SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author: Leslie Ann N. Verdeflor, Gener P. Magcalas, Eriwell R. Hipolito

Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer and Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout Artist: Catherine M. Tiamzon

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Quarter 4 Week 3
 Title Card
Lesson 1: Momentum

Guide Card
Introduction
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the magnetic force. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond to the textbook you are
now using. In this module, you will learn how to Relate impulse and momentum to
collision of objects. S9FEIVb-36

Learning Objectives:
1. Define and identify impulse, momentum and collisions.
2. Investigate factors would affect changes in momentum.
3. Solve problem by applying the equations learned on impulse, momentum and
collisions.
4. Differentiate the two types of collision
5. Explain how momentum is conserved in a system through solving problems
regarding Law of Conservation of Momentum.

Pre-Test: What I Know

General Directions:
Do not write anything in this module. All the answers on your activities should be
written in your Science notebook. Don’t hesitate to ask help from your parents or your
older siblings if needed.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The impulse experienced by a body is equal to the change in its:
A. velocity C. momentum
B. kinetic energy D. potential energy
2. What is the SI unit of impulse?
A. N/m C. N.s
B. N/m2 D. Kg.m
3. 1. The equation for impulse is_______
A. I=Ft C. I= mF
B. I= mT D. I= mRT

1
4. What is true about impulse and momentum?
A. Impulse deals with velocity while momentum deals with change in velocity.
B. Impulse is a mass times velocity while momentum is force times time.
C. Momentum is the mass of the substance multiplied by the velocity while
impulse is a change in momentum.
D. Momentum and impulse are unrelated to each other.
5. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually
breaks, while one dropped on the grass usually doesn’t break. This is because for the
egg dropped on the grass:
A. The change in momentum is greater.
B. The change in momentum is less.
C. The time interval for stopping is greater.
D. The time interval for stopping is less.

Direction: Write true if the statement about impulse is correct or false if it is not.
________6. Impulse is a vector quantity.
________7. Objects involved in collisions encounter impulses.
________8. An object which is travelling east would experience westward directed
impulse in collision.
________9. Newton is the unit for impulse.
________10. An object which experience a net impulse will definitely experience a
momentum change.

What makes things move? Why do some objects move continuously and while
some moving objects stop suddenly? These might be some of the questions you had in
mind.
Momentum is commonly used term in sport. A team that has a momentum is on
the move and is going to take same effort to stop. A team that of momentum is really on
the move and is going to be hard to stop. In Physics, momentum refers to the quantity of
motion that an object has. If an object is in motion (on the move) then it has a
momentum.
Momentum, product of the mass of a particle and its velocity. Momentum is a
vector quantity; i.e., it has both magnitude and direction. Isaac Newton's second law of
motion states that the time rate of change of momentum is equal to the force acting on the
particle.
Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass; so, if an
object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion. The amount of
momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variables: how much stuff is moving
and how fast the stuff is moving. Momentum depends upon the variables mass and
velocity. In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the
object times the velocity of the object.

Momentum = mass • velocity

In physics, the symbol for the quantity momentum is the lower-case p.
the above equation can be rewritten as
p=m•v

2
 m = the mass
v = the velocity.
The equation illustrates that momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass
and directly proportional to the object's velocity.
The units for momentum would be mass units’ times velocity units. The standard
metric unit of momentum is the kg•m/s. While the kg•m/s is the standard metric unit of
momentum, there are a variety of other units that are acceptable (though not
conventional) units of momentum. Examples include kg•mi/hr, kg•km/hr, and g•cm/s. In
each of these examples, a mass unit is multiplied by a velocity unit to provide a
momentum unit. This is consistent with the equation for momentum.

Activity Card

What’s New
Activity: Investigating Momentum
Objective: Identify the factors that affect momentum
Materials Needed:
Board or plank (at least 1.0 m long)
Books
Block of wood
Masking tape
Protractor Ruler / meter stick
toy car and truck, one at least twice as heavy as the other
Procedure:
1. Place 5 books on top of a table and position the plane board at an angle of about 30
degrees from the horizontal.
2. Using masking tape and marker, label distances of every 10 cm starting from the lower
portion of the inclined plane up to the other edge of the inclined plane.
3. Place the block of wood about 10 cm from the foot of the inclined plane. Label this as
the block’s initial position.
4. At first position the small toy car at the 20-cm mark and record the time it takes for the
toy car to move down the inclined plane and hit the block of wood, then to 40 cm. 60
cm. 80cm. 100cm.

3
5. Measure how far the block moved. Record this as the stopping distance. Table:
Stopping Distance and Time of the Toy Cars
Initial Distance(cm) Stopping Distance(cm) of Stopping Distance(cm) of
Small toy car Big toy car
20
40
60
80
100
6. Afterwards, using the bigger toy vehicle, position it at the 20-cm mark and record the
time it takes for the toy car to move down the inclined plane and hit the block of
wood, then to 40 cm. 60 cm. 80cm. 100cm. Record your data in the table.
Guide Questions:
1. Which has a greater stopping distance, the small toy car or the big toy car?
2. If momentum is a measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object, which of the
two vehicles had a greater momentum?
Discussion: What Is It
Directions: Read and analyze the following situations and answer the questions.
Write your answers in your notebook or answer sheets.

Situation 1:
Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 10,000 kilograms travelling at a velocity of
40 kilometers per hour and a small car with a mass of 2,000 kilograms travelling at the
same velocity. If the 2 vehicles suddenly lose their breaks and crash against the brick
wall.

Questions:
1. Which do you think would be more damaging? The cargo truck or the small car?
Answer: ________________________________________________________________
2. On what factors would the impact of collision depend if their velocities are the same?
Answer: ________________________________________________________________

Situation 2:

1. Which of the two vehicles is more difficult to stop? The lighter one or the heavier
one?
Answer: ________________________________________________________________
2.Which of the two vehicles has more momentum? (lighter one or heavier one)
Answer: ________________________________________________________________

Situation 3:

Truck A Truck B
4
 Consider 2 identical trucks which are travelling. Truck A is travelling 80km/h and
Truck B is travelling 30 km/h?
1.Which between the two trucks is more difficult to stop? (truck a or truck b)
Answer: ________________________________________________________________
2.Which of the two trucks has more momentum? (truck a or truck b)
Answer: ________________________________________________________________

From the situations given, we can say that there are two factors that affects
MOMENTUM, and these are:
1. MASS of an object as seen in situation 1 and
2. VELOCITY which is projected in situation 2.

The bigger the mass, the greater the momentum. the faster the velocity the greater
the momentum. Operationally, momentum is defined as the product of mass and the
velocity of an object.
In equation: p = mv
where:
p = is the momentum
m = is the mass
v = is the velocity
Example:
A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its
momentum?
Given: mass (m): 4.0kg
velocity (v): 2.5m/s
momentum (p):
Required: momentum (p)
Formula: p= mv
Solution: p= (4.0 kg.) * (2.5m/s.)
Answer: p = 10 kg. m/s

If you are looking for the mass this equation can be used: m-p
v
and for velocity: v-p
m

Do you still remember Newton’s First Law of Motion? It is also known as the Law
of Inertia. An object’s momentum is also known as inertia in motion. For objects moving
at the same velocity, a more massive object has a greater inertia in motion therefore a
greater momentum. Since momentum depends on two factors, mass and velocity. Two
cars of the same mass but different velocities will also have different momentum.

5
 Enrichment Card
Part I. Direction: Answer the following problems by applying the equation learned from
the discussion.
1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg. is rolling at a rate of 2.5m/s. What is the
momentum of a bowling ball?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0m/s with a momentum of 6.0 kg. m/s.
What is the mass of the skateboard?
3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 5.0 kg. and a momentum of 10 kg. m/s.
What it is velocity?
Part II. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. How do you calculate momentum?
A. m=mv C. m= p
B. p=mv D. p= pv
2. What is the unit for momentum?
A. kg m/s C. m/s
B. m/s2 D. Joule
3. What are the two factors does momentum depend on?
A. mass and velocity C. speed and weight
B. velocity and acceleration D. gravity and force
4. Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, moves down a hill at the same time. The
heavier car would have a ________ momentum.
A. less C. equal
B. same D. twice
5. Which has more momentum, a huge car that is not moving or a small cart that is
moving?
A. Huge car that is not moving C. Both has the same momentum
B. A small cart that is moving D. None of the above

Reflection Card
What I Can Do
Directions: Practice computing momentum by doing the exercises below. Given the
following data, solve the momentum using the formula: p=mv.
Object Mass (kg) Velocity ( m/s ) Momentum
(kg.-m/s)
Bird 0.03 18
Baseball player 100 5
Bullet 0.004 600
Baseball 0.14 30
Frog 0.9 12

6
 Title Card
Lesson 2: Impulse

Guide Card
Any moving object can have momentum. Any object with momentum is going to
be hard to stop. To stop such an object, it is necessary to apply a force against its motion
for a given period of time. The more momentum that an object has, the harder that it is to
stop.
Thus, it would require a greater amount of force or a longer amount of time or both
to bring such an object to a halt. As the force acts upon the object for a given amount of
time, the object's velocity is changed; and hence, the object's momentum is changed. This
change in momentum is called impulse.
Impulse is a term that quantifies the overall effect of a force acting over time. It is
conventionally given the symbol J, and expressed in Newton-seconds.
For a constant force, J= F • Δ t
This is exactly equivalent to a change in momentum Δp. This equivalence is known
as the impulse-momentum theorem. Because of the impulse-momentum theorem, we can
make a direct connection between how a force acts on an object over time and the motion
of the object.
Impulse is important and useful is that in the real world, forces are often not
constant. Forces due to things like people and engines tend to build up from zero over
time and may vary depending on many factors.
When we calculate impulse, we are multiplying force by time. This is equivalent to
finding the area under a force-time curve. This is useful because the area can just as
easily be found for a complicated shape—variable force—as for a simple rectangle—
constant force. It is only the overall net impulse that matters for understanding the motion
of an object following an impulse. Working out the overall effect of all these forces
directly would be quite difficult.

Review: What’s In
Direction: Study the following scenarios answer the following questions.

1. Which of the two vehicles is more difficult to stop? The lighter one or the heavier one?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
2. Which of the two vehicles has more momentum? (refer to number 1)
Answer: _______________________________________________________________

7
 Truck A Truck B
3. Consider 2 identical trucks which are travelling. Truck A is travelling 90km/h and
Truck B is travelling 20 km/h. Which between the 2 trucks is more difficult to stop?
(Truck A or Truck B)
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
4. Which of the two vehicles has more momentum?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
5. From the above equation, what 2 factors affect momentum?
Answer: a. _________ b.____________

Activity Card
What’s New
Activity: Egg Catching
Objective: Determine the effect of impact time on impact force of a moving object.
Materials Needed: 2 raw egg
clear plastic bag where an egg can be inserted separately
big handkerchief or bandana
Procedure:
1. Place the raw egg inside the clear plastic bag and tie it securely. This is needed to
prevent the egg contents from splattering in case the egg breaks.
2. The two opposing teams must be at least 2 meters away from each other. The objective
of the game is to have the eggs travel back and forth from each team to the other
without breaking the egg.
3. The players are only allowed to throw the egg in a curved path.
4. The players are not allowed to use their hands in throwing and catching the egg.
Instead, they will use a cloth or handkerchief.
5. The players toss coin to determine who goes first.
6. The pair who fails to catch the egg, and/or breaks it, is considered out of the game.
7. The players may increase their distance by 1 meter between them. 8. The pair who is
able to catch and throw the greatest number of eggs without breaking would be
declared as the winner.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What happened to the egg when it hit the ground?
Q2. What about when it falls on the handkerchief?
Q3. Which material protects the egg from breaking?
Q4. Was the handkerchief lengthening the TIME OF IMPACT and LESSEN THE
IMPACT FORCE?
Q5. If a different material was used to catch the egg, say, a piece of wood, will the egg
break or will it not?

8
Given the choices: Answer the table base on the result of your activity.
Surface Contact Time Observation on Egg Force
Type

Ground 1.(longer or shorter ) 3.(Break or did not break) 5.( Larger or smaller)

Handkerchief 2.(longer or shorter) 4.(Break or did not break) 6.(Larger or smaller)

Direction: Use your answer sheet of notebook for your drawings for this activity.
Draw an egg Draw an egg
hitting a brick wall hitting a handkerchief or a cloth

Questions:
Q1. Which between the two breaks immediately and splattered?
(the egg that hits the wall or the handkerchief/blanket)
Q2. Which between the two lengthen the time of impact? The wall or the handkerchief?
Q3. How does the time of impact affect the force of impact of a moving object? To
answer this, just fill in the blank below.
If the egg thrown on a piece of cloth, the time of impact will be ________due to the
cushioning effect of the piece of cloth, therefore, it will _______the impact force.
(increase, less, same)

Discussion: What Is It
Impulse
The egg is a naturally-fragile material. However, the choice of material may
prevent the egg from breaking by increasing the time of impact, therefore lessening the
impact force. If one throws an egg directly to a wall it will definitely break. This is
because when the egg’s motion is abruptly stopped, its momentum suddenly changes.
However, if it is thrown on a piece of cloth, the time of impact will be increased due to
the cushioning effect of the piece of cloth, therefore, it will lessen the impact force.
The contact time on impact is affected by the hardness of surface. The harder the
surface, the shorter the contact time on impact. When contact time is shortest, the force of
impact is larger.
In physics, an external force acting on an object over a specific time leads to a
change in momentum of the object. A special name is given to the product of the force
applied and the time interval during which it acts: IMPULSE.
Impulse = force x time
Formula: I=Ft
The symbol for impulse is I, F for force, T for time
SI unit for impulse is newton second (Ns)
SI unit for momentum is kilogram meter per second (kg m/s)
These units of impulse and momentum are equivalent Ns= (kg m/s)
9
 Do you still remember Newton’s Second Law of Motion? It states that the net force is
directly proportional to the mass of a body and its acceleration. The product of the net
force and the time interval over which the force is applied is called impulse. An impulse
produces change in momentum.

Sample Problem:
A 50 N force is applied to a 1000kg boulder for 3 seconds. The impulse of this force is:
Given: force=50N time= 3 s
Required: I
Formula: I=Ft
Solution: I= (50N) (3s)
Answer: 150N.s

Enrichment Card
Activity 1
Use Impulse =Force x Time

Problem 1:
1. A football player kicks a ball with a force of 50n, find the impulse
on the ball if his foot stays in contact with the football for 0.01 s?

Given: force=__________
time= __________________
Required: ______________
Formula: ______________
Solution: I= ___________
Answer: _______________

Problem 2:
2. A hockey player applies an average force of 80n to a 0.25 g. hockey
puck for 0.2s. Determine the impulse experience by the hockey puck.

Given: force=__________
time= __________________
Required: ______________
Formula: ______________
Solution: I= ___________
Answer: _______________

10
Activity 2
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The equation for impulse is_______
A. I=Ft C. I=mF
B. I= mT D. I=mRT
2. What is the SI unit of impulse?
A. N/m C. N.s
B. N/m2 D. Kg.m
3. Change in momentum of an object is equal to the_______
A. Internal Energy C. Impulse
B. Entropy D. Enthalpy
4. When contact time is shorter, the force of impact is:
A. smaller C. same
B. bigger D. cannot be determined
5. What is true about impulse and momentum?
A. Impulse deals with velocity while momentum deals with change in velocity.
B. Impulse is a mass times velocity while momentum is force times time.
C. Momentum is the mass of the substance multiplied by the velocity while impulse is
a change in momentum.
D. Momentum and impulse are unrelated to each other.
6. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually
breaks, while one dropped on the grass usually doesn’t break. This is because for the
egg dropped on the grass:
A. The change in momentum is greater.
B. The change in momentum is less.
C. The time interval for stopping is greater.
D. The time interval for stopping is less.
7. Impulse is what kind of quantity?
A. vector C. time
B. scalar D. Force
8. If the halfback experienced a force of 800N for 0.9 seconds to the North, determine the
impulse.
A. 0 N s C. 3.0 N s
B. 1.5 N s D. 6.0 Ns
9. A lady tennis player hits an approaching ball with a force of 750 N If she hits the ball
in 0.002 s, how much impulse is imparted to the tennis ball?
A. 720 N s C. 3.5 N s
B. 7.5 N s D. 10.0 Ns
10. The following are safety devices installed on vehicles to ensure the safety of the
passengers EXCEPT:
A. side mirror C. air bag
B. seat belt D. music box

11
 Title Card
Lesson 3: Collision and Conservation of Momentum

Guide Card
Introduction
Have you already experienced playing a billiard game, or have you seen one
playing? What do you notice on the motion of the other ball when hit by the first ball? If
you answer that the first ball moves the other ball, then you`re correct. Do you know that
the scientific term for that is Collision? But what is collision? What are the types of
collision? What happen to the momentum before and after collision?
You have learned that Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of an object
(p=mv). That if there are no external forces acting on the system, momentum is
conserved. (pbefore= pafter). How about when there is a collision, what will happen to
the momentum in the system?!

Pre-Test: What I Know

Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the number of alphabets to complete the
word being described.
1.) 3- 15 -12 -12 -9-19 -9- 15 -14 - _____________________________
An encounter between two objects resulting in exchange of impulse and momentum
2.) 5-12-1-19- 20-9-3 3- 15 -12 -12 -9-19 -9- 15 -14
______________________ _________________________
Type of collision in which the total kinetic energy does not change and colliding objects
bounce off after collision
3.) 9-14-5-12-1-19-20-9-3 3- 15 -12 -12 -9-19 -9- 15 -14
______________________ _________________________
Type of collision where objects stick together and the total kinetic energy of the system
changes
4.) 11-9-14-5-20-9-3 5-14-5-18-7-25 -____________________ __________________
The energy that is conserved in elastic collision but not in inelastic collision
5.) 13-15-13-5-14-20-21-13 - ______________________
This is conserved in any type of collision

12
Review: What’s In
Grandma (mass = 80kg) skates along at 6 m/s before picking up her grandson who
has a mass of 40kg. Determine the velocity of both Grandma and her grandson after she
picks him up.

Where:
m1- mass of the first object
m2- mass of the second object
v1- velocity of the first object
v2- velocity of the second object

(m1 v1 ) + (m2 v2 ) = (m1 v1 ) +(m1 v1 )

(80kgs x 6 m/s ) + (40 kg x 0 m/s) = v ( 80 kgs +40 kg )
(480 kg m/s) = v (120 kg)
v = (480 kg m/s) = 4 m/s
120 kg

Direction: Complete the tables for the before and after collision. Use the sample above
and apply the formula in computing for the momentum.

Momentum before collision Momentum after collision

Object Mass( Velocity Momentum( Object Mass( Velocity Momentum(

kg) ( m/s) kg m/s) kg) ( m/s) kg m/s)
A 80 6 A 80 4
B 40 0 B 40 4

Discussion: What Is It
Collision is an encounter between two objects resulting in exchange of momentum
and impulse
There are two types of collision. The first one is Elastic Collision in which both
Momentum and Kinetic energy are conserved in the system and colliding objects bounce
off after collision.
Elastic Collision

13
 The second one is Inelastic Collision in which the objects stick together. Only
Momentum is conserved and the total Kinetic energy changes (converted to some forms
of energy like heat and sound) in the system.
Inelastic Collision

The Newton's cradle is a device that demonstrates the conservation of momentum

and the conservation of energy with swinging spheres. When a ball on one end of the
cradle is pulled away from the others and then released, it strikes the next ball in the
cradle, which remains motionless. But the ball on the opposite end of the row is thrown
into the air, then swings back to strike the other balls, starting the chain reaction again in
reverse. The first ball loses momentum while the second ball gains momentum equal to
that of the first ball`s momentum.

Activity Card
Part I. Directions: Get your Science notebook and write MOMENTUM if the statement
is correct and MOMENT if it is incorrect.
__________1. Momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
__________2. Momentum is an scalar quantity
__________3. A small toy cart that is moving has greater momentum compared to a big
truck that is not moving.
__________4. A 25 kg girl riding a 5kg bicycle with a velocity of 5 m/s has a momentum
of 150 kg m/s.
__________5. A system is a group of objects that interact and affect each other.

For number 6, write the letter of the correct answer.

__________6. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of
a system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change.
B. No net external force acts on the system.
C. The system must be at rest.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.

For numbers 7-10,

14
 Consider the situation and answer the questions that follows. Two ice skaters push
off and travel directly away from each other. The boy with a velocity of 1.5 m/s and a
mass of 75 kg.
7. What is the momentum of the boy after push off? ____________________
8. What is the velocity of the 50 kg girl after push off? ____________________
9. What is the total momentum of the system before push off? ____________________
10. What is the total momentum of the system after push off? ____________________

Part II. Directions: Solve the problem and answer the questions. Write your answer on
your Science notebook
Consider the ice to be frictionless. Two ice skaters stand together. They push off
and travel directly away from each other, the boy with a velocity of +0.50 m/s and the
girl with a velocity of -0.65 m/s if the mass of the boy is 60 kg.
A. What is the momentum of the system before push off?
B. What is the girl`s mass?
C. What is the momentum of the boy after push off?
D. What is the momentum of the girl after push off?
E. What is the combined momentum of the boy-girl system after push off?
F. Is the momentum of the system before push off equal to the momentum of the
system after push off?
G. How will you state Law of Conservation of Momentum in your own words?

Part III. Direction: Answer the following questions based on the knowledge you have
gain in this material on your Science notebook.
1. How does the swinging pendulum relate to the Law of Conservation of momentum?
2. On what other situation can the Law of Conservation of momentum be applied?

Enrichment Card
Part I. Directions: Study and solve the given sample problem on Collision. Use a
calculator in solving the problem and You may ask help from your family member. Enjoy
Learning!
A. Elastic Collision
Two billiard balls having masses of 0.2 kg and 0.15kg approach each other. The first ball
having a velocity of 2m/s hit the second ball which is at rest. What will be the velocity of
the first ball if the second ball travels at 1.5 m/s after collision?
B. Inelastic Collision
A toy car with a mass of 1.5 kg moves at 20 m/s collides with a 2.25 kg toy car with a
velocity of 10 m/s. What is the combined velocities of the two cars after collision?
Momentum is conserved!
For colliding objects: The Law of conservation of Momentum states that `` In the
absence of an external forces (gravity, friction), the total momentum before the collision
is equal to the momentum after the collision.
Total momentum before collision= total momentum after collision p1+p2
before=p1+p2after
m1v1+m2v2before= m1v2+m2v2after (Elastic Collision)
m1v1+m2v2before= (m1+m2)v after (Inelastic Collision)

Part II. Directions: Answer the following problem.

1. A 3000-kg truck moving with a velocity of 10 m/s hits a 1000-kg parked car. The
impact causes the 1000-kg car to be set in motion at 15 m/s. Assuming that momentum is
15
conserved during the collision, determine the velocity of the truck immediately after the
collision.
2. A 0.30 kg cart moves on an air track at 1.2 m/s. It collides with and sticks to another
cart of mass 0.50 kg which at rest before collision. What is the velocity of the combined
cart after collision? What is the momentum of the cart before and after collision?
3. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly
elastic collision, what would be their velocities after collision?

What is a system (as used in Physics)?

A system is a collection of objects that affect one another. It is a group of objects
that interact and affect each other. Like the bowling ball and pin, the crashing cars, the
two ice skaters and the two-football player shown in your first activity.
What condition is needed for momentum to be conserved?
You have learned that an external force is required to make an object accelerate.
Similarly, if we want to change the momentum of an object, an external force is required.
So therefore, there will be NO CHANGE in momentum if there is NO EXTERNAL
FORCE applied in the system like friction. Taking the situation of the two ice skaters,
Newton`s Third law of Motion tells us that the force that the girl exerts on the boy and
the force that makes the girl move to the other direction are of EQUAL magnitude but of
OPPOSITE directions. NO net, unbalanced external force acts on the boy-girl system,
thus, the total momentum of the system does NOT CHANGE. Remember that
momentum, like velocity and force , is of vector quantity. The momentum gained by the
girl is of equal magnitude but opposite direction to the momentum gained by the boy in
the system. In this system, no momentum is gained or lost. We say that momentum is
conserved.

What does the Law of Conservation of Momentum state?

The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that ``When two or more bodies
acts upon each other their total momentum remains constant provided no external forces
are acting on the system.
The Law could also be stated as: In the absence of unbalanced external force acting
on the system, the linear momentum of the system is conserved.
Total Initial Momentum= Total Final Momentum (pinitial=pfinal) OR
Momentum before Interaction= Momentum after Interaction (pbefore=pafter)
m1v1+m2v2 before=m1v1+m2v2 after
The system is at rest, therefore:
0=m1v1+m2v2
Deriving the formula: v2= - m1v1/m2
m2 = - m1v1/v2
In the case of balloon-air system, the total momentum at the start is zero because it
is not moving. When we let the air inside the balloon out, we noticed that the balloon
moved. The force that caused the balloon to move came from the air that was pushed out

of it. There was no external force involved. Thus, the total momentum of the system was
conserved and remained zero. If the balloon had its momentum in one direction, the air
must have an equal and opposite momentum for the total momentum to remain zero.

16
 Let’s take the case of the two ice skaters: After push off, the boy with a 75 kg mass
has a velocity of 1.5 m/s. What is the velocity of the girl with a mass of 50 kg after push
off?
The momentum at the system before push is zero because they are at rest (not
moving). After push off, the boy`s momentum is 112.5 kg m/s. And of the girl is -112.5
kg m/s for having a velocity of -2.25 kg m/s. Negative (-) indicates that the motion is of
opposite direction. If we will be going to add the momentum of the system after push off,
112.5 kg m/s + -112.5 kg m/ s. The system`s momentum after push off is zero equal to
that of the momentum before push off.

Reflection Card
What I Have Learned
On your notebook, complete the sentence regarding your thoughts on our lesson.

I like about this topic….

I love this topic because……

The things I find easy on this topic is/are …

I am sad on this topic because…...

I am confuse on….

I can apply the knowledge on…

Assessment Card
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Science notebook.
1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
A. bowling ball and pin C. water
17
 B. two football playing fighting for the ball D. colliding cars
2. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
A. Kinetic energy must not change.
B. No net external force acts on the system.
C. The system must be at rest.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.

For Number 3-7 Consider the situation: Two ice skaters push off and travel
directly away from each other. The boy with a velocity of 2 m/s and a mass of 50 kg.
3. What is the momentum of the boy and girl before push off?
A. 0 C. 50 kg m/s
B. 25 kg m/s D. 100 kg m/s
4. What is the momentum of the boy after push off?
A. 0 C. 100 kg m/s
B. - 0 kg m/s D. - 100 kg m/s
5. What is the velocity of the 40 kg girl after push off?
A. 2 m/s C. - 2 m/s
B. .5 m/s D. - 2.5 m/s
6.What is the momentum of the girl after push off?
A. 0 kg m/s C. 100 kg m/s
B. 0 kg m/s D. - 100 kg m/s
7.What is the momentum of the boy and girl after push off?
A. 0 C. 50 kg m/s
B. 25 kg m/s D. 100 kg m/s

8.According to the Law of Conservation of Momentum, In the absence of

external(outside) forces, Momentum always changes in the system. The statement
is ________.
A. False C. True
B. Certain D. Undetermined
9. Someone throws a heavy ball to you when you are standing on a roller skates.
You catch it and roll backwards. How does your velocity compare to the velocity
of the ball and why?
A. Lesser velocity because you have lesser mass than the ball
B. Lesser velocity because you have more mass than the ball
C. Higher velocity because you have lesser mass than the ball
D. Higher velocity because you have more mass than the ball
10. A thief finds himself holding a bag of gold and standing in the middle of a
large pond of frictionless ice. How can he get to the side before he freezes and
why?
A. Hold the bag because momentum will increase
B. Hold the bag because momentum will decrease
C. Throw the bag so that he can move in the same direction
D. Throw the bag so that he can move in the opposite direction

18
 Reference Card
➢ K to 12 Grade 9 Learner’s Material in Science
➢ NFE Accreditation and Equivalency Learning Material Philippines Non-Formal Education
Project
➢ Science Learner`s Module 9 p. 268-270
➢ You and the Natural world series, Physics Textbook, Phoenix Publishing House p. 115-118
➢ Science and Technology IV, Physics textbook. Rabago et. Al p. 115-118
➢ Science 9 Learners Module page 264-268
➢ Science and Technology IV, Physics by Rabago et. Al, SD Publishing Inc., page113-115
➢ On-line site
➢ The Physics of Volleyball. Retrieved from: http://www.real-world-physics-
problems.com/physics-of-volleyball.html
➢ Determining Momentum and Energy Loss of Balls Colliding Against Different Surfaces.
Retrieved from: http://mypages.iit.edu/~smile/ph8709.html
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/reviews/Momentum-and-Collisions/Momentum-and-
➢ https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=impulse-momentum-quiz-under-mr-
➢ https://www.sanfoundry.com/fluid-mechanics-questions-answers-impulse-momentum-equ
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-1/Momentum-and-Impulse-C
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-1/Real-World-Applications
➢ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/linear-momentum/momentum-tutorial/a/what-a
➢ https://physics.info/momentum/summary.shtml
➢ Understanding Car Crashes: Its Basic Physics. Retrieved from:
➢ http://web.cvcaroyals.org/~rheckathorn/documents/physicsofcarcrashesteachersguide.pd
➢ K to 12 Grade 9 Learner’s Material in Science
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.cfm
➢ https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-physics-1/ap-linear-momentum/introduction
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQ1UMHXyFrM
➢ https://www.shutterstock.com/search/teacher+teaching
➢ https://www.shutterstock.com/search/student+thinking
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.cfm
➢ https://www.britannica.com/science/momentum
➢ http://www.physics4kids.com/files/motion_moment.html
➢ https://physics.info/momentum/
➢ https://www.momentumcommunity.org/
➢ https://emojipedia.org/thumbs-up/
➢ https://emojipedia.org/search/?q=thumbs+up
➢ google.com/search/conservation of momentum
➢ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-2/Momentum-Conservation-
Principle
➢ https://www.varsitytutors.com/ap_physics_b-help/newtonian-mechanics/momentun

19
 20
What I Know
1. Collision 2. Elastic Collision 3. Inelastic Collision 4. Kinetic Energy 5. Momentum
What’s In
The momentum before and after collision are equal/same
Lesson 3
Enrichment Card Activity 2 Enrichment Card Activity 1 What’s New
Problem 1 Guide Questions
1.A Given: F= 50N 1. The egg breaks
2.C T= 0.01 s 2. The egg did not break
3.C Required: I 3. Handkerchief
Formula: I= Ft 4. Yes
4.B
Solution: (50N) (0.015 s) 5. It will Break
5.C Answer: 0.5Ns
6.C Problem 2
7.A Given: F= 80N
8.B T= 0.02 s
9.A Required: I Follow up questions
10.D Formula: I= Ft Q1. Egg that hits the wall
Solution: (80N) (0.2 s) Q2. Handkerchief
Answer: 16Ns Q3. Increase, lessen
Lesson 2
Enrichment Card What Is It What I Know
Part I. SITUATION I
No 1. Cargo truck 1. C
0.54 kg m/s Mass 2. C
500kg m/s SITUATION 2 3. A
2.4 kg m/s heavier one 4. C
4.2 kg m/s heavier one 5. C
10.8 kg m/s SITUATION 3 6. True
No 2. truck a 7. True
Small toy cart truck a 8. FALSE - an object which is
Twice traveling east could encounter a
Greater/more/higher What’s New collision from the side, from
No 3. Guide Questions: behind (by a faster-moving
1. 10 kg m/s 1. Big toy car object) or from the front.
2. 18.0 kg m/s 2. Big toy car 9. FALSE N•s.
3. 5 kg m/s What I Can Do 10. True
1. 0.54 kg m/s 2. 500kg m/s
Part II. 3. 2.4 kg m/s 4. 4.2 kg m/s
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5.B 5. 10.8 kg m/s
Lesson 1
Answer Card
➢
 21
Assessment
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. D
Enrichment Card Enrichment Card
Part II. Part I.
1. v=m1v1+m2v2-m2v2/m1 A. Elastic Collision
=3,000kg ( 10 m/s) + 1,000 kg (0)- 1,000kg ( 15 v1=m1v1+m2v2-m2v2 /m1
m/s)/3,000 kg =0.2kg(2m/s)+0.15kg(0)-0.15kg(1.5m/s)
=5m/s 0.2kg
2. v= m1v1 +m2v2/m1+m2) =0.4kg m/s+0-0.225kg m/s /0.2kg
=0.30 kg ( 1.2 m/s) + .5 kg (0 m/s)/ 0.30kg+0.50 kg = 0.175kg m/s / 0.2kg
=0.45 m/s = 0.875 m/s
Momentum before Collision: m1v1+m2v2 =0.30 kg (
1.2 m/s) + .5 kg (0 m/s B. Inelastic Collision
= 0.36 kg m/s v= m1v1 + m2v2/ m1 +m2
Momentum after Collision: m1v1+m2v2= 0.30 kg =1.5 kg (20 m/s) + 22.25 kg ( 10 m/s)/ 1.5kg + 2.25kg
+0.50 kg ( 0.45 m/s) = 14 m/s
= 0.36 kg m/s
3.Same magnitude with opposite direction
Activity Card Activity Card Activity Card
Part III Part II Part I.
1. The momentum of the A. 0 1. Moment
B. m2= m1v1/v2 (since the
second ball is equal to the 2. Momentum
system is at rest)
momentum of the first ball. = 60kg(+0.50 m/s)/- 3. Momentum
0.65 m/s
The loss in momentum of 4. Momentum
= 46 kg
the first ball is the gain in C. 30 kg m/s 5. Momentum
D. -30 kg m/s
momentum of the second 6. B
E. 0
ball. F. Yes 7. +112. 5 kg m/s
G. Answers may vary like:
2. Answer may vary like: 8. - 112.5 kg m/s
Momentum does not
Colliding objects (Crashing change. Momentum before 9. 0
and after push off are equal.
Cars) firing a bullet 10. 0
The total momentum of the
system is always zero
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