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General Biology: First Stage Lab 8 Shahad Emad

This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It defines microbiology as the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. Parasitology is defined as the science studying parasites, while medical parasitology focuses on human parasites. A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and may harm the host. The relationship between a parasite and its host can be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism depending on whether it harms, benefits, or does not affect the host. Parasites may live on the surface of a host (ectoparasite) or inside a host (endoparasite). They can infect a single host

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20 views10 pages

General Biology: First Stage Lab 8 Shahad Emad

This document discusses microbiology and parasitology. It defines microbiology as the study of microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. Parasitology is defined as the science studying parasites, while medical parasitology focuses on human parasites. A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and may harm the host. The relationship between a parasite and its host can be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism depending on whether it harms, benefits, or does not affect the host. Parasites may live on the surface of a host (ectoparasite) or inside a host (endoparasite). They can infect a single host

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Iraqi
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General Biology

First Stage
Lab 8
SHAHAD EMAD
• Microbiology is the study of
microscopic organisms, such as
Microbiology bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi
and protozoa.
Parasites

• Parasitology: is the science which deals with the study of parasites.

• Medical Parasitology: is that science which deals with the study of


human parasites.

• Parasite: is an organism that depends in his life on another organism


which is different and larger than it and may inflect damage on it, the
association is called symbiosis, this relationship may be beneficial or
harmful.
• The relationship between the parasite and the host is variable:

• When the parasite lives in its host without causing damage or harm the host, the relationship is
called Commensalism and the parasite is called commensal.

• If the relationship between parasite and host is beneficial for each of them (each of them is
dependable on another e.g. the microbial flora inside the intestine) is called Mutualism.

• If the parasite cause harm to the host, the relationship between parasite and the host called
Parasitism.
• The area of living of parasite may be on:

• The surface of the host, this called Ectoparasite, and the relation is called infestation.

• Inside the host and this called Endoparasite, and the relation is called infection.

• The parasite infect one species of the host is called Host Specific (only human or only animal).
• There are many types nomenclature of hosts:

• Final host, when the sexual stages of parasite live on it.

• Intermediate host, when the larval or asexual stages live on it.

• Paratenic host, when there is no development of parasite in it.

• Reservoir host, when the large number of parasites harboured.


• Transmitter of parasite from one host to another is called Vector.

• If the transmitter (vector) is not essential to the life cycle is called Mechanical, and when it is
essential is called Biological.
THANK YOU

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