Honors Algebra 2

& Trigonometry
Unit 4
Common Functions & Graphs

Function Dance Moves

???

Name:____________________________________ Block:_____________
 Contents
Assignment Topic Page #
Notes
Relations & Functions 3-8
PS 4.1
PS 4.2 Implicit & Explicit Domain 9-10
Notes
Graphs of Functions 11-15
PS 4.3

PS 4.4 Function Transformations 16-22

PS 4.5 Library of Parent Functions 23-27

Notes
Inverse Functions 28-31
PS 3.7

IP Independent Practice 31-35

CYU Check Your Understanding 36

Calc How does my Calculator Do That? 37-38

Essential Questions
 What differentiates a function from a relation?
 How can we describe the domain & range of a function?
 How do operations on a functions inputs & outputs affect the graph?
 How do we “undo” what a function has done?
 In what ways is a function “related” to it’s inverse?

2
(4.1) NOTES: Relations & Functions Name____________________________
Definitions & Representation
Block_________ Date________

Key Ideas/Tips NOTES

Relation:

Domain:

Range:

A relation can be represented as:

3
 A _____________________ is a special relation that assigns each element in the domain to exactly one element
in the range. For a function:
 Every element in the domain must be matched with an element in the range
 Two (or more) elements in the domain may be matched with the same element in the range
 An element of the domain may not be matched with more than one element in the range.
Examples: What does this look like as a map? a list? a table?

map list table

Function
Function
Not a

Function Notation:

Properties of Functions:
A function is said to be ___________________ if and only if ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦

A function is said to be ___________________ if and only if ∀𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) → 𝑥1 = 𝑥2

The graph of a function:

The graph of a function is the set of all ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥)) such that x is in the domain of f.

4
PS (4.1) Relations & Functions
1) Determine which of the following graphs represent a function. 5
5 5 5
4
4 4 4
3
3 3 3
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
1

4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4
4 2 2 4
1 1 1
1
2 2 2
2
3 3
3 3
4 4
4 4
5 5
5 5

2) Sketch a graph of a relation which does not represent a function (below).

3) Determine which of the following equations represents y as a function of x.

2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9 𝑦2 − 𝑥 = 3 3𝑦 + 𝑥 2 − 7 = 0

𝑦 = √𝑥 − 3 √𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 |𝑦| = 𝑥 + 2

4) Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥

1
Evaluate 𝑓(4) 𝑓 (− 2) 𝑓(2 − 𝑚)

Find x such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 28 Find x such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 0

(called the zeroes of the function)

3𝑥 − 5, 𝑥≤0
5) Given 𝑟(𝑡) = {
𝑥 2 + 4, 𝑥>0

Evaluate 𝑟(−3) 𝑟(0) 𝑟(5)

5
A composition function is a function composed (or made up) of other functions.
6) Given 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥, find 𝑓(𝑔(3)) in simplest radical form.

7) Use the graph below to answer the following questions.

8) Use the table below to answer the following questions.

6
9) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 , evaluate:

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

𝑓
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑔) (𝑥)

10) If ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4 and 𝑘(𝑥) = 2 − 5𝑥, evaluate:

𝑘
(ℎ) (𝑥) (ℎ − 𝑘)(−2) (ℎ𝑘)(2𝑡)

11) Given the graphs of g & f, find:

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = 𝑓(𝑥)

(𝑓𝑔)(−2) =

𝑓
( ) (−6) =
𝑔
𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓
( ) (4) =
𝑔

Over what interval(s) is (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) negative?

12) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −2√𝑥 + 3, evaluate:

𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(−1) 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑓 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥)

7
13) The number (N) of bacteria in refrigerated food is given by the function:

𝑁(𝑇) = 20𝑇 2 − 80𝑇 + 500

where T is the temperature of the food in ºC. When food is removed from refrigeration, the temperature
drops over time according to the following equation:

𝑇(𝑡) = 4𝑡 + 2

where t represents time (in hours) and 0 ≤ t ≤ 3.

a) Find the composition function NoT(t)

b) What does this composition function (NoT) represent? Describe what this function “does” in words.

8
PS (4.2) Implicit Domain & Range Name____________________________
Explicit vs. Implicit Domain of Relations
Block_________ Date________
1) For each of the following, find the range.

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥; for 𝑥 𝜖 {0, 1, 2}

𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 7; for − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8

2) For each of the following real valued functions, state the implicit domain.

𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡(𝑥) = |6𝑥 − 1| 𝑟(𝑥) = √36 − 𝑥 2
𝑥 2 −4

1 √𝑥+2
𝑚(𝑥) = 𝑐(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 −𝑥−6

3) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = −2√𝑥 + 3, determine the domain of 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥)

9
4) If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 , find the domain of each of the following:

(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

𝑓
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) (𝑔) (𝑥)

5) Given f(x) is represented by the solid line and g(x) is the dashed line. State the domain of each of the
following:

(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) =

(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) =

𝑓
( ) (𝑥) =
𝑔

10
 Name____________________________
(4.3) NOTES: Graphs of Functions
Block_________ Date________
Key Ideas Notes
WARM-UP:
In the graph of g(x) below, what is g(1)?

What is g(-3)?

What is x if g(x) = 3?

If g(x) = -3, what is g(x – 2)?

How many zeroes does the function have?

What is the domain & range?

Is g(x) a function? How do you know?

Continuity
A relation is ____________________ if and only if the graph has no breaks, holes, or gaps.

11
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
A function is increasing on an A function is decreasing on an A function is constant on an
interval if, for any x1 and x2 in the interval if, for any x1 and x2 in the interval if, for any x1 and x2 in the
interval, if x1 < x2, interval, if x1 < x2, interval, if x1 < x2,
then f(x1) < f(x2). then f(x1) > f(x2). then f(x1) = f(x2).

Example: for the graph of h(x) below, identify all intervals of decrease, increase, constancy.

Relative Extrema
A function value 𝑓(𝑎) is called a relative A function value 𝑓(𝑎) is called a relative minimum
maximum of f if there exists an interval (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) of f if there exists an interval (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) that contains a
that contains a such that 𝑥1 < 𝑥 < 𝑥2 implies such that 𝑥1 < 𝑥 < 𝑥2 implies 𝑓(𝑎) ≤ 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑓(𝑎) ≥ 𝑓(𝑥).

Example: Determine any relative extrema of the function

𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 + 5.

12
Even and Odd Functions
A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is even if, for each x in the domain of f, 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥).

A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is odd if, for each x in the domain of f, 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥).

What does this look like graphically?

EVEN FUNCTIONS VS. ODD FUNCTIONS

-x
-x x x

Rate of Change (slope)

difference 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)

quotient
=
𝒉

13
 Name____________________________
PS (4.3) Graphs of Functions Block_________ Date________
#1-3, Determine:
a) the intervals over which each function is increasing, decreasing, or constant
b) the domain & range
c) any relative extrema

1) 2) 3)

#5-8, Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither algebraically.

5) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 6) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 5

3
7) 𝑐(𝑥) = √𝑥 8) 𝑝(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 − 5

#9-11, (i) determine if the following functions are EVEN, ODD, or NEITHER graphically, then (ii)
confirm your answer algebraically on a separate sheet of paper.
9) 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 4 10) 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 9𝑥 3 11) 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2
60
4 4
40
2 20 2

5 5 5 5 5 5
20
2 2
40
4 60 4

12) Which of the following relations is discontinuous (mean NOT continuous)

𝑥2 𝑥−3
𝑦= +5 |𝑥 − 4| + |𝑦 + 3| = 1 𝑦 = 2𝑥+4
2

14
13) Find the average rate of change of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2
a. between the values 𝑥1 = −2 and 𝑥2 = 0.
b. between the values 𝑥1 = −2 and 𝑥2 = 1.

6
14) Evaluate the difference quotient for 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
a. at 𝑥 = −3
b. for any value of x.

15) Evaluate the difference quotient for the following functions.

1
𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2 𝑔(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) = √4𝑥 − 1
𝑥−2

15
PS (4.4) Function Transformations Name____________________________
Translations, reflections, & dilations of common functions
Block_________ Date________

Key Ideas NOTES

Three types of function transformations are:

___________________ - represent shifts in the position of the graph.

Vertical Shifts Horizontal Shifts

___________________ - represents a 180° rotation of the graph about an axis.

Vertical Reflection Horizontal Reflection

(over x-axis) (over y-axis)

___________________ - represents stretches & shrinks in a graph.

Vertical Stretch/Shrink Horizontal Stretch/Shrink

16
17
 NOTES
Key Ideas
The transformations done to obtain one graph from another can be read from the equation.
Notes for
graphing: A function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) which has been transformed to 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑓(𝑏(𝑥 − ℎ)) + 𝑘
has undergone the following transformations:

18
19
20
Given the graph 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) below. Graph each of the stated functions.
6
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) − 2 5
4
3
2
1

6 4 2 2 4 6
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
𝑦 = 2𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑦 = − 2 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) − 1

21
22
 Name____________________________
PS (4.5) Library of Parent Functions
Key characteristics of common functions. Block_________ Date________

For each of the following common functions, use your textbook & your knowledge of algebra to fill in the
pertinent information & sketch the graph of each parent function. Include a few reference points for each
graph.

Key Ideas/Tips Linear Function

Other forms of a line:

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥

D:

R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is the function increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative extrema? If so, where?

Absolute Value Function

𝑝(𝑥) = |𝑥|

D:

R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is it increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so, what and where?

23
Quadratic Function Square Root Function

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑝(𝑥) = √𝑥

D: D:

R: R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither? Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is it Over what interval(s) is it

increasing/decreasing/constant? increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so, Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so,
what and where? what and where?

Cubic Function Cube Root Function

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3
3
𝑝(𝑥) = √𝑥
D:
D:
R:
R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is it Over what interval(s) is it

increasing/decreasing/constant? increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so, Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so,
what and where? what and where?

24
Exponential Function Logarithmic Function

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 for 𝑏 > 1 𝑝(𝑥) = log 𝑏 𝑥 for 𝑏 > 1

D: D:

R: R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither? Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is it

increasing/decreasing/constant? Over what interval(s) is it
increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so,

what and where? Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so,
what and where?

Rational (Reciprocal) Function Greatest Integer Function

1
𝑝(𝑥) =
𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) = ⟦𝑥⟧

D: D:

R: R:

Is this function even, odd, or neither? Is this function even, odd, or neither?

Over what interval(s) is it Over what interval(s) is it

increasing/decreasing/constant? increasing/decreasing/constant?

Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so, Does it have any relative maxima/minima? If so,
what and where? what and where?

25
Applying Parent Functions
1) Given the parent function and a description of the transformation, write the equation of the
transformed function, f(x).

Absolute value—vertical shift up 5, horizontal shift right 3. ____________________

2
Radical—vertical shrink by ____________________
5
Cubic—reflected over the x axis and vertical shift down 2 ____________________
Reciprocal—vertical stretch by 8 ____________________
Quadratic—vertical shrink by .45, horizontal shift left 8. ____________________

2) Write the equation of each function depicted below.

26
3) For each function, identify & graph the parent function with a dotted line, then use your
knowledge of transformations to graph the function itself with a solid line.
Plot at least 3 points for reference.
3
𝑓(𝑥) = −√𝑥 + 3 + 1 𝑔(𝑥) = −3(𝑥 − 6)3 + 1 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥+4

ℎ(𝑥) = |2𝑥 − 4| − 3 𝑑(𝑡) = (𝑡 + 1)3 + 3

𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ⟦3⟧ + 1 𝑔(𝑥) = √−𝑥 + 6 − 1

27
 Name____________________________
(4.6) NOTES: Inverse Functions
Block_________ Date________

Key Ideas NOTES

Evaluate 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓(𝑥) for each pair of functions.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 2
3
𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 4 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 2

Formal Definition
Two functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are inverses of each other if and only if

The inverse of a 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

function
“undoes” the In this case 𝑔(𝑥) is said to be the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥), and is denoted
other function.
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) read “f-inverse of x”

Determine the inverse of ℎ(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 1 & verify the inverse algebraically.

28
 Key Ideas NOTES

Finding the inverse formally

Find the inverse of the following functions.

𝑥+2
𝑞(𝑥) = 3𝑥+1 𝑡(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 5

STEPS
1) replace 𝑓(𝑥) w/ y
2) interchange x & y
3) solve for new y
4) replace y w/ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)

A function is said to be __________________ if and only if the inverse of the function is

itself a function.

When is a function invertible?

29
 Name____________________________
PS (4.6) Inverse Functions
Block_________ Date________

1) Find the inverse of the following functions (if it exists).

𝑔(𝑥) = −8𝑥 2 + 1 2𝑥 − 1 1
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑚(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 5
5 3

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)3 + 1 𝑞(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5 𝑓(𝑥) = 3|𝑥 + 1| − 2

2) Find the inverse of the following function & verify your inverse.

𝑔(𝑥) = √4 − 𝑥

3) Find the inverse of each function. Then graph both equations on the given axes.
𝑥−4 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 + 3
6

3
ℎ(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2 𝑝(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 1, for 𝑥 < 3

30
 4) Find the inverse of the following function & verify.

6𝑥 − 1
𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥+2

5) Determine which of the following relations is invertible.

4
4
4
4 4
4

a. 2
b. 2
c. 2
d. 2
e. 2
f. 2

2
2
2 2
2
2

4
4

4 4
4 4

6) Explain: Demonstrate why the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 2 + 2 is NOT invertible.

Synthesis
7) Given the function 𝑟(𝑡) = 2√3 − 𝑥
i) State the domain & range of r
ii) Find 𝑟 −1 (𝑡)
iii) State the Domain & Range of 𝑟 −1
iv) Graph both 𝑟(𝑡) & 𝑟 −1 (𝑡) the given axes

31
 Name____________________________
(IP) Independent Practice Set
Block_________ Date________

Part I: Functions, Domain, and Range. For each relation shown below, determine whether the relation
is a function and give the domain and range. If the relation is a function, determine whether or not it is
one-to-one or onto.

Part II: Evaluating Functions. For each given function, evaluate f (0) , f (3) , f (x  2) , and f (x  h) .

   

For questions 8 – 13, use the graphs below.

12. For what value(s) of x is/are 𝑓(𝑥) = 0? 13. For what value(s) of x is/are 𝑔(𝑥) = −6?

32
Part III: Implied Domains. Give the implied domain of each function.

Part IV: Graphs of Functions. Graph each function in your calculator. Determine the intervals over
which the function is increasing, decreasing, or constant. Find all local maximum and minimum values.
Determine if the function is even, odd, or neither.

Part V: Even and Odd Functions. Determine, without using the calculator, whether each function is
even, odd, or neither.

Part VI: Transformations of Graphs. For each function given, first identify the parent function and
describe the transformations in words. Then graph the parent function with a dotted line and the given
function with a solid line on the same set of axes.

33
 Part VII: Average Rate of Change and Difference Quotient.

35. Find the average rate of change of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 between the values 𝑥1 = 1 and
𝑥2 = 3.

36. Find the average rate of change of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 between the values 𝑥1 = 2 and
𝑥2 = 5.

**Why are 35 and 36 different? Which is a better representation of the behavior of the function? How do you know?**

1
37. Find the difference quotient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 − 2 𝑥 2 at 𝑥 = 3.

38. Find the difference quotient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 0.

1
39. Find the difference quotient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = at any x.
𝑥+2

40. Find the difference quotient of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1 at any x.

Part VIII: Composition & Inverse.

1 𝑥
41. Suppose 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−3. Find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 (𝑥) and the domain of this composition.

42. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑦) = 4𝑦 − 3, find (𝑓 + 5𝑔)(𝑛2 ).

4𝑥+2
43. Suppose 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−5 .
a. Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥).
b. Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
c. Find the domain and range of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
d. Verify the inverse.

44. Suppose 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 + √𝑥 − 5.

a. Explain why g is invertable.
b. Find the inverse function of 𝑔(𝑥).
c. Graph both g and its inverse and
comment on any symmetry.

34
Part IX: Synthesis

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.
(a)

(b)

51.

35
CYU - UNIT 4
Related
Relevent Review Can I
Unit 3 Learning Objectives PS Examples
Exercises do this?
on Page(s)
FUNCTION NOTATION & REPRESENTATION
Determine whether relations between to
p.189-192 p.254 #33-38, 55-58, 131
variables are functions. (graphically & 4.1
p.204 IP #1-4, 8-13
algebraically)
p.254 #39-48
Evaluate functions using function notation. 4.1 p.191-192
IP #5-7
Find the composition of one function with
4.1 p.235-236 p.256 #109-112
another.
p.256 #107-108
Add, subtract, multiply, & divide functions. 4.1 p.233-234
IP #42
Evaluate difference quotients & determine p.195-196 p.254 #53-54, 69-72
4.3
the average rate of change of a function. p.208 IP #35-40
DOMAIN & RANGE
Find the domain & range of a function. p.254 #43-48
4.2 p.193
(graphically & algebraically) IP #14-19

Determine the domain of a composition & p.256 #107-112

4.2
operated function. IP #41
GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS
Determine the intervals on which a function
p.255 #63-68
is increasing/deccreasing & determine 4.3 p.206-207
IP #20-25
relatie extreama.
p.255 #73-76
Identify even & odd functions. 4.3 p.209
IP #26-28
Identify & graph common parent functions. 4.5 p.215-219 p.255 #77-90, 133

Identify & write the equation of parent

4.5 p.215-219 p.255 #91-92, 129
functions.
Use transformations (shifts, reflections, & p.255 #93-106
4.5 p.223-228
dilations) to sketch parent functions. IP #29-34
INVERSE FUNCTIONS
p.256 #115-116, 123-126,
Find the inverse function (informally) and
4.6 p.242-243 130
verify two functions are inverses.
IP #43-44
Determine if a function is invertable p.256 #117-122, 132
4.6 p.244-245
(graphically w/ HLT) IP #43

Find the inverse of a function formally p.256 #123-128

4.6 p.246-247
(algebraically). IP #43-44

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 How to use your graphing calculator

Graphing:
Enter your equation.

If the vertex falls below the screen, you will need to adjust the view window.

Finding relative max/min:

Press until your point is located left of the minimum.

Press until your point is located to the right of the minimum.

Press and read off your solution. Note: your calculator may have
some rounding error.

37
 Finding the roots:

𝑅1 = (3,0)

You can repeat this process to find the second root.

𝑅2 = (−1.5,0)
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