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Cramer'S Rule Formula: CE 323 - Numerical Solutions To CE Problems

1. Cramer's rule can be used to solve systems of linear equations. It involves calculating determinants of coefficient matrices and using ratios of determinants to determine variable values. 2. For a 2x2 system, the variable values are equal to the determinants with the constant column replaced, divided by the determinant of the coefficient matrix. 3. For a 3x3 system, similar determinants are calculated and the variable values are equal to the appropriate determinant ratio, divided by the determinant of the coefficient matrix. 4. Cramer's rule only works if the determinant of the coefficient matrix is not equal to 0, as the values would be undefined

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97 views

Cramer'S Rule Formula: CE 323 - Numerical Solutions To CE Problems

1. Cramer's rule can be used to solve systems of linear equations. It involves calculating determinants of coefficient matrices and using ratios of determinants to determine variable values. 2. For a 2x2 system, the variable values are equal to the determinants with the constant column replaced, divided by the determinant of the coefficient matrix. 3. For a 3x3 system, similar determinants are calculated and the variable values are equal to the appropriate determinant ratio, divided by the determinant of the coefficient matrix. 4. Cramer's rule only works if the determinant of the coefficient matrix is not equal to 0, as the values would be undefined

Uploaded by

Reyes Voks
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

CE 323_Numerical Solutions to CE Problems

CRAMER’S
RULE FORMULA

Engr. Cristy M. Malasan, MSCE


Instructor
Consider a system of linear equations with n variables x₁, x₂, x₃, …, xₙ written in the matrix
form AX = B.
Here,
A = Coefficient matrix (must be a square matrix)
X = Column matrix with variables
B = Column matrix with the constants (which are on the right side of the equations)
Now, we have to find the determinants as:
D = |A|, Dx1, Dx2, Dx3,…, Dxn
Here,
Dxi for i = 1, 2, 3,…, n is the same determinant as D such that the column is replaced with B.

Thus,
x1 = Dx1/D; x2 = Dx2/D; x3 = Dx3/D; ….; xn = Dxn/D {where D is not equal to 0}
Let’s have a look at the formulas of Cramer’s rule for 2×2 and 3×3 matrices.

Cramer’s Rule 2×2

Cramer’s rule for the 2×2 matrix is applied to solve the system of equations in two variables.
Let us consider two linear equations in two variables.
a1 x + b 1 y = c 1
a2 x + b 2 y = c 2
Let us write these two equations in the form of AX = B.

Here,
Coefficient matrix = A=
Variable matrix = X =

Constant matrix = B=

And

Therefore,

x = Dx/D
y = Dy/D
Cramer’s Rule 3×3
To find the Cramer’s rule formula for a 3×3 matrix, we need to consider the system of 3
equations with three variables.
Consider:
a1 x + b 1 y + c1 z = d 1
a2 x + b 2 y + c2 z = d 2
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3

Let us write these equations in the form AX = B.


Cramer’s Rule 3×3
Now,

D=|A|=

And,

Therefore,
x = Dx/D,
y = Dy/D,
z = Dz/D; D ≠ 0
Cramer’s Rule Conditions
There are certain conditions to applying Cramer’s rule for solving the given system of equations.
Some of them include the following:
•Cramer’s rule fails for the system of equations in which D = 0 since for finding the values of
unknowns, D must be in the denominator and hence these values go undefined.
•Also, when D = 0, there will be two possibilities for which: The system may have no solution.
The system may have an infinite number of solutions.
From this, we can say that at least one of the numerator determinants is a 0 (that means infinitely
many solutions) or none of the numerator determinants is 0 (that means no solution)
•If D ≠ 0, we say that the system AX = B has a unique solution.
Thus, Cramer’s rule helps us determine whether the given system has “no solution” or “infinite
number of solutions”, using the determinants we calculate to apply the rule.
QUIZ #1

1.Solve the following system of equations by Cramer’s rule:

2x – 3y + 5z = 11
3x + 2y – 4z = – 5
x + y – 2z = – 3
2. Solve the following system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule:
a. 5x + 7y = -2
4x + 6y = -3

b. 2x-4y+5z=36
-3x+5y+7z=7
5x+3y-8z=-31

To be submitted in the google classroom not later than 5:00 pm today.

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