Digital Communication
Digital Communication
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SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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SRI SAI RAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
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PART-A
a. With a block diagram, explain the basic signal processing operations involved in a digital
communication system. (07 Marks)
c. The signal x(t) = 2cos400nt + 6cos640nt is ideally sampled at fs = 500 Hz. If the sampled
signal is passed through an ideal low pass filter with cut off frequency of 400 Hz:
i) Determine the spectrum of the sampled signal and sketch.
ii) What frequency components will appear in the filter output? (06 Marks)
b. Show that the signal to quantization noise power ratio of a uniform quantizer is
[SNRlm = 1.8 + 6n and n = number of bits/sample. (06 Marks)
c. What is the necessity of non uniform quantization? Explain compounding. (06 Marks)
d. For the binary bit sequence 10110100, draw the waveforms using: (04 Marks)
i) Unipolar NRZ ii) Unipolar RZ iii) Polar NRZ iv) Bipolar NRZ.
b. Explain the need for a precoder in a duobinary signaling. For i/p binary data 1011101, obtain
the o/p precoder and o/p of duobinary coder. Explain how data can be detected at the
receiver. (08 Marks)
c. What is equalization? Explain adaptive equalization for data transmission. (06 Marks)
b. The bit stream 1011100011 is to be transmitted using DPSK technique. Determine the
encoded sequence and transmitted phase sequence. Also write the block diagram of the
modulator and demodulator for the same and explain. (10 Marks)
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6 a. A binary data is transmitted using ASK over a AWON channel at a rate of 2.4 Mbps. The
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carrier amplitude at the receiver is 1 ~V. Noise spectral density NJ2 is 10- Watt/Hz. Find
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the average probability of error if the detection is coherent. Take Erfc(5)::: 3xl 0- . (06 Marks)
b. With a diagram, explain the model of digital communication system. (08 Marks)
a. Mention the applications of spread spectrum system. Explain the principle of direct
sequence spread spectrum system. (08 Marks)
PART-A
a. With a block diagram, explain the basic signal processing operations involved in a digital
communication system. (07 Marks)
c. The signal x(t) = 2cos400nt + 6cos640nt is ideally sampled at fs = 500 Hz. If the sampled
signal is passed through an ideal low pass filter with cut off frequency of 400 Hz:
i) Determine the spectrum of the sampled signal and sketch.
ii) What frequency components will appear in the filter output? (06 Marks)
b. Show that the signal to quantization noise power ratio of a uniform quantizer is
[SNRlm = 1.8 + 6n and n = number of bits/sample. (06 Marks)
c. What is the necessity of non uniform quantization? Explain compounding. (06 Marks)
d. For the binary bit sequence 10110100, draw the waveforms using: (04 Marks)
i) Unipolar NRZ ii) Unipolar RZ iii) Polar NRZ iv) Bipolar NRZ.
b. Explain the need for a precoder in a duobinary signaling. For i/p binary data 1011101, obtain
the o/p precoder and o/p of duobinary coder. Explain how data can be detected at the
receiver. (08 Marks)
c. What is equalization? Explain adaptive equalization for data transmission. (06 Marks)
b. The bit stream 1011100011 is to be transmitted using DPSK technique. Determine the
encoded sequence and transmitted phase sequence. Also write the block diagram of the
modulator and demodulator for the same and explain. (10 Marks)
10f2
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6 a. A binary data is transmitted using ASK over a AWON channel at a rate of 2.4 Mbps. The
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carrier amplitude at the receiver is 1 ~V. Noise spectral density NJ2 is 10- Watt/Hz. Find
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the average probability of error if the detection is coherent. Take Erfc(5)::: 3xl 0- . (06 Marks)
b. With a diagram, explain the model of digital communication system. (08 Marks)
a. Mention the applications of spread spectrum system. Explain the principle of direct
sequence spread spectrum system. (08 Marks)
1 a. What are the two primary channel characteristics? Explain different types of digital
communication channels. (07 Marks)
b. What is quadrature sampling? Explain the generation and reconstruction of quadrature
sampled bandpass signals. (08 Marks)
c. Find the Nyquist rate for the analog signal given by x (t)
x (t) = 3 Cos (50 nt) + 10 Sin (300 nt) - Cos (100 nt).. (05 Marks)
2 a. What is flat-top sampling? Derive the expression for the spectrum of flat-top sampled signal.
(08 Marks)
b. A flat-top sampling system samples a signal of maximum 1Hz with 2.5 Hz sampling
frequency. The duration of the pulse is 0.2 seconds. Calculate the amplitude distortion due to
aperture effect at highest signal frequency. Also find out the equalization characteristic.
(08 Marks)
c. Explain the concept ofTDM. (04 Marks)
4 a. Explain T 1 carrier multiplexing system. Also show that how the higher carrier multiplexing
takes place for high bit rates. (06 Marks)
b. Derive the expression for NRZ polar waveform PSD (Power Spectral Density). (08 Marks)
c. The binary data stream 0010110 is applied to the input of a duo binary system. Construct the
duo binary coder output and corresponding receiver output. Assume that there is 'a pre coder
at the input. (06 Marks)
5 a. Explain the operation of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter and coherent BPSK
receiver. (06 Marks)
b. Obtain the signal space diagram for binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) and hence prove
that the average probability of symbol error is given by Pe =~ erfc~ Eb . (08 Marks)
2 2No
c. Input binary sequence to QPSK modulator is given by
{bi} = {O 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 O}. Sketch the transmitted phase of the carrier as a function of
time. (06 Marks)
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6 a. Explain the two stage Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure to find orthonormal basis
functions. (10 Marks)
b. Derive the equation for maximum likelihood to find maximum likelihood estimation.
• rOlVfilrkS) ••
8 a. Explain the idealized model of baseband spread spectrum with the illustration of waveforms
in the transmitter for a data sequence of 0011101. (10 Marks)
b. With a neat block diagram, explain the working of frequency hopped transmitter and
receiver combination for M - ary frequency shift keying. (10 Marks)
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1 a. What are the two primary channel characteristics? Explain different types of digital
communication channels. (07 Marks)
b. What is quadrature sampling? Explain the generation and reconstruction of quadrature
sampled bandpass signals. (08 Marks)
c. Find the Nyquist rate for the analog signal given by x (t)
x (t) = 3 Cos (50 nt) + 10 Sin (300 nt) - Cos (100 nt).. (05 Marks)
2 a. What is flat-top sampling? Derive the expression for the spectrum of flat-top sampled signal.
(08 Marks)
b. A flat-top sampling system samples a signal of maximum 1Hz with 2.5 Hz sampling
frequency. The duration of the pulse is 0.2 seconds. Calculate the amplitude distortion due to
aperture effect at highest signal frequency. Also find out the equalization characteristic.
(08 Marks)
c. Explain the concept ofTDM. (04 Marks)
4 a. Explain T 1 carrier multiplexing system. Also show that how the higher carrier multiplexing
takes place for high bit rates. (06 Marks)
b. Derive the expression for NRZ polar waveform PSD (Power Spectral Density). (08 Marks)
c. The binary data stream 0010110 is applied to the input of a duo binary system. Construct the
duo binary coder output and corresponding receiver output. Assume that there is 'a pre coder
at the input. (06 Marks)
5 a. Explain the operation of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter and coherent BPSK
receiver. (06 Marks)
b. Obtain the signal space diagram for binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) and hence prove
that the average probability of symbol error is given by Pe =~ erfc~ Eb . (08 Marks)
2 2No
c. Input binary sequence to QPSK modulator is given by
{bi} = {O 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 O}. Sketch the transmitted phase of the carrier as a function of
time. (06 Marks)
lof2
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6 a. Explain the two stage Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure to find orthonormal basis
functions. (10 Marks)
b. Derive the equation for maximum likelihood to find maximum likelihood estimation.
• rOlVfilrkS) ••
8 a. Explain the idealized model of baseband spread spectrum with the illustration of waveforms
in the transmitter for a data sequence of 0011101. (10 Marks)
b. With a neat block diagram, explain the working of frequency hopped transmitter and
receiver combination for M - ary frequency shift keying. (10 Marks)
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