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Lesson 4.2 - Heat Engines

The document summarizes key concepts about heat engines: 1) A heat engine transforms heat partly into mechanical energy, undergoing a cyclic process where heat is absorbed and released. 2) The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is the ratio of work output to heat input. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating efficiency, power output, fuel consumption, and using the human body as a heat engine to work off calories consumed.

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Cyrrha Fe Quesaba
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207 views

Lesson 4.2 - Heat Engines

The document summarizes key concepts about heat engines: 1) A heat engine transforms heat partly into mechanical energy, undergoing a cyclic process where heat is absorbed and released. 2) The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is the ratio of work output to heat input. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating efficiency, power output, fuel consumption, and using the human body as a heat engine to work off calories consumed.

Uploaded by

Cyrrha Fe Quesaba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Recall

first law of thermodynamics

U = Q − W
direction of thermodynamic
processes
Thermodynamics

Heat Engines
2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Jonathan P. Manigo, PhD


Joey Arles O. Vergara
Instructors
Heat Engine
any device that transforms heat partly into
mechanical energy (e.g. automobile engines)

simplest engine undergoes CYCLIC PROCESS


(steam turbine – water is used over and over)

U = 0
Q =W
WORKING SUBSTANCE
matter inside the engine that undergoes inflow
(absorbs) and outflow (releases) of heat

3
Heat Engine
net heat absorbed/released by the engine per cycle
Total Heat
Q = Q +Q H C INPUT
net work done by/on the engine per cycle =

W = Q = QH + QC Total Work
OUTPUT
THERMAL EFFICIENCY (cyclic process)

measure of how good an engine in converting heat


to work
W QC
e= = 1+
QH QH
4
Heat Engine

the human
body can be
treated as a
heat engine

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Example 1
Analyzing a Heat Engine
A gasoline engine in a large truck takes in 10,000J of heat and delivers
2000J of mechanical work per cycle. The heat is obtained by burning
gasoline with heat of combustion Lc=5.0x107 J/kg. (a) What is the
thermal efficiency of this engine? (b) How much heat is discarded per
cycle? (c) If the engine goes 25 cycles per second, what is its power
output (in watts and hp)? (d) How much gasoline is burned in each
cycle? (e) How much gasoline is burned per second? Per hour?
W 2,000 J
(a) e = = = 0.2 = 20%
QH 10,000 J

(b) W = QH + QC QC = W − QH = 2,000 J − 10,000 J = −8,000J

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Example 1
Analyzing a Heat Engine
A gasoline engine in a large truck takes in 10,000J of heat and delivers
2000J of mechanical work per cycle. The heat is obtained by burning
gasoline with heat of combustion Lc=5.0x107 J/kg. (a) What is the
thermal efficiency of this engine? (b) How much heat is discarded per
cycle? (c) If the engine goes 25 cycles per second, what is its power
output (in watts and hp)? (d) How much gasoline is burned in each
cycle? (e) How much gasoline is burned per second? Per hour?
W 1 1 s time for one
(c ) P = t = = cycles = 0.04
t f 25 s cycle cycle (period)
2, 000 J
=
0.04 s 1hp
P = 50,000W  = 67hp
746W
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Example 1
Analyzing a Heat Engine
A gasoline engine in a large truck takes in 10,000J of heat and delivers
2000J of mechanical work per cycle. The heat is obtained by burning
gasoline with heat of combustion Lc=5.0x107 J/kg. (a) What is the
thermal efficiency of this engine? (b) How much heat is discarded per
cycle? (c) If the engine goes 25 cycles per second, what is its power
output (in watts and hp)? (d) How much gasoline is burned in each
cycle? (e) How much gasoline is burned per second? Per hour?
QH 10, 000 J gasoline burned
(d ) QH = mLc m= = = 0.00020kg = 0.20 g
Lc 5 10 kg
7 J per cycle

m 0.20 g g 1kg 3600s kg


(e) = =5   = 18
t 0.04 s s 1,000 g 1h h

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Example 2
Working Off Your Dessert II
You propose to eat a 300-Calorie hot fudge sundae (w/
whipped cream) and then run up several flights of stairs to
work off the energy you have to take in. How high do you have
to climb? Assume that your mass is 60kg and the thermal
y
efficiency of your body is 20%.
QH = 300Cal = 300, 000cal = 1, 255,800 J
W mgy
e= =
QH QH
eQH ( 0.20 )(1, 255,800 J )
y= = = 427m ~ 142-storey building
mg (
( 60kg ) 9.8 sm2 )
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END OF LESSON

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