Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Calculating Mean and Variance
of a Discrete Random Variable

CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 7
Statistics and Probability
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Calculating Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable
First Edition, 2021

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Calculating Mean and Variance
of a Discrete Random Variable
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was created and written with you in mind on how to calculate the mean
and variance of a discrete random variable. This will also help you analyze real-life
situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for you to better
understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and
beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events and create
statistical measures of your own. From this module, you will also learn how to
determine the value of the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the discrete
random variables, and the purpose of the author for a better understanding of the
story.

Your patience in solving problems here in the module will help you upgrade your
computational skills as it tackles appropriate culture-based situated problems. Your
ability to explain, reason–out, and make a judgment or even decision out of statistical
measures will also be practiced here. The extent of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focused on calculating the mean and variance of a discrete random
variable.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. apply the important concepts of mean and variance of a discrete random
variable; and
2. calculate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is NOT included in the process of calculating the

mean of the discrete random variable X?
a. Identify the correct probabilities for each x value.
b. Multiply each x value by its probability.
c. Get the summation of the product.
d. Get the square root of the product.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the value of the mean of a discrete
random variable?
a. Mean Value is always equal to 1
b. Mean Value cannot be negative.
c. Mean value is equal to the expected value
d. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation are equal.

3. To determine the expected value of the discrete random variable which

processes should be done?
a. Get the squared sum of the difference of each value of a discrete
random variable its probability.
b. Get the summation of the difference of each value of a discrete
random variable and its probability.
c. Get the summation of the product of each value of a discrete random
variable and its probability.
d. Get the square root of the summation of the product each value of a
discrete random variable and its probability.

4. What can we generate if we take the squares of standard deviation?

a. Expected Value c. Probability value
b. Mean Value d. Variance

5. In tossing a coin, what are the possible values of the random variable X?
a. 0 b. 0,1 c. 1, 2 d. 0, 1, 2

6. If the variance of a probability distribution is 2.6 grams, what is the

standard deviation?
a. 1.61 b. 1.16 c. 1.06 d. 1.01

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For items 7-10, refer to the scenario provided below.

Juan is not a very smart student. When he tries to answer a multiple-choice

question, he used to guess everything. Suppose he is taking a quiz that has two
multiple choice questions on it, and that each question has four possible
answers, only one of which is correct. Let X represent the number of correct
answers on the quiz.

7. What are the possible values of the random variable X?

a. 0 b. 0, 1 c. 1, 2 d. 0, 1, 2

8. Which probability distribution is an appropriate presentation of the given

scenario?
a. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.5625 0.375 0.0625

b. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.0625 0.5625 0.375

c. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.375 0.0625 0.0625

d. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.5625 0.0625 0.375

9. What is the expected value of the discrete probability distribution?

a. 0.50 b. 0.40 c. 0.05 d. 0.04

10. What is the probability that Juan gets at least 1 correct answer?
a. 0.0625 b. 0.375 c. 0.4375 d. 0.5625

For items 11-12, refer to the scenario and table provided below.

In a recent Barangay Basketball League, each player went to free throws 2 times.
The number of free throws made by each player is described by the following
probability distribution.

Number of free throws, Probability, P(X)

x
0 0.20

1 0.45

2 0.35

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11. What is the mean of the probability distribution?
a. 1.00 b. 1.15 c. 2.00 d. 2.25

12. What is the probability that both free throws will be out of the basket?
a. 0.20 b. 0.35 c. 0.45 d. 1.00

For items 13-15, refer to the scenario and table provided below

The number of qualified voters living in the household on a randomly selected

Subdivision block is described by the following probability distribution.

Number of qualified voter/s, x 1 2 3 4

Probability, P(X) 0.25 0.50 0.15 0.10

13. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

a. 1.0 b. 1.8 c. 2.0 d. 2.1

14. What are the variance and standard deviation respectively of the probability
distribution?
a. 0.99 and 0.50
b. 0.89 and 0.62
c. 0.80 and 0.88
d. 0.79 and 0.89

15. What is the probability that less than 3 votes will be in any household?
a. 0.25 b. 0.50 c. 0.75 d. 1.00

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 Lesson
Calculating Mean and Variance
1 of a Discrete Random Variable
If you took an examination, do you sometimes think of where would be your
score lie? Would it be below or above the average score? Afterward, you would also
like to know how far you are from the average score. Finally, you would ask yourself
what is the meaning of those locations from the center or mean of the probability
distribution? If you are asking these questions, this learning module is designed for
you.
In this module, we can calculate and solve the average of a discrete random
variable. The term average is the mean or the expected value or the expectation in
probability and statistics. Once we have calculated the probability distribution for a
random variable, we can calculate its expected value. The mean of a random variable
shows the location or the central tendency of the random variable.

In this module, you will understand the process on how to accurately

determine the mean value and variance including the standard deviation of a discrete
random variable. You may find this module as a piece of good fortune in acquiring
brand new learning.

What’s In

Let’s have this first for a review.

The number of COVID -19 patients seen in the ER in any given hour is a
random variable represented by X. The probability distribution for X is presented
below.

P(X)
0.5
COVID-19 Patients
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 X
15 16 17 18 19

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1. Find the probability that in a given hour:
a. exactly 17 patients arrive;
b. at least 16 patients arrive; and
c. at most 18 patients arrive.

2. What is the average number of COVID-19 patients who arrived in the ER in

an hour?

3. Illustrate the mean and standard deviation of the data gathered.

Notes to the Teacher

To be able to arrive in an accurate and similar answer upon
constructing correct table and identifying the correct probability
of each value of x, the teacher must advise the learners about:
1. possible outcomes of the experiment; and
2. sum of the probabilities obtained.

Solution:

1, a. 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 17) = 0.20

b. 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≥ 16) = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.1) = 0.6
c. 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 18) = 0.4 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.1) = 0.9

2. 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 =17

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 3. It shows the hat element spread 3 away from the mean which
implies its variability.
3 3

31 34 37
P(X)
0.45 15
0.4
16
0.35
0.3 18 19
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0 X
15 16 17 18 19

𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥

What’s New

Time to Check

Read and analyze the situation given below:

Mr. Umali, a Mathematics teacher, regularly gives a formative assessment

composed of 5 multiple-choice items. After the assessment, he used to check the
probability distribution of the correct responses, and the data is presented below:

Test Item 𝑿𝑿 Probability 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)

0 0.03
1 0.05
2 0.12
3 0.30
4 0.28
5 0.22

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Based on the data above, observe, analyze and answer the following questions:

1. What is the summation of the probabilities of the given random variable?

_________________________________
2. Why is it that the probability of random variable x less than 1 but
nonnegative value?
3. What is the average or mean of the given probability distribution?
_______________________________________________________________.
4. What are the values of the variance and the standard deviation of the
probability distribution? _______________________________________.

Answer:
1. The summation of the probabilities of the given random variable is equal to 1.

2. The probability of the discrete random variable X lies between 0 and 1, so it

is impossible to have a negative probability.

3. 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋) = 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 = 3.41

4. 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) = 𝜎𝜎 2 𝑥𝑥 = 1.5819

If you are wondering how we came up with the answer for questions 4 and 5, you
will understand everything as we go on in our discussion.

What is It

In the previous module, mean or expected value characteristics had been presented,
even variance and standard deviation of a discrete random variable.

Expected Value or Mean Value is the sum of the products of each possible value of
a random variable and that value’s probability. In symbol,

𝑬𝑬(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = 𝑋𝑋1 · 𝑃𝑃 (𝑋𝑋1 ) + 𝑋𝑋2 · 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋2 ) + ··· + 𝑋𝑋𝑛𝑛 · 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋𝑛𝑛 ) = � 𝑿𝑿 · 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)

So, in what way can we use the concept of expected value to calculate the mean and
variance of a probability distribution?

Using the previously given data, multiply each x value by its probability and add the
results to get the mean (𝜇𝜇 x ) or expected value(𝑬𝑬(𝑿𝑿)).

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 Test Probability, 𝑿𝑿 ∗ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
Item, 𝑿𝑿 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
0 0.03 0
1 0.05 0.05
2 0.12 0.24
3 0.30 0.9
4 0.28 1.12
5 0.22 1.1

𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋) = 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋)

= [(0)(0.03) + (1)(0.05) + (2)(0.12) + (3)(0.30) + (4)(0.28) + (5)(0.22)]

𝑬𝑬(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

So, the answer to question 3 can now be stated. It indicates that the expected value
or mean of the random variable is 3.41.

Now that you have calculated the mean or the average marks in the five tests of
Mathematics. It will be convenient this time to determine the difference in the score
of each item from the mean or expected value. This difference in marks shows the
variability of the possible values of the random variable.

Let’s recall the formula in finding the variance of a discrete random variable x,

𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = � (𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 )𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝒙𝒙)

𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑
𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒙𝒙

Remember that if the value of the variance is small, then the values of the random
variable are close to the mean.

The Standard Deviation of x, denoted by 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 , is the square root of the Variance. In
symbol,

𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 = �𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽(𝑿𝑿) or 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 = �𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 𝟐𝟐

Again, let’s use the same data above, variance and standard deviation of the given
random variable can be presented in this manner. The formula for 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) says to
take a weighted average of the squared distance to the mean. By squaring, remember
that we are averaging only non-negative values so that the spread to the right of the
mean won’t cancel that to the left. By using the expected value, we are weighting
high probability values more than low probability values. So, the table will now look
like this.

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 Test Item, Probability 𝒙𝒙 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿) 𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁 (𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 (𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
𝒙𝒙 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
0 0.03 0 -3.41 11.6281 0.3488
1 0.05 0.05 -2.41 5.8081 0.2904
2 0.12 0.24 -1.41 1.9881 0.2386
3 0.30 0.90 -0.41 0.1681 0.0504
4 0.28 1.12 0.59 0.3481 0.0975
5 0.22 1.10 1.59 2.5281 0.5562
𝑬𝑬(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙
�(𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
= 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓

We can also do this process.

𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = �(𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)

(0 − 3.41)2 (. 03) + (1 − 3.41)2 (. 05) + (2 − 3.41)2 (0.12) + (3 − 3.41)2 (0.30)

=� �
+(4 − 3.41)2 (0.28) + (5 − 3.41)2 (0.22)

𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽(𝑿𝑿) = 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓

The Variance is 1.5819, and the Standard Deviation is √𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 , and it is
equivalent to 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 = 1.26

Therefore, the correct answers for question 4 are 1.5819 and 1.26 respectively.

For uniformity of the answers, expected value or mean and standard deviation are
both expressed into two decimal places while variance is up to four decimal places
to lessen rounding error.

Take note on units:

1. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 has the same units as X.

2. 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) or 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 has the same units as the square of X. So, if X is in

meters, then 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑋𝑋) is in meters squared.

Since 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 and X have the same units, the standard deviation is a natural
measure of spread. In some ways, the standard deviation is the more tangible of the
two measures, since it is in the same units as X.

Let us take this example,

Suppose that a coin is tossed twice so that the sample space is S = {𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇}. Let X represent the “number of heads that can come up”, Based on the
prepared discrete probability distributions of the random variable X below, calculate
the mean, variance, and standard deviation.

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 Outcome or Sample HH HT TH TT
Point
𝒙𝒙 2 1 1 0

Applying the concepts from the activity given above, let us complete the table below.

𝒙𝒙 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿) 𝒙𝒙 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿) 𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁 (𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 (𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)

0 ¼ or 0.25 0 -1 1 0.25
1 ½ or 0.5 0.5 0 0 0
2 ¼ or 0.25 0.5 1 1 0.25

𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = ∑ 𝒙𝒙 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿) = 𝟏𝟏 ∑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝝁𝝁)𝟐𝟐 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓

The expected value or mean is 1.
The Variance is 0.50, and
The Standard Deviation is √𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓0, and it is equivalent to 𝝈𝝈 = 0.71.

We have discovered that the Expected Value E(X) is only the average or mean (µ𝑥𝑥 ) of
random variable X. It's occasionally called a "weighted average" because more
frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the average. It is additionally how
we anticipate that X should behave on-average as time goes on. The mean of a
random variable X is a measurement of the central location of the distribution of X.
If we are summarizing features of the distribution of X, it is clear that location is not
the only relevant feature. The second most important component is the spread of the
distribution.
Again, the variance of a discrete random variable X is defined by

where the sum is taken over all values of x for which P(x) > 0 but less than 1. So, the
variance of X is the weighted average of the squared deviations from the mean μ,
where the weights are given by the probability function P(x) of X.

The standard deviation of X is defined to be the square root of the variance of X.

That is,

Because of this definition, the variance of X is often denoted by σ2x.

In another way around, the standard deviation is the more tangible of the two
measures, since it is in the same units as X. For example, if X is a random variable

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measuring length in cm, then the standard deviation is in centimeter(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐), while the
variance is in 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 .

Remember that with respect on units:

1. σ has the same units as X.
2. Var(X) has the same units as the square of X. So, if X is in meters, then
Var(X) is in meters squared. Because σ and X have the same units, the
standard deviation is a natural measure of spread.

Always remember that the variance cannot be negative, because it is an average of

squared quantities. This is appropriate, as a negative spread for distribution does
not make sense. Hence, 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 ≥ 𝟎𝟎 and 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 (𝑿𝑿) ≥ 𝟎𝟎.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1: Study and analyze

The number of shoes sold per day at a retail store is shown in the table below.
Illustrate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of this distribution.

X 19 20 21 22 23

P(X) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Independent Assessment 1: Fill me in and solve

Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.

Formula to be used:
a. Mean ________________________

b. Variance_____________________

c. Standard Deviation___________
Solution:

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Independent Activity 2: Study and analyze
The number of patients seen in the Emergency Room in any given hour is a
random variable represented by x. The probability distribution for x is:

X 10 11 12 13 14

P(X) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Independent Assessment 2: Fill me in and solve

Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.

Formula to be used:
a. Mean __________________________
b. Variance_______________________
c. Standard Deviation_____________

Solution:

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Independent Activity 3: Study and analyze

Suppose that a coin is to be tossed four times, and let X represent “the number
of TAILS that can come up”. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of
this distribution.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X) 1 4 1 6 3 4 1 1
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
16 16 4 16 8 16 4 16

Independent Assessment 3: Fill me in and solve

Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.

Formula to be used:
a. Mean ________________________
b. Variance_____________________
c. Standard Deviation___________
Solution:

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 What I Have Learned

1. The formula for calculating Mean or Expected value is _______________________

2. I have discovered that the Expected Value E(X) is only the_______________ of
random variable X. It's occasionally called a _______________ because more
frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the average.
3. The variance of a discrete random variable X is defined by
_____________________
4. The standard deviation of X is defined to be the square root of the variance of
X. In symbol it expressed into ________________________________
5. The variance cannot be ___________, because it is an average of squared
quantities. Hence, 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 ≥ 𝟎𝟎 and 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 (𝑿𝑿) ≥ 𝟎𝟎.

What I Can Do

LET’S DO FAMILY PLANNING!

Things to do:
1. Create a short script as if you are with your dream partner in life and you both
talking about Family Planning.
2. During your planning, specify in your decision how many girls (G) and boys
(B) in the family you both want to have. Consider also your random variable
X stand for.
3. After your planning, construct a probability distribution of whatever decision
you had.
4. Based on the probability distribution table, illustrates the following:
a. Mean or Expected Value;
b. Variance; and
c. Standard Deviation.
5. Share your output to the Class Group Chat through Image or Video
Presentation.

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 TASK CRITERIA

Accuracy of the solution 50%

Clarity and content of the script 25%
Originality and creativity of the 25%
Presentation
TOTAL 100%

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What formula is appropriate to use in calculating the expected value?

a. 𝐸𝐸(𝑥𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑝𝑝 (𝑥𝑥)
b. 𝐸𝐸(𝑥𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑝𝑝 (𝑥𝑥)
c. 𝐸𝐸(𝑥𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑝𝑝 (𝑥𝑥)2
d. 𝐸𝐸(𝑥𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥𝑥 /𝑝𝑝 (𝑥𝑥)

2. Which among the list of formulas should be used to solve for the variance
of discrete random variables of the given data above?
𝑎𝑎. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥2 = ∑(𝑥𝑥 + 𝜇𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥); for all possible values of x

b. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥2 = ∑(𝑥𝑥 − 𝜇𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥); for all possible values of x

𝑐𝑐. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥2 = ∑ 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥); for all possible values of x

d. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥2 = ∑(𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) + 𝜇𝜇)2 ∙ 𝑥𝑥 ; for all possible values of x

3. Which of the following statements does not describe the value of the
standard deviation?
a. A small standard deviation (or variance) means that the distribution
of the random variable is narrowly concentrated around the mean.
b. A large value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the
distribution is spread out, with some chance of observing values at
some distance from the mean.
c. Standard deviation is obtained by getting the square root of the
variance.
d. It is obtained by squaring the variance.

4. What can we generate if we take the summation of the product of each

value assigned to the random variable and its corresponding probability?
a. Expected Value
b. Probability value
c. Standard Deviation
d. Variance

5. Suppose that a coin is to be tossed four times, and let X represent “the
number of TAILS that can come up”, what are the possible values of the
random variable X?
a. 0 b. 0, 1 c. 1, 2,3 d. 0, 1, 2 ,3, 4

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 6. Which of the following is the correct value of standard deviation (𝜎𝜎) of a
discrete random variable X if the variance is 2.5754?
a. 1.61
b. 1.60
c. 1.06
d. 1.01

For items 7-9, refer to the scenario and table provided below.

Let X be a random variable defining number of students getting 95 above grade.

X 0 1 2 3

P(X) 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3

7. What is the expected value of X from the given table?

a. 1.3
b. 1.8
c. 1.9
d. 2.3

8. What is the variance (𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥2 ) of the given probability distribution?

a. 1.16
b. 1.18
c. 1.20
d. 1.28

9. Which of the following value is appropriate for deviation (𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 ) of the given
probability distribution?
a 1.02
b. 1.04
c. 1.06
d. 1.08

10. A Grade 11 – HUMMS researcher surveyed the households in Brgy. Quipot,

Tiaong Quezon. The random variable X represents the number of college
graduates in the households. The probability distribution of X is shown
below.

X 0 1 2
P(X) 0.25 0.5 0.25

Find the values of variance and standard deviation.

a. 0.3 and 0.51 respectively

b. 0.4 and 0.61 respectively
c. 0.5 and 0.71 respectively
d. 0.6 and 0.81 respectively

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 11. In the 50 items test, Miss Santos, a Mathematics teacher, claimed that most
of the students’ scores lie closer to 40. In this situation, which of the
following terms parallel to the score of 40?

a. Expected Value or Mean

b. Median
c. Standard Deviation
d. Variance

For items 12-15, refer to the scenario and table provided below.
In her Flower Shop, Vera recorded the probability distribution for the number of
flower arrangements that she delivered each day.

X 7 8 9 10 11
P(X) 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.10

12. What is the probability that she made at least 9 flower arrangements?
a. 0.60
b. 0.50
c. 0.40
d. 0.30

13. What is the mean or expected value of the given probability distribution?
a. 8.5
b. 8.6
c. 8.7
d. 8.8

14. Which of the following is the appropriate value for the variance?
a. 1.55
b. 1.56
c. 1.57
d. 1.58

15. What value corresponds to the standard deviation?

a. 1.25
b. 1.26
c. 1.27
d. 1.28

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 Additional Activities

1. Willie works in an automotive tire factory. The number X of sound but

blemished tires that he produces on a random day has the probability
distribution.

x 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.48 0.35 0.10 0.07

a. Find the probability that Leomar will produce more than three blemished
tires.
b. Find the probability that Leomar will produce at most four blemished
tires.
c. Calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a discrete random
variable.

2. The Land Bank of the Philippines Manager claimed that each saving account
customer has several credit cards. The following distribution showing the
number of credits cards people own.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.18 0.44 0.27 0.08 0.03

Show the complete table of values in calculating the Mean, Variance, and
Standard Deviation.

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 Module 7
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS 21
Additional Activities What I Have Learned
1. 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿 > 𝟑𝟑) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 1. 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = ∑ 𝒙𝒙 ∙ 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿)
weighted average
𝒃𝒃. 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿 ≤ 𝟒𝟒) = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 2. average or mean (µ𝑥𝑥 ) ;
c. μx = 2.76
3.
σ2 x = .8024
σx = 0.90
4.
5. Negative
2. 𝐚𝐚. 𝛍𝛍𝐱𝐱 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝐛𝐛. 𝛔𝛔𝟐𝟐 𝐱𝐱 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
c. σx = 0.96
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. d Independent Assessment 1 1. a
2. d 2. c
3. c 3. d
4. d 4. d
𝒂𝒂. 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑
5. d 5. d
6. a 6. b

𝒃𝒃. 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

7. a 7. b
Independent Assessment 2

𝒄𝒄. 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

8. a 8. a
9. a 9. c
10.c 10.c
11.b 11.a

𝒂𝒂. 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑

12.a 12.a
𝒃𝒃. 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
13.d 13.d
14.d Independent Assessment 3 14.b
𝒄𝒄. 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
15.c 15.b
𝒂𝒂. 𝝁𝝁𝒙𝒙 = 2
𝒃𝒃. 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
𝒄𝒄. 𝝈𝝈𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
Answer Key
References
Gordon, Ian. Probability and statistics: Discrete Probability Distributions – A guide
for Teachers (Years 11–12). Education Services Australia, 2013.
Moore, David S. and McCabe, George P. Introduction to the Practice of
Statistics - Second Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1993.
Malate, Jose S. Statistics and Probability. Vicarish Publication and Trading. Inc.,
2018.
Alferez, Merle S. and Duro, Ma. Cecilia A. MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House, 2012.

Websites:
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-05-introduction-to-probability-and-
statistics-spring-2014/readings/MIT18_05S14_Reading5a.pdf
https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/random-variables-mean-variance.html
https://www.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01910456/Centricity/Domain/4633
/Random%20Variables%20Worksheet%202.pdf
https://www.coconino.edu/resources/files/pdfs/academics/sabbatical-
reports/kate-kozak/chapter_5.pdf

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Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

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