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Symmetrical Components

Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

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53 views

Symmetrical Components

Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

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Bante Tadele
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lecture 5: Short Circuit Analysis-----Symmetrical

zzvzvzvvzvzv
Components

Short Circuit

What is the need for Short Circuit Study?


Order of severity and occurrence of different types of fault

Here the most severe fault in the power system is balanced/


three phase fault and the most frequent is LG fault

2
Symmetrical Components
❑In three phase system we have three sets of sequences
⚫ The three sequence networks are known as the
– positive sequence (this is the one we’ve been using)
– negative sequence
– zero sequence

2
Positive SequenceSets
⚫The positive sequence sets have three phase
currents/voltages with equal magnitude, with
phase b lagging phase a by 120°, and phase c
lagging phase b by120°.
⚫We’ve been studying positive sequencesets
Positive sequence sets
have zero neutral
current

4
Negative SequenceSets
⚫ The negative sequence sets have three phase
currents/voltages with equal magnitude, with
phase b leading phase a by 120°, and phase c
leading phase b by120°.
⚫ Negative sequence sets are similar to positive
sequence, except the phaseorder is reversed

Negative sequence sets


have zero neutral
current

5
Zero SequenceSets
⚫Zero sequence sets have three values with
equal magnitude and angle.
⚫Zero sequence sets have neutralcurrent

6
Sequence Representation
⚫ Any arbitrary set of three phasors, say Ia, Ib, Ic can be
represented as a sum of the three sequence sets
Ia = I 0 + I + + I −
a. a a
Ib = I 0+ I ++ I−
b. b b
Ic = I 0+ I ++ I−
c. c c
where
I 0 , I 0 , I 0 is the zero sequence set
a b c
I +,I +,I + is the positive sequence set
a b c
I −, I −, I − is the negative sequence set
a b c

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Conversion from Sequence to Phase
Only three of the sequence values are unique,
I0a , I a+ , I a− ; the others are determined as follows:

= 1120 + 2+ 3= 0  3 =1


I0a = Ib0 = I0c (since by definition they are all equal)
I b+ =  2 I a+ I c+ =  I a+ I b− =  I a− I c+ =  2 I a−

 Ia  1  
1  1 1 1 1 
 a I 0

 I  = I 0 1 + I +  2  + I −    = 1  2    I +
 b a   a   a     a 
Ic  1  2  1   2   I − 
     a 
8
Conversion Sequence toPhase
Define the symmetrical components transformation
matrix

1 1 1
 
A = 1  2

1   2 
 
 Ia   I 0
a
 I 0
 +  +
 
Then I = I b = A  I a  = A  I  = A I s
 
Ic   −  −
I a   I 

9
Conversion Phase toSequence
By taking the inverse we can convert from the
phase values to the sequence values

I s = A −1I
1 1 1
−1 1 1  2
with A =   
3
1  2  
 

Sequence sets can be used with voltages as well


as with currents
10
❑Vp is the phase voltage and Vs is the sequence voltage
❑So we can determine the phase and sequence voltages
using A and 𝐴−1 matrices

Vs=𝐴−1 Vp

11
Examples
Sequence components: balanced line-to-neutral voltages

12
Example 2

13
Use of Symmetrical Components
Consider the following wye-connectedload:
I n = I a + Ib + Ic

Vag = Ia Z y +I n Z n

Vag = (ZY + Zn )I a + Zn Ib + Zn Ic

Vbg = Zn Ia + (ZY + Zn )I b + Zn Ic

Vcg = Zn Ia + Zn Ib + (ZY + Zn )I c

14
Use of Symmetrical Components

15
Use of Symmetrical Components

16
Networks are Now Decoupled

17
Why Grounding is required?
Briefly describe about the fault limiting devices?
18

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