cc1685 lighting solutions 2010 technical index.

qxp:Layout 1 18/6/10 12:49 Page 560

Lighting Design Guide

Designing a basic lighting scheme requires the consideration of many After these criteria have all been considered, a lighting scheme
factors, not just the achievement of a desired lighting level. Basic calculation can be undertaken. The most popular method of
objectives must first be established, such as: establishing the quantity of luminaires required, the illumination level
achieved and the luminaire layout, is to use computer software
– What sort of tasks will be performed in the area? created specifically for lighting design. It is important to remember that
– What 'mood' needs to be created? all the criteria above must still be considered prior to using computer
– What type of lighting will create a comfortable environment? software, if a satisfactory scheme is to be produced. Details of the
Cooper Lighting Design System can be found on page 448.
There are also standards and legislation that need to be complied
with. For example: Lighting design can also be achieved using published photometric
data, such as that included on the product pages of this catalogue.
– How energy efficient must the lighting be? Average illumination via the lumen method of calculation can provide
– How will Building Regulations affect the design? fast results that can then be assessed and facilitate more detailed
– Is emergency lighting required? design of the most appropriate option if required.

When all of these objectives and requirements have been

established, they can be expressed as a series of lighting criteria Lumen Method Calculations
in order to facilitate a quality lighting design. Criteria that would This method uses the utilisation factor tables created from
normally be considered are: photometric measurement of each luminaire. Firstly, the Room Index
(K) of the space must be calculated, which is the relationship and
• Level of Illumination measure of the proportions of the room:
Illumination levels for a wide variety of environments and tasks
can be found in BS EN 12464-1: 2002 and the Society of K = LxW Where:
Light and Lighting's Code for Lighting. The levels stated are (L + W) x Hm L = length of room
maintained illuminance, which is the minimum average W = width of room
illumination level that should be achieved at the point of Hm = height of luminaire above
scheduled maintenance. working plane

• Uniformity & Ratios of Illuminance The result is used in conjunction with room reflectance values to
The combination of luminaires selected should evenly illuminate obtain a specific utilisation factor for the surface illuminated from the
the working plane and appropriately illuminate walls and tables.
ceiling in relation to the task illumination, so that a pleasant
and comfortable environment is achieved. In specific areas, This can then be used as part of the calculation to determine the
increased directional lighting may be required to create a average illuminance level, using the following formula:
defined or more intimate environment.
E = F x n x N x MF x UF Where:
• Glare A E = average illuminance
The acceptable level of glare should be established as F = initial lamp lumens
appropriate for the application, using information in n = number of lamps in
BS EN 12464 and the Code for Lighting. each luminaire
N = number of luminaires
• Colour & Room Reflectance MF = maintenance factor
The colour appearance of the lamps should be natural for UF = utilisation factor
the application and complement the interior colour scheme, A = area
which should be chosen with an appreciation of the reflectance
values that will be achieved. Lamps should be selected with The maintenance factor is a multiple of factors and is determined as
appropriate colour rendition properties, for colour discrimination follows
and reduction of eye fatigue.
MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
• Energy Efficiency
Luminaires should be selected that meet the requirements of the Where:
Building Regulations. The distribution characteristics should also LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor - the reduction in lumen
match the requirements of the criteria above. output after specific burning hours
LSF = lamp survival factor - the percentage of lamp failures
• Special Considerations after specific burning hours
Certain applications require additional considerations, LMF = luminaire maintenance factor - the reduction in light
such as the addition of display lighting, the arduous nature output due to dirt deposited on or in the luminaire
of the environment or the use of Display Screen Equipment. RSMF = room surface maintenance factor - the reduction in
Luminaires should be selected and the design completed with reflectance due to dirt deposition in the room surfaces
these elements in mind, where appropriate.
Guidance on calculating each of these factors is provided in the SLL
Code for Lighting. Alternatively, contact our Technical Support and
Application Department for advice.

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Finally, the luminaires must be spaced in the room such that acceptable uniformity is achieved. The maximum spacing to height ratio, SHRmax,
provides the maximum spacing permissible between luminaires in both transverse and axial directions, in comparison to the mounting height and
should not be exceeded if acceptable uniformity is to be achieved.

Using Photometric Data

This catalogue includes a number of different formats of photometric
data, to assist in lighting design.

Polar Intensity Curves Illuminance Cone Diagrams

This illustrates the distribution of luminous intensity, in cd/1000 lm, Usually used for spotlights or lamps with reflectors, the diagram
for the transverse (solid line) and axial (dashed line) planes of the indicates the maximum illuminance, Elux, at different distances,
luminaire. The curve provides a visual guide to the type of distribution plus the beam angle of the lamp over which the luminous intensity
expected from the luminaire eg, wide, narrow, direct, indirect etc, in drops to 50%. The beam diameter at 50% peak intensity, relative to
addition to intensity. distance away, is also shown.
Utilisation factors show the proportion of the luminous flux from the
lamp that reaches the working plan. This is for the specific luminaire
and allows for surface reflectivity and Room index. The UF is used in
average lumen calculations to calculate the average illumination level
for an area with a specific luminaire.

0
Cone Diagram
Emax Beam diameter
Cat. No. BAL224Z Utilisation factors / TM5 Coolstar Fixed
(50% peak intensity)
Reflectances Room Index 0 CSF50W
cd/1000lm 38
90° 90° C W F 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0
1m 1450 lx 0.69m dia 50W Dichroic
70 50 20 42 50 55 59 64 67 69 72 74
30 37 45 50 54 60 63 66 69 72 See page 560 for Design Guide
60° 60° 10 33 41 47 51 56 60 63 67 70
50 50 20 41 48 53 56 61 64 66 69 70
30 36 44 49 53 58 61 63 66 68 2m 363 lx 1.38m dia
300 10 33 40 46 49 55 58 61 64 67
30 50 20 39 46 51 54 58 61 63 65 67
30° 30° 30 35 43 48 51 56 59 61 64 65
10 32 40 45 48 53 56 59 62 64
3m 161 lx 2.07m dia
LOR: 0.72
ULOR: 0.04 0 0 0 30 37 42 46 50 53 55 58 60
DLOR: 0.68
BZ-class 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
SHR nom: 2.00
SHR max: 2.00 See page 560 for Design Guide

4m 91 lx 2.75m dia

Cartesian Diagrams Isolux Diagrams

Generally used for floodlights, this indicates the distribution of The contours provide the points of equal illuminance, in lux, on the
luminous intensity, in cd/1000 lm, for the horizontal (solid line) floor or wall plane, from a specific stated mounting position.
and vertical (dashed line) planes of the luminaire. The diagram The diagram can be used to assess the distribution characteristics
provides a visual guide to the type of distribution expected from of the luminaire in addition to determining lighting levels.
the luminaire eg,narrow or wide beam etc, in addition to intensity.
The associated data illustrates the beam angle to 10% peak intensity.

cd/1000lm
2000 20m 15m 10m 5m 0 5m 10m 15m 20m
Cartesian Diagram 30m
Floor Isolux
Focus
Darksky DKST250
FOC70CR 25m
1600 70W CDM-TD 1 250W SON-T
Glass inclined at 20°
20m Mounting height = 8m
See page 560 for Design Guide

800 5
15m See page 560 for Design Guide

10
10m
25
800
5m

400 0

5m

0
180° 135° 90° 45° 0 45° 90° 135° 180° 10m

Useful Website Addresses

www.cibse.org - The Society of Light and Lighting
www.bsi-global.com- British Standards

Technical 561