ATOMIC

STRUCTURES
Ashwani Tyagi
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TOP RANKER SERIES
Cathode Rays
The rays which proceed from the cathode and move away from it at
right angles in straight lines are called Cathode Rays.
Cathode Rays
❏ CR travel in straight line path.

❏ They produce heating as well as mechanical effects.

❏ They carry negative charge.

❏ CR ionise the gases through which they pass.

❏ e/m value is constant

❏ They produce X-Rays when they strike against hard

metallic surface
Cathode Rays
(e/m)CR = 1.76 ✕ 108 C/gm,

Mass of Electron(me)=9.1 ✕ 10 -31

Charge on electron (e-)= -1.6 ✕ 10 -19

Atomic Number of an Element

Mass number of an element

= Number of protons + Number of neutrons

Mass number A

Atomic number Z
X Symbol of the element

and so on.
Atomic Number of an Element
Terms associated with elements

• Isotopes: Atoms having same number of protons

but different mass number.
• Isobars: Elements having same mass number.
• Isotones: Elements having same number of
neutrons (A – Z)
• Isoelectronic: Species/elements having same
number of electrons.
Terms associated with elements

• Isosters: Species having same number of atoms

and electrons.
• Isodiaphers: Elements having same number of
|N – Z| or |A – 2Z|.
• Paramagnetic: Species having non-zero unpaired
electron.
• Diamagnetic: Species having zero unpaired
electron.
Anode Rays
Protons

(1) The actual mass of proton is 1.672 X 10– 24 gram. On

the relative scale, proton has mass 1 atomic mass
unit (amu).
(2) The electrical charge of proton is equal in
magnitude but opposite to that of the electron.
Thus proton carries a charge +1.60 X 10–19
coulombs or + 1 elementary charge unit.
Neutrons
Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particles
Which of the following is not the possible path of cathode rays ejecting
from the surface of cathode?
In an oil drop experiment, the following charges (in arbitrary units) were
found on a series of oil droplets: 4.5 × 10−18, 3.0 × 10−18, 6.0 × 10−18,
7.5 × 10−18, 9.0 × 10−18. The charge on electron (in the same unit) should be
A. 3.0 × 10−18
B. 9.0 × 10−18
C. 1.5 × 10−18
D. 1.6 × 10−19
Coulomb’s Law
Electrostatic Potential Energy
Properties of Charge
Atomic Models
Rutherford’s Experiment
Rutherford’s Experiment
Rutherford’s Experiment

N(θ) ∝ Z2
N(θ) ∝ Ni
N(θ) ∝ 1/ KE2
N(θ) ∝ 1/sin4(θ/2)
Distance Of Closest Approach
Rutherford’s Model Of Atom
Rutherford’s Model Of Atom
• Electrons, protons & neutrons are
the most important fundamental
particles of atoms of all elements
(Except hydrogen)
• Mass number (A) = Atomic number
(Z) + number of neutrons (n)
• RN = R0(A)1/3, R0 = 1.33 × 10–13 cm
A = mass number, RN = Radius of
nucleus
Rutherford’s Model Of Atom

r = distance of closest approach,

vα = velocity of a α-particle
mα = mass of α-particle
q1 = charge on α-particle
q2 = charge on metal foil
Rutherford’s Model Of Atom
Size of the Nucleus
• The volume of the nucleus is
very small and is only a minute
fraction of the total volume of
the atom. Nucleus has a
diameter of the order of 10–12 to
10–13 cm and the atom has a
diameter of the order of 10–8 cm.
• Thus, diameter (size) of the
atom is 1,00,000 times the
diameter of the nucleus.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic Radiations
Properties Of Electromagnetic Radiations
Planck’s Quantum Theory
Polychromatic Radiations
Monochromatic Radiations
Bohr’s Model Of Atom

Bohr’s postulates are based on three basic concepts.

1. Concept of stationary state
2. Quantization of angular momentum
3. Absorption and emission spectra
Bohr’s Model Of Atom

❏ An electron revolves around nucleus in circular orbits without losing any kind of
energy because F centrifugal = F attraction
Bohr’s Model Of Atom
❏ There are infinite possible orbits around the nucleus but electron is
allowed to revolve in those orbits only where, mvr = nh/2𝝅
,n=1,2,3,4…….. mvr= h/2𝝅 or 2h/2𝝅 or 3h/2𝝅 or 4h/2𝝅……...

❏ While revolving in such orbits electron does not lose any kind of
energy,such orbits are called stationary orbits
Bohr’s Model Of Atom
❏ Electron Jumps from one stationary orbit to another stationary orbit by
absorbing or emitting a photon of energy equal to difference in the
energies of the stationary orbit.
Bohr’s Model Of Atom
Calculation of Bohr’s Radius
If the radius of first orbit of H–atom is x Å, then the radius of
the second orbit of Li2+ ion will be
A. x Å
B. 4x/3 Å
C. 9x/2 Å
D. 4x Å
According to Bohr model, the radius of Ne9+ ion in ground
state should be
A. 0.529 Å
B. 0.0529 Å
C. 5.29 Å
D. 52.9 Å
The ratio of spacing between the third and fourth orbit to the
spacing between sixth and seventh orbit of H–atom is
A. 7:13
B. 13:7
C. 16:49
D. 1:1
Velocity of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
Velocity of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
Velocity of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
The radius of two different orbits in a H like sample is 4R and 16R
respectively then find out the ratio of the frequency of revolution
of electron in these two orbits.
A. 1:4
B. 13:7
C. 8:1
D. 1:8
Energy of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
Energy of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
Energy of Electron in Bohr’s Orbit
Bohr’s Model

• Revolutions per sec

Bohr’s Model

• Time for one revolution

Spectra Atomic Model

▪ The image recorded when radiant energy is passed

through a prism or grating is called a spectrum.
Spectra Atomic Model

Spectrum

Continuous spectrum Discontinuous Spectrum

Emission

Absorption
Spectra Atomic Model
▪ Continuous Spectrum:
▪ The spectrum of sunlight where one colour merges into
another without any gap is known as continuous
spectrum. eg: light emitted from incandescent solid.
Spectra Atomic Model
▪ Discontinuous Spectrum:
▪ The spectrum having distinct and well defined lines
with gap (dark areas) is called discontinuous spectrum.

▪ Emission Spectrum

▪ Absorption Spectrum
Spectra Atomic Model
Absorption Spectrum Emission Spectrum
1. It is spectrum produced by It is spectrum produced by
transmitted lighter after emission of radiation. (de
absorption of radiation excitation of electron in a
(excitation of electrons in substance.
a substance)
2. It contains dark lines on It contains bright lines on
the bright background. the dark background.
3. Example: Sodium vapour Example: Sodium vapour
gives two dark lines at gives two bright lines at
58900 A° and 5896 A° in 5890 A° and 5896 A° in
yellow region. yellow region.
4. The spectrum is The spectrum is
discontinuous. discontinuous.
Spectra Atomic Model

Line Spectrum Band Spectrum

1. The line spectrum has The band spectrum has
sharp, distinct well many closed lines.
defined lines.
2. It is the characteristic of It is characteristic of
gaseous atom and is also gaseous molecules and is
called atomic spectrum. also called molecular
spectrum.
3. It is due to transition of It is due to vibration and
electrons between energy rotational changes of
level in an atom. atoms in a molecule.
4. It is given by inert gases, It is given by hot metals
metal vapours and atoms. and molecules.
Hydrogen Spectrum
Hydrogen Emission Spectrum
Name of the Spectral Equation for wave
n1 n2
Series region number

Lyman series 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 …. Ultraviolet

Balmer series 2 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 …. Visible

Paschen Near
3 4, 5, 6, 7 …..
series infrared

Brackett series 4 5, 6, 7 ….. Infrared

Pfund series 5 6, 7 …… Far Infrared

Hydrogen Emission Spectrum
What are the frequency and wavelength of a photon emitted during a
transition from n = 5 state to the n = 2 state in the H2 atom?

A. 430 nm
B. 432 nm
C. 434 nm
D. 435 nm
Calculate the frequency and wavelength of spectral line corresponding to
n = 5 and n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom.

A. 474.6 m
B. 47.46 m
C. 484.6 m
D. 48.46 m
Calculate the radius of Bohr’s 3rd orbit in Li+2 ion.

A. 158.7 Å
B. 1.587 Å
C. 15.87 Å
D. 1587 Å
Calculate the energy associated with the first orbit of He+. What is the
radius of this orbit?

A. 0.2645 nm
B. 0.02645 nm
C. 2.645 nm
D. 26.45 nm
The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. What will be the
ionisation energy of He+ and Li+2 ions?

A. 122.4 eV
B. 12.24 eV
C. 1.224 eV
D. 1224 eV
de-Broglie Hypothesis
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

• According to this principle, “it is impossible to measure

simultaneously the position and momentum of a
microscopic particle with absolute accuracy”.
• If one of them is measured with greater accuracy, the other
becomes less accurate.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

where
Δx = Uncertainty in position
Δp = Uncertainty in momentum
Δv = Uncertainty in velocity
Δλ = Wavelength of microscopic particle
m = mass of microscopic particle
λ = wavelength of microscopic particle
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

• Heisenberg replaced
the concept of orbit
by that of orbital.
Photoelectric Effect
▪ The phenomenon of ejection of electrons from the surface of
metal when light of suitable frequency strikes is called as photo
electric effect.
E = W + KE
Photoelectric Effect

• When radiation with certain minimum frequency (v0

called threshold frequency), strikes the surface of a
metal, electrons (called photoelectrons) are ejected
from the surface.
• Kinetic energy of photoelectron = hν – w = hν – hν0
where w = work function, v0 = threshold
frequency
• If v ≥ v0, then photoelectric effect takes place.
• Accelerating potential = eV = KE = ½ mv2
Intensity
▪ It is the power transferred per unit area. Its S.I. units are
(W/m2). It is used mostly for waves.

▪ The kinetic energy of photo electrons depends only on the

frequency of incident light and not on the intensity of light.

K.E.

Intensity
Values of Work Function (W0) for Few Metals
Metal Li Na K Mg Cu Ag Fe Pt W
φeV 2.4 2.3 2.2 3.7 4.8 4.3 4.7 6.3 4.75
Schrodinger’s Equation
• Schrodinger equation is central equation of
wave mechanics according to following
equation:

ψ = Wave function f(x, y, z)

E = Total energy of particle.
V = Potential energy of particle.
Schrodinger’s Equation

• A Schrodinger equation leads to infinite

solutions.
• Most of the solution are not realistic (or
acceptable). Only few solution can be accepted.
Schrodinger’s Equation

• Each solution - ψ (x, y, z) correspond to a definite

energy state which depends on quantum number
n, l & m.
• By proper mathematical manipulation the main
equation is broken in two parts and solved
spearetely.
(i) Radial part contain only ‘r’, depends on quantum
number n & l.
(ii) Angular part contain θ and φ, depends on
quantum number l & m.
Schrodinger’s Electron – Sine Wave
Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
Principal Quantum Number
Formulae for Wave Mechanical Model
Nodes
The points or planes where
probability of finding an electron is
zero.
No. of radial nodes = n – l – 1
No. of angular nodes = l
Total no. of nodes = n – l – 1 + l = (n – 1)
No. of peaks in vs r curve = (n – l)
Atomic Orbital

• This is a three dimensional space around the nucleus

within which the probability of finding the electron is
maximum.
Degenerate Orbital

• Orbitals with same value of n

and l of same subshell are
degenerate orbitals, which
have same energy.
• For example, 2px, 2py, 2pz etc.
Radial Probability Density

• 4π2R2(r)
• It is the probability of finding electron in the
region between r and r + dr.
Radial Node

• It is zero electron density region. R2(r) = 0 or R(r) = 0.

Nodal Point
• It is a point (r = 0) where electron density is zero.
Nodal Planes
• It is plane by which two lobes are separated and
electron density is zero here.
Nodes in s-Subshells
Nodes in p-Subshells
Nodes in d-Subshells
Quantum Number
There are four of quantum number which are required in
order to explain e– in atom.
• Principal quantum number (n): It determines the size of
an orbitals. Each value of n represents a shell of orbitals.
Possible values of n = 1, 2, 3, 4
Quantum Number
• Azimuthal quantum number (l): It determines shape of an
orbital. Each value of l represents a subshell of an orbital.
Possible value of l = 0, 1, 2, ….. (n – 1)
Quantum Number
• Magnetic quantum number (m): It decides orientation of
orbital in space.
Possible values of m = –l, –l + 1, …. 0, 1, 2, l
Total (2l + 1) values are possible form for each value
of l
Quantum Number
• Spin quantum number (s): It is intrinsic property of an
electron. The electron has two spin states. Possible
values of s = + ½ , – ½ .
Shell, Subshell and Orbitals

Shell (n) Sub-shells (l) Orbitals (m)

1 0 0
2 0 0
1 ±1, 0
0 0
3 1 ±1, 0
2 ±2, ±1, 0
Important Points on Quantum Number
Important Points on Quantum Number
• Maximum number of electron in a subshell = 2(2l + 1)

• Maximum number of electrons in an orbital = 2

• Total number of orbitals in a subshell = 2l + 1

• Number of subshell in a shell = n

• Number of orbitals in a shell = n2

Important Points on Quantum Number
• Radial Nodes = (n – l – 1)

• Angular nodes = l

• Total nodes = (n – l)

• Azimuthal quantum number 0 1 2

3 4
• Name of sub-shell s p d f
g
Radial Probability Distribution Curves

It refers to the radial probability of finding an

electron in a unit volume in an atom at a radial
distance of r from the nucleus.
Calculation of Radial Probability Distribution Functions
Calculation of Radial Probability Distribution Functions
Comparison between 3s, 3p and 3d Orbitals
Radial Probability Density and Radial
Probability Distribution Curves
Radial Probability Density and Radial
Probability Distribution Curves
Radial Probability Density and Radial
Probability Distribution Curves
Various Curves
Various Curves
Various Curves
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
No two electrons in an
atom can have the same
set of all the four quantum
numbers, i.e., as orbital
cannot have more than 2
electrons because three
quantum numbers
(principal, azimuthal and
magnetic) at the most may
be same but the fourth will
be different, i.e., spins will
be in opposite directions.
Aufbau Principle
Electrons are filled in various orbitals
in order of their increasing energies. An
orbital of lowest energy is filled first.
The sequence of orbitals in order of
their increasing energy is :
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p,
6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, …..
The energy of the orbitals is governed
by (n + l) rule.
Hund’s Rule
No electron pairing takes place in the orbitals in a sub
energy shell until each orbital is occupied by an electron
with parallel spin. Exactly half filled and fully filled orbitals
make the atoms more stable, i.e., p3, p6, d3, d10f7 and f14
configurations are more stable.
A single electron in an ion has ionization energy equal to 217.6 eV.
What is the total number neutrons present in one ion of it?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 9
A small particle of mass m moves in such a way that P.E. = –½ mkr2,
where k is constant and r is the distance of the particle from origin.
Assuming Bohr’s model of quantization of angular momentum and
circular orbit, r is directly proportional to:
A. n2
B. n
C. √n
D. None of these
The ratio of the radius difference between 4th and 3rd orbit of H-atom and
that of Li2+ ion is:
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 3:4
D. 9:1

Ans. B
The velocity of an electron in excited state of H-atom is 1.093 × 106 m/s.
What is the circumference of this orbit?
A. 3.32 × 10–10 m
B. 6.64 × 10–10 m
C. 13.30 × 10–10 m
D. 13.28 × 10–8 m

Ans. C
The angular momentum of an electron in a Bohr’s orbit of He+ is 3.1652 ×
10–34 kg-m2/sec. What is the wave number in terms of Rydberg constant
(R) of the spectral line emitted when an electron falls from this level to
the first excited state. [Use h = 6.626 × 10–34 J-s]
A. 3R
B. 5R/9
C. 3R/4
D. 8R/9

Ans. B
If radiation corresponding to second line of ‘Balmer series’ of Li2+ ion,
knocked out electron from first excited state of H-atom, then kinetic
energy of ejected electron would be:
A. 2.55 eV
B. 4.25 eV
C. 11.25 eV
D. 19.55 eV

Ans. D
In a collection of H-atoms, all the electrons jump from n = 5 to ground
level finally (directly or indirectly), without emitting any line in Balmer
series. The number of possible different radiations is :
A. 10
B. 8
C. 7
D. 6

Ans. D
An electron is allowed to move freely in a closed cubic box of length of
side 10 cm. The uncertainty in its velocity will be:
A. 3.35 × 10–4 m sec–1
B. 5.8 × 10–4 m sec–1
C. 4 × 10–5 m sec–1
D. 4 × 10–6 m sec–1

Ans. A
An element undergoes a reaction as shown:
X + 2e– → X2–, energy released = 30.87 eV/atom. If the energy released, is
used to dissociate 4g of H2 molecules, equally into H+ and H*, where H* is
excited state of H atoms where the electron travels in orbit whose
circumference equal to four times its de Broglie’s wavelength. Determine
the least moles of X that would be required:
Given: I.E. of H = 13.6 eV/atom, bond energy of H2 = 4.526 eV/molecule.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Ans. B
At which temperature will the translational kinetic energy of H-atom
equal to that for H-atom of first line Lyman transition? (Given NA = 6 ×
1023)
A. 780 K
B. 1.32 × 105 K
C. 7.84 × 104 K
D. 1000 K

Ans. C
Monochromatic radiation of specific wavelength is incident on H-atoms in
ground state. H-atoms absorb energy and emit subsequently radiations of
six different wavelength. Find wavelength of incident radiations:
A. 9.75 nm
B. 50 nm
C. 85.8 nm
D. 97.25 nm

Ans. D
The energy of a I, II and III energy levels of a certain atom are E, 4E/3 and
2E respectively. A photon of wavelength λ is emitted during a transition
from III to I. What will be the wavelength of emission for transition II to I?
A. λ/2
B. λ
C. 2λ
D. 3λ

Ans. D
Calculate the minimum and maximum number of electrons which may
have magnetic quantum number, m = +1 and spin quantum number, s = –
½ in chromium (Cr):
A. 0, 1
B. 1, 2
C. 4, 6
D. 2, 3

Ans. D
An electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state absorbs 1.5 times as
much energy as the minimum required for it to escape from the atom.
What is the velocity of the emitted electron?
A. 1.54 × 106 m/s
B. 1.54 × 108 m/s
C. 1.54 × 103 m/s
D. 1.54 × 104 m/s

Ans. A
In a measurement of quantum efficiency of photosynthesis in green
plants, it was found that 10 quanta of red light of wavelength 6850 Å were
needed to release one molecule of O2. The average energy storage in this
process for 1 mole O2 evolved is 112 kcal.
What is the energy conversion efficiency in this experiment?
Given: 1 cal = 4.18 J; NA = 6 × 1023; h = 6.63 × 10–34 J.s
A. 23.5
B. 26.9
C. 66.34
D. 73.1

Ans. B
A hydrogen like species (atomic number Z) is present in a higher excited
state of quantum number n. This excited atom can make a transition to
the first excited state by successive emission of two photons of energies
10.20 eV and 17.0 eV respectively. Alternatively, the atom from the same
excited state can make a transition to the second excited state by
successive emission of two photons of energy 4.25 eV and 5.95 eV
respectively. Determine the value of Z.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Ans. C
H-atom is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of λ = 1025.6 Å and
excited atom gives out induced radiations. What is the minimum
wavelength of these induced radiations?
A. 102.6 nm
B. 12.09 nm
C. 121.6 nm
D. 810.8 nm

Ans. A
If the lowest energy X-rays have λ = 3.055 × 10–8 m, estimate the minimum
difference in energy between two Bohr’s orbit such that an electronic
transition would correspond to the emission of an X-ray. Assuming that
the electrons in other shells exert no influence, at what Z (minimum)
would a transition from the second energy level to the first result in the
emission of an X-ray?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Ans. B
An α-particle having kinetic energy 5 MeV falls on a Cu-foil. The shortest
distance from the nucleus of Cu to which α-particle reaches is (Atomic
no. of Cu = 29, K = 9 × 109 Nm2/C2)
A. 2.35 × 10–13 m
B. 1.67 × 10–14 m
C. 5.98 × 10–15 m
D. None of these

Ans. B
The energy of separation of an electron in a hydrogen like atom in excited
state is 3.4 eV. The de-Broglie wave length (in Å) associated with the
electron is:
(Given radius of first orbit of H-atom is 0.53 Å)
A. 3.33
B. 6.66
C. 13.31
D. None of these

Ans. B
If I excitation energy for the H-like (hypothetical) sample is 24 eV, then
binding energy in III excited state is:
A. 2 eV
B. 3 eV
C. 4 eV
D. 5 eV

Ans. A
 Column I Column II
A. Electron P. Negative charge
B. Proton Q. Positive charge
C. Neutron R. 1.6 × 10–19 C
D. Positron S. Chargeless
A. A-PR; B-PQ; C-S; D-QS
B. A-PR; B-PQ; C-S; D-QR
C. A-QR; B-PQ; C-S; D-PR
D. A-PR; B-PR; C-SQ; D-QR

Ans. B
 Column I Column II

A. Thomson model of atom P. Electrons are present in extra

nuclear region
B. Rutherford mode of atom Q. Electron in the atom is
described as wave
C. Bohr model of atom R. Positive charge is accumulated
in the nucleus
D. Schrodinger model of hydrogen S. Uniform sphere of positive
atom charge with embedded
electrons

A. A-PQRS; B-PR; C-PR; D-PQR

B. A-S; B-PR; C-PQR; D-PQR
C. A-S; B-PR; C-PR; D-PQR
D. A-S; B-PQRS; C-PR; D-PQR

Ans. C
 Column I Column II

A. Atomic theory of matter P. Rutherford scattering

experiment
B. Quantization of charge Q. Muliken’s oil drop
experiment
C. Quantization of electronic R. Atomic spectra
energy level
D. Size of nucleus S. Law of multiple
proportions

A. A-Q; B-S; C-R; D-P

B. A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P
C. A-P; B-Q; C-R; D-S
D. A-S; B-Q; C-R; D-P
Ans. D
 Column I Column II
A. K.E./P.E. P. 2
B. P.E. + 2K.E. Q. –½
C. P.E./T.E. R. –1
D. K.E./T.E. S. 0
A. A-Q; B-S; C-P; D-R
B. A-Q; B-S; C-R; D-P
C. A-S; B-Q; C-P; D-R
D. A-P; B-S; C-R; D-Q

Ans. A
 Column I Column II
A. Lyman series P. Visible region
B. Humphery series Q. Ultraviolet region
C. Paschen series R. Infrared region
D. Balmer series S. Far infrared region
A. A-Q; B-S; C-P; D-R
B. A-Q; B-S; C-R; D-P
C. A-P; B-S; C-R; D-Q
D. A-Q; B-P; C-R; D-S

Ans. B
 Column I (Shell) Column II (Value of l)
A. 2nd P. 1
B. 3rd Q. 2
C. 4th R. 3
D. 1st S. 0
A. A-PQRS; B-PQS; C-PQRS; D-S
B. A-PS; B-PQRS; C-PQRS; D-S
C. A-PS; B-PQS; C-PQRS; D-S
D. A-PS; B-PQS; C-PQRS; D-PQRS

Ans. C
 Column I Column II
A. The radial node of 5s atomic orbital is P. 1
B. The angular node 3dyz atomic orbital is Q. 4
C. The sum of angular node and radial node of R. 2
4dxv atomic orbital
D. The angular node of 3p atomic orbital is S. 3

A. A-P; B-R; C-S; D-Q

B. A-Q; B-S; C-R; D-P
C. A-R; B-Q; C-S; D-P
D. A-Q; B-R; C-S; D-P

Ans. D
 Column I Column II
A. Number of orbitals in P. 2(2l + 1)
the nth shell
B. Maximum number of Q. n
electrons in a subshell
C. Number of subshells in R. 2l + 1
nth shell
D. Number of orbitals in a S. n2
subshell
A. A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-R
B. A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S
C. A-S; B-Q; C-P; D-R
D. A-P; B-S; C-Q; D-R Ans. A
 Column I Column II
A. 2s P. n = 4, l = 2, m = 0
B. 2pz Q. n = 4, l = 2, m = –2 or +2

C. 4dx2–y2 R. n = 2, l = 1, m = 0
D. 4dz2 S. n = 2, l = 0, m = 0

A. A-R; B-S; C-Q; D-P

B. A-S; B-R; C-P; D-Q
C. A-P; B-R; C-Q; D-S
D. A-S; B-R; C-Q; D-P

Ans. D
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