Chap 8 : How Do Organisms Reproduce www.cbse.

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CHAPTER 8
How Do Organisms Reproduce

ONE MARK QUESTIONS beings.

Ans : [Delhi 2015]
a. Testis produce sperms.
1. Name the method by which Spirogyra reproduce b. Produces male sex hormone, testosterone.
under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or
asexual? 10. Name the causative organism of the disease “Kala-
Ans : [Delhi 2017] azar” and its mode of asexual reproduction.
Fragmentation. Asexual Ans : [Foreign 2015]
Leishmania, Binary fission.
2. Name the method by which Planaria reproduce
under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or 11. Name two simple organisms having the ability of
asexual? regeneration.
Ans : [Delhi 2017] Ans : [CBSE 2015]
Regeneration. Asexual Planaria/hydra/earthworm (any two).

3. Name the method by which Plasmodium reproduce 12. Give the respective scientific terms used for studying:
under favourable conditions. Is this method sexual or a. The mechanism by which variations are created
asexual? and inherited and
Ans : [Delhi 2017] b. The development of new type of organisms from
the existing ones.
Multiple Fission. Asexual
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
4. When a cell reproduces, what happens to its DNA? a. Heredity
Ans : [All India 2017] b. Fission.
Its DNA first doubles up followed by its equal and
accurate division between two daughter cells.

5. List two functions of ovary of human female

reproductive system.
Ans : [All India 2016]
In human female, ovary contains thousands of eggs.
One egg is produced every month one of the ovaries.
Ovary also secretes estrogens hormone for development
of sexual characteristics at puberty.

6. What are those organisms called which bear both sex

organs in the same individual. Give one example of
such organism.
Ans : [All India 2016]
13. Give an advantage of vegetative propagation.
Bisexual. For example: earthworm, leech, starfish,
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
hibiscus, mustard. (Any one)
Vegetative propagation can be practised for growing
7. Where is DNA found in a cell? such plants which usually do not produce seeds or
Ans : [CBSE 2016] produce non-viable seeds.
Genes/Chromosomes. 14. Name the type of cells which undergo regeneration.
8. Name the life process of an organism that helps in the Ans : [CBSE 2015]
growth of its population. Regenerative cells can proliferate and make large
Ans : [All India 2015] number of cells.
Reproduction. 15. What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name an
STD which damages the immune system of human
9. List two functions performed by testis in human
 body. Germination: Development of embryo into a seedling.
Ans : [CBSE 2015] Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes.
a. Diseases that spread through the sexual contact. 26. Why is sexual reproduction considered to be superior
b. AIDS to asexual reproduction is terms of evolution?
16. Organisms have a varied body design. Name the Ans : [Sample Paper 2010]
property which gives the basic difference in body Sexual mode of reproduction is a source of variation
design. (in a population of organisms) which ensures survival
Ans : [CBSE 2014] of the species.
Errors in DNA copying (variations). 27. Malarial parasite divides into many daughter
individuals simultaneously through multiple fission.
17. How can the chromosomes be identified?
State an advantage the parasite gets because of this
Ans : [CBSE 2014] type of reproduction.
Chromosomes can be seen as thread like structure Ans : [Sample Paper 2010]
when cell is dividing.
a. Progeny is identical like parent and in large
18. Why is temperature of scrotal sac 2°C less than the number.
body temperature? b. Single individual can reproduce.
Ans : [CBSE 2014,12] 28. Name two ways of vegetative propagation practiced
Because testes require temperature 2°C less than the by gardeners.
body temperature for the production of sperms. Ans : [All India 2009]

19. How does the embryo gets nourishment from the Cutting and grafting.
mother?
29. What is reproduction?
Ans : [All India 2013]
Ans : [All India 2009 C]
Through placenta.
Reproduction is the process of producing individuals
20. Why does the lining of uterus become thick and of its own kind.
spongy every month?
30. What is the effect of DNA copying which is not
Ans : [CBSE 2013] perfectly accurate on the reproduction process?
To receive and nurture the growing embryo, lining of Ans : [All India 2008]
uterus become thick and spongy.
Leads to variation/ evolution.
21. Regeneration is not possible in all types of animals.
Why? TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Regeneration is carried by specialised cells. The
31. State the changes that take place in the uterus when
organisms which have those cells only can show
a. implantation of embryo has occurred
regeneration.
b. female gamete/egg is not fertilized
22. What is the advantage of reproducing through spores? Ans : [Delhi 2017]
Ans : [CBSE 2012] a. Uterus wall becomes thicker due to development
In the form of cyst, spore with a cell wall can survive of blood vessels and glands in it and placenta
in adverse conditions. develops from the side of foetus so that it can
derive nutrition from mother and pass the waste
They can be easily dispersed through wind as to mother’s blood.
they are more in number and light in weight. b. Uterus lining gets peeled and shed off along with
23. What happens if egg is not fertilized? mucus, blood, dead ovum during menstruation.
Ans : [CBSE 2012] 32. Give reasons as to why the following processes are
If fertilization does not occur then menstruation different from each other:
occurs, i.e., blood and mucus comes out through the a. Fission in Amoeba and Plasmodium .
vagina. b. Binary fission and Fragmentation.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
24. Differentiate between pollen grain and ovule.
a. In Amoeba during binary fission the cell divides
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
into two daughter cells while in Plasmodium
Pollen grains contain male gametes and ovules multiple fission occurs, where the cell divides into
contains female gametes in plants. many daughter cells.
b. In binary fission, a cell divides into two daughter
25. Differentiate between germination and fertilization, cells while in fragmentation, the body of a
Ans : [CBSE 2011 ] multicellular organisms divides into two or more
 parts which grow further. a. Each piece grows into a complete organism.
b. Develops into new plants.
33. a. What is the location of the following: c. Changes occurs in the appearance at the time of
(i) DNA in a cell (ii) Gene puberty.
b. Expand DNA.
Ans : [CBSE 2016] 38. What does the diagram given below correctly
illustrate? Give reason in support of your answer.
a. (i) Nucleus. (ii) Located on the chromosomes.
b. Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.

34. Explain how do organisms create an exact copy of

themselves.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
To build the copies of DNA or the genetic material,
the cells use biochemical reactions.
Additional cellular apparatus along with the DNA
copies are separated and so a cell divides to give rise Ans : [All India 2014-15]
to two almost identical cells.
Binary fission in Amoeba. The splitting of the two
35. “Variations” are seen in the organisms. State the two cells during division in Amoeba can take place in any
main causes of variation. plane.
Ans : [CBSE 2015] 39. What is the main difference between sperms and eggs
Variations are caused by: of human? Write the importance of this difference?
a. Change in the genetic material, i.e., DNA at the Ans : [All India 2014]
time of DNA copying.
Sperms are motile and are produced in . large
b. Environmental factors viz., light, temperature,
numbers by a male. Egg are non-motile and only one
nutrition, wind and water supply, etc.
is produced at a time by the female.
c. Mutations.
Sperms are motile as they have to travel up to egg
for fertilization. It becomes zygote, remains protected
inside female’s body and gives rise to foetus and baby.

40. Draw labelled diagrams to illustrate budding in Hydra.

Ans : [CBSE 2014]
a. In sexual reproduction, fusion of male and female
gametes takes place, these germ-cells/gametes
contain half the number of chromosomes and by
the fusion of these gametes the zygote is formed
with full set of chromosomes.
b. When male and female gametes fuse at the time
of fertilization, it restores the original number
of chromosomes (of the parent), ensuring the
stability of species.
36. Define the following processes of asexual reproduction:
a. Spore formation 41. “The chromosomal number of the sexually producing
b. Regeneration parents and their offspring is the same.” Justify this
c. Multiple fission statement.
Ans : [CBSE 2015] Ans : [CBSE 2014]

a. Reproduction seen in organisms by formation of a. DNA copying is essential for formation of addition
spores. cellular apparatus, so that when DNA copies
b. Organisms are cut into any number of pieces and separate, each cell gets its own cellular apparatus.
each piece grows into a complete organism. b. The process of DNA copying results in variation
c. Unicellular organisms divide into many daughter each time. As a result, the DNA copies generated
cells simultaneously. will be similar, but may not be identical to the
original.
37. What happens when the following situations are
initiated: 42. “The consistency of DNA copying during reproduction
a. A Planaria is cut into three different pieces. is important for the maintenance of body design
b. Leaf of the Bryophyllum with notches falls on the features.” Support this statement with two arguments.
soil. Ans : [CBSE 2014]
c. Testosterone is released in the male reproductive
system. 43. Why is vegetative propagation practised for growing
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
 some types of plants? [Delhi 2012] a. Formation of sperms takes place in testes.
or b. Prostate gland contributes fluid to the semen.
Why is vegetative propagation practiced for growing
some types of plant? List two plants which are grown 50. Why do we need to adopt contraceptive measures?
by this method. Ans : [CBSE 2012, 13]
Ans : [All India 2013] a. Contraceptive measures are needed to be adopted
Advantages of vegetative propagation: to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
a. The plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than b. To prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
those propagated sexually. c. Spacing between children.
b. Plants have lost capacity to form seeds hence d. For sound health of a mother.
they are propagated vegetatively. Such plants are
51. Give two differences between a male and a female
genetically similar to parent plants and have all
gamete.
their characters.
Ans : [CBSE 2012]
44. Define variation in relation to a species. Why is a. Male gamete is smaller in size or compared to the
variation beneficial to the species? female gamete.
Ans : [CBSE 2013] b. Male gamete is motile whereas female gamete is
Variation means certain changes which occur in non-motile.
sexually reproducing organisms because of errors in
52. What kind of contraceptive methods prevents STDs
DNA copying. Variations are beneficial for species
and how?
because they given survival advantage even in the
adverse environmental conditions. Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Barrier method prevent STDs.
45. State the importance of chromosomal difference By this method there is no direct contact of genital
between sperms and eggs of humans. organs of male and female and thus it prevents
Ans : [CBSE 2013] transmission of any infection.
Eggs always contain same type of sex chromosomes
53. List any two reasons why the Government has banned
(both X). Sperms contain X or Y sex chromosomes.
prenatal sex determination by law.
Thus, sperm containing X chromosome when combines
with X chromosome of egg results in a female child. Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Whereas sperm containing Y chromosome when a. People may get female foetus aborted.
combines with X chromosome of egg results in a male b. Reckless female foeticide has disturbed male-
child. female ratio in society.

46. a. List any two methods of asexual reproduction. 54. Mention any four ways of asexual reproduction.
b. Explain how Spirogyra reproduces. Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
a. Fission
a. (i) Budding in Hydra and Yeast. b. Budding
(ii) Spore formation in Fungi. c. Spore formation
b. Spirogyra breaks up into smaller pieces upon d. Fragmentation
maturation. These fragments grow into new e. Regenerations
individuals
55. Mention the functions of (a) placenta (b) fallopian
47. How can pregnancy be prevented surgically? tube in the human female , reproductive system.
Ans : Ans : [CBSE 2012]
Pregnancy can be prevented surgically by adopting: a. Placenta:
a. Vasectomy: When vas deferens in males are blocked (i) Helps in transporting glucose and oxygen
surgically, sperm transfer will be prevented. from the mother to the embryo.
b. Tubectomy: When fallopian tubes are blocked, (ii) Waste generated by the embryo is removed by
eggs will not be able to reach the uterus. transferring it to the mother’s blood.
b. Fallopian tube:
48. ‘Regeneration is not reproduction’. Justify this (i) Helps in carrying the egg from the ovary to
statement with reason. the uterus.
Ans : [CBSE 2013,14] (ii) Fertilization occurs here.
When a piece is cut from an organism, it grows into
56. List any four modes of asexual reproduction.
complete organisms. Regeneration is carried out by
specialized cells. It is not reproduction since most Ans : [All India 2011]
organisms would not be able to grow through pieces. a. Four modes of asexual reproduction:
b. Fission
49. State one function each performed by the following c. Budding
organs in human beings: (a) Testes (b) Prostate gland d. Spore formation
Ans : [CBSE 2013] e. Fragmentation
 f. Regenerations c. ovule
d. sepals and petals
57. Give one example each of a unisexual and bisexual
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
flower. [All India 2011]
or a. forms zygote
Differentiate between unisexual and bisexual flower. b. forms fruit
or c. forms seed
Distinguish between unisexual and bisexual flowers d. shrinks and fall off
giving one example of each.
62. What is the function of copper-T used by some
Ans : [All India 2014-15] women? What is its effect?
Unisexual flower have only one type of sex organ, Ans : [CBSE 2011 ]
either carpels or stamen, hence they are either male
Copper-T prevents pregnancy as it prevents
or female flower. For example: Cucurbit and maize.
implantation in the uterus. It can cause side effect
Bisexual flower have both carpels and stamens. For
due to irritation of the uterus.
example: Marigold and rose.
63. Leaves of Bryophyllum fallen on the ground produce
58. List any two differences between pollination and
new plants. Why?
fertilization.
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Leaves of Bryophyllum bears adventi¬tious buds/
Pollination Fertilization plantlets in the notches along the leaf margin. When
1. It is the transfer of It is the fusion of male the buds fall on the soil they develop into new plant
pollen grain from gamete with female under favourable condi-tions.
the anther to the gamete (egg).
64. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-
stigma of flower.
pollination.
2. It is achieved by It is achieved by the Ans : [CBSE 2011]
agents like wind, growth of pollen tube
water or animals. so that the male Self-pollination Cross-pollination
gamete reaches the
1. Self-pollination is Cross-pollination is
female germ cells.
the transfer of pollen the transfer of pollen
3. It leads to It leads to formation of grains from anther grains from anther
fertilization. seeds to stigma within the to stigma in another
4. It is an external It is an internal same flower. flower.
process process. 2. It occurs either in It occurs between
the same flower or two flowers which are
59. Differentiate between plumule and radicle. another flower of the on different plants
Ans : [CBSE 2011] same plant. but are of the same
species.
Plumule Radicle
3. It occurs in the It occurs between
1. The part of growing The part of growing flowers which are flowers which are
embryo which later embryo which later form genetically same. genetically different.
forms the shoot of the root of young plant.
young plant. 65. Label any four parts.
2. It is positively It is positively
phototrophic geotrophic and
and negatively negatively phototrophic.
geotrophic.

60. Name the type of asexual reproduction in:

a. Planaria
b. Rhizopus
c. Spirogyra
d. Hydra
Ans :
a. Regeneration
b. Spore formation
c. Fragmentation
d. Budding Ans : [Sample Paper 2010]
1. Stigma 2. Anther 3. Style 4. Filament 5. Petal
61. What happens to the following parts after fertilization?
6. Ovary 7. Sepal (any four)
a. ovum
b. ovary
66. What are the functions of the following in male
reproductive system?
a. Seminal vesicles
b. Prostate gland
Ans : [All India 2009]
a. In human males, seminal vesicles store sperms
temporarily before ejaculation.
b. Both seminal vesicles and prostate gland add
their secretions so that the sperms remain in a
fluid which makes their transport easier and also
this fluid provides nutrition.

69. Draw a labelled diagram of

a. Spore formation in Rhizop us
b. Multiple fission in Plasmodium.
Ans : [CBSE 2008 C]

67. Draw a labelled diagram of

a. Regeneration in Planaria
b. Budding in Hydra [CBSE 2008 C]
or
Explain budding in Hydra with the help of labelled
diagrams only.
Ans : [Delhi 2015]

70. Write two differences between binary fission and

multiple fission in a tabular form as observed in the
cells of the organisms.
68. Draw a labelled diagram of (i) Binary fission in
Ans : [All India 2008, 2010]
Amoeba (ii) leaf of Bryophyllum with buds.
Ans : [CBSE 2008 C] Binary Fission Multiple Fission
1. One cell splits into One cell divides into
two equal halves. many daughter cells
simultaneously
 Binary Fission Multiple Fission Define reproduction. How does it help in providing
stability to the population of species?
2. Each nuclear division Nuclear division Ans : [CBSE 2015 C]
is followed by occurs several times,
cytoplasmic division. they move towards the a. Reproduction is the process of producing
It can be irregular, periphery followed by individuals of its own kind. Through reproduction,
longitudinal or cytoplasmic division. the continuity is maintained.
transverse. b. Members of population are eliminated due to old
age, disease, accidents and other reason. They
3. Generally seen during Generally occurs have to be replaced by new members in order to
favourable conditions in unfavourable maintain a stable population.
e.g., Many bacteria conditions or in c. Reproduction brings variation so that population
and Protozoa like, parasitic forms e.g., may adapt better and evolution in species takes
Amoeba, Paramecium Plasmodium (malarial place. Ultimately new species originate from pre-
and Leishmania. parasite) existing ones.
d. Reproduction is not essential for an individual
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS as its survival is not dependent upon it but is
essential for a species for its survival.

71. What is vegetative propagation? List two advantages 74. Mention the total number of chromosome along
and two disadvantages of vegetative propagation. with sex chromosome. Explain how in a sexually
reproducing organism chromosome number of parents
Ans : [All India 2017]
and their offsprings is the same.
Method of producing new plants from vegetative Ans : [Delhi 2017]
parts like roots, stem and leaves is called vegetative
propagation. Total number chromosomes is 23 pairs. The last pair
Advantages are: is called sex chromosome. If they are similar, they are
a. The plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than termed as XX chromosome. They are present in the
those propagated sexually. females. If they are dissimilar, they are called XY.
b. Plants have lost capacity to form seeds hence they They are present in the males. DNA doubling is always
are propagated vegetatively. followed by cell division. But multicellular organisms
Disadvantages are: have special linkages of cells in specialised organs
a. Such plants are genetically similar to parent plants which have only half the number of chromosomes and
and are vulnerable to infections and diseases. half the amount of DNA. Thus, when these germ-
b. They do not have variations therefore do not cells from two individuals combine during sexual
adapt well to changing environment, the plant reproduction to form a new individual, it results in
species does not evolve. re-establishment of number of chromosome and DNA
content.
72. List three techniques to prevent pregnancy. Which of
them is not meant for males? How does the use of such 75. State the basic requirement for sexual reproduction.
techniques have an impact on health and prosperity of Write the importance of such reproduction in nature.
a family? [All India 2017] Ans : [Delhi 2017]
or Sexual reproduction takes place in multicellular
List any four methods of contraception used by organisms with complex body design. There are
humans. How does their use have a direct effect on specialized (sex) organs in which through a special
the health and prosperity of a family? type of cell division, number of chromosome is reduced
Ans : [Delhi 2015, All India 2014] to half and male and female germ cells/gametes form.
Three techniques to prevent pregnancy: These gamete fuse to form zygote on fertilization,
a. Mechanical barrier — male or female. thus the characteristic number of chromosome and the
b. Taking oral pills/i-pill/saheli - changing the normal DNA content for a cell is regained.
hormonal balance of the body so that eggs are Sexual reproduction gives rise to more variations
not released. which are essential for evolution as well as survival
c. Use of the loop or the Copper-T. of species under unfavorable conditions. Species
d. Surgical method - tubectomy / vasectomy reproducing sexually have better chances of survival.
Use of hormonal preparations is not meant for
males. 76. What happens when:
Effect on Health and Prosperity: a. Accidentally Planaria is cut into three different
a. Health of women is maintained pieces.
b. Parents can give more attention to children b. Bryophyllum leaf fall on the wet soil.
c. More resources can be made available. c. On maturation sporangia of Rhizopus burst.
Ans : [Delhi 2017]
73. Reproduction is one of the most important
characteristics of the living beings. Give three reasons a. Three new Planaria will form due to regeneration.
in support of your answer. [All India 2017] b. New plantlets will form from these buds helping
or the plant to propagate vegetatively.
 c. Spores are released which upon finding suitable flower by agents like wind, water or animals.
substratum germinates to form new individual. c. Style is the middle elongated part of the carpel.
It acts as a passage for pollen to reach ovary for
77. List four steps in sexual reproduction. Write two of the fertilization. Filaments is the elongated part
its advantages. of stamen.
Ans : [Delhi 2017]
81. a. Trace the path of sperms from where they are
a. Four steps in sexual reproduction :
produced in human body to the exterior.
b. Formation of gametes in the sex organs.
b. Write the functions of secretions of prostate gland
c. Transfer of male gamete to female gamete which
and seminal vesicles in humans.
involves release of both types of gametes in the
medium outside. Ans : [CBSE 2016]
d. Fusion of gametes, either inside or outside the a. The formation of sperms takes place in testes and
female parents body. delivered through the vas deferens which unites
e. Development of zygote to embryo and then with a tube coming from urinary bladder to form
complete individual. urethra from where they are excreted out of the
Advantages: body.
a. Variations are produced among the progeny. b. Prostate gland and seminal vesicles add their
b. Such populations are able to adapt well to secretions to make the sperms motile in a fluid
changing environment and thus evolves faster. which makes their transport easier and provides
nutrition.
78. Write one main difference between asexual and sexual
mode of reproduction. Which species is likely to 82. Give two examples each of the following:
have comparatively better chances of survival - the a. Plants having unisexual flowers
one reproducing asexually or the one reproducing b. Agents of pollination
sexually? Give reason to justify your answer. c. Physical changes on puberty that are common to
Ans : [CBSE 2017] both boys and girls.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
a. Papaya, watermelon
1. It involves two parents It involves only one b. Insects, air, water, etc.
and causes genetic parent and does c. (i) Appearance of pubic hair.
variation. not causes genetic (ii) Skin becomes oily and may develop pimples.
variation.
83. Why are the testes located outside the abdominal
2. Fertilization/zygote No fertilization/zygote
cavity? Mention the endocrine and exocrine function
formation is observed. formation is observed.
of testes.
The species having sexual mode of reproduction Ans : [CBSE 2016]
have better chances of survival because sexual
reproduction leads to variations which give better Sperm formation requires a lower temperature than
survival advantage to the species over time. the normal body temperature. This temperature is
1-3°C lower than the temperature of the body. Testes
79. Explain the term “Regeneration” as used in relation are thus located outside so that scrotum provides an
to reproduction of organisms. Describe briefly how optimal temperature for the formation of the sperms.
regeneration is carried out in multicellular organisms Endocrine function:
like Hydra. Production of male hormone (testosterone).
Ans : [All India 2016] Exocrine function:
Production of male gametes (sperms).
The ability to give rise to new individuals from
the body parts of the parent individual is called 84. List six specific characteristics of sexual reproduction.
regeneration, e.g., Hydra and Planaria, if their bodies Ans : [All India 2015, CBSE 2016]
get broken into many pieces, each piece is capable of
re-growing into a complete individual. Characteristics of sexual reproduction:
a. Two parents are involved.
80. Compare the following: b. Two dissimilar gametes are formed by meiosis.
a. Unisexual and bisexual flower. c. Variations are produced.
b. Self-pollination and cross pollination. d. Occurs in all the higher and some of the lower
c. Style and filament. organisms.
Ans : [All India 2016-17] e. Fertilization / fusion of gametes leading to zygote
formation.
a. Unisexual flowers have either stamens or carpels,
e.g., Papaya and Watermelon. Bisexual Flowers 85. List four points of significance of reproductive health in
have both stamens and carpels, e.g., Mustard and a society. Name any two areas related to reproductive
Hibiscus. health which have improved over the past 50 years in
b. Self-Pollination is transfer of pollen grains from our country.
the stamen to the stigma of same flower. Cross Ans : [All India 2015, CBSE 2016]
Pollination is transfer of pollen grains to another
 Significance: a. Barrier method (Condoms)
a. Prevent STDs. b. Surgical method (Vasectomy in males and
b. Advantage of small family. Tubectomy in females)
c. Less mortality among new-borns. c. Withdrawal method
d. Reduces the cases of maternal mortality. d. Calendar method
Areas which have improved: e. Hormonal method
a. Family Planning. f. IUCD/Copper-T/Loop (any four)
b. Decrease in STD cases. Two advantages:
a. Helps in maintaining health of women.
86. What is placenta? Explain its function in human b. Helps in preventing STDs especially AIDS.
female. [Foreign 2015, All India 2014] c. Helps in birth control.
or
State the role of placenta in the development of
embryo. [All India 2013]
or
What is placenta? Describe its structure. State its
functions in case of a pregnant human female.
Ans : [All India 2016]
Placenta is a specialized tissue embedded in the
uterine wall. It contains villi on the embryo’s side and
blood spaces on the mother’s side.
Function:
a. Helps in passing of nutrients from mother to
foetus.
b. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases.
c. Passing of waste materials from embryo to the
mother. 90. List any two modes of asexual reproduction. Under
which mode of reproduction is vegetative propagation
87. Write one main difference between asexual and sexual placed and why? List two advantages of vegetative
mode of reproduction. Which species is likely to propagation.
have comparatively better chances of survival- the Ans : [All India 2014]
one reproducing sexually or the one reproducing
asexually? Justify your answer. Two modes of asexual reproduction are fission
[Foreign 2015, All India 2018] Regeneration
or Vegetative propagation is placed under asexual
How is sexual reproduction better than asexual reproduction as reproduction happens from any part
reproduction? of a plant. It may be either leaf, shoot or root.
Ans : [All India 2013] Advantages are:
a. Asexual reproduction does not involve genetic a. The plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than
fusion while sexual reproduction involves fusion of those propagated sexually.
male and female gametes to form a zygote. b. Plants have lost capacity to form seeds hence they
b. Species reproducing sexually have better chances are propagated vegetatively.
of survival. 91. “Regeneration is not same as reproduction”.
Reason : a. Justify the statement.
Sexual reproduction gives rise to more variations b. What is meant by regeneration?
which are essential for evolution as well as survival c. How is this process different from
of species under unfavorable conditions. fragmentation?
88. What are chromosomes? Explain how in sexually Ans : [All India 2015]
reproducing organisms, the number of chromosomes a. Regeneration is not the same as reproduction,
in the progeny is maintained? since most organisms would not normally depend
Ans : [CBSE 2015] on being cut up to be able to reproduce.
Chromosomes are thread like structures made-up of b. The ability to give rise to new individuals from
DNA found in the nucleus. The original number of the body parts of the parent individual is called
chromosomes becomes half during gamete formation. regeneration.
Hence, when the gametes combine, the original c. In fragmentation, the body of a simple multicellular
number of chromosome gets restored in the progeny. organism breaks down onto many ‘fragments’. All
cells undergo division and the organism develops
89. List four categories of contraceptive methods. State from each fragment. Regeneration occurs only
in brief two advantages of adopting such preventive through some specialised cells.
methods.
92. Explain the process of regeneration in Planaria. How
Ans : [CBSE 2015] is this process different from reproduction?
Four categories of contraceptive methods are: Ans : [All India 2014, CBSE 2008]
 Regeneration is the ability to give rise to new a. Binary fission.
individuals from the body parts of the parent b. Amoeba.
individual e.g., Hydra and Planaria, if their bodies c. Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms
get broken into many pieces, each piece is capable of only. In fragmentation the body of a simple
re-growing into a complete individual. multicellular organism breaks down into many
‘fragments’. All cells undergo division and the
organism develops from each fragment.

95. DNA content has the tendency to double itself during

sexual reproduction due to combining of the genetic
materials from the two parents. How the problem
of DNA doubling can be solved to maintain the
consistency of the genetic material throughout the
species?
[All India 2014-15]
or
“The chromosome number of the sexually reproducing
parents and their offsprings is the same”. Justify the
statement.
Ans : [All India 2014]
In some organism regeneration occurs but only DNA doubling is always followed by cell division. Due
to regain lost body parts like in tail of lizard, arm to this special cell division, gametes form with half the
of a star fish. In the case of Planaria, it is a way of content of DNA and single set of chromosomes. These
reproduction that is producing organisms of its own gamete fuse to form zygote on fertilization. Thus the
kind. characteristic number of chromosome and the normal
DNA content for a cell is regained.
93. In the process of reproduction as used by Spirogyra,
Thus the consistency of the genetic material
the organism splits itself into small pieces.
throughout the species is maintained and for the
a. What is this process of reproduction called?
same reason the chromosome number of the sexually
b. Is this type of reproduction sexual or asexual?
reproducing parents and their offsprings is the same.
Answer with reason.
c. Is this process same as regeneration?
Ans : [All India 2014-15] 96. Explain the structure of the female reproductive
a. Fragmentation. system of humans.
b. Asexual as only one parent is involved, Ans : [All India 2014-15]
c. In fragmentation, the body of a simple multicellular Female Reproductive System consists of ovaries,
organism breaks down into many ‘fragments’. All fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina.
cells undergo division and the organism develops a. Ovaries are located inside the abdominal cavity,
from each fragment. near the kidney. It performs two functions:
In regeneration, body of a multicellular • Produce female germ - cells/eggs. Every
organism get broken into many pieces, each piece month one egg is produced
is capable of re-growing into a complete individual. • Secrete hormones like Estrogens which
stimulate the development of secondary
94. Study the diagram given below:
sexual characteristics at puberty.
b. Fallopian Tubes carry the egg from ovary to the
womb; egg gets fertilized in the oviducts only if it
meets a sperm.
c. Uterus is a elastic bag like structure. The fertilized
egg, the zygote gets implanted in the fining of
uterus and develops into an embiyo.
d. Vagina (Birth Canal) receives the sperms as well
as child is borne through it.

a. Identify the process. 97. Give the functions of the following in the process of
b. Which organism uses the above method of reproduction:
reproduction? a. Pollen tube.
c. How is the above method different from the b. ovary,
process of fragmentation? [All India 2014-15] c. Stigma.
or Ans : [All India 2015]
In context of reproduction of species, state the main
difference between fission and fragmentation. Also a. Pollen tube carries male gamete from stigma to
give one example of each. ovule.
b. Ovary has ovule and forms fruit to protect and
Ans : [All India 2016]
dispersal of seeds.
 c. Stigma receives pollen during pollination. formation of zygote is known as fertilization.
The growth of embryo (present in the seed)
98. Justify the following statements: into seedling under appropriate conditions is
a. Variation is beneficial for the species over a period known as germination.
of time.
b. New offsprings produced are similar to their 102. A part of the male reproductive system is shown
parents but not identical. below. Study the diagram and answer the questions
c. Binary fission is different in Amoeba and that follow.
Leishmania.
Ans : [All India 2014-15]
a. Variations help a population in the process of
natural selection and accumulation of adaptations
in a population. It leads to evolution of a species.
b. Offspring, especially when produced sexually, have
minor differences or variations among themselves
hence they may not look identical. By virtue of
them being from same species they look similar.
c. Binary fission in Amoeba is in any plane but in
Leishmania it is in a fixed plane.

99. What happens when:

a. APlanaria is cut into three different pieces,
b. Leaf of the Bryophyllum with notches fall on the
soil.
c. Testosterone is released in the male reproductive a. Two part have been incorrectly labelled. Identify
system. them.
Ans : [All India 2014-15] b. Give the function of urethra.
c. Which hormone is released by testis?
a. Three new Planaria will form due to regeneration.
Ans : [CBSE 2014]
b. New plantlets will form from these buds helping
the plant to propagate vegetatively. a. Testis, penis.
c. The male shows masculine features and attains b. Urethra serves as a common passage for both
fertility. Sperm starts forming in testis. sperms and urine.
c. Testosterone.
100. What is the effect of DNA copying, which is not
perfectly ccurate, on the reproduction process? How 103. Mention one function each of the following parts with
does the amount of DNA remain constant though respect to the female reproductive system:
each new generation is a combination of DNA copies a. Vagina
of two individuals? b. Ovary
Ans : [CBSE 2014] Ans : [CBSE 2014]
a. DNA copying leads to more variations in the a. The uterus open into vagina through the cervix.
offspring. The sperms enter through the vaginal passage
b. Sexually reproducing organisms have special during sexual intercourse.
lineage of cells which have only half the number b. One egg (female gamete) is produced every month
of chromosomes as the parent cell. by one of the ovaries.
c. When such germ cells fused, a new individual is
104. List and explain in brief three methods of contraception.
formed with the same amount of DNA as that of
[All India 2013]
parent.
or
101. Differentiate between the following: List any four methods of contraception. How are they
a. Placenta and uterus helpful to young couples?
b. Unisexual and bisexual flowers Ans : [All India 2014]
c. Fertilization and germination Four methods of contraception:
Ans : [CBSE 2014] a. Condoms
a. Placenta and uterus : The embryo gets nutrition b. Copper-T
from the mother’s blood with the help of a special c. Diaphragm
tissue called placenta. d. Oral pills
After fertilization, embryo gets attached to All these help in family planning as it helps in
the walls of uterus. keeping gap between two children. They help in proper
b. Unisexual flowers contain either stamens or utilization of family resources.
carpels. Bisexual flowers contain both stamens
and carpels. 105. Write scientific name for malarial parasite. How
c. Fertilization and germination : The fusion of is fission in amoeba different from that of malarial
male gamete with female gamete leading to the
 parasite? (ii) Use covering on vagina.
Ans : [All India 2013]
110. a.How do organisms reproduced by fission?
a. Plasmodium, b. Write names of any two organisms which reproduce
b. Fission in amoeba produces two daughter cells by this method.
- binary fission. Fission in Plasmodium produce c. Differentiate between the fission of Leishmania
many daughter cells - multiple fission, and Plasmodium.
106. a.Give the functions of the following: Ans : [CBSE 2013]
1. Pollen tube a. Cell division takes place which leads to creation of
2. Ovary new individuals.
b. List any two changes observed in the body of a b. Bacteria, Protozoa.
female during puberty. c. Leishmania — binary fission occurs in a definite
Ans : [CBSE 2013] orientation.
Plasmodium — undergoes multiple fission,
a. (i) Transfer of male gamete. (ii) Production of
female gamete. 111. Give reasons:
b. (i) Growth of mammary glands. (ii) Onset of a. Wind acts as a pollinating agent.
menstrual cycle. b. Variation is essential and beneficial to a species.
c. Use of condoms prevents pregnancy.
107. What is meant by DNA copying? Mention its
importance in reproduction. Ans : [CBSE 2013]
Ans : [CBSE 2013,14] a. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.
b. Helps in evolution and survival.
Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their
c. Prevents fertilization - Barrier method.
DNA. This creates two copies of the DNA in a
reproducing cell. DNA copying is accompanied by 112. What are secondary sexual characters in humans?
the creation of an additional cellular apparatus to Name one such character of male and female.
facilitate the DNA copies to separate with its own Ans : [CBSE 2013]
cellular apparatus. DNA copying gives rise to some
inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction The characters which distinguish a male from female
which is the basis for evolution. are called secondary sexual characters.
Secondary sexual characters of male are moustache,
108. Distinguish between the functions of ovary and testis. beard, thick growth of hair on body, strong muscles
Ans : and harsh voice.
Ovary Testis Secondary sexual characters of female are less hair
on body, broad hips, development of breasts and soft
1. Ovary is the primary Testis is the voice.
sex organ in females primary sex organ
which produces eggs in males which 113. Name and explain the method by which Rhizopus
produces sperms. reproduces.
2. It also secretes hormone It also secretes Ans : [CBSE 2013]
such as estrogen hormone Rhizopus reproduces by spore formation. Method: It
(which imparts female testosterone which is a method of asexual reproduction.
secondary sexual imparts male
characters) and secondary sexual
progesterone (which characters.
maintains
pregnancy).
3. Ovary remains Testis remains
functional up to 50 functional even
years of age. more than 70 years
of age.

109. a.What are sexually transmitted diseases? Name

any one which is caused by bacteria and one
caused by viral infection. Spores are produced in a structure called sporangium.
b. Mention any two methods to avoid such diseases.
114. a.Give the functions of: (i) Stigma (ii) Ovary
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
b. State in brief the formation of seed in a flower.
a. Diseases that spread through the sexual contact Ans : [CBSE 2011]
are called sexually transmitted diseases.
(i) Gonorrhoea or syphilis is caused by bacteria. a. (i) The sticky terminal part of the carpel is called
(ii) Warts, HTV, AIDS is caused by virus. stigma. It receives pollen.
b. (i) Use of condoms on penis. (ii) The swollen bottom part of the carpel is
called ovary. It contains female germ cells
 which form seed after fertilization. they be prevented?
b. After fertilization, the zygote divides several times Ans : [All India 2008]
to form an embryo within the ovule. The ovule
a. Bacterial infections: Syphilis, Gonorrhoea.
develops a tough coat and is gradually converted
Viral infections: Warts, AIDS, Hepatitis B,
into a seed.
Herpes.
115. In the diagram of human male reproductive system b. Spread of these diseases can be prevented by
given below: using physical barrier, avoiding sex with multiple
partners.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

a. Label parts A and B.
118. Name the type of asexual reproduction demonstrated
b. Name the hormone produced by organ “X’. What
is the role of this hormone in human male? by the following organisms:
c. Mention the name of substances that are a. Amoeba
transported by tubes (i) C and (ii) D. b. Rhizopus
c. Planaria
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
d. Plasmodium
a. A - seminal vesicle, B - prostate gland. e. Bryophyllum
b. Testosterone: It controls gamete formation/ Ans : [All India 2016-17]
secondary sex organs/ accessory glands.
c. C - sperms, D - sperms/semen and urine. a. Binary fission
b. Spore formation
116. a.Identify the asexual method of reproduction in c. Fragmentation
each of the following organisms: d. Multiple fission
(i) Rose (ii) Yeast (iii) Planaria e. Vegetative propagation
b. What is fragmentation? Name a multicellular
119. Answer the following:
organism which reproduces by this method.
a. How is zygote formed?
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
b. State the function of placenta in the mother’s
a. (i) Vegetative propagation by stem. body.
(ii) Budding c. At what interval the egg is formed in human
(iii) Regeneration female ovary?
b. Fragmentation is a asexual method of reproduction d. Name two STDs caused by bacterial infection.
in which an organism simply breaks up into smaller e. Why is prenatal sex determination prohibited?
pieces/ fragments upon maturation. These pieces Ans : [All India 2017]
or fragments grow into new individuals. Spirogyra
is the multicellular organism with relatively a. Zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female
simple body organisation which reproduces gamete.
through this simple method of reproduction, i.e., b. Placenta is a special tissue through which the
fragmentation. developing embryo/foetus gets nutrition from
mother’s blood. It also transports wastes of the
117. a.Give one example each of sexually transmitted embryo into mother’s blood.
diseases in each of following cases c. Ovulation releases mature ovum from ‘ the ovary.
(i) Bacterial infections (ii) Viral infections It happens once during a menstrual cycle that is
b. How can spread of these diseases be prevented? for roughly 28 days.
[All India 2011] d. STDs caused by bacterial infection are Gonorrhoea
or and Syphilis.
Name one sexually transmitted disease each caused e. Prenatal sex determination is misused and it may
due to bacterial infection and viral infection. How can be the reason for female foeticide.
120. a. List two reasons for the appearance of variations which when fall on the soil, develop into new
among the progeny formed by sexual reproduction. plants.
b. Cutting: A piece of stem, root, leaf or even a bulb
scale is placed partly under moist soil which grows
into a new plant, e.g., rose.
c. Layering: A part of the stem is pulled out and
buried in the soil. The layered stem grows into a
new plant, e.g., Pudina.
d. Grafting: In grafting, two parts from two different
plants are joined together so that they can unite
and grow into a new plant, e.g., sugarcane.

123. a.(i) Write full form of DNA.

(ii) State the role of DNA in the cell nucleus,
(iii) What will be the after effect if the information
of the DNA is changed.
b. Explain the importance of DNA copying in
b. (i) Name the part marked A in the diagram.
reproduction.
(ii) How does “A” reaches part B?
(iii) State the importance of , the part C. Ans : [CBSE 2016]
(iv) What happens to the part marked D after a. (i) Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.
fertilization is over? (ii) Informational source for making proteins.
Ans : [All India 2016] (iii) Proteins will be changed.
b. Its only due to DNA copying that body designs
a. Sexual reproduction confers new characteristics
are similar because DNA cell nucleus carries
on the offspring due to genetic recombination
information for making proteins if DNA copying
occurring during gamete formation in the sex
will not take place then body design will change.
organs. Moreover it involves union of two gametes
coming from two parents which different genetic 124. List five distinguishing features between sexual and
combination. Thus it ensures more diversity in asexual types of reproductions in tabular form.
characteristics.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
b. (i) Pollen
(ii) Pollination Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
(iii) Pollen tube carries male gametes to the ovule
in ovary. 1. It involves two parents It involves only one
(iv) Ovule turns into seeds. and causes genetic parent and does
variation. not causes genetic
121. Identify the following methods and giving one example variation.
of each: 2. Fertilization/zygote No fertilization/zygote
a. Process in which reproduction takes place by formation is observed. formation is observed.
breaking up of parent into fragments.
b. Process of dividing of organisms into many cells 3. Gametes are formed in No gametes are
simultaneously. both males (sperms) produced.
c. Process of reproduction by formation of bud on and females (ova).
parent body. 4. Meiosis occurs during Meiosis does not
d. Process of reproduction by formation of spores. gamete formation. occur at any stage of
e. Process used by multicellular organisms to reproduction.
reproduce by cutting into many pieces each piece
5. Genetic variation Genetic variation does
forms a new individual.
occurs. not occur.
Ans : [CBSE 2016]
a. Fragmentation, Spirogyra 125. a.Name the human male reproductive organ that
b. Multiple fission, Plasmodium produces sperms and also secretes a hormone.
c. Budding, Hydra Write the functions of the secreted hormone.
d. Spore formation, Rhizopus b. Name the parts of the human female reproductive
e. Regeneration, Planaria. system where
(i) Fertilization takes place,
122. How does vegetative propagation occur in nature? (ii) Implantation of the fertilized egg occurs.
Explain with four different examples. Explain how the embryo gets nourishment
Ans : [CBSE 2016] inside the mother’s body.
There are many plants in which parts like the root, Ans :
stem and leaves develop into new plants under a Testis - secrete male hormone - testosterone.
appropriate conditions. This is called as vegetative Functions : (i) Formation of sperms, (ii)
propagation. Examples of vegetative propagation: Development of secondary sexual characters.
a. Adventitious buds: In Bryophyllum, adventitious b. (i) fallopian tube/oviduct. (ii) uterus.
buds grow in the notches along the leaf margin,
 Placenta is a special disc like tissue embedded (ii) Nourishment of developing embryo.
in the mother’s uterine wall and connected to the b. Placenta is a special disc like tissue embedded in
foetus/embryo. Placenta provides a large surface area the mother’s uterine wall and connected to the
for glucose and oxygen/ nutrients to pass from the foetus / embryo.
mother’s blood to the embryo/ foetus. Placenta provides a large surface area for glucose
and oxygen/nutrients to pass from the mother’s
126. a. Identify A,B,C and D in the given diagram and blood to the embryo/ foetus.
write their names.
128. Differentiate between:
a. Pollen tube and Style
b. Fission of Amoeba and Plasmodium
c. Fragmentation and regeneration
d. Bud of Hydra and bud of Bryophyllum
e. Vegetative propagation and spore formation.
Ans : [All India 2015]
a. Pollen tube forms and male gametes are carried
by it to the ovule.
Style is part of female part- carpel through
which pollen tube passes.
b. Amoeba shows binary fission where one cell splits
into two equal halves.
Plasmodium (malarial parasite) shows
b. What is pollination? Explain its significance. multiple fission where one cell divides into many
c. Explain the process of fertilization in flowers. daughter cells simultaneously.
Name the parts of flower that develop after c. Fragmentation occurs in multi-cellular organisms
fertilization into (i) seed (ii) fruit with simple body organisation like Spirogyra (a
Ans : [Foreign 2015, CBSE 2017, All India 2014,] filamentous alga). It involves breaking up of a
a. A - pollen grain; B - stigma; C - Pollen tube, D - filament into many fragments and each fragment
Female germ cell/Egg cell. growing into new individual.
b. Pollination - Transfer of pollen grains from anther Regeneration is the ability to give rise to new
to the stigma of a flower. individuals from the body parts of the parent
Significance of pollination - Process of pollination individual, e.g., Hydra and Planaria, if their
leads to fertilization as it brings the male and bodies get broken into many pieces, each piece is
female gametes together for fusion. capable of regrowing into a complete individual.
c. After a pollen falls on a suitable stigma, the pollen d. In Hydra, a bud is formed at a specific site by
tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels repeated cell division and develops into a tiny
through the style to reach the ovule in the ovary. hydra.
Here the male germ cell (carried by the pollen In Bryophyllum, vegetative buds arise from
tube) fuses with the female germ cell to form a the notches of its leaves and develops into a new
zygote. plantlet.
e. Vegetative Propagation is the development of new
127. a.Write the function of following parts in human plants from parts like root, leaf and stem under
female reproductive system: (i) Ovary (ii) Oviduct suitable conditions, e.g., Bryophyllum vegetative
(iii) Uterus buds arise from the notches of its leaves. In potato,
b. Describe in brief the structure and function of ginger, garlic etc. it occurs through stems.
placenta. Spore formation: A spore is a special cell
[All India 2018] protected by thick coating. It is capable of
or germinating into a new plant when comes in
Write the functions of the following in human female contact with suitable and environment conditions
reproductive system: Ovary, oviduct, uterus and moist surface, e.g., in Rhizopus (bread
How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mould), they are formed inside reproductive,
mother’s body? Explain in brief. bob¬like sacs called sporangia.
Ans : [Delhi 2015]
129. What happens when
a. Functions of Ovary, oviduct, uterus a. Testosterone is released in the male reproductive
Functions of Ovary system.
(i) Production of female hormone, oestrogen and b. Pollen grain falls on the stigma of flower.
progesterone. c. Egg fuses with the sperm cell.
(ii) Production of female gamete / egg /germ cell. d. A Planaria is cut into three different pieces.
Functions of Oviduct: e. Buds are formed on the notches of leaf of the
(i) Transfer of female gamete from the ovary. Bryophyllum.
(ii) Site of fertilization.
Ans : [All India 2014-15]
Functions of Uterus:
(i) Implantation of Zygote/ embryo. a. The male shows masculine features and attains
 fertility/ sperm starts forming in testis. organism. This is known as regeneration. Hydra
b. Pollen tube forms and male gametes are carried and Planaria reproduce through this process.
by it to the ovule.
c. Fertilization occurs and a zygote forms. 132. a. Identify the organisms A, B and the mode of
d. Three new Planaria will form due to regeneration. asexual reproduction exhibited by them.
e. New plantlets will form from these buds helping
the plant to propagate vegetatively.

b. How will an organism be benefitted if it reproduces

through spores?
c. Mention the two asexual methods by which hydra
can reproduce. Explain briefly any one such
method.
Ans : [CBSE 2013]
a. (i) Bryophyllum - vegetative propagation. (ii)
Plasmodium - multiple fission.
b. Spores are covered with thick walls that protect
them until they come into contact with a moist
130. Explain what happens when: surface.
a. Testosterone is released in males. c. Budding and Regeneration.
b. Pollen grain falls on the stigma of the flower. Budding : A bud develops as an outgrowth due to
c. Egg fuses with sperm cell. repeated cell division at a specific site, these buds
d. Planaria is cut into many pieces. develop into tiny individuals, mature and detach
e. Buds are formed on the notches of the Bryophyllum from the parent to become new individuals.
leaf. Regeneration: Specialized cells divide to form
Ans : [CBSE 2014, 2015] large number of cells and undergo changes to
a. (i) Formation of sperms, change in appearance. become various cell types and tissues.
(ii) Thick hair growth on the face and voice begin
133. a. Identify the organisms in figure A, B, C and D.
to crack.
b. A tube grows out of the pollen grain and travel
through the style to reach the ovary.
c. Zygote is formed (fertilization).
d. Each piece grows into a complete organism.
e. Buds may fall on the soil and develop into new
plants.

131. Define the following processes:

a. Fertilization
b. Menstruation
c. Binary fission
d. Vegetative propagation
e. Regeneration
Ans :
a. The fusion of male gamete with female gamete is b. Identify the life process commonly shown in all
known as fertilization. the figures,
b. Menstruation cycle takes place every month when c. How is this life process .advantageous to the
egg is not fertilized. It lasts for about two to eight organisms? Mention any two advantages.
days and during this cycle the lining of uterus Ans :
slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina a. (A) Hydra (B) Rhizopus
as blood and mucus. (C) Bryophyllum (D) Planaria
c. Binary fission is the splitting of nucleus into two b. Asexual mode of reproduction
daughter cells which can take place in any plane. c. (i) Only one individual is required. (ii) Progeny
It can be observed in Amoeba. is identical like parents (iii) Produced in large
d. When vegetative part of a plant like the root, number (Any two)
stem or leaves develops into new plant under
appropriate conditions, it is known as vegetative 134. a.Draw a diagram of the longitudinal section of a
propagation. flower and label on it sepals, petal, ovary and
e. When body of an organism cuts into any number stigma.
of pieces and each piece grows into a complete b. Write the names of male and female parts of a
Chap 8 : How Do Organisms Reproduce

flower.
Ans : [All India 2010, 2015]
a.

b. Male Part : Stamen; Female Part : Carpel/pistil

135. a.Draw a sectional view of human female

reproductive system and label the part where:
(i) Eggs develop
(ii) Fertilization takes place
(iii) Fertilized eggs get implanted.
b. Describe in brief, the changes the uterus undergoes:
(i) To receive the zygote
(ii) If zygote is not formed.
Ans : [Delhi 2008, All India 2014, CBSE 2015]
a.

(i) Ovary
(ii) Oviduct or fallopian tube
(iii) Uterus or uterus wall
b. (i) It becomes thicker due to development of
blood vessels and glands in it.
(ii) It gets peeled and shed off along with mucus,
blood, dead ovum during menstruation