▪ A laboratory course designed to provide students with a


hands-on opportunity to study major biological concepts,
including scientific methods, human biology, DNA and
heredity, and biodiversity.

•1
Course introduction

▪ Required textbook:

− Audesirk Teresa, Auderish Gerald, and Byers Bruce


(2017). Biology Life on Earth with Physiology. 11th ed.
Pearson.

▪ Reference textbooks:

− Simon Eric (2015). Biology: The Core. Pearson.

Student Assessment

▪ Attendance and participation 10%,


▪ Lab report 20%,
▪ Midterm Exam 20%,
▪ Final Exam 50%.

Grading scale
A+: 90-100 C: 55-64
A: 85-89 D+: 50-54
B+: 80-84 D: 40-49
B: 70-79 F: <40
C+: 65-69

Course content

▪ Topic 1. An introduction to Life on Earth and Biological


molecules
▪ Topic 2: The cell
▪ Topic 3: The cell (continuous)
▪ Topic 4: Patterns of inheritance
▪ Topic 5: DNA: the molecule of heredity
▪ Topic 6: Evolution
▪ Topic 7: Biodiversity
▪ Topic 8: Human body system
▪ Topic 9: Ecology
▪ Topic 10: Biotechnology

•2
Course content

▪ Lab 1: DNA and inheritance

▪ Lab 2: Human body system

▪ Lab 3: Biodiversity, biological museum tour

Chapter 1

An introduction to
Life on Earth

What Is Biology?

▪ Biology comes from the Greek roots


“bio” meaning “life” and “logy”
meaning “the study of.”
▪ Biology – the study of life

▪ Life arose more than 3.5 billion years


ago
▪ First organisms (living things) were
single celled
▪ Organisms changed over time
(evolved)

•3
What Is Biology?

▪ Today there are millions of


species
▪ They inhabit almost every
region of Earth today

10

What Is Life?

▪ Life – living organisms: share certain characteristics


▪ Acquire and use materials and energy
▪ Actively maintain organized complexity (made of cells)
▪ Perceive and respond to stimuli
▪ Grow

▪ Reproduce
▪ Have the capacity to evolve, collectively

11

Organisms acquire and use materials and energy

– Materials and energy are required for organisms to


maintain organization, to grow, and to reproduce

– Important materials (minerals, water, & other simple


chemical building blocks) are acquired from the air,
water, soil, and bodies of other living things

– Organisms use energy continuously to sustain


themselves

12

•4
Organisms acquire and use materials and energy
▪ Organisms obtain energy in two ways, coming directly or
indirectly from the sun
– Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some
single-celled organisms capture sunlight.
– Other organisms consume energy-rich molecules in the bodies
of other organisms.

13

Organisms actively maintain organized complexity

▪ Living things use energy on a


continuous basis to self-
sustain
– Cells pump chemicals in and
out for appropriate chemical
reactions to occur

– Organisms maintain relatively


constant internal conditions
or homeostasis. Example:
people keep constant body
temperature

14

Organisms perceive and respond to stimuli

▪ Organisms sense and respond to internal and external


environmental stimuli
– Sensory organs in animals can detect and respond to
external stimuli such as light, sound, chemicals, etc.
– Internal stimuli in animals are perceived by stretch,
temperature, pain, and chemical receptors

Example: Plants grow toward the


light.

15

•5
Organisms grow

▪ Every organism becomes larger over time


– Plants, birds, and mammals grow by producing more
cells to increase their mass

– Bacteria grow by enlarging their cells; they divide in


half to reproduce after genetic material is copied

▪ Growth involves the conversion of acquired materials


to molecules of the organism’s body

16

Organisms reproduce

– Organisms reproduce by dividing in half, producing


seeds, bearing live young, and laying eggs

– Organisms give rise to offspring of the same type


– The parent’s genetic material (DNA) is passed on to the
offspring, creating continuity of life

17

Organisms, collectively, have the capacity to evolve

– Evolution is the process by which modern


organisms descended, with modifications, from
preexisting forms of life
– Evolution provides an explanation for the
similarities found among different types of
organisms
▪ Chimpanzees and people have various
physical features in common. DNA of humans
differs from that of chimpanzees by less than 5%.
– Evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth
– Changes in DNA within populations occur over
generations, which results in evolution.

18

•6
Life can be
studied at
different levels

19

Life can be
studied at
different levels

20

Life can be
studied at
different levels

21

•7
The domain and kingdom of life

22

What is science?

▪ Science can be defined as the systematic


inquiry—through observation and experiment—
into all aspects of the physical universe.

23

What is science?

The scientific method is the basis for scientific inquiry:

− Observation
− Question

− Hypothesis

− Prediction
− Experiment

− Conclusion

24

•8
Scientific method

25

26

Why Study Biology?

▪ Important reasons for studying Biology:


Biology is relevant to our everyday experience
– Medical advances
– Addressing needs of growing human population
– Challenges of decreasing rate of biodiversity
– Biotechnology advances

27

•9
Why Study Biology?

▪ Don’t think of biology as just set of facts to


memorize, but rather as a pathway to a new
understanding of yourself and the life around you.

28

•10

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