Senior High School

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
 This module will help your readers follow the ideas within your essay and your
paragraphs, but they can also work as methods of development to help you recognize
and further develop ideas and relationships in your writing.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.

Learning to use these Compare and contrast patterns in written text is not
difficult: you will need to familiarize yourself with key transitional expressions that send
a signal to the reader that a particular pattern is being used, and you will need to make
conscious decisions about which strategies best develops your ideas.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Determine the purpose and structure of comparison and contrast in writing.
2. Explain organizational methods used when comparing and contrasting.
3. Understand how to write a compare-and-contrast text.

Fill in the boxes. Look around you and pick two things that you want to use to
answer your graphic organizer. Answer this on separate sheet of paper.
Example:
ITEM 1 ITEM 2

WHALE FISH

• LIVE IN WATER
SIMILARITIES
• HAVE FINS
• CAN SWIM

DIFFERENCES
• LAY EGGS
• HAVE HAIR
• HAVE SCALE
• LIVE BIRTH
• BREATHE
• BREATHE AIR
WATER
 Compare refers to the method of distinguishing the likenesses and contrasts
between two things. On the other hand, Contrast alludes to identifying as it were the
contrasts between two things. Whereas the qualification between these two terms may
show up on the surface to be very subtle, it is vital that students can precisely
differentiate between the two concepts to ensure they are able to reply questions and
prompts accurately.
The ability to compare and differentiate is one of the primary higher-order
abilities students are introduced to. And it is no wonder, as the ability to classify and
compare things in terms of their contrasts and likenesses compares to some of
cognitive advancement. Without the capacity to bunch things successfully in terms of
their similarities and differences, much of what we consider as ‘learning’ would be
incomprehensible.
The key to a good text for comparison and contrast is to choose two or more
subjects which interact in a meaningful manner. The aim of conducting the comparison
or contrast is to highlight subtle differences or surprising similarities rather than state
the obvious. For example, if you chose to concentrate on opposing two topics, you
wouldn't choose apples and oranges; instead, you would prefer to compare and
contrast two types of oranges or two types of apples to illustrate subtle differences.
It's also an evaluative tool to compare and contrast. To make accurate
assessments about a given topic, you first need to know the critical points of similarity
and difference. Comparing and comparing is a key method for many comparisons of
workplaces. You likely compared yourself to other colleagues and contrasted with
them. Using comparison and contrast, employee advances, pay raises, hiring, and
firing typically take place. Comparison and contrast could be used to assess
individuals, departments or companies.

Read each sentence. Write Compare if the sentence is comparing and Contrast if not.
1. That story resembles one I read a year ago.
2. I eat meat, whereas my parents are vegetarians.
3. I ordered steak; however, I was served chicken.
4. Lea had her hair done in style similar to mine
5. I got an A in English, and I am doing well in other classes, too.
 Covid-19 Pandemic changes lots of things in our daily living and most of us need to
adjust from this. Now, write 5 sentences about the activities you do before and during this
pandemic.

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Discussion of Activity 1
Development patterns help us sort out paragraphs or essays and shape the
information. They can help organize a sketch, or they can determine the form a paper
takes depending on the purpose. Note that most paper would use a variety of
approaches, working together according to each other's functions.
These are some examples of how the methods can help limiting the topic,
developing a thesis statement, and writing an outline.
1. Narration means to tell a story: The history of the Love Canal
• A narration deals with people, places, events, dates, etc.
2. Description means to tell what something is like.
• Describe the damage done by pollution to a river, lake, forest, etc. A good
description will revolve around a "dominant impression."
3. Illustration with examples means that a generalization is supported by specific
instances.
• Food industries do not encourage consumers to produce less litter.
4. Definition means to explain what something is.
• Define "ozone layer"
5. Classification means to sort items in order to group together those with similar
characteristics and to distinguish them from those with different characteristics.
• Provide examples of how we can reduce waste by reducing, reusing, recycling.
6. Causal analysis means to find the reasons that produced a certain result or to
identify the results produced by a certain phenomenon.
• Effects of acid rain on vegetation
7. Argumentation means to provide enough reasons and proof to convince the reader
that a certain opinion is valid.
• Industries do not receive enough incentives to reduce waste.

Another method you can use is compare and contrast pattern. This arranges
knowledge according to whether two or more items (or both) are identical to or distinct
from each other. This is an effective pattern to use when one subject is described in
relation to another when the reader can better understand it. If the reader is familiar
with one subject, the writer may compare it with another subject or contrast it to offer
an insight into it.
This pattern organizes knowledge about a topic by separating it into its "good" and
"bad" sections, or the pro and con's. It is effective to use when a writer wishes to
discuss both sides of a problem objectively without adopting a persuasive stance. This
allows the reader to weigh up both sides of a issue. As with the pattern of comparison-
contrast, there are several possible variations to a pattern of advantages-
disadvantages.

Signal words used for Comparison and Contrast:

COMPARISON: Examples:
Spring weather in Vancouver is similar to spring weather
is similar to
in Halifax.
both
Both Vancouver and Halifax have rain in the spring.
also
Halifax also has a rainy spring season.
too
Halifax has a rainy spring season, too.
as well
As well, Halifax has rainy spring season
CONTRAST:
On the other hand, winter is much colder in Halifax.
on the other hand
However, winter is much colder in Halifax.
however
Vancouver has a mild winter, but Halifax has a cold one.
but
In contrast to Vancouver, Halifax has a cold winter.
in contrast to
Halifax differs from Vancouver by having a cold winter.
differs from
While Vancouver has a mild winter, Halifax has a cold
while
winter.
unlike
Unlike Halifax, Vancouver doesn't get much snow.
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 Choose one of the following three categories. Pick two examples from each.
Then come up with one similarity and two differences between the examples.
1. Movies
2. Social Media Applications
3. Cell phones
Example:
MOVIES: HARRY POTTER & SUPERMAN
Similarity:
• Fantasy genre
Differences:
Harry Potter
• Produced by Warner Bros. Picture
Superman
• Produced by various studios over time

Choose one of the following three items. Then come up with two difference and
two similarities. Create an appropriate graphic organizer.
1. Traditional class and Online class
2. Department stores and discount retail stores
3. Fast food chains and fine dining restaurants
Example:

TRADITIONAL CLASS
VS ONLINE CLASS

• Collaborative learning

• Technology tools (videos, power

points

Traditional class
• Classroom presence required
Online class
• Asynchronous
 After doing the activity 2, create an appropriate graphic organizer to summarize
your text and too much easier to understand the similarities and differences of your
topic.
Here are sample organizers you can use:

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Write True or False to each sentence.

1. A compare and contrast pattern arrange information according to how two
or more things are similar only from one another.
2. For contrast, you can use these signal words: on the contrary, differs from,
rather than.
3. Although a comparison and contrast essay is set to demonstrate both
similarities as well as differences, sometimes it only shows similarities, and
at other times, only differences.
4. The key to a good compare-and-contrast text is to choose two or more
subjects that connect in a meaningful way.
5. In order to make accurate evaluations about a given topic, you must first
know the critical points of similarity and difference.
 Analyze the text and list down the similarities and differences of its content on
a separate sheet of paper.

Basketball and Soccer

Basketball and soccer are sports with many similarities and
differences. Both sports are fun to play and each one has many beneficial
qualities. Here are some of the similarities and differences with basketball
and soccer.
Basketball and soccer are played with a round ball. They both
provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise such as running; so if you want to
get in shape these are the sports to play. A referee judges each game.
When a player breaks the rules he or she is called for a foul. A soccer
player receives a red or yellow card and a basketball player is called for a
foul. Finally, a score is kept in each game. The team with the highest score
wins.
Even though basketball and soccer are similar, differences do exist.
Even though an athlete dribbles the ball in both sports, a basketball player
uses his hands and a soccer player uses his feet. Usually soccer is played
outside on a large field and basketball is played indoor on a court made
out of wood. Basketball is played with 5 players and soccer has 11. Lastly,
basketball has four quarters and soccer has two halves. In conclusion both
sports are fun and exciting to play. Each one offers exercise and
competitiveness. Also, they are unique in their own way.

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