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N386, Learning Task No.4.1

1. The document provides examples of determining the truth value of propositions and whether sentences are propositions. 2. Examples are given of determining the truth value of specific propositions involving sets and integers, and constructing a truth table. 3. The validity of an argument involving propositions about triangle sides and angles is evaluated using a truth table, and determined to be a fallacy.

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Cristina Roche
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88 views2 pages

N386, Learning Task No.4.1

1. The document provides examples of determining the truth value of propositions and whether sentences are propositions. 2. Examples are given of determining the truth value of specific propositions involving sets and integers, and constructing a truth table. 3. The validity of an argument involving propositions about triangle sides and angles is evaluated using a truth table, and determined to be a fallacy.

Uploaded by

Cristina Roche
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tuesday, 1:30 – 3:30 PM

Learning Task for Lesson No.4.1


1. Determine which of the given sentences is a proposition. For each
proposition, determine its truth value.
a. 0 divided by 0 is 1. = Proposition, False
b. Are we there yet? = Not proposition
c. Turn off the light when no one is using it. = Not proposition
d. There are three primary colors. = Proposition, True

2. Determine the truth value of the following propositions and provide reasons
for your answer.
1
a. ∀x in the set of real numbers, is a real number.
x
1
- False, since 0 is also a real number and when x = 0 in , it is math error.
X
b. Ǝx in the set of integers for which 2 x−3=−3.
- True, since there exists an integer 0 for 2(0) – 3 to be equal to -3.

3. Construct a truth table of the following propositions and determine whether it


is a tautlogy, a contradiction, or neither.
a. ( p →q ) V ( q → p )

p q p →q q→ p ( p →q ) V ( q → p )
T T T T T
T F F T T
F T T F T
F F T T T

The truth values in the last column are all true; this shows that ( p →q ) V ( q → p ) is
a tautology.
a. ( p Λ p ) Λ q
p q p pΛ p ( p Λ p) Λq
T T F F F
T F F F F
F T T F F
F F T T T
The truth values in the last column are not all true; this shows that
( p →q ) V ( q → p ) is neither a tautology or contradiction.
4. Show that p →q ≡ q → p .
p q q p p →q q→ p
T T F F T T
T F T F F F
F T F T T T
F F T T T T
It can be seen that the fifth and sixth columns have identical truth values. Hence,
p →q ≡ q → p .

5. Determine the validity of the following argument:


If two sides of a triangle are equal, then the angles opposite to these sides are
equal.
Two sides of a triangle are not equal.
Therefore, the angles opposite to these sides are not equal.
Answer: If we let p to denote “two sides pf triangle are equal” and q be “the angles
opposite to these sides are equal”. Then the given argument can be symbolically as.
p →q
p
∴ q

The Law of Detachment does not apply to this argument. We will use the truth
table to verify the validity of this argument. That is, to show that
[( p → q) Λ p]→ q.
p q p →q p ( p → q) Λ p q [( p → q) Λ p] → q
T T T F F F T
T F F F T T T
F T T T T F F
F F T T T T T
Clearly, [( p → q) Λ p]→ q is not a tautology. Thus, the given argument is a
fallacy.

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