Science 8 Quarter 3 - Module 7: The Periodic Table of Elements

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ___________

Grade Level/Section: ____________________ Date: ____________

What I Need To Know

Scientists have always searched for patterns, regularities, and symmetries in
nature. If a pattern can be discovered, information and data can be arranged and
organized in ways that will make it more understandable, meaningful, and useful. An
excellent example of this is the periodic table. In this module, you will learn that elements
were arranged in the periodic table in rows and columns according to increasing atomic
numbers. This arrangement was based on properties of elements that were found to be
repeated regularly. The properties were recurring periodically. Hence, patterns in the
properties are observed.
This module will provide you with information and simple activities that will help you
understand the modern periodic table of elements in such a way that information about
the elements and the compounds they form are easily revealed.
After going through this module, you are expected to use the periodic table to predict
the chemical behavior of an element (S8MT- IIIij-12). Specifically, you will identify the
elements in the periodic table based on their chemical properties.

What’s In

In Grade 7 you have learned that an element is a pure substance and that an
atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an
element. For example, one gold atom has all of the properties of gold in that it is a
solid metal at room temperature. A gold coin is simply a very large number of gold
atoms molded into the shape of a coin and containing small amounts of other
elements known as impurities. Gold atoms cannot be broken down into anything
smaller while still retaining the properties of gold.

In the previous modules, you also learned that these elements are conveniently
arranged for us in a periodic table, allowing us to learn more about its physical and
chemical behavior. This module will provide you information on how elements are
arranged in a periodic table.

Activity 1. The PT Puzzler

Direction: Read the clues and fill in the correct answer.

Across
2. most of the elements to the left of the table
3. element; atomic number = 1
5. column of chemical elements
Down
1. row of chemical elements
2. metal with symbol Mg
3. salt-formers (Cl, F, Br)

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4. the gases: He, Ne, Xe

What’s New
Activity 2. Decoding the message
Direction: Arrange the numbers in descending order to reveal the correct word. Write the
word on the space provided.

50 12 56 52 40 31 44 42 26
A N S L M N T E O
________________________________

D A L S O M T L E I
56 20 28 61 31 5 13 28 8 42
__________________________________

Activity 3. Mark My Words!

Direction: Using a crayon, search and mark the five concepts related to the periodic table.

[transition – representative – metals – non-metals – metalloids]

B C E F G K L E W N M C B N
T S D M H J K Z V H E I L O
R E P R E S E N T A T I V E
A Q D F V T B I D O A R E T
N S E G W T A H K E L A B I
S E R Q Y U J L I T L I P S
I V N E T H A T S L O B E S
T R Y I N G H U T R I K I P
I W T U L P I G T U D L O R
O T T E R P L E T U S P R I
N O N M E T A L S T U B I G

What is It
The modern periodic table is considered as a catalog of all of the atoms
known in the universe. Thanks to the brilliant Russian chemist and inventor Dmitri
Ivanovich Mendeleev, who initially made it easy for us to predict the physical and chemical
behavior of an element when he published his version of the periodic table in 1869 (Figure
1). He meticulously arranged the elements based on increasing atomic weight and had it in
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a readable format. There was a predictive power in his table - based on the periodic law,
Mendeleev believed that more elements would be discovered someday. He left spaces in his
table where the elements would be placed once they had been discovered.

Figure 1. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_CHEM_330_-
_Adventures_in_Chemistry_(Alviar-Agnew)/02%3A_Atoms/2.05%3A_Mendeleev_and_Periodic_Table

In 1913, it was revised by Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley, an English physicist

who discovered that atomic number is the most fundamental property of an element
and not its atomic mass (Figure 2). This was based on his discovery that the
frequencies of X-ray emitted from elements followed the atomic number and not the
atomic weight.

Figure 2. Moseley’s Periodic Table

Source: http://nagamurthy.weebly.com/henry-moseley.html

Periods and Groups

In a modern periodic table, elements are arranged from left to right and top
to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. A single horizontal row in the
periodic table, as shown in figure 3, is called a period. A period is a row of elements
in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably. The rows
or periods are labeled 1-7. Period 1, the first period at the top of the table, contains
only the elements H and He. The second period, which is the second row of
elements, contains Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, and Ne.
The top to the bottom (vertical) arrangement of the elements also holds
significance in the compilation of elements in the periodic table. Each vertical
column represents a group or family that has elements with similar physical and
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 chemical properties. As you can see in figure 3, the periodic table has 18 columns
of elements. Below is the complete list of groups and their special names.

Group Number Group Name

1A or 1 Alkali metals
2A or 2 Alkaline earth metals
3A or 13 Boron Family
4A or 14 Carbon Family
5A or 15 Nitrogen Family
6A or 16 Oxygen Family
7A or 17 Halogen Family
8A or 18 Noble gases

Alkali Metals
These are the elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr. They are all metals,
extremely soft metals, which can be cut with a butter knife. Alkali metals are
very abundant in nature. They share many similar chemical and physical
properties; for example, they have low densities and low melting and boiling
points.

Alkaline Earth Metals

These are the elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. These are very
reactive elements that have similar chemical behavior during the formation of
molecules and compounds. Many compounds in this group are insoluble in
water.

Halogens
These are the elements F, Cl, Br, I, and At. These elements are known to be salt-
forming.

Noble gases
These are the most stable of the elements (non-reactive), which include He, Ne, Ar,
Kr, Xe, and Rn. Noble gases share properties like high densities, high melting
points, colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

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 Figure 3. The Periods and Groups in a Periodic Table
Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/transition-metal

Representative and Transition Elements

The periodic table can also be divided into sections, as shown in figure 4. One
section consists of the first two groups, Groups 1 and 2, and the elements in
Groups 13–18. These eight groups are the representative elements. They include
metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Representative elements are also known as
“group A elements” or “main group elements.”
The elements in Groups 3–12 are transition elements. They are all metals.
Some transition elements, called the inner transition elements, are placed below the
main table. These elements are called the lanthanide and actinide series because
one series follows the element lanthanum, element 57, and the other series follows
actinium, element 89.

Figure 4. Representative and Transition Elements

Source: https://www.toppr.com/content/concept/representative-elements-
252168/

Metals, Metalloids and Non-Metals

The metalloid group separates the metals from non-metals. As the name
suggests, a metalloid is an element that shares some properties with metals and
some with non-metals. These elements also are called semimetals.
In the periodic table, the metalloids are those elements on a zigzag line
(sometimes referred to as the periodic staircase) that begins below Boron (B) and
extends between Bismuth (Bi) and Polonium (Po) or down between Livermorium (Lv)
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 and Tennessine (Ts) (figure 4). Elements to the left of the periodic staircase are the
metals, and non-metals are to the right. They are malleable, ductile, good
conductors of heat and electricity, solid at room temperature (except for Mercury),
and they have a high luster (they are shiny). Metals make up most of the elements
in the periodic table. The exception is the element Hydrogen. Hydrogen has the
properties of a nonmetal at normal temperature and pressures and an alkali metal
under extremely high pressure.
Non-metals are usually gases, brittle solids at room temperature (except for
Bromine), have a low luster and poor conductors of heat and electricity. There are
only 17 non-metals, but they include many elements that are essential for life—
Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Iodine.

Figure 4. Representative and Transition Elements

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/349310514848569679/

What’s More

Activity 4: My Location!
Direction: Using the periodic table below (figure 5), identify the element that is specified
in each of the items.

1. The element in period 5, group 10

2. The element in period 4, group 15
3. The element in period 3, group 2
4. The element in period 5, group 18 period 5
5. The element in period 4, group 13

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 Figure 5. The Periodic Table of Elements
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/mNAxTNFqUq6gXCYn

Activity 5: Color-coding!

Figure 6. The Periodic Table

Source: http://www.tcschools.org/userfiles/62/Classes/1213/periodic-table-coloring-and-questions1.pdf?id=2154

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 Assessment
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

1. What do you call the vertical columns of elements in the periodic table?
A. Groups C. Representative elements
B. Periods D. Transition elements
2. Which three elements are likely to have similar chemical and physical properties?
A. Potassium, Lithium and Barium
B. Silicon, Carbon and Phosphorus
C. Platinum, Copper and Palladium
D. Rubidium, Lithium and Cesium
3. Which group of elements best conducts electricity?
A. Metal C. Metalloid
B. Non-metal D. Noble gas
4. Several groups in the periodic table of elements contain only metals. Which group includes
only non-metals?
A. Group 1 C. Group 2
B. Group 12 D. Group 18
5. What element is in group 10 period 5?
A. Hydrogen C. Palladium
B. Nickel D. Chlorine
6. What is the term for metals, metalloids, and non-metals in groups 1, 2, 13-18?
A. Representative elements C. Alkali metals
B. Transition elements D. Noble gases
7. Carbon is one of the most important elements of living things because it can form different
essential compounds. Which of the following choices places carbon in the correct category?
A. Period 14, group 2, representative element, metalloid
B. Period 2, group 4A, representative element, non-metal
C. Period 4A, group 14, transition element, metal
D. Period 1, group 4B, representative element, non-metal
8. A research assistant was tasked to observe the reaction of element X with oxygen. So far, what
she knew about element X is that it exists as a gas at room temperature, colorless and
odorless. After 7 hours of observation, the research assistant concludes that element X does
not react with oxygen. From which group would element X be more likely from?
A. 16 C. 18 B. 15 D. 17
9. Which of the following groups of elements does not represent a family?
A. As, Se, Br, Kr C. Cr, Mo, W, Sg
B. N, P, Sb, Bi D. B, Al, Ga, In
10. What do you call an element that shares some properties with metals and some with
nonmetals?
A. Metalloids C. Metals
B. Nonmetals D. Transition metals

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Answer Key Gr8Q3 Module 7
Noble Gases
Activity 1. The PT Puzzler Halogens
Across metals
1. Metals Transition
2. Hydrogen Metals
3. Family Alkali Earth
Down Alkali Metals
1. Period Non metals
2. Magnesium Metalloids
3. Halogens Metals
4. Noble Periods
Activity 2. Decoding the Groups
Message 18 , 7
1. Nonmetals Californium Activity 3. Mark my Words!
2. Metalloids Aluminum
Activity 4. My Location! Sodium,
1. Palladium (Pd) Sulfur,
2. Arsenic (As) Radon A
3. Magnesium (Mg) Germanium A
4. Xenon (Xe) Activity 8. Fast Find!
5. Gallium (Ga)
C
Activity 7. I Got You! B
1. 4,2, alkali Earth metal, A
representative, metal C
2. 4,1. Alkali metal, D
representative, metal A
3. 4, 12, transition metal, D
transition, transition A
4. 4,16, Oxygen group,
ASSESSMENT
representative, non-metal
5. 3, 12, alkali earth metal,
representative, metal

Activity 6: Find Me!

Activity 4. Color Coding

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