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Shaft Design

This document discusses shaft design and analysis. A shaft transmits power between a power source and machines. It carries machine parts like gears and bearings and is subjected to both twisting and bending loads. The document provides an example analysis of a motor shaft. It calculates the torque and bending moment acting on the shaft based on the given motor specifications. It then determines the diameter of the shaft needed to withstand these stresses using strength of materials equations.

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tsega melke
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© © All Rights Reserved
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109 views

Shaft Design

This document discusses shaft design and analysis. A shaft transmits power between a power source and machines. It carries machine parts like gears and bearings and is subjected to both twisting and bending loads. The document provides an example analysis of a motor shaft. It calculates the torque and bending moment acting on the shaft based on the given motor specifications. It then determines the diameter of the shaft needed to withstand these stresses using strength of materials equations.

Uploaded by

tsega melke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shaft design

A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another. The power is
delivered to the shaft by some tangential force and the resultant torque (or twisting moment) set up within the shaft
permits the power to be transferred to various machines linked up to the shaft. In order to transfer the power from
one shaft to another, the various members such as pulleys, gears etc., are mounted on it. These members along with
the forces exerted upon them causes the shaft to bend. In other words, we may say that a shaft is used for the
transmission of torque and bending moment.
The standard sizes of transmission shafts are: 25 mm to 60 mm with 5 mm steps; 60 mm to 110 mm with 10 mm
steps; 110 mm to 140 mm with 15 mm steps; and 140 mm to 500 mm with 20 mm steps (Gupta and Khurmi, 2005).
The material used for shafts should have the following properties:
It should have high strength.
It should have good machinability.
It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
It should have good heat treatment properties.
It should have high wear resistant properties.

This shaft transmits power between the source and the machines absorbing power and carry machine parts such as
reel, gear and bearing, therefore they are subjected to bending in addition to twisting then stresses due to combined
torsional and bending loads.
. Motor specfication
Max. power (P) =1.5kw
Max.Torque (T) = 14.8N-m
Speed (N) =3000rpm
Steel Drive Shaft [10]:

The rpm of main shaft n =1500(180/240)

N=1125rpm

Power P=2∏ NT/60


T=p×60/2∏ N
T=1500×60/2*3.14 ×1125 =12.735N-m
T=12735 N-mm

Find the torsion in the shaft:

Tn
Hp=
63000

63000∗2
T=
1125
T=112

Find the torsional stress in the shaft.


First find Z'

3
Z'=
πd
16
3
Z'=
3.14∗1.8
16
Z=0.32in^3

T
Ss= =744.67841
Z
Find the load at the gear pitch circle:

Nt 28
Dp= =
Pd 4.465
Dp=6.279

2T
:ft=
Dp
Ft=76ib

The resultant force acting on the shaft

Ft
Fr=
cos 20
Fr=80.885ib

The max moment act on shaft

Fl 80.855∗82.677
Mm= =
4 4
Mm=1671inin

Find the stress

M
Ss=
Z
Ss=5222.5in

find the combined stress using the maximum shear stress theorem

s
τ =( S ²+( ) ²)½
2
5222.5 2 1/2
τ=¿5222.52+( )¿
2

τ=2715.3875

τ=27.15N/mm2

combined stress on the shaft

s s
stress= +( S ²+( )²)½
2 2

δ =¿ 1357.7+2715

4072.7

Stress=40.7N/mm2

The shaft supported in bearings and carrying gears is shown

We know that the torque transmitted by the shaft

T=12735 N-mm

Since the torque acting at gears is same as that of the shaft, therefore the tangential
force acting at gear C,

T
Ft=
Rc

12735
Ft=
120

Ft=106.125N

and the normal load acting on the tooth of the gear,

Ft 106.125
W= =
cosa cos 20

W=112.94N
the total force act dowenward on the shaft is

Ftot=106.125+112.94

Ftot=219N

Assume the shaft has simple supporting beam

100mm

Let RA and RB = Reactions at A and B respectively.

RA + RB = Total load acting downwards at C


= 219N
Now taking moments about A,
RB × 100 = 219 × 50
RB = 109.5 N
and RA = 219 – 109.5 = 109.5 N
A little consideration will show that the maximum bending moment will be C,
MC = RA × 50 = 5475Nmm
Maximum bending moment transmitted by the shaft,
M = Mc = 5475 N-mm
Let d = Diameter of the shaft.
We know that the equivalent twisting moment,
Te=√ (Km∗M )²+( KT ∗T )²
Te=17348.9Nmm

We also know that the equivalent twisting moment (Te)


π 3
17348.9= τd
16
D3=17348.9/5.33
D=14.82mm
Again we know that the equivalent bending moment,

1
Me = (Km M Te )
2
Me=0.5*(1.5*54475+17348.9)
Me=49530.7
We also know that the equivalent bending moment (Me),
π
49530.7= δd 3
32
49530.7=3.925d3
D3=12619.28mm
D=23.28mm
Taking the larger of the two values, we have
So the diametr of the shaft is 23.28mm is approximately 2.4mm

Shear force and bending moment diagram

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