VISION AND MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

To be a centre of excellence in Mechanical Engineering, to
provide the best teaching-learning and research environment,
to produce high quality professionals and entrepreneurs to
cater the needs of society.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

M1: To impart quality education that builds strong ethical attitude,
technical knowledge and professional skills by providing
congenial teaching-learning environment.

M2: To nurture the reasoning, problem solving and research

capabilities of learners by providing the state-of–the-art
facilities, to meet the changing needs of society.

M3: To inculcate life-long learning and leadership traits for

successful professional careers, by counselling and mentoring.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES [B. Tech-Mechanical

Engineering]

PEO1: To provide comprehensive knowledge in basic sciences,

mechanical engineering and multi disciplinary areas.

PEO2: To apply modern tools and techniques to design, analyze,

interpret and solve mechanical and allied engineering
problems and communicate them effectively.

PEO3: To impart responsibility towards socio-technical, economical,

environmental and energy related issues

PEO4: To inculcate professionalism, ethical attitude, team spirit and

lifelong learning to achieve career goals.
 Program: B. Tech (Mechanical Engineering)
PROGRAM OUTCOMES [B. Tech-Mechanical Engineering]

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex
engineering activities with an Understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES [B. Tech-Mechanical Engineering]

PSO1: To apply learned principles and knowledge in various applications of materials,
design, thermal, production and industrial engineering.

PSO2: To model, analyze, design, develop and implement advanced mechanical systems
or processes.
 U14ME608 COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS LABORATORY

Course Category: Professional Core Pre-Requisites: U14ME303 and U14ME407

Class: B. Tech., VI-Semester Branch: Mechanical Engineering

Teaching Scheme: Examination Scheme:

L T P C Continuous Internal Evaluation 40 marks
- - 3 2 End Semester Examination 60 marks

Course Learning Objectives(LO):

This course will develop students’ knowledge in/on
LO1: applying the knowledge of fem to construct finite element models using the library of finite elements
available in the software; choosing suitable number of finite elements for the given domain to carry out
analysis.
LO2: using the appropriate type of boundary conditions for the given problem.
LO3: solving the problem using commercially available software (solver).
LO4: comparison of the results obtained using FEA with analytical or experimental techniques.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1 Static Analysis of Bars of constant cross section area.

2 Static Analysis of Bars of tapered cross section area and Stepped bar.
3 Static Analysis of Plane Truss member.
4 Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams of Simply supported beams with point load,
UDL, varying load.
5 Modeling and Stress Analysis of Rectangular plate with a circular hole (Plane stress).
6 Analysis of circular pipe (Axi-symmetric).
7 Thermal Analysis – One Dimensional problem with conduction and convection
boundary conditions for a fin.
8 Thermal Analysis - One Dimensional problem with conduction and convection boundary
conditions for a composite slab.
9 Dynamic Analysis – Determination of Natural frequency.
10 Dynamic Analysis - Modal and Harmonic analysis.
11 Static Analysis using Plate, Shell and Solid Elements.
12 Fluid flow Analysis - Potential distribution in the Two Dimensional bodies.

Text Books
1. N. Nakasone, T. A. Stolarski and S. Yoshimoto., Engineering Analysis with ANSYS
Software, 1st edition, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006
2. Chennakesava R. Alavala, Finite Element Methods: Basic Concepts and Applications, 1st
edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2009.
3. David. V. Hutton, Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, 1st edition, McGraw Hill, 2004.
 4. S. Moaveni, Finite element analysis, Theory and Application with ANSYS, 4th edn., Prentice
Hall, 2014.
5. Chandrupatla, T.R. and Belegundu, A.D., Introduction to finite Elements in Engineering,
2edn., Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
6. ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide.

Course Learning Outcomes (CO):

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to….
CO1: interpret the steps involved in solving a given analysis problem and understand the procedure for
carrying out engineering analysis.
CO2: use the software for doing the analysis and simulation.
CO3: compare the results obtained with other methods of analysis.
CO4: plan to carry out number of iterations by changing the parameters involved in FEA software.

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
U14ME608.1 2 3 2 2 1 - - 2 3 2 - 2 1 1
U14ME608.2 2 2 2 2 3 - - 2 3 2 - 2 2 3
U14ME608.3 2 2 2 2 2 - - 2 3 2 - 2 1 2
U14ME608.4 2 2 1 2 3 - - 2 3 2 - 2 2 3
U14ME608 2 2 2 2 2 - - 2 3 2 - 2 1.5 2.25
 INDEX OF EXPERIMENTS CONDUTED
Experiment Signature /
S.No. Name of Experiment Page No. Grade
Conducted Remarks
 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

INTRODUCTION
Computer-aided Analysis is the use of computer software to simulate performance in order to improve product designs or
assist in the resolution of engineering problems for a wide range of applications. This includes simulation, validation and
optimization of products, processes and manufacturing tools. This course introduces the finite element method and instils
the need for comprehensive evaluation and checking when interpreting results. Engineering is at the heart of modern life.
Today, engineers use computers and software in the design and manufacture of most products, processes and systems.
Finite element analysis (FEA) is an indispensable software tool in engineering design, and indeed in many other fields of
science and technology. In this course, FEA software – “ANSYS” is introduced and the FEA software is accessed to, try
out the exercises where step-by-step instructions are given to carry out various analyses.

Basic principles of Finite Element Method

The basic principles underlying the FEM are relatively simple. Consider a body or engineering component through
which the distribution of a field variable, e.g. displacement or stress, is required. Examples could be a component under
load, temperatures subject to a heat input, etc. The body, i.e. a one-, two- or three-dimensional solid, is modelled as being
hypothetically subdivided into an assembly of small parts called elements – ‘finite elements’. The word ‘finite’ is used to
describe the limited, or finite, number of degrees of freedom used to model the behaviour of each element. The elements
are assumed to be connected to one another, but only at interconnected joints, known as nodes. It is important to note that
the elements are notionally small regions, not separate entities like bricks, and there are no cracks or surfaces between
them.

The complete set, or assemblage of elements, is known as a mesh. The process of representing a component as an
assemblage of finite elements, known as discretisation, is the first of many key steps in understanding the FEM of
analysis. The number and type of elements chosen must be such that the variable distribution through the whole body is
adequately approximated by the combined elemental representations. For example, if the mesh is too coarse, the
resolution of the parametric distribution may be inadequate, whereas too fine a mesh is wasteful of computing time and
possibly the user’s time, and in some cases, won’t even solve anyway. Part of the skill will be in designing and refining
meshes in areas of high interest or concentration of results variation gradients.

After model discretisation, i.e. subdividing the model domain into discrete elements (the mesh), the governing
equations for each element are calculated and then assembled to give system equations. Once the general format of the
equations of an element type (e.g. a linear distribution element) is derived, the calculation of the equations for each
occurrence of that element in the body is straightforward. Nodal coordinates, material properties and loading conditions
of the element are simply substituted into the general format.

The individual element equations are assembled into the system equations, which describe the behaviour of the body as a
whole. For a static analysis, these generally take the form , where, in structural problems, [k] is a square matrix, known as
the global stiffness matrix, is the vector of unknown nodal displacements (or temperatures in thermal analysis) and is the
vector of applied nodal forces (or heat flux in thermal analysis). The equation is directly comparable to the equilibrium or
load–displacement relationship for a simple one-dimensional spring we invoked previously, where a force F produces or
results from a deflection u in a spring of stiffness k. To find the displacement caused by a given force, the relationship is
‘inverted’, i.e. u = k−1 f. However, before the equation can be ‘inverted’ and solved for, some form of boundary condition
must be applied. In stress problems, the body must be restrained from rigid body motion. For thermal problems, the
temperature must be defined at one or more nodes. The solution to the equation is not trivial in practice because the
number of equations involved tends to be very large. Generally the nodal displacement values are solved first; it is then a

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

simple matter (using a computer package) to use the displacements to find the strains and then the elemental stresses, via
the appropriate Hooke’s law and strain/stress (constitutive) relations.

Overview of finite element analysis process – structural simulation

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

Finite element model solution (outline)

The main steps involved in the FEA of a structural problem are:

Pre-processing stage

The component under investigation is ‘discretised’ into an assembly of finite elements in the prerocessing stage, with
particular reference to the following six aspects.

1. Element boundaries should coincide with structural discontinuities.

2. Points of application of forces (and restraints) must coincide with suitable nodes, and any abrupt
changes in distributed loading must occur at element boundaries. (Pressures are applied to the centroids
of element faces.)
3. Nodes should be at the points of interest for which output data are required, e.g. displacements, reaction
forces, etc.
4. The selection of element order (e.g. linear, parabolic, cubic) defines the interpolation or shape function
of displacements between nodal points, i.e. the order of a polynomial in x, y and z directions, and hence
the variation of stress/strain. Furthermore, the element type (e.g. spring, rod, beam, triangular and
quadrilateral planar or shell, tetrahedral or hexahedral (brick) element) needs to be chosen. Often, the
expected behaviour and physical shape of the component being analysed will guide the selection.
5. Boundary conditions (e.g. applied loads, fixed nodes and restraints) and material properties must be
entered. Loads and restraints are often the most difficult parameters to represent accurately, and have a
significant influence on the predictions.
6. Extensive model checks for cohesiveness, clashes, ‘cracks’, aspect ratios of elements, etc., must be
carried out.

Solution stage

The fundamental unknowns to be solved are displacements u, v and, for fully three-dimensional analysis, w, for each
node, with reference to a global frame of reference. Other data such as stresses and restraint reaction forces are calculated
from these solution displacements, via the strains, at a later stage in the computation.

Within each element, a set of virtual displacements is applied and expressed in terms of the unknown displacements of
the nodes. An element stiffness matrix is formulated using a numerical integration technique on the basis that actual
displacements occurring will be those that minimise the strain energy. (This minimising of a functional parameter as
convergence criteria is an example of the calculus of variations.)

The individual element stiffness matrices are then combined to form a global stiffness matrix for the whole body from
which a vast field of linear algebraic equations relating nodal forces, element stiffnesses and nodal displacements are
formed. Boundary conditions are applied to the relevant nodes and the displacements and are then solved using
numerical techniques such as Gaussian elimination, Gauss–Seidel iteration or Cholesky square root methods. For each
node connecting two or more elements, compatibility of displacements and equilibrium of forces are maintained at that
node (although derivatives of the displacement interpolations generally are not continuous across interelement
boundaries). The assembly of the global stiffness matrix and the solution of the displacement equations occupies most of
the processing time.

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

Once a solution for the nodal displacements has been obtained (or in the case of iterative techniques, once satisfactory
convergence is achieved for them all) for each element, the stresses are computed based on the material data entered, the
original element dimensions and newly computed nodal displacements.

Post-processing stage

The results of the solution are given in the form of stress plots (e.g. maximum principal, minimum principal,
maximum shear, von Mises), deformed geometry (i.e. the distorted shape) and listings of nodal displacements (ux, uy, uz).
Picture files can be created to obtain hard copies, or individual programs written to read the results file and carry out
further data processing, if required.

Capabilities of finite element analysis systems

1. Linear static structural capabilities

 homogeneous/non-homogeneous materials
 isotropic/orthotropic/anisotropic materials
 temperature-dependent material properties
 spring supports
 support displacements: point, line, pressure loads
 body forces (accelerations)
 initial strains (e.g. concrete prestressing tension)
 expansion
 fracture mechanics
 stress stiffening.

2. Non-linear static structural capabilities

 material non-linearities (e.g. plasticity, creep)

 large strain (gross changes in structure shape)
 large displacements
 gaps (compression only interfaces)
 cables (tension only members)
 friction
 metal forming.

3. Linear dynamic capabilities

 natural frequencies and modes of vibration

 response to harmonic loading
 general dynamic loading
 response spectrum loading
 power spectral density loading
 spin softening.

4. Non-linear dynamic capabilities

 time history response of non-linear systems

 large damping effects

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

 impact with plastic deformation.

5. Linear steady-state thermal capabilities

 homogeneous/non-homogeneous materials
 isotropic/orthotropic/anisotropic materials
 temperature-dependent material properties
 conduction
 isothermal boundaries
 convection
 heat fluxes
 internal heat generation.

6. Non-linear thermal capabilities

 radiation (steady state)

 phase change (transient).

Results of finite element analyses

It cannot be emphasised strongly enough that while most FEA systems produce vast amounts of data and pretty, highly
persuasive pictures, it is the user’s responsibility to ensure correctness and accuracy. They are, in the end, approximate
models and solutions, highly sophisticated ones, and it is the user’s responsibility to ensure that results are valid.

Results from finite element analysis

1. Typical information generated by a stress analysis

 deflections
 reactions at supports
 stress components
 principal stresses
 equivalent stresses (Tresca, von Mises, etc.)
 strains
 strain energies
 path integrals and stress intensity for fracture mechanics
 linearised stresses
 buckling loads
 buckling mode shapes.

2. Typical information generated by a dynamic analysis

 natural frequencies
 natural mode shapes
 phase angles
 participation factors
 dynamic analysis
 responses to loading
 displacements
 velocities
 accelerations

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

 reactions
 stresses
 strains.

3. Typical information generated by a thermal stress analysis

 temperatures
 heat fluxes.

4. General information generated by a thermal stress analysis

 displaced shape plots

 symbols showing the magnitude of reaction forces, heat fluxes, etc.
 contour plots of stresses, strains, displacements, temperatures, etc.
 vector plots showing the direction and magnitude of principal stresses, etc.

TYPES OF SUPPORTS:

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

BAR OF UNIFORM CROSS SECTION

AIM : To determine nodal displacement, stress strain and Reaction.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file> clear and start new>ok

2)file>change job name>Bar Of Uniform Cross Section>ok

3)file>change title>Static Analysis>ok P=1500N

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences >structural > h-method>ok
PREFERENCES:
i. ELEMENT TYPE >add/edit delete>finite>link 3D
ii. REAL CONSTANTS>add/edit/delete>ok>set 1> cross sectional area 0.00196>apply
iii. MATERIAL PROPERTIES>Material models>structural>linear>elastic>isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 2.1e11
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
iv. MODELING > CREATE> Nodes > In Active CS >
Node Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (0.3 0 0)
[check created nodes: ]
[Deleting nodes : Modeling > delete > nodes (pick nodes)]
v. Elements >Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes
[Check created elements: list > elements > Nodes +ATTR +Real constants]
vi. LOADS >analysis type >New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply >structural > Displacement > OnNodes > pick a node > ALL DOF >OK.
Structural > Force/Moment value (apply load P in Newtons)
[ Plot controls > numbering > node numbers {on}
~ Write Meta file > invert black/white]
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES >Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Plot results >Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > X-component of solution.
List results > Nodal Solution >DOF Result > X-component of solution > Ok

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CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****

LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1

TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0

THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE

GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

NODE UX

1 0.0000

2 0.10933E-05

MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES

NODE 2

VALUE 0.10933E-05

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

STEPPED BAR
AIM : To determine nodal displacement, stress strain and Reaction.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file> clear and start new>ok

2)file>change job name>Stepped Bar>ok

3)file>change title>Static Analysis>ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences >structural > h-method>ok
PREFERENCES:
vii. ELEMENT TYPE >add/edit delete>finite>link 3D
(*Note: create only one element type )
viii. REAL CONSTANTS>add/edit/delete
Set no 1 > area 1000e-6 > apply
Set no 2 >area 500e-6 > ok
ix. MATERIAL PROPERTIES>Material models>structural>linear> elastic >isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Material > New modal (2) >Material models>structural>linear>elastic>isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 100e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
x. MODELING > CREATE> Nodes > In Active CS >
Node Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (2 0 0)
Node Number:3
XYZ Location (6 0 0)
[check created nodes: ]
[Deleting nodes : Modeling > delete > nodes (pick nodes)]
xi. Elements >Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes (1,2)
Elements > Attributes >
Material NO - 2
Real constant – 2
Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes (2,3)
[Check created elements: list > elements > Nodes +ATTR +Real constants]
Plot controls > style > size and shape > on > ok
xii. LOADS >analysis type >New Analysis > static

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

Define Loads > apply >structural >

Displacement > OnNodes > pick a node > ALL DOF >OK.
Structural > Force/Moment value > 1000 at node 2(apply load P in Newtons)
[ Plot controls > numbering > node numbers {on}
~ Write Meta file > invert black/white]
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES >Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok (Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Element Table > define table > Add
Define additional table stress
User labels for Items
Force > By sequence number > SMISE 1 > apply
Stress >By sequence number > LS 1 > apply
Strain > By sequence number > LEPEL 1 > OK
Plot results >Contour Plot > line element > results > ok.
Collecting result =>
Plot controls > window controls > window operations > Min & Max (off) -ok
Numbering > numeric > metal control > SVAL (on) > ok
Line element > result > stress and strain
Strain > line element > result > strain > ok
Contour plot > element table > force > ok > capture
Stress > ok > capture
Strain > ok > capture
Plot results >Contour Plot > Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > X-component of solution.
Result > element table data

LIST ALL SELECTED ELEMENTS. (LIST NODES)

ELEM MAT TYP REL ESY SEC NODES

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 2

AREA ADMS TFLG CV1 CV2

0.100000E-02 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 2 1 2 0 1 2 3

AREA ADMS TFLG CV1 CV2

0.500000E-03 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

STAT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS STRAIN

1 88889. 0.88889E+08 0.44444E-03

2 -11111. -0.22222E+08-0.22222E-03

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 2 2 2

VALUE -11111. -0.22222E+08-0.22222E-03

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 1 1 1

VALUE 88889. 0.88889E+08 0.44444E-03

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

ANALYSIS OF STEPPED BAR WITH TEMPERATURE LOADS

AIM : To determine nodal displacement, stress and Reaction.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file-> clear and start new->ok

2)file->change job name->Stepped Bar->ok

3)file->change title->Static Analysis->ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences ->structural -> h-method->ok
PREFERENCES:
xiii. ELEMENT TYPE ->add/edit delete->finite->link 3D
(*Note: create only one element type )
xiv. REAL CONSTANTS->add/edit/delete
Set no 1 -> area 900e-6 -> apply
Set no 2 ->area 1200e-6 -> ok
xv. MATERIAL PROPERTIES->Material models->structural->linear->elastic->isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 70e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Thermal Expansion -> secant co-efficient -> isotropic -> ALPX = 23e-6 (i.e co-efficient of
thermal expansion )
Material -> New modal (2) ->Material models->structural->linear->elastic->isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Thermal Expansion -> secant co-efficient -> isotropic -> ALPX =12e-6
xvi. MODELING -> CREATE->Nodes ->In Active CS >
Node Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (0.2 0 0)
Node Number:3
XYZ Location (0.5 0 0)
[check created nodes: ]
xvii. Elements->Auto Numbered -> Through Nodes -> pick nodes (1,2)
Elements -> Attributes ->
Material NO - 2
Real constant – 2
Auto Numbered -> Through Nodes -> pick nodes (2,3)
LOADS -> Apply -> Structural -> TEMP

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

Loads -> Define loads -> Settings -> Ref Temp = 20+273
Uniform Temp = 60+273
Loads ->analysis type ->New Analysis -> static
Define Loads -> apply ->structural ->
Displacement ->OnNodes -> pick node 1 and 3 -> ALL DOF ->OK.
Structural -> Force/Moment value ->30000 at node 2(apply load P in Newtons)
[ Plot controls -> numbering -> node numbers {on}
~ Write Meta file -> invert black/white]
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES ->Solution -> Solve -> Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES -> GENERAL POST PROC
Element Table -> define table -> Add
Define additional table stress
User labels for Items
Force ->By sequence number -> SMISE 1 -> apply
Stress ->By sequence number -> LS 1 -> apply
Strain ->By sequence number -> LEPEL 1 -> OK
Plot results ->Contour Plot-> line element -> results -> ok.
Collecting result =>
Plot controls -> window controls -> window operations -> Min & Max (off) -ok
Numbering -> numeric ->metal control -> SVAL (on) -> ok
Line element -> result -> stress and strain
Strain -> line element -> result -> strain -> ok
Contour plot -> element table -> force -> ok -> capture
Stress -> ok -> capture
Strain -> ok -> capture
Plot results ->Contour Plot -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> X-component of solution.
Result -> element table data

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

**** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING ****

STAT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS

1 -65656. -0.72951E+08

2 -95656. -0.79713E+08

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 2 2

VALUE -95656. -0.79713E+08

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 1 1

VALUE -65656. -0.72951E+08

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

BEAM OF TAPERED CROS-SSECTION

AIM : To determine nodal displacement, stress strain and Reaction.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file > clear and start new >ok

2)file >change job name > Static Analysis >ok

3)file >change title > Beam of tapered cross-section >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method >ok
PREFERENCES:
xviii. ELEMENT TYPE >add/edit delete > Beam > 2 node 188
xix. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models>structural>linear>elastic>isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
xx. SECTIONS > Beam > Common Sections
ID 1 ID 2
NAME LEFT NAME RIGHT
B = 60e-3 B = 30e-3
H =10e-3 H = 10e-3
xxi. BEAM > Taper section > XYZ location
ID Default 3 , Name new section: TAPER
ID=1LEFT XYZ > 0 ,0 ,0
ID=1LEFT XYZ > 0.24 ,0 ,0
xxii. MODELING > create > key points > in Active CS
Key point number 1 > XYZ Location > 0, 0, 0 > apply
Key point number 2 > XYZ Location > 0.24, 0, 0 > ok
xxiii. Modeling > create > lines > lines > Straight line > pick 1 &2
xxiv. MESHING > Mesh attributes > Default Attributes >Section number (3 taper)> ok
xxv. Meshing > size controls > manual size > lines > all lines > NDIV number of elements=20
xxvi. Meshing > Mesh > lines > All Lines > Pick line > ok
Changing view : plot controls > style > size & shape >display element >on
xxvii. LOADS > Analysis type > New Analysis > Static > ok
xxviii. LOADS >Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > on Key points >
pick 1 > All DOF >ok
xxix. LOADS >Define Loads > apply > structural > Force/moment > on keypoints> pick 2
FX=100N >ok

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SOLUTION:

SOLUTION > Solve > current LS > OK

POST PROCESSING:

GENERAL POST PROC > Element Table >

LABLE FORCE > By sequence no > SMISC 1 > apply

STRESS > By sequence no > LS 1 > apply

STRAIN > By sequence no > LEPEL 1 > ok

PLOTTING RESULTS:

GENERAL POST PROC > PLOT RESULTS > contour plot >line elem res

PLOT RESULTS > contour plot > Elem Table Data > FORCE >OK
STRESS >OK
STRAIN >OK

LIST RESULTS > Elem Table Data >select force ,stress ,strain >OK

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PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT *** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING ***

STAT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS STRAIN

1 100.00 0.16878E+06 0.84388E-06

2 100.00 0.17316E+06 0.86580E-06

3 100.00 0.17778E+06 0.88889E-06

4 100.00 0.18265E+06 0.91324E-06

5 100.00 0.18779E+06 0.93897E-06

6 100.00 0.19324E+06 0.96618E-06

7 100.00 0.19900E+06 0.99502E-06

8 100.00 0.20513E+06 0.10256E-05

9 100.00 0.21164E+06 0.10582E-05

10 100.00 0.21858E+06 0.10929E-05

11 100.00 0.22599E+06 0.11299E-05

12 100.00 0.23392E+06 0.11696E-05

13 100.00 0.24242E+06 0.12121E-05

14 100.00 0.25157E+06 0.12579E-05

15 100.00 0.26144E+06 0.13072E-05

16 100.00 0.27211E+06 0.13605E-05

17 100.00 0.28369E+06 0.14184E-05

18 100.00 0.29630E+06 0.14815E-05

19 100.00 0.31008E+06 0.15504E-05

20 100.00 0.32520E+06 0.16260E-05

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 17 1 1

VALUE 100.00 0.16878E+06 0.84388E-06

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 20 20 20

VALUE 100.00 0.32520E+06 0.16260E-05

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TAPERED CROS-SSECTION-CENTRALLY LOADED

AIM : To determine nodal displacement, stress strain and Reaction.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file> clear and start new>ok

2)file>change job name> Static Analysis >ok

3)file>change title>Beam of tapered cross-section >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method >ok
PREFERENCES:
xxx. ELEMENT TYPE >add/edit delete > Beam > 2 node 188
xxxi. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models>structural>linear>elastic>isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
xxxii. SECTIONS > Beam > Common Sections
ID 1 ID 2
NAME LEFT NAME RIGHT
B = 60e-3 B = 30e-3
H =10e-3 H = 10e-3
xxxiii. BEAM > Taper section > XYZ location
ID Default 3 , Name new section: TAPER
ID=1LEFT XYZ > 0 ,0 ,0
ID=1LEFT XYZ > 0.24 ,0 ,0
xxxiv. MODELING > create > key points > in Active CS
Key point number 1 > XYZ Location > 0, 0, 0 > apply
Key point number 2 > XYZ Location > 0.24, 0, 0 > ok
xxxv. Modeling > create > lines > lines > Straight line > pick 1 &2
xxxvi. MESHING > Mesh attributes > Default Attributes >Section number (3 taper)> ok
xxxvii. Meshing > size controls > manual size > lines > all lines > NDIV number of elements=20
xxxviii. Meshing > Mesh > lines > All Lines > Pick line > ok
Changing view : plot controls > style > size & shape >display element >on
xxxix. LOADS > Analysis type > New Analysis > Static > ok
xl. LOADS >Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > on Key points >
pick 1 > All DOF >ok
xli. LOADS >Define Loads > apply > structural > Force/moment > on keypoints> pick 2
FX=100N >ok

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SOLUTION:

SOLUTION > Solve > current LS > OK

POST PROCESSING:

GENERAL POST PROC > Element Table >

LABLE FORCE > By sequence no > SMISC 1 > apply

STRESS > By sequence no > LS 1 > apply

STRAIN > By sequence no > LEPEL 1 > ok

PLOTTING RESULTS:

GENERAL POST PROC > PLOT RESULTS > contour plot >line elem res

PLOT RESULTS > contour plot > Elem Table Data > FORCE >OK
STRESS >OK
STRAIN >OK

LIST RESULTS > Elem Table Data >select force ,stress ,strain >OK

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PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

STAT CURRENT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS STRAIN

1 100.00 0.16878E+06 0.84388E-06

2 100.00 0.17316E+06 0.86580E-06

3 100.00 0.17778E+06 0.88889E-06

4 100.00 0.18265E+06 0.91324E-06

5 100.00 0.18779E+06 0.93897E-06

6 100.00 0.19324E+06 0.96618E-06

7 100.00 0.19900E+06 0.99502E-06

8 100.00 0.20513E+06 0.10256E-05

9 100.00 0.21164E+06 0.10582E-05

10 100.00 0.21858E+06 0.10929E-05

11 -0.14992E-12-0.33881E-09-0.16941E-20

12 -0.14484E-12-0.33881E-09-0.16941E-20

13 -0.27952E-12-0.67763E-09-0.33881E-20

14 -0.26936E-12-0.67763E-09-0.33881E-20

15 -0.25919E-12-0.67763E-09-0.33881E-20

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16 -0.12451E-12-0.33881E-09-0.16941E-20

17 -0.23270E-29 0.57118E-24 0.28559E-35

18 -0.24663E-29 0.66677E-24 0.33338E-35

19 0.21853E-12 0.67763E-09 0.33881E-20

20 0.0000 -0.14214E-37-0.71071E-49

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 13 14 14

VALUE -0.27952E-12-0.67763E-09-0.33881E-20

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 9 10 10

VALUE 100.00 0.21858E+06 0.10929E-05

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STATIC ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS MEMBER

AIM : To determine forces and stresses for truss.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file > clear and start new >ok

2)file > change job name > Plane truss member > ok

3)file > change title > Static Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
xlii. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > finite>link 3D finit stn 180
xliii. REAL CONSTANTS > add/edit/delete > ok > 200e-6 > apply
xliv. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
xlv. MODELING > CREATE > Nodes > In Active CS >
Node Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (40e-3 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (40e-3 40e-3 0)
xlvi. Elements > Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes 1&3 then 2&3
xlvii. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > OnNodes > pick a node > select UX &
UY > OK.
Structural > Force/Moment > on nodes > select node 3
FX=500N > APPLY > FY=300N
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Element Table > Define Table >
FORCE > SMISC ,1
STRESS > LS ,1
Plot results >Contour Plot> Element Table > Force or Stress.
PlotCtrls > Window Controls > Window Options >MIN – MAX symbol > off
Plot Controls > Numbering > SVAL Numeric Contour value > on.
List results > element table Data

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PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

STAT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS

1 424.26 0.21213E+07

2 200.00 0.10000E+07

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 2 2

VALUE 200.00 0.10000E+07

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 1 1

VALUE 424.26 0.21213E+07

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STATIC ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS MEMBER

AIM : To determine forces and stresses for truss.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1)file > clear and start new >ok

2)file > change job name > Plane truss member > ok

3)file > change title > Static Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
xlviii. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > finite>link 3D finit stn 180
xlix. REAL CONSTANTS > add/edit/delete > ok > 200e-6 > apply
l. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Material > New modal (2) > Material models > structural > linear > elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Thermal Expansion > secant co-efficient > isotropic > ALPX =12e-6
li. MODELING > CREATE > Nodes > In Active CS >
Node Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
Node Number:2
XYZ Location (4 0 0)
Node Number:3
XYZ Location (2 1.5 0)
lii. Elements > Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes 1&2 then 1&3
Attributes > change material model to 2.
Elements > Auto Numbered > Through Nodes > pick nodes 2 &3
liii. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > OnNodes > pick a node 1 > select UX &
UY > OK.
structural > Displacement > OnNodes > pick a node 2 > select UY
Structural > Force/Moment > on nodes > select node 3
FX= 8000N > APPLY > FY= -12000N
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Element Table > Define Table >

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FORCE > SMISC ,1

STRESS > LS ,1
Plot results >Contour Plot> Element Table > Force or Stress.
PlotCtrls > Window Controls > Window Options >MIN – MAX symbol > off
Plot Controls > Numbering > SVAL Numeric Contour value > on.
List results > element table Data

PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

STAT CURRENT CURRENT

ELEM FORCE STRESS

1 424.26 0.21213E+07

2 200.00 0.10000E+07

MINIMUM VALUES

ELEM 2 2

VALUE 200.00 0.10000E+07

MAXIMUM VALUES

ELEM 1 1

VALUE 424.26 0.21213E+07

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SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

AIM : To obtain shear force and bending moment diagrams of beam shown
below.

SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :

1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > beams > ok

3) file > change title > shear force and bending

moment diagrams >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:

Preferences > structural > h-method > ok

PREFERENCES:

liv. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > beam > 2 node 188 >ok

lv. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear

> elastic > isotropic

Young’s modulus EX= 200e9

Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3

lvi. SECTIONS > beam > common sections > B =0.3 H = 0.4

lvii. MODELING > CREATE > Keypoints >

keypoint Number:1

XYZ Location (0 0 0)

keypoint Number:2

XYZ Location (1 0 0)

keypoint Number:2

XYZ Location (2 0 0)

MODELING > create > lines > St lines > keypoint 1 & 2 then keypoint 2 & 3

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lviii. MESHING > Size controls > Manual size > Lines > All Lines > Element edge line 0.05 MESHING >
Mesh > lines > Select lines 1,2 & 2,3

( List > Elements > nodes + attributes + Real constants > 40 elements are created i.e 20+20)

lix. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static

Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > On keypoint 1 > ALL DOF > OK.

ON keypoint 2 & 3 > UY > ok

( Roller support => displacement along Y= 0)

lx. ( Menu Bar ) PLOTCTRLS >Numbering > Elem /attribute numbers > Element numbers

lxi. LOADES > Define Loads > apply > Structural >Pressure > On Beams > Select 21 to 40 > load Key
2 > Pressure Value at I = 12000

 SOLUTION:

PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)

 POST PROCESSING:

PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC

Element Table > Define Table > add > By Sequence Number

SMISC 3 SMISC 6

SMISC 16 SMISC 19

Plot results >Contour Plot> line Element results >

i) AT NODE I SMISC 6 ii) AT NODE I SMISC 3

AT NODE J SMISC 19 AT NODE I SMISC 16

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STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CIRCULAR HOLE

AIM : To determine stress distribution in rectangular plate with circular hole at centre
subjected to plane stress condition.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > rec plate with circular hole > ok

3) file > change title > Static Stress Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
lxii. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > solid > Quad 4 node 182 >ok
Options > K3-plane stress W/thk
lxiii. REAL CONSTANTS > ADD > THK =0.01 { thickness =10 mm}
lxiv. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
lxv. MODELING > CREATE >Areas > rectangle > BY Centre and cornor
WPX 0
WPY 0
Width 0.2
Height 0.1
MODELING > create > areas > circle > Solid circle
0 0 0.030
Operate > Boolean > subtract > areas > 1>ok 2 >ok
lxvi. MESHING > Mesh tool > smart size > fine 3 >mesh > select rectangle > ok
lxvii. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > pick all left side nodes >ok > ALL DOF >
ok
lxviii. Structural > Pressure > on nodes >select all right side nodes > 200e9 > ok
( List > loads > surfaces > on all nodes )
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Plot results > Contour Plot > nodal solution > Stress > Von Mises Stress > ok

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STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CIRCULAR HOLE USING

SYMMETRIC CROSS SECTION
AIM : To determine stress distribution in rectangular plate with circular hole at centre
subjected to plane stress condition.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS R17.2 APDL on Windows 8.1 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > rec plate with circular hole > ok

3) file > change title > Static Stress Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
lxix. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > solid > Quad 4 node 182 >ok
Options > K3-plane stress W/thk
lxx. REAL CONSTANTS > ADD > THK =0.01 { thickness =10 mm}
lxxi. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
lxxii. MODELING > CREATE >Areas > rectangle > BY Two Corners
WPX 0
WPY 0
Width 0.1
Height 0.05
MODELING > create > areas > circle > Solid circle
0 0 0.030
Operate > Boolean > subtract > areas > 1>ok 2 >ok
lxxiii. MESHING > Mesh tool > smart size > fine 3 >mesh > select rectangle > ok
lxxiv. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > Symmetric B.C. > on lines > Pick left
edge and bottom edge >ok > ALL DOF > ok
lxxv. Structural > Pressure > on nodes > Select all right edge nodes > 200e6 > ok
( List > loads > surfaces > on all nodes )
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Plot results > Contour Plot > nodal solution > Stress > Von Mises Stress > ok

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ANALYSIS OF AXI SYMMETRIC SOLID

AIM : To determine stress distribution in circular pipe subjected to plane stress condition.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > circular pipe subjected to plain strain > ok

3) file > change title > Analysis of axi-symmetric solid >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
lxxvi. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > solid
> axi-symmetric 272 >ok
Options > K2- axi-symmetric
> k6- mixed u/p
lxxvii. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 70e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
lxxviii. SECTIONS > axis > add > ID = 1 > ok > V5 =25 .
lxxix. MODELING > CREATE >Areas > rectangle > BY Centre and cornor
WPX 0.075 WPX 0
WPY 0 WPY 0.175
Width 0.025 Width 0.075
Height 0.2 Height 0.025
lxxx. MODELING > Operate > Boolean > add > areas > 1 & 2 > ok
lxxxi. MESHING > Mesh tool > size controls > areas > set > edge length = 0.005.
Mesh tool > mesh > select area > ok
[ plot ctrls > style > size & shape > display of element = on ]
lxxxii. LOADS > analysis type > New Analysis > static
Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > on lines> pick bottom horizontal and top
vertical edges > ok > ALL DOF > ok
Pressure > on lines > 500e6 >ok
lxxxiii. Structural > Pressure > on nodes >select all right side nodes > 200e9 > ok
( List > loads > surfaces > on all nodes )
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > static.
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
Plot results > Deformed shape > deformed + undeformed.
Plot results > Contour Plot > nodal solution > Stress > Von Mises Stress > ok

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS – MODAL ANALYSIS

Determination of natural frequency

AIM : To determine the natural frequencies of given system and develop mode shapes for
corresponding frequencies.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > Modal analysis

& Natural Frequencies > ok

3) file > change title > Dynamic Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
lxxxiv. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > beam > 2 node 188 >ok
lxxxv. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Density = 7800
lxxxvi. SECTIONS > beam > common sections > B =0.1 H = 0.1
lxxxvii. MODELING > CREATE > Keypoints > in active Cs
keypoint Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
keypoint Number:2
XYZ Location (1 0 0)
MODELING > create > lines > St lines > Pick keypoint 1 & 2 >ok
lxxxviii. MESHING > mesh tools > Size controls > Lines > Pick line > No. of Element divisions = 100
MESHING > Mesh tools > mesh >Pick lines > ok.
( List > Elements > nodes + attributes + Real constants > 40 elements are created i.e 20+20)
lxxxix. LOADS > Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > On keypoint 1 > ALL DOF >
OK.
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > Modal.
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > analysis options >
No. of modes to extract = 6
NMODE No. of modes to expand = 6
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > GENERAL POST PROC
READ RESULTS > By Pick > read
Plot results > Deformed Shapes > Deformed + Undeformed > ok

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PlotCtrls > Animate > Mode Shapes > Deformed + Undeformed

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DYNAMIC - HARMONIC ANALYSIS

AIM : To plot displacement amplitude for given mechanical systems as a function of
frequency, subjected to cyclic load.
SOFTWARE : ANSYS 14.0 APDL on Windows 7 platform.

PROCEDURE :
1) file > clear and start new >ok

2) file > change job name > cantilever beam > ok

3) file > change title > Harmonic Analysis >ok

 PREPROCESSOR:
Preferences > structural > h-method > ok
PREFERENCES:
xc. ELEMENT TYPE > add/edit delete > beam > 2 node 188 >ok
xci. MATERIAL PROPERTIES > Material models > structural > linear
> Elastic > isotropic
Young’s modulus EX= 200e9
Poisons ratio PRXY=0.3
Density = 7800
xcii. SECTIONS > beam > common sections > B =0.1 H = 0.1
xciii. MODELING > CREATE > Keypoints > in active Cs
keypoint Number:1
XYZ Location (0 0 0)
keypoint Number:2
XYZ Location (1 0 0)
MODELING > create > lines > St Lines > Pick keypoint 1 & 2 >ok
xciv. MESHING > mesh tools > Size controls > Lines > Pick line > No. of Element divisions = 100
MESHING > Mesh tools > mesh > Pick lines > ok.
xcv. LOADS > Define Loads > apply > structural > Displacement > on keypoint 1 > ALL DOF >
OK.
Structural > Force/Moment > on nodes > select node 2 > FY = -100 N > ok.
 SOLUTION:
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > Harmonic > ok.
PREFERENCES > solution > analysis > new analysis > analysis options > ok > ok.
Load step options > time / frequency > frequency substeps
Frequency range > 0 to 100
Number of steps > 100 stepped
Load step options > time / frequency > Damping > Contact Damping ratio > 0.01
Solution > Solve > Current LS
Ok-ok ( Result: Solution done)
 POST PROCESSING:
PREFERENCES > Time Hist Post Proc > + > Nodal Solution.
DOF Solution > Y – Component of Solution > Pick node 2 > ok
Click graph and list data icons.

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CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH VI – SEMESTER, MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPARTMENT, KITSW

***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING ***** ***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING *****

FREQ 2 UY FREQ 2 UY
UY_2 UY_2
AMPLITUDE PHASE AMPLITUDE PHASE
1.0000 0.201529E-04 178.854 20.000 0.214131E-04 178.782
2.0000 0.201618E-04 178.854 21.000 0.215518E-04 178.774
3.0000 0.201767E-04 178.853 22.000 0.216994E-04 178.766
4.0000 0.201975E-04 178.852 23.000 0.218560E-04 178.757
5.0000 0.202244E-04 178.850 24.000 0.220221E-04 178.747
6.0000 0.202573E-04 178.848 25.000 0.221980E-04 178.737
7.0000 0.202964E-04 178.846 26.000 0.223842E-04 178.727
8.0000 0.203416E-04 178.843 27.000 0.225811E-04 178.716
9.0000 0.203932E-04 178.840 28.000 0.227893E-04 178.704
10.000 0.204511E-04 178.837 29.000 0.230092E-04 178.691
11.000 0.205156E-04 178.833 30.000 0.232415E-04 178.678
12.000 0.205866E-04 178.829 31.000 0.234868E-04 178.664
13.000 0.206644E-04 178.825 32.000 0.237458E-04 178.649
14.000 0.207492E-04 178.820 33.000 0.240192E-04 178.633
15.000 0.208409E-04 178.815 34.000 0.243078E-04 178.617
16.000 0.209400E-04 178.809 35.000 0.246126E-04 178.599
17.000 0.210465E-04 178.803 36.000 0.249345E-04 178.581
18.000 0.211607E-04 178.797 37.000 0.252746E-04 178.561
19.000 0.212828E-04 178.790 38.000 0.256341E-04 178.540

***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING ***** ***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING *****

FREQ 2 UY FREQ 2 UY
UY_2 UY_2
AMPLITUDE PHASE AMPLITUDE PHASE
39.000 0.260142E-04 178.518 58.000 0.405187E-04 177.678
40.000 0.264163E-04 178.495 59.000 0.420190E-04 177.590
41.000 0.268421E-04 178.471 60.000 0.436652E-04 177.494
42.000 0.272932E-04 178.445 61.000 0.454787E-04 177.388
43.000 0.277715E-04 178.417 62.000 0.474856E-04 177.271
44.000 0.282791E-04 178.388 63.000 0.497177E-04 177.141
45.000 0.288185E-04 178.357 64.000 0.522138E-04 176.995
46.000 0.293921E-04 178.324 65.000 0.550229E-04 176.831
47.000 0.300029E-04 178.288 66.000 0.582062E-04 176.645
48.000 0.306541E-04 178.251 67.000 0.618424E-04 176.432
49.000 0.313496E-04 178.210 68.000 0.660340E-04 176.186
50.000 0.320933E-04 178.167 69.000 0.709166E-04 175.900
51.000 0.328901E-04 178.121 70.000 0.766740E-04 175.562
52.000 0.337452E-04 178.071 71.000 0.835613E-04 175.158
53.000 0.346649E-04 178.018 72.000 0.919430E-04 174.665
54.000 0.356560E-04 177.960 73.000 0.102359E-03 174.052
55.000 0.367268E-04 177.898 74.000 0.115641E-03 173.269
56.000 0.378866E-04 177.831 75.000 0.133146E-03 172.234
57.000 0.391463E-04 177.757 76.000 0.157228E-03 170.807

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 CAA LAB, B.TECH. VI – SEMESTER, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, KITSW

***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING *****

FREQ 2 UY
UY_2
AMPLITUDE PHASE
77.000 0.192357E-03 168.714
78.000 0.248051E-03 165.361
79.000 0.348072E-03 159.198
80.000 0.562844E-03 144.891
81.000 0.958307E-03 101.259
82.000 0.677003E-03 43.9461
83.000 0.390164E-03 23.6170
84.000 0.263640E-03 15.7344
85.000 0.196969E-03 11.7106
86.000 0.156411E-03 9.29280
87.000 0.129279E-03 7.68520
88.000 0.109900E-03 6.54101
89.000 0.953836E-04 5.68599
90.000 0.841133E-04 5.02329
91.000 0.751144E-04 4.49488
92.000 0.677661E-04 4.06391
93.000 0.616543E-04 3.70586
94.000 0.564926E-04 3.40378
95.000 0.520764E-04 3.14560

***** ANSYS POST26 VARIABLE LISTING *****

FREQ 2 UY
UY_2
AMPLITUDE PHASE
96.000 0.482560E-04 2.92248
97.000 0.449189E-04 2.72781
98.000 0.419795E-04 2.55654
99.000 0.393712E-04 2.40474
100.00 0.370413E-04 2.26932

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