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A
PRACTICAL DICTIONARY
OP THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
GIVING THE CORRECT

SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS,

WITH AN

APPENDIX CONTAINING VAKIOUS USEFUL TABLES.

CHIEFLY DERIVED FROM

WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY.

EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

NOAH PORTER, D. D, LL. D,

PRESIDENT OF YALE COLLEGE,

BY

DOESEY GARDNER
TOtf) uearlg ffiitmi 5|imtrre& Sliutftratfontf.

v %/»^

DEC 22 ?8g4 <

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO :

IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR, AND COMPANY.

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.:
G. & C. MERRIAM AND COMPANY.
1884.
 Copyright, 1884,
By G. & c, MERRIAM & CO.
 PKEFAOE.

The purpose of this volume is to supply, in as compact a form as is consistent with clearness,

the orthography, pronunciation, meaning, and etymology of all English words which are likely to
be encountered by the general reader or the student. Words of an exclusively technical or scien-
tificnature are in general omitted, —
both to reserve space for the adequate treatment of words
in general use, and because the limited class of persons who desire information of this kind would
in any case refer to encyclopedias or glossaries devoted to an especial field.
Although the book is small, it will be found to contain a more copious vocabulary and fuller
definitions of the essential words, than many dictionaries of greater bulk. The illustrations, which
have been profusely used wherever they could aid the understanding of the subject, will be found
in many cases to afford a clearer explanation than could be given by the use of words.
Arrangement Of Words. —
The great condensation of the book is due in part to the exclusion
of definitions of derived words, which are in fact self-explanatory as soon as the root-word is
thoroughly defined. For instance, under the vocabulary word Blame (p. 38), Blamable is de-
fined, but not Blamableness or Blamably ; Blameless, but not Blamelessly or Biameless-
ness ; Blameworthy, but not Blameworthiness : the words, however, are given also their ;

pronunciation is invariably indicated by accents, or by respelling when necessary so also is the ;

part of speech, by the conventional signs uniformly employed. —

But the principal saving of space
is due to the system of referring words, formed upon a common prefix, to the first of these words

Which occurs alphabetically explaining there the prefix fully and once for all. For example,
;

the inseparable prefix In-, having a negative force, is fully accounted for in its regular alphabet-
ical place its euphonic changes (into i- before gn-; il- before I- ; im- before
; and p ; and ir- m
before r-) are described and then reference is made to the five vocabulary words under which
;

such formatives are grouped viz> : :

—
Ignoble, covering 13 words, and occupying £ of a column.
Illaudable, covering 20 words, and occupying \ of r column.
Immaculate, covering 132 words, and occupying 3 columns.
Inability, covering 415 words, and occupying J.Oj columns.
Irrational, covering 34 words, and occupying If columns.

Total 614 words, occupying 14f column*

In the Unabridged Dictionary the corresponding words, as ascertained by measurement, fill 147
of i*s much ampler columns and —
by reason of the strictly alphabetical arrangement of that
;

-" - extend over 65 pages ( words of different derivation being fcf course intermingled with
.

•jm), as against 1\ pages of this volume.

Another similar economy, which has effected the saving of much space, is illustrated by the
following entry (p. 32) :
—
has sometimes an intensive force, as besprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often has
Be-, prefix,
the meaning to make, and transforms them into verbs thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim, to make a
:

fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of by, as Beside. For words beginning with Be- not found in this vo-
cabulary, see the original word : thus, for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc.

A like saving has been effected in the case of many of these prolific prefixes. Thus, Re-, with
its form Red-, having been accounted for (p. 335), the generality "of words so constructed are
XV PREFACE.
disposed of by the note may be prefixed to almost any verb and many substantives, the word
:
" It
so formed being usually self-explanatory." Still, when a difference in either pronunciation or
meaning has taken place, both forms are given and defined for instance, Rec'ollect' and Re-
:

collect' are combined in a single paragraph (p. 337), as being of identical derivation but their ;

widely divergent meanings are adequately defined ; while their primitive meaning is left to be
sought under Collect.
System Of Grouping. — A saving
similar to that made by associating words having the same
prefix has been accomplished by consolidating into one paragraph words derived from the same
root, provided they have the same initial letter. Thus, under the noun Air (p. 10) are given,
first, the direct derivatives, the verb, To Air, the noun Airing, adjective Airy, adverb Airily,

noun Airiness then follow, alphabetically, the derived compounds

;
viz. —
Air'bath, -bed, :

-bladder, etc., —
of which there are 16 and the result is that 21 words are adequately accounted
;

for in 42 lines, although a space equal to 5 of these lines is given to an illustration showing the
construction of an Air-pump whereas the corresponding words occupy just 200 lines of the broader
;

columns of the Unabridged. Again, under Water (p. 499), this book covers 49 words in 190 lines,
or about 2 columns, including 6 illustrations while in the Unabridged the word and its deriva-
;

tions fill 7| columns, or 837 lines. —

It must be explained, however, that, while words of identical
etymology have been thus systematically grouped, great care has been taken to indicate the dif-
ference between words having the same spelling and pronunciation, but a different etymology.
Thus, on page 399, there are 4 separate paragraphs headed Sound, both the meaning and origin
of these words and their derivations being totally distinct. There are also 3 entirely different
words, Smack (p. 392), yet of the same pronunciation. This point is dwelt upon because, in many
elaborate dictionaries, words from totally different sources and of dissimilar meanings have been
grouped as if they were of identical origin —
which is hopelessly confusing to a student of the
language. — It should, however, be understood that only words having the same initial letter are
thus associated ; but reference is made to cognate words, if they begin with a different prefix or
compound, so as to show their common origin, however widely they may be separated alphabeti-
cally. For instance, the paragraph Stand (p. 410) includes 20 words and phrases which fall al-
phabetically under stand- ; and these fill but 55 lines, or about two thirds of a column. To trace
out the significance of this group of allied words, the student should examine each of them,
with its derivatives. For example, in the case of Stand, its derivatives Understand, Under-
standing, etc. are grouped among the 67 words associated under the leading word Under
, as ;

are "Withstand, etc., under With. By this system many pages have been saved in the aggregate.
While words have been thus grouped in accordance with their etymologies, the etymologies
themselves have necessarily been omitted, in order to secure the extreme brevity of the work.
Those who desire the etymologies will find them given, with a fullness not sought in much
bulkier works, in the slightly larger Condensed Dictionary of the English Language, of which the
present volume is an abridgment.
Pronunciation. —
The marks indicating pronunciation have been made as few and as simple as
is consistent with clearness and precision. The leading word of each paragraph is respelled pho-
netically but subsequent words within the paragraph are respelled only in instances where the
;

pronunciation changes, or where for any reason it might be doubtful.* —

An unmarked vowel,
followed by a consonant in the same syllable, is short (as am, end, in, odd, sun) an unmarked :

vowel forming a syllable by itself, or ending a syllable, is long, or has its name sound (as a, be,
di-al, no, fu-el, by) but a, not under the accent, forming or ending a syllable, has a brief sound
;

of a in far, or in some cases a brief sound of long a in fate. Vowel sounds which are not thus ex-
plained by their position, also the sounds of such consonants as have more than one sound, are
marked in accordance with the key-line at the foot of each two adjoining pages. The diacritical
marks there employed are self-explanatory, with the exception of that which designates the nasal
sound illustrated in the key-line by the French word boisboTS. This n indicates that the preceding
vowel is nasal, but care should be taken that the back part of the tongue is not pressed against
the palate as is done in producing the English ng. For example, in making the French sound
* Where alternative pronunciations are given for the leading word, the choice between them is understood
to apply to the subsequent words in the paragraph, unless these are otherwise marked. For instance, in the
grapn may
paragraph Retroact (p. 348), the pronunciation of the first two syllables of all words in the paragraph
be either re'tro- or rit'ro-.
 PREFACE. v
on we may proceed as if about to say ong (as in song), but stop before the sound ng is produced.
Similarly the other French nasal vowels can be produced.
For the sake of brevity, the second part of a compound word in the body of a paragraph is not
respelled, if its true pronunciation
is given in its alphabetical place in the vocabulary thus, in :

the paragraph Sheep the compounds Sheep-walk, Sheep's-eye, are presumed to require
(p. 379),
no respelling, since the few persons unaware of the pronunciation of the second word in the com-
pound can seek it in its own place in the vocabulary. But in cases where there is a deviation
from the sound of the original word, this is indicated by respelling, —
as in Housewife, under the
vocabulary word House (p. 183). —In the large class of verbs and verbal adjectives spelled alike
and terminating in -ale (as Degenerate, Duplicate, Elaborate), the attempt has not been made
to mark the different quantity of the a in the final syllable, which is always given its long sound,
as found in the verb but, in fact, it has a less prolonged sound in the adjectives, derived adverbs,
;

and abstract nouns —

approximating or falling into that of short e.
The editor's thanks are due to Mr. Zenas W. Bliss, of The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., for
many valuable suggestions and criticisms made while the book was passing through the press
under his critical eye.
The Appendix. — After the conclusion of the vocabulary, there is given an Appendix, which
contains :
—
I. A Pronouncing Vocabulary of Biblical, Classical, Mythological, Historical, and Geographical

Proper Names.
II. Abbreviations used in Writing and Printing.
III. Arbitrary Signs used in Writing and Printing.
IV. Metric System of Weights and Measures.

Most of these sections require no explanation. But of the one devoted to proper names — in-
cluding those which occur in Biblical, Classical, Egyptian, Hindoo, Modern, and Norse history
and literature =— the editor may explain that, after much inquiry, he was unable to find that such
a collection had ever been made. Accordingly, starting upon the foundation of the Classical and
Biblical vocabularies of Webster's Unabridged, and gathering from a variety of sources the names
which occur in other literatures, he formed the consolidated Pronouncing Vocabulary of Proper
Names (pp. 521-620). In this, the origin and pronunciation of all proper names which the reader
is likely to encounter are indicated by the same system of marking employed in the body of the

book.
New Haven, September, 1884.

m
 PBEFIXES AND SUFFIXES.

The PREFIXES are accounted for in their alphabetical places in the Vocabulary, and are
not repeated here.

agent, and was originally of the masculine gender,

SUFFIXES. but is now applied to men or things indifferently.
At the end of names of places, er signifies a man of
[Gr. -akos.]A suffix signifying of or pertain- the place ; thus, Londone?- is the same as London
Ac.
ing 1 o.
man.
Age. A termination of nouns having a collec-
[F.]
.

Escent. [L. -escens, -escentis.] A

termination of par-
ticipial adjectives from the Latin, denoting progres-
tive or abstract meaning.
sion, growing, or becoming.
Al. [L. -alis.1 A termination of words from the
Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to. See Cal. Ess. [£"., from L. -ix.} A termination of nouns fem-
An. [L. -anus.] A termination of nouns and adjec- inine, distinguishing them from correspondent
tives from the Latin, denoting office, 2Jrofesswn, or nouns masculine.
character.
Ance, Ancy. [L. -antia.] Terminations of some Ful. (Same as full.'] A termination of adjectives de-
nouns having an abstract signification. noting plenitude or abundance, and generally formed
Ant. [L. -am, -ayitis.] A termination of adjectives from substantives.
from the Latin, expressing quality or habit; and of Fy. [L. facere, fieri, F. fier.] A termination of verbs,
nouns denoting the doer of a thing. denoting to make, to become.
At. [L. -aris.] A
termination of adjectives derived
Hood. (AS. had, from had, state, sex, order, degree,
from the Latin, and denoting^ of, or pertaining to.
Ard, the termination of many English words, is taken person, form, manner, Goth, haidus.] termina- A
from the Goth, hardus, AS. heard, Ic. & E. hard, tion denoting state or fixedness, condition, quality,
and appears in proper names as, llenard, strong
;
character, totality. Sometimes it is written head.
in counsel Go&dard, strong in, or through, God,
[Gr. -ikos, L. -icus.] A termination of adjectives
;

etc. We
find it also in appellatives, usually with a Ic.
had signification. denoting of, or pertaining to.
Ary. [L. -arius.] A termination of adjectives from Ics. A
termination of nouns, plural in form but sin-
the Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to; and of gular in signification, applied to certain arts or
nouns, denoting the doer of a thing. sciences.
Ate. [L. -atus.~\ A termination 1. Of verbs. 2. ;
— Id. [L. -idus.] A
termination of adjectives denoting
Of adjectives, implying nature, likeness, quality, quality.
agreement, effect, etc. 3. Of nouns, denoting (a.) Ier, Eer. [F. -ier, -iere.] A
termination of nouns de-
office or dignity; (b.) the possessor of an office or noting men from their occupations or employ-
dignity; (c.) salts containing one degree or more of ment.
oxygen. He. (L. -His.] A
termination of adjectives from the
Latin, denoting of or pertaining to.
Ble. [L. -bilis.] A
termination of adjectives derived Ine. [L. -inus.] A
termination of adjectives from the
from the Latin, or formed on the same model, and Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to.
signifying capable of being, or worthy to be. Ion. [L. -io, genitive -ionis.] A termination of ab-
stract nouns derived from the Latin, or formed
Cal. [L. -cus.] A termination of adjectives derived after the same analogy.
from the Latin or following the analogy of such, Ish. [AS. isc, Goth, -is*, NHG. -isch.] A
termination
and signifying of or pertaining to. of English words denoting diminution, or a small
degree of the quality. Ish annexed to proper names
Dom. A termination denoting jurisdiction, or prop- forms a possessive adjective. Annexed to common
erty and jurisdiction. It was originally doom, nouns, it forms an adjective denoting a participa-
judgment. Hence it is used to denote state, condi- tion of the qualities expressed by the noun.
'tion, or quality. Ism. [Gr. -ismos.] A termination of nouns from the
Greek, or of nouns formed on the same model as
Ean. (Gr. -aios or -eios, ~L.-xus, -eus.] termination A these, denoting tenets, doctrines, or principles.
of adjectives derived from Greek adjectives, or 1st. [Gr. -istes.] A
termination of nouns designating
formed on the pattern of such adjectives, and de- men from their occupations, pursuits, or principles.
noting of or pertaining to. Ite. [L. -itus.] A
termination of nouns and adjec-
Ee. A termination of nouns, denoting one on or to tives. It is often used to form collective or gentile
whom something is done. names.
Eer. See Ier. Ity. See Ty.
En. A plural termination of nouns and of verbs Ive. [L. -ivus.] A
termination of nouns and adjec-
formerly in use, as in housen, escape?!, and retained tives from the Latin, denoting ability, power, or ac-
in oxen and children. It is also -still used as the tivity.
termination of some verbs, as in hearken, from the Ize, l8e. [Gr. -izein.] A
termination of verbs from
Anglo-Saxon infinitive. It is also used to form the Greek, or of verbs formed on the same model,
from nouns adjectives expressing the material of and denoting to make, to cause to be, to become.
which a thing is made.
Encs, Ency. [L. -entia.'] A termination of abstract Kin. [AS. cyn, cynd, kin, kind, offspring, race s. rt. ;

nouns from the Latin, or of nouns that follow the L. genus, Gr. genos, gonos.] A
diminutive termina-
analogy of nouns so derived. tion, denoting small, from the sense of child.
Ent. [L. -ens, -entis.] A termination of nouns from
the Latin, denoting the doer of a thing; or of par- lie. A diminutive termination.
expressing quality or habit.
ticipial adjectives Less. A terminating syllable of many nouns and
Er. A
termination of many English words, and the some adjectives. It is the AS. leas, s. rt. E. loose, ft.
Teutonic form of the Latin or. It denotes an AS. leosan, to lose. Hence, it is a privative word,
 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES. Vll

denoting destitution; a witness man. a man desti-

as, shape.] A termination denoting state, office, dig-
tute of wit child/ess, without children.
;
nity, profession, or art.
Let. [F. dim. termination -et, as in islet, eaglet, bar- Sion! See Io>r .

onet; with I inserted, as in streamlet, brancldet.] A Some. [AS. sum, Goth, sarna, like, the same.] A ter-
termination of diminutives as, h&mlet, a little
; mination of certain adjectives. It indicates a con-
house rivutef, a small stream.
; siderable degree of the thing or quantity : as, mettle-
Ling. [AS.] A termination denoting condition, off- some, full of mettle or spirit g\ab\some, very glad
;

spring, or progeny. or joyous.

Ly. [ME. lich, an abbreviation of AS. lie, Goth, leiks, Ster. [AS. -estre, -istre.] A
termination denoting
£. like.] A
termination of adjectives, as in lovely, skill or occupation. It was originally applied to de-
manly, that is, love-like, man-like. It is also a ter- note the female agent in an action. Thus, songster
mination of adverbs [ME. liche, AS. lice]. signified, at first, a female who sings but the end-
;

ing ster having at length, in a measure, lost its pe-

Ment. A termination of nouns (formed often from culiar force, the feminine termination ess was ap-
verbs), denoting condition, state, or act. pended to it thus, songster became songsteress, or
;

Mony. [L. -moniuni, -monia.] A

termination of nouns songstress, with a double ending.
from the Latin, signifying action, or an active fac-
ulty, being, or a state of being, viewed abstractly. T, Th. [AS.] A termination of abstract nouns of
Anglo-Saxon origin.
Ness. [AS. -ness, -niss, Goth. -nassus.] A termination Tion. See Ion.
of abstract names, denoting state, or quality. Tude. [L. -tudo.] A termination of abstract nouns
from the Latin, signifying action or an active fac-
Ock. [AS. -ca or -uca.] A diminutive termination of xdty, being, or a state of being.
Ty. [L. -tas, -tatis, F. -te .] A termination of words
1

nouns.
*tfr. A termination of Latin nouns, denoting an denoting action or an active faculty, being, or a state
agent. It is annexed to many words of English of being, viewed, abstractly.
origin as in lessor. In general, or is annexed to
;

words of Latin, and er to those of English, origin. Ure. [L. -ura.] A termination of words derived
See Er. from the Latin (often through the Italian or
Jry. [L. -orius.] A
termination of words from the French), and denoting action or an active faculty,
Latin, denoting of, or pertaining to. being, or a state of being, viewed abstractly.
Ose, Ous. [L. -o>us, -us.] A
termination of English
adjectives (many of which are derived directly Ward, or Wards. [AS. -weard, -iveardes; Goth.
from the Latin), denoting quality or property. -vairths, allied to L. vertere, to turn, versus, toward.]
A suffix used in the composition of a large class of
Ric. [AS. rice, ric; s. rt. L. regere, to rule, and regio, words, and denoting direction, or tendency to, mo-
region.] A termination signifying jurisdiction, or a tion toward, and the like.
district over which government is exercised. Wise. [AS. ivise, allied to guise.] A
termination of
adverbs or conjunctions implying in the direction
Ship. [AS. scipe, scype, fr. scyppan, to mold, from, of, by way of, or in the manner of.
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.

a adjective. Fort Fortification. pass passive.

abbr abbreviated. fr from. Pathol Pathology.
abl ablative. freq frequentative. perh perhaps.
ace accusative. fut future. pers person.
adv adverb. pert pertaining.
Agric Agriculture. Galv Galvanism. Philos Philosophy.
Alg.. Algebra. gen generally, genitive. Photog Photography.
Am., A.iter America, American. Geog Geography. Phren Phrenology.
Anat Anatomy. Geol Geology. Physiol Physiology.
Antiq Antiquities. Geom Geometry. pi plural.
aor aorist. Gram Grammar. Poet Poetry, poetical.
appl applied to. Pol Polish.
Arch Architecture. Her Heraldry. Polit. Econ Political Economy.
Arith Arithmetic. Hist History. p.p participle past.
Astrol Astrology. Hort Horticulture. p. pr participle present.
Astron Astronomy. pre/. prefix.
Ichth Ichthyology. prep preposition.
Bib Biblical. id est (that is). pre t preterit.
Bot Botany. imp imperfect. Print Printing.
'ncept inceptive. priv privative.
Carp Carpentry. nf. infinitive. prdb probably.
Cf Confer (compare). intern intensive. pron pronunciation pro- ,

Chem Chemistry. nterj interjection. nounced pronoun.

;

Civ Civil. prop properly.

Colloq.,coll Colloquial, colloqui- Join, .Joinery, Pros Prosody.
ally. Prov Provincial.
Com Commerce, Com- lit... .literally.
mon. q. v quodvide(whichsee)
comp compound, com- m masculine.
pounded. Mach Machinery. Rhet Rhetoric.
compar comparative. Mar Maritime. Rom Roman.
Conch Conchology. Math Mathematics. R. Cath Roman Catholic.
conj conjunction. Mech Mechanics. RR Railroads.
contr contracted, contrac- Med Medicine. Russ Russ.
tion. Metal Metallurgy.
corresp corresponding to. Metaph Metaphysics. S Saxon, South.
corrupt corrupted, corrup- Meteor Meteorology. Scot Scotland, Scottish.
tion. Mil Military. Script Scripture scriptural.
,

Min Mineralogy. Sculp Sculpture.

dat dative. Mus Music. sing singular.
dial dialect. Myth Mythology. s.rt from the same rootas.
dim diminutive. superl superlative.
disting distinguished, as dis- Jf. New, North. Surg Surgery.
tinguished from. n noun. Surv Surveying.
Nat. Hist Natural History.
E English, East. Naut Nautical. term termination.
Eccl Ecclesiastical. neut neuter. Theol Theology.
Eccl. Hist Ecclesiastical His- Numis : Numismatics. Trans Translation.
tory. Typog Typography.
e. g exempli gratia (for O Old.
example). 05s Obsolete. U. S United States.
Ele.c Electricity. Onomat Onomatopoetic,
Eng England, English. named from its v verb.
Engin Engineering. sound. vb. n verbal noun.
Entom Entomology. Opt Optics. v.i verb intransitive.
equiv equivalent. orig original, originally. v. t verb transitive.
esp especially. Ornith Ornithology.
etym etymology. W Welsh, West.
/• feminine.
p participle.
: p. a participial adjective Zobl Zoology.
Eig Figurative, figura- Taint Painting.
tively. Paleon Paleontology. = equal to, the same as.
 PRACTICAL DICTIONARY
OF

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

ABIETIN
A. An adjective, commonly called the indefinite arti- Abbreviate, ab-bre'vY-at, v. t. To make shorter to
cle, and signifying one or any, but less emphati- reduce by contraction or omission; to abridge.
;
—
cally: a contraction of the Anglo-Saxon an, one,
it is Abbre'via'tion, n. Act of abbreviating the form ;

and" is used before words beginning with a consonant to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction
sound. See An. 1, a-wun. —A
An underwriter's or omission. (Mus.) A dash through the stem of a
note, dividing it into quavers, semi-quavers, etc.
—
registry mark for seaworthy vessels of the first or
highest class, inferior grades being indicated by A Abbre'viator, -ter, n. One who, etc. Abbre'via- —
A2J, etc.; first-rate; prime.
2,
tory, a. Abbreviating shortening. ;Abbre'via- —
Aback, a-bak', adv. (Nant.) Backward, as of sails ture, -chur, n. An abridgment compend. ;

caught in reverse by a change of wind. Taken — Abdicate, ab'dt-kat, v. t. To give up right or claim
aback. Taken by surprise, unexpectedly baffled. to withdraw from to relinquish, as sovereign
to
Abdication, n. Act of, etc. — Ab'-
;

Abacus, ab'a-kus, n. A
calculating-frame with sliding
;

authority. —
counters, for compu- dicative, -tiv, a. Causing, or implying abdication.
ting. (Arch.) The up- Abdomen, ab-do'men, n. (Anat.) The belly. (Entom.)
per plate upon the cap- The posterior of the sections into which the body is
ital of a column, sup- divided. —Abdominal, a. Pert, to, etc. — n. Fish,
porting the architrave. like salmon, etc., with ventral fins back of the pec-
— Ab'acist, -sist, n. toral. — Abdom'inous, -nus, a. Having a big belly.
One who computes by Abduce, ab-dus' [abduced (-dust'), -ducing], Ab-
Abacus. duct, -dukf, v. t. To take away by stealth or by
an abacus.
Abaft, a-batf, prep. (Naut.) Towards the stem —
unlawful force. Abduc'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a car-
from back of. rying away, esp. of a person, by fraud, stealth, or
force.— Abduc'tor, n. One who, etc. (Anat.) A
;

Abalienate, ab-al'yen-at, v. t. (Law.) To transfer

the title of. muscle which draws a part from the median line of
Abandon, a-ban'dun, v. t. [abandoned (-ban'dund), the body. —
Abdu'cent, -sent, a. Separating; draw-
-doning.] To give up wholly and finally; to relin- ing back.
quish, forsake, forego. —
Abandoned, -dund, p. a. Abeam, a-benT", adv. (Naut.) On the beam; at right
Given up entirely, as to a vice depraved repro- angles to the keel.
— ; ;

bate. Aban'donee', -dun-e', n. (Law.) One to Abecedarian, a / be-se-da /Yi-an, n. One who teaches
whom a thing is abandoned. Aban'doner, n. One — or who learns the A, B, C, or letters of the alphabet.
who, etc. —
Abandonment, n. Act of, or state of Abed, a-bed', adv. In bed on the bed.
being, etc. desertion.
; —
Abandon, a-baN-dSN', n. Aberrance, ab-er'ans, n. Deviation from rectitude.
;

Complete_absorption in some object or emotion. — Aberrant, a. Straying from right; exceptional;

Abase, a-bas', v. t. [abased (-basf), abasing.] To abnormal. —
Aberra'tion, n. Act of wandering, esp.
bring low, as to the ground; to cast down, degrade. from truth or moral rectitude, or from the natural
— Abase 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. state. (Med.) Partial alienation of mind. (Astron.)
Abash, a-bash', v. t. [abashed (-bashf), abashing.] A small periodical change of position in a heavenly
To strike with sudden shame or fear ; to confuse, body.
confound. —
Abasn'ment, n. Confusion from shame. Abet, a-bef, v. t. To encourage, aid, further ;
—
Abate, a-bat', v. t. To bring down or reduce to a used chieflj' in a bad sense. (Law.) To encourage
lower state, number, degree, etc.; to diminish; les- to commit a crime.— Abefment, n. Act of abetting;
sen. (Law.) To cause to fail, as a writ; to destroy, support. —
Abefter, -tor, -er, n. One who, etc. an ;

as a nuisance. v. i. —
To decrease, become less in accomplice accessary.
;

strength, subside; to fail, as a writ. Abate'ment, n. — Abeyance,' a-ba'ans, n. State of suspension, or tem-
Act of abating deduction mitigation discount. porary extinction with the expectation of revival.
— Abat'able, a.
;

—
Abat'er, -or, -er, n.
; ;

Abhor, ah-hor', v. t. [abhorred (-hdrdO, -horring.

Abatis, Abattis, ab'a-tis, or ab-a-te', n. (Fort.) A row — To regard with horror to dislike or hate ex- ;

of sharpened branches of trees turned outward for tremely to detest. —

Abhorrence, -h8r , rens, n.
defense. Great hatred.
;

—
Abhorrent, a. Detesting; contrary;
Abattoir, ab-at-war', n. slaughter-house. A repugnant; —
with to. —
Abhorrer, -h6r'er, n. One
Abbot, ab'but, n. The head of a society of monks who, etc.
governor of an abbey. —
Ab'bacy, -sT, n. The con-
;

Abide, a-bld', v. i. [abode (-bod'), abiding.] To con-

dition or privileges of, etc. Ab'bess, n. The gov- — tinue in a place; to dwell; to continue firm or stable.
erness of a nunnery.— Ab'bey, -bT, n. ; pi. Ab'beys. — v. t. To endure or bear; to await firmly. Abid'- —
A residence of monks or nuns; monastery; a church er, n. One who abides. —
Abode'', n. Place of resi-
attached to a monastery. —
Abbe, ab'ba, n. Grig, an dence; dwelling.
abbot now an ecclesiastic without charge, devoted
; Abietin, -tine, a-bKe-tin, n. (Chem.) resinous sub- A
to teaching, literature, etc. stance obtained from turpentine.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term In, Tee Sdd, tone, 6r
; ; ;

eQn, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ;linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ABIGAIL ABSORB
Abigail, ab'T-gal, n. A lady's waiting-maid. Above, a-buv^ prep. Higher in place than superior ;

Ability, a-bil'I-tT, n. Power to act, whether physical, to. —

adv. Overhead in a higher place before in
moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal might
; ; order of place; higher in rank or power. Above'-
; ;

—
talent; efficiency. board, -bord, adv. Not concealed; openly.—Above'-
Abiogenesis, ab'l-o-jenS-sis, Abiogeny, -ojS-ni, n. ground. Alive not interred.
Production of lile from inorganic matter. Abiog' -
r
— Abracadabra, ab'ra-ka-dab'-
;

ABRACADABRA
enist, n. A
believer in, etc. ra, n. A cabalistic word, ABRACADABR
Abirritate, ab-irSi-tat, v. t. {Med.) To diminish the
—
formerly used as a charm,
ABRACADAB
sensioiiity of; to debilitate. Abir'rita'tive, -tiv, a.
Wanting in irritation; debilitated. Abir'rita'tion, —
arranged in the form of a
triangle.
ABRACADA
n. Want of strength.
B R A C A D
Abrade, a-brad', v. t. To R A C A
Abject, ab'jekt, a. Sunk to alow condition mean; rub or wear off. Abra'- — A B
A B E A C
—
;

worthless; groveling, n. One in a miserable state. dant, n. That which A B R A

— AbjecSion, n. Meanness of spirit; baseness.— abrades: esp. powder used
A B R
Ab'jectly, adv. Ab'jectness, n. — in grinding and polishing.
Abjudicate, ab-joo'di-kat, v. t. To give away in judg- — AbraSion, -zhun, n. A A B
ment. —
Abjudication, n. Act of, etc. rubbing or scraping off;
v. t. [abjured (-joord '),-JURiNO.] To
/
Abjure, ab-joor', substance worn oft' by attrition.
renounce under oath, or with solemnity.— AbjurSr, Abreast, a-brest r adv. Side by side on a line.
n. One who, etc. —
Abjura'tion, n. Act of, etc.—
,

Abridge, a-brij', v. i. [abridged (-brijd'), abridg-

Abjur'atory, a. Containing abjuration. ing.] To bring within less space to shorten, esD. ;

Ablative, ab'ia-tiv, a. {Gram.) Applied to the 6th by using fewer words to deprive, cut off —with ; ;

case of Latin nouns, in which word* signifying car- of. {Math.) To reduce to a more simple expression.
rying away or taking from, are used. — Abridgement, n. A shortening or diminution;
Ablaut, ab'lowt, n. A change of the root-vowel in a restriction a work abridged or epitomized sum-
word, —
esp. to denote change of tense in a verb, of mary; synopsis.
; ;

number in_a noun, etc.: as, get, gat, got ; man, men. Abroach, a-hi-ocTi', adv. Broached letting out ;

Ablaze, a-blaz', ado. In a blaze; highly excited. liquor in a state to be diffused.

;

Able, a'bl, a. [abler ablest. J Having ability of ; Abroad, a-brawd', adv. At large unconfined; out ;

any kind possessing sufficient power, means, skill,

; of a house or other inclosure; in foreign countries.
etc., to accomplish some end; qualified; efficient; ef- Abrogate, ab'ro-gat, v. t. To annul by an authori-
fective. — Ably, a'bll, ad i\ — A'ble-bodied, -bod'id, tative act to abolish ; revoke repeal. Abroga'- ; ; —
a. Having a sound, strong body robust. ; tion, n. Act of, etc.— Abrogative, -tiv, a. Tend-
Ablepsy, ab'lep-st, n. Want of sight; blindness. ing to, etc.
Ablution, ab-luShun, n. Act of cleansing or wash- Abrupt, ab-rupt r a. Broken steep sudden un-
, ; ; ;

ing ;religious purification water used in cleans- ; connected. Abruptly, adv. — Abruption, n. A —
ing. —
Abluent, a. Cleansing purifying. n. ; — sudden breaking off violent separation of bodies. ;

{Med.) A purifier of the blood; a detergent. — Abruptness, n. Steepness suddenness great ;

3, ab'ne-gat, <>. t. To deny and reject. Ab- — haste.

;

nega'tion, )enial and renunciation.

ion, n. Denial Abnega' : Abscess, abuses, n. A
collection of pus or purulent
tor, -ter, n. One who, etc. matter in an accidental cavity of the body.
Abnormal, ab-nSr'mal, Contrary to rule, law, or a. Abscind, ab-sind', v. t. To cut off. Abscission, —
system irregular.
; —
Abnormality, -norSaity, n. -sizh'un, n. A
cutting off. {Rhet.) figure of A
State or quality of being, etc.; irregularity; deform- speech, by which the speaker stops abruptly, as sup-
ity. —Abnor'mably, -mally, adv. posing the matter sufficiently understood.
Aboard, a-bord', adv. In a vessel; on board, —prep. Absciss, abSis, n.; pi. Abscisses, ab'sis-ez. Ab-
On board of. scissa, -sisSa, n. ; pi. Lat. AbscisS/E, -sisSe, Eng.
Abode, a-bod'. See under Abide. Abscis'sas, -saz. ( Geom.) One of the elements of
Abolish, a-boKish, v. t. [abolished (-bol'isht), -ish- reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred
ing.J To do away with utterly; to put an end to, to a system of fixed rectilineal coordinate axes.
destroy, make void, annul. AboKishable, a. Ca- - Abscond, ab-skond', v. i. To secrete one's self; to
pable of being, etc. —
Abol'isher, n. One who, etc. —
decamp; used esp. of persons evading legal pro-
— Abolishment, n. Act of, etc. Abolition, — cess. — Absconder, n. One who, etc.
-lishStn, n. Act of or state of being, etc.; a doing
, Absent, abSent, a. Withdrawn from, or not present
—
away with forever. esp. of slavery.— Abolitionism, in, a place; inattentive to what is passing. Ab'- —
-lish , un-izm, n. The principles or measures of an sence, n. A
being absent; want; inattention to things
abolitionist. —
Aboli'tionist, w. One who favors present. —
AbSently, adv. In an absent manner;
abolition, —
esp. of slavery. Aboli'tionize, -Iz, v. t. — with the thoughts elsewhere. —Absent'', v. t. To
To irnbue with the principles of the abolitionists. take or withdraw to such a distance as to prevent in-
Abomasum, ah-o-ma'sum, -maSus, n. The fourth tercourse. —
Absentee', n. One who absents himself
stomach of a ruminant animal. from his country, office, post, duty, etc., esp. a land-
Abominate, a-bom'I-nat, v. t. To turn from, as omi- holder who lives away from his estate. Absentee'- —
nous of evil; to detest, abhor. — Abominable, -na-bl, ism, 11. State or habit of an absentee. Absenfer, —
a. Execrable; hateful; shocking. Abominably, — n. One who absents himself.
adv. —
Abom'inaSion, n. Act of abominating; an Absinthe, abSinth, n. cordial of brandy tinc- A
object of disgust. tured with wormwood.
Aboriginal, ab-o-rij'T-nal, a. First original; primitive. Absolute, abSo-lut, a. Freed from any limitation or
— n. First or original inhabitant. —Aborigines, condition; uncontrolled; arbitrary; unlimited; un-
-nez, n. pi. The original inhabitants of a country. conditioned; finished; perfect: total; complete.—
Abort, a-borf, v. i. To miscarry in birth. — Abor- Absolutely, adv. In an absolute manner posi- :

tion, n. Act of miscarrying an immature product ; tively arbitrarily.

;
—
Absoluteness, n. Quality of
of conception; anything which fails to come to ma- being absolute completeness; arbitrary power.
;

turity.— Abor'tive, -tiv, a. Immature; ineffectual; Absolutism, n. Absolute government or its prin-
pert, to or causing abortion. Abor'tively, adv. — — ciples.— Absolutist, n. An advocate of absolutism.
Abor'tiveness, n. —
Abor'ticide, -sid, n. One who — AVsolutisfic,
r
a. Belonging to absolutism.
destroys, or the act of destroying, the life of a fetus Absolve, ab-solv v. t. [absolved (-solvd'), -solv'-
,

before birth feticide. ; ing.] To set free or release from, as from obligation,
Abound, a-bownd"\ v. i. To be in great plenty to be ; debt, responsibility, penalty, etc. to exonerate, ac- ;

prevalent; to possess in abundance, usually with — quit. —

Absolution, n. {Civ. Law.) An acquittal.
in or with. —
Abun'dance, n. Overflowing fullness; {Rom. Cath. Church.) remission of sin. Absol- A —
plenty; riches. —
Abun'dant, a. Fully sufficient; utory, n. Absolving. AbsolvSr, n. One who, etc. —
exuberant ample. — Abun'dantly, adr.
; — AbsolvSble, a. Capable of being, etc. Absolv'- —
About, a-howt', prep. Around surrounding near; atory, a. That absolves.
—
; ;

concerning on the point of.; adv. Around here ; Absorb, ob-s6rb r v. t. [absorbed (-sorbd'), -sobb-
,

and there', nearly. ing.] To drink in, suck up, imbibe as a sponge,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; ?nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 ABSTAIN ACCIDENT
swallow up, or overwhelm to engross wholly. ;
— Acanthi. (Arch.) An
Absorbable, a. Capable of being, etc.—Absortrent, ornament resembling
a. Sucking up; imbibing. n. A substance or a — the foliage or leaves o:
bodily organ which absorbs. Absorp'tion, m. Act — the acanthus, as in
or process of being absorbed and made to disappear; Corinthian capitals.
engrossment or occupation of mind. Absorp'tive, — (Bot.) A genus of
-tiv, a. Having power to absorb. Absorptivity, n. — herbaceous prickly
Abstain, ab-stan', v. i. [abstained (-stand',), -stain- plants.— Acanthaceous,
ing.] To
forbear, or refrain, voluntarily ; esp. -thaShus, a. Armed
from indulgence of passions or appetites. v. — t. To with prickles, as a plant.
hinder to withhold from. — Ab'stinence, n. The — Acan ' thocar'pous,
— Abstinent, a.
;

act or practice of abstaining. Re- -kar'pus, a. (Bot.) Acanthus.

fraining from indulgence; temperate. Having the fruit covered with spines. Acan'tho- —
Abstemious, ab-ste'ml-us, a. Sparing in the free use cepb/alan, -sef'a-lan, n. (Zobl.) A species of intes-
of food and strong drinks; temperate. Abstemi- — tinal worm, having its proboscis armed with spines.
ously, adv. —
Abste'miousness, n. — Acanlhopod, n. (Zobl.) A *pecies of insect hav-
Absterge, ab-sterj', v. t. [absterged (-sterjd'), ing spiny legs. —
Acanthopodious, -po'dl-us, a.
-STEKGiNG.] To make clean by wiping; to cleanse (Bot.) Having spinous petioles. Acanthop'teryg''-—
by lotions, etc.—Abster'gent, a. Serving to cleanse; ious, te-rij'T-us, a. Thorny-finned, - applied to an
detergent.— Absterse', -sters', v. t. To cleanse by order of fishes.
wiping. —
Abater'sion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. — Acatalectic, a-kat-a-leklik, a. (Pros.) Not defective;
AbsterSive, -siv, a. Having the quality of cleans- — said of a verse which has the complete number of
ing. syllables.
Abstract, ab-strakt', v. t. To draw from or separate Acataleptic, a-kat-a-leplik, a. Incapable of being
to epitomize or reduce; to purloin. Abstract, a. — certainly comprehended.
Distinct from something else; separate; withdrawn Acauline, a-kawlin, Acaulous, -lus, a. Having no
from the concrete, or from particulars difficult ; ; stem, but flowers resting on the ground.
abstruse; refined, —n. A summary, or epitome; an Accede, ak-sed', v. i. To agree or assent; to become a
abridgment. —
Abstracted, p- Separated: absent « party, by agreeing to terms of a treaty or conven-
in mind. —
Abstractedly, Abstractly, adv. By it- tion. — Access, ak-ses' or akSes, n. coming to A
self; in a separate state. —
AbstractSdness, n. State near approach admittance ; the way by which a
;

of being abstracted. —
Abstraction, n. Act of ab-
;

thing may be approached; increase; addition. Ac- —

stracting or separating, or state of being separated; cessory, -sary, a. Accompanying connected as a :

act of considering separately what is united in a subordinate. n. —

Something connected as a sub-
complex object; an abstract or theoretical notion; a ordinate. (Law.) One who is implicated in a felo-
purloining. —
Abstractive, a. Having the power nious offense, tiiough not present at its perpetration.
of abstracting. —
AbStractness, n. State of being [The spelling accessary is generally preferred in the
abstract. law sense.]— Accessorial, -so'rT-al, a. Pert, to an
Abstruse, ab-stroos', a. Hidden hard to be under- ; accessory. —
AccesSorily, adv. AccesSoriness, n.—
stood. — Abstrusely, adv. Not plainly; darkly.— — Accessible, a. Easy of access or approach. —
Abstruse'ness n. Accessibility, n. —
Accession, -sesh'un, n. Act of
Absurd, ab-sgrd', a. Obviously inconsistent with acceding and becoming joined; increase; that which
reason or common sense ; foolish ; preposterous ; is added. (Law.) A mode of acquiring property,
ridiculous. — Absurdity, n. Anything absurd.— by which the owner has a right to certain additions
Absurd'ness, n. — Absurdly, adv. or improvements. Act of arriving at a throne, an
Abundance. See under Abound. office, or dignity. (Med.) The commencement of a
Abuse, a-buz r v. t.
, [abused (-buzd'), abusing.] disease.
To make ill use of; to misuse; to treat rudely; to Accelerate, ak-sel'er-at, v. t. To quicken the motion
maltreat; to revile. —
Abuse, a-bus", n. Hi use; a or action of to hasten, expedite.
; Acceleration, —
corrupt practice or custom rude language re- ; -aShun,?). A
hastening. —
AccelSrative, -tiv, Ac-
—
;

proach: insult. AbuSive, -siv, a. Employing or celSratory, a. Quickening. —

Accelerator, -ter, n.
containing abuse: scurrilous; opprobrious misap- ; One who, or that which, etc.
plied. —
AbuSively, adv. AbuSiveness, n.— Accent, akSent, n. Superior force of voice upon
Abut, a-buf, v. i. To terminate or border; to be one or more syllables of a word a mark used in :

contiguous. —
Abut'ment. n. That on which a thing writing to indicate this stress; a peculiar modulation
abuts. (Arch.) The solid support of a bridge, etc., at of the voice. (Mus.) A slight stress upon a tone to
the end. —
Abut'tal n. The butting or boundary mark its position in the measure. (Math.) A mark
of land. upon a letter or number, to distinguish magnitudes
Abyss, a-bis', n. A
bottomless ilf; hell, or the bot- of similar kind, but differing in value. Accent, —
toml'ess pit.'— Abysmal, a-bizlnal, a. Bottomless ak-senf, v. t. To express or note the accent of; to
lending. —Abyssal, -bisSl, a. Belonging to, or pronounce or mark with, etc. —
Accentlsal, a. Re-
semblihg, an abyss. —
AbysSic, a. (GeoL) Pert, lating to, etc. —
Accenfuate, v. t. To mark or pro-
to an abyss, esp. to strata which formed the bottom nounce with, etc.; to bring prominently into notice;
of a deep sea. to —
make conspicuous. Accentua lion, n. Act of
Acacia, a-kaShY-a, n. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous placing accents in writing, or of giving accent to
trees and shrubs, usually with thorns and pinnate them. (Eccl.) Pitch and modulation of the voice
leaves. in reading parts of the liturgy.
Acacio, a-kaSM-o, n. A heavy wood of the same Accept, ak-sepf, v. t. To receive with a consenting
family with the red mahogany. mind to admit and agree to. (Com.) To receive as
—
;

Academy, a-kacl'e-mT, n. A garden near Athens obligatory, and promise to pay. Accept' able, a.
(named from Academus) where Plato taught; hence, Worthy, or sure of being accepted pleasing to a
Plato's school of philosophy a kind of higher receiver agreeable welcome. —
Accept'ableness,
;

—
; ;

school or seminary an institution for the promo-

;
;

-ability, n. Acceptably, adv. Acceptance, —

tion of art or science. —
Academic, -ical, a. Of or n. Favorable reception. (Com.) An assent and
relating to a higher institution of learning. —Aca- engagement to pay a bill of exchange when due; the
demic, n. A
follower of Plato; a student in a col- bill itself when accepted. (Law.) An agreeing to
lege, university, etc. —
Academics, n. (Met.) The the act or contract of another. Accept'ant, n. —
Platonic philosophy. —
Academically, adv. Ac'- — One who accepts. — Acceptation, n. Meaning or
ademi'cian, -mish'an, n. A member of an acad- sense. — AcceptSr, n. A person who accepts, esp.
emy, or learned society, esp., of the French Acad- one who accepts a bill of exchange.
emy. Access. See under Accede.
Acaleph, akS-lef, n. (Zobl.) A radiate marine animal; Accident, akSY-dent, n. An unexpected event; cas-
a jelly-fish; a sea-nettle; — so called from its sting- ualty; contingency, pi. (Gram.) The properties
ing power. and qualities of the parts of speech. (Log.) An unes-
Acanthus, a-kanlhus, n. ; pi. Eng. Acanthuses, Lat. sential property or quality. —
Accidentia!, a. Hap-

sfin, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair,
 ACCIPITER ACETIC
pening by chance, or unexpectedly casual non- countant, n. One who keeps, or is skilled in, ac-
essential fortuitous ; ; contingent ;
;

incidental. n.
;

— counts. —
Account current. A statement showing
A casualty. {Mm.) A sharp, flat, or natural, oc- the Dr. and Cr. sides of a business transaction.
curring not at the commencement of a piece of mu- Accouple, ak-kupl, v. t. To join together; to couple.
sic as the signature, but before a particular note.— Accouter, Accoutre, ak-koo'ter, v. t. [accouteked or
Accidentally, adv. Ac'cidence, n. —
A book con- -COUTRED (-koo'terd), -tering or -tring (-koo'-
taining the rudiments of grammar. tring).] To furnish with dress, equipage, or equip-
Accipiter, ak-sip'T-ter, n. A rapacious bird, as an ments, esp. those of a soldier. Accou'terments, —
eagle, hawk, etc.— Accipltrine, -trin, a. Pert._to, etc. -trements, n. pi. Dress equipage trappings esp. ; ; ;

Acclaim, ak-klam r v. t. [acclaimed (-klamd'), for military service.

-claiming.] To meet with applause to salute.
,

;
— Accrementition, ak'kre-men-tish'un, n. (Physiol.) A
Acclaim'', Acclamation, -ma'slmn, n. A shout of process of generation in which an organic part sep-
assent or approbation. Acclam'atory, a. Express- — arates from the parent part, and becomes a distinct
ing applause. being. —
Accrementitial, -tish'al, a.
Acclimate, ak-klilnat, Acclimatize, v. t. [acclima- Accredit, ak-kredlt, v. t. To give trust or confidence
tised (-tizd), -tizing.] To habituate to a climate to; to receive, as an envoy, and give him credit and
not native. —
AccU'matable, a. Capable of being- rank; to send with credentials; to procure credit
acclimated. —
Acclima'tion, -cli'matiza'tion, n. for.
Process of becoming, or state of being, etc. Accretion, ak-kre'shun, n. An increase, esp. the in-
Acclivity, ak-kliv'I-tT, n. slope, considered as A crease of organic bodies by the internal accession of
ascending, —
opp. to declivity; rising ground. Ac- — parts; increase by accession externally; growing
clivous, -kli'vus, a. Eising with a slope. together of parts naturally separate. Accrescence, —
Accommodate, ak-kom'mo-dat, v. t. To render fit, or -kres'ens, n. Gradual growth. Accrescent, a. In- —
correspondent; to adapt; to furnish with something creasing. —
Accre'tive, -tiv, a. Growing by accre-
needed; to reconcile. Accom'modating, a. Afford- — tion.
ing accommodation; helpful.— Accorn'moda'tioii, n. Accrue, ak-kroo', r. i. [accrued (-krood'), -cruing.]
Act of fitting, or state of bein°; fitted; whatever sup- To increase; to arise; to be added, as increase, profit,
plies a want; adjustment of differences; reconcilia- or damage. —
Accru'ment, n.
tion. (Com.) A loan of money. Accommodation — Accumulate, ak-ku'mu-lat, v. t. To heap up in a
note. One given by the maker to accommodate the re- mass; to collect or bring together. v. i. To grow —
ceiver, who is to provide for it when due. -train. — to a "-reat size, number, or quantity; to increase
One which stops at minor or way stations, making greatly. —
Accu'mu-la'tion, n. Act of accumula-
less speed than express trains. ting; state of being accumulated; that which is ac-
Accompany, ak-kum'pa-ni, v. t. [accompanied cumulated mass; heap. ; Accumulative, -tiv, a. —
(-kum'pa-nid), -nying.] To go with as companion Causing accumulation cumulative. — Accumula- ;

- or associate. To perform the accompaniment.

(Mus.) tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. pow-
— Accompaniment, n. Something that accom- er, etc., in machinery.
panies; an addition by way of ornament. (Mus.) A Accurate, ak'ku-rat, a. In careful conformity to
part performed byinstruments accompanying voices; truth, or to a standard, rule, or model; correct; pre-
also, the harmony of a figured bass. Accompanist, — cise. —
Accurately, adv. Ac'curacy, -ra-sT, -rate- —
n. (Mits.) The performer takes the accompany- who ness, -rat-nes, n. Precision resulting from care; cor-
ing part. rectness.
Accomplice, ak-kom'plis, n. A co-operator or asso- Accurse, ak-kers', v. t. [accursed (-kersf), accurs-
ciate. (Law.) An a-ssociate in a crime. ing.] To devote to destruction; to imprecate evil
Accomplish, ak-kom'plish, v. t. [accomplished upon; to curse. —Accursed, p. p. a. (part. pron.
(-plisht), -plishing.] To finish, complete, bring to ak-kerst', a. ak-kers'ed.) Doomed to destruction
pass, fulfill, realize. — Accomplished, -plisht, p. a. or misery; worthy of a curse; detestable; execrable.
Complete and perfected; esp., complete in acquire- Accuse, ak-ku/.', v. t. [accused (-kiizd'), -cusing.]
ments. —
Accomplishment, n. Act of accomplish- To charge with a crime, offense, or fault; to arraign;
ing acquirement attainment.
; ; censure; imp-jach. —Accusation, -za'shun, n. Act of
Accompt, ak-kowntl See Account. etc. that of which one is, etc. — Accusative, a. Pro-
;

Accord, ak-kdrd', n. Concurrence of opinion, will, ducing or containing, etc. (Gram.) Applied to the
or action; consent; harmony of sounds; concord; case of nouns, on which the action of a verb termi-
spontaneous motion. {Law.) An agreement be- nates or falls. —
Accusatively, adv. Accu'satory, —
tween parties in controversy, which bars a suit. — a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Accus'er, n. —
v. t. To make to correspond to harmonize to ; Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v. t. Taccustomed C-kus'-
—
;

concede. v. i. To be in accordance to agree. tumd), -toming.] To make familiar by use to

— Accordance,
;
;
(Mus.) To agree in pitch and tone. habituate or inure. — Accus'tomary, a. Usual; cus-
Agreement.
n. —
Accord 'ant, a. Corresponding tomary. — Accus'tomarily, adv.
consonant agreeable. — Accordantly, adv.
; Ac- — ;

Ace, as, n. A single point on a card, die, etc.; the

cording, p. a. In harmony with suitable. — Ac- ;
card or die so marked a very small degree a trifle.
; ;

cordingly, adv. In accordance with. Aceldama, a-sel'da-ma, n. A field purchased with the
Accordion, ak-kor'dl-un, n. A small keyed wind bribe which Judas took hence called the field of;
instrument, with me- blood.
tallic reeds. Acephalous, a-sef 'a-lus,a. Without a head headless. ;

Accost, ak-kosf, v. t. (Bot.) Having the style spring from the base, instead
To address to speak ;
of the apex. (Pros.) Deficient at the beginning, as
first to. —
Accost'able, aline of poetrv. —
Acepb/alan, n. (Zool.) mol- A
a. Easy of access ; af- lusk.
fable. Acerb, a-serb', a. Sour with bitterness. —Acerbity,
Accouchement, ak-koosh- Accordion. -itude, n. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and
moN A ,
n. Delivery in child-bed. —
Accoucheur, ak- astringency harshness of manners.
koo-sher', n. man A who assists women in child-
';

Aceric, a-ser'ik, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from,

birth a man-midwife.
; — Accoucheuse, -shez', n. A the maple; as, aceric acid.
midwife. Acescent, a-ses'ent, a. Turning sour; readily becom-
Account, ak-kownt', n. A reckoning; a statement of
debts and credits; a statement of reasons, causes,
ing tart or acid. —
Aces'cencer-cency, n.
Acetic, a-setlk or -selik, a. (Chem.) Composed of
grounds, etc.; a relation or description; importance; four parts each of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
reason; consideration; sake. v. t. To reckon or — Acetic acid is the pure acid of vinegar. —Acetate,
compute; to hold in opinion; to estimate. v. i. — as'e-tat, Ac'etite, -tit, n. A salt formed by acetic
To render a relation of particulars; to constitute a acid united with abase. Ace'tous, -tus, a. Sour; —
reason; to render reasons or answer for. Accounf- — causing acetification. —
Acetify, v. t. or i. [aceti-
able, «. Liable to be called to account and to suffer fied (-fid),-FYiNG.] To turn into acid or vinegar. —
punishment i amenable ; responsible. — Account' Acefifica'tion, n. —
Acetim'eter, n. Aninstrument
anil lty, -ableness, n. State of being, etc. — Ac- for ascertaining the strength of vinegar, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 ACHE 5 ACULEATE
Ache, ak, v. i. [ached (akt), aching.] To have, or he — Acquiftal, n. {Law.) Deliverance from a charge,
—
I

in, continued pain; to be distressed, -j-n. Continued by a jury or court. Acquit lance, n. Acquitment;
pain r opp. to sudden twinges or spasmodic pain. a writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt
Achieve, a-chev', v. t. [achieved (-chevd'), achiev- j
in full.
ing.] To carry on to a final close to complete, ac- Acre, a'ker, re. A
piece of land containing 160 square
complish, realize. Achievable, a. — Achiev'ance,
;

— I

rods, or 43,560 square feet. —

Acreage, a'ker-ej, n.
n. —Achieve'ment, n. Act of achieving; accom- A sum total of acres. —Acred, a'kerd, a. Possessing
plishment; a great or heroic deed; feat. (Her.) An acres; landed.
escutcheon or ensign armorial. Achiev'er, n. — I

Acrid, ak'rid, a. Of a biting taste sharp harsh. ; ;

—
Achromatic, ak-ro-matlk, a. {Opt.) Free from color; Aclidness, Acridity, ?i. A sharp quality pun-
not showing color, from the decomposition of light. gency. —
Ac'rimony, Aclitude, n. Quality of cor-
;

— Achro'matism, n. State of being achromatic. — roding or dissolving; sharpness; severity asperity,

Achro'inatizalion, n. Act of rendering, etc. dep- ; tartness. —Acrimo'nious, a. —
Acrimo'niously, adv.
;

rivation of color. —
Achrc-'matopsy, n. Inability Acritochromacy, ak'rT-to-krolna-sT, n. Inability to
to distinguish colors; color-blindness; Daltonism. distinguish between colors color-blindness Dal-
; ;

Acicular, a-sikli-ler, a. Slender, like a needle; needle- tonism.

shaped, -r- Acic'ularly, adv. Acic'ulate, -ulated, — Acroamatic, ak'ro-a-matlk, Acroatlc, a. Meant
a. Acicular. only to be heard; oral; abstruse.
Acid, as'id, n. A
sour substance. (C/iem.) sub- A Acrobat, aklo-bat, n. One who practices high vault-
stance having the properties of combining with ing, rope-dancing, etc. Acrobatic, a.—
alkalies and alkaline oxides, and of reddening Acrogen, aklo-jen, n. A
kind of cryptogamous plant,
most blue vegetable colors, and usually with a which increases by growth at the extremity, —such
strong, sharp taste. a. —
Sour, sharp, or biting to as ferns, etc. —
Acrogenous, a-kroj'e-nus, a.
the taste tart. — Acidity, Acldness, n.
; Quality Acronycal, a-kronlk-al, a. {Astron.) Rising at sun-
of being, etc. — Acidify, v. t. [acidified (fid), -fy set and setting at sunrise, as a star, opp. to cos- —
ing.] To make acid; esp. to convert into an acid, by mical.
chemical combination. —
Acidlfi'able, a. — Acid'- Acropolis, a-krop'o-lis, n. The higher part of a Gre-
iftca'tion, n. — AcidiF ic, a. Producing acidity.— cian city; the citadel or castle; esp. the citadel of
Acidlft'er, n. (Chem.) A principle necessary to Athens.
produce acidity. —
Acidim'eter, n. An instrument Across, a-kros'', prep. From side to side of; quite
for ascertaining the strength of acids. Acid'ulous, — over; in a direction opposed to the length of. —adv.
a. Slightly sour sub-acid sourish.— Acid'ulate, From side to side; crosswise, [a, on, and cross.)
v.t. To make slightly acid.
;

Acid'ulent, a. Some- —
;

Acrostic, a-kroslik, re. A

composition, usually in
what acid; sour; cross. verse, in which the first or the last letter of every
Acierage, a'ser-ej, n. A process of coating a metal line, or of every word, read collectively, form a
plate with iron by means of voltaic electricity; steel- name or tenteiice. — a. Of or pert, to, etc. Acros'- —
ing. — A 'cerate, v. t. To convert into steel. tically, adv.
Aciniform, a-sin'I-form, a. Formed like a cluster of Acrotism, aklo-tizm, re. {Med.) defect of pulsa- A
grapes or a grape-stone; full of small kernels. tion.
Acknowledge ak-nol'ej, v. t. [acknowledged (-ejd), Act, v. i. To exert power: to be in action or motion
;
-edging.] To own, avow, admit; to recognize; to to behave or conduct; to demean one's self. v. t. — ;

own with gratitude; to own, etc., in a legal form; To perform, esp. on the stage to feign to assume
to concede, confess, allow. — Acknowledgment, n. the office or character of. re. — ;

That which is done

;

Act of, etc.; something given or done in return for or doing; deed; a decree, edict, law, judgment, etc.;
a favor; a declaration of one's own act, to give it any instrument in writing to verify facts one of ;

legal validity. the principal divisions of a play a state of reality, ;

Aclinic, a-klinlk, a. Without inclination;— said of or real existence, as opposed to a possible existence;
the magnetic equator, on which the magnetic needle a state of preparation. —
Act 'ing, p. a. Discharging
is horizontal. the duties of another, re. —
The performance of an
Acme, ak'me, n. The highest point; crisis. assumed part. — Action, ak'shun, re. Exertion of
Acolyte, ak'o-llt, -lyth, -hth, n. companion asso- A ; power, or the effect of power exerted; motion pro-
ciate. (Astron.) An attendant star. {Eccl. Hist.) duced; agency thing done a deed conduct de-
; ; ; ;

An inferior church servant. meanor; series of events forming the subject of a

Aconite, ak'o-mt, n. Wolf's-bane, a poison. play, poem, etc. (Oar.) Gesticulation. {Law.) A
Acorn, a'kern, n. The seed or fruit of an oak. suit or process. {Com.) A share in the stock of a
Acotyledon, a^kot'T-le'don, n. plant having no seed- A company. {Paint. Sf Sculp.) The position of the sev-
lobes, or cotyledons. —
Acotyledonous, -led'o-nus, a. eral parts of the body. {Mil.) An engagement be-
Having either no seed-lobes or such as are indistinct. tween troops. —Aclionable, a. {Law.) Liable to a
Acoustic, a-kow'stik or -koo'stik, a. Pert, to hear- suit. — Aclionably, adv. —
Ac'tionary, -tionist, re.
ing, or to the doctrine of sounds. Acou'stics, re. — {Com.) A stock holder in a company.— Active, -iv,
The science of sounds. Acou'stically, adv. — — a. Having the power or quality of acting; engaged
Acoustician, -tish/an, n. One versed in, etc. inaction; energetic; busy; practical. {Gram.) Ex-
Acquaint, ak-kwant ', v. t. To make familiar; to com-
1
pressing action or transition of action from an agent
municate notice to to apprise to inform. Ac- — to an object. — Actively, adv. Actlveness, Ac- —
—
; ;

quaintance, n. State of being acquainted; familiar tivity, n. Actor, akfer, n. One who acts; esp. on
knowledge; a person or persons well known. Ac- — the stage. —
Actless, n. A
female actor. Acfual, —
quaintanceship, n. Familiarity ; fellowship ; in- a. Existing in act; real; carried out, opp. to poten- —
timacy. tial, virtual, theoretical, etc.; existing at present.—
Acquiesce, ak-wT-es'", v. i. [acquiesced (-wT-est /'),
Act'ually, adv. —
Actuality, Act'ualness, re. —
-escing (-eslng).] To rest satisfied; to concur, as- Acfualist, n. One who considers actually existing
sent, comply. —
Acquiescent, a. Acquiescence, — facts or conditions, —
opp. to idealist. Actualize, —
-cency, n. Silent assent. v. t. To make actual. —
Act'ualiza'tion, re. Acf- —
Acquire, ak-kwir', v. I. [acquired (-kwird'), -quir- uary, n. A registrar; a manager of a joint-stock com-
ing.] To gain, usually by one's own labor or exer-
'

pany, esp. of an insurance company. Act'uate, v. —

tions; to attain, earn win. Acquir'able, a. ;
Ac- — — t. To put into action incite to action.
; Actua- —
quirement, Acquisition, -zish'un, n. Act of acquir- tion, n.
ing; thing acquired attainment; gain. ;Acquisi- — Actinlform, a. Having a radiated form.
tive, -kwiz'T-tiv, a. Disposed to make acquisitions. Actinism, aklin-izm, n. A property in the solar rays
— Acquisitively, adv. Acquisitiveness, n. State— which produces chemical changes, as in photog-
of being acquisitive. (Phren.) The organ supposed raphy. —
Actinic, a. Of or pert, to, etc. Actin'o- —
[See Phrenology.]
to give rise to this desire. graph, -graf, n. An instrument for recording varia-
Acquit, ak-kwit', v. t. To set free; to release, esp. tions in the actinic force of sunlight. Actinom''- —
from an obligation, accusation, suspicion, etc.; to eter, n. An instrument for measuring the intensity
clear, absolve (refleriveh/) to bear or conduct one's
; of actinic rays.
self. —Acquitment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Aculeate, a-kule-at, a. (Bot.) Having sharp points

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ACUMEN 6 ADMIT
pointed; — used of consisting of animal fat; fatty.
, Ad'ipocere, -ser, —
prickles fixed in the bark, n. A
soft, unctuous, waxy substance, into which
opp. to thorns growing animal flesh is changed by immersion in water or
from the wood. spirit, or by burial in moist places.
Acumen, i-ku'men, n. Adit, adit, n. A
horizontal or inclined entrance into
Quickness of perception Aculeate Stem, amine; adrift: passage; approach.
or discernment penetration of mind acuteness ; Adjacent, ad-ja'sent, a. Lying near to; contiguous,
perspicuity. —
;

Acu'minate, v. t. To render sharp or

;

not touching. —
Adja'cency, n. State of being, etc.
keen. —v.i. To end in a sharp point. a. Having — Adjective, ad'jek-tiv, n. (Gram.) word used with A
a long, tapering point. Acu'minous, a. Acumi- — a substantive, to describe, limit, or define it. or to
nate. — Acu'mina'tion, n. A sharpening ; termina- denote some property of it. Ad'jectively, adv — —
tion in, etc. Adjectival, -ti'val or ad'jek-tiv-al, a. Pert, to, etc.
Acupression, ak'u-presh'un, Acupres'sure, -presh'er, Adjoin, ad-join', v. t. [adjoined (-joindO, -joining.]
n. (Surg.) The
arresting of hemorrhage from an 'lo join or unite to. —
v. i. To be contiguous, in con-
artery, etc., by passinganeedle through the wounded tact, or very near. —
Adjunct, ad'junkt, n. An ap-
vessel. —Acupuncture, -pun k'chur, n. (Med.) The pendage; a colleague.— a. Added; united. Ad- —
introduction of needles into the living tissues for junct'ly, adv. —
Adjunc'tion, n. Act of joining;
remedial purposes. thing joined. —
Adjunctive, -tiv, a. Joining ; tend
Acute, a-kuf, a. Sharp at the end pointed having ; ; ing to join. —
n. One who, or that which, etc. Ad- —
nice discernment: shrewd; having quick sensibility; junc'tively, adv.
high or shrill. (Med.) Having symptoms of sever- Adjourn, ad-jern', v.t. [adjourned (-jernd'),-JOURN-
ity, and coming speedily to a crisis, opp. to chronic. — ing.J To put off to another time; to postpone; de-
— Acute'ly, adv. Acute'ness, n. — fer; prorogue. v. i. —
To suspend business for a
Adage, ad'ej, n. A saying which has obtained credit time to close the session of a public body.
; Ad- —
by long use; maxim: proverb; aphorism. [F.j journ'ment, n. Act of adjourning; postponement;
Adagio, a-da'jo, a. (3/us.) Slow moving leisurely ; the interval during which business is suspended
—
and gracefully. re. A piece of slow music. [It. Adjudge, ad-juj', r
v. t. [adjudged (-jujd ), -judging.]
Adamant, ad'a-mant, n. A stone imagined to be of To award or decree^ to sentence. Adjudgement, n. —
impenetrable hardness ;
—
hence a diamond or other — Adjudicate, ad-joo'di-kat, v. t. To try and de-
very hard substance. termine; to adjudge. — Adju'dica'tion, n. Act of ad-
Adam's-apple, ad'amz-ap'pl, n. A species of citron, judicating; sentence; judgment; decision.
also of fianana; the projection formed by the thy- Adjunct. See under Adjoin.
roid cartilage in the neck. Adjure, ad-joor', v. t. [adjured (-joord'), -juring.]
Adapt, a-dapf. v. t. To make fit or suitable to suit; ; lo charge, command, or entreat solemnly, as if
adjust; attune.— Adaptable, a. Capable of being under oath. —
Adjura'tion, n. Act of adjuring; the
adapted. — Adaptation, n. Act of, or state of be- form of oath. —
Adjur'er, n. One who. etc.
ing, etc. — Adapt'er, n. One who adapts. iChem.) Adjust, ad-just', v. t. To make exact or conforma-
A receiver with two necks an adopter. ; ble ; to fit, set right. —Adjustable, a. —Adjust-
Add, ad, v. t. To join or unite, as one sum to another; ment, n. Act of, etc.; arrangement: settlement.
to subjoin, annex.— Ad'dible, -dable, a.— Ad'ditive, Adjutant, ad'jrio-tant, n. A military officer who as-
-tiv, a. Addible. — Ad'der, n. One who or that sists the commanding officer
which adds ; an adding machine, abacus. — Addi- in issuing orders, keeping
tion, -dish'un, n. Act of adding: thing added: in- records, etc. ; a large species
crease; augmentation. (Math.) The branch of arith- of stork, found in India.
metic which treats of adding numbers. (Mits.) A — Ad'jutancy, n Office of_a n
—
.

dot beside a note showing that its sound is to be adjutant. Adjutor, -joo /'-
lengthened one half. (Law.) title annexed to a A ter, n. A
helper. Ad-ju'trix, —
man's name. — Additional, Added more. —
a. n. A female helper. Ad'- —
—
;

Additionally, adv. — Adden'dum, n.;pl. Adden"'- juvant, a. He 1 pin g. n.

da, -da. A thing to be added; an appendix. An assistant. (Med.) A rem-
Adder, ad'der, n. A venomous serpent. edy.
Addict, ad-dikf, v. t. To apply habitually; to ac- Admeasure, ad-mezh'ur, v. t.

custom; to devote. [admeasured (-mezh'urd).

Addle, ad'dl, a. Putrid; corrupt; producing nothing; -measuring.] To take' the
barren, —v. t. To make addle, corrupt, or morbid. dimensions of: to apportion.
Address, ad-dres', r. t. [addressed (-drest r ), -dress- Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v. t.
ing.] To prepare or make ready: to direct words or [administered (-terd), -ter-
discourse to; to apply to by speech, petition, etc.; to ing.] To manage to dis- ;

direct in writing, as a letter; to woo. (Com.) To pense; to give or tender.

consign to another, as agent-or factor. n. formal — A (Law.) To settle, as an estate. Adjutant.
application, speech, discourse, etc. manner of speak- ; — v. i. To contribute to bring ; aid. To perform
ing; skill; dexterity; tact; direction of a letter, or the office of administrator. Adminlste'rial, a. —
the name, title, and residence of the person ad- Pert, to admistration. Admin'istrable, a. Capable —
dressed. In plu., attention in the way of courtship. of being, etc. —
Admin'istra'tion, n. The act of ad-
Adduce, ad-dus', v. t. [adduced (-dust'), -ddcing.] ministering; the executive part of the government;
To bring forward, quote. — Addu'cgnt, Adduc'tive, distribution; the persons collectively intrusted with
a. Bringing forward or together. — Adduc'tion, n. executing laws and superintending public affairs.
Act of, etc. (Law.) Management of the estate of one deceased.
Adept, a-depf, a. Well-skilled; completely versed; — Administrative, -tiv, a. Administering. — Ad-
proficient. — n. One who is adept in any art. min'istra'tor, n. — Admin'istra'torship, n. Office
Adequate, ad'e-kwat, a. Equal, proportionate, or cor- of, etc. — Admin'is-tra'trix, n. A woman who ad-
respondent; fully sufficient: requisite. ministers.
Adhere, iid-her', v. i. [adhered (-herd'). -hering.] Admiral. ad'mi-ral, n. A naval officer of the highest
To stick fast or cleave; to become united; to be at- rank; the ship which carries him.— Ad'miralship, n.
tached, abide by. —
Adher'ence, n. Quality or state Office of, etc. —
Ad'miralty, n. The body of officers
of adhering steady attachment.
; Adher'ent, a. — who manage naval affairs.
United with or to ; sticking. n. One who cleaves — Admire, ad-mlr r v. t. [admired (-mird'), -miring.]
,

to or supports some person or cause; partisan: fol- To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with
lower. — Adher'ently, adv.— Adhesion, -he'zhun, approbation, reverence, or affection; to estimate or
n. Act or state of sticking: the force with which prize highly, -^v. i. To wonder; to marvel. Ad- —
distinct bodies adhere when their surfaces are
brought in contact. — mir'er, ». One who admires; a lover. Ad'mirable, —
Adhesive, -he'siv, a. Sticky; -mT-ra-bl, a. Worthy of admiration; rare; excellent.
tenacious, as glutinous substances. —
Ad'mirably, adv. Ad'mira'tion, n. Wonder — ;
Adieu, a-du', wlr. Goort-by; farewell. esn. wonder mingled with esteem, love, etc.
Adipose, ad'Y-pSs, Ad'ipous, -pus, a. Pert, to, or Admit, ad-mit', v. t. To grant entrance to; to receive
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 ADMIX AERATE
as true; to concede; to be capable of .— Admit 'tedly, -tish'us, a. Added extrinsically; casual. (Bot.) Outy
adv. Confessedly. — Admittance, n. Act of ad- of the usual place. —
Adventi'tiously, adv. Ad- —
mitting. (Law.) The giving possession of property. ven'tive, -tiv, a. Accidental; adventitious. Ad- —
—
—
Admis'sible, -sT-bl, a. Worthy of being admitted.
Admis'sive, —
ven'tual, -chu-al a. Pert, to the season of Advent.
,

Adventure, ad-Ven'chur, n. Hazard risk chance ;

Admis'sibii'ity, n. Quality of, etc. ; ;

-siv, a. Conceding. —Admission, -misb/un,- «. Act an enterprise of hazard; a remarkable occurrence;

of admitting; permission to enter; access; the grant- a thing sent to sea at the sender's risk. v. t. [ad- —
ing of a position not fully proved. ventured (-churd), -Turing.] To put at hazard; to -

Admiz, ad-miks', v. t. To mingle with something else. risk; to run the' risk of attempting. ?•. i. To try —
— Admix'ture, -chur, n. A mixing ; what is mixed. the chance to dare.— Adven'turer, n. One who, etc.
;

Admoni3h, ad-mon'ish, v. t. ["admonished (-isht), —

— Adven'turesome, -sum, a. Incurring hazard; bold.
-isiiing.] To reprove gently; to counsel against Adven'turous, a. Inclined to adventure; daring;
wrong ; to instruct, advise. — Admon'isher, Ad- attended with risk. —
Adven'turously, adv. Ad- —
moartion, -nisb/un, n. Gentle reproof; advice.— ven'turousness, n.
Admon'itive, -l-tiv, -itory, a. Containing admoni- Adverb, ad' verb, n. {Gram.) word modifying theA
tion. sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb.
Adnascent, ad-nas'ent, a. Growing to or on some- — Adver'bial, a. Relating to or like, etc. Adver'- —
thing else. bially, adv. —
Adver'bialize, v. t. To give the force
Ado, a-doo', n. Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty. or form of, etc.
Adobe, a-do'ba, n. An unburnt, sun-dried brick. [Sp.] Adverse, ad'vers, a. Acting in a contrary direction ;

Adolescent, ad-o-les'ent, a. Growing; advancing conflicting; unfortunate. —Ad' verseness, n.— Ad-
from childhood to maturity. — Adolescence, -ens, ver'sity, n. An event or series of events attended
n. Youth the years from 14 to 25 in men, and 12 to with misfortune affliction; distress.
; Ad' versary, —
21 in women.
;

n. One who is opposed; antagonist; foe. a. Ad- —

Adopt, a-dopf, v. t. To select and take as one's own verse ; antagonistic. —
Adver'sative, -tiv, a. Not-
when not so before.— Adopt'er, n. One who adopts. ing opposition or antithesis between connected prop-
(Chem.) A receiver with two necks. Adoption, n. — ositions; — applied to the conjunctions but, however,
Act of, cr state of being, etc.; receiving as one's own yet, etc. — n. An adversative word.
what is not natural. (Theol.) Man s acceptance, Advert, ad-vert', v. i. To turn the mind or attention;
through God's grace, on justifuation by faith. to regard, observe. —
Adver'tence, n. Attention;
Adore, a-dor', v. t. [adored (a-dord'), adoring.] To consideration. —
Adver'tent, a. Attentive; heedful.
worship with profound reverence; to love intensely. Advertise, ad-ver-tiz', v. t. or i. [advertised
— Ador'er, n. A worshiper; a lover. Ador'able, — (-tizd'), -tising.] To inform ; to make known
a. — Adora'tion, n. Worship paid to a divine being; through the press. —Advertisement, -ver'tiz-ment,
homage to one in high esteem. or -ver-tlz'ment, n. Information public notice ;

Adorn, a-dQrn', v. t. [adorned (a-d6rndO, adorning.] through the press. —

Advertiser, _-tiz'er, n.
To render beautiful; to decorate, embellish, set-off, Advise, ad-viz', v. t. [advised (-vizd'), -vising.] To
ornament. —
Adorn'ment, n. Ornament; embellish- counsel; to give information to; to apprise; to ac-
ment. quaint, consult. v. i. —
To deliberate to weigh ;

Adrift, a-driff, a. or adv. Floating at random. or consider. —

Advis'able, a. Fit to be advised; ex-
Adroit, a-droit', a. Possessing or exercising skill or pedient. —
Advis'ably, adv. —
Advis'ableness, n.
dexterity; ready in invention or execution; expert; Fitness propriety. —
Advis'edly, adv. With full
—
;

clever. —Adroit 1y, adv. Adroit'ness, n. knowledge; purposely. —

Advis'edness, n. Deliber-
Adulation, ad-u-la'shun, n. Servile flattery; syco- ate consideration. —
Advise'ment, n. Counsel; con-
phancy. —
Ad'ula'tor, -ter, n. servile flatterer. A — sultation; consideration. —
Advis^er, n. One who,
Ad'ulatory, a. etc.; a counselor. —
Advi'sory, a. Having power
Adult, a-dult', a. Having arrived at mature years, to advise; containing advice. —
Advice, ad-vis', n.
or to full size and strength. n. person or thing — A An opinion offered, as worthy to be followed; sug-
grown to maturity. gestion; information as to the "state of affairs coun- ;

Adulterate, a-duKter-at, v. t. To debase or make im- sel; intelligence.

pure by admixture of baser materials; to contam- Advocate, ad'vo-kat, n. One who pleads a cause; esp.
inate; to corrupt, —a. Tainted with adultery; de- one who pleads the cause of another before a tri-
based. — Adul'tera'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- bunal. —
v. t. To plead in favor of; to maintain by
ing, etc. —
Adul'terant, n One who, or that which,
. argument; to defend, support, vindicate. Ad'vo- —
etc.— Adul'tery, n. Violation of the marriage-bed. cacy, -ka-sT, Advoca'tion, n. Act of, etc.; interces-
(Script.) Violation of one's religious covenant. — sion.
Adul'terer, n. A
man guilty of adultery. —AduK- Advowson, ad-vow'zun, n. (Eng. Law.) The
right
teress, n. —
A woman, etc. Adul'terine, -Tn or -In, of presenting or nominating to a vacant benefice.
a. Proceeding from adultery. n. A child born in, — — Advowee, -vow-e', or Advow'er, n. One who
etc. — Adul'terous, a. Pert, to, or guilty of, etc. presents, etc.
Advance, ad-vans', v. t. [advanced (-vanst'), -van- Adz, Adze, adz, n. A
carpenter's tool for
Cing.] To bring forward to raise in rank to ac-
; ; chipping.
celerate the growth or progress of to help on to ; ; jiudile, Edile, e'dil, n. An officer in ancient
offer or propose; to suppl3 r beforehand; to pay for Rome who cared for public buildings,
others, in expectation of re-imbursement. v. i. To — streets, public spectacles, etc.
move forward; to improve; to rise in rank, etc. n. iEgis, e'jis, n. A Mi-
shield, esp.
Act of advancing; approach; improvement. (Com.) nerva's shield ; anything that pro-
Additional price or profit; a tender; an offer; a fur- tects.
nishing of something before an equivalent is re- Siolian, e-o'lT-an, a. Pert, to iEolia
ceived; money or goods thus furnished. a. Be- — or iEolis, in Asia Minor ; pert, to
fore in place or time —
used for advanced, as, an iEolus, god of the winds; pert, to,
—
;

advance-guard. Advanced, -vanst', p. p. Pro- or produced by, the wind. -Siolian —

gressive; imbued with novel ideas. Advance'ment, — attachment. A
contrivance for con*
n. Act or state of, etc.; improvement; promotion; verting a pianoforte into a wind in-
payment in advance. —
Advan'cer, n. A promoter. strument. —
^olian harp. A box
Advantage, ad-van'tej, n. Any state, condition, etc.,
favorable to some desired end; superiority of state,
on which are stretched strings, on
which the wind produces musical
^ z
or that which gives it; benefit; profit. v. t. [ad- notes. — ^olic, e-ol'ik, a. Pert, to ^Eolia.
vantaged (-tajd), -taging.] To benefit, to pro- ^on, Eon, e'on, n. A great, indefinite, or infinite,
mote. — Advantageous, -ta'jus, a. Being of, or space of time.
furnishing, etc.; profitable: beneficial. Advanta'- — Aerate, a'er-at, v. t. To impregnate or combine with
feously, adv. —
Advanta'geousness, n. carbonic acid gas: to supply with common air or with
vent, ad'vent, n. A coming; approach; esp. the oxygen. —
Aera'tion, n. Act or process of, etc.;
coming of Christ a season of devotion including
: exposure of soil to the action of the air. Aerial, —
four Sundays before Christmas. Adventitious, — a-e'rT-al, a. Pert, to the air, or atmosphere; consist-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 AERIE AGARIC
j ing of, inhabiting or frequenting, or existing in, the communication of divine knowledge; the inspira-
air high lofty. —
A'eriform, a. Having the form tion of a poet. — Affla'tion, n. A breathing on.
of
;

air, as gas.
;

— A'erify, -f 1, v. t. To change into Afflict, af-flikt', v. to overthrow;

t. To strike down;
an aeriform state.— A'erolite, n. A stone falling to give continued pain to cause to suffer dejection
from, etc.; meteoric stone. A'erom'eter, n. An — to trouble, harass. Afflict'er, n. —
Afflict 'ing, a.
;

—
instrument for measuring the weight or density of Causing pain grievous ; distressing.— Affliction,
gases. —
A/erom'etry, n. Art or science of ascertain- -flik'shun, n.
;

Cause of continued pain, state of

ing the mean bulk of gases. A'eronaut', -nawt, — being afflicted; sorrow; adversity. Afflict 'ive, — -iv,
n. An aerial navigator balloonist. A'eronaut'ic, — a. Giving or causing, etc. Afflict'ively, adv. —
a. Pert, to, etc. —
A'eronaut'ics, n. Science or art
:

Affluent, af'floo-ent, a. Wealthy; plentiful, n. — A

of sailing in a balloon. A'erophyte', -fit, n. A — stream flowing into a river or lake.— Affluence, -ens,
plant deriving support from air. -ency, n. Abundance, esp. of riches; opulence. Af- —
Aerie, e'rT or a'ri, n. The nest of an eagle or other fluently, adv. —
Afflux, affluks, Affluxion, -fluk'-
bird of prey. shun, n. Act of flowing to; that which flows to.
JEruginous, e-roo'jl-nus, a. Pert, to, or partaking of, Afford, af-ford', v. t. To yield or produce; to give,
copper-rust. grant, sell, or expend, with profit or without loss;
Esthetic, Esthetic, es-thet'ik, a. Pert, to aesthetics. to impart confer. ;

—
iEsthet'ics, n. sing. The theory or philosophy of Affray, af-fra', n. (Law.) Fighting in a public
taste science of the beautiful in nature and art.
;
'

place,' causing fear; a tumultuous assault; quarrel;

Afar, a-far', adv. At a great distance; remote. |
brawl.
Affable, af'fa-bl, a. Ready to converse easy of ac- Affreight, af-frat', v. t. To hire, as a ship, to trans-
cess courteous complaisant condescending.
; ;
;

— port goods or freight. Aflr6ight'ment, n. The en- —

Affably, adv.
;

—
Affabil'ity, n. Quality of being, ;
gagement or chartering, etc.
etc.; urbanity; civility. Affright, af-frit', v. t. To impress with sudden fear;
Affair, af-far', n. Business of any kind esp. public
\

to appall, shock, alarm. n. Sudden and great fear; —

;

—
i

business. {Mil.) engagement of troops. An terror. Affright'edly, adv.

To act upon to produce a Affront, af-frunf, n. Any reproachful or contemptu-
I

Affect, af-fekt', v. t.
—
;
I

change in to influence, imitate, put on a pretense ous action; offense. v. t. To offend by manifest-
of. — ;

Affecta'tion, n. Assumption of what is not ing disrespect; to insult, provoke, outrage. Af- —
natural; false pretense. Affect'ed, p. a. Assum- — front'er, n. —
Affronfive, -iv, a. Abusive, insult-
ing or pretending to possess, etc. assumed artifi- ; ing.— Affront 'ingly, adv.
cially. (Alg.) Compounded containing different ; Afield, a-fekf, adv. To, in, or on the field; out of the
powers of the unknown quantity (written also Ad- way.
—
fected). Affect'edly, adv. In an affected manner. Afire, a-fTr', a. or adv. On fire.
— —
Affect'edness, n. —
Affect 'er, n. Affect'ing, p. Aflame, a-flanf, adv. In flames; glowing with light.
a. Having power to move the passions; pathetic. Afloat, a-flof, adv. In a floating state; passing from
— Affect'ingly, adv. — Affec'tion, n. An attribute, place to place; unfixed; without guide or control.
quality, or property, inseparable from its subject; Afoot, a-fo^f, adv. On foot; in action; in a condition
inclination of the mind toward a particular object; for action.
love; attachment. (Med.) Disease. Affec'tionate, — Afore, a-for', adv. or prep. Before. Afore'going, —
a. Having or proceeding from, etc. tender; fond ; ; a. Going before; foregoing; previous. hand, adv.
— — Beforehand; before. men'tioned, -shund, adv.
warm-hearted.
tioned. -shund, a.
Affec'tionately, adv. Affec'-
Inclined; disposed; affected.—
Affect'ive, -iv, a. Affecting, or exciting emotion.
Spoken of or named before.
Premeditated.
thought, -thawt, a.
time, adv. In time past of old.
— ;

Affettuoso, af-fet-too-o'zo. (Mus.) direction to ren- A Afoul, a-fowl

r a. or adv. Not free; entangled.
,

der notes soft or affecting. adv. Tenderly. [It.] — Afraid, a-frad', a. Struck with fear or apprehen-
Affiance, af-fi'ans, n. Plighted faith; marriage con- sion; timid.
tract; trust; confidence, —v. t. [affianced (-anst), Afresh, a-fresh', adv. Anew; over again.
-ancing.] To betroth to pledge fidelity in mar-
; Afrit, af-rit', Afrite, -ret', Afreet' n. (Moham. Myth.) ,

riage, promise marriage to, give confidence to, trust. A powerful evil jinnee or demon.
— Affi'ancer, n. One who makes a marriage contract Afront, a-frunt', adv. In front.
between parties. —
Affiant, n. {Law.) One who Aft, aft, adv. or a. (Naut.) Astern, or toward the
makes affidavit. —Affida'vit, «. (Law.) A declara- stern abaft.
; —
Fore and aft. From one end of the
tion, signed and made upon oath. vessel tothe other.
Affiliate, af-fil'Y-at, v. t. To adopt as a son, receive Behind in place; later in time;
After, aft'er, prep.
into fellowship to ally to receive into a society
; : moving toward from behind; in pursuit of; in im-
as a member. (Law.) To assign an illegitimate itation of; according to the influence of; in relation
child to the father. —
AffiFia'tioh, n. Adoption ; as- to. —
adv. Subsequently. a. Later; subsequent. —
sociation in the same family or society; assignment (Naut.) More aft.— Aft'ermost, -most, a. Hindmost.
of an illegitimate child to the father. — Aft'erward, -wards, -wurdz, adv. In later or suc-
Affinage, af'fin-ej, n. A
refining of metals. [F.] ceeding time subsequently. ; Affer-birth, -berth, —
Relationship by marriage; n. The placenta, cord, and membranes inclosing
Affinity, af-fin'i-tT, ?i.
close agreement; conformity; connection. (Chem.)
That attraction which takes place, at an insensible
the fetus, which come away after delivery.
n. An unexpected subsequent event.
clap, —
distance, between particles, and forms compounds.
Affirm, af-ferm', v. t. [affirmed (-fermd'), -firm-
A second crop. — crop, n.
damp, n. Choke-damp; carbonic
acid gas following the explosion of fire-damp in
ing.] To confirm, establish, or ratify; to assert pos-
—
To declare positively. (Law.)
mines. —
glow, n. A
kind of second twilight, some-
math, m. A second crop
tively, aver. v. i.
To promise, before a magistrate or tribunal, to tell
the truth, under pain of perjury. Affirma'tion, —
times following sunset.
of grass in the same year; rowen.
from noon to evening.
noon', n. Time
pains, n. pi. Pains after
—
n. Act of, etc.; that which is "asserted; ratifica- delivery, caused by the after-birth, or by clots. —
tion. (Law.) Declaration by one -conscientiously -piece, n. Apiece performed after a play. sails,
unable to make oath.— Affirm' ative, -tiv, a. Affirm- n. pi. (Naut.) The sails on the mizzen mast and
ing, —
opp. to negative; confirmative; ratifying. its stays. state, n. The future life. thought,
n. A
word expressing assent; an affirmative" propo- -thawt, n. Something thought of after an act; later
sition; that side of a question which affirms or thought or expedient.
maintains, —
opp. to negative. Affirm'atively, adv. — Aga, a'ga, n. A Turkish commander or chief officer.
— Affirm'er, n. Again, a-gen', adv. Another time; once more; in re-
Affix, af-fiks', v. t. [affixed (-fixf), -fixing.] To turn back
; . —
Again and again. Often repeatedly. ;

add at the end; to attach or connect; to fix or fasten —Against, a-genst', prep. Abreast of; opposite to; in
in any manner; to annex. —Affix, af'fiks, n. syl-
lable or letter joined to the end of a word; a suffix.
A opposition to in preparation for.
;

Agape, a-gap', adv. Gaping, as with wonder.

— Affixion, -fik'shun, n. Act of affixing; addition. Agaric, ag'a-rik, n. (Bot.) family of fungi, includ- A
— Affixture, -fiks'chur, n. That which is, etc. ing mushrooms an excrescence growing on the trunk
;

Afflatus, af-fla'tus, n. A
breath or blast of wind; of trees, used for tinder, in dyeing, and in medicine;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; fn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 AGATE AID
touchwood. — Agaric mineral. A deposit of carbon- brisk. — Ag'ilenoss, Quality
Agility, a-jiKl-tl, n.
ate of lime. of being, etc._
Agate, ag'et, n. A
precious stone, variety of- quartz. Agitate, 'aj'i-tat, v. t. To move with a violent irreg-
(Print.) A
kind of type, larger than pearl and small- ular action to shake to disturb or excite to dis-
: ; ;

er than nonpareil;— England called ruby. m cuss earnestly; to consider on all sides to revolve,
—
;

debate. Agita'tion, n. Act of, or state of being,

SglP" This line is printed in the type called agate. etc. perturbation of mind discussion. Agita'- —
— Agatine, -tin, a. Pert, to
;

tivo, -tiv, a. Having power or tendency to, etc.

;

—
or resembling, agate.— Ag'- Agita'tor, -ter, n,
atize, -tlz, v. t. f agatized Aglow, a-glo'j adv. Hot; bright with warmth; glowing.
(-tizd), -tizing.j con- To Agnail, agonal, n. Inflammation round a nail; a whit-
vert into, etc.—Ag'aty, -tT, low.
a. Of the nature of, etc. Agnate, ag'nat, a. (Law.) Related on the father's
Agave, a-ga've, n. A genus side. n. — A
male relation by the father's side. —
of plants ; the American Agna'tion, n. Descent in the male line. Agna'tic, —
aloe, or century plant, from a. Pert, to, etc.
the juice of which the liq- Agnomen, ag-no'men, a. A name added, among the
uor jpulque is made. '
Romans, in celebration of some exploit. [L.]
Age, a], n. Whole duration Agnostic, ag-nos'tik, a. Professing ignorance in- ;

of a being; the part of one's volving no dogmatic assertion leaving undeter-

life previous toa given time; mined. —
n. One who, etc. —
Agnos'ticism, n. The
;

the latter part of life; legal condition of neither affirming nor denying, on the
maturity ; a particular pe- score of ignorance. (Theol.) The doctrine that the
riod of time in history; the existence of a personal Deity can be neither asserted
people of a particular pe- nor denied, proved nor disproved, because of the
riod; hence, a generation; a limits of the human mind, or of the insufficiency of
century era.— v. i. ; To grow - evidence, —
opp. to atheism and to theism; also, the
old; to show marks
of age." belief of a Christian sect of the third century, that
Aged, a'jed, a. Ad God did not know all things.
vanced in age
age; old
'
'
ancient
'
; ; Ago, a-go', adv. or a. Past; gone.
-7i.pl. Old
'Idp
persons. Agedly, a'jed-ll, adv. Like Agog, a-gog', a. or adv. Highly excited by eagerness
an aged person. after an object.
Agendum, a-jen'dum, n. ; pi. Agen'da, -da. Some- Agoing, a-go'ing,^ pi\ In motion; going; ready to go.
thing to be done; a memorandum-book a ritual or Agony, ag'o-nt, n. Pain that causes writhing or con- ;

liturgy. [L.] tortions of the body, like those in athletic contests

Agent, a'jent, n. A
person or thing that acts or has anguish pang. — Ag'ouist, n. One who contends ;

power to act one intrusted with the business of an-

;

for the prize in public games. — Ag'onism, -nizm,

for, etc. — Agonistic, -ical, a. Re-
;

other a substitute a deputy a factor an active n. Contention

;

power or cause. —
A'gentship, n. The office of an
; ; ;

lating to prize-fighting, or to bodily or mental con-

agent; agency. —
A'gency, a'jen-sT, n. Quality or test. —
Ag'onize, v. i. [agonized (-nizd), -nizing.]
state of, etc. instrumentality office or duties of, etc.
; ; To writhe with agony; to suffer anguish, —v. t. To
bureau of, etc. distress; to torture.— Ag'onizingly, adv.
Agglomerate, ag-glom'er-at, v. t. To wind into a Agrarian, a-gra r r*-an, a. Relating or tending to
ball to gather into a mass. — v. i. To collect into a equal division of lands. (Lot.) Growing wild. —it.
— Agglom'era'tion, n.
;

ball. Act of, or state of being, One who favors equal division of property.
/r
etc. Agree, a-gre', v. i. [agreed (-gred ), agreeing.]
Agglutinate, ag-glu'tt-nat, v. t. To glue or cause to To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action to
—
;

adhere to unite by causing adhesion.

; Agglu'ti- yield assent, come to terms, resemble. (Gram.) To
na'tion, n. Act of uniting, or state of being united.— correspond in gender, number, case, or person.—
Agglu'tina'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to unite. Agglu'- — Agree'able, a. Suitable; in pursuance or accord-
tinant, a. Uniting. n. viscous adhesive sub- — A ance pleasing ; ready to agree. Agree'abil'ity, —
stance.
;

Agree'ableness, n. Quality of being, etc. Agree'- —

Aggrandize, ag'gran-diz, v. t. [aggrandized (-dizd), ably, adv. —
Agree'ment, n. A
state of, etc. ( Gram.)
-dizing.] To enlarge; to make great or greater in Concord of one word with another in gender, num-
power, rank, honor, etc. ; to augment exalt in- ; ; ber, etc. (Law.) Union of minds in a thing done or
crease. —
Aggrandizement, -gran'diz-ment, n. Act to be done a bargain, compact, or contract.
;

of, or state of being, etc. Ag'grandi'zer, n. — One Agriculture, ag'rT-kul-chur, n. The art or science of
who, etc. cultivating the ground;' tillage; husbandry. Ag- —
Aggravate, ag'gra-vat, v. t. To make worse, more ricultural, a. —
Agriculturist, n. One skilled in,
severe, to enhance; to give an ex-
more enormous ;
etc.
aggerated representation of; to provoke or irritate; Agrimony, ag'rT-mo-m, n. A wild plant having yel-
to tease. Aggravation, -va'shun, n. Actof, or that low flowers.
which, etc. ; exaggerated representation ; provoca- Agrin, a-grin', adv. In the act of grinning.
tion ; irritation. Agriology, ag-ri-ol'o-ji, n. The comparative study of
Aggregate, ag'gre-gat, v. t. To bring together to ; human customs, esp. of men in their natural state.
collect into a sum
or mass to accumulate, pile. Agrostis, a-gros'tis, n. (Lot.) A genus of grasses
— a.
; ;_

Formed by parts -collected. (Law.) United bent-grass; red-top.

in one body corporate. —
n. An assemblage of par- Aground, a-grownd /\ adv. On the ground; stranded.
ticulars; sum total; lump.— Aggregation, n. Act Ague, a'gu, n. Chilliness; an intermittent fever, at-
of, or state of being, etc. —
Ag'gregative, -tiv, a. tended bv alternate cold and hot fits. — A'guish, a.
Causing aggregation collective. —
Ag'grega'tively, Ah, ii, interj. An exclamation, expressive of surprise,
adv. — Ag'gregator, -ter, n. One who, etc. ;

pity, contempt, joy, pain, etc.— Aha, a-ha', interj.

Aggress, ag-gres', [aggressed (-gresf), -gress-
v. t. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or
Ing.] To make attack to begin a quarrel.a first — |

simple surprise.
n. Attack. —
Aggression, -gresh'un, n. First at-
;
I

Ahead, a-hed', adv. Farther forward; onward.

tack; act leading to controversy invasion; encroach- Ahoy, a-hoi r interj. A sailor's call to attract attention.
ment. — Aggressive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc. — Ag-
; ,

Ahull, a-huK, adv. With the sails furled, and the

gressively, adv. — Aggressiveness, n. — Aggres'- helm lashed on the lee side.
sor. -ser, n. Aid, ad, v. t. To support, by furnishing means to
Aggrieve, ag-grev', v. t. [aggrieved (-grevd /'), -griev- effect apurpose or prevent evil to assist, succor,
ing.] To give pain to to afflict to oppress or in- ; ; befriend, n. —
Help; the person or thing that aids;
;

jure ; to harass. an aid-de-camp.— Aid'ance, n. Assistance.— Aid-de-

Aghast, a-gasf, a. or adv. Struck with amazement; camp, ad'de-kaN, n. ; pi. Aids-de-camp, adz-. (Mil.)
stupefied with sudden fright or horror. One who assists a general officer in his military
Agile, aj'il, a. Quick of motion nimble lively ; ; duties. [F.] —
Aid'er, n. —
Aid'ful, -ful, a.

stin, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tfcen, boNboN, chair, get.
 AIL 10 ALFALFA
To affect with strike at a particular hour..— Alarum, a-la/rum. n.
All, SI, v. i. [ailed (aid), ailing.] —
pain, physical or mental to trouble. v. L To — Same as Alarm; applied to a contrivance attached
—
;

feel pain; to be troubled. Ail, Ail'ment, n. Slight to a«clock for calling attention.
disease; indisposition; pain. Alas, a-las', interj. An
exclamation expressive of sor-
Ailantus, a-lan^tus, n. genus of trees, native Aof row, pity, concern,
India and China; — commonly, but improperly, or apprehension of
evil.
spelt ailanthus. m . l . ,
An
Aim, am. v.i. [aimed (amd), aiming.] To point with Alb, alb, n. ec-
a missive weapon; to direct the intention or pur- clesiastical vest-
pose. v. t. —
To direct or point, as a weapon; to di-
The pointing or
ment
en.
of white lin-
rect to a particular object.— n.
directing to an object, with a view to hit or affect Albatross, al'ba-
it; the point to be hit, or affected: intention;
direc- tros, n. A very
tion end; endeavor.— Aimless, «.
;
Aimlessly, — large web-footed
sea-bijd of the
Air, a'r, n. The breathe; the atmosphere; a
fluid we Southern Ocean.
gas, a*, fixed air; a light breeze look or mien. : Albata, al-ba'ta, j

(Mus.) A —
melodv or tune. n. pi. An affected, vain German silver, a
manner. — To expose to the air to ventilate.
v. t. ; alio}' of coppert
— Air'ing, n. Exposure to air; an excursion in the zinc (or tin), Albatross.
open air. — Airy, ar'I, a. Pert, to, made of, or re- nickel.
sembling air exposed
air; to the air; .un-
high in ; Albeit, awl-belt, conj. Although; be it so; notwith-
substantial; -frivolous: lively. {Paint.) Having the standing.
light and aerial tints true to nature. Air'ily, adv. — Albelen, al'be-len, n. A fish of the trout species.
In an airy manner; gayly.— Air'iness, n. Openness Albertype, al r ber-tip, n. A
picture printed from a
to the air; levity; gayety. Air 'bath, n. ar- — An gelatine plate prepared by means of a photographic
rangement for drying substances in air of any de- negative.
sired temperature. -bed, n. —
air-tight bag. in- An Albigenses, al'bi-jen'sez, n. pi. A
party of reformers,
flated, and used as a bed. bladder, n. organ An who separated from the church of Rome in the
—
|

in fishes, containing: air, bv which their buoyancy 12th century: so called from Albi, in Languedoc.
isregulated, —
-brake, a. \ Slack.) contrivance A Albino, al-brno, n. ; pi. Albi'xos. person or ani- A
for stopping the motion of car-wheels by the use of mal having preternatural whiteness of skin, flaxen
compressedTair. brick, n. An iron box of the hair, and pink iris.
size of a brick, built into walls for ventilation.— Albion, al'bi-un, n. A poetic name of England.
-cells, n. pi. Cavities for air in the leaves, stems, etc., Albugineous, al-bu-jin'T-us, a. Pertaining to the white
of plants minute bronchial cells, in animals air- of an egg, and hence to the white of the eye.
saes .
—
drain, n.
;

A
space round the walls of a build-
ing, to prevent dampness,— -gun, n. A gun discharged
;

Album, aKbum, n. A
blank book, for therinsertion
of autographs, photographs, literaiy memorials, etc.
by' the elastic force of air. hole. n. An opening Albumen, al-bu'men, n. (Bot.) Nourishing matter
for air; a hole produced by a bubble of air. plant, found in seeds. (I'hysiol.) A substance existing
n. A
-plant apparently nourished by air only: an nearly pure in the white of egg, and its chief com-
epiphyte. —
-poise, -poiz, n. ponent.
An instrument for ascer- Alburnum, al-ber'num, n. The white and softer part.
taining the weight of the of wood next to the bark: sap-wood.
air. —pump, n. A ma- Alcaid, al-kad', n. In Spain, the governor of a castle,
fort, or the like; a jailer or warden.
chine for exhausting the air
from vessels. sacs, 71.pl.
Receptacles for air in the
— Alcalde, al-kal'de, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge.
Alcedo, al-se'do, n. A
perching bird; kingfisher.
bodies of birds, which com- Alchemy, al'ke-mi, n. Occult chemistry; an ancient
municate with the lungs, science which aimed to transmute base metals into
Air-pump. Alchemic, —
and render the body spe-
cifically lighter.
mine. —
-tight, a. Impermeable to air.
— shaft, n.
trunk, n.
A passage for air into a
—
gold, find the universal medicine, etc.
a. Relating to alchemy.
Al'chemist, n. One versed in v etc.
—
Alchem'ically, adv.—
Alchemist'- —
roof.
which couvev
—
Aventilating shaft, opened from the ceiling to the
vessels, n.
air.
Vessels in plants or animals,
ical, a.
Alcohol, al'ko-hol, n. Pure or highly rectified spirits;
ardent spirits in general.
Aisle, il, n. (Arch.) The wing of a building; a lateral 1 Alcoran. See Koran. _
division of a church, separated from the nave bv Alcove, al'kov or al-koV, n. A
recess, or part of a
piers; a passage in a church, etc., into which pews or room, separated from the rest by a partition.
seats open. —
Aisled, lid, a. Having; aisles. [
Alder, awKder, n. A
tree or shrub of several vari-
Ajar, a-jar', adv. Partly open, as a door. eties.
A
j

Akimbo, a-kim'bo, a. With elbow bent outward. j

Alderman, awYder-man, n. ; pi. Al'der-men. mag-
Akin, a-kin', a. Related by blood; allied bv nature. istrate or officer of a city or town corporation.
Alabaster, aKa-bas-ter, «. (Mia.) A compact variety Ale, al, n. A
liquor made from malt by fermentation;
of sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture. a. — an English countrj" festival, so called from the liquor
Pert, to, or resembling, etc. drunk.
Alack, a-lak', Alackaday, a-lak'a-da, interj. Excla- Alee, a-le', adv. (Naut.) On the
mitions expressive of sorrow. side opposite to the side on which
Alacrity, a-lak'rT-tf, n. Cheerful readiness; ardor; the wind strikes.
liveliness: promotitude. Alembic. a-lem'tak, n. chemi- A
Alamode, al-a-mod', adv. According to the mode or cal vessel, formerly used in dis-
fashion. n. —
A thin, glossy, black silk. [F.] tillation.
Alarm, a-lann', n. A summons to arms; a notice of Alert, a-l5rt a. Watchful vigi-
/r

approaching danger; surprise with fear or terror; ap- lant moving with celerity. ;
, :

—
prehension a mechanical contrivance for awaking Upon the alert. Upon the watch.
— —
;

persons from sleep. r. t. Talarmed (a-larmdO, Alert'ly, adv. Alert'ness, —

alarming ] To call to arms for defense; to fill with n. Briskness watchfulness
—
:

apprehension to disturb. Alarm'ingly, adv.

; —
promptitude: nimbleness.
Alembic,
Alarm 'ist, n. One who excites alarm.— Alarm'-bell, Alewife, al'wif, n. ; pi. Ale'wives,
ft. Abell that gives notice of danger. -clock, —
-wivz. An American fish resembling a herring.
n. A
clock made to ring at a particular hour. —
Alexandrine, al'egz-an'drin, n. A verse of twelve syl-
-gauje, -gaj, n. A
contrivance applied to boilers to lables, or six iambic feet; so called from a French —
show when the steam is too strong or water too low. poem on the life of Alexander.
post, n. A place to which troops repair in case of Alfalfa, al-faKfa, n. A perennial plant, allied to
alarm. watch, n. watch that can be set to A clover.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; Tn, ice : Sdd, tone, 8r;
 ALGA 11 ALLOPATHY
Alga, aKga, n. ; pi. ALG.E, aKje. grand division of A altogether. — n. The whole number, quantity, or
eryptogamic plants, embracing sea-weeds. amount; the total. — All along. Continually; reg-
Algarot, al'ga-rot, n. An emetic powder, prepared ularly. — All that. A collection of similar things;
from antimony. et csetera. — All-fools' -day. The 1st of April, when
Algebra, aKje-bra, n. (3fath.) That branch of anal- a custom to play tricks, or make fools.
it is All- —
ysis which investigates the relations and properties fours. A
game of cards, containing four chances.
of numbers by means of letters and other symbols. To go on all fours, to move on four legs, or on two
— Algebraic, -bralk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or performed legs and two arms or hands. All-hail. All health; —
by, etc. —Algebraically, adv. By means of, etc. — a phrase of salutation. —
All-hallow, -hallows, -hal-
AVgebraist, n. One skilled in, etc. lowmas. All-Saints'-day. —
All-hallow-tide. The
Algid, al'jid, a. Chilled with cold. AKgide, -jid, a. — time near All-Saints'. —
All-Saints'-day. The first
Characterized by great coldness, said of certain dis- day of November, a feast in honor of all the saints.
eases. — Algidity, n. —
Algific, -jifik, a. Produ- —All-souls' -day. The second of November, a Ro-
cing cold. —
Al'gor, -g6r, n. {Med.) Unusual cold- man Catholic solemnity, when the souls of the faith-
ness; chill at the onset of fever. ful are prayed for. Allspice. —
An aromatic berry
Alguazil, al-ga-zeK, n. A
Spanish officer of justice. of the West Indies. —
All-sufficient. Sufficient for
Alias, ali-as, adv. Otherwise; otherwise called; a — every thing. —All told. All counted; including the
term used in legal proceedings to connect the differ- whole number.— At all. phrase of enforcementA
ent names of a party who has gone by two or sev- or emphasis, signifying, in the least; under any cir-
eral, and whose true name is doubtful. n. (Law.) — cumstances.
A second or further writ issued after one has expired Allah, alia, n. Arabic name ofthe Supreme Being.
without effect an assumed name. [L.]
; Allay, al-la', v. t. [allayed (-lad'), allaying.] To
Alibi, aKY-bi, n. (Law.) When
one on trial for crime put at rest, appease, abate, mitigate, or subdue.
shows that he was elsewhere when the act was com- Allay. See Alloy.
mitted, he is said to prove an alibi; hence, the de- Allege, al-lej', v. t. [alleged (-lejd'), alleging.]
fense under which this proof is made, [i.., else- To bring forward with positiveness to produce, as ;

where.] an argument, plea, or excuse. —Allegation, al-le-

Alien, aKyen, a. Not belonging to the same country; ga'shun, n. Positive declaration.
foreign T different in nature. n. —
foreigner; a A Allegiance, al-le'jans, n. Obligation of a subject to
foreign-born resident of a country, in which he has his prince or government loyalty. ;

not citizenship. —
Alienage, n. State of being an Allegory, alle-go-ri, n. A
story in which the direct
alien. — Alienate, v. t. To convey or transfer to and literal meaning is not the real or principal one,
another, as title, property, or right; to make indif- but images forth some important truth; figurative
ferent or averse to estrange. a. Estranged. — — description. —
Allegoric, -g5r'ik, -ical, a. In the
manner of, etc.; figurative. — Allegorize, -riz, v. t.
;

Al'ienalion, m. (Law.) A
transfer of title, or legal
conveyance of property, to another. State of being allegorized (-rizd), -rizing.] To ioriTi or turn
alienated or transferred estrangement, as of the
[
into, etc. to understand in an allegorical sense. —
affections derangement insanity.
;

Alienator,
; — v. i.
;

—
To use, etc. Allegoriza'tion, n.
—
;

-ter, n. One who, etc. Aliene, al-yen', v. t. To Allegretto, al-la-gretlo, a. (Mus.) Quicker than an-
eonvey_ or transfer, as property; to estrange. —Al- dante, but not so quick as allegro. [It.]
ienee, "al-yen-el n. One to whom a thing is sold. Allegro, al-la'gro, a. (Mus.) Quick, brisk, livel}'. —
— Alienism, al'yen-izm, n. State of being an alien. n. Aquick, sprightly strain or piece. [It.]
Alienist, al'yen-ist, n. A
physician who makes a Alleluiah, al-le-lu'ya, n. Praise to Jehovah.
specialty of insanity. a. —
Relating to insanity. Allemande, al-le-mand', n. German waltz. (Cook- A
Alight, a-llf, if. i. To get down or descend, as from ery.) A
white sauce.
on horseback; to dismount; to fall or descend, and Alleviate, al-le'vT-at, v. t. To make light or easy to be
settle, or lodge. borne; to remove in part; to make easier; to lessen,
Alight, a-lif, a. Lighted; burning. mitigate, assuage, allay. —
Allevialion, n. Act of,
Align, a-lin', v. t. [aligned (-lindO, aligning.] To etc. mitigation.
; —
Alle'viative, -tiv, a. and n. That,
adjust or form by a line, as troops. v. i. To form — or that which, alleviates.
inline. — v.t. (Bngin.) To layout the ground-plan, Alley, allT, n. ; pi. Alleys, allYz. walk in a gar- A
as of a road. den; a narrow passage, as distinct from a public
Alike, a-lik', a. Having resemblance; similar; with- street. —A
large marble.
out difference. Alliaceous, al-lT-a'shus, a. Pert, to garlic; having the
Aliment, alT-ment, n. That which feeds or supports; smell or properties of, etc.
food; nutriment. —
Alimentlveness, n. (Phren.) Alliance. See under Ally.
The organ of appetite for food or drink. See Alligate, allT-gat, v. t. To tie together; to unite.
Phrenology. Alligator, al-li-galer, n. large carnivorous am-A
Alimony, al'r-mo-ni, n. An allowance made to a phibious reptile, of
wile out of the estate of a husband from whom she the Saurian family,
isseparated. peculiar to America.
Aliped, al'i-ped, a. Wing-footed. n. An animal — Allineate, al-linl-at,
having toes connected by membranes serving as v. t. (Surv.) To ad-
wings, as the bat. j u s t to a line ; to
Aliquant, al'I-kwant, a. Not dividing another num- align.
ber without a remainder. Allision, al-lizh'un, n.
Aliquot, al'T-kwot, a. Dividing exactly, or without Astriking against.
remainder. Alliteration, al-lit'er-
Alive, a-liv' a. Having life; not dead; susceptible. a'shun, n. Repeti-
Alizarine, a-liz r a-rin, n. A
coloring principle in mad- tion of the same let-
der. ter at short intervals. Alligator.
Alkali, al'ka-li or -IT, n. (Chem.) One of a class of — Allit'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc.
caustic bases, which are soluble in water and alco- Allocate, allo-kat, v. To place, set apart, allot.
t.
hol, unite with oils and fats to form soap, neutralize — AUocalion, n. Act of putting one thing to an-
and change reddened litmus to blue. AKkaline, — other admission of an article of account; allow-
—
;

-lin or -lin, a. Having the qualities of, etc. Al- ance made upon an account. — Alloca'tur, n. (Law.)
kalinity, n. Quality which constitutes, etc. Al- — Allowance of a thing or proceeding, by a court or
kaliza'tion, n. The act of rendering alkaline by judicial officer.
impregnating with, etc. —
Al'kalize, -Hz, v. t. To Allocution, al-lo-ku'shun, n. An address esp. by the
alkalify. — Al'kaloid, n. (Chem.) salifiable base A pope to his clergy.
;

existing in some vegetables as a proximate principle. Allodium, al-lo'dT-um, n. (Lavj.) Freehold estate;
— Alkaloid'al, a. land which is the absolute property of the owner.
Alkoran, al'ko-ran, n. The Mohammedan Bible; a —AlloHial, a. (Law.) Pert, to, etc.; free of rent
tower of a mosque in which the Koran is read. or service, —
opp. to feudal.
All, awl, a. Every one ; the whole. adv. Wholly — ; Allopathy, al-lop'a-thi, n. Employment of medicines
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ALLOT 12 ALTOGETHER
to produce effects opposite to those resulting from Alouchi. Aluchi. a-lu'che, a. compound resin ob- A
disease; the ordinary practice, as opp. to homeopathy. tained from Madagascar.
Allot, al-lof, v. t. To divide or distribute, as by lot: Aloud, a-lowd', adv. With a great noise; loudly.
to distribute in parts: to grant, as a portion: to give, Alow, a-lo', adv. In a low place not aloft.
assign, apportion. —
Allot'ment, n. Act of allotting; Alp, alp, n. Avery high mountain; esp. in the
;

—
part allotted. —Allottee, -te', n. One to whom a mountain ranges of Switzerland.
thing is allotted. Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. An animal of Peru,
;ru, having long,
Allow, al-low', V. t. [ALLOWED (-lowd')- -LOWING.] fine, woollv hair; a species of
To give, afford, or yield; acknowledge; abate or de- liama; a thin cloth made of al-

k
duct; grant license to; permit; show, or prove to be; paca wool mixed with silk or cot-
to approve of, justify. v. i. —
To make abatement. ton.
— Allow'ably, adv.— Allowance, n. Act of, etc.; Alpha, alia, n. The first letter of
permission or license ; that which allowed
is a ; the Greek alphabet, used to de-
stated quantity. (Xaui.) A limited quantity of note first. (Astron.) Used to des-
meat and drink, when provisions fall short abate- ; ignate the brightest star in a con-
ment. (.Com.) A deduction from the gross weight stellation. —
Al'phabet, n. The
of goods. — v. t. [allowanced (-anst), -ancing.] letters of a language arranged in
To put upon allowance. order. — Alphabet, Al'phabet- d§
Alloy, al-loi', v. t. [alloyed (-loid'), -loyixg.] ize, -Iz, v. t. [alphabetized (-izd), s
To reduce the purity of, by mixing with a less valua- -tizing.] To arrange in the order Alpaca,
ble metal; to abate, impair, or corrupt. ra. Any — of an alphabet. —
Al'phabeta'rian, n. learner of A
compound of two or more metals a baser metal ; the alphabet; abecedarian. Alphabetic, -ical, a. —
mixed with a finer evil mixed with good.
; Of. pertaining to, or arranged in the order of, etc. —
Allude, al-lud v. i. To refer to something not directly
/',
Alphabet'ically, adv.
mentioned; to have reference, advert to. Allusion, — Already, awl-red'T, adv. Before this time; now.
-lu'zhun, n. Indirect reference. (Rhet.) figure A Alsike, al'sik or aFsek, n. kind of clover. A
by which something is applied to, or understood of, Also, awl'so, adv. or conj. In like manner; likewise;
another, on account of some similitude between too: in addition to.
them. —
Allu'sive, -siv, a. Hinting at; referring to. Alt, alt, a. or n. (Mus.) The higher part of the scale.
— Allu'sively, adv. —
Allu'siveness, n. Altar, awKter, n. An elevated place on which sacri-
Allure, al-lur', v. t. [allured (-lurd'), ALLURING.] fices are offered to a deity; in Christian churches,
To try to draw to; to tempt by offers ; to entice, se- the communion table. Al'tarage, n. Profits of—
duce. — Allure 'merit, n. That which allures. Al-— priests from offering*.
lur'er, n. A
tempter. Altazimuth, al-taz'l-muth, n. An instrument at-
Alluvium, al-lu'vi-um, -vion, n. ; pi. All f 'via, -vT-a. tached to telescopes for taking azimuths and alti-
(Geol.) Deposits of earth, band, etc., made by rivers, tudes at the same time. Sec Azimuth.
floods, etc., upon land not permanently submerged. Alter, awl'ter, v. t. [altered (-terd), -tering.] To
— Allu'vial, a. Pert, to, contained in, or composed make some change in; to vary; to change entirely or
of, etc.; washed ashore or down a stream; of fresh- materially. —
?. To become, in some respects, dif-
?.-.

water origin. ferent: to change. —

Al'terable. a. Capable of being
Ally, al-li', r. t. [allied (-lid'), allying.] To altered.— Al'terableness, -abil'ity, n. Al'terably, —
unite, or form a connection between. n. ; pi. Al- — adv. —Al'terant, a. and n. Same as alterative.—
lies, al-llz'. One united by compact, marriage, or Altera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.:
any tie; a confederate. —Alliance, al-li'ans. n. State change; the change made. Al'terative. -tiv, a. —
of "being allied a union or connection of interests; (Med.) Having power to restore the healthy func-
—
;

the compact or treaty which is the instrument of tions of the body without sensible evacuations. n.
allying persons or parties allied; league; confeder-
;
An alterative medicine.
acy; coalition. Altercate. al'ter-kat, v. i. To contend in words; to
Allyl, allil, n. (Chem.) An
organic radical, existing wrangle. —
Alterca'tion, n. Warm contention; con-
esp. in garlic and mustard. troversy; wrangle.
Alma Mater, aKma master. college or seminaryA Alternate, al-ter'nat, a. Being by turns; one follow-
where'one is educated. [L., fostering mother.] ing the other in succession reciprocal. n. That ; —
Almanac. awl'ma-nak. n. A calendar of days, weeks, which happens by turns vicissitude a substitute.
and months. — Alternate, al'ter-nat or al-ter'nat, v.t. To per-
; ;

Almandine, al'man-dln. n. (Mm.} The red variety form in succession: to cause to succeed bv turns: to
of garnet, translucent or transparent. change reciprocally. — v. i. To happen or to act bv
Aline, Almeh. al'me, n. In Egypt, a dancing-girl. turns.— Alternately, adv. — Alternation, u. Recip-
Almighty. avl-mlt'I. n. God': the Supreme Being. — rocal succession. (Math.) Changes or alterations of
a. Having all power. order in numbers: permutation. — Alternative, -tiv,
Almond, a'mund. n. The fruit of the almond-tree; a. Offering a choice of two things. n. That which —
one of the glands called tonsils, at the base of the may be chosen or omitted; a choice of two things. —
throat. Alternatively, adv. —
Alter'nativenoss, n. Quality
Almost, awl'most, adv. Nearly; for the greatest part. or state of being, etc. (Biol.) Alternate generation;
Alms, amz, n. pi. Any tiling gratuitously given to re- a form of reproduction in which development from
lieve the poor; a charitable donation. — Alms '-house, eggs alternates with that from buds, the individuals
n. A
house for the poor: poor-house. Almoner, — arising in the two methods differing from one an-
al'mun-er. /;. One who distributes alms for another. other; metagenesis. —
Alternant, a. (Geol.) In
— Al'morrry, n. A place for, etc. alternating layers.
Aloe, al'o, n. ; pi. Aloes, al'oz. (Bot:) genus of A Althea. al-the'a, n. (Bot.) genus of plants includ- A
evergreen herbaceous plants. pi. (Jled.) The in- ing the marsh-mallow and hollyhocks. Althe 'in, —
spissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a n. (CJiem.) An alkaline substance existing in the
Durgative. —
Al'oet'ic. -ical, a. marsh-mallow; asparagine.
Aloft, a-loff, adv. On high. (Xaut.) In the top; at the Althorn, alt'h6rn, n. A
musical instrument similar
mast-head: above the deck. to the saxhorn.
Alone, a-lon', a. Apart from, or exclusive of, others; Although, awl-tho', conj. Grant all this ; be it so ;

single; solitary. suppose that: notwithstanding.

Along, a-long', adv. In a line with the length length- ; Altitude, aKtl-tud, n. Height ; perpendicular eleva-
wise; in aline, or with a progressive motion: onward; tion above the ground, or above a given level.
in company; together, —prep. By the length of, as (Astron.) Elevation of a celestial object above the
disting. fr. across. —
Alongside, adv. By the side horizon.
of a ship. Alto, al'to, n. (Mm.) The part sung by the lowest
Aloof, a-loof, adv. At or from a distance, but within female voices, between tenor and soprano ; in in-
strumental music, the tenor.
Altogether, awl'to-geth'er, adv. With united action;
Alose, alos, n. The American shad. without exception; completely.

Em, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 ALTO-RELIEVO 13 AMENT
Alto-relievo, al'to-re-le'vo, -rilievo, -re-le-a'vo, n. zon River, also in the Ural Mountains in Siberia,
(Sculp.) High relief; the figure standing out from and in Colorado._
the background. Ambages, am-ba r jez, n. A circuit of words; a circum-
Altruism, aKtroo-izm, n. Regard for others; devotion locution.
to the interests of others; unselfishness; opp. to Ambassador, am-bas'sa-der, n. An envoy of the
egotism. highest rank sent to a foreign government. Am- —
Aludel, al'u-del, n. A
chemical pot open at each end, bassadress, n. A female ambassador the wife of
used in sublimation. an ambassador. —
Am'bassage, n. Embassy.
;

Alum, aKum, n. A
double sulphate of alumina and Amber, am'ber, n. A yellow fossil resin, rendered
potassa. —
Alu'mina, -ml-na, AKumine, -min, n. electric by friction. — u. Of, resembling, or of the
(Min.) One of the earths, having two parts of alu- color of, amber.
minum and three of oxygen. Aluminiferous, -nif/r — Ambergris, am'ber-gres, n. A fragrant substance
er-us, a. Producing or containing alum. Alumin - — used in perfumery, etc. It is a morbid secretion
—
ium, Alu'minum, n. The metallic base of alumina; of the intestines of the sperm-whale. Am'brite,
a very light white metal, not easily oxidized. Alu r- — Afossil gum-resin resembling amber, found
-brlt, n.
minous, a. Pert, to, or containing alum, or alumina, in New Zealand.
— AKumish, n. Of the nature of alum. AFiun- — Ambidexter, am-bi-deks'ter, n. One Avho uses both
stone, n. A
mineral containing alum. hands equally well; a double-dealer.
Alumnus, a-lum'nus, n. ; pi. Alum'ni, -ni. pupil; a A Ambient, am'bY-ent, a. Encompassing; surrounding.
graduate of a college, etc. Ambiguous, am-big'u-us, a. Doubtful or uncertain,
Alva, al'va, n. A
plant of the pond weed order, dried, esp. in respect to signification.— Ambiguously, adv.
and used for stuffing beds and upholstery. —Ambig'ucusness, Ambigu'ity, n.
Alveary, aKvT-a-ri, n. A bee-hive; the hollow of the Ambition, am-bish'un,w. Eager desire of preferment,
ear. — Alveolus, al-ve'o-lus, n. pi. Alve'oli. A power, etc.; greediness. AmbPtious, -shus, a. Pos- —
cell in a honey-comb; the socket in the jaw in which
;
sessing, springing from, or indicating, ambition. —
a tooth fixed. — APveolar, a. Pert, to or resem-
is Ambi'tionless, a. —
AmbPtiously, adv. Ambi r- —
bling tooth-sockets. — Al'veolate, a. Pitted like
honeycomb. — Alvirte, al'vin, a. Pert, to the lower am'bl, v. i. To move, as a horse, by lifting
,

bellv or intestines. together the two legs on one side; to paceTto move
Alway, awl'wa, APways, adv. Perpetually; regularly affectedly, —n. Gait of a horse.
at stated intervals; invariably. Ambrosia, am-bro'zha, n. (Myth.) The food of the
Am, the first person singular of tire verb to be in the gods, which conferred eternal youth. (Bot.) A
indicative jnocle, present tense. genus of plants, including rag-weed, hog-weed, etc.
Amain, a-man', adv. Violently; suddenly. (Naut.) Ambrotype, am'bro-tip, n. picture taken on a pre- A
Suddenly, or at once. pared trlnss, in which lights are represented in silver,
Amalgam, a-mal'gam, n. compound of mercury, A and shades by a dark background, visible through
or quicksilver, with another metal; a mixture of the unsilverecl portions of the glass.
different things. —
Amalgamate, -gamize, v. t. To Ambulance, am'bu-lans, n. (Mil.) flying hospital A
—
compound or mix. v. i. To unite in an amalgam; to follow an army in its movements. Am'bulant, —
to coalesce, as a result of growth. Amal'gama'- — a. Walking; moving from place to place. Am'bu- —
tion, n. Act or operation of, etc.; esp. the process lato'ry, a. Able or accustomed to, etc. (Law.) Not
of separating gold and silver from their ores by mix- fixed m
its legal character, but capable of being al-
—
ing them with mercury the blending of different tered, as a will. 11. Part of a building intended
things or races. —
Amalgamator, -ma-'ter, n.
;

ma- A tor walking in, esp. a place inclosed by a colonnade

chine for producing an amalgam. or arcade, as a portico.
Amanuensis, a-man'ii-en'sis, n. ; pi. -enses, -sez. One Ambury, am'bu-rT, An'bury, n. A soft swelling on a
who writes what another dictates, or copies what horse, full of blood.
is written; a copyist. Ambuscade, am'bus-kad, n. lying concealed, to A
Amaranth, anT'a-ranth, n. (Bot.) genus of annual A attack an enemy by surprise a concealed place ;

plants, with flowers and foliage of various colors and from which to attack ambush. v. t. To lie in
; —
leaves that last long without withering an imaginary ; wait to attack from ambush.
; Am'bush, -brish, n. —
flower that never fades; a purplish color. Act of attacking, etc. an ambuscade troops con-
; ;

Amaryllis, am-a-riKlis, n. (Bot.) bulbous plant, A cealed, etc.— v. t. [ambushed (-busht), ambushing.]
with large, lily-like flowers of various colors. To lie in wait for_; to surprise; to' place in ambush.
Amass, a-mas', [amassed (a-mast r ), amassing.]
r. t. Ameer, Amir, a-mer'. _Same as Emeer, Emir.
To collect into a mass or heap; to accumulate, pile Ameliorate, a-mel'yo-rat, v. t. To make better; to im-
up, gather. — Amass'able, a. Capable of being, etc. prove.— v.i. To grow better; to meliorate.— Amel-
— Amass'ing, n. Act of accumulating; what has ioration, n— AmePiorative, -tiv, a. Producing, etc.
been accumulated. — Amass'ment, n. Accumula- Amen, a'men' (in singing pron. a/men'). ex- An
tion. pression used at the end of prayers, meaning, So be it.
Amasthenic, am-as-then'ik, a. Uniting all the chem- Amenable, a-me'na-bl, a. Liable to be brought to
ical rays into one focus, —
said of a lens; amacratic. account or punishment; responsible; willing to yield;
Amateur, am-a-ter^, n. One who cultivates a study or submissive. —
Ame'nably, adv. Amenability, —
art, without pursuing it professionally. Amateur'- — Ame'nableness, n. State of being, etc.
ish, a. Inclined to. etc. Amend, a-mend', v.t. To change for the better; to cor-
Amative, am'a-tiv, a. Pull of love ; amorous ; ama- reform, — v.
rect, i. To grow better. — Amend 'or, n.
tory.— Am'ativeness, n. (Phreh.) Supposed seat of — Amendment, n. An alteration for the better; cor-
sexual desire propensity to love. See Phrenol- rection of faults; reformation by quitting vices; in
—
;

ogy. Amato'rial, Am'atory, a. Relating to, in- public bodies, an alteration in a bill or motion by
duced by, or expressive of, love. adding, changing, etc. (Law.) Correction of an er-
Amaurosis, am-aw-re'sis, n. (Med.) loss or decay A ror in a writ or process. Amends', n. sing, and —
of sight, without visible defect in the eye, usually pi. Compensation for loss or injury satisfaction ;
;

fromloss of power in the optic nerve. —Amaurotic, equivalent.

-rofik, a. _ Pert, to, etc' « Amende, a-maNd r n. A
fine or punishment; repara-
,

Amaze, a-maz', v. t. [amazed (-mazd ), amazing.] / tion retraction. —Amende honorable, -on'o-ra^bl.
;

To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or won- Public recantation or apology for injury. [P.]
der to confuse with terror and astonishment, — n. Amenity, a-meii'I-tY, n. Agreeableness in situation,
;

Astonishment ; perplexity. Ama'zedness, n.— — climate, manners, etc.

Amaze'ment, n. A
feeling of surprise and wonder;
— Ament, am'ent, n. (Bot.) species of inflorescence, A
perplexity
from, etc. ; admiration ; confusion. consisting of a scaly
Ama'zingly, adv. In an amazing degree. sort of spike, as in the
Amazon, ara'a-zon, n. One of a fabulous race of fe- alder, birch, etc. a
—
;

male warriors, on the coast of the Euxine; a warlike catkin. Amenta''-

or masculine woman a virago. Am^azonite, -it,
; — ceous, -ta'shus.
«. (Min.) A
variety of feldspar, found near the Ama- Producing catkins
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 AMENTIA 14 ANABASIS
Amentia, a-men'shT-a, n. Imbecility; idiocy. Amphibole, am'fi-bol, n. (Geol.) Hornblende, which
Amerce, a-mers', v. t. [amerced (-mersf), amek- is easily mistaken for augite. Amphib'olite.-llt, n. —
cing.] To punish by a pecuniary penalty fixed by Hornblende trap-rock. ;

the court; to punish, in general. Amerce'inent, n. — Amphibology, am-fi-bol'o-jT, n. A phrase, proposi-

(Law.) Pecuniary penalty inflicted at the discretion tion, etc., susceptible of more than one interpreta-
of the court. —
Amer'cer, n. tion.
American, a-mer'I-kan, a. Pert, to America, esp. to — Amphibrach, am'fi-brak, n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot of
the United States, n. —
Native of, etc., formerly three syllables, the middle one long, the first and
applied to the aboriginal inhabitants but now to ; last short.
descendants of Europeans born in America, esp. in Amphicar'pic, -carpous, am-f !-car'pus, a. (Bot.) Bear-
the United States. —Americanism, -izm, n. Word, ing fruit of two kinds.
phrase, or idiom peculiar to America regard of Amphictyons, am-fik'tT-unz, n. pi. A council of dep-
Americans for their country or its interests.
;

— uties from the different states of ancient Greece.—

Americanize, -iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To Amphic'tyon'ic, a. — Amphictyony, -nk'H-o-ni, n.
render American. A league of neighboring states.
Amethyst, am'e-thist, n. A
subspecies of quartz, of a Amphigean, am-hj'e-an, a. Extending over all the
—
!

bluish violet color. Amethyst'oline, -lin, n. Vol- zones of the earth.

atile fluid found in cavities of the amethyst. Amphigory, am-fig'o-rT, n. Nonsense verses; a rig-
Amiable, a'mi-a-bl, a. Worthy of love; deserving of marole, with, apparent meaning, but really meaning-
affection! charming. — A'miableness, -bii'ity, n. less.— Amphigor'ic, a. Nonsensical; ab"surd.
Amianth, am'T-anth, Amianthus, am-1-an'thus, n. Amphimacer, am-fim'a-ser. n. (Anc. Pros.) foot of A
(Min.) An
incombustible flax-like mineral sub- three syllables, the middle one short, and the others
stance, which may be wrought into cloth and paper. long.
Amicable, am'f-ka-bl, a. Harmonious in mutual in- Amphiprostyle, am-f>p'ro-stIl, n. A double prostyle,
tercourse; friendly; peaceable. or an edilice with columns in front and behind, hut
Amice, am'is, Am'ict, n. A loose flowing garment not on the sides. — Aniphip'rosty'lar, u.
worn by pilgrims. (Eccl.) A piece of embroidered Amphitheater, -tre, am-ti-the'a-ter, n.
linen, worn on the head like a hood, or on the shoul- An oval or circular edifice, having .

ders like a cape. rows of seats one above another,

Amid, a-mid', Amidst', prep. In the midst or middle; around the arena; the highest gallery
surrounded by among. ; in a theater. — Am'phitheat'rical, a.
Amidships, a-mid'ships, adv. Half-way between the Amphora, am'iS-ra, n. An ancient two-
stem and the stem. handled earthen vessel.
Amiss, a-mis', a. Wrong; faulty, out of order; im- Ample, am'pl, a. Large in size of
proper. — adv. Wrongly, etc. great extent or bulk fully sufficient.
;

— Am'plitude,
;

Amity, am'i-tl, n. Friendship ; harmony ; good un- -tud, n. State of be-

derstanding. ing, etc.; extent of capacity or intel-
Ammonia, am-mo'nY-a, n. A volatile alkali of a pun- lectual powers, or of means, or re-
— — —
— Ammo'niac, orAmmo
gent smell; spirit of hartshorn. 'iliac, a. Of, sources. Amply, adv. Amplify,
or pert, to, etc. Gum ammo'niac, am'pli-fi, v. t. [amplified (-fid),
n. (Med.) Concrete juice of an umbelliferous plant, -fyixg.] To render larger, more ex-
from Persia. tended, or more intense. (Rhet.) To
Ammunition, am-mu-nish'un, n. Military stores for
attack or defense; articles used in charging fire-arms
treat copiously. v. i.
become large; to dilate.
—
To grow or A „i,
Am'plia- - m m
and ordnance; as powder, balls, shot, etc. tive, -plT-a-tiv, Am'plifica'tive, a. Serving
Se: or tend-
Amnesty, am'nes-tT, n. A general pardon of offenses frig to, etc.
against government. Ampulla, am-pul'la, n. An ancient flask or bottle,
Amoeba, a-me'ba, n. (Zobl.) An animalcule capable having a narrow neck and big bel-
of numerous changes of form. — Amos'biform, ly; a drinking cup. (Bot.) A hol-
Amoe'boid, a. Resembling, etc.— Amoe'bous,-bus, low leaf.(Anat.) A dilatation in
a. Of, or pert, to, etc. the semi-circular canals of the ear.
Among, a-mung', Amongst, a-mungst', prep. Mixed [L.] — Ampullaceous, -la'shus, a.
or mingled with; associated with; making part of the Bottle-shaped.
number of. Amputate, am'pu-tat, v. t. To cut
Amontillado, a-mon'til-la'do, n. A dry sherr3r [Sp.] . — Amputa'tion, n.
oh, as a limb.
Amorous, am'o-rus, a. Inclined to" love prone to Amuck, a-muk', n. Act of killing;
sexual enjoyment; enamored; in love; of, or caused
;

- adr. Wildly indis-

slaughter. Ampulla,
cnmmately. — To rvn amuck. To
;

by, love.
Amoroso, am-o-ro'so, n. A lover. — adv. (Mus.) Lov- rush out frantically, attacking all comers, as is done
ingly; tenderly. [It.] by fanatics in the East.
Amorph, am'orf, (Chem. and Min.) A
n. body with- Amulet, am'u-let, n. Something worn
to prevent
out crystalline structure. — Amor'phism, n. A state evil a charm inscribed with mystic characters. ;

of being, etc., as in glass, opal, etc. — Amor'phous, Amuse, a-muz', v. t. [amused (-muzd'), amusing.]
-f us, a. Having no determined form of no partic- To entertain agreeably: to keep in expectation, de-
ular character anomalous.
; Amor'photae, -fo-te, —
;

lude, divert. Amuse'ment, n. That which, etc.; —

n. pi. (Astron.) Stars not comprised in any constel- pastime.
lation. Amylaceous_, am-T-la'shus, a. Pert, to starch. — Am'-
Amortize, a-m6r'tiz, v. t. (Law.) To alienate in mort- ylene, -t-len, n. A hydro-carbon of anaesthetic prop-
main. — Amortization, Amortizement, -tiz-ment, erties. — Amyl'ic, a. Of or from starch.
n. (Law.) Act or right of alienating lands to a cor- An, a. Commonly called the indefinite, article. It
poration, considered as transferring them to dead signifies one or any, but less emphatically, and is used
hands, or in mortmain ; extinction of debt, esp. by before a vowel sound.
a sinking fund. An, conj. If. [Ohs.]
Amount, a-mownt', v. i. To rise or reach by accumu- Ana, a'na. A suffix to n^ies denoting a collection of
lation to come in the aggregate memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligerana is a book of
— n. Sum total; effect, substance, orberesult.
equivalent.
; to ;

sayings by Scaliger. Sometimes used alone as a

Amour, a-mobr', n. A love intrigue. noun.
Ampelite, am'pel-Tt, n. An earth used to kill insects Anabaptist, an-a-bap'tist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who
on vines: also, alum-slate. denies the validity of infant baptism, and maintains
Amphibious, am-fib'i-us, a. Able to live in the air and that those so baptized ought to be baptized again. —
water; adapted for living, etc.; part-iking of two na- Anabaptis'tic, a. — Anabap'tism, n. The doctrine
tures.— Amphibiously, adv. — Amphib'iousness, n. of, etc.
— Amphib'ia, -i-a, n. pi. (Zobl.) The class of reptiles Anabasis, a-nab'a-sis, n. Lit., a going up; esp., Cyrus'
which includes the saurians. — Amphib'iau, n. An invasion of Asia a great military expedition. (Med.) :

amphibious animal, —a. Of, or pert, to, etc. The first period, or increase of a "disease.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r
 ANACATHARTIC 15 ANCHOR
Anacathartic, an'a-ka-thar'tik, a. Exciting dis- solve into first principles or elements. Analyzablo,
charges from the mouth and nose. n. A medicine — -liz'a-bl, a. Capable of being, etc. An'alyzer, n- —
having this property: —
opp. of cathartic. Anamnesis, an-am-ne'sis, n.
Anachoret, Anachorite. See A^~CHORET. (Rhet.) A recalling something
Anacharis, an-ak'a-ris, n. (Bot.) A
fresh- water weed omitted. —Anamnestic, -nes'- !
;/l--,-
which obstructs navigation waterweed. Aiding memory.
Anachorism, an-ak'o-nzm, n.
;

A
practice or expres-
. tik, a.
Anamorphism, an-a-mSr'fizm, n. <£_W
sion differing from the usage of the country in which A progression from one —type to |v
^ <s
it is employed. another; anamorphosis. Ana- |

Anachronism, an-aklo-nizm, n. An error in chro- morphosis, -m&rlc-sis or -m6r- \%r 1

(Persp.) A distorted
|

nology, by which events are misplaced in regard to fo'sis, n.

each other. —Anachronistic, a. Involving, etc. representation of an image on a
Anaclastics, an'a-klasliks, n. That part of optics plane or curved surface, which,
concerning the refraction of light: dioptrics. viewed from a certain point, or
Anaciisis, an'a-kle'sis, n. (Med.) Position taken by a by reflection from a mirror, ap-
sick person in bed. A pears in proportion. (Bot.)
Anacolnthon, an'a-ko-lu'thon, n. (Rhet.) Want of. morbid or monstrous develop-
sequence in the parts of a sentence, when one part ment, or change of form, or de-
has a different grammatical construction from an- generation.
other. — Anacolulhic, -thical, a. Anandrous, an-an'drus, a. (Bot.)
Anaconda, an-a-kon'da, n. A large snake of the Boa Without stamens.
family, which lives in South America. Anapaest, an'a-pest, n. (Pros.)
Anacreontic, a-nak're-onlik, a. Pert, to, or after the In Greek and Latin versifica-
manner of, the Greek poet Anacreon. n. A poem —
tion, a foot of three svllables,
in praise of love and wine. the first two short, the last long;
Anacrusis, an-a-kroo'sis, n. (Pro*.) A
prefix of unac- in English versification, a foot
cented syllables to a verse beginning with an accented having two unaccented sylla-
syllable. bles, followed by an accented I
Anadem, an'a-dem, n. A
garland fillet chaplet.
: ; one; — the reverse of the
Anamorphosis.
Anadiplosis, an'a-dl-plo'sis, ??. (Rhet.) repetition A dactyl.
of words in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of Anaphora, a-nafo-ra. n. (Rhet.) Repetition of words
the next. at the beginning of two or more successive clauses.
Anadrom, an'a-drom, n. A
fish that periodically (Med.) Discharge of blood or purulent matter by
leaves the sea to ascend rivers. Anad'romous, — ! the mouth.
-mus, a. Anaplasty, an'a-plas-tT, n. (Surg.) The art of re-
Anaemia, a-ne'mi-a, n. (Med.) Deficiency of blood in storing lost parts or the normal shape.
—
i

the system.— Anae1nic,a. Anaemotlophy, -fl, n.\ Anapodeictic, an'a-po-dlklik, a. That cannot be
Lack of nourishment in the blood. shown undemonstrable. i

Anaesthesia, an-es-the'zhT-a, Anaesthe'sis, n. (Med.) Anaptotic, an-ap-totlk, a. (Gram.) Losing inflec-

Entire or partial loss of perception; insensibility pro- tion, said of languages which lose inflection, as
!
—
duced by disease or by inhaling ether, chloroform, the English. !

nitrous oxide gas, etc. — Anaesthetic, a. Capable Anarchy, an'ark-Y, n. Want of government soci- m
of rendering insensible characterized by insen- ety confusion. Anarchic, -ical, a. Lawless.—
; —
:

— —
.

sibility.— n. That which produces, etc. Anaes'- An^archist, n. One who promotes, etc. An'arch-
thetize, v. t. To produce, etc. ize, -iz, v. t. To create anaichy in.
Anaglyph, an'a-glif, n. An embossed or chased or- Anasarca, an-a-sar'ka, n. (JJed\) Dropsy of the cel-
nament, worked in relief, —
when raised on stone a lular tissue.— Anasarcous, -sii'.k'us, «. Dropsical.
cameo, when sunk an intaglio. Anastasis, an-a-sta'sis, n. (Med.) A rising up from
Anagoge, Anagogy, an'a-go-jT, h. An elevation of sickness; recovery; a translation of humors to a su-
mind; mystical interpretation of the Scriptures; ap- peiior part.
plication "to the New Testament of types and alle- Anastrophe, a-naslro-fi, n. (Rhet.) Inversion of
goriesof the Old: one of four modes of Scriptural in- the natural order of words.
terpretation, the others being literal, allegorical, and Anathema, a-nath'e-ma. n. (Antiq.) An offering to
\

tronological. (Med.) Rejection through the mouth a deity, hung in a temple a curse pronounced by ;

of mood from the lungs. —

Anagogics, -gojlks, n. ecclesiastical authoiity; person or thing anathema-
pi. Mystical interpretations, esp. of the Scriptures. tized. Anath'ematize, -tiz, v. t. f anathematized
I
—
Anagram, an'a-gram, n. A transposition of the let- (-tlzd), -matizing.] To denounce with curses.
ters of a name, forming a new word. Anathe'matizalion, n. Act of, etc.
j

Anagraph, an'a-graf, n. A commentary. Anatomy, a-nafo-mT, ?). Art of dissection: science of

Anal, a'nal, a. Belonging to or near the anus or open- the structure of animal bodies: act oi dividing any-
irig at the lower extremity of the alimentary canal. thing, to examine its parts thing dissected. Ana- —
—
;

—
1

Analectie, an-a-ieklik, a. Collecting or selecting; tomic, -ical, a. Anatomically adr. Arat'o- .

made up of selections. —
An'alects, Analec'ta, mism, -mizm, n. Application oi the principles of
j

-lekla. n. pi. A collection of literary fragments. anatomy, as in art. Anafomist. n. One who dis- —
Analepsis, an-a-lep'sis. n. (Med.) Recovery: conva- sects, oris skilled in, etc.— Anat'omiza lion, n. Act
lescence. Analep'tic, a. Corroborating; 'invigora- of, etc.
I

Anafomizc, v. t. [anatomized (-mizd), —

—
!

ting: giving strength after disease. n. Restorative -MiziNG.] To dissect; to ki3' open the interior struc-
|

medicine. ture of; to analyze.

Analogy, an-aKo-jT, n. A likeness in some respects, Ancestor, an'ses-ter. n. One from whom a person is
between tilings otherwise different. (Geom) Equal- descended; progenitor. Alices 'tress, n. A iemale —
ity, proportion, or similarity of ratios. AnaJ/ogous, —ancestor. Ancestral, -seslral, a. Relating to, or —
-gus,a. Correspondent. —Anal 'ogously, m/i-.— An- descending from, etc An'cestry, -trl, n. series — A
alogue, -log, n. — Anal'ogon, n. A
thing analogous of ancestors lineage birth or : ;

to some other thing. honorable descent.

Analysis, an-aKT-sis. n. ; pi. Anai/yses, -sez. Areso- Anchor, ank'er, n. An iron instru-
—
!

lution of any thing into its constituent elements; ment for holding a vessel at resti

opp. to synthesis. (Cheui.) Separntion of a compound in water a firm support that : ;

into its constituents. (Logic.) The tracing of things which gives '

stability or security.
to their source: reserving of knowledge into its orig- |
— V.t. ~[ANCHORED"(-erd), ANCH-
inal principles. (Math.) The resolving of problems ORING ] (Xaut.) To place at anch-
by equations. —Analyst, an'a-list. n. One who,
j

or. To lasten to fix in a stable Anchor.

— —
;

etc.— Analytic, -ical, a. Pet. to, or fond of, etc. condition. ?', i. To cast anch- aa,6tock;
— Analytically, rulv. —Analytics, n. The science or: to come to anchor. Anch'- h, shank cc,
— \

of analysis. — An'alyze, -liz, r. t. analyzed (-hzd),

[
|

: orable, a. Fit for anchorage. flukes; dd,&nr,

-lyzing.] To separate into component parts to re- : i Anch'orage, -ej. n. A place where

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil } linger or ink, then, boxbou, chair, get.
 ANCHORET 16 ANIMADVERT
a ship can anchor; the anchor and all necessary tackle Anfractuous, an-frakfu-us,
a. Winding; full of
for anchoring; duty imposed on ships for anchoring turnings.
in a harbor.— Anchored, -erd. a. {Heraldry.) Shaped Angel, aii'iel, ft. A
spirit, or spiritual being: an an-
as a cross with extremities turned back like flukes of cient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of an
an anchor; written also ancred and ancree.— Anch'- — Resembling, or belonging to, etc. —
or-ground, n. Ground suitable for anchoring.
n. The hold which the anchor takes security.
hold,
;
— —
angel.
Angelic,
adv. —
a.
-ical,
Angellealness, n.
an-jel'ik-al, a. — Angelically,
— Angelology, -oKo-jI, n.
-ice, n. Ice at the bottom of streams, and thus anch- Doctrine of angelic beings.
ored to the ground ground-ice. smith, n. A Angel-fish, an'jel-iish, n. species of shark, named A
maker of anchors. — ;

At anchor or Hiding at anchor. from its large wing-like pectoral fins.

said of a ship kept from drifting by the anchor. To — Anger, an'ger. n. A
strong passion or emotion of
cast, or drop, anchor. To sink the anchor in the sea the mind indignation resentment
: wrath rage.;

—
; ;

to hold the ship from drifting. To cat the anchor. — v. t. [angered (-serd), angering.] Toexciteto
To draw it up to the cat-head. To fish the anchor. — anger: to provoke, displease. An'gry, -grl, a. In- —
To raise the flukes bv an appliance called a fish. — flamed, as a sore; touched with or showing anger;
1 o shoe the anchor. To cover the flukes. To sweep — indignant: furious; choleric. An'gerly, An'grily, —
the anchor. To drag for a lost anchor. To weigh — -grf-LY, adv.
anchor. To raise it from the bottom. Anchor — Angina, an-ji'na, n. Inflammation of the throat. [L.]
comes home when it drags from its hold. Bower — — Angina Pectoris, -pek'to-ris, n. A distressing af-
anchor. One of medium size, carried at the bow of a fection of the chest. [L.]
ship. —
Kedge anchor. One of small size. Sheet — Angle, an/gl, n. A c o r n e r .
anchor. One of the largestand strongest kind. {Geom.) The difference of
'
Anchoret, ank'er-et, -orite, -it, n. hermit; reclu«n. A direction of two lines in the
— Ahchoretlc, a.— Ancb/oress, ??. female hermit. A same plane that meet or tend
Anchovy, an- cho'vi, n. A
small sea-fish of the herring to meet in a point; or the dif-
family. —
Ancho'vy pear. West India fruit. A ference of direction of two
Ancient, an'shent, a. Old; of former times: advanced planes intersecting, or tending
in years pristine antiquated; obsolete. n. pi. — to intersect, each other. Fish-
;

; ;

Those who lived in former ages, opp. to the moderns ; ins tackle. — r. i. [angled
very old men. —
An'ciently, -It, adv. In old times. (un'gld), ANGLING.] To fish C A E, right angle;
— Au'cientry, -rl, n. The honor of ancient lineage with line to use C
and hook acute angle; AD,
gentry; aristocracy. some bait or artifice to in- B
;

E, obtuse an- A
Ancillary, an'sil-la-rT, a. Subservient or subordinate, trigue. —
Angle of incidence. gle.
;

like a handmaid. {Opt.) The angle which a ray of light makes with
And, conj. A
particle which expresses the relation of a perpendicular to that point of the surface of any
addition, and connects words or sentences. medium on which it falls. —Angle of refraction. The
Andante, an-dan'ta, a. {Mm.) Rather slow; less angle which a ray of light retracted makes with a
slow than largo, more slow than allegretto. n. A — perpendicular to "that point on which it falls. —
movement or piece in andante time. Andantino, — I

right angle. One formed by a right line falling on

-te'no, a. Slow, but quicker than andante. [It.] another perpendicularly, or'an angle of 90°. An ob- —
Andean, an-de'an, Andine. an'din, a. Pert, to the tuse angle. One greater than a right angle. — An
Andes mountains. acute angle. One less than a right angle. Oblique —
Andiron, andl-urn, n. A utensil for supporting angles. Angles that are either acute or obtuse. Fa-
wood in a fire-place; a fire-dog. cial angle. See under Face. Visual angle. The —
Androgynal, an-droj'i-nal, -ynous, -nus, a. Having angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight
both sexes; hermaphroditical; having mental char- lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to
acteristics of both sexes. {Bot.) Bearing both stam- the center of the eye. —
An'gler, n. One who fishes
iniferous and pistillii'erous flowers. with a hook. (Ic'hth.) A
kind of fish; the fishing-
Android, an'droid, Androi'des, -dez, n. A machine in frog. —
An'gle-bar. -iron, n. rolled bar of iron A
human form, which performs motions of a man. — of an angular shape, for the edges
An'droid, a. Resembling man. of iron safes, etc.; or to connect
Androphagi, an-drof'a-ji, n. Man-eaters anthro- the side-plates of iron boilers, etc.
pophagi. —
Andropb/agous, -gus. Inclined to can-
;

i
— Angular, an'gu-ler, a. Having
nibalism. an angle or angles; pointed: form-
Anecdote, an'ek-dot, i A particular or detached
I

ing an ansle sharp and stiff in

fact incident
: story tale.; — Anecdolal, -dot'ic, ;
character."— An'gularness,
;

-ler-
-dotlc.al, a. Pert, to, etc ness. Angularity, -lar'I-tT, n.
Anemo-dynamometer. an e-mo-din-a-mom / /,
e-ter, n. An Quality ot being, etc. —
An'gu-
instrument for larly, -ler-11, adv. With
angles; in Angle-iron.
measuring the the direction of the angles.— An'-
force and
of the wind.
velocity gulated, -la-ted, a. Formed with angles. An'gulose, —
-los. a. Full of angles.
A n e m'o graph, Anglican, an'glT-kan, a. English: pert, to England.
-graf, n. Anin- — n. A
member of the church of England: esp. of
strument for regis-
tering the force of
the high-church or ritualistic partv. Anglicize, —
-siz, v. [anglicized (-slzd), -cizi'ng.] To render
the wind. Ane- — t.
comformable to English idiom or analogies. An- —
mog'raphy, -ft, n. Anemometer. glo. an'glo. A prefix meaning English.
A description o f In English; in the English Anglice, an'ril-se, adv.
the winds. Same
manner. [L.] as Axemo-
dynamometer. — Anemom'etrv Measurement Angor, arj'gor, n. Intense bodilv pain. [L.]
by means of an anemometer. —
Anern'oscope, n. A Angry. Angrily. See under Anger.
weather-cock, esp. a contrivance for bringing down Anguish, an/gwish, n. Extreme pain; agony; grief.
the indications of a wind-vane to a dial below. Angular, Angularity. See under A> .I.E.
Anemone, a-nem'o-nY, n. {Bot.) A genus of plants Anhelation, an'he-la'shun, n. Short breath; difficult
of the crowfoot fa mil v: wind-flower. respiration.
Aneroid, an'e-roid, a.' Dispensing with the use of
— Anil, anil, n. {Bot.) A
shrub whose leaves and stalks
quicksilver. n. A
portable barometer, which dis- yield indigo. —
Anile, anil, n. dark blue color. A
penses, etc.
Anetic, an-etlk, a.
— Aniline, an'Y-lin or -lin, n. dyeing material A
{Med.) Lessening pain: ano- obtained from indigo, also from benzole in coal tar.
dyne. — a. Pert, to dyes made from aniline.
Aneurism, an'u-rizm, n. {Anat.) A soft tumor, Anile. anil, a. Old womanish; imbecile. Anility, —
arising from dilatation or rupture of the coats of an -nil-i-tT. An'ileness, -Tl-nes, n. Dotage.
artery. Animadvert, anl-mad-verf, v. i. To turn the mind
Anew, a-nu', adv. Newly; over again; afresh. with intent to notice; to consider by way of crit-
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; gdd, tone, 6r
 ANIMAL 17 ANTEDATE
icism or censure to remark, comment. ; Animad- — Annunciation, n. Act of, etc. ; a festival, celebrated
version, -ver'shun, n. Remarks by way of criti- March 25th, in memory of the angel's announce-
cism, etc. strictures blame. Animadver'sive, — ment to the Virgin Mary. — Annun'ciator, -ter, n.
;

-siv, a. Having the power of perceiving.

;

Ani'mad- — Anodyne, an'o-dln, n. Medicine which allays pain.

ver'ter, n. I
— a. Assuaging pain.
Animal, an'T-mal, n. An organized living being hav- Anoint, a-noinf, v. t. To pour oil upon; to rub with
ing sensation and power of voluntary motion; an unctuous substances; to consecrate, by unction to
irrational being, as disting. fr. man. a. Of, or rela- — smear or daub. —
Anoint'ed, n. The Messiah.
;

ting to, animals; pert, to the merely sentient part of Anomaly, a-nonr'a-lY, -alism, -lizm, n. Deviation
a creature consisting of the flesh of animals.
; from common rule or analogy; irregularity. (As-
Animalcule, an-i-maPkul, -culum, n. ; pi. - cula, -la. tron.) Angular distance of a planet from its perihel-
An animal invisible, or nearly so, to the naked e3'e. ion, as seen from the sun angle measuring appar- ;

ent irregularities in the motion of a planet. Anom /

'-
[Animalculse, as if from a Lat. singular animalcula,
is a barbarism.] alous, -lus, a. Abnormal. Anom'alously, adv.—
Animate, an'T-mat, v. t. To give natural life to to Anon, a-non', adv. Quickly immediately at an-
—
;

— ; ;

enliven, incite. a. Alive. Animated, p. a. En- other time again.

;

dowed with animal life; full of life; spirited; lively. Anonymous, an-non'Y-mus, a. Wanting a name
— Anima'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. without the real name of the author nameless.
vivacity; spirit; sprightliness. — An'onyme, -nim, n. An assumed name. Ano-
;

—
Animosity, an'T-mos'i-tY, n. Violent hatred; active nymity, -nim^Y-tY, n. State of being, etc.
enmity; rancor; malignity. Anorexia, an-o-reks'Y-a, An'orexy, -Y, n. (Med.) "Want
Animus, an't-mus, n. Intention; spirit temper. [L.] ; of appetite.
Anise, an'is, n. A
plant bearing aromatic seeds. Another, an-uS^er a. Not the same; different; one
Ankle, an'kl, n. The joint which connects the foot more; any other.
with the leg. —
Anklet, n. An ornament for the Anourous, Anurous, an-oo'rus, a. Without a tail.
ankle. Ansated, an'sa-ted, a. Having a handle.
Annals, an'nalz, n. pi. history of events in chro-A Anserine, an'ser-in, -serous, -us, a. Pert, to, or like a
nological order; a series of historical events; an an- goose, or its skin; silly.
nual publication. An'nalist, n. —
writer of an- A Answer, an'ser, v. t. [answered (-serd), answer-
nals. ing.] To speak or write in return to; to refute; to
Anneal, an-neK, v. t. [annealed (-neld'), anneal- be or act in return to. v. i. —
To make response; to
ing.] To heat nearly to fluidity and then cool be accountable, liable, or responsible; to be or act
slowly, to render less brittle to temper. To heat, ; in return; to conform; to suit. n. Something —
as glass, in order to fix colors. said, written, or done, in return; a mathematical so-
Annex, an-neks', v. t. [annexed (-nekstQ, annex- lution. —
An'swerable, a. Capable of being an-
ing.] To unite at the end; to affix; to add; to con- swered obliged to answer liable to pay, indem-
; ;

nect, esp. as a consequence, —n. An extension of a nifv, or make good responsible ; suitable equiva-
; ;

building ; a subsidiary building ; an addition to a lent.

document.— Annexation, -a'shun, Annexion, -nek r - Ant, ant, n. An emmet ; a pismire. — Anfbear, -bar,
shun, n. Act of annexing; addition; union. (Law.) -eater, -et'-
Union of property with a freehold, forming a fix- er, n. An
ture. — Annexationist, n. An advocate
— Annex'ment, n.
of, etc. animal that
That may be,
Annex'ible,
Act of,
a.
or state of being, etc.; thing annexed.
etc. feeds
ants. —uDon
eggs,
Annihilate, an-ni'hl-lat, v. t. To cause to cease to be; n.pl.The lar-
to destroy the form or properties of . Anni'hila'"- — va3 of ants,
~
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. destruction. ; which are
— Anni'lula'tionist, n. (Tkeol.) One who believes incased in
that eternal punishment consists in annihilation sacs resem-
a destructiomst. —
Anni'hilatory, -rt, a. Tending
;

bling eggs. "*3

to, etc.; destructive. — -hill, n. A
Anniversary, an-ni-ver'sa-rY, a. Returning with the nest of ants.
year at a stated time. n. —
day celebrated each A Antagonist,
year. an-tag'o- Anteater.
Annomination, an-nom'i-na'shun, n. pun; a para- A One who
nist, n. contends with another; adversary;
nomasia ; alliteration. opponent. — Antagonistic,
-ical, a. An'tago- —
Annotate, an r no-tat, v.
i. To make annotations or nist'ically, adv. —
Antagonism, -nizm, n. Opposi-
comments. —
An'notator, -ter, n. A commentator. tion of action counteraction or contrariety of
Annotto, an-nofto, Arnat'to, Arnofto, n. A yellow- things or principles.
;

—
Antagonize, -niz, v. t. To
ish-red vegetable dyeing material. act in opposition; to contend.
.
Announce, an-nowns', v. t. [announced (-nownsf), Antalgic, an-taKjik, a. Alleviating pain.
announcing.] To give first notice of to make Antaphrodisiac, ant af-ro-diz /'Y-ak, a. (Med.) Less-
/

known, publish, advertise. — Announce'ment, n. —

;

ening venereal desire. n. —

Anti-venereal medicine.
Act of, etc. declaration. — Announ'cer, n.
; Antarctic, ant-ark'tik, a. Opposite to the northern
Annoy, an-noi', v. t. [annoyed (-noid'), annoying.] or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to
To injure or disturb by repeated acts to incom- the region near it.
mode, vex, plague. — Annoy'ance, n.
;

Act of, or Antarthritic, anfar-thrifik, a. Counteracting gout.

state of being, etc. that which annoys. Annoyr- — n. A remedy for, etc.
Antecede, an-te-secK, v. t. To go before in time. — An-
;

er, n.
Annual, an r u-al, a. Returning or happening every tecedent, a. Going before prior previous. — n. ; ;

year; yearly; performed in a year; lasting only one That which, etc.; pi. the earlier events of one's life.
year or season. — n. A thing happening yearly; a (Gram.) The noun to which a relative refers.
work published once a year; a plant that lasts"but (Logic.) The first of two propositions in an enthy-
one year or season. meme; the first and conditional part of a hypothet-
Annuity, an-nu'Y-tY, n. A sum of money, payable ical proposition. (Math.) The first of two terms
yearly. — Annuitant, n. One who has an annuity. of a ratio. — Antecedently, adv. Previously. — An-
Annul, an-nuV, v. t. [annulled (-nuldO, annu'l- tecessor, -ser, n. One wno goes before; a leader;
ling.] To make void or of no effect to repeal, one who possessed land before the present possessor.
;

nullify, set aside. — Annulment, n. Act of, etc Antechamber, an'te-cham'ber, An'teroom, -room, n.
Annulet, an'u-let, n. little ring. (Arch.) A A small A room leading to the chief apartment.
encircling a column, etc. (Her.)
flat fillet, A little
Antecommunion, an'te-com-mun'yun, ».. The part
circle borne as a charge_in coats of arms. of the Anglican liturgy which precedes the conse-
Annumerate, an-nu'mer-at, v. t. To add to a num- cration of the elements in the communion.
ber. —
Annumeration, -a/shun, n.
— Antecursor, an / te-ker ser, n. A forerunner.
/,

Annunciate, an-nun'shY-at, v. t. To announce. Antedate, an'te-dat, n. A date before the true time.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdfjt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ANTEDILTJVIAL 18 ANY
— v. 1. To
date before the true time- to anticipate; one law or rule to another ; a thing contrary. — An-
to take before the true time. tino'iiiian, a. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect .-aid to
Ante-diluvial, an'te-di-lu'vi-al, Antediluvian, a. Be- maintain, that, under the gospel dispensation, the
fore the deluge. moral law is of no obligation.
Antelope, an'te-lop, n. A
ruminant quadruped, in- Antipapal, an-ti-pa r pal, -papisttc, -icai, a. Opposing
termediate between the deer and the papacy or popery.
goat. Antipathy, an-tip^a-tiiY. n. Aversion at the presence
Antemeridian, an'te-mc-rid'f-an, of. a particular object dislike contrariety. (Nat.
; ;

a. Bciore noon. Phil.) A

contrariety in the properties or affections
Antemuiidane, an-te-mun /'dan, a. of matter.
Before the creation of the world. Antiphlogistic, an'ti-flo-jistik. a. (Chem.) Opposed
Antenatal, an-ic-natal, a. Before to the doctrine. of phlogiston. (Jled.) Counteract-
birth. ing inflammation. —
n. Medicine or diet which, etc.
Antenna, an-ten r na, a. ; pi. As- Antiphon, anti-i'on, Antiphony, -tifo-nl, a. (Mits.)
tex'XxE, -ne, a. (Zobl.) A mova- An anthem or psalm sung in alternate parts: a re-
ble, articulated organ of sensa- Antelope, sponse. —
Antiphtnal, Antiphon'ic, -phon'ical, a.
tion, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. — Antiph'onal, n. A
book of antiphons or anthems.
Antenuptial, an-te-nup'shal, a. Before marriage. Antiphrasis, an-tiita-sis, n. (Rhct.) Use of words in
Antepaschal, an-te-pas'kal, a. Before Easter. a sense opposite to their proper meaning; irony.—
Antepenult, an'te-pe-nulf, An'tepenulfi-ma, n. Antiphrastic, -frastik, -tical, a.
(Pros.) The last syllable but two of a word. Antipode._ antT-pod, n.; pi. Antipodes, -podz or
Anterior, an-te'rl-or, a. Before in time or place; for- -tip'5-dez. One of those who live on opposite sides
mer ; foregoing. — Anteriority, -or'i-tT, n. Prece- of the gloDe, and whose feet are directly opposite.
dence. Antipope, antT-pop, n. One who usurps the" popedom.
Anthem, an'them, n. Church music adapted to pas- Antique, an-tek', a. Old; ancient; of old fashion:
sages from the Scriptures: a motet. made in imitation of antiquity. — ". Anything
Antherncrrhagic, ant'hem-or-raj'ik, a. (Med.) Tend- very old ; a remnant of antiquity ; relic. — Antiq'-
ing to stop Jiemorrhage. uity, -tik'wr-tl, n. Ancient times, or their peo-
Anther, anther, h. (Bot.) That part of the stamen
— ple; great age. pi. Remains of, etc. Antiquarian, —
containing the p oilen. Anther- -kwatf-an. a. Pert, to- antiquity: n. An anti-
if'ercus, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. quary. — Antiquatianism. n. Love of. etc. —Anti-
Anthesis, an-the'sis, n. (Bot.) The quary, a. One versed in, etc. — An'tiquate, -kwat,
opening of a flower. AnthoKogy, — v. t. To make obsolete, old, or void. — Antiquated,
a. xVdiscourse on flowers collection ;
c /.
p. a. Grown old. or out of fashion; out of u^e.
of flowers a collection of beautiful
;
r
Antisabbatarian, an / tY-sab / ba-ta' ri-an, a. Opposed to
passages from authors. the observance of the Sabbath. n. —
One who, etc.
Anthony's Fire, an'to-niz -fir, n. The Antiscorbutic, an'tT-skor-bu'tik, -bu'tical, a. (Med.)
erysipelas. Counteracting scurvy.
Anthracite, an'thra-sit, ?t. hard A Antiscriptural, an-tl-skrip /
'chur-al, a. Xot accordant
mineral coal. —
Anthracene, -sen, with Scripture.
-cine, -sin, a. (C/iem.) solid hy- A Antiseptic, an-tl-sep'tik, a. Opposing putrefaction.
drocarbon produced in . distilling — 7i. A substance which resists or corrects, etc.
coal-tar ; paranaphthaline. Anti3lavery, an-ti-sla'ver-T, a. Opjwsed to slavery. '

Anthropogeny, an-thro-poj'e-ni, Antisocial, an-tT-so'shal, a. Adverse to society, or

The develonment of man. Anthre- — hostile to its existence.
pog'raphy, n. (Phys. Geog.) The Anther, Antispasmodic. ar/tT-spaz-mod'ik, Antispastic, aivtl-
distribution of the human race.— a, ovary; spas'tik, a. (Med.) Causing a jevulsion of fluids or
Anthropoid, humors; counteracting spasm.
— Anthropology, Resembling man.
a. b, style;
The n at-
n. -jT.c, stigma; Antistrophe, an-tis'tro-ii, n. (Rhet.) Repetition of
ural history of the human species; dd, filaments; words in an inverse order: the turning of an adver-
science of man. considered in his ee, anther-. sary's plea against him. (Anc. Lyric Poetry.) Part
entire nature. —
An / thropomor /'phi5m. -mortizm, of a, song or dance, around tiie altar, performed by
n. Representation of the Deitv as having human turning from leit to light, in opp. to the strophe,
form or — An'thropomor'phite,
attributes. n. -fit, which was from right to leit: he stanza of an ode
A believer in, etc.— Anthropomorphous, -fus,
i

following the stroplie. —

Antistrophic, -strofik, a.
I

Resembling — An'throponh'asi, -pofa-jl, a.n.

a man.
|

'

Pert, to, etc.

pi. Man-eaters; cannibals. — Anthropoph'agy, -ji, Antithesis, an-tith'e-sis, n. ; pi. -kses, -sez. (Bhet.)
n. Cannibalism. j
An opposition of words or sentiments in the same
Antic, antik, a. Odd fanciful fantastic ludi- sentence; contrast: anything directly opposed to an-
crously wild. n. —buffoon A
;

odd appearance. ;
: :
I

other. —
Antithetic, -thet'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or
Antichlor, antT-klor, n. (Chen.) Any substance j
containing, etc. —
Antithetically, adv.
used to remove chlorine after bleaching. Antitrades, a.p^tfrtradz, n. The Jiighcr winds in the
Antichrist, antT-krist, n. An adve-sirv of Christ: tropics, which blow in a direction contrary to the
the man of sin. —
Antichristian, -kris'chun, n. An
|

trade winds.
— 1 . .

opposer of Christianity. a. Onposinsr, etc. Antitype, an'tY-tlp, n. That which is prefigured by

Anticipate, an-tis'T-pat", u. t. To take "or do before I the type; thus the paschal lamb was a type of which
another, so as to prevent him: to take up beforehand, ! Christ is the antitype.
or befo-e the proper time to foresee to expect. Antler, anfler, n. A
deciduous growth of bone on
—
; ; ;

Anticipation, -pa'shun, n. Act of etc. previous , ; the head of a cervine animal, resembling horns in
view or impression: foretaste: preconception fore- cattle.
— ; I

thought.— Anticipative, -tis'i-pa-tiv, a. Antic- /

Anto~omasia, an tc-no-ma /'zT-a, n. Use of a proper
ipator, n. —
Antictpatory, a. Taking before time. ! name icr an appellative, as ''a Cicero" for a great
Anticlimas, an-tl-kli'maks, n. A sentence in which orator; conversely, the use of a name denoting rank,
"
the ideas fall, or become less important, at the close. office, etc., for him who holds it, as " his majesty
Anticlinal, an-tT-klitial, a. Marking inclination in op- fQT the king.
posite directions. n. —
The crest-line from which Anvil, an'vil, n. An iron block, upon which metals
st-ata dip in onnosite directions; the anticlinal axis. are hammered and shaped.
Antidote, antT-'dot, n. That which tends to counter- Ansious, ank'shus, a. Greatly concerned or solici-
act poison, etc.— Antidotal, -dottcal, a.— Anti- tous, esp. about something uncertain; accompanied
do'tally, -dcttcally, aiv. with anxiety; disturbed; uneasy. Anz/iousness, —
Antifebrile,
Lntifebrile, an-tT-±eb*nl
an-tT-febtil or -fe'b-il,
-: w
a. Abating f eve
|

AnxKety, ang-zi'e-tT, n. State of being, etc. •

Antimony, ant'i-mo-nT, n. whitish. b-ittTe metal A Any, en'i', a. One out of many, indefinitely; some;
used in medicine and the arts. Antimo'nial, a. — an indefinite number or quantity, — adv.' To any
Of or pert, to, etc. — A
,

—
An'yfcody, -bod-I, n. Any one per-
n. p-eparation of, etc.
Antinomy, antT-no-mT or -tin'o-mT, n. Opposition of
I

I
extent at all.
;

son out of many; a person of importance. how, —

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 AORIST 19 APPEND
adv. In any case; at any rate. -wise, adv. In any — Apostasy, a-posla-si, n. Total desertion of one's faith,
degree. where, -whar, adv. In any place. — principles, or party. —
Aposlate, -tat, n. One who,
-whither, -hwith'Sr, adv. To any place. etc. —
a. False, renegade. Apos'tatize, -tiz, v. i. —
Aorist, a'o-rist, n. (Gram.) A tense in Greek, which [-TATiZED(-tizd /'), -tizing.] To abandon, etc.
expresses an action as completed in indeterminate A posteriori, a pos'te-rY-oli. (Logic.) Reasoning a
past time. posteriori derives propositions from observation of
Aorta, a-6r1a, n. The great artery from the heart. facts, or principles and definitions from general-
Apace, a-pas', adv. Quickly; hastily; fast. izations from facts, or infers causes from effects ;
—
Apagoge, ap-a-go'je, n. (Logic.) The proving a the reverse of a prior*. (Philos.) Knowledge a pos-
thing indirectly by showing the impossibility of the teriori is derived from facts through induction or
contrary thing. experiment. [L.]
Apart, a-parf, adv. Separately; aside; in a state of Apostle, a-pos'sl, n. A
person sent forth to execute
separation, exclusion, or of distinction; in two or some important business one of the twelve disci- ;

more parts asunder.

; Apart'ment, n. — room in A ples of Christ sent to preach the gospel. —Apos' tie-
—
a building or house. ship, n. The office, etc. Apos'tolate, -to-lat, n.
Apathy, ap'a-thi, n. Want, or a low degree, of feel- Mission ; apostleship. —
Apostolic, -tollk, -ical,
ing indifference; unconcern. Apathetic, a. — — a. Pert, to an apostle or to the apostles, their times,
;

Au'athist, n. One who is, etc. spirit, or doctrines. —

Apostollcally, ad v. Apos- —
Ape, ap,n. A quadrumanous mammal haying teeth tollcism, -sizm, -tolicity, -lis'I-M, n. State or qual-
Tike man, and neither tail nor ity of being apostolical.
cheek pouches; one who imi- Apostrophe, a-poslro-f 1, n. (Rhet.) turning away A
tates servilely, like the_ape; from the real auditory, and addressing an imaginary
a dupe.—?', t. Taped (apd), one. (Gram.) Contraction of a word by omitting
aping.] To imitate servilely; letters; the mark ['] denoting contraction, Apos'- —
to mimic. _ trophize, -fiz, v. t. [-phized (-tizd), -prizing.] To
Apeak, a-pek', adv. On the address by apostrophe; to contract by omitting, etc.
point in a posture to pierce.
;
Apothecary, a-poth'e-ka-ri, re. One who prepares
(N~aut.) Perpendicular. drugs for medicinal use.
Aperient, a-pelY-ent, a. (Med.) Apothegm, Apophthegm, ap'o-them, n. short, pithy, A
Having the quality of open- Ape, and instructive saying a precept maxim. [Ap- ; ;

ing^ laxative. — n. Laxative medicine.— "_ othegm is now the prevalent spelling.]
ap'er-chur, n. An opening through solid substance; Apothem, ap'o-them, n. (Math.) The perpendicular
a hole. from the center to a side of a regular polygon.
Apex, a'peks, A'pexes L. pi. ApIces, ap'f- Apotheosis, ap-o-the'o-sis, n. Act of elevating a
sez. The
n. ; pi.
top, tip, or summit of anything.
;

mortal to the rank of the gods. Apotho'osize, -siz, —

Apha3ia, af-a'zhT-a, Aphasy, afa-zT, n. (Med.) Loss v. t. To deify.
of the power of speech, or of memory of words, with- Anpall, ap-pawl", v. [appalled (-pawld'), appal-
out loss of intelligence or injury to the vocal organs. ling.] To depress with fear; daunt, terrify. v. i.
t.
—
Aphelion, a-fel'yun, n. ; pi. Aphelia, -feli-a. (As- To occasion fear._
tron.) That point of a planet's or comet's orbit Appanage, ap'pan-aj, re. Land assigned by a sovereign
most distant from the sun. prince to his younger sons; means of sustenance.
Aphis, a'fis, n. ; pi. Aphides, af'Y-dez. (Entom.) Apparatus, ap-pa-ralus, n. ; pi. -ratus or -ratuses.
The vine-fretter, or plant-louse. Things provided as means to some end; a set of im-
Aphorism, afo-rizm, n. A precept or principle ex- plements.
pressed in a few words a maxim adage.
; —
Aph'- Apparel, ap-par'el, re. Coveringfor the body; clothing;
—
;

orist, n. A writer of, etc. —

Aphoristic, -istlcal, a. raiment; vestment. v. t- jA ppARELED oc-elled
Having the form of, etc. Aphoristlcally, adv. — (-eld), -elixg or -elling.] To dress; to cover with
Aphthong, aflhong or aplhong, n. A letter or com- something ornamental; to embellish.
bination of letters having no sound. Apparent. See under Appear.
Apiary, a'pT-a-rY, n. A place where bees are kept Appeal, ap-peK4 n. (Law.) Removal of a cause or suit
Dee -house. —
Apicul'ture, -chur, n. Rearing of to a superior judge or court for reexamination or
bees. review right of aopeal a summons to answer to a ; ;

Apiece, a-pes', adv. To each; each by itself. charge. A call for proof or decision, or to grant a
Aplomb, a/plox, ri. Assurance; sell-possession. [F.] favor; resort; recourse. i. [appealed (-peld'), — ?-',

Apocalypse, a-pok'a-lips, n. Revelation; disclosure; -pealing.] (Law.) To remove a cause, etc. To re-
the last book in the Bible. Apoc'alyplic, -lyp'- —fer to another; to call on for aid. v. t. (Law.) To —
tical, a. Containing or pertaining to, etc. ApoV- remove, etc.; to —
charge with a crime; to accuse.—
alyp'tically, adv. Appellant, -pellant, re. One who appeals. Ap- —
Apocope, a-pok'o-pe, n. The cutting off of the last pellate, -lat, a. Belonging to, or having cognizance
letter or syllable of a word. Apoc'opate, v. t. To— of, anpeals. Appellalion, re. Name by which one —
cut off, etc. is called; title; address. —Appellative, -tiv, a. Pert,
Apocrypha, a-poklY-fa, n. pi. Books whose inspira- to a common name.— n. A common, as distinguished
tion is denied, and which are excluded from the from a proper, name. Appellatively, adv. Ap- — —
canon of the Scripture. —
Apoclyphal, -fal, a. Pert, pellators, «. Containing an appeal. —Appellee',
to, etc.; not canonical; of uncertain credit; spurious. re. (Law.) The defendant in, etc.; one wtio is ap-
Apode, ap'od, re. An animal that has no feet; a fish pealed, or> prosecuted, by a private man for a crime.
having no ventral fins. Ap'odal, a. — —
Appellor, -lor', re. One who institutes an appeal,
Apogee, ap'o-je, re. (Astron.) The point in the orbit or prosecutes another for crime.
of the moon most from the earth.
distant Appear, ap-per', v. i. [appeared (-perd'), appear-
Apology, a-poKo-jr, re. Something said or written in ing.] To come or be in sight; to become manifest;
defense or justifications expressed regret for some to seem, in opposition to reality.— Appear'ance, n.
injurious remark or act; anything provided by way Act of, etc.; thing seen; phenomenon; semblance,
of substitute; a makeshift. Apologetic, -jetlk, — Or apparent likeness; personal presence; exhibition
-getlcal, a. Excusatory or defensive. Apologef- — of the person; air; manner; mien.— Appear er, n.
ic3, n. (Thcol.) The defense of the Scrintures,
—
— Apparent, ap-paf'ent, a. Capable of being seen,
certain; evident; nnpearing to
and evidence of their divine authority. ApoKo- or easily seen; plain;
gi3t, -jist, n. One who makes an apology. — Apolo- the eye, but not true or real ; seeming —Apparently,
gize, -jlZ, V. 1. [APOLOGIZED (-jizd), -GIZINO.] To adv.— Appar'entness, n. Apparition, -nsh'un, n. —
make, etc. —
Ap ologue, -log, n. A mora fable. '
I Appearance thing appearing a preternatural ap-
; ;

Apoplexy, ap'o-plek-sf, n. A disease characterized pearance; ghost; specter. ,_"„'

hy sudden loss of sense and voluntary motion, usu- Appease, a p-pe*', v. t. [appeased (-pezd'), -peasing.)
ally caused by pressure on the brain. To make quiet, pacify, comnose, calm.
Apo3ioi08Si3, a-po'sY-o-pe'sis, n.(Rhet.) An abrupt Append, ap-pend', r. f. To hang r-r attach; to add,

breaking off/as if the speaker was unable or un- allnex . _

Append'age, n. Something added as sub-
willing to say what he had in mind. ordinate. — Appendant, n. Thing appended. —a.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot s cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbow, chair, get.
 APPERTAIN 20 AQUA
—
Hanging; annexed. Append'icle, -I-kl, n. A small Apprentice, ap-pren'tis, n. One bound to another to
appendage. —Appendicular, a. Pert, to, etc.; esp. learn a trade or art. v. t. [apprenticed (-tist), —
(Anat.) said of parts of the skeleton attached to the -ticing.] To bind out as, etc. —Apprenticeship,
axial column, as the limbs. —
Appendie'ulate, -lat, n. The condition of, etc.; his time ot service.
a. (Bot.) Having an appendage, as a Leaf with lobes Apprise, ap-priz', v. t. [apprised (-prizd'), -prising.]
attached to the petiole. —Append 'ix, n. ; pi. -ixes; To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; to ac-
L. pi. -ices, -I-sez. Something added a concomit- quaint, make known, communicate.
;

ant; literary matter added to a book. Apprize. See Appraise.

Appertain, ap-per-tan'. v. i. [-taixed (-tand'), -taix- Approach, ap-proch r v. i. [approached (-prochtO,
ing.] To belong, relate. — Appur'tenance, n. That
,

-proaching.] To come or go near; to approximate.

which, etc.; an adjunct. — v. t. To place near; to come near to. n. Actor —
Appetence, ap'pe-tens, -tency, n. Strong natural de- opportunity of, etc. access; passage by which build-
—
;

sire; sensual appetite; tendency to select. Ap'pe- ings are approached, pi. (Fort.) Works covering ad-
tent, a. Very desirous. — Ap'petite, -tit, n. Desire vances towards a fortress. Approach/able, a. Ac- —
of gratification esp. desire for food or drink. Ap'- cessible. —
Approach'ableness, n. —
;

petize, -tlz, v. i. To create, or whet, an appetite. —

Approbate, ap'pro-bat, v. t. To express or manifest
Appetiz'er, n. Something which, etc. approbation of. [Hare.'] Approbation, n. Act of —
Applaud, ap-plawd', v. t. or i. To praise by clapping approving; consent, on the ground oi propriety; ap-
the hands, acclamation, etc.; to commend; extol; cry proval liking
; attestation. ; Ap'proba'tory, -rf, —
up; magnify. — Applaud'er, Applause, -plawz', -bative, -tiv, a. Approving, or implying approba-
Act of applauding; commendation. — Applausive,n. tion. —Approve, -proov', r. t. [approved (,-proovd'),
-plaw'siv, a. -proving. j To be pleased with; to think well of; to
Apple, ap'pl, n. A
well-known tree and its fruit; the sanction officially. —
Approv'able, a. Worth}' of,
pupil of the eye. etc.— Approv'al, n. Act of, etc.; approbation.
Applique, ap-plek', a. Having a pattern which has Appropriate, ap-pro'prl-at, v. t. To set apart for a
been cut out and transferred to another foundation, particular purpose, or for one's self to assign. a. ; —
as in a kind of lace. Set apart for a particular use or person; belonging
Apply, ap-plT'r o. t. [applied (-plid'), -plying.] To
, peculiarly; fit; pertinent. Appropriately, adv.— —
lay or place; to put, bring, or carry; to use for a par- Appro'pfia'tion, n. Act of, etc.; thing, esp. money,
ticular purpose; to engage and employ diligently. set apart. —
Appro'priator, -ter, a. One who, etc.
v. i. To suit; to have recourse. —Applicable, a. (Law.) One wno has an appropriated benefice.
Capable of being applied. Appli'ably, adv. — — Approve. See under Approbate.
Appliance, n. Act of applying, or thing applied; Approximate, ap-proks'I-mat, a. Near to. (Chem.Sc
instrument or means. —
Ap'plicable, a. Capable or
\

Math.) Nearly correct. v. t. To carry or advance —

fit to be, etc. suitable.— Ap'plicably, adv.
; Ap'- — j

near; to cause to approach. v. i. To — come

near; ap-
plicabiKity, Ap'plicableness, n. Quality of being, proach. —
Approximately, adv. — Apprcx ima / /'-
—
etc. Applicant, n. One who, etc. a petitioner.
|

tion, n. A coming near. — Approximative, a. Ap-

— Ap'plicate, a. Applied to some use. Applica'-
;

— I

proaching.
Act of applying or laying on, in a literal
I

tion, n. Appurtenance. See under Appertain:

sense; the thing applied; act of" making request; act Apricot, a''prT-kot, n. A
fruit allied to the plum.
of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought. Ap r - April, a'pril, n. The fourth month of the year.
plicative, -tiv, -catory, -to-rT, a. Applying.— n. That A priori, a prl-oSi. Reasoning a priori deduces con-
which applies. sequences from definitions formed or principles as-
Appoggiatura, ap-pod'ja-too'ra, n. (Mus.) A passing sumed, or infers effects from causes previously
tone preceding an essential tone or an accented part known ; —
the reverse of a posteriori. [L.J
of a measure. [It.] Apron, a'purn or a'prun, n. cloth, or piece of A
Appoint, ap-point r v. t. To fix; to establish; to consti- leather, worn before the body, to protect the clothes.
,

tute, prescribe, allot, assign, equip, — v. To deter-

i. Apropos, ap ro-po /\ adv. Opportunely seasonablj
/ r

mine ordain. — Appoint'able, a.

; ;

; Capable of being, by the way; to the purpose. [F.]

etc. — Appointee', n. One who is, etc. — Appoinfer, Aps, aps, n. The wood of the white poplar.
n. One who, etc. — Appointment, Act of, or n. Apse, aps, ??. (Arch.) The domed part of a church,
state of being, etc.; stipulation; arrangement; es-. where the altar is placed.— Ap-
tablished order; pi. whatever is appointed for use sis, ap'sis, n. : pi. -sides, -sl-
and management. —Apportion, ap-por'shun, v. t. dez. (Astron.) One of the two
[-tioned (-shuud), -tionixg.] To divide and assign points in an elliptical orbit which
in just proportion. — Apportionment, n. are at the greatest and least dis-
Apposite, ap'po-zit, a. Very applicable fit rele- tance from the central body.
; ;

vant; pat. — Ap'positeness, -sition. -zish'un, n. Act (Arch.) An apse.

of adding; accretion. {Gram.) The state of two Apt, a. Fit suitable having a Apsis. ; ;

nouns (one of which explains the other) put in the tendency; liable; ready: quick; dexterous. — Apf-
same case, without a connecting word' between itude, -tud, n. Disposition or tendency; readines"s in
them. — Apposi'tional, a. learning; docility. — Apt'ly, adv. — Apfness, n.
Appraise, ap-praz', v. t. [appraised (-prazd'), ap- Apteral, ap'ter-al. a. (Entom.) Destitute of wings.
praising.] To estimate the worth of, esp. by per- (Arch.) Having no columns along the sides, but
sons appointed for the purpose. Apprais'al, — n. A only in front.— Ap'terous. -us, a. (Entom.) Apteral.
valuation by authority. —
Appraise 'ment, n. — Ap- Aqua, a'kwa, n. Water, a Latin word used in —
praiser, n. One who, one appointed and
etc.; esp. chemistry, in significations determined by words
sworn to fix values. [Sometimes pronounced and annexed. —A. fortis, fSr'tK Nitric acid. A. ma- —
written, apprize, apprizal, etc.] rine, mn-ren / or marina, -ri'na.
'
variety of bervl, A
Appreciate, ap-pre'shl-at, v. t. To set a price on
— ; so called on account of its sea-green color. A. reg'ia, —
to estimate, esteem, value.
— v. i. To rise in value.
Appreciable, a. Capable of being, etc. — re'jT-a. Nitro-chloro-hydric acid. A. vitae, vi'te.
—
—
Appre- Water of life; brandy." Aqua Sium, n. ; pi. -ria.
ciation, n. A
just valuation; increase of value.— An artificial pond for rearing aquatic plants; glass
Appreciative, -tiv, -ciatory, -rl, a. Having just ap-
— tank for aquatic animals. — Aquatic, -kwafik, -ical,
preciation. Appreciatively, adv. a. Pert, to, inhabiting, or frequenting, water. —
Apprehend, ap-prc-hend', r. t. To seize or lav hold Aquatics, n. pi. Aquatic sports, as swimming, —
of; to understand; to entertain suspicion or feai-
of ; to arrest, conceive, imagine, dread. — rowing, etc. —
A'quatint, -tint'a, n. A method of
To etching by aqua fortis, producing an effect resemb-
be of opinion; to believe. — v. i.
Apprehensible, a. Ca- ling a water-color or India ink drawing. Aque- —
pable of being, etc. —
Apprehension, -shun, n. Act duct, ak'we-dukt, n. An artificial conduit for water.
of seizing; a taking by legal process; a taking in the —Aqueous, a'kwe-us, a. Of the nature of, or abound-
mind; conception; opinion; faculty by which ideas
are c>ncev*ed; distrust or fear of future evil.
ing with, etc.; watery; made by means of water. —
—Ap-
— A
Aqueous hu'mor. transparent fluid, forming
prehensive, -siv, a. Fearful; suspicious; percep- part of the eye. Aquiform, a'kwT-fSrm, a. In the
form of water.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 AQUILINE 21 ARGUE
Aquiline, ak'wT-lm or -lin, a. Belonging to the eagle; earliest geological period. — ArchseoKogy, -ol'o-ji,
. curving; hooked prominent, like the beak of an
; n. The science of antiquities; a treatise on antiqui-
eagle. ties or ancient usages, customs, etc. —
Ar'chseolog''-
Arab, ar'ab, A
native of Arabia; Relating — ArchaeoKogist, w.
— Archaic, ar-ka'ik, -ical, a. One
n. ical, a. to, etc.
a street vagabond a gamin. Ara-; — versed in, etc. An-
besque, ar'a-besk, n. species of or- A cient, antiquated.— Ar'chaism, -izm, n. An ancient
namentation after the Arabian man- or obsolete word or idiom; antiquity of style or use.
ner, intermingling foliage, fruits, etc., Archer, arch'er, n. A bowman. — Arcb/ery, n. Art
with other objects. a. In the man- y.— of shooting with a bow.
ner of the Arabians relating to the *K Archetype, ar'ke-tip, n. The original pattern of a
style of ornament called arabesque. /
;

— work; the model from which a thing is made.

Arabian, a-ra'bl-an, Arabic, ar'a-bik, "tf Archil, ar'kil, n. A violet dye obtained from sev-
a. Pertaining to Arabia or Arabians. eral species of lichen.
—
Ar'abic, n. The language of, etc. Archimedean, iir'ki-me-de'an, a. Pert, to Archim-
Arable, ar'a-bl, a. Fit for tillage or plow- edes. —A. screw, or
ing; plowed. Archimedes' screw.
Arbalost, ar'bal-est, -balist, -balet. An instrument for
-blast, Arcubalist, ar r ku-ba-list, n.
— A raising water,
cross-bow, Arbalister, Arcubalister, formed by winding
-baKist-er or -ba-lisfer, n. cross- A a flexible tube
bowman. round a cylinder in
Arbiter, ar'M-ter, Arbitrator, n. One Arabesque, the form of a screw.
empowered to judge and determine, without con- Archipelago, ar-kr-
trol;an umpire; one chosen by parties in contro- pel'a-go, n. Any
versy to determine their differences. [L.] Ar'bi- — I body of water inter- Archimedes Screw,
trable, a. Arbitrary; determinable. —Arbitrage spersed with isles; a group of isles.
-trej, re. Judgment by an arbiter, esp. as to traffic in Architect, ark'T-tekt, n. One who plans and super-
stocks of differing values in different markets. — intends the construction of a building; one who
Arbitrament, re. Will; determination; award of ar-
bitrators. — Arbitrary,
;

builds up. —
Architecture, -tek'chur, n. The art or
-trer-T, a. Depending on science of building; frame or structure; workman-
will or discretion despotic; bound by no law; ty-
; ship. —
Architectural, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.
rannical; imperious; capricious. —Arbitrarily, atfr. Architrave, ar'ki-trav, n. {Arch.) Lower division of
—
Arbitrate, -trat, v. t. To hear and decide, as ar- an entablature, the part resting immediately on the
bitrators. —t>. i. To decide; to judge or act as arbi- column an ornamental molding.
trator. —
Arbitration, n. Determination by, etc. — i ;

Archives, ar'kivz, n. pi. Place m

which public rec-
Arbitra'trix, Ar'bitress, n. female arbiter. A ords are kept; records preserved as evidence of facts.
Arbor, ar'bSr, n. A
bower; a seat shaded by trees. Archon, ar'kon, n. A chief magistrate in ancient
(Mach.) A
spindle or axis. Arbo'reous, -re-us, — Athens.
Arbo'real, a. Belonging to, growing on, or of the Arctic, ark'tik, o. Northern; lying far north. Arc- —
nature of, trees. —
Ar'boricul'ture, -kuKchur, n. tic circle. A
lesser circle 23 p from the north pole.
Art of cultivating, etc. Arcubalist. See under Arbalest.
Arbute, ar'bfit, Arbu'tus, n. The strawberry-tree, an Ardent, ar'dent, a. Hot or burning; much engaged;
evergreen shrub, whose berry resembles the straw- intense; fierce; vehement; fervent. —Ardor, ar / cler,
berry. n. Heat; warmth of passion or affection; eagerness.
Arc, ark, n. Part of the cir- Arduous, ard'u-us, «. High or lofty; attended with
cumference of a circle or ' great labor, like climbing heights; difficult.
curve.
Arc. Are, ar. Present indie, pi. of the substantive verb, ety-
Arcade, ar-lcad', n. A series of mologically a different word fr. be, am, or was.
arches; a walk arched above; a range of shops along Are, ar, n. (Metric Syst.) A measure of surf ace 100 ;

an ar<5hed passage. sq. meters, or 119.6 so. yards.

Arcanum, ar-ka'num, n. ; pi. -jta, -na. A secret. [L.] Area, a're-a, n. Any plane surface; the inclosed space
Arch, arch, a. Cunning or sly; mischievous in sport; around a building; a sunken space around a base-
roguish. —
Arcb/ly, adv. Arcb/ness, n. — ment. (Geom.) Superficial contents of any figure.
Arch, arch, a. Chief; of the first class; principal; — Arena, a-re'na, n.;pl. Are'nas, -naz; L. pi. Aee'n^e,
used as a prefix in compounded words, most of -ne. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in an amphitheater, for
which are self-explaining as, arch-apostle, arch- gladiators, etc., which was covered with sand; any
—
;

conspirator, etc. Arch-angel, ark-an^jel, n. An place of public contest.

angel of the highest order. —-angelic, -an-jel r-, a. Areola, a-re^o-la, n. ; pi. -olj>, -le. An interstice or
Pert, to, etc. bishop, arch-bish'op, re.
bishop; a metropolitan.
diction or diocese of, etc.
—
chief
bish/opric, re. The juris-
deacon, arch-de'kn, n.
A small space; the colored ring around the nipple, also
around certain vesicles.
Areopagus, ar-e-op'a-gus, n. A tribunal at Athens,
An ecclesiastical dignitary next in rank below a held on a hill named for Ares, or Mars.
bishop. duke, arch-, n. grand duke; chief A Argand lamp, ar'gand. A lamp having a hollow wick
prince; now, strictly, a son of an Emperor of Aus- under a glass chimney, producing a strong light. —
A. burner. A ring-shaped gas-burner, admitting a
ti-ia.
duke or arch-duchess. —
duke'dom, n. The jurisdiction of an arch-
du'eal, a. Pert, to an arch-
A
current of air through the center.
—
-

duke.
tria. —duch/ess, n.
duch'y,
jurisdiction, etc.
princess of the house of Aus-
n. Territory or
en'emy,
Argent, ar'jent, a. Silvery; bright like silver.
white color on a coat of arms.
—
n. The
—
Ar'gentan, ?i. Ger-
man silver. Argentiferous, -us, a. Containing,
arch-, re. The devil. fiend, etc.
arch-fend', n. The chief of Argil, ar'jil, n. (Min.) Clay or potter's earth some-
fiends. —
Archidiaconal, ark'T- J^ times pure alumina. —Argillaceous, -la'shus, a. O.f
;

di-ak'o-nal, a. Pert, to an arch- the nature of, etc. —

Argilliferous, -er-us, a. Pro-
deacon.— Archiepiscopacy, ducing, etc.
ark'T-e-pis'ko-pa-si, n. Estate Argive, ar'jiv, a. Pert, to Argos, in Greece.
of an archbishop. Arch / - Argonaut, ar'go-nawt, re. One who sailed to Colchis
iepis'copal, a. Of, or pert, to, with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece.
etc. ;
-
'i|| (Zobl.) The nautilus. —
Argosy, ar'go-sT, n. large A
Arch, arch, «. A
curve line or ~Y
~^ shin.
part of a circle any work in ; Argot, ar-go', n. The secret language of thieves,
that form, or covered by an tramps, etc.; flash; cant.
arch. — v. t. or i. [arched Argue, ar'gu, v. i. [argued (-gud), -guing.] To
(archt), arching.] To form an arch, use arguments to reason; to contend in argument,
n. Passage under an arch. dispute, — ;

v. t. To debate or discuss, prove.— Argu-

Archaean, ar-ke'an, a. Ancient. (Geo!.) Pert, to the ment, n. A
proof or means of proving process of ;

sun. cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ARHYTHMOUS 22 ARROW
reasoning; subject-matter, or abstract of the subject- senting the circles of the ce-
matter, of a discourse, writing, picture, etc. Argu- — lestial sphere. —
Ar'millate,
mentative, -tiv, a. Containing or addicted to, etc. -lated, a. Furnished with
— Argumen'tum ad hom'inem. Unexpected conse- bracelets.
quences pressed against a man, from his own prin- Arminian, ar-min'T-an, n. A
ciples or conduct. [L.] follower of Arminius, who
Arhythmous, a-rith'mus, a. (Med.) Without rhythm denied predestination and
or regularity, as the pulse. kindred doctrines.— a. Pert,
£ria, a'ri-a, n. (Mus.) An air or song: a tune. to Arminius or Ms princi-
Arietta, -et'ta, Aristts, -el', n. little aria. A — ples.
Arian, a'rf-an, a. Pert, to Arius, or his doctrines. Armure, ar'mur, n. A wool-
n. A believer in Arius's doctrine, that Christ was en fabric, twilled, or woven .

only a superangelic being. with ribs on the surface. [F.]

Arid,\ir'"id, a. Dry; parched up with heat. Army, ar'nil, n. A body ol
Aright, a-nt', adv. Rightly without mistake.
; men armed and organized
Arise, a-riz'. v. i. [arose (-roz'), arising (-riz'ing), great number"; a
for war: a °
Armillary Sphere.
arisen (-rizn /').] To come or get up higher to ; h Q St
mount, ascend, rise; to come into action, being, or Arnica, ar'nt-kai n. (Bot.) A
plant used in medicine
notice; to proceed, issue, spring. as a narcotic and stimulant. Ar'nicine, -nl-sin, —
Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ra-sT, «. form of govern- A n. A bitter resin,
the active principle of arnica.
ment, in which the supreme power is vested in a Aroma, a-ro'ma, n. The fragrant quality in plants.
privileged order; nobility or chief persons in a state. — Aromatic, ar-o-ma fik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or con-
— Aristocrat, -ris'to-krat or ar'is-, n. One who fa- taining, etc.; fragrant: spicy. —Aromatic, n. A
vors, etc. a proud or haughty person.
; Ar'istocraf- — plant, drug, or medicine, fragrant, and usually pun-
—
ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, consisting in, or partaking of, gent in taste. Aromatize, -ro'ma-tiz or ar'o-ma-tlz,
etc. — Aristocrat 'ically, adv. Aris'tocratism, n. — v.t. [aromatized (-tizd), -tizing.] To impregnate
Habits or principles of, etc. with, etc. —
Aro'matous, -tus, o. Containing aroma.
Arithmancy, ar'ith-man'si or a-rith^man-sf, n. The Around, a-rownd', prep. On all sides of about ;

foretelling of future events, by means of numbers. from one part to another of. —
adv. In a circle; on.
— Arithmetic, n. Science of numbers; art of com- every side at random
; here and there.;

putation by figures. —
Arithmetical, a. According Arouse, a-rowz', v. t. Taroused ), arous- (-rowzd r
to, etc. —Arithmetically, a-lv. Ar'ithmeti'cian, — ing.] To awaken suddenly, excite, animate.
-tish'an, n. One skilled in, etc. Arpeggio, ar-ped'jo, n. (Mas.) The production of
Ark, ark, n. A
chest, such as contained the Jews' ta- the tones of a chord in rapid succession, and not
bles of the covenant; Noah's vessel during the del- simultaneously.
uge; a large boat for transporting bulky articles. Arpent, fir' pent, n. A French land measure, used
Arm, arm, n. The limb between the shoulder and in Louisiana, where it contains 4,0SS sq. yards. [F.]
the hand anything resembling an arm, as the
; Arquebu3e, ar-'kwe-bus, n. A hand-gun, fired from a
branch of a tree, or an inlet of water from the sea; hook or rest.
power; might. (Naut.) The end of a yard; part Arrack, ar'rak, n. A spirit obtained from rice or the
of an anchor. (Mil.) A branch of the military ser- cocoa-nut tree, etc.
vice; an instrument of warfare. — n. pi. Instru- Arraign, ar-ran', v. t. [arraigned (-rand'), -raign-
ments or weapons of offense or defense deeds or ing.J (Laiv.) To call or set to answer at the bar of
exploits of war. (Her.) Ensigns armorial.
;

— v. t. a court; to call in question, impeach, censure.

[armed (armd), arming.] To. furnish with weap- Arrange, ar-ranj', r. t. [arranged (-ranjd'), -ran-
ons; to add strength, force, etc.; to furnish with ging.] To put or place in proper order; to adjust or
means of defense. — v. i. To be provided with means settle. — Arrange 'ment, n. Act of, or state of being,
of attack or resistance; to take arms. Arm'chair, — etc.; result ofarranging; classification; settlement;
-char, n. A
chair with arms to support the elbows. adjustment by argeement. (Mus.) Adaptation of a
hole, -hoi. n. The cavity under the shoulder; arm- composition to voices or instruments for which it
pit; a hole for the arm in a garment.
hollow under the shoulder. —
pit, n. The
Arm 'ful, m. ; j>l. -fuls.
— was not written; a piece so adapted.
Arrant, ar'rant, a. Very bad; notorious.
As much as the arms can hold. less, a. Without Arras, ar'ras, n. Tapestry; hangings, made first at —
arms. —
like, a. Of the form of, etc. — Coat of arms,
n. (Her.) A habit worn by knights over armor; an
Arras in the Netherlands.
Array, ar-ra r n. Order; disposition in regular lines;
armorial device. —
Stand of arms, n. A complete set
,

posture for fighting an orderly collection dress;

; ;

for one soldier.— Small arms, n. Those not requir- raiment. (Laiv.) A ranking of a jury as impan-
ing carriages. —
Ar'mament, n. A body of forces eled in a cause; the panel itself; the whole body of
equipped for war arrangements for defending a jurors summoned to attend the court. v.t. [ar- —
—
;

fortification ; ships' guns and munitions. Ar'- rayed (-rad'), -raying.] To dispose in order to ;

mat"ure,-ma-chur, n. Armor. (Magnetism.) Apiece deck or dress. (Laiv.) To set in order, as a jury;
of iron connecting the poles of a magnet, or electro- to call them man by man; to draw out, arrange, en-
magnet, to complete the circuit. Ar'mistice, -tis, — velop.
n. Atemporary cessation of arms; a truce. Arm'- — Arroar, ar-rer', n. sing., Arrears', n. pi. That which is
or, -er, n. Defensive covering for the body or for behind in payment, or remains unpaid, though due,
ships. —
Arrn'or-bear^er, n. One who carries anoth- — Arrearage, -ej, n. The part of a debt unpaid.
er's armor or arms; an esquire Ar'morer, n. One — Arrect, ar-rekf, Arrect'ed, a. Lifted up; raised;
who makes or has charge of, etc. Armourial, a. — erect.
Belonging to armor, or to a family escutcheon. Arrest, ar-resf, v. t. To check or hinder the motion
Ar'mory, n. Apbce where arms, etc., are kept or or action of. (Law.) To take or apprehend by au-
manufactured. (Her.) _Science of coat-armor. thority. To seize on and fix to obstruct, delay, ;

Armada, ar-ma'da or -ma'da, n. fleet of armed A check^ stop. —n. (Law.) The taking or apprehend-
ships; esp. the Spanish fleet sent against England, ing of a person; any seizure, or taking by power;
a. d. 1.5S8. [Sp.j hindrance.
Armadillo, iirma-dillo, _~=>za3=r=r=T-^ V..^ ;
\. Arrive, ar-riv', v. i. [arrived (-rivd'), -riving.]
n. (Zool.) An animal ^ -
:
^>C .
-
Lit., to come to the shore; to come; to gain or com-
of South America, hav- ^fe. ; pass an object by effort, practice, study, etc. Ar- —
ing the body encased /3gi; rival, n. Act of arriving; attainment or gaining of
:

any object: person or thing arriving.

Ancillary, ar'n -;:.--
Arrogate, ar'ro-gat, v. t. To claim unduly; assume.
a. Pert, to, or resem- "^^^=^?- -^S-- — Abrogative, -tiv, a. Arrogant.— Ar'fogance, n.
bling, a bracelet or Undue assumption of importance; haughtiness.
ring; consisting of Armadillo, Ar'rogant, a. Assuming undue importance; over-
rings or_ circles. —A. sphere. An instrument con- bearing presumptuous.
; Ar'rogantly, adv. —
sisting rings, of all circles of the same sphere, repre- Arrow, ar'ro, n. A pointed weapon to be shot from a
am. fame, far, opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 ARSENAL 23 ASPIRE
bow.— Ar'row-head'ed, Shaped like
-hed'ed, a. v.t. To go upward upon; to climb. Ascend'ant, —
the head of an arrow; — esp. applied to the wadge- a. Above the horizon; superior; predominant, —n.
shaped, or cuneiform, alphabetical characters found Superior influence; an ancestor. (Astrol.) The
in inscriptions at Persepolis, Nineveh, Babylon, etc. horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which
— Ar'rowroot, -root, n. A
tropical plant, and the rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. —
starch which it yields. Ascend'ency, n. Authority; sway; control. As- —
Arsenal, ar'se-nal, n. A
public establishment for the cen'sion; n. Act of ascending; esp. the elevation of
manufacture or storage of arms. our Savior to heaven. —
Ascent', n. The act of ris-
Arsenic, ar'se-nik, ?). (Min.) A
metal of a steel gray ing; way by which one ascends; an eminence or
Color, and brilliant luster. (Com.) Arsenious acid high place; the angle which- an object makes with a
—
;

a virulent poison, called also oxide of arsenic, horizontal line; inclination.

white arsenic, and ratsbane. Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v. t. [ascertained (-tand'),
Arsis, ar'sis, n. (Pros.) The part of a foot marked by -taining.] To make certain; to establish; to find
a greater stress of voice. out for a certainty.
Arson, ar'sn, n. (Law.) Malicious burning of build- Ascetic, as-setlk, n. One who practices undue rigor
ings or ships. or self-denial in religious things, —a. Unduly rigid
Art, art. Second person sing., indie, mode, pres. or self-denying.
tense, of the verb to be, but from were. Ascribe, as-krib', v. f. [ascribed (-kribdO, ascrib-
Art, art, n. Employment of means to accomplish an ing.} To attribute tOv as a cause or quality; to im-
end; a system o£ rules for performing actions, pute; to. assign. —
Ascrip'tion, n. Act of ascribing;
opp. to science; power of performing certain actions, thing ascribed.
acquired by experience, study, etc.; cunning; arti- Ash, n. A genus of forest, trees, or their wood. —
fice duplicity.
;
—
Art'fal, -iuf, a. Made, performed Ash'es, -ez, n.ph Earthy or mineral particles re-
with," characterized by, or using art or skill: prac-
—
maining after combustion; —
among chemists, and
ticing stratagem; e ratty. —
Art 'fully, adv. Art'- in composition, used in the sing., as, bone-ash, pearl-
fulness, n. —
Ar'tifice, -ti-fis, n. Artful or skillful ash ; the remains of what is burnt; remains of a dead
contrivance; fraud. —
Artificer, -tif'i-ser, n. A body.—Ash-Wednesday, -wenz'dl. The first day of
,
skillful workman in some art; one who constructs Lent. —Ash/y, -I, a. Ash-colored; like ashes.
and contrives. —
Artificial, -fish/al, a. Made or Ashamed, a-shamd', a. Affected by shame; abashed
contrived by art; factitious; hence, feigned; ficti- or confused by guilt, impropriety, etc.
tious; cultivated; not indigenous. —
Artificially, Ashlar, Ashler," ashler, n. Free-stones as they come
adv. —
Artifi'cialness, -cial'ity, ar-tT-fish't-al'i-tl, from the quarry; hewn stones for facing walls.
•
n. —
Artisan, -zan, n. One skilled in any mechan- Ashore, a-shor', adv. On or to shore; on the land.
ical art; a handicraftsman. — Artist, n. One who Aside, a-sidl adv. On, or to, one side; apart. n. A —
professes andpractices one of the liberal arts. Ar- — remark in an undertone or by way of parenthesis.
tiste, ar-test', n.One who is dexterous and tasteful Ask. ask, v. t. or i. [asked (askt), asking.] To re-
in almost anyart. [E\] —
Artistic, -ical, a. Pert, quire: to inquire, petition, beg, claim, demand, inter-
to, or characterized by, art; made in the manner of rogate. — Ask'er, n. One who asks. (Zo'61.) — A
an artist. —Art1es3, a. Free from art, craft, or water newt, eft.
stratagem ingenuous ; contrived without skill or
; Askance, as-kans', Askant', adv. Obliquely ; side-
art; inartificial. wavs: toward one comer of the eye.
Artery, ar'ter-i, n. One of the vessels which convey Askew, a-sku', adv. Sideways; askant; awry.
the Dlood from the heart to all parts of the body; an Aslant, a-slant', adv. At a slant; obliquely.
important channel of communication. Asleep, a-slep', adv. In a state of sleep; at rest; dead.
Art93ian, ar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to Artois in France. — Aslope, a-slop', adv. With a slope or descent.
A. wells. Wells bored into the earth to reach water, Asp, asp, Aspic, n. A small,
which flows from internal pressure. hooded, poisonous serpent.
Artichoke, ar'tt-chok, n. An esculent plant resem- Asparagus, as-par'a-gus, n. A
bling a thistle. culinary plant.
Article, ar'tl-kl, n. A distinct portion of any writing, Aspect, as'pekt, n. Look; mien;
consisting of particulars; a clause in a contract, ac- air; appearance to the eye or
count, treaty, etc.; a distinct part; a particular com- the mind position in rela-
;

modity or substance. (Gram.) One of the three tion to the points of the com-
words, a, an, the. —
v. 1. [articled (-kid), -cling. J pass. (Astrol.)The situation
To set forth in distinct articles; to bind by articles of one planet or star with re-
of covenant. —
i'. i. To ag/ee bv articles; to stipu- spect to another.
late. —
Artic'ulate, a. (Nat. Hist.) Formed with Aspen, as'pen, n. (Bot.) spe- A
joints. Distinctly uttered; clear, —n. (Zo'61.) An cies of poplar. —
a. Pert, to
animal having the body and members jointed. — the aspen.
v. t. To joint; to unite by a joint; to form into ele- Asperate, as'per-at, v. t. To
mentary sounds. —v. i. To utter articulate sounds; —
make rough. Asperity, -p6r'- Asp.
to enunciate. —Artic'ula'tion, n. (Anat.) Junction l-tT, n. Roughness of surface,
of the bones of a skeleton. (Bot.) Connection of taste, or sound; harshness of spirit and language;
the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods; one of the acrimony; moroseness.
joints, as in cane and maize; one of the parts be- Asperse, as-pers', v. t. [aspersed (-pSrsf), aspers-
tween joints. Utterance of the elementary sounds ing.] To bespatter with foul reports or injurious
of language. charges; to calumniate, slander, defame. Asper'- —
Artillery, ar-til'ier-i, n. Offensive weapons of war; sion, -shun, n. A
sprinkling, as of water or dust, in
cannon; great guns; ordnance; the body of men in a literal sense; spreading of calumnious reports; cal-
charge of cannon, etc.; the science of artillery and umny.
gunnery. Asphalt, as-falt'. -phal'tum, n. Mineral pitch; com-
Aryan, ar'yan or ar'T-an, a. Pert, to an ancient pact native bitumen.
people of Central Asia, from whom are supposed to Asphodel, as'fo-del, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant of
descend the Celtic, Teutonic, Sclavonic, and other the lilv species; daffodil.
races; Indo-European or Indo-Germanic. Asphysia, -phyx'y, -T, n. (Med.) Apparent
as-fiks'i-a,
As, az, adv. Like; similar to; of the same kind with; death, or suspended animation. —
Asphyx'ia'tion,
while; during; in the idea, character, nature, or n. The process of producing, or state of, asphyxia.
condition of; for instance; by way of example; Aspire, as-plr', v. i. [aspired (-pird'), aspiring.]
thus. To desire with eagerness; to rise. Aspir'ant, a. —
Asafetida, -foetida, as-a-fet'Y-da, n. fetid inspis-A Aspiring ardently desirous of rising. Aspir'ant,—
—
;

sate 1 sap from India, used in medicine. Aspir'er, n. One who seeks eagerly. Aspirate,
AsbesttB, as-bes'tus, -bes'tos, n. (Min.) fibrous A as'pl-rat, v. t. To pronounce with a breathing or
variety of hornblende and pyroxene, making an full emission of breath, —n. A letter marked with
incombustible cloth. a note of breathing; a mark of aspiration C^) used
Ascend, as-send', v. i. To mount; to go up; to rise. — in Greek; the rough breathing; anon-vocal conso-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ASS 24 ASTRICT
nant.— a. Pronounced with a rough breathing.— to convert into a like substance. v. i. To become —
Aspiralion. ?t. Pronunciation of a letter with a similar. —
Assimilable, a. Capable of, etc. As- —
strong emission of breath; strong wish or desire. sinVila'tion, n. Act of assimilating state of resem- ;

Ass, ass, n. (Zool.) A

quadruped of the horse family, blance or identity conversion of nutriment into
:

having long, slouch- the substance of the body. Assim'ilative, -tiv, a. —

ing ears. A dull, Having power of assimilating.
stupid fellow; a dolt. Assist, as-sisf, v. t. To give support to; to succor.—
— Asinine, asl-nin, v. i. To help: to attend. Assist'ance, n. Aid re- — ;

a. Belonging to, or lief. —Assistant, a. Helping; auxiliary.— n. One

having the qualities who assists.
of, an ass ; stupid ; Assize, as-slzl n. Lit., a sitting an order or regula- ;

obstinate. _ tion, esp. about the weight of bread, etc. (Law.)

Assail, as-sal'. v. t. Periodical sessions of the superior courts in the
[assailed (-said'), counties of England, usually in the pi. v. t. — —
assailing.] To at- [assized (-sizdO, -sizing.] To fix the weight,
tack with violence; measure, or price of, by authority.
to attack with a view Associate, as-so'shl-at, v. t. To join in company as a
to change feelings, friend, companion, partner, etc. to unite in the same ;

conduct, etc.: to as- mass.— v. i. To unite in company, —a. Closely

sault, beset, fall connected. n. —
companion: a mate. A Asso'cia'- —
upon. Ass. tion, -shl-a'shun. n. Union; connection; union of
Assassin, as-sas'sin, n. 0/ who kills or attempts persons in a society for some particular purpose.—
kill bv secret assault. —
Assas'sinate, v. t. To mur Asso'cia'tional. a.' Pert, to an, etc. Asso'cia'- —
der bv, etc. —
Assas'sina'tkm, ». Act of. etc. tionalism, n. (Philos.) Doctrine of associationalists.
Assault, as-sawit', n. A
violent attack with blows, —
Asso'cia'tionalist, n. (PMlos.) One who ex-
weapons, etc., or with words, arguments, appeals, plains the higher functions and relations of the
and the like; invasion; incursion; onset; charge. soul by the association of ideas.— Asso'ciative, -tiv, -

(Law.) An attempt or offer to beat another, but a. Te'nding or pertaining to association.

without touching his person: if the blow takes ef- Assort. as-s6rf, v. t. To distribute into classes; to
fect, it is battery.— v. t. To attack with, etc. furnish with all sorts. Assortlnent, n. Distribu- —
Assay, as-sa"\ n. (Chem.) Determination of the quan-! tion into classes things assorted. ;

titv of any metal, esp. gold or silver, in an ore or al- Assuage, as-swaj', v. t. [assuaged (-swajd'), assua-
loy: the substance to be assayed: a_trial of weights ging.] To soften; to allay or lessen, as pain or grief
and measures. —
r. t. [assayed (-sad'), assaying.] to appease, soothe, alleviate.
—
To subject to chemical examination, etc. v. i. To Assume, as-suni', v.t. [assumed (-sumd'), assuming.]
j

attempt, trv, or endeavor. To take, or take upon one's self; to take for granted,
Assemble, as-sem'bl, v. t. [assembled (-sem'bld), or without proof to pretend to possess, —v. i. To :

-bling.] To bring or call together; to convene; to claim unduly. —

Assumption, -sum'shun, n. Act
congregate. — v. i. To meet or come together: to con- of assuming; supposition: thing supposed. (Logic.)
vene. — Assemblage, -blej, n. Act of assembling; The minor proposition in a categorical syllogism.
—
collection of individuals, or of particular things. (Led.) A
festival in honor of the ascent of the Vir-
Assem'bly, bit, n. A
company collected in one gin Marv into heaven.
place, usually for some common purpose; meeting; Assure, a-shoor', v. t. [assueed, (-shoord'), assum-
group. ing.] To make sure or certain; to insure. (Law.)
Assent, as-senf, n. The act of assenting, admitting, To covenant to indemnify for loss. Assur'ance, n. —
or agreeing to anything; consent. v.i. —
To admit Act of assuring; a declaration inspiring credit; free-
a thing as "true; to'express agreement, or concession. dom from doubt; firmness of mind; intrepidity; im-
— Assentalion, n. Assent By way of flattery or dis- pudence; insurance; a contract to pay on occasion of
simulation adulation. —
Assentalor, -ter, n. flat- Aa certain event, as loss or death. (Lav:.) Evidence of
;

terer or dissembler. —Assent 'er, n. One who assents. conveyance of property. Assur'edly, adv. Cer- —
Assert, as-sert', v. t. To affirm positively; to aver, tainly": without doubt.
vindicate. — Assertion, -ser'shun, n. Act of assert- Aster, "asler, n. (Bot.) genus of plants with radi- A
ing; vindication. —
Assertive, -iv, a. Positive af-
I

ated compound flowers. As'terisk, n. The mark —

firming confidently. —
Assert'or, -er, n. Asserf- — ; j

[*] in printing and writing. As'terism, -izm, n. — A

ory, -er-t, a. Affirming: maintaining. small cluster of stars. (Printing.) Three asterisks
j

Assess, as-ses', v. t. [assessed (-sesf), -sessixg.] To [*,*] directing attention to a particular passage.
tax; to value for taxation: to determine, fix, estimate. —
As'teroid, n. (Astron.) One of the small planets
— Assessable, a. Liable to be assessed. Assess'"-— revolving between Mars and Jupiter. As'tral. a. —
ment, n. Act of, etc. valuation sum charged.
; ;
—
Belonging to the stars starry. As'tral Lamp, n. ;
—
Assess'or, -er, n. One appointed to assess persons An Argand lamp having the oil in a flattened ring.
or property. —
Astrol'ogy. -jl, n. Science of predicting events
Assets, as'sets, n. pi. Property in possession or bv the aspects of the stars. Astrol'oger, -jer. n. —
money due, as opp. to liabilities. One who pretends to foretell events, etc.— Astro-
Asseverate, as-sev'gr-at, v. t. To affirm solemnly. —
logic, -lojlk, -ical. a. Pert, to, etc. Aatron'omy. n. —
AsseVera'tion, n. Science of the heavenly bodies. Astron'omer. n. —
Assiduous, as-sid'u-us, a. Constant in attention sed- :One versed in astronomy.
ulous: persevering; —
indefatigable. Assid'uousness, Astern, a-stern', adv. In, at, or toward, the hinder
n. — Assiduity, -t-tT, n. Constant application. part of a ship; behind a ship.
Assign, as-sm', v. t. [assigned (-sind'), assign- -Asthma, as'ma or az'ma, n. Disordered respiration,
ing.] To appoint, allot, apportion: to fix, desig- with cough and difficult breathing. Asthmatic, —
nate. (Law.) To transfer, or make over to an- -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected by, etc.
other to transfer to, and vest in assignees, for the Astir, a-ster', adv. In motion or action.
—
;

benefit of creditors. n. (Law.) One to whom prop- Astonish, as-tonlsh, v. t. To strike dumb with sud-
erty is transferred. —
Assignable, a. Capable of den fear, terror, surprise, or wonder to amaze. ;
—
being, etc. — Assignation, -sig-na'shun, n. Act of, Astonishing, a. Of a nature to excite astonish-
etc. an appointment to meet at given time and place. ment surprising; wonderful; admirable: marvel-
—
; ;

Assignee, as-si-ne', n. One to~whoni something is

— ous. —
Astonishment, n. Confusion of mind from,
assigned. Assigner, as-sin'er. n. One who, etc.— etc.
Assignment, a. An allotting to a particular person Astound, as-townd'. v. t. To astonish.
or use. (Law.) A
transfer of title by writing; writ- Astraddle, a-strad'dl, adv. With the legs across a
ing by which an interest is transferred; transfer of thing, or on different sides of it.
a bankrupt's property to assignees, for creditors. —
Astray, a-stra', adv. Out of, or from, the right way ;

Assignor, -sl-norl n. (Law.) One who assigns or wrong.

transfers an interest. Astrictl as-trikt', v. t. To constrict to contract. ;

Assimilate. as-siin'T-lat, v. t. To cause to resemble: Astric'tion, n. —

Astringe, as-trinj r , v. t. —
[as-

&in, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r
 ASTRIDE 25 ATTRIBUTE
trixged astrixgixg.] To bind fast,
(-trinjcK), Attach, nt-tacb/, v. t. [attached (-tachf), attach-
constrict, contract. —
Astrin'gency, n. Quality ixg.J To bind, fasten, or tie; to take by legal au-
of beins- astringent. —
Astrin'gent, a. Binding; thority: to lay hold on, affix, gain over, win. v. i. —
strengthening; —
opp. to laxative. n. A medicine — To adhere. —
Attachment, n. Act of, or state of
causing vital"contraction in the organic textures. being, etc. a passion or affection
; that by which ;

Astride, a-strid', adv. With the legs apart. one tiling is attached to another an adjunct. (Civ. :

Astute, as-tuf, a. Critically examining or discern- Law.) A seizure by legal process ; the writ com-
ing; shrewd; subtle; sagacious. Astute'ness, n. — manding such seizure. —
Attache*, at-ta-sha', n.
Asunder, a-sun'der, adv. Apart; separately. One attached to the suite of an ambassador. [F.]
Asylum, a-si'lum, n. ; pi. Eng. Asy'lims, L. Asy'la, Attack, at-tak', v. t. [attacked (-takf), attack-
-La. A place of refuge: an institution for protection ing.] To fall upon with force or with unfriendly
or relief, for the deaf and dumb, insane, etc. words; to assail, invade. (C'/iem.) To begin to de-
At, prep, denoting presence or nearness in place or compose, by chemical agents. n. falling on with — A
time (at home, at one o'clock); hence, relations of violence, or with calumny, satire, etc.; onset; in-
situation, condition, etc. (at war, at your service); road: charge.
after verbs of motion, direction towards (to run at). Attain, at-tan', v. i. [attaixed (-tand'), attaix-
Ate. at, pret. of Eat. See Eat. ixg.] To come or arrive, by motion or efforts; to
Atelier, at'lT-a or a-teKva, n. An artist's workroom; reach. — »'. t.
To achieve ; to gain to equal. At- ; —
studio. [F.] tainable, a. Capable of being, etc. [Improperly
Athanasian, ath-a-na'zhan, a. Pert, to Athanasius, used for obtainable, procurable.} Attain'abil'ity, —
bishop of Alexandria, or his doctrines. Attain'ableness, n. —
Attain'ment, n. Act of, etc.,
Atheist, a'the-ist. n. One who denies the existence that which_is, etc.; proficiency in knowledge.
of God. —
A'theism. n. Disbelief in, etc.— Atheist'- Attaint, at-tanf, v. i. To stain; to disgrace. (Law.)
ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. impious. Atheist'ically,
; — To taint or corrupt, as blood: to taint, as the credit
adv. of jurors giving a false verdict, —n. stain; spot. A
Atheneum, -naeum, ath-e-ne'um, n.; p>l. Eng. Athexe'- (Law.) A
writ to inquire whether a jurv has given
ums, L. -X-EA, -ne'a. A literary or scientific associa- a false verdict. (Far.) wound on a horse's leg, A
tion; a public library and reading room. made by over-reaching.
Athenian, a-the'nT-an, a. Pert, to Athens, in Greece. Attemper, at-tem'per, v. t. [attempered (-perd),
Athirst. a-thersf, a. Thirsty: having keen desire. -perixg.] To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mix-
Athlete, ath'let, n. A contender for victory in trials ture: to soften; to mix in just proportion; to" make
of strength. —
Athletic, -lefik, a. Pert, to wrestling, suitable; to adapt.
boxing, and other manly exercises; strong; vigorous. Attempt, at-temf, v. t. To make trial of; to make
Athwart, a-thwawrf, prep. Across. adv. Sidewise; — an attack upon. — v. i. To make an effort or an
in a manner to cross and perplex. attack. —
n. An essay, trial, or endeavor.
Atilt, a-tilf, adv. In the position of one making a Attend, at-tend', v. t. 'To go or stay with; to wait on,
thrust; with one end raised. accompany; to be united or consequent to. v. i. To —
Atlas, aflas, n. A
collection of map * in a volume pay attention with a view to perceive, understand, or
a volume of plates or comply heed listen wait or be in waiting.
; ; : At- —
tables; a kind of silk- tend'ance. n. Act of. etc.; persons attending; a train;
satin; a kind of large a retinue. —
Attend'ant, a. Present, or in the train
drawing paper. accompanying or immediately following, as conse-
(Anat.) The first quential. (Law.) Depending on, or owing duty or
vertebra of the neck. service to. n. —
One who, or that which, etc. At- —
[Atlas, a Greek tenf, a. Attentive. —
Atten'tion, n. Act of attend-
demigod, said to ing or heeding: act of civility; care; respect; regard;
bear the world on notice. — Attentive, -iv, a. Full of attention ;
his shoulders, and mindful ; civil ; polite.
whose figure was Attenuate, at-ten'u-at, v. t. To make thin, or less
printed on the title- viscid; to make slender; to draw out or extend in
pages of old atlas- length, —v. i. To become thin, slender, or fine; to
es.] lessen.
Atmosphere, at'mos- Attest, at-tesf, v. t. To bear witness to: to give proof
{Physics.)
fer, n. of; to call to witness. —
Attesta'tion, ft. Testimony;
The aeriform fluid esp., official testimony. — Attesfor, n.
surrounding the Attic, at'tik. a. Pert, to Attica, in Greece, or to its prin-
earth pressure of
; cipal city, Athens.— n. (Arch.) story in the upper A
the air on a unit of part of a house; a garret.
surface a gaseous Attire, at-tir', v. t. [attired (-tlrd'), attirixg.]
medium.
;

— Atmos- To dress, array, adorn. n. Clothes; dress. —

pheric, -fer'ik, -ical, Attitude, at'ti-tud, n. Posture or position. Attitu'- —
a. Relating to, ex- Atlas. dinize, v. i. [attitudixized (-nizd), -nizixg.] To
isting in, or dependent on, etc. assume affected attitudes.
Atom, at'om, n. An ultimate or constituent particle Attorney, at-ter'ni, n. ; pi. Attor'xeys. (Law.) One
of matter; a molecule; anything extremely small. — legally appointed by another to transact business for
Afomize, v. t. To reduce to afoms or to fine spray, him. — Power of attorney. document by which A
— said of liquids.— Afomizer. n. (Med.) An instru- one is authorized to transact business for another.
ment for converting liquids into spray for inhala- — Attorneyship, n. Office of, etc.
tion, local anaesthesia, etc. Attract, at-trakf. v. t. To draw or cause to tend to-
Atone, a-ton', v. i. [atoxed (-toncK), atoning.] To ward: to cause to adhere or combine; to allure; to
stand as an equivalent to make reparation, com- engage. — Attract'able, a. Capable of being, etc. —
— —
;

pensation, etc.; to expiate. v. t. To reconcile: to Attract'abiKity, ». Attract'ile, -il, a. Having

answer or make satisfaction for. Aton'able, a. — — power to attract." —
Attraction, -trak'shun, n.
Atone'ment, n. Reconciliation reparation made ; (Phi/sics.) An invisible powerin a body by which it
by giving an equivalent for an injury. (Tfieol.) draws anything to itself; the powerin nature tend-
The expiation ot sin made by Christ. Aton'er, n. — ]

I
ing to draw bodies together or to produce cohesion,
Atrocious, a-tro'shus, a. Extremely heinous; enor- and resisting separation. Act of attracting: power
inously wicked flagrant.
; —
Atro'ciously, adv. — or act of alluring, inviting, or engaging. Attract- —
Atro'ciousness, Atrocity, a-tros'i-ti, n. Enormous ive, -iv, a. Having the power ot. etc.: enticing; in-
wickedness or cruelty. viting. — n. That which, etc. Attractively, adv. —
Atrophy, afro-f 1, n. A
wasting awav from lack of — AttracfivenesB, n.
nourishment. Attribute, at-trib'ut, v. t. To consider as belonging
Atropia, a-tro'pY-a, Atro'pina. Atropine, -ro-pin. n. to: to ascribe to; charge. Attribute, aftrT-hut, n.—
-(Cnem.) A very poisonous alkaloid extracted from A thing that may be attributed; inherent quality;
the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. essential or necessary property. Attributable, a. —
sun, cube, full; moon, f (Jot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 ATTEITE 26 AUTOPSY
Capable of being attributed. —Attribution, n. Aulic, aw'lik, a. Pert, to a royal court.
Act of attributing; quality attributed. Attrib /'u- — Aunt, ant, n. A
father's or mother's sister.
tive, -tiv, a. Relating to, or expressing, an attribute. Aural, aw'ral, a. Belonging to the ear. Au'rist, —
— n. A word denoting an attribute or quality. h. One skilled in disorders of the ear. Au'ricle, —
Attrite, at-trif, a. Worn by rubbing or friction. — -rl-kl, n. (Anat.) The external ear; one of two mus-
Attrition, -trish'un.M. Act of wearing by friction; cular sacs at tl^e base of the heart, resembling the
abrasion; state of being worn. external ear of some quadrupeds. kind of ear- A
Attune, at-tun', v. t. [attuned (-tund')i attuning.] trumpet. —
Auric'ular, a. Pert, to the ear, or sense
To put in tune, arrange fitly, make accordant. of hearing; told in the ear secret recognized by ; ;

Auburn, aw'bern, a. Reddish brown. the ear; traditional. {Med.) Pert, to the auricles of
Auction, awk'shun, n. A public sale of propejty to the heart. n. — A
circle of feathers surrounding
the highest bidder: a vendue. Auctioneer', -er^, n. — the opening of a bird's ear the little finger. ;

The person who sells, etc. v. t. To sell by auction. — Auriferous, aw-rif Sr-us, a. Yielding or producing
Audacious, aw-da'shus, a. Contemning restraints of gold.
law, religion, or decorum bold in wickedness. ; Aurochs, aw'roks, n. (Zobl.) The Bos urns, or bison,
Auda'ciousness, -dacity, -das'I-tY, n. Daring spirit of Poland.
or confidence; venturcsomeness: presumptuous im- Aurora, aw-ro'ra, n. The dawn of day; redness of
pudence; hardihood; boldness; effrontery; contempt the sky before sunrise; a species of crowfoot. Au- —
of law or moral restraint. ro'ra borea'lis. A
luminous meteoric phenomenon,
Audible, aw'dt-bl, a. Capable of being heard. Au- — supposed to be of electrical origin; northern lights.
dibil'ity, Au'dibleness, n. Quality of being, etc. — A. austra'lis. Southern lights.
— Au'dibly, adv.— Au'dience, n. Act of hearing; ad- Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun, n. Act of listening.
mittance to a hearing an assembly of hearers. ;
— (Med.) A
method of distinguishing diseases,'' esp.
Au'dit, n. An examination, esp. of accounts, with in the thorax, by observing sounds, esp. by means
the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper offi- of the stethoscope._
cers. v. t. —
To examine and adjust, as' accounts. — Auspicate, aw'spl-kat, v. 1. To give a favorable turn to
Au'ditor, -er, n. A hearer or listener one author- in commencing. —
Au'spice, -spis, n. : pi. Au' spices,
ized to adjust accounts. Au'ditorship, n. Office of,— ;

-spi-sez. Omen; augury; protection extended; fa-

etc. —
Au'ditory, a. Pert, to the sense of hearing. vor shown; patronage.— Auspicial.-spish'al, a. Pert,
— n. An assembly of hearers audience. Au'dit- ; — to auspices. —
Auspicious, -spish'us, a. Having
ress, n. A female hearer. Audito'rium, n. The — omens of success or favorable appearances; lucky;
part of a theater, etc., occupied by the audience. propitious. —
Auspi'ciously, adv.
Augean, aw-je'an, a. Pert, Austere, aw-ster', a. Sour with astringency; severe
to Augeus or his stable, in modes of judgment, living, or acting; rigid; harsh;
containing 3,000 oxen and rough stern.
;

uncleaned for 30 years ; Authentic, aw-thcn'tik, -tical. a. Of approved au-

filthy. thority to be relied on true
; ; ; certain genuine.—
;

Auger, aw'ger, n. A car- Authenticate. >\ t. To establish by proof; to render

penter's boring tool; an in- authentic; to prove to be genuine. Authen'tica'-
strument for perforating tion. n. — Authenticity, -tis'l-tT, n. Quality of be-
soils or rocks. ing, etc.
Aught, awt,ra. A whit; any- Author, aw'ther, n. The beginner, former, or first
thing any part. ; mover of anything the creator one who writes a ;

—
;

Augment, awg-menf, v. 1. book.— Au'thoress. ». A female author. Author-

To enlarge or increase; to ship, n. State of being, etc.— Authoritative, -thBr'T-
make bigger, — v. ?. To ta-tiv, a. Having authority, or an air of authority
grow larger. —Aug 'ment, positive. —
Author 'itatively, adv. Authority, n. —
;

n. Enlargement by addi- Legal or rightful power dominion persons exer-

—Augmen-
;

—
;

tion ; increase. cising command chiefly in the pi.; influence of

tation, n. Act of, etc.; Auger, character, office, station, etc.; testimony; witness:
state of being, etc.; thing added. — Augmenfative, the person who testifies; a precedent, decision of a
-tiv, a. Having the quality of, etc' court, official declaration a book, containing pre-
—
;

Augur, aw'ger, n. (Ro:n. Antiq.) One who foretold cedents, etc. the name of its author. Au / thoriza /'-
—
;

future events by the actions of birds, or by other tion, n. Establishment by authority. Au'thorizs,
signs. One who pretends to foretell future events v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To clo'the with author-
by omens; a soothsayer. — v. i. [augured (-gerd), ity, empower, legalize: to establish by *
authority; to
auguring (-ger-ing)'.] To conjecture by signs or give authority, credit, or support to.
omens; to prognosticate. v. t. To predict or fore- Autobiography, aw'to-bi-og'ra-fl, n. memoir of a A
tell;to betoken.— Au'gury, n. Foretelling of events, person written by himself.
etc. an omen prediction.
; : Autochthon, aw-tok'thon, n. One sprung from the
August, aw-gust', n. same soil he inhabits; an aboriginal or native; that
Creating extraordi- which is original to a country.
nary respect and vene- Autocrat, aw'to-krat, n. An absolute sovereign a ;

ration grand ; impos- ; title of emperors of Russia: one invested with inde-
ing majestic.
; pendent power and unaccountable for his actions.
Au'gust, aw'gust, n. Auto-da-fe, aw-to-da-fa, n. ; pi. Autos-da-fe. -toz-.
The eighth month of Punishment of a heretic bv burning, in conformity
the year. with a judgment of the Inquisition; the sentence
Augustine, aw-gusfin, then read.
Augustin'ian, n. Autograph, aw'to-graf, n. One's own handwriting;
(Eccl. Hist.) A monk an original manuscript.
of an order named Automath, aw'to-math, n. self-taught person. A
from St. Augustine ; Automaton, aw-tonr'a-ton,?!.,- pi. -atons; L.pl. -ATA,
Austin friar; White -ta. A machine moved by interior machinery which
friar. Au'gustin''- — imitates actions of men 6r animals; any self-moving
ian, n. One who fol- machine. —
Automatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or per-
lows St. Augustine in formed by, an automaton; self-acting; esp. applied
maintaining that grace to machinery, in which movements commonly made
is effectual from its by hand are "made by the machine itself; not depend-
nature, absolutely and ing on the will; acting involuntarily.
morally, not relatively Autonomy, aw-ton'o-ml, n. Power or right of self-
government; man's power, as possessed of reason, to
Auk? aw kfSf ' A sea-
Great Auk ^ Alca imp^nis.)
-
give law to himself.
bird of the Alca family, including the penguin and Autopsy, aw'top-sT, n. Pevsoinl observation or ex-
puffin. amination. (Med.) Post-mortem examination.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone,
 AUTOTYPE 27 AZURE
Autotype, aw'to-tip, n. A photograph made by bling sleep ; to put intoaction. —v. i. To cease to
totypy. —
Autotypy, -totfi-pt or -to-ti'pY, n.' sleep, etc. — a. Not sleeping wakeful. Awaken,
; —
photographic method of making transcripts of pic- awak'n, v. t. and *. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To
tures, Dy potassium bichromate as a chemical agent. awake.
Autumn, aw'tura, n. The third season of the year; Award, a-wawrd',u. t. To give by judicial determina-
the season between summer and winter; fall. tion; to assign by sentence; to adjudge. v. i. To —
Auxiliar, awg-zil'yar, -iliary, -zil'ya-rT, a. Helping; as- determine; to make an award. — n. A judgment,
sisting; subsidiary. —
Auxiliary, n. helper; assis- A sentence, or final decision esp. decision of arbitra-
;

tant; in pi., foreign troops in the service of a nation tors ; paper containing such decision.
at war. {Oram.) A verb helping to form the moods Aware, a-war', a. Watchful vigilant ; hence, ap- ;

and tenses of other verbs. {Math.) quantity in- A prised; cognizant.

troduced to facilitate some operation. Awash, a-wosh r a. Washed by the waves or tide.
,

Avail, a-val', v. t. [availed (-vald'), availing.] To Away, a-wa', adv. Absent; at a distance; continu-
profit; to assist; to promote. v. i. To —
be of use; ously; without intermission. inter;'. Begone. —
to answer the purpose.— n. Advantage; benefit; Awe, aw, n. Profound fear with admiration or rever-
— pi., profits or proceeds. —
Available, a. Capable ence; dread; veneration. —
v.t. [awed (awd), aw-
of being used to advantage; profitable; able to ef- ing.] To strike with, etc. —
Awlul, a. Striking, or
fect the object; valid. filling with, etc. Aw'fully, adv. — Awlulness, n. —
Avalanche, av-a-lansh', n. A
snow-slip; a mass of — Awe'struck, a. Impressed with awe.
snow, ice, or earth sliding_ down a mountain. Aweather, a-wetb/er, adv. (Naut.) On the weather
Avant-courier, a-voN'koo-rer, n. One sent in advance side, or toward the wind; opp. to alee.
to give notice of another's approach. Aweigh, a-wa', adv. (Naut.) Drawn out of the ground,
Avarice, av'a-ris, n. Excessive love of money or gain; and hanging; atrip, said of the anchor. —
cupidity; greediness; covetousness. Avari'cious, — Awhile, a-hwiK, adv. A space of time for some ;

-rish'us, a. Actuated by avarice parsimonious ; time; for a short time.

miserly niggardly.
; Awkward, awk'werd, a. Wanting dexterity with- ;

Avenge, a-venj', v. t. [avenged (-venjd''), aven- out skill; bungling; ungraceful; clumsy; uncouth.
ging.] To vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the Awl, awl, n. A pointed instrument for making small
wrong-doer; to revenge. Aven^ger, n. — holes.
Avenue, av'e-nu, n. An entrance; way; passage; an Awn, awn, n. The bristle or beard of barley, oats,
alley or walk, usually shaded by trees; a wide street. grasses, etc.
Aver, a-ver', v. t. [averred (a-verd'), averring.] Awning, awning, n. A covering from sun, rain, etc.
To declare positively to asseverate, affirm, protest,
; Awoke'. See Awake.
avouch. Awry, a-ri', a. or adv. Turned or twisted toward one
Average, av'er-ej, a. Medial containing a mean side asquint.
proportion; according to the laws of average. n.
;

— ;

Ax, Axe, aks, n. An instrument for hewing timber,

A contribution to a general loss; a mean proportion; chopping wood, etc.
medial quantity; a medial estimate or general state- Axial. See Axis.
ment from a comparison of specific cases duty Axil, aksll, Axilla, -ilia, n. The armpit.
payable to shipmasters on goods. v.t. [aver- — ;

Axiom, aks'Y-um, n. A
self-evident and necessary
aged (-ejd), -aging.] To reduce to a mean; to pro- truth or proposition; an established principle; max-
portion. —
v. i. To be or form a medial sum or im; aphorism; adage.
quantity. Axis, aksls, n. ; pi. Axes, aks'ez. The straight line
Avert, a-vert r v. t. To turn or cause to turn off, on which a body revolves. (Anat.) The second
aside, or away.
,

v. i. —
To turn away. Aversion, — vertebra of the neck; a tooth-like process, on its up-
-ver'shun, n. Opposition or repugnance dislike ; ; per surface, serving as a pivot on which the first
contrariety of nature; cause of repugnance; disgust; vertebra turns. (Bot.) The central ma^K
antipathy. part or column of a plant, around
Aviary, a'vY-a-r'i, n. An inclosure for keeping birds. which the other parts are disposed.
— A'vicuFture, -chur, n. Care of birds. A central or medial line between cor-
Avidity, a-vid'T-tT, n.' An intense desire; strong ap- responding parts. Axle, aksl, n. —
petite eagerness.
;
A shaft, rod, bar, or spindle forming
—
Avocation, av-o-ka'shun, n. Act of calling aside, or the axis of a pulley, drum, or wheel.
diverting; the business that calls off. [Improperly Ax'letree, n. A
transverse bar con-
used for vocation.'] necting the opposite wheels of a car- -r, A
D AXle
,
-

Avoid, a-void', v.t. To keep at a distance from to riage. '

make void to annul or vacate to shun. (Plead-

;

Ay, Aye, aT, adv. Yes; yea; — a word expressing assent.

;

ing.) To defeat or evade, as a pica. v. i. (Law.)

;

— — n._ An affirmative vote; a voter in the affirmative.

To become void, vacant, or empty. Avoidless, a. — Aye, a. adv. Always ; continually.
Unavoidable. Aye-aye, ai'aY, n. (Zo'dl.) A nocturnal quadruped
Avoirdupois, av'er-du-poiz', n. or a. A weight in which found in Mada-
a pound contains 16 ounces, or 7,000 Troy grains. fascar, o called s
Avouch, a-vowch', v. t. [avouched C-vowcht'), A- rom its cry.
VOUCHING.] To declare positively, maintain, sup- Azalea, a-zale-a, n.
port. A genus of flower-
Avow, a-vow', v. t. [avowed (-vowd'), avowing.] ing plants.
To declare openly; to own; to acknowledge; to con- Azoic, a-zolk, a.
fess. (Laio.) To acknowledge and justify, as an Destitute of ani-
act done. —
Avow'al, n. An open or frank decla- mal life. — Azote,
ration. —
Avow'edly, adv. Openly. Avowee', n. — a-zot', n. (Chem.)
An advowee one who has the right to present to A gas unfit for.,^
a benefice. — ;

Avow'er, n. One who avows. Avowt- — respiration; nitro-^Mi

ry, -rt, n. (Law.) Act of a distrainer of goods, who, gen. — Az'otize, *|
in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the -tlz, v. t. [azo- ^;"
taking in his own right. tized (-tizd), AZO-
Avulsion, a-vul'shun, n. A
tearing asunder; a frag- tizing.] To im- -^
.^ass^.
ment torn off. (Law.) Sudden removal of land pregnate with, \WM£/cfi$xPrMw
from one man's estate to another's by an inundation, etc. ; to nitrogen-
cm-rent, etc.
Avuncular, a-vun'ku-lar, a. Of or pert, to an uncle. Azu're, azh'gr or Aye-Aye.
Await, a-waf, v. t. To wait or look out for ; to ex- a'zher, a. Of a sky-blue; cerulean. n. The blue
pect; to be ready for. color of the sky the blue vault above. (Her.) Blue,
Awake, a-wak', v. t. [awoke, awaked (-wakf),
;

represented in engraving by horizontal lines. —

awaking.] To arouse from sleep, or a state resem- Az'urite, -it, n. Blue carbonate of copper.

siin, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 28 BAGATELLE

B.
B, be. The 2d letter in the English alphabet ; a Vocal a better to a worse state in a reverse manner or ;

labial consonant, the correlative of p. It is etymo- direction contrarily. ; Back ' ward, a. Unwilling; —
logically convertible with>», p, f, v, and w. (Mus.) averse ; dull of apprehension late or behindhand.
The nominal of the 7th tone in the model major — Back'bite, -bit, v. t. To speak evil of in the ab-
;

scale (scale of C major), or of the 2d tone in its rela- sence of the person traduced. v. i. To revile the —
tive minor scale (scale of A minor).— B flat (Bb.) absent. —
Back'biter, n. Back'bone, -bon, ». The —
The tone or half step, or semitone lower than B. spine ; firmness spirit grit. door, -d6r, n.
; A
—
;

Baa, ba, n. The cry of sheep. v. i. To cry or bleat, etc. door at the back of a building or chamber a pri-
Babble, bab'bl, v. i. [babbled (bab'bld), -bling.]
To utter words imperfectly or unintelligibly ; to
vate passage indirect way. ; ground, n. Ground
in the rear a place of obscurity or shade. (Art.)
;
— ;

prate to chatter; to make a constant murmuring The part of a picture behind, and subordinate to,
;

noise, as a stream running over rocks. v. t. To — the foreground. handed, a. With the hand
— turned backward; indirect oblique, —adv. With
prate; to utter.
meaning words.
n. Idle talk
—
senseless prate; un-
Bab'bler, n. An idle talker ; a
;

the hand, etc. house,//.

main building a privy.
—
A building behind a
A Targe stick., —
;

tell-tale.
Babe, bab, Baby, ba'bY, n. An infant; a doll. a.
—
— forming the back of a fire.
n. Armor covering the back.
log, n. ;

piece, -pes, -plate, -plat,

side, n. Hinder
— —
Pert, to, or resembling, an infant.

hood, -hdod, n. State of being, etc.

v. t. [babied
(ba'bid), babying.] To treat like a child.— Ba'by-
Ba'byish, a. —
part of anything the rear.
The first
sight, -sit, n. (Surv.)
reading of the leveling
; — — staff. slide, -slid'
Like, etc. childish.
; v. i. [backslid (-slid), p. p. -slid'den, -slid ;
Babel, ba'bel, n. A confused combination of sounds; -sliding (-slid'ing).] To fall back or off to apos-
disorder.
A title of among
tatize. — Anslid'er, n. One who, etc. a renegade. — ;
;

Baboo, Babu, ba/boo,

Hindoos.
n.

A
respect the -staff, n.
heavenly bodies. —
instrument for taking the altitude of
stairs, -starz, n. pi. Staire at
the back of the house; a private or indirect way.—
Baboon, bab-oon'", n.
species of
Baccalaureate,
monkey.
bak-ka-law'-
large
-stair, a. Indirect; illegitimate; undue.
-staz, n. pi. (JYaut.) Ropes from the top-mast
— stays,

The degree of bach- heads to both sides of a ship, to support the mast. —
re-at, n.
elor of
etc.
arts. — a. Pert, to, -stream, n. A current flowing up-stream.
-sord, n. A sword with one sharp edge.
sword,
-water,
—
—
Baccara, Baccarat, bak-ka- -waw-ter, n. Water held back, as in a stream, by
A French game of some obstruction: water thrown back by the turn-
ra/', n.
cards.
Bacchanal, bak'ka-nal, -na-
ing of a water-wheel, etc. woods, -wdodz, n. pi.
Forests or partly cleared ground on the frontiers of
—
lian, -nall-an, n. A devotee
of Bacchus one prone to
a newly settled country.
habitant of, etc.
—woods'man, n. An in-
— a.
;

drunken revels. Pert, Backgammon, bak-gam'mon, n. A game played by

to reveling in intemperate two persons, upon a tray, with checkers and dice. —
drinking.— Bac'chanals, v. t. To defeat one's opponent, before he has moved
-nalz, -nalia, -na'lT-a, n. pi. his counters from the first quarter of the board.
Feasts in honor of Bacchus; Bacon, ba'kn, n. Hog's flesh salted or pickled and
drunken revels. —Bacchant, smoked.
-kanf, n.; L.pl. Bacchan- Bad, bad, a. \comp. worse (wers), superl. worst,
tes, -kan'tez. priest of A (werst).] Wanting good qualities evil vicious.
Bacchus; a bacchanal a rev- — Bad'ly, adv. Bad'ness, n. — ; ;

eler. — Bacchante,
;

-kant',
J^Doon.
Bad, Bade. See Bid.
n. A priestess of Bacchus a female bacchanal.— ; Badge, baj, n. A distinctive mark worn on the person.
Bac'chic, -kik, -chical, a. Pert, to, etc.; jovial with Badger, baj'er, n. A burrowing quadruped akin to
intoxication drunken. the bear. (E. Law.) A person licensed to buy and
—
;

Bachelor, bach'e-ler, n. A
man who has not married; sell corn. v. t. [badgered (baj'erd), -ering.)
one who has taken the first degree at a college or To follow up, as the badger is hunted to pester or ;

university; a young knight. worry.

Back, bak, n. The upper or hinder part of an animal; Badinage, bad-e-nazh', n. Light or playful discourse.
part opp. to the front; the rear; outward or upward [baffled (-fid), -fling.] To treat
Baffle, baf'fl, v. t.
part of a thing, as opp. to the inner or lower part; with mockery; to check by shifts and turns to
part opp. or most remote; part out of sight, a. In — balk to frustrate, elude, foil.
;

the rear remote.

;
—
adv. To the place whence one Bag, n.
;

A
sack or pouch, to hold or convey anything.
came; to or toward a former state, condition, etc.; — v. t. [bagged (bagd), bagging.] To put into a
away from the front again in return. ; v. t. ;
— bag; to seize or entrap. v. i. To swell like a —
[backed (bakt), backing/) To get upon the back full bag.— Bag'ging, n. Cloth or materials for bags.
of; to support or strengthen by aid; to force back- — B a g ' g y -gl, a. ,

ward; to furnish with a back. v. i. To move or Bulged out, like a bag.

go back.— To back out, orb. down. To withdraw from — Bag'man, n. One
an engagement. —
To b. round, said of the wind who carries a bag a
when it shifts against the sun's course, indicating commercial traveler.
;

—
more bad weather. —
To b. an anchor. (Naut.) To -pipe, n. A Scottish
lav down a small anchor ahead of a large one, to musical instrument,
which it is fastened. —
To b. astern. In rowing, to consisting of a leathern
manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual bag, and of pipes, into
method. ,— To b. the oars, or back water. To row which air is pressed
backward. —
To b. the sails. To arrange them so as by the performer.
to take out the wind, and cause the ship to move Bagatelle, bag'a-tel, n. A
astern. —
To b. up. To support or sustain. Back'- — trifle thing of no im-
;

er, n. One who. or that which, backs or supports portance; a game

another. —
Back' ward, -wards, adv. With the back played with balls on a
in advance toward the back on the back, or with
; ; board having holes at Bagpipe.
the back downward toward or in past time ; from ; one end.
am,- fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Cud, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 BAGGAGE 29 BANK
Baggage, bag'ej, n. The tents, clothing, utensils, etc., broken stone, etc., solidifying the bed of a railroad.
of an army; trunks, bags, etc., for travelers; lug- v. t. To furnish with, etc. —
gage. A strumpet a playful, saucy young woman. Balloon, bal-loonl n. A bag, of silk or other light
;

Bagnio, ban'yo, n. A bath-house a brothel. ; material, filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so
Ban, ba, inierj. An exclamation of disgust or con- as to rise and float in 'the atmosphere. {Arch.) A
tempt; pah. ball or globe on the top of a pillar. ( Chem.) A
Bail, bal, v. t. [bailed (bald), bailing.] {Law.) To spherical glass receiver.
set free from arrest, security being given for the ap- Ballot, ballot, n. Orig., a ball used in voting; a writ-
pearance of the person bailed to deliver, upon a ; ten or printed vote; act of voting by balls or tickets;
contract that the trust shall be executed. To free amount of votes cast. —v. i. To vote or decide by
—
from water. n. {Law.) One who procures a pris- ballot.
oner's release by becoming surety for his appear- Balm, bam, n. An aromatic plant resinous sap of ;

ance in court; the security given. The handle of a certain trees; a fragrant ointment; anything which
kettle, etc. —
Bailee, bal-e', n. {Law.) One to whom heals, or soothes or mitigates pain. v. t. To anoint —
goods are committed in trust. —
BaiKer, -or, -er, n. with balm to assuage.— Balsam, bawl'sam, n. An ;

{Law.) One who delivers goods to another in trust. aromatic resinous substance, containing an essen-
— Bair iff, n A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make tial or volatile oil. {Bot.) A species of tree an
arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc. Baili- —
annual garden plant; balsamine. {Med.) A mix-
;

wick, n. {Law.) The precincts in which a bailiff ture of natural balsams and other articles.
has jurisdiction. Balmoral, bal-mor'al, n. A thick woolen petticoat; a
Bait, bat, n. Thing used to catch fish, etc.; a lure; kind of shoe.
enticement temptation
; refreshment taken on a Baluster, ballis-ter, n. {Arch.) A small column or
—
;

journey. v. t. To put on or in, as on a hook, trap, pilaster, supporting the rail of a staircase, etc.; the
etc., to allure game; to feed upon the road; to pro- lateral part of the volute of the Ionic capital. [Im-
voke and harass. —
v. i. To stop for refreshment on properly called ban'nister.] BaKustrade, -trad, n. —
a journey. A row of balusters, joined by a rail.
Baize, baz, n. A coarse woolen stuff, with long nap. Bamboo, bam-bool n. A kind of reed.
Bake, bak, v. t. [baked (bakt), baking.] To heat, Bamboozle, bam-bob'zl, v. t. To play tricks upon.
dry, and harden; esp. to prepare for food, in a close Ban, ban, n. A public proclamation or edict inter- ;

place heated. —
v. i. To do the work of baking; to diction curse, {pi) Public notice of a marriage
be baked. —
Ba'ker. n. One who bakes bread, bis- proposed. v. t. To curse; to execrate.
;

—
cuit, etc. a portable tin oven. —Baker's dozen. Banana, ba-na'na, n. A species of the plantain tree,
—
; .

Thirteen in number. Ba'kery, -er-T, n. A place and its fruit.

for baking bakehouse.
;
—
Ba'king, n. Quantity Band, band, n. That with which a thing is bound or
baked at once. fastened. {Arch.) A flat, low molding; a continu-
Balance, bal'ans, n. An apparatus for weighing bod- ous tablet or series of ornaments the molding :

ies; what is needed to equalize two quantities; act which encircles Gothic pillars and small shafts. See
of comparing or weighing; an equipoise or just pro- Molding. Means of union between persons a ;

portion; a regulating wheel in a watch. (Astron.) linen neck ornament worn by clergymen; a com-
A sign in the zodiac, called Libra. [Improperly pany united in design, esp. a body of armed men, or
used for remainder.] —
v. t. [balanced (-anst), of musicians. v.t. To bind, tie, or mark with a —
-ancing.J To bring to an equipoise; to weigh in a band; to unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.
balance to render equal to compare in relative —
v.i. To confederate.— Band'age, -ej, n. fillet A
—
; ;

force, value, etc.; to settle and adjust, as an account. or swathe, for binding up wounds, etc. v. t. [band-
{Dancing.') To move toward, and then back from, aged (-ejd), -aging.] To bind with, etc. Bandeau, —
reciprocally. —
v. i. To be in equipoise to hesitate. ban'do, n. ; pi.
; -deaux, -doz. A narrow band or
{Dancing.) To move toward, etc. fillet a head-dress. ;

Balcony, barko-ni, n. gallery on the outside of a Bandana, -danna, ban-dan'na, n. A kind of silk or
A
buildingig. cotton handkerchief.
Bald, bawld, a. Destitute of natural covering, as of Bandit, ban'dit, n. ; pi. -dits or -ditti, -ditlT. A
hair, feathers, foliage, etc.; destitute of ornament; lawless fellow brigand outlaw. ; ;

unadorned. Bandoline, ban'do-lin, n. A gummy preparation for

Balderdash, bawl'der-dash, n. A worthless mixture, holding the hair in place.
esp. badly mixed liquor; a senseless jargon of words; Bandy, ban'dt, n. A hooked club for striking a ball;
ribaldry. the game played with it. v. t. [bandied (ban'- —
Baldric, bawKdrik, n. A
warrior's girdle. did), bandying.] To beat to and fro, as a ball; to
Bale, bal, n. A
bundle of goods corded for transporta- give and receive reciprocally to exchange, toss ;

tion.—);, t. [baled (bald), baling.] To make up about,_ agitate. —

Ban'dy-leg, «. A crooked leg.
in a bale. Bane, ban, n. A
deadly poison a cause of injury.
;

Bale, bal, n. Misery; calamity; sorrow. Bang, bang, v. t. [banged (bangd), banging.] To
Bale, v. t. To free from water. See Bail. beat; to handle roughly. n. A blow. —
Baleen, ba-len r , n. Horny plates in the whale's ,

Bang, Bangue, bang, n. A narcotic and intoxicating

mouth whalebone in plates.
; drug made from Indian wild hemp.
Balk, bawk, n. An un plowed ridge or strip; a great Bangle, ban'gl, n. An ornamental ring worn upon
beam or rafter a hindrance ; disappointment.
; — j

the arm, also upon the ankles in India and Africa.

Banian, Banyan, ban'yan or ban-yan', n. A Hindoo
J

v. t. [balked (bawkt), balking.] To leave un-

touched in plowing; to disappoint, frustrate. v.i. — merchant; a morning gown;
To stop abruptly in one's course. the Indian fig tree, whose
Ball, bawl, n. Any round body; any round or protu- branches drop shoots which
berant part of the body; a familiar take root and form new
game. — v. i. [balled (bawld), stems.
balling.] To form, as snow, into Banish, banish, ?•. i. [ban-
balls, as on the feet. —Ball and socket ished (-isht), -ishing.J To
joint. A joint in which a ball moves condemn to exile to drive ;

within a socket, giving motion in away expel.— Banish-

;

every direction. —
BalK-cartridge, ment, n. Act of, or state of
-kart-rij, n. A cartridge containing being, etc.
a bullet. Banister. See under Balus-
Ball, bawl, n. A social assembly for ter.
Banian tree.
dancing.— Ballad, ballad, n. A pop- Banjo, ban'jo, n. A stringed
ular song in simple verses. Ballet, — B all a n .d
instrument, resembling the guitar and tamborine.
balla, n. A
theatrical exhibition .
socket 3 0lnt
Bank, bank, n. A ridge of earth; steep acclivity: a
with music, dancing, etc.
-
flat; a shoal; a bench of rowers in a galley. {Com.)
Ballast, bal'last, n. {Naut.) Any heavy substance Money deposited by a number of persons for a par-
placed in the hold of a vessel, to steady it. Gravel, ticular use place'for depositing money; a corn-
;

cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bo,yboN, chair, get.
 BANKRUPT 30 BAROUCHE
pany concerned in a bank. — v. t. [banked (bankt), Barb, barb, A
horse of the breed originating in
re.

banking.] To raise a mound or dike about; to in- Barbary; a pigeon, ori»;. fr. Barbary.
close or fortify with a bank; to cover, as a fire, with Barbacan, -bican, bar-'bi-kan, /;. '(Fort.) An ad-
ashes, etc. v. i. —
To deposit money in a bank; to vanced work defending the entrance to a castle or
carry on banking. —
Bank'er, n. One who keeps a city. An opening in the wall of a fortress for guns.
bank, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of Barbarian, bar-ba'rT-an, re. A man in his rude, unciv-
exchange, etc. —
Banking, n. Business of a banker. ilized state; a cruel, savage, brutal man. a. Pert, —
— Bank '-bill, re. In Amer., a promissory note of to, or resembling savages rude. Bar'barism, -ba-
;
—
a bank payable to bearer on demand; a bank note. rizm, n. An uncivilized state or condition; speech
In Eng., a note or bill of exchange, of a bank, pay- contrary to the idioms of a language. —
able to order.
accounts.
—
book, re. Book for recording bank
note, n. A promissory note issued by cruelty. —
Barbarity,
-bar'i-ti, re. Manners of a barbarian; savageness;
Bar'barize, -riz, v. i. To become barba-
a bank, payable to bearer on demand, intended to rous; to use a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.
circulate as money. — v. t. To make barbarous. Bar'barous, -rus, a. —
Bankrupt, bankrupt, n. A trader who breaks or Uncivilized cruel contrary to the idioms of a lan-
—
; ;

fails; one unable to pay his debts. a. Unable to guage.— Bar'barously, adv. Bar'barousness, re. —
—
pay debts; insolvent, v. t. To break in trade; to Barbecue, bar'be-ku, re. A
hog, ox, etc., roasted
make insolvent. — Bankruptcy, -si, re. State of be- whole; an open-air entertainment at which animals
ing, or act of becoming, etc. are roasted whole, —v. f. [barbecued (-kud), -cu-
Banner, ban'ner, re. A military ensign; standard of ing.] To dress and roast whole.
a prince or state; pennon. Barberry, bar'ber-rl, Berberry, ber'ber-ri, re. (Bot.)
Banns, banz, n.yl. Notice given in church of an in- A hedge plant, bearing berries used for preserves.
tended marriage. [See Ban.] Bard, bard, n. A
Celtic minstrel; a poet.
Banquet, bank' wet, re. A feast; entertainment. v. t. — Bare, bar, a. Without covering naked with the
To treat with, etc. — v. i. To regale one's self, feast. head uncovered destitute empty mere; simple.
; ;

Bantam, ban'tam, re. A small variety of fowl, prob. — v. t.

;

[bared (bard), baring] To strip off the

; ;

fr. Bantam, in Java. covering of to make naked.

; Eare'ly, -IT, adv. —
Banter, ban'ter, v. t. [bantered (-terd), -teeing.] To Only: nearly; nakedly.
play upon in words and in good humor to rally, ; Bare. The old preterit of bear; now bore. See Bear.
ridicule, deride. —
re. Humorous railery, pleasantry. Barege, ba-razh', re. A
thin dress stuff, of worsted or
Bantingism, ban'ting-izm, re. The reducing of corpu- silk and worsted.
lence by diet. Bargain, bar^gen, re. An agreement concerning the
Bantling, bant'ling, re. A
small child an infant. ; sale of property any agreement or stipulation a
—
; ;

Banyan. See Banian. gainful transaction contract purchase.

; v. t. ;

Baobab, ba'o-bab, re. The largest known tree in the [bargained (-gend), -gaining.] To transfer for a
world, a native of trop- consideration, v. i. —
To make a contract; to agree.
ical Africa. Barge, barj, re. A
pleasure boat; a large boat for pas-
Baptism, bapfizm, re. sengers or goods.
Act of baptizing; the Barium, ba'rl-um, re. The metallic basis of baryta.
application of water, as Bark, bark, re. The exterior covering of a tree; the
an initiation into the rind. — v. t. [barked (biirkt), barking.] To strip
visible church of the bark from; to peel; to cover or inclose with
Christ. —
Bap'tist, re. bark.
One who administers, Bark, bark, re. The noise made b}- a dog. v. i. To —
etc.; esp. John, the fore- make the noise of dogs; to clamor.
runner of Christ. As a Baobab. Bark, Barque, bark, n. (Xaut.) three-masted ves- A
c o n t r. of Anabaptist, having fore and
sel,
one who rejects infant baptism, and considers im- main masts rigged
mersion essential.— Bap'tistery, -ter-T, n. place A — as a ship, and the
where, etc. —
Baptist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. mizzen as a schoon-
Baptize, -tiz', v. i. [baptized (-tizd'), -tizing.J To er ; any small ves-
administer baptism to; to christen. Bapti'zer, n. — sel. — Bark'entine,
Bar, bar, re. A
long piece of wood, metal, etc., esp. -ten, re. A three-
as used for obstruction; any obstacle which hinders masted vessel, with
or defends; a barrier; a bank at the mouth of a riv- foremast rigged
er or harbor. {Law.) The railing about the place for likea ship, main
counsel in courts of justice; the place in court for and mizzen masts
prisoners; the legal profession: a special plea con- like a schooner.
stituting a sufficient answer to the plaintiff's action. Barley, bar'li, re. A
Any tribunal; the counter of a tavern, etc., over grain, of the grass Bark,
which liquors are sold. {Her.) horizontal mark A family, used for making malt.
across the escutcheon. Aro„ = ,„.„ *{»„*,„* Barm, barm, re. Foam
rising upon fermenting malt
(Mus.) Aline drawn per- liquors, used as leaven in bread. — Earm'y, -T, a.
Containing barm or yeast.
pendicularly across the
staff. — v.
(bard), barring.]
t.

fasten with a bar to „

hinder; prevent to ex- Bar
[barred

;
;
To
Bar Double Bar
'
"
1 '
Barn, barn, re.

also for stabling cattle

A building for storing grain, hay,
Barnacle, bar'na-kl, n. A shell-fish.—
goose found in the northern seas.
and horses.
species of
pi. (Far.) An
A
—
etc.;

cept to cross with stripes or lines.

; Barrage, bar /'- — instrument to put upon a horse's nose, to confine
rej, re. A
mound or dyke, to raise the waters of a him. A pair of spectacles.
river. —
Barricade, bar'/ ri-kad /', re. (Mil.) defen- A Barometer, ba-rom , e-ter, n. An instrument for de-
sive fortification to check an enemy any bar, ob- termining the weight of the atmosphere, changes of
struction, or means of defense. v. t. To fortify — ;

weather, or height of an ascent. Baromet'ric, —

with any slight work. —
Bar 'rier, -rl-er, re. (Fort.) -rical, a. Pert, to, or made by, etc.
A kind of fence, to stop an enemj-. A fortress on the Baron, bar'un, n. In Eng. the lowest title of nobility;
frontier of a country; any obstruction limit or one ranking between a viscount and baronet. (Law.)
boundary. —
Bar'rister, re. A counselor admitted to
;

A husband. ( Cooker;/.) A double sirloin. Bar'cn- —

plead at the bar. age, n. The whole body of barons or peers; the dig-
Barb, barb, re. Beard, or that which resembles it; the nity of, etc. the land which gives title to, etc.—
point that stands backward in an arrow, fish-hook, Bareness, re.
;

A
baron's wife or lady. Baro'nial, —
etc.; armor anciently worn by horses, set with iron a. Pert, to, etc. —
Bar'ony, re. The lordship, hon-
spikes. —
v. t. To furnish with barbs; to clothe, as a or, or fee of, etc. —
Bar'onet, n. A dignity next
horse, with armor.— Bar'ber, re. One who shaves the below a baron and above a knight.
beard, and cuts and dresses the hair, of others. — Barouche, ba-roosh'', n. A four-wheeled carriage, with
v. t. To shave and dress the hair of. a falling top.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end. eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 BARRACK 31 BATTLE
Barrack, bar'rak, n. {Mil.) A hut or house for soldiers, Basin, ba'sn, n. A hollow vessel, to hold water; any
esp. in garrison. hollow place containing water. (Geol.) forma- A
Barrator, bar'ra-ter, n. An encourager of litigation tion, where the strata dip inward toward the center.
a shipmaster who commits fraud in its management. (Physical Geog.) A
circular or oval valley; the
— Bar'ratrou3, -trus, a. (Law.) Tainted with, etc. trr.ct of country drained by a river.
— Bar'ratry, -tri, n. (Law.) Practice of encour- Bask, bask, v. i. [basked (baskt), basking.] To lie
aging law-suits. (Com.) A fraudulent breach of duty in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. v. t. To —
by a ship-master or mariners. warm with genial heat.
Barrel, bar'rel, n. A
round, bulgy vessel or cask; Easket, bas'ket, n. A
vessel made of twigs, rushes,
the quantity contained in it, —varying from 31i to etc., interwoven. —
Eas'ketful, n. The contents of,
36 gallons; any hollow cylinder. v. t. [barreled — etc.
(-reld), -reling.] To put or pack in, etc. Easque, bask, n. A
part of a lady's dress, resembling
Barren, bar , ren, a. Incapable of producing offspring; a jacket.
producing nothing; sterile; dull; empty. n. Ele- Bass, bas, n. sing. Scpl. A
food fish of several species.
vated lands, producing small trees, but not timber. The tiel tree, or its bark, used for mats, etc.
Barricade, Barrier, Barrister. See under Bar. Bass, Bassoon, Bass-relief. See under Base, a.
Barrow, bar'ro, n. hand-carriage. A
hog, esp. a A Bast, bast, n. Inner bark of the lime tree; matting,
male hog castrated. A mound raised over graves, cordage, etc., made of the bark.
esp. of those_ fallen in battle. Bastard, bas'terd, n. An illegitimate child; an infe-
Barter, bar'ter, v. i. [bartered (-terd.), -teeing.] rior quality of brown sugar; mold for draining su-
To traffic by exchanging one commodity for another.
— gar. —
a. Illegitimate spurious adulterate. Bas'-
; ; —
v. t. To exchange, or give in exchange.— n. Act of, tardy, -dT, n. State of being, etc.
practice of, etc.; thing given in exchange; dealing; Baste, bast, v. t. To beat to cudgel ; to sprinkle ;

traffic. flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat
Bartizan, bar'ti-zan', n. small overhanging tur- A in roasting.
ret, projecting from angles of towers, parapets, etc. Bastile, bas-teK, n. Orig., a wooden tower used in
Baryta, b'a-ri'ta, n. (Jfin.) The heaviest of the earths. warfare any tower or fortification esp. an old
; ;

Bary n, Ba'rmm, -ri--um, n. metal, the base A fortification m

Paris, used as -a state prison, but de-
of baryta molished in 1789. _
Barytone, Baritone, bar'T-ton, a. (Mus.) Grave and Bastinade, bas-tl-nad', -nado, -na'do, n. beating or A
deep. (Or. Gram.) Not marked with an accent cudgeling; esp. the Chinese and Turkish punish-
on the last syllable. —
n. (Mas.') A male voice be- ment of beating on the soles of the feet. v. t. To —
tween bass and tenor. (Greek Gram.) A word beat with a cudgel, esp. on the soles of the feet.
unmarked on the last syllable, the grave accent be- Eastion, basfyun.n. (Fort.) A projecting part of the
ing understood. main inclosure, consisting of faces and the flanks.
Basalt, ba-sawlf, n. (Min.) A rock of igneous origin, Bat, bat, n. A club, used in playing ball a sheet of ;

usually of a greenish-black color. A kind of black cotton prepared for filling quilts; a piece of a brick.
porcelain. —r. i. To manage a bat, or play with one.
Bas-bleu, ba-ble r or ba-bioo /', n. literary lady; a A Eat, n. A winged mammal hav- _r-A .

blue-stocking. ing a body like a mouse. j^^~ &

Batch, bach, n. The quantity <*s
ti
Base, has, a. Of humble birth and low degree; il-
legitimate by birth low in value or ; of bread baked at one time;
estimation morally low unworthy ;
; ; any business dispatched at
mean vile not refined deep or grave
; ; ; once; any quantity of things
in sound. (Law.) Not held by_ hon- •sdaas to have like qual-
"so united
'

orable service. —Base or Bass, bas, a. ities.

(Mus.) Deep or grave in sound. a. The — _
Bate, bat, v. t. To" lessen to
Bat.
;

lowest musical part the gravest male abate; to allow by way of deduction.
—
;

voice. Bassoon, bas-soon', n. (Mus.) Bat9au, bat-o r n.;hl. Bateaux, bat-oz'". Alight boat.
A wind instrument, resembling a flute,
,

Bath, bath, n. ; pi. Baths, bathz. place to bathe in; A

having a very low note. Bass-viol, — act of exposing the body to water or vapor. (Chem.)
bas'vi'ol, n. (Mus.) A stringed instru- A medium, as heated sand, through which heat is
ment for the bass part violoncello. ;
— applied to a body.— Bathe, bathe, v. t. [bathed
Bas-relief, ba-re-lef, Bass-relief, bas'- (bathd), bathing.] To wash by immersion; to mois-
re-lef, Bas'so-rilie'vo, -re-le-a'vo, n. ten with a liquid, v. i. —
To be, or lie, in a bath; to
Sculpture, whose figures do not stand immerse. ?;. —bath. A ^
out far from the ground on which they
— Bathos, ba'thos, n. (Rhet.) ludicrous descent A
are formed. Base'ment, n. (Arch.) from the elevated to the mean.
The lowest story of a building. Baton, ba-toN r Batoon, ba-toon r n.
, staff or trun-, A
Base, bas, n. The bottom; the part of a cheon.
thing on which it stands. {Arch.) The Batracnian, ba-tra^kf-an, a. Pert, to animals of the
part of a column between pedestal and frog tribe.
shaft the lower projecting part of a _
;
Battalion. See under Battle.
wall. (Chem.) The principal element Bassoon, Batten, bat'n, v. t. [battened (-tnd), -tentng.| -

of a compound. (Dyeing.) substance used as a A To fatten; to fertilize, as land. v. i. To trrow fat, —

mordant. (Mil.) A
protected tract of conntry, from live in luxury. n. —
A narrow piece of board, or
which an army conducts operations. (Surv.) A line scantling the movable bar of a loom.
; v. t. To —
from which to compute the distances and positions fasten with battens.
of outlying points. v. t. —
[based (bast), basing.] Batter, bat'ter, v. t. [battered (-terd), -tering.] To
To put on a base or basis; to found. Basis, ba'sis, — beat repeatedly and with violence esp. to attack
n. ; pi. Ba'ses, -sez. That on which a thing rests ; with artillery; to wear with beating or by use. n.
;

—
groundwork or first principle. (Cookery.) A mixture of several ingredients, beaten
Bashaw, ha-shaw', Pacha, Pasha, pa-shaw', n. A up with some liquid. Bat'terer, n. — Bat'tery, —
Turkish title of honor; a haughty, imperious per- -ter-f, n. Act of battering. (Mil.) Any place where
son. cannon are mounted; a body of cannon taken col-
Bashful, bash'ful, a. Having a down-cast look; very lectively. (Elec.) A
number of coated jars, con-
modest. —
Bash'fully, adv. Bash /'fulness, n. — nected, to be charged and discharged simultane-
Basement. See under Base. a. ously. (Galv.) An apparatus for generating galvanic
Basic, Basis, etc. See under Base. n. electricity. (Law.) Unlawful beating of another.
Basilic, ba-ziKik, Basilica, -zil'i-ka, n. king's pal- A Batting, bafting, n. Cotton or wool in sheets; bat.
ace; a large hall or court of justice; a church, chapel, Battle, bat'tl, n. A fight between enemies or oppos-
or cathedral. ing foices; combat; engagement. v. i. [battled —
Basilisk, baz'i-lisk, n. A
fabulous serpent, whose (bafld), battling.! To contend in fight. —Battal-
breath and look were thought to be fatal. (Nat. ion, -tal'yun, n. A
body of infantry, containing
Hist.) A genus of lizards. several companies, and less than a regiment.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 BATTLEDOOR 32 BEAUTY
Battledoor, bat'i. Jor, n. An instrument with a born, borntj; p. pr. &vb. n. bearing.] To support or
handle and flat board, used to strike a shuttle-cock. sustain, convey; to possess and use; to carry, wear;
Battlement, bat ,M -ment, n. (Arch.) An indented to entertain to endure, tolerate, suffer; to be an-
;

parapet, orig. „sed on swerable for; to carry on, or maintain to admit or ;

fortifications. be capable of to behave, ct to supply with to

—
; : ; ;

Battue, baftob, n. Act of bring forth, give birth to. v. i. To produce, be

beating woods, etc., for fruitful; to press; to take effect; to be situated,
game the game itself. with respect to something else; to relate or refer to.
;

Bauble, Bawble, baw'bl, n. — Bear'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. one who ;

A trifling piece of finery assists in carrying a body to the grave. (Com.) One
a gew-gaw. who holds a check, note, draft, etc., for the payment
Bawd, bawd, n. One who of money. —
Bear'ing, n. Manner in which one
keeps a brothel, and con- bears himself; deportment; situation of an object,
ducts criminal intrigues. with respect to another object; relation; influence;
— v. i. To procure women Battlement. tendency; act of giving birth. (Arch.) Span of a
for lewd purposes. beam, rafter, etc. (Her.) An emblem or charge in
Bawl, bawl, v. i. [bawled (bawld), bawling.] To an escutcheon. (Mach.) The part in contact with
cry with vehemence. —
v. t. To proc.aim by outcry. which a journal moves; part of a shaft or axle in
— n. _A loud, prolonged cry. contact with supports.
Bay, ba, a. Red or re' .dish, inclining to a chestnut Bear, bar, n. A quadruped of the genus Ursus; a brutal,
color^ roughly-behaved per-
Bay, ba, n. An inlet of the sea. (Arch.) division A son. (Stock Exchange.)
m the arrangement of a building an inclosed ;
One who contracts to
placem a barn, for hay. deliver, at some future
Bay, ba, The laurel tree pi., an honorary crown,
n. ;
time, stocks which he
anciently made of laurel branches. does not own, and
Bay, ba, n. Act of facing an antagonist when escape therefore seeks to pull
is impossible. — v. i. To bark, as a dog, at his game
"
down their value, —
—v. t. To bark at. opp. to a bull, who con-
Bayonet, ba'o-net, n. (Mil.) A dagger fitted upon the tracts to take stocks,
muzzle of a gun. — v. t. To stab with, or drive by, and seeks to raise their
etc. value. (Astron.) One
Bayou, Woo, n. The outlet of a lake; a channel for of two constellations Black Bear.
water. in the northern hemisphere, the Greater and Lesser
Bazaar, Bazar, ba-zar', n. In the East, a market-place, Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. i\ t. —
or assemblage of shops; a hall or suite of rooms for [beared (bard), bearing.] To depress the value
the sale of goods. of (stocks) to depreciate by alarming rumors.
;

Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as be- Beard, berd, n. The hair on the chin and adjacent
sprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often parts of the face the long hairs on a plant the
—
; ;

has the meaning to make, and transforms them into awn. v. t. To seize or pull by the beard to set at
verbs thus Bedim, Befool, mean to male dim,
: defiance. — Beard'ed, a. Beardless, o. — ;

to make a fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of Beast, best, n. A

four-footed animal a brute ; a de-
—
;

by, as beside. For words beginning with Be- not graded or brutal man. Beast'ly, -IT, Bestial, best'-
found in this vocabulary, see the original word thus, yal, a. Pert, to, having the form or nature of, or
for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc.
:

resembling, a beast filthy carnal depraved.

; ; ;
—
Be, v. i. and auxiliary, [imp. was p. p. been ; p. pr. Beastliness, n —
Bestiality, -yaKT-tt, n. Brutism;
and vb. n. being.] To exist logically, or actually;
; .

beastliness unnatural connection with a beast. —

—
;

to exist in some particular state or relation to pass Bes'tialize, v. t. To make bestial. Bes'tially, adv.
—
;

from one state to another; to become. Bering, n. Beat, bet, v.t. [beat; beat or beaten: beating.] To
Existence, state, condition; anything existing. strike repeatedly, pound, maul, drub to break or ;

Beach, bech, n. A
sandy or pebbly shore; strand.— form by beating; to scour or range over; to overcome
v. t. To run upon a beach. in contest, conquer, vanquish; to indicate by beat-
Beacon, be'kn, n. A
fire to signal an enemy's ap- ing a drum.— v. i. To strike repeatedly; to throb,
proach. (Naut.) A
signal or mark near the shore, pulsate; to come or act with violence; to be in agita-
or in shoal water, to guide mariners. That which tion or doubt. (Niiut.) To sail against the direc-
warns of danger. v. t. —
[beaconed (be'nd), tion of the wind. n. — A
stroke; blow; a recurring
-coning.] To give light to, as a beacon. stroke; pulsation. (Mns.) The rise or fall of the
Bead, bed, n. A
little ball, to be strung on a thread, hand or foot, in regulating time; a transient grace-
and worn for ornament, or for counting prayers, tone, struck immediately before the one it orna-
etc. any small globular body.
; v. t. To ornament — ments. A course frequently gone over; a place of
with beads. —
Bead'ing, n. (Arch.) molding in A habitual resort.— a. Weary; tired; fatigued.— Beam-
imitation of beads. —
Bead'-roll, -rol, n. (Rom. Cath. ing, n. Act of giving blows punishment by blows ; ;

Church.) A
list of those for whom prayers are to pulsation throbbing. (Naut.) Sailing against the
:

be counted o_ff on beads; a catalogue in general.— —

wind by tacks. Beaten, bet'n, p. a. Smoothed by
Beadsman, bedz'man, n. ; pi. Beadsmen. One em- beating; worn by use. —
Beat'er, n One who, etc. ;

ployed in praying, who drops a bead at each prayer. an instrument for pounding.
Beadle, be'dl, n. A
messenger or crier of a court; an Beatify, be-at'I-fi, v. t. [beatified (-fid), -fying,]
officer in a university, who precedes processions ; To pronounce or regard as happy. (Bom. Cath.
an inferior parish officer. Church.) To declare that one is received into heaven.
Beagle, be'gl, n. A
small hound, used in hunting — Beat'itude, -tud, n. Felicity of the highest kind;
hares._ pi. the declarations of blessedness made by our Sav-
2eak, bek, n. The bill or nib of a bird, turtle, etc.; ior in regard to particular virtues.
anything pointed or projecting like a beak. Beau, bo, n. ; pi. F. Beaux, E. Beaus, boz. man of A
Beaker, bek'er, n. A large drinking-cup or vessel. dress; a dandy; a fine, gay man; a lady's attendant
Beam, bem, n. Any large, long piece of timber; a or suitor. —Beau ideal, -i-de'al. conception of A
main timber of a building, ship, loom, plow, etc.; perfect or consummate beauty. [F., beautiful ideal.]
the part of a balance, from which the scales hang; — Beaumonde,-moNd /'. The fashionable world. [F.,
pole of a carriage; shank cf an anchor; a collection fine world.] —
Bel-esprit, behespre', ; pi. Beaux-
of parallel _rays from a luminous body. v. t. — esprits, bo-zes-pre /'. A
fine genius a man of wit.
[beamed (bemd), beaming.] To send forth: to emit. [F.] -Belle, bel, n. A young ladv, beautiful and ad-
— w. i. To emit rays of light; to shine. mired.— Belles-lettres, bel-let'ter, n.pl. Polite or
Bean, ben, n. A leguminous plant, and its seed. — elegant literature, esp. poetry and rhetoric. [F.]
Bean'-fly, n. A
fly found on bean flowers.
n. A migratory goose, feeding on beans.
goose, — Beauty, bu't'i, n. An assemblage of graces or pleas-
ing qualities: a particular grace, feature, excellence,
Bear, bar, v. t. [imp. bore (formerly bare); p.p. etc.; a beautiful person, esp. beautiful woman. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 BEAVER 33 BELDAM
Beau'tiful, -tt-ful, a. Handsome; pretty. Beau'- — a fermented extract of the roots, etc., of spruce, gin-
tifully, adv. —
Beau'tify, v. t. [beautified (-fid), ger, sassafras, etc.
-fylng.] To make beautiful; to adorn; ornament; Beet, bet, n. A
plant having a succulent root used for
embellish. v. i. —
To become beautiful. food and for making sugar.
Beaver, be'ver, n. An amphibious, rodent quadru- Beetle, be'tl, n. A
heavy mallet or wooden hammer.
ped; its fur; a hat made of the fur; a cloth, some- (Zobl.) A
coleopterous insect having four wings,
times felted, for making overcoats, hats, etc. Part the outer pair being stiff cases to cover the others
of a helmet which the wearer could raise or lower when folded. A
machine to produce figured fabrics
to eat and drink. by pressure from corrugated rollers. v. t. To pro —
Becalm, Bechance, Becharm, etc. See Be-, prefix. duce ornamental figures on. v. i. —
To hang or ex
Became. See Become. tend out; to jut.
Because, be-kawz', conj. By or for the cause that; for Befall, be-fawl', v. t. [imp. befell; p. p. -fallen
the reason that. falling.] To happen to, occur to. v. i. To come —
Beck, bek, n. A
significant nod, or motion of the to pass, happi :n.
—
head or hand. v. i. To make a nod or sign.—?;.*. Before
ifore, be-for', prep. In front of; preceding in space,
To notify or call by, etc. to intimate a command ; time, dignity, order, right, etc.; in presence or sight
to. —Beckon, bek'n, v. i. [beckoned (bek'nd), of; facing; in the power oi. —
adv. On the fore
-oning.] To make a sign by nodding, etc. —v. t. To part; in front; in time preceding; already.— Before'-
make a significant sign to; to summon. hand, adv. In a state of anticipation; by way of
Become, be-kum', v. i. [imp. became; p. p. become; preparation or preliminary. —
a. In comfortable
becoming.] To pass from one condition to another; financial circumstances; forehanded.
to enter into some new state. v. t. To suit or be — Beg, beg or ba, n. An Oriental governor of a town,
suitable to, be congruous with, befit. Becoming, — city, or district; a bey.
a. Appropriate or fit graceful befitting.
; Be- ; — Beg, beg, v. t. [begged (begd), begging.] To ask
comingly, adv. Becom'ingness, n.— earnestly, with humility or in charity to entreat, ;

Bed, re. Something to sleep or rest in or on; matrimo- implore; to take for granted, —v. i. To ask alms
nial connection marriage a plat of ground in a or charity. —
Beggar, beg'ger, n. One who, etc. one
—
; ; ;

garden; bottom of a body of water. (Geol.) A who lives by begging, a mendicant. v. t. [beg-
layer, seam, or stratum. Place on which anything gared (-gerd), -garing.] To reduce to beggary,
rests.— v. t. To place in a bed; to plant and inclose impoverish, exhaust.— Beg'garly, -IT, a. Extremely
or cover; to put in a place of rest and security. v. — indigent; mean; poor.
i. Togo to bed, cohabit. Bed'ding, n. Materials — Beget, be-get', v. i. [begot or begat begot or be- ;

for a bed, for man or beast. {Geol.) Position of gotten begetting.] To procreate, as a father or
;

layers, etc.— Bed' rid, -ridden, -rid-n, a. Confined sire; to generate, produce.
to the bed by age or infirmity. — An Begin, be-gin', v. i. [imp. began p. p. begun be-
offensive bug, infesting beds.
room for, etc.—
Bed'bug, n.
chamber, n.
clothes, -clothz, n. Sheets, blank-
— A
;

ginning.] To have an original or first existence;

to take rise, commence; to do the first act, take the
;

— —
ets, etc., for, etc. fellow, n. One who sleeps with first step. —
v. t. To enter on, commence. Begin'- —
another. piece, -plate, n. {Much.) The founda- ner, n. One who, etc.; esp. an inexperienced prac-
tion-framing or block base-plate
; sole-plate. ;
— titioner; a tyro.— Begin'ning, ft. The first cause;
-room, n. An apartment
for, etc. —-side, n. Side of, which commencement;
etc. —
stead, -sted, n. Frame for supporting, etc.
-tick, n. A cloth case, to inclose the materials of,
— origin; that is first;
diments, first ground, or materials.
Begone, be-gawn', interj. Go away; depart.
the ru-

etc. —
time, n. Hour for going to bed.
Bedlam, bedlam, n. A
madhouse; scene of uproar.
Begonia, be-go'nf-a, n. A
genus of ornamental plants
with one-sided leaves, often brightly colored.
Bedouin, bed'oo-en, n. One of the nomad Arab tribes Beguile, be-gll', v. t. [beguiled (-gild'), beguiling.]
of Arabia and Africa. To delude by artifice, impose on to cause to pass ;

Bee, be, n. (Entom.) A

four-winged insect that makes without notice, deceive, cheat, insnare.
wax and honey; an assemblage to labor for others. Behalf, be-haf, n. Advantage; interest; support; de-
[Ame>:~] pi. (Naut.) Pieces of plank bolted to the fense.
outer end of the bowsprit. Behave, be-hav', v. t. [behaved (-havd'), behaving.J
Beech, bech, n. A
tree of the genus Fagus. Beechen, — —
To carry, conduct, Dear, used reflexively. v. %. —
bech'n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, the wood or —
To act; to bear or carry one's self. Behavior, -hav'-
bark of, etc.— Beech/mast, n. The nuts of, etc. — ySr, n. Manner of behaving; conduct; deportment.
-oil, n. An oil expressed from the mast. Behead, be-hed', v. t. To sever the head from.
Behemoth, be'he-moth, n. An animal described in
Job, xl. 15-24, supposed to be the hippopotamus.
Behest, be-hesf, n. Command; injunction.
Behind, be-hind', prep. On the side opp. the front;
at the back or other side of; left at a distance by;
inferior to. —
adv. In the rear backward remain- ;

—
;

ing; past. Behindhand, a. In arrear; in a state

of backwardness.
Behold, be-hold', v. t. [beheld {p. p. formerly be-
holden), beholding.] To fix the eyes upon to ; .

see with attention. —

v. i. To direct the eyes to an
object: to look. —
Beholden, -hold'n, p. a. Obliged;
bound in gratitude; indebted. Behold'er, n. — A
spectator.
Behoof, be-hoof, n. Advantage; profit; benefit. —
Behoove, -hove, -hoov', v. t. [behooved (-hoovd'),
-hooving.] To be necessary for; to be fit or meet for.
1, neck; 2, shaking-piece; 10, round; 11, leg; 12, Being. See under Be.
3, chine; 4, ribs 5, clod;
; foot; 13, udder; 14, shin; Belabor, be-la'ber, v. t. To work diligently upon to ;

6, brisket ; 7, flank 8, ; 1.5, cheek. beat soundly, cudgel.

loin, sirloin ; 9, rump ;
Belay, be-la', v. t. [belayed (-lad'), belaying.]
Beef,.bMkn. An animal of the genus Bos, including (Jvawi.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking turns
the bull, cow, and ox, in their full-grown state; the with it round a pin, etc. —
Belay 'ing-p in, n. A
flesh of bovine animals, when killed. a. Pert, to, — strong pin round which ropes are wound.
or consisting of the flesh of, etc. Beeves, bevz, n. — Belch, belch, .v. t. [belched (belcht), belching.]
pi., when the animals are meant. Beefsteak, -stak, — To throw up from the stomach with violence to
—
;

n. A
slice of beef for broiling. eruct; to eject violently from within. v. i. To
—
Been. See Be. eject wind from the stomach to issue violently.
;

Beer, ber, n. Fermented liquor made from malted n. Act of belching; eructation.
grain, with hops and other bitter flavoring matters; Beldam, -dame, bel'dain, n. An ugly old woman.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
3
 BELEAGUER 34 BERRY
leleaguer. be-le'ger, [beleaguered (-gerd),
v. t. rope is fastened. (Her.) One of the honorable or-
-gcering.] To surround with an army so as to pre- dinaries, made by two drawn across from the
lines
clude escape; to besiege, blockade, environ. dexter chief to the sinister base point— Bend'er, n.
Bel-esprit. See under Beau. — Bent, n. State of being inclined from a straight
Beifry, beKfrl, n. Orig., a movable tower, erected by line; flexurej leaning or bias; propensity.
besiegers f or attack and defense; a bell-tower a cu- ; Beneath, be-netb/ or -neth', prep. Lower in place,
pola or turret, or room in a tower, for a bell. with something over or on under; unworthy of; ;

Belie, be-li', v. t. [belied (-lid'), belying.] To give unbecoming. —

adv. In a lower place; below, as
the lie to; to show to be false; to give a false account opp. to heaven, or to any superior region.
of: to slander, counterfeit. Benedict, ben'e-dikt. Ben'ediek, n. A married man,
Believe, be-leV, v. t. [believed (-levd'), -lievixg.] or man newly married.
To-be persuaded of the truth of, place confidence Benedictine, ben-e-dikt'in, a. Pert, to the monks of
in, credit, —
v. i. To have a firm persuasion: to St. Benedict. n. —
A monk of the order established
think, suppose. —
Believ'er. n. One who. etc.: esp., by St. Benedict in the lith century; a Black Friar.
one who believes in divine revelation. Belief, -lef r — , Benediction, ben-e-dik'shun, it. Act of blessing; bless-
n. An assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, ing, prayer, or kind wishes; esp. the short prayer
proposition, etc thing believed: a tenet, or body of
; which closes public worship.
tenets; credence; trust: faith; confidence. Benefaction, ben-e-fak'shun, n. Act of conferring a
Belike, be-lik'', adv. It is likely: probably: perhaps. benefit; benefit conferred, esp. a donation. Bene- —
Bell, bel, n. Ahollow metallic vessel which rings fac'tor, -ter, n. One who confers, etc. Benefac'- —
when struck: anything like a bell. Bells, belz, n. — tress, n. A woman
who, etc. Ben'efice. -ns, n. —
(Xaut.) The half-hours of the watch, indicated bv Lit., a benefit, advantage, or kindness. {Church or'
strokes on the bell. —
Bell'bird, n. bird of Brazil, A Eng^) An ecclesiastical living. Beneficed, -list, —
also one of Australia, whose notes resemble bells. a. Possessed of a benefice. Beneficence, -nef- —
Belladonna, bel'la-don'na, n. Deadly nightshade, Y-sens, n. Practice of doing good; active goodness
formerly used as a cosmetic. or charity. —
Beneficent, a. Doing good; bounti-
Belle. Belles-lettres. See under Beau. ful: generous; muniricent.— Beneficently, adv.—
Bellicose, bel'if-kos. a. Disposed to contention; Beneficial. -e-rish'al. a. Conferring benefits; profit-
pugnacious. —
Belligerent, -lij'er-ent, a. Waging able. (Law.) Receiving, or entitled to receive, ad-
—
war: tending to, or disposed for, war. — n. A na- vantage, use. or benefit. Benefi'cially, adv. —
tion, power, or state, carrying on war. Beneficiary, -fish'T-er-I, a. Holding office or pos-
Bellow, bel'lo. v. i. To make a hollow, loud noise, as session, in subordination to another. n. feuda- — A
a bull; to bawl, clamor, roar. -n. lcud outcry. A tory or vassal; one who holds a benefice: one who
Bellows, bel'lus, /?. sing, and pi. An instrument to receives a gift, or is maintained by charity. Ben'- —
propel air through a tube. BeKlows-nsh, n. — A efit, /!. An act of kindness; favor conferred; what-
fish having a ever promotes prosperity, or adds value to property.
long tubular A performance at a theater, etc., in aid of some
snout, like bel- person or object. (Eng. Law.) Benefit of clergy,
lows-pipe; the — the exemption of clergymen from criminal pro-
trumpet-fish. cess before a secular judge, anciently extended to
Belly, belTf, n. all who could read. v. t. —
To do good to, be use-
The part of ful to. —
v. i. To gain advantage.
the body con- Benevolence, be-nev'o-lens, w. Disposition to do
t a i n i n g the good; benignity; tenderness: charitableness; an act
bowels, or in- of kindness; a tax illegally exacted by arbitrary
testines ; the knurs of England. See Phrenology.— Benev'o-
abdomen: any lent, a. Having a disposition to do good: possessing
thing resem- love to mankind. —
Benev'olently, adv.
bling the belly Bengal light, ben-gawK-lit. Bengola, -go'la, n. A fire-
i n protuber- work, producing a vivid and sustained colored
ance or cavity. light, used for signals at night.
—v. I. To swell and become protuberant. Bengalee, Bengali, ben-gaw-le', n. _ The language
Belong, be-long', v. i. [belonged (-lonsd'), belong- spoken in .bengal. —
Bengalese, -ez', n.sing. arid
ing.] To be the propertv, concern, or proper business
of; to appertain: to he a part of. or connected with:
pi. A
native, or the natives of, etc. a. Pert, to —
Bengal or to its people.
to be native to, or to have a legal residence. Benight, be-nTf, v. t. To involve in night or dark-
Beloved, as a pt. be-luvd', as an adj. be-luv'ed. ness; esp. in moral darkness or ignorance.
-
Greatly loved: dear to the heart. Benign. be-nTn r a. Of a kind disposition mani-
, ;

Below, be-lo', prep. Under in place: beneath: not so festing kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.: propitious:
high; inferior to iu rank, excellence, or dignity;
— salutary; gracious. —
Benig'nant, a. Kind. Be- —
unworthy of; unbefitting, adv. In a lower place; nig'nantly, adv. —
Benig'nity.-ni'-ti, n. Quality of
beneath. being benign; condescending kindness; gracious-
Belt, belt, n. That which engirdles, restrains, or con- ness; salubrity: wholesome quality.
fines: a band or girdle. v. t. —
To encircle as with a Bent. See under Bend.
belt; to encompass. Benzoin, ben-zoin', n. A frasrrant resin from a tree of
Bemoan, be-mon', r. [bemoaned (-monrK). be-
?•.
Sumatra. Java, etc. — Benzo'ic, a. Pert, to, or ob-
moaning.] To express deep grief for. bv moaning;
to lament, bewail.
tained from, etc. —
Ben'zine, -zin or -zen. v. light A
oil of petroleum.— Benzole, -zoK. Ben'zoline, -zo-lin,
Bench, bench, n. A long seat: a work-table; the seat n. (Chem.) An oily substance obtained from coal
forjudges in court; persons who sit as judges; the tar, and possessing solvent powers.
court a collection of dosrs, usually put on benches, Bequeath, be-kwerli'', r. t. [bequeathed (-kwettid),
—
;

for exhibition. -war'raht, n. (Law.) A process is- -queathing.] To give or leave by will to hand
—
;

sued by a court iainst one guilty of contempt, or

indicted for crime-
down, devise. Bequeath 'er, n. Bequest, -kwesf, —
n. (Law.)_ Something left by will; legacy.
Bend, bend, v. t. [bended or bent_ ,BENDING.] To Berate, be-raf, v. t. To rate, or chide, vehemently;
crook by straining; to curve to : turn out of the d irect to scold.
course to some certain point: to incline or exercise Bereave, be-rev'. v. t. [bereaved (-revd') or bereft:
closely or with interest: to exert; to apply; to ren- bereaving.] To make destitute, deprivegj^o take
der submissive, subdue. (Naut.) To fasten, as one awav from. — Bereavs'ment, ».— Bereav'er. n.
rope to another, or as a sail to its vard. r. ;.
be moved or strained out of a straight line: to how;
To — Berg. berg. n. A
large mass or mountain of ice.
to be inclined with interest, or closely; to be
Berlin, ber'lin or ber-lin', n. four-wheeled car- A
direct- riage, like a chariot; a fine worsted for fancy work.
ed; to bow in prayer, or in submission, —n. A turn
Eerry. b&:'Y, n. A
small pulpy fruit containing- seeds;
or deflection from a straight line or direction
a ; an egg of a fish. —
v. i. To bear or produce berries.
curve; incurvation. (Xaut.) knot bv which aA — v. t. To impregnate with eggs or spawn.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r :
 BERTH 35 BIBLIOGRAPHER
Berth, berth, n. The place where a ship lies when at secration. Betroth'' al, -ment, n. A mutual en-
anchor, or at a wharf a sleeping-place in a ship; gagement for marriage espousals.
—
: ;

official situation, position or employment. v. t. Better, bet'ter, a. (comp. of Good). Having good
To give an anchorage or place to lie at to furnish ; qualities in a greater degree preferable in value,
berths to. use, safety, etc. ; improved in health. n.
;

Advan- —
Beryl, ber'il, n. A
hard green or bluish-green min- tage, superiority, or victory ; improvement; pi. those
eral, same as the emerald, except in color. who have claim to precedence; superiors. adv. —
Beseech, be-sech'", v. t. [besought (-sawf), beseech- (comp. of Well). In a superior manner: more cor-
ing.] To ask urgently; to solicit, supplicate. rectly; in a higher degree; more. v. t. [bettered —
Beseem, be-sem-', v. t. To be fit for, or worthy of; to (-terd), -tering.] —To increase the good qualities of;
befit. to improve, amend, correct, promote.
Beset, be-set', v. t. [beset; besetting.] To put or Between, be-twen r prep. In the intermediate space of,
,

place, on, in, or around; to stop up, waylay, block- without regard to distance; from one to another of;
ade; to hem in or press on all sides; to environ, be- shared by two or both of; in intermediate relation
siege, embarrass, urge. to. —Between'-decks, n. (Naut.) The open space
Beshrew, be-shroV, r. t. To wish curses to; to execrate. between two decks of a ship. Betwixt, -twiksf, —
Beside, be-sid', prep. At the side of; aside from; out prep. Same as Between.
of the regular course or order; out of. Besides, — Bevel, bev'el, n. A
slant of a surface at an angle
-sidz', adv. More than that; moreover; in addition. other than a right angle; an instrument
—prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from; for measuring angles. —
a. Having the
in addition to. —
To be beside one's self. To be out form of a bevel; slanting. v. t. [bev- —
of one's senses, or frantic. eled (-eld), -eling.] To cut to a bevel
Besiege, be-sej', v. t. [besieged (-sejd')i -sieging.] angle. —
v. i. To slant to a bevel angle, <

To beset with armed forces, in order to compel to or from a direct line. —

Bev'el-gear, n. Bevel.
—
surrender; to beleaguer, invest.
Besique, -zique, ba-zek', n.
Besieg'er, n.
A
game of cards, played
by two or four persons, with two packs from which
(JIach.) Wheelwork in which one wheel
drives another moving in a different plane.
n. A
wheel,
wheel having teeth set at an angle greater or
—
certain small cards have been removed. [F.] less than half a right angle.
Besot, be-sot', v.t. To make sottish by drink; to Beverage, bev'er-ej, n. Drink liquor for drinking.
—
make dull or stupid. Besot'tedly, adv. Besot'- — Bevy, bev'T, n. A
;

flock of birds; a company ; an as-

tedness, n. State of being besotted infatuation. ; sembly of persons, esp. ladies.
Besought. See Beseech. Bewail, be-waK, v. t. [bewailed (-wald r ), -wailing.]
Bespatter, be-spat'ter, v. t. [bespattered (-spaf- To express sorrow for, as by wailing; to mourn, la-
terd), -tering.] To soil by spattering; to sprinkle ment.— v. i. To express grief.
with water or dirt; to asperse with calumny. Beware, be-war', v. i. To restrain or guard one's
Bespeak, be-spek', r. t. [imp. bespoke p. p. bespoke ; self; to be cautious, take care.
or bespoken; bespeaking.] To speak for, or en- Bewilder, be-wil'der, v. t. [bewildered (-wiKderd),
gage, beforehand; to indicate or show beforehand; -dering.] To lead into perplexity to perplex,
—
;

to speak to, address; to betoken, show. entangle, confuse, confound, puzzle. Bewirder-
Bessemer steel, bes'se-mer stel. Steel made directly ingly, adv. —
Bewil'derment, n. State of being, etc.
from cast-iron, by a process invented by Sir Henry Bewitch, be-wich', v. t. [bewitched (-wichtO,
Bessemer. -witching.] To gain an ascendency over by charms;
Good.) Having excellence in
Best, best, a. (superl. of to affect by witchcraft or sorcery;" to fascinate.
the highest degree; most good; most advanced; most Bewray, be-ra', v. t. [bewrayed (-rad"), -wraying.]
correct or complete. n. —
Utmost highest en- ; To disclose perfidiously, betrav.
deavor. —
adv. (superl. or' Well.) In the highest Bey, ba, n. A
governor of a Turkish town or district;
degree; beyond all other; to the most advantage; in some places, a prince: —
same as Beg.
with the most success, ease, propriety, etc. most ; Beyond, be-yond'.^-e/}. On the further side of; before,
particularly: most correctly. in place or time; further than; past; above, in dig-
Bestow, be-sto', v. t. [bestowed (-stodl, bestowing.] nitv, excellence, etc. —
adv. At a distance; yonder.
To lay up in store; deposit for safe-keeping; to Bezant. See Byzant.
make "use of, apply; to give, confer, or impart — Bezel, bez'el, n. The part of a ring encompassing and
Bestow'al, Act of, etc.; disposal.
n. Bestow'er, —
fastening the stone. [F.]
n. — Bestow'ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which is be- Bezique. See Besique.
stowed; donation. Bias, bi r as, n. A weight on the side of a bowl which
Bestride, be-strid', v. t. [imp. bestrid or -strode; turns it from a straight line; a leaning of the mind:
p. p. -strid or -stridden -striding.] To stride
; propensity towards an object; bent; prejudice; in-
over: to stand or sit with anything between the legs, clination; a wedge-shaped piece taken out of a gar-
or with the legs extended across.' ment to diminish its circumference.— adv. In a
Bet, n. That which is staked, or pledged, in a con- slanting manner; crosswise; diagonally. v. t. [bi-
test a wager. — v. t.
: To stake, or pledge upon the ased (br'ast), -asing.] To incline to one side; to
event of a "contest; to wager. give a particular direction to, prejudice, prepossess.
Betake, be-tak', v. t. [imp. betook: p. p. betaken Biaxal, bi-aks'al, Biax'ial, -T-al, a. (Opt.) Having
(be-tak'n); betaking.] To have recourse to; to two axes.
apply; to resort. Bib, n. cloth worn by children over the breast. A —
Bethel, beth'el, n. A chapel for dissenters in Eng., and Bibacious, bi-ba'shus, a. Addicted to drinking. —
for seamen in the U. S. Bibaeity, -bas'Y-tT, n. Love of, etc. Bib'ber, n. —
Bethink, be-think'. v. t. [-thought (-thawf), -think- One addicted, etc.; a tippler. Bib'ulous, -u-lus, a. —
ing.] To call to mind, recall, recollect, reflect. Absorbing moisture; spongv; porous.
Betide, be-tid', v. t. [imp. betid or betide d p. p. Bibasic, bi-ba'sik, a. (Cherii.) Capable of combining
:

betid betiding.] To happen to, befall, come to.

; with two parts or equivalents of a base; or contain-
— v. i. To come to pass, happen. ing two equivalents of abase to one of acid.
Betime, be-tim', -times, -timz', adv. In good time Bible, bi'bl, n. The Book; the volume containing
seasonably; in a short time: soon. the Scriptures. Biblical, bib'lT-kal. a.
;

Pert, to —
Betoken, be-to'kn, v. t. [betokened (-tok'nd), the Bible. Bib'lically, adv. Bib'licist, -lt-sist. — —
-ening.] To signify by some visible object; to fore- Bib'list, n. One who makes the Scriptures the sole
show by present signs," presage, portend, note. rule of faith; a Bihlical scholar.
Betray, be-tra', v. t. [betrayed (-trad r ), -traying.] Bibliographer, bib-lT-og , ra-fer, n. One versed in
To give up treacherously; to violate the confidence bibliography. Bibliog /'raphy, -ra-fT, ??. descrip- — A
of to disclose or discover to mislead; to fail in re- tion of books and manuscripts. Bibliograpb/ic, —
;

spect to reliance placed in or upon.

;

Betray'al, n. -ical, a. —Pert, to bibliography. Bibliograph'ically. —

Act of, etc. —Betray'' er, n. One who, etc.: a traitor. adv. BiblioKogy, n. treatise on books; biblical — A
Betroth, be-troth', v. t. To contract to any one; to af- literature. Bib'lioma'nia, -ma'nl-a, n. rage for — A
fiance; to contract with for a future spouse; to es- possessing curious books. Bibliophile, -fil, n. One —
pouse: to nominate to a bishopric, in order to con- who loves books.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 BICAPSULAR 36 BIRCH
Bicapsular, bi-kap'su-ler, a. (Bot.) Having two seed Billet, biKlet. n. A
small stick of wood.
capsules to each flower._ Billiard. biKyard, a. Pert, to the game of billiards.
Bicarbonate, bi-kar'bo-nat, n. (Chem.) A carbonate — BiKliards. -yardz. n. pi. A
game'played with balls,
having 2 equivalents of carbonic acid to 1 of base. on a rectangular table._
Bice, Bise, bis, n. {Paint.) A
pale blue color, prepared Billingsgate, biKlingz-gat, n. Foul or profane lan-
from blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt. guage; ribaldry.
Biceps, bi'seps, n. (Anat.) A
muscle having two Billion, biKyun.'n. According to French numeration,
origins. a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000; according to
Bicker, bik'er, v. i. [bickered (-erd), -ering.] To the English method, a million of millions, or 1,000.-
skirmish; to contend in words or petulant alterca- 000,000,000.
tion; to quarrel, wrangle; to move quickly; to be Billow, biKlo, n. A great wave
or surge of the sea.
tremulous, like flame or water; to quiver. j
Billy, bill!,.?!. A
watchman's club.
Eicolor, bi-kuKer, -ored. -erd,_a. Of two colors. ! Bilobed, bKlobd, -lobate, -lo'bat, a. (Bot.) Divided
Bicuspid, bi-kus'pid, -pidate, -at, a. Having two points. I
into two lobes.
Bicycle, bi'sY-kl, n. A
two-wheeled velocipede. Bimanous, bi-ma'nus, a. (Zo'ol.) Having two hands.
Bid, v. t. [imp. bid or bade (bad); p. p. bid or bid- j
Bimensal, bi-men'sal, -mestrial, -mes'trl-al, -monthly,
den; bidding.] To
offer; esp. to offer to pay; to !
-muntlKLY, a. Occurring once in two months.
declare, as a wish, greeting, defiance, etc.; to order, I
Bimetalism, bi-mefal-izm, n. The use as legal ten-
command, invite. n. An
offer of a price, esp. at der of coins of two metals at a fixed relative value.
auctions. — Bimetal'lic, a. —
Bimet'allist, n. One who advo-
Bide, bid, v. ?'. To
dwell permanently; to inhabit. cates, etc.
— v.t. To endure, suffer, wait for. Bin, n. A box or inclosed place, used as a repository.
Biennial, bi-en'nY-al, a. Continuing for two years, — v. t. [binned (bYnd), binning.] To store in a
and then perishing: occurring once in two years.— bin.
n. (Bot.) Aplant that lasts for two years, and then Binary, bKna-rY, a. Compounded of two; double.—
perishes. —
Bien'nially, adv. Once "in, or at the re- Binary arithmetic. That in which two figures only,
turn of, two years. 0andl,are used, in lieu of ten.— Binary compounds.
Bier, ber, n. A
frame for conveying the dead to the (Chem.) A compound of two elements. — Bi'nate,
grave. -nat, a. (Bot.) Double or in couples growing in ;

Bifurcate, bi-fer'kat. -cated, -ka-ted. a. Forked; di- pairs.

vided into two branches. —
Bifurca'tion, n. fork- A Bind, bind, v. t. [imp. bound (bownd); p. p. bound,
ing.— Bifurcous, -fer'kus, a. (Bot.) Two-forked. formerly bounden ; binding.] To tie together or
Big, a. Having largeness of size, bulk, etc. great ; confine with cord, bands, etc. to restrain or hold; to
;

with young pregnant; full of something porten-

; protect or strengthen by a band, or cover; to place
tous; proud; arrogant. under legal obligation to serve.—zv. i. To contract;
Bigamy, big'a-mY, n. (Laio.) The crime of having to grow liard or stiff to be restrained from mo-
—
;

two wives or husbands at once. Big'amist, n. One tion; to be obligatory. —

n. A stalk of hops, which
guilty of, etc. —
winds round a pole or tree. Bind'er. n. One who,
Biggin, big'gin, n. A
child's cap or hood. piggin, A etc., esp. who binds books; anything that binds; a
or small wooden vessel; a contrivance for hold'ing bandage. —
Bind'ery, -er-Y, ji. place where books,A
coffee-grounds (a bag or perforated metallic vessel) etc., are bound. —
Bind'ing, a. Having power to
through which boiling water is poured. bind or oblige; obligatory. —
n. Act of fastening
Bight, bit, n. ( Geog.) A^bend in the sea-coast forming with a band; anything that binds, as a bandage, the
a bay. (Xaut.) The double part of a folded rope; cover of a book* or something to secure the edge of
a round, bend, or coil anywhere except at the ends. cloth from raveling.
Bigot, big'ot, n. One unreasonably wedded to some Binnacle, bin'na-kl, n. (Xaut.) A box containing a
religious creed, practice, ritual, etc.; a devotee.— ship's compass and a light to show it at
Big'otry. -rY, n. Perverse or blind attachment to, night.
etc.; the practice or tenet of a bigot. Binocle, bin'o-kl, n. A
telescope fitted with
Bilateral, bi-lat'er-al, a. Having two sides; pert, to —
two tubes joining. Binoc'ular. -u-ler, a.
the two sides of a central organ or axis. Having two eyes; with, or pert, to both
Bilberry, bil'ber-ri, n. A
shrub of the whortleberrv eyes; adapted to the use of, etc. Binoc''- —
family, and its fruit. ulate, -lat, a. Having two eyes.
Bile, oil, n. A
yellow, greenish, bitter, viscid fluid Binomial, Di-no'mY-al, n. (Alg.) An ex-
secreted by the liver; ill-humor. —Biliary, biKya-rl, pression consisting of 2 terms connected
a. (Med.) Pert, to, or conveying, etc. —Billions, by the sign plus or minus; as a b, or + 7—
-yus, a. Pert, to, or disordered im'the bile; having S. —a. Consisting of 2 terms; pert, to bi- Binnacle,
an excess of bile. nomials.
Bile. See Boil, k. Biography, bi-og'ra-fY, n. History of the life of a
Bilge, bilj, n. The protuberant part of a cask. (Naut.) person; biographical writings in general. Biog'- —
The broadest part of a ship's bottom, —v.t. [bilged rapher, -ra-fer, n. One who writes, etc. Biograph- —
(bilid), bilging.] {Xaut.) To suffer fracture in ic, -ical, -grafik-al, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.
the bilge; to spring a leak. — Biograpb/ically, adr.
Bilingual, bi-lin'gwal, -guar, -gwar, a. Containing Biology, bi-oKo-jY, n. The science of life and living
two languages. —
Bilin'guous, -gwus, a. Having things, animal and vegetable.
two tongues, or speaking two languages. Biophagous, bi-ofa-gus, a. Consuming living creat-
Bilk, bilk, v. t. [bilked (bilkt), bilking.] To disap- ures. —
said of insectivorous plants.
point, deceive, or defraud, bv non-fulfillment of Biparous, bi-pa'rus or bip'a-rus, a. Bringing forth
engagement. two at a birth.
Bill, bil, n. The beak of a fowl; note of a bird. v. — Bipartible, bi-par'tY-bl, -tile, -til, a. Capable of being
t. To join bills, as doves; to caress. divided into two parts. —
Bipartite, bi-par'tit or
Bill, bil, n. A hook-shaped cutting instrument an : bip'ar-rit, a. Having two correspondent parts, as a
ancient battle-ax; a pickax, or mattock. (Naut.) contract, one for each party; divided into two parts,
The point of the fluke of an anchor. as a leaf. —
Biparti'tion, n~. Act of dividing, etc.
Bill, bil, n. (Law.) A written declaration of wrong Biped, bi'ped, n. An animal having two feet.
suffered, or fault committed an obligation given; Bipennate, bi-pen'nat, -nated. a. Having two wings.
tor money: a promissory note a proposed law. An ; Bipetalous, bi-pefal-us, a. (Bot.) Having 2 petals or
advertisement posted publicly: an account of goods flower-leaves.
sold or services rendered, with price annexed any ; Biplicate. bi-pii''kat. a. Twice folded together.
__
paper containing a statement of particulars. Biquadrate. bi-kwod'rat, -rat'ic, n. (Math.) The 4th
.billet, biKlet, n. A note in writing, or short letter: a power, arising from the multiplication of a square
ticket from a public officer directing soldiers where number or quantity by itself.
to lodge. —
v. t. (Mil.) To direct, bv ticket, where Birch, berch, n. A
forest tree of several species; a rod
to lodge: to quarter, as soldiers in private houses
— of birch. —
Birch, Birchen, berch'n, a. Consisting
Billet-doux, hil'le-doo', n. love letter. A of, or pert, to, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 BIRD 37 BLACK
Bird, berd, n. A two-legged, feathered, flying animal. bitz, re. pi. A frame of timbers to hold a ship's ca-
•— v. i. To catch or shoot birds. —Bird' s'-eye, a. bles.
Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; general; not Bittacle, bifta-kl, re. The box for the compass on
in detail. —
Bird's'nest, re. The nest in which a bird board a ship. [See Binnacle.]
lays eggs. v. i. —To hunt for birds' nests. Bitter, bifter, a. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting
Birth, berth, re. Act of coming into life, or being taste causing pain, smart, or distress character-
; ;

born; lineage; extraction; natural state or position; ized by sharpness, severitv, or cruelty; mournful;
act of bringing forth; that which is produced, ani- distressing; pitiable. —
Bit^terish, a. Somewhat bit-
mal or vegetable; origin; beginning. New birth. — ter.— Bit'terishness, re. Bit'terly, adv. —
Bitter- —
(Theol.) Regeneration, or the commencement of a ness, re.— Bit 'tern, -tern,»re. The brine remaining
religious life.— Birth'day, re. The day in which in saltworks after the salt is concreted; a very bitter
one born its anniversary.
is ; -mark, re. Some — compound of quassia, cocculus indicus, etc. Bit'- —
mark or blemish on the body at birth. place, re. ters, -terz, re. pi. Liquor, generally spirituous, in
The place where one is born place of origin.— ; which bitter herbs or roots have been steeped.—
-right, -rlt, re. Any right or privilege to which a Bit'ter-spar, -spar, re. A
mineral consisting of car-
person is entitled by birth. bonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia, the —
Biscuit, bis'kit, re. Unleavened bread baked hard; a soluble salts of the magnesia being bitter. Bif- —
small loaf of leavened and shortened bread; a thin, ter-sweet, re. (Bot.) A
climbing plant, whose root,
crisp cake or cracker earthen ware after its first when chewed, produces a bitter, then a sweet taste.
baking, before glazing.
;

— Bit'terwort, -wert, re. (Bot.) Yellow gentian.

Bisect, bi-sekf, v. t. To cut into two parts. (Geom.) Bittern, biftern, re. A wading bird of Europe, re-
To divide into two equal parts. Bisection, -sek'- — lated to the heron.
shun, n. Act of, etc. —
Biseg'ment, re. One part of Bitumen, bi-tu'men, Mineral pitch, a substance
re.

a line, or other magnitude, divided into two equal smelling like pitch and burning with a bright flame,
parts. without residue. [L.]— Bitu'minate, v.t. To im-
Bisexual, bi-seks'u-al, a. (Bot.) Of both sexes. pregnate with, etc. —
Bitu/minize, -niz, v. t. [bitu-
Biserial, bi-se'ri-al, a. Arranged in a double series. minized (-nizd), -xizing.] To form into or impreg-
Bishop, bish/up, re. An
overseer; a spiritual superin- nate with, etc. —
Bitu 'urinous, -nus, a. Having the
tendent; in Episcopal usage, the highest of the 3 or- qualities of, compounded with, or containing, etc.
ders of the Christian ministry; a piece in the game Bivalve, bi'valv, re. (Zo'61.) A mollusk having a shell
of chess. —
Bisb/opric, re. diocese; district over A in two parts. (Bot.) pericarp A
which a bishop has- jurisdiction; office of, etc. in which the seed-case opens or
Bismuth, biz'muth, n. A reddish-white metal, harder splits into two parts. Bi 'valve, —
than lead, and brittle. -valved. -valvd, -valvous, -valv'-
Bison, hi' son or bi'sn, re. A quadruped of North us, -valv'ular, -u-ler, a.
America, popularly, but in- Bivouac, biv'wak, re. (Mil.) The
correctly, called the buffalo. guard or watch of a whole army;
Bisque, Bisk, bisk, re. soup A an encampment without tents. — |

made of crayfish, or by boil- v. t. [bivouacked (-wakt),

ing together several kinds of -wacking.] To be on guard; to
flesh. [F.] encamp without covering.
Bissextile, bis-seks'til, re. Biweekly, bi'wek'li, a. Occurring
Leap year; every 4th year, in once in ever}' two weeks.
which a day is added in the Bizarre, be-zar', a. Odd; fantasti- Bivalve.
month of February.— «. Pert, cal; whimsical.
to, etc. American Bison. Blab, blab, v. t. [blabbed (blabd), blabbing.] To
Bister, Bistre, bis'ter, re. A dark-brown pigment ex- tell unnecessarily, or indiscreetly. v. i. To talk —
tracted from wood-soot. thoughtlessly; to tattle. re. —
One who blabs; a
Bistort, bis'tSrt^re. A
plant, called also snake-weed. babbler.
Bistoury, bis'too-rT, re. surgical instrument for A Black, blak, a. Destitute of light, or incapable of re-
making incisions. _ flecting it; very dark or gloomy; dismal or forbid-
Bisulcate, bi-sul'kat, a. Two-furrowed. (Zo'61.) ding; destitute of moral light or goodness, —re. The
Cloven-footed.—BisuKcous, -kus, a. Cloven-footed, darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color;
as swine or oxen. _
r
Bisulphate, bi-sul fat, re. (Chctn.) sulphate having A
a negro; a black dress, or mourning. v. t. [blacked — —
(blakt), blacking.] To make black; to blacken.
two equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base. Blacken, blak'n, v. t. [blackened (-nd), -ening.J
— Bisul'phuret, -fu-ret, re. (Chem.) sulphuret A To make black or dark; to sully, defame, make in-
with two atoms of sulphur, as the electro-negative famous. —
v. i. To grow black or dark. Black'- —
ingredient. ing, n. A
preparation for blacking shoes, etc.—
Bit. See under Bcte. Blackish, a. Somewhat black. Blackly, adv. —
Bitch, bich, re. The female of the canine kind, as of Darkly; gloomily; atrociously. Black'ness, re.— —
the dog, wolf, and fox a name of reproach for a A
woman.
;

Bite, bit, v. t. [bit or bitten (bit'tn), biting.] To

Black
negro.
art.
— Conjuration; magic.
ball, re. A
amoor, re.
composition for blacking shoes,
etc.; a ball of black color, used as a negative in
cut, crush, or seize with the teeth to cause sharp ; voting. —
v. t. [-balled (-bawld), -balling.] To
pain or smarting to; to cheat, trick; to take hold of, reject by putting black balls into a ballot-box. — _
'

adhere to. —
v. i. To seize or wound with the teeth -band, re. A
valuable iron ore, containing enough
or mouth; to cause hurt, pain, or injury. re. Act — coaly matter for its own calcination. berry, -ber-
of biting; the wound made by the teeth; a morsel; rY, re. A
species of bramble; its edible fruit. bird,
mouthful; the hold or purchase of a tool; a cheat; re. In Eng. a species of thrush in Amer. the name is
trick; sharper. —
Bi'ter, re. One who, or that which, given to different birds. board, re. A board used
:

bites. —
Bi'ting, a. Sharp; severe; sarcastic; to write or draw on with chalk. -book, re. A book —
caustic— Bi'tingly, adv.— Bi'ting-in, (Etching.) re. for registering misdemeanors a book on necro-
Process of corroding metallic plates, by means of
— Bit, mancy. — Threatening; dis-
-browed, -browd, a.
;

acid. bit, morsel bite

re. A mouthful ; ; ; mal. cattle, -kat'tl, re. Cattle reared for slaugh-
hence, a small piece of anything; a small coin in
several countries
ter, of whatever color. [Eng.] breed of Dutch A
small in- cattle of a black color. cock, re. The heath-
strument for boring. The
;

— cock; black grouse; black game. currant, re. A

— -drop, A
mouth-piece of a bridle, to
which the
— v. t.
reins are fastened.
To put a bit in the
garden
aration of
off New
fruit.
opium
re.

in vinegar.
(3fed.)

England, the tautog a

fish, — re.
liquid prep-
A fish caught
small kind of
mouth of. —
Bif-stock, n. A whale. flux, re. A compound
;

used to assist in
brace or handle, to hold the Carpenter's bits, melting metals. —
-friar, re. A friar of the Domin-
bit in boring. ican order. —
-guard, blag'gard, re. Orig. the lower
bit, v. t.\Naut.) To put round the bitts.— Bitts, menials of a court; hence a scurrilous person of low
sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 BLADDER 38 BLIND
character. —
v. t. To revile in scurrilous language. Blase",bla-zal a. Surfeited; incapable of further en-
[Orig. the guard of the devil; thence, a fit attendant joyment. [F.]
on the devil.] guardism, n. Conduct or language Blaspheme, bias-fern', v. t. [blasphemed (-femd'),
of a blackguard. hole, n. dark dungeon for A -pheming.] To speak reproachfully or impiously
refractory prisoners. -jack, n. — mineral ore, A of; to utter abuse or calumny against. v. i. To —
false gale'na, -which is the sulphuret of zinc, or zinc utter blasphemy. —
Blas'phemous, -fe-mus, a. Con-
blende; a species of oak, called also barren oak; a taining blasphemy impiously irreverent or re-
—
;

small, heavy bludgeon. lead, -led, n. mineral A j

proachful toward God. Bias 'phemy, n. An indig-
composed of carbon plumbago graphite. [From nity offered to God by reproachful, contemptuous,
—
; :
i

its color and its marking paper like lead.] -leg, n. t or irreverent words.
A gambler and cheat; a disease of sheep and calves. A
— letter, n. The old English or modern Gothic let-
ter, used in early manuscripts and the first printed
: Blast, blast, n. destructive or pernicious wind;
a forcible stream of air from an orifice exhaust
steam from an engine, or the draught through the
;

books. —
a. 'Written or printed in black-letter; stu- fire produced thereby; the sound made by blowing
dious of old books. mail, n. rate of money, A a wind instrument; the rending of rocks', etc., by
cattle, etc., anciently paid to robbers for exemption explosives, or the charge used for this purpose: a
from pillage extortion of money by threats.
;
— blight; a flatulent disease of sheep, —v.t. To in-
-martin, n. A bird of the swallow family.
[

pud- jure, as by a noxious wind; to blight; to affect with

ding, -pud'ding, n. A
kind of sausage made of sudden violence; to confound, or strike with force,
blood, suet, etcT rod, n. The usher of the order by a loud blast; to split, as by explosion.
of the Garter, who carries a black rod. [Eng.] — Blatant, blalant, a. Bellowing, as a calf; noisy.
-rust, n. A
disease of wheat. smith, n. A Blather, blath'er, n. Foolish chatter.— v. i. To talk
smith who works in iron. snake, n. ser- A idly. —Blath'erskite, -skit, n. An obtrusive bab-
—
;

pent of a black color two species are found in

: bier, or his talk. Blatter, blatler, v. i. To patter;
—
i

America. -strap, n. A
mixture of spirituous '
to make a senseless noise; to rail.
liquor and molasses. tail, n. kind of perch. A Blaze, blaz, n. The stream of light and heat from a
thorn, n. A
spiny plant bearing a small black burning body; flame: light, as from flame: a white
fruit, used for hedges"; the sloe. vomit, n. A spot on a horse's face: a spot made on a tree by
vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance !
chipping off bark. v. i. —
[blazed (blazd), bla-
so discharged, a symptom in yellow fever. wal- zing.] To shine with flame; to send forth bright
nut. An American tree having dark-colored wood.
l

light; to be conspicuous. — v. I. To mark, as bychip-

Bladder, blad'der, n. (Anat.) A
bag or sac in animals, '

ping a tree.
containing some secreted fluid; the air bag in fish. Blaze, blaz, v. t. To
publish far and wide, proclaim.
Blade, blad, ?i. The leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of a — Blazon, bla'zn,
t. [blazoned (bla'znd), -zon-
v.
plant, esp. of gramineous plants; the cutting part of ing.] To display, exhibit conspicuously, embellish,
an instrumenF: broad part of an oar. (Anat.) The adorn; to explain in proper terms, as the figures on
scapula. A
sharp-witted, clashing fellow; a rake. — armorial ensigns. —
n. Art of drawing, or explain-
v. t. To furnish with a blade. v. i. To have, etc. — ing coats of arms; the representation on coats of
Blain, blan, n. An inflammatory swelling or sore;
I

arms; ostentatious display; publication.

a pustule; blister. Bleaberry, ble'ber-rf, n. A plant having leaves like
Blame, blam, v. t. [blamed (blamd), blaming.] To box, and purple berries.
censure, find fault with. n. —
Expression of disap- Bleach, blech, v. t. [bleached (blecht). bleaching.]
probation that which deserves censure fault; To make white, or whiter, by removing the original
wrong-doing.
;

—
Blam'able, -a-bl. a. Deserving of
;

color; to blanch. v. i. —
To grow white.
censure; culpable; reprehensible. Blam'ableness, — j

Bleak, blek, a. Orig., without"color; pale; hence, des-

n. —Blam'ably, ad c—
Blame'ful. a. Meriting blame. olate and exposed cold cheerless. n. The blay, —
—
i
; ;

Blameless, a. Without fault innocent: irre- a small, white, river fish.

—
;

proachable.— Blamelessly, adv. Blamelessness, — j

Blear, bier, a. Dim. or sore with rheum, applied to

n. —Blam'er, n. One who, etc. Blame'wor'thy, — the_eyes; causing dimness of sight, v.t. [bleared —
-wer'thf, a. Same as blamable. Blame 'wor'thi- — |

I
(blerd), blearing.] To affect with soreness of
ness, n. eyes, or a watery humor; to make dim.
—
I

Blanch. Blanc-mange. See under Blank. |

Bleat, blet, v. i. To cry as a sheep. n. The noise of,
Bland, bland, a. Pleasing by soothing qualities; mild; etc.
gentle courteous. —
Blandalion, n. Gross flattery.
j

'

Bleed, bled, v. [bled (bled), bleeding.] To lose

?'.

— ;

BlandiKoquence, n. Fair, mild, flattering speech. blood; to die by slaughter; to drop, as blood, from
— Blandish, v. t. [blandished (-isht), -ishing.] To
i

i
an incision; to lose sap, gum, or juice; to pay or
flatterby kind words or affectionate actions to lose money. —
v. t. To take blood from by opening
soften, caress. v. i. —
To act or speak affection-
;

a vein to draw money from.

—
;

Bland 'isher, n.— Blandishment, u. Words

\

ately. Blemish, blemish, v. t. [blemished (-isht), -isiiing.]

or actions of affection; artful caresses. To mark with deformity; to mar, or make defec-
Blank, blank, a. Of a white or pale color; pale from !
tive; to tarnish; defame. n. A mark of deform- —
fear; dispirited; lacking something ; empty; with- ity; spot; flaw; taint; imputation.
out mixture with anything else; pure. ?;." Avoid — Blench, blench, v. [blenched (blencht), blench-
?".

space; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize; ing.] To shrink; to start back, from lack of cour-
a paper unwritten; a blank ballot; a document, age or resolution; to flinch. v. t. To baffle, dis- —
with vacant spaces left to be filled with names, date,
j

concert, break.
etc. The white spot of a target at which aim is Blend, blend, v. t. [blended or blent, blending.]
taken. (Mech.) A
piece of metal prepared to be
]

—
To mix together, v. i. To be mixed; to be united.
made into something by a further operation. — Blende, blend, n. An ore of zinc, consisting of zinc
Blankly, adv. With paleness; confusedly; vacantly, and sulphur.
— Blank'ness, n. —
Blanch, blanch, v. t. '[blanched
j

Bless, bles, v. t. [blessed (blest) or blest, blessing.]

(blancht). blanching.] To take out the color and To make happy; to invoke a blessing upon. (Bib.) To
make white; to whiten: to make white by stripping
j

praise, or glorify, for benefits. — Bless^ed. a. Enjoy-

off the peel; to give a favorable appearance. v. i. ing happiness or bliss: favored with blessings; im-
To grow or become white. Blanc-mange, bl&N'- — parting happiness; hallowed by associations; heav-
maxzh', -manger, -ma>T/ zha, n. A preparation of I enly. —
Bless 'edness, n. State of being blessed; be-
dissolved isinglass or sea-moss, milk, sugar, etc., ! atitude; felicity; heavenly joys.
boiled till thick. Blew. See Blow.
Blanket, blanket, n. A loosely woven woolen cover, Blight, blit, n. Mildew; deca}": what frustrates plans
to protect from cold; a kind of pear. v. t. To — or withers hopes a species of plant-louse, destruc-
cover with a blanket. tive to fruit trees. v. t.
;

—
To affect with blight to ;

Blare, blar, v. i. To sound loudly; to roar. n. Xoise: — blast, frustrate.

loud sound. Blind, blind, a. Destitute of the sense of seeing; un-
Blarney, blarlrf, n. Smooth, deceitful talk; flattery. able to discern, understand, or judge; morally de-
— v. t. To deceive or flatter by smooth talk. praved indiscernible; hidden: unseen.
; 1\ t. To —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; f n, ice ; Odd, tone,
 BLINK 39 BLOWZE
deprive of bight or discernment; to obscure; t6 de- Arab
A
stock. —
hot, a. As warm as blood. hound, —
ceive.— n. Something to hinder sight or keep out
light; a screen; something to mislead the eye or un-
derstanding. —
Blindfold, a. Having the eyes cov-
n. ferocious variety of dog, of acute smell, em-
ployed to track men or animals. let'ter, n. One
who lets blood, as in diseases a phlebotomist.
— —
ered; undiscerning. v. t. —
To cover the eyes of; to -letting, n. (Med.) Act of letting blood by opening
;

hinder from seeing. Blind'ly, adv.— Blind'-inan's- — a vein venesection.— -money, -mun't, v. Money
;

buflv n. A play in which a blind-folded person paid to the next of kin to one killed by another, or
,

hunts others. —
Blind'ness, n. —
Blind'-side, n. Side to one instrumental in causing another's death. —
on which one is most easily assailed; foible.— Blind'- -relation, n. One connected by blood or descent. —
worm,-werm, n. A small reptile, like a snake, whose -root, «. A plant, named from the color of its root;
eyes are nearly imperceptible; the slow-worm. bloodwort. shed, n. The shedding of blood ;

Blink, blink, v. L To wink; to see with eyes half shut; slaughter; waste of life. shed'der, )?.— -shed'ding,
to glimmer, v. i. — To shut out of sight, avoid or ii. The crime shot, -shot'ten, a.
of, etc. Red
— A
evade, conceal. n. glimpse or glance. (Naut.)
Dazzling whiteness about the horizon reflected from
fields of ice at sea.
and inflamed by a turgid
as in diseases of the eye. spav'in. n. (Far.)
dilatation of the vein inside the hock of a horse,
—
state of tire blood-vessels,
A
Bliss, blis, n. The highest degree of happiness; felici-
—
forming a soft swelling, —-stone, n. (Mil.) green A
ty; joy. Bliss'ful, a. Full of, etc. —Blithe, bivtlie, silicious stone sprinkled with red jasper; hematite,
a. (Gay sprightly. —
Blithe'ly, adv. Blithe'ness, — a brown ore of iron. —
-suck'er, n. An animal that
— —
;

n. — Blithe'some, a. Blithe. Blithe'someness, n. sucks blood; esp. the leech. -thirst'y, a. Desir-
Blister, blis'ter, n. A thin watery bladder on the ous to shed blood, murderous. thirst'iness, n.~
skin; a tumor made by a separation of the film or -ves'sel, m. A
vessel in whicli blood circulates; an
skin, as on plants, or by swelling of the substance artery or a vein. -warm, a. — as blood; luke- Warm
at the surface, as on steel; a vesicatory; a plaster warm. wood, n. Logwood,— so called from its
applied to raise a blister. —
v. t. [blistered (-terd), color. — Blood'y flux. Dysentery. — -mind'ed, a.
-tering.] To raise blisters upon; to give pain to, Having a cruel, ferocious disposition. sweat,
as if by a blister. v. i. —
To rise in blisters. -swet, «,. The sweating
sickness, in which a dis-
Blithe, etc. See under Bliss. charge of blood accompanies a profuse perspiration.
A sudden, violent snowstorm,
Blizzard, bliz'zerd, n. Bloom, bloom, «. A
mass of crude iron from the
with high wiud and extreme cold. puddling furnace, undergoing the first hammering.
Bloat, blot, v. t. To cause to swell or become turgid; — Blom'ary, -ery, bloom r er-I, n. The first forge
to puff up, make vain; to smoke, as a herring. r. — through which iron passes after it is melted from
i. To grow turgid, as by affusion of liquid in the the ore. —
Blooming, n. Process of making blooms,
cellular membrane; to puff out; to swell. Bloat'- — , or of converting cast into malleable iron.
er, n. A
small fish, usually a herring, partially dried j
Bloom, bloom, u. A blossom the flower of a plant; ;

or smoked. the opening of flowers an opening to higher per-

;

Blobber-lip, blob'ber-lip, n. A thick lip. fection, like that of buds into blossoms powdery ;

Block, blok, n. A
solid mass of wood, stone, etc. the ; coating upon newly-gathered fruits. v.i. [bloomed —
mass of wood on which criminals are beheaded; the (bloomd), blooming.] To produce blossoms to ;

mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped a ; be in a state of growing youth and vigor;
flower.; to
mass or row of buildings; a system of pul- to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers.
leys arranged in a frame; any obstruction; Bloomer, bloom^er, n. A man-like costume for
a section of a railroad, having a telegraph- women; a woman who wears it.
ic signal at its end, so that no train can Blossom, blos'sum, n. The flower of a plant, or the
enter it until it is reported clear of preced- organs of reproduction, with their appendages.
ing trains. — v. t. [blocked (blokt), block- II v. i. [blossomed (-sumd), -soming.] To put forth
ing.] To hinder egress or passage from \| blossoms; to bloom; to flourish and prosper.
or into; to stop, obstruct; to secure or sup Blot, blot, v. t. To spot or bespatter; to stain with in-
—
port by means of blocks.
A
A
stupid fellow a dolt. house, n. (Mil.)
;

structure of heavy timber or logs for defense

—
Block-head, n. Block. famy, disgrace, disfigure
efface, destroy. n. —
to obliterate, expunge,
A
;

spot or stain; blur; an ob-

literation; a spot in reputation: disgrace; blemish.
loop-holed for musketry. — Blofter, 11. One who, or that which, blots. (Com.) A
-tin, n. Tin in blocks_or in- book for registering curreut mercantile transactions.
gots. —Blockade, blok-ad", n. Blot,ft. In the game of backgammon, a man left un-
The shutting up of a place covered and liable to be taken up.
by troops or ships, to compel Blotch, bloch, v. t. [blotched (blocht), blotching.]
a surrender from want, with- To blacken to spot. ft.
;
— A spot on the skin a pus- ;

out regular attacks, —v. t. To tule or eruption.

shut up by troops or ships, Blouse, Blowse, blowz, n. A loose over-garment;
etc.; to confine. Blockad'er,— smock-frock.
n. Block-house. Blow, bio, )). A blossom; a flower; a bed of flowers.
Blomary. See under Bloom. — v. i. To flower or bloom; to produce, cause to
Blonde, blond, n. One having fair complexion and blossom.
light hair and eyes. a. —
Of a fair color or com- Blow, bio, «. Act of striking stroke a sudden or ; ;

plexion; fair. severe calamity.

Blood, blud, n. The fluid in the arteries and veins; rela- Blow, bio, v. i. [imp. blew p. p. blown; blowing.]
tion by_ natural descent; kindred; lineage, esp. — To produce a current of air with the mouth; to
;

honorable birth the shedding of blood murder; move, as air; to breathe hard or quick, pant, puff;
;

temper of mind; disposition; excited feeling; pas-

;

to sound on being blown into to brag. v. t. To ;

—
sion; a man of fire or spirit; juice of anything, drive a current of air upon, or drive by a current
esp. if red. (Stock breeding.) Descent from parents of air; to sound, as a wind instrument; to spread
of recognized breed, —in horses, descent from Arab by report, publish; to deposit, as eggs by flies; to
stock, —
v.t. To let blood from; to bleed; to stain form by inflation; to swell by injecting air to put ;

with blood; to inure to blood, as a hound. Blood'- — out of breath. n. — An

egg deposited by a fly in
ed, a. Having pure blood; of the best stock.—
Blood'y, -I a. Stained with, or containing, blood;
,
flesh; the act of depositing it. (N'atit.)
wind; a gale. —Blowy, bloM, a. Windy.
violent
BloWer, —A
attended with bloodshed; murderous, —v. t. To n. One who blows; a smelter. (3Iech.) contriv- A
stain with blood. —
Bloodily, -T-1Y, adv.— Bloodi- ance for driving a current of air into something; a
ness, n. State of being, etc. ; bloodthirstiness. — steam-jet to partially exhaust a chimney and cre-
Bloodless, a. Without blood; dead; without shed- ate a blast-draught. A
screen of metal to increase
ding blood; without spirit. Blood'lessly, adv. — — the draught through a fire or in a flue.
Elood'bousht, a. Procured at the cost of blood- Blowse. See Blouse.
— Guilty of murder. Blowze, blowz, n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. —
shed.
ness, «. —
-guilt' y, a. guilti-
heat,?i. Heat equal to the temperature
of blood,— about 98 J Fahr. horse, n. A horse of
Blowzed, blowzd, Blow'zy, a.
ruddy-faced.
Coarse, fat, and

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 BLUBBER 40 BOGEY
Blubber, blub'ber, re. The fat of whales, etc., yield- Boar, bor, The male of swine uot castrated; the re.

ing Oil.— V. L [BLUBBERED (,-berd), -BERING.] To wild hog. — Boar 'ish. a. Swinish; brutal.
weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face. v. t. Board, bord. re. A piece of timber sawed thin; a table
to put food upon; food; entertainment, — usually
.

To swell the face with weeping. I

Bludgeon, bluj'un, n. A short cudgel with one end as furnished for pay; a council, or any authorized
loaded. j
assembly or meeting. {Xaut.) The deck of a ves-
Blue, blu, re. The color of the clear sky; one of the sel; interior of a vessel; side of a ship: line over
Erimary colors, (pi-) Low spirits: melancholy which a ship runs between tack and tack. table A
lue-dcvils. —
a. Of the color called blue low in
;

for a game; paper made thick and stiff like a board.

— —
.;

spirits; over-strict in morals, v. t. [blued (blud), {iA.) The stage in a theater. v.t. To lay, spread,
bluing.] To make blue: to dye of a blue color; to or cover with boards; to go on board of, or enter; to
—
temper (iron) until it is blue. Bluely, adv. With a
i

furnish with food for compensation; to place at

blue color. —
Blue'ness, re.— Blu'ish, a. Somewhat board, for compensation. v. i. —
To obtain food
blue.— Blu'ing, n. Act of rendering blue: something statedly for compensation. —
Board'er, n. One who
—
,

to give a blue tint, as indigo. Blue'bell, n. A takes and pays for meals at another's table. {Saul.)
plant bearing blue bell-shaped flowers. berry, re.
I

One who boards a ship. Boarding, n. — casing A

—
\

A kind of whortleberry. bird, re. A

small Amer- made of boards. Board/ing-house, re. house for A
ican bird, resembling the English robin. book, re.
j

I
boarders. school, -skool, re. A
school where pu-
A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue pils have board and lodging. —
Board 'wa'ges, n. pi.
A An
paper covers. [Eng.]
ment employ. [Amer.'] —
list of persons in govern-
bot'tle, n. A
plant which food.
grows among corn, and has blue bottle-shaped flow- Boast, bost, v. i. To vaunt one's self; to brag. v. t.
allowance to servants to purchase their own

—
ers: a fly, with a large blue belly. breast, re. small ATo speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation; to mag-
—
European bird. : devils, -dev'lz, n.pl. Lowness of nify or exalt one's self.
!
re. ' Expression of ostenta- —
spirits; hypochondria. fish, re. An edible salt tion, etc.; the cause of boasting. —Boast'' ful, -ful, a.
1

water game fish; a name sometimes applied to the Given to boasting. !

Boast'fully, -ingly, adv. — —
dolphin. grass, re. A
valuable pasture-grass, in- Boast 'fulness, n.
digenous to the limestone region of Kentucky. —
Boat, bot, re.
I

small open vessel; any vessel. A v.t. —

-gum tree, re. The Eucalyptus globulus, of Austra- To transport in a boat. v. i. To go in a boat. —
lia. yielding a resin resembling kino. light, -lit, re. Boat '-bill, re. A
wading-bird of South America, hav-
A composition burning with a blue flame, used as a ing a bill like a boat keel uppermost. hook, -h6"bk,
|

A
A
firework or a night signal at sea. mass, re. {Med.)
preparation of mercury and conserve of roses,
from which blue pills are made.
n.
boat.
{yaut.)
—
hook on a pole, to pull or push a
man. re. One who manages a boat.
!

bo'sn, n. An officer who has charge of a ship's boats,

swain, —
pe'ter, re. {Brit-
ish Marine). A
blue flag with a white square in the sails, rigging, etc.
center, used as a signal for sailing. pill, n. {Med.) Bob, bob, re. Anything that plays loosely, or with
A
— pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc.
stock'ing, re.
-stone, -vit'riol, n.
A
literary lady a female pedant.
;

{Chem.) Sulphate of copper,

jerks; bait used in angling; the' ball of a pendulum
—
or plumb-line. v. t. [bobbed (bobd), bobbing.]
To move in a short, jerking manner; to strike with
—
used as a caustic. a quick, light blow to gain by fraud, delude ; to :

Bluff, bluf, a. Rude or coarse ; blustering roughly

: have the haircut short. v. i. To have a jerking
frank; outspoken; steep; bold.— n. A
bank pre- motion; to angle with a bob, or with jerks of the
senting a precipitous front; a game of cards. v. t. —
bait.
—
To frighten or deter; to repel bv gruff ness. Bluff '- Bobbin, bob'bin, re. kind of spool on which thread A
ness, re. —Bluffy, a. Having bluffs. is wound; round tape.— Bobbinet, bob-bin-ef or
Blunder, blun'der, v. i. [blundered (-derd), -der- bob'bin-et, re. kind of lace wrought by machines. A
ing.] To mistake grossly; to err through want of Boblincoln, bob-lin'kun, Bob'olink. re. The rice-bird,
care. v.t. To confuse, mix together. re.— A gross rice-bunting, reed-bird; an American singing-bird.
mistake; error; bull. —
Blun'derer, re. — j

Blun'der- Bob-white, boo'whit', re. The American partridge or

head, -hed, re. A
stupid fellow. quail, namedjrom its note. —
Blunderbuss, blun'der-bus, re. A
short gun, with large Bock-beer, bok'ber, re. strong kind of lager beer. A
bore for a number of balls, not requiring exact aim; Booking, bok'ing, re. kind of^baize or drugget. A
a stupid, blundering fellow. Bode, bod, v.t. To indicate by signs; to portend,
Blunt, blunt, a. Having a thick edge or point; dull; foreshow.
I

v. i.
j
To foreshow, presage. —
dull in understanding; abrupt in address: uncere- Bodice, Boddice, bod'is, re. Stays; a corset.
'

monious. — v. t. To dull the edge or point of; to Bodkin, bod'kin, re. \

dagger; a pointed instrument A
repress or weaken, as appetite, desire, etc. for making holes, etc., or for drawing tape through
I

Blur, bier, re. That which obscures without effacing; loops. i

a stain; blot; a dim, confused appearance. r."t. —

Body, bod'T, re. The material substance of an animal:
j

[blurred (blerd), blurring.] To obscure without the principal part, in distinction from parts less im
!

quite effacing; to cause imperfect vision in; to dim port ant; a person; a collective mass of individuals;
to blemish, disgrace, sullv. a corporation a number of particulars taken to- ;

Blurt, blert, v. t. To utter suddenly or unadvisedly; gether; a system; any mass or portion of matter.
to divulge inconsiderately.
Blush, blush, v. i. [blushed (blusht), blushing.] To
(Paint.) Consistency: thickness. v. t. [bodied —
(bod'id), bodying.] "To produce in definite shape;
have a rosy color; to redden in the face, as from to embody. Bod'ily, a. Having a body corpo- —
shame, confusion, or modest v. n. — A
rosv tint; a real; pert/to the body. adv. Corporeally; entirely; —
;

red color suffusing the face; sudden appearance; completely. —

Bod'y-clothes, -klothz, re. pi. Clothing
glance; view. for the body. color, -kuKer, n. {Paint.) Color
Bluster, blus'ter, v. i. that has body, or consistence, in distinction fr. a
[blustered (-terd), -ter- tint or wash, —-guard, -gard. re. guard to protect A
ing.] To blow fitfully the person; life-guard. politic, re. state in its A
with violence and noise; political capacity. snatcher, -snach'er, n. One
to talk noisily, swagger. who robs graves of bodies.
— n. Noise and violence; Boeotian, be-o'shan. a. Pert, to Boeotia to its bad ;

threatening talk; boister- climate; or to its dull and stupid inhabitants.

ousness; turbulence; Dutch colonist of South Africa. A
boasting; bullving. — Boer, boor, re.
Bog, n. quagmire marsh morass. A v. t. To —
Blus'terer. re. A
swag- whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. Bog'gy, a.
; ;

gerer; a bully.
Containing boss: swampy.
Boa, bo'a, n. A genus of
isoa-constrictor.
Bogey, Bogy, bo'gi. Bogle, bo'gl, Boggle, bog'gl. re.
serpents; a round fur tip-
— A
hobgoblin: bugbear; specter; a nursery demon.
pet, shaped like a boa-constrictor. Bo'a-constric'- Bo'gie, Bo'gy, re. —
small hand-car on railroads; A
tpr, -kon-strik'ter, re. A
large serpent of tropical a four-wheeled truck under a locomotive: an iron
America, which crushes its prey in its coils.
box to receive slag from a puddling furnace. Bog'- —
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 BOGUS 41 BOOMERANG-
gle. [boggled (-gld), boggling.] To hesitate of,by giving a bond. — Bond' age, n. State of being
if frightened; to wave vacillate, shrink. under restraint; obligation. (Old Eng. Law.) Vil-
Bogus, bo'gus, a. Spurious counterfeit. ; lenage. — Bonded goods. Goods left in charge of cus-
Bohea, bo-he', n. An inferior kind of black or green toms officers, — bonds being given for the payment
tea black tea in general. of duties upon them. ware'house, n. A place
where bonded goods are stored. — Bond'maid, n. A
;

Bohemian, bo-he'mi-an, a. Pert, to Bohemia or its

inhabitants, to gypsies, or to hack-writers for the female slave. man, n. A man slave. (Old Eng.
— A
native of Bohemia; a gypsy; a needy Law.) A villain, or tenant in villenage. serv'ant,
press. n.
writer, politician, artist, etc., who lives Dy his wits.
Boil, boil, v. i. [boiled (boild), boilixg.] To be agi-
n.
in slavery.
—
A slave. service,?*. Slavery. slave,/;. One
stone, n. (Masonry A stone running-
/)
tated by the action of heat to bubble, effervesce;
to be hot or fervid; to be excited; to suffer boiling
in liquid. v. t.—To cause to bubble by heat to
;

;
—
through the thickness of a wall to bind it together.
tim-'ber, n. A beam worked into a wall to tie or
strengthen it longitudinally. —Bondsman, bondz'-
form by boiling; tu subject to the action of heat in man, n. ; pi. -men. A bondman. (Law.) A surety;
a boiling liquid. —
Bottler, n. One who boils a ; one who gives security for another. worn an. n. A
vessel in which anything is boiled. (Mech.) me- A woman slave.
tallic vessel in which steam is generated. Boil'- — Bone, bon, n. (Anat.) A hard whitish substance, com-
ery, n. A
place and apparatus for boiling. Boil , - — posing the skeleton; an integral portion of the skele-
ing, n. Act or state of agitation by heat; ebullition; ton. — a. Made of bone. v. t. —
[boxed (bond),
act of subjecting to the action of heat. boxing.] To take out bones from; to put whalebone
Boil, boil, n. A
small inflamed tumor, which com- into. — Bo'ny, -nl, a. Consisting of, full of, or pert,
—
monly suppurates, formerly written bile. to, bones having large or prominent bones.
;

Boisterous, bois'ler-us, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; Boneset, bon'set, n. A medicinal plant; thorough wort.
noisy^ roaring. —
Bois'terousness, n. Bonfire, bon'tir, n. Afire to express public exultation,
Bold, hold, a. Forward to meet danger exhibiting ; or for amusement.
or requiring spirit and daring; audacious; forward; Bonito, bo-ne'to, n. A fish of the tunny kind.
impudent; taking liberties in expression; markedly Bonmot, box'mo, n. A witty repartee a jest. [F.]
conspicuous steep or abrupt.
; Bold'ness, n. — Bonne, bon, n. A child's nurse. [F.]
;

Bole, bol, n. The body or stem of a tree. A kind of Bonnet, bon'net, n. A covering for the head.
fine, compact, or earthy clay. Bonny, bon^nT, a. Handsome gay plump weil- ;

Bolero.bo-la'ro, n. A
Spanish dance.
|

|
formed. —Bon'nily, adv.
; ;

Boll, bol, n. The pod or capsule of a plant a peri- ;

'

Bonny-clabber, bon , nt-klab / ber, «. Sour buttermilk;

carp; a Scotch measure, containing 2, 4, or 6 bush- the thick part of soured milk.
els. — v. i. To form into a seed-vessel.
!

Bon ton, box tox. The height of the fashion fash-

-

Bologna sausage, bo-lon'ya-saw-saj. A sausage of ionable society. [F.]

various meats and pork suet. Bonus, bo^nus, n. (Law.) A premium given for a loan,
Bolster, boKster, n. A long pillow or cushion; a pad; charter, etc. An extra dividend paid out of ac-
compress.— v. t. [bolstered (-sterd), -sterixg.] cumulated profits; a sum paid to an agent, above a
To support with a bolster to hold up, maintain. ; share in profits or stated compensation. [L.]
Bolt, bolt, n. An arrow; dart a strong pin, to hold Booby, boo'Di, n. A water-fowl allied to the pelican;
;

something in place; a thunder-bolt the brown gannet; a dunce; stupid fellow.

shackle 28 ells of canvas.
; v. t. To —
Book, bo~6k, n. A collection of sheets of paper, etc.,
; I

fasten with a bolt, restrain; to blurt out; bound together; a literary composition, written or
to swallow without chewing. v. i. To —
printed; a subdivision of a literary work. (Met:)
start forth like a bolt, move abruptly, A volume in which accounts are kept. v. t. —
spring suddenly aside to desert, as" [booked (botikt), bookix'g.] To enter, or register
party or organization. adv. With
;

— a book. Book'ish, a. Given to reading more m —

—
;

sudden meeting or collision perpen- acquainted with books than with men.
; Book''-
dicularly. bind'er, n. One who binds books. bind'ery, n.
Bolt, bolt, v. t. To sift to separate, as-
; A place for binding, etc. bind'ing, n. Art or
sort, or purify; to examine closely. practice of, etc. case, n. case with shelves A
Bolus, bo'lus, n. (Med.) rounded mass A ; for holding books. (Bind.) book-cover. A cov'-
a large pill. er, n. (Bind.) A
case for a book a cover of cloth
Bomb, bum, n. (Mil.) A
hollow iron ball or other material prepared for casing a book.
;

—
filled with explosives to be discharged -keep'er, n. One who keeps accounts. keep'ing,
from a mortar. — Bombard, bum-bard'', n. Art of recording mercantile transactions and
v. t. To attack with bombs. Bombard'- — keeping accounts. learned, -lerncl, a. Versed in
ment, n. An attack with bombs. books; ignorant of life. learn'ing, n. Learning
Bombast, bum^bast, n. Orig., cotton or acquired by reading,— esp. as opp. to practical knowl-
soft material used as padding; hence, an edge. mak'er, n. One who writes and publishes
books; a compiler; a sporting man who makes a rec-
inflated style; fustian.— o. High-sound-
ing turgid.
;

etc.— Bombastically, adv.

—
Bombastic, a. Characterized ord of bets. —
mak'ing, n. The practice of, etc. com-
pilation systematized betting.
; mark.//. Some-
;

Bombazet, -zette, bum'ba-zet'', Bom'bazine', -sine, thing placed in a book by which to find a particular
-sin, -zen', n. A twilled fabric, with silk warp and place. plate, n. Alabel'indicating ownership, place
worsted weft. in a library, etc., usually on the inside of the cover of
Bona fides, bo 'n a fi'dez. Good faith; sincerity.— a book. post, n. The post-office arrangement by
Bona fide, -fi'de. In good faith really. [L.] ; which books are mailed. sell'er, n. One who
Bonanza, bo-nan'za, n. A sudden widening in a sells books.— -shelf, n. A
shelf to hold books.—
vein of silver; a successful venture, esp. in gold — -shop, -stall, -store, n. A
place for selling books.
or silver mining. -stand, n. A
stand for selling books in the streets;
Bonbon, box'box", n. Sugar confectionery a sugar- ; book-stall; a support to hold books. worm, n. A
plum. worm or mite that eats holes in books one exces- ;

Bond, bond, w. That which r~r - i i

i i i i sively addicted to study.
binds, fastens, or con- ,
'
. ,
1

, ,
I

,
,
1, Boom, boom, n. A
spar tor extending the bottom of
fines; a binding force or i
'

i i i
'
sails; a chain cable or connected line of spars, cross-
influence. (Law.) A '
_ .'
'"^ '
ing a river or other water; a pole set up in shallow
writing by which one English Bond. water, to mark out the channel; in business, a strong
binds himself, his heirs, ___^^_ demand for a commodity; an earnest popular in-
executors, etc., to pay a ' ' i i i
- terest in behalf of some measure. v. i. [boomed
sum. (Arch.) Union or - (boomd), booming.] To rush violently, as a ship
H
' ' *
t

tie of stones or bricks in a

) I t i
* under press of sail.
—
i i i i

wall. a. In a state of -—•' -^ -.- J^-iJ-^-i .]_.. Boom, boom, n. A

hollow roar; the cry of the bittern.
servitude or captivity.— .
" — v. i. To niake a hollow sound, roar, or cry.
v. t. To secure payment * lemish Bond. Boomerang, boom'er-ang, n. A
missile weapon of

sim, cube, full ; moon, ffiot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboxT , chair, get.
 BOON 42 BOW
the natives of Australia, which describes remark- two. — co»j., used first of two coordinate
before the
able curves, and falls near the thrower. words or phrases, followed bv and before the other.
Boon, boon, n. Gift; benefaction; grant: prayer or Bother, both'er, v. t. [bothered (-era), -erixg.] To
petition. —
a. Gay; jovial; kind: bountiful. tease or perplex. n. —
One who, or that which,
Boor, boor, a. A countryman: peasant; clown; a bothers state of perplexity or annoyance.— Both'-
rude and illiterate person. —
Boorish, a. .Like a
;

era'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Both'- —

boor; clownish: illiterate. —
Boorlshness, n. ersome, -er-sum, a. Causing bother.
Boose. Booze. Bouze. booz, w. i. To drink excessively; Bots, Botts, bots. n. pi. (Entom.) Small worms found
to guzzle. —
Boo'sy.-zy, -zl, a. Intoxicated; silly; in the intestines of horses. Bot'-fly. The insect —
fuddled. whose eggs produce bots.
Boost, boost, v. t. To lift or push from behind. Bottle, bot'l, n. A
narrow-mouthed vessel for hold-
Boot; boot, v. t. To profit: to advantage. n. Differ- — ing liquors; the contents of one. v. t. [bottled —
ence given to equalize an exchange; profit. Boot- — (-tld), -tlixg.] To inclose in bottles.
less, a. Unavailing unprofitable.
: Boot'lessly, — Bottom, bot'um, n. The lowest part of a thing; foun-
adv. —
Boot'lessness, n. dation: base; low alluvial land along a river; aval-
Boot, boot. //. A covering for the foot and leg: a rack ley. (Xaul.) The keel of a vessel: the vessel itself.
for the leg, to torture criminals; a leather-covered Power of endurance: stamina; dress or grounds.
receptacle on a coach; a cover for a carriage, against v.t. [bottomed (-tumd), -tomixg.] To found or
rain and mud; {pi.) a servant who blacks boots. build; to furnish with a seat or bottom. v.i. To —
v.t. To put boots on.— Boot ''-crimp, n. frame for A be based. —
Bot'tomless, a. Without a bottom
shaping boots. — -jack, n. An instrument for drawing fathomless. —
Bot'tomry, -rT, n. (Mar. Law.) A
;

off boots. tree, -last, n. A block to stretch bootsT contract by which a ship is bound as security for re-
Booth, booth, n. A temporary shelter ; slight hut. paymentof money.
Booty, boofi , a. Spoil taken in war, or by violence; Boudoir. boo'dwgr, n. A lady's private room.
plunder. Bough, bow, n. An arm or large branch of a tree.
Bopeep, bo-pep'', n. A children's play. Bought. See Buy.
Borax, bo'raks. n. (Cheat.) Biborate of soda; a salt Bougie, boo-zhe"', n. (Surg.) A long, flexible instru-
formed by combination of boracic acid with soda. ment, introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc.,
— Bo'rate, n, A salt formed by combination of to remove obstructions.
boracic acid with a base. —
Bo'ron, n. An elemen- Boulevard, boo-le-var', n. Orig. a bulwark; a broad
tary substance, allied to carbon, the base of boracic public walk or street.
acid. Bounce, bowns, v. i. [bounced (bownst), bouncing.]
Border, bSr'der, n. The outer part or edge of any- To leap or spring suddenly; to beat or thump. v. —
thing verge; brim: boundarv.
; v.i. [bordered— t. To drive violently against anything. n. A sud- —
(-derd), -derixg.] To touch "at the edge; to be ad- den leap or bound: a heavy, sudden blow or thump;
jacent; to come near to. —
v. t. To make, or adorn a bold lie. —
Boun'cing, a. Plump and healthy;
with, a border: to touch at the edge. Bor'derer, n. — lusty.
One who dwells on a border. —
Bor'der-land, n. Bound, bownd. n. External line of any object or
Land on the frontiers; debatable land. space, limit, confine, boundary. — v. t. To limit,
Bore, bor, v. t. [bored (bord), borixg.] To perfo- terminate, restrain, circumscribe: to give the boun-
rate or penetrate: to form a round hole in; to weary daries of. —
Bound'ary, -a-rT. n. That which fixes a
by tedious iteration or dullness; to vex. v. i. To — limit, —
esp. a visible mark. Boundless, a. With- —
pierce or enter by boring to be pierced or pene- out bounds unlimited infinite.
—
: : :

trated by a turning instrument: to carry the nose to Bound, bownd, n. A leap: spring; jump. r. i. To
the ground, —
said of a horse. n. —
The hole made move forward by leaps: rebound, as an elastic ball.
by boring: cavity of a fire-arm caliber one who, ; ; Bound, bownd, «" Destined; tending; going, or in-
or that which, wearies by repetition or dullness. tending to go. etc.
(Physical Geog.) A
tidaf flood at the mouths of Bound. Bounden. See Bixd.
some rivers a high and rapid flow.
; Bounty, bown'ti, n. Goodness liberality munifi- ; ;

Bore, Born. See Bear. cence; that which is given liberally; a premium to
Boreal, bo're-al, a. Xortkern; pert, to the north or encourage some object. Boun'teous, -te-us, a. —
north wind. Disposed to give freely generous. Boun'tiful, ;
—
Borough, bur'ro, n. An incorporated town in Eng., ; -fill, a. Free iu giving.
a town that sends members to parliament; in Scot., Bouquet, bob-ka', n. A nosegay bunch of flowers a ; ;

a body corporate, with certain jurisdiction. perfume or aromatic odor.

Borrow, bor'ro, v. t. [borrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To Bourgeois, bur-jois', a. (Print.) kind of type, in A
take on trust, with the intention of repaying; to size between long primer and brevier.
take from another for one's own use: to appropriate.
Bosh, bosh, n. Mere show; empty talk; folly.
jg§= This line is in bourgeois type.
Bosom, bot/'zum, n. The breast of a human being; Bourgeois, b6or-zhwaw r , n. man of
In France, a
the seat of the passions, affections, etc.: embrace; middle rank in society a citizen. — Bourgeoisie,
affectionate inclosure; inclosed place: interior; the' boor-zhwaw-ze / ', «.
;

The middle classes, — esp.

part of the dress over the breast, a. Intimate — fa- ; those concerned in trade.
miliar; dear. —v. t. [bosomed (-zumd), -omixg.] To Bourgeon, ber'jun, c. i. To put forth buds; to shoot
inclose in the bosom, keep with care, hide from forth, as a branch.
view, embosom.
_ bound; limit; A
Bourn, Bourne, born or boorn, n.
Boss, bos, n. Aprotuberant ornament stud knob. : : eoal. A stream rivulet burn. ; ;

(Jlech.) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a Bourse, boors, «. A merchants' exchange; in France,
wheel is keyed, or where it is coupled to another; the money market.
a swage or die for shaping metals. v. t. To orna-— Bout, bowt, ;?. conflictA trial as much of an ac- ; ;

ment with bosses; to stud. tion as is performed at one time a turn. ;

Boss, bos. n. Amaster workman or superintendent. Bovine, bo'vin, a. Pert, to cattle of the ox kind.
— r. i. & t. To direct, superintend. Bow, bow. v. t. [bowed (bowd), bowing.] To bend,
Botany, bofa-ni, n. Science of the structure, classifi- make crooked or curved; to turn from a nat-
inflect,
cation, etc., of plants.— Botanic, -ical. bo-tanlk-al, ural condition; to bend in respect, homage, conde-
a. Pert, to botany: relating to, or containing, plants. scension, etc.; to depress, subdue. v. i. To bend, —
— Botan'ically, arh: —
Botanist, bot'an-istTw. One in token of reverence, civility, etc. n. An incli- —
skilled in, etc. —
Bot'anize, w. i. [botaxized (-Izd), nation of the head or body, in" token of respect, etc.
-izix-g.] To seek for and investigate plants. Bow, bow, n. (Xaut.) The curving forepart of a
Botch, boch, n. An ulcerous affection. patch of A ship; prow; the bow-oar.— Bow'er, n. (Xaut.) An
a garment ; work done bunglingly a clumsy per- anchor carried at the ship's bow, the second in size.
formance. — ?'. t. [BOTCHED (bo'cht), BOTCHIX'G.]
;

— Bowline, bolin, n. rope which keeps the A

To mend or patch clumsily ; to exDress or perform weather edse of a sail tight forward when the ship
bunglingly. is close-hauled. —
-oar, bow'or, n. The oar near-
—
Both. both. 'a. & pron. The one and the other; the est the bow of a boat; the one who pulls it. -sprit.

fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 BOW 43 BRASH
bo- or bow-, n. A
spar projecting from the bow. of planation, note, etc.; crotchets. v. t. To place —
a ship. —
sometimes called boltsprit. within, connect, or support by, brackets.
Bow, bo, n. Anything bent: a weapon by which an Brackish, brak'ish, a. Saltish.
arrow is propelled; an instrument having a curved Brad, brad, n. A
nail with little or no head. Brad'- —
form, as a riddle-stick. —
Bow-com'passes, -kum'- awl, n. An awl to make holes for inserting
pa.s-ez, n.pl. Com- brads.
passes with a n «e9GGWI brag, v. i. [bragged (bragd), -gixg.] To
archedplate on praise one's self, or one's belongings, ostenta-
one leg, upon Bow-compass.
tiously; to boast, bluster, vaunt. n. boast — A
which the other or boasting; thing boasted of; a game at cards.
lee slides; compasses furnished with a bow-pen. — Brag'gado'cio, -do'shr-o, n. braggart A
-drill, n. A
drill revolved bv a bow and string.— boaster; empty boasting. Brag'gart, n. — A
;

-hand, n. (Archery.) The hand holding the bow, boaster. a —

Boastful. Brag'ger, n.
. —
the left hand. (JIus.) The hand drawing the bow, Brahma, bra/ma, n. (Jli/th.) The first person
rizht hand. knot, -not, n. knot tied with a bow A in the trinity of the Hindoos; the creator.—
or loop of string, and readily loosened. —-legged, Brab/man, -min, «. One of the upper or sa-
-legd, a. curved outwards.
Having man, n.
legs cerdotal caste among the Hindoos.
One who uses a bow; an archer. net, w. An ar- Braid, brad, r. t. To weave or entwine to-
rangement of wicker baskets for catching lobsters, gether; to plat; to mingle by rubbing in some-
etc." pen, n. A thing fluid or soft. n. — A
string, cord, etc., Brad,
land o f ruling- woven from different strands.
pen. saw, n. Brail, bral, n. (Falconry.) piece of leather to A
A narrow-bladed iSow-pen. bind a hawk's wing. pi. (Xaut.) Eopes to haul
saw for cutting up,_or truss up, sails, for furling. v. t. [brailed —
curves. shot, a The distance a bow shoots an (braid), brailixg.] To haul up into, or truss up
arrow. string n. The string which bends a with, the brails.
bow. —
v. t. To' strangle with a bow-string, a — Brain, bran, n. (Anat.) The whitish, soft mass in
Turkish mode of execution. the upper cavity of the skull, which is considered
Bowel, bow'el, n. One of the intestines; an entrail; the center of sensation and perception; the anterior
the interior part of anything; the seat of pity; com- or cephalic ganglion in invertebrate animals. The
passion. v. t.— To take out the bowels of. understanding. v. t. —
To dash out the brains of;
Bower, bow'er, n. One of the two highest cards in to destroy —
Brainless, a. Without understanding.
euchre, —
the highest being the Right bower, the Brake, brak, n. (Bot.) A
fern of different genera.
knave of the trump suit; the next the Left bower, A place overgrown with brakes, canes, brambles,
the other knave of the same color as the trump. A etc.: a thicket.
chamber; a country-seat: cottage; a covered place in Brake, brak, n. An instrument to break flax or hemp;
a garden ; arbor. "— Bow'ery, a. Covering, as a the handle for working a pump or fire-engine a :

bower; containing bowers. frame for confining horses while being shod; an in-
Bowl, bol, n. A concave vessel to hold liquids; the closure for cattle, horses, etc.; a heavy harrow for
hollow part of anything. breaking clods after plowing an appliance for ;

Bowl, bol, n. A ball. r. {. —

[bowled (bold), bowl- checking motion of wheels, machinery, etc., by
ixg.] To roll, as a bowl to pelt with anything friction a light wagon used in breaking horses. —
—
;

—
;

rolled. v.i. To play with bowls; to roll the bail v. t. To apply brakes, esp. to wheels of a railroad
on a level plain to "move rapidly, smoothly, and
; train.
like a ball. Bramble, bram'bl, n. A shrub of the genus Bubm,
Bowlder, Boulder, boKder, n. A large pebble. (Geol.) including the raspberry and blackberry; any rough,
A mass oi rock that has been transported by nat- prickly shrub.
ural agencies from its native bed. Bramin. See Brahman, under Brahma.
Bos, boks, n. A case or receptacle: the quantity that Bran, bran, n. The coat of the seed of wheat, rye,
a box contains; an inclosed space with seats in a etc., separated from the flour by bolting refuse
theater, etc.: a money-chest; a small house. (JIach.) sifted out of flour or meal. Bran'-new, corrupt, of — ;

A cylindrical, hollow iron, in which an axle-tree brand-new.

runs: a tube in a pump, closed with a valve; the Branch, branch, n. A limb; a bough growing from a
bucket of a lifting pump. The driver's seat on a stem, or from another bough; a part extended from
carriage; a present. (Bot.) tree or shrub, the A the main body of a thing, as a stream running into
dwarf variety of which is used for borders in gar- a larger one; a ramification a section or subdivis-
dens. —
v. t.
'
[boxed (bokst), boxixg.] To inclose ion department; a line of family descent, in dis-
;
;

in a box: to furnish with boxes. tinction fr. other lines fr. the same stock. (Law.)
Box, boks, n.
—
A
blow with the hand on the ear or A warrant or commission given to a pilot. i\ i. —
head. v. t. & i. To fight with the fist. [braxched (brancht). branching.] To spread in
Boxhaul, boks'hawl, v. t. [boxhauled (-hawld), ^ranches, ramify; to divide into subdivisions, —v.
boxhaulixg.] (Xaut.) To wear, as a ship, when fk. To divide as into branches.
close-hauled, short round on to the other tack.
— Brand, brand, n. A
burning or partly burnt stick; a
Boy, boi,n. A
male child; a lad. Boy'hood, -hot>d, sword, so called from its glittering brightness; an
n. State of a boy. or immaturity of age. Boy'ish,
— — iron used for burning a mark; a distinctive mark
a. Like a boy childish puerile. Boyishly, adv. made by burning with hot iron quality; kind;
— Boy'ishness, n.
; ;

a mark of infamy; stigma. r. i. To impress a — •

;

Brace, bras, n. A
prop or support. (Carp.) tim- A mark with hot iron to stigmatize as infamous.
ber crossing a corner from one timber to another. — Brand'ing-iron, Brand'iron. -i'ern. n.
;

iron An
(Print.) A curved line connecting words or lines: used to brand with. —
Brand'-new, a. Quite new,
tn boll,\ (Xaut.) A rope reeved through a block as if fresh from the fire, —
written also bran- and
' bowl.) at the end of a yard. A pair or couple; brent new. —-goose, n. See Brant.
a strap, supporting a carriageon wheels; a bit-stock: Brandish, bran'dish, v. t. [braxdished (-dishy, -dish-
state of being braced or tight, (pi.) Straps to sus- ING.] To wave, as a weapon; to shake or flourish.
tain pantaloons, etc.; suspenders. r. t. [braced —n. A
flourish, as with a weapon, whip. etc.
(brast), bracixg.] To furnish with braces, support, Brandy, bran'dT, n. An
ardent spirit distilled from
prop to tighten. (Xaut.) To move around by
; wine or other liquors.
means of braces. Branlin, branlin, n. A
fish of the salmon kind.
Bracelet, bras'let, n. A
wrist ornament defensive ; Brant, brant, n. A
species of wild goose, called also
armor for the arm. brand-goose and brent-goose. Brant'-fox. n. — A
Bracken, brak'en, Fern. n. kind of Swedish fox. —
Bran'tail, n. The red
Bracket, brak'et, (Arch. & Engin.)
w. A support start, a bird similar to the nightingale.
projecting from a wall or other surface. (.pZ.) Brash, brash, a. Hasty in temper. Brittle, as wood.
(Xaut.) Short, cooked timbers, resembling knees. —//. Refuse boughs of trees: truck; trash. (Geol.)
(Print.) Hooks [ ] used to inclose a reference, ex- Broken t'rau'ment> of rocks underlvins alluvial de-
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 44 BREVET
posits. Broken fragments of ice. {Med.) A rash Bream, brem, n. A name for three kinds of fish, found
or eruption. respectively in Europe, North America, and the sea.
Brass, bras, n. A
yellow alloy of copper and zinc; Breast, brest, n. The part of the body between neck
impudence; a brazen face. pi. Utensils, ornaments, and belly; protuberant glands, in females, in which
etc., made of brass; esp. plates attached to monu- milk is secreted the seat of consciousness, affec-
ments, bearing figures. —
Brass'y, a. Of, or pert, tions, and passions
;

the heart. v. t. To bear —

—
;

to, etc.; as, etc.; of the color of, etc.j impu-

hard the breast against to oppose. BreaBt'ing, n.
dently bold. — Brass'iness, w. — Braze, braz, v.
;

t. (Engin.) The curved channel in which a breast-

To solder, or cover or ornament with, etc.; to harden wheel turns. —
Breast'-bone, n. The bone of the
to impudence. — Brazen, bra'zn, a. Pert, to, or breast; sternum. hook, n. (Naut.) knee-shaped A
made of, brass; impudent. — v. To be impudent t. timber in the stem of a ship, to keep the bows to-
or defiant. — Bra'zenly, adv. — Brassier, Bra'zier, gether. knot, -not, n. knot of ribbons worn A
-zher, n. An artificer m brass; a pan to hold coals. on the breast. pin, n. pin for fastening or A
— Brass band. A
company of performers on brass ornament; a brooch. plate, n. Defensive armor
musical instruments. leaf, n. Brass in thin sheets. worn upon the breast; a strap across a horse's breast.
Brat, brat, n. A contemptuous name for a child. (Jewish Antiq.) A
part of the high priest's vest-
Brave, brav, a. Of noble courage; bold, with gener- ment. plow, -plough, n. plow, driven by the A
osity and dignity excellent beautiful.
; n. ; — A breast, to cut turf. rail, n. The upper rail of a
brave person esp., an Indian warrior; a hector a
bully. —
;

v.*. [braved (bravd), braving.] To en-

;

—
balcony or of the breastwork on a quarter-deck.
wheel, n. A
water-wheel, which receives the
counter with fortitude; to defy, challenge, dare.
— Brav'ery, -er-T, n. Quality of being, etc.; fear-
lessness; showy appearance; ostentation. Bra^vo, —
—
stream at about half its height. See Water-wheel.
work, -werk, n. (Fort.)
breast-high, (jfaut.)
defensive earth-work
A
railing on the quarter-deck
A
n.; pi. Bra'voes, -voz. A
daring villain bandit; and
forecastle.
assassin or murderer. —
Bravo, bra/vo, interj. Well
;

Breath, breth, n. Air respired; act or power of breath-

done, excellent !
—
Brava'do, n. Ostentation of ing naturally life; time to breathe; respite; a sin-
;

bravery boast or brag threatening behavior a

; ; ; gle respiration, or the time of making it; a single
boasting fellow. breeze.— Breathless,
act; a slight a. Out of breath;
Brawl, brawl, v. i. To quarrel noisily and indecently; dead, expired. —
Breathe, breth, v. i. [breathed
to scold, wrangle, squabble; to roar, as water. n. (brethd), breathing.] To respire; to live; to take
A noisy quarrel; loud contention; scurrility; uproar. breath, rest; to pass, as air to exhale, emanate. ;
—
Brawn, brawn, n. The flesh of a boar; full, strong v. t. To respire; to infuse by breathing; to emit by
muscles; strength; the arm. Brawn'y, -Y, a. — the breath, utter softly, exhale; to cause to sound by
Strong big. — Brawn'iness, n.
; breathing; to promote free respiration in; to exer-
Bray, bra, v. [brayed (brad), braying.] To pound,
t. cise; to suffer to take breath; to put out of breath;
beat, or grind small. — v. To utter a harsh cry, as
i. to give air or vent to to open. Breath'er, n. — —
an ass; tomake a harsh, grating noise. v. t. To — Breath'able, a. That may be, etc.
;

Breathing, n. —
utter with a harsh sound. —
n. The sound of an ass; Respiration; air in gentle motion; aspiration; secret
any harsh, grating sound. prayer; exercise; utterance; breathing-place; vent.
Braze, Brazen, Brazier. See under Brass. Breech, brech, n. The lower part of the body behind;
Brazil-wood, bra-ziKw6t>d, n. very heavy wood, of A hinder part of anything, esp. the part of a fire-arm
Brazil and other tropical countries, used for dyeing behind the bottom of the bore. v. t. [breeched
red. (brecht), breeching.] To put into breeches; to fur-
Breach, brech, n. Act of breaking, or state of being nish with a breech; to fasten with breeching.—
broken; the opening broken; rent; gap; a breaking, Breeches, brich/ez, n. pi. garment for men, cov- A
as of a law, obligation, etc.; a breaking up of ami- ering the hips and thighs; used in the sense of pan-
cable relations; quarrel. r. t. —
QUI.) To lake : taloons. —
Breeching, bridling, n. The part of a
breach in the walls of, by artillery. harness round a horse's breech. (Naut.) rope to A
Bread, bred, n. Flour or meal baked in loaves, cakes, check the recoil of a cannon. Breech'-load'ing, —
etc.; provisions in general. Bread'-fruit, n. The — brechlod'ing, a. (Mil.) Receiving the charge at
fruit of a tree of the isles of the Pacific, which re- the breech instead of the muzzle. -load'er, n. — A
sembles bread, when baked, and is eaten as food. — gun which, etc.
-stuff, n. Bread-corn; meal; flour. Breed, bred, v. t. [bred; breeding.] To procreate;
Breadth, bredth. n. Distance from side to side ; width. beget; hatch; to bring up nurse and foster to in- ; ;

(Paint.) Quality of having colors and shadows struct form by education to occasion to give
broad and massive, and an arrangement of objects birth to.
;

—
v. i. To bear and nourish young; to be
; ;

suggesting largeness and simple grandeur. generated, or to grow to raise a breed. n.; — A
Break, brak, v. t. [imp. broke (brok) or (obs.) brake progeny from the same parents or stock; a race al-
(brak); p. p. broke or broken; breaking.] To lied by nativity or some distinctive qualities in com-
strain apart; to lay open by breaking; to disclose or mon; progeny; offspring, applied to other things —
divulge; to infringe or violate; to interrupt, termi- than animals. —
Breed'ing, n. Formation of man-
nate; to destroy the completeness of to dash, shjfl ; ners; education; nurture; training; deportment; be-
ter, or crush; to bruise; to weaken or subdue; to i™ havior.
part cautiously; to tame; to make bankrupt; to de- Breese, Briz, Breeze, brez, Breeze'-fty, n. buzzing A
stroy the official character of; to cashier. v. i. To — fly of various species, which torments animals; also,
come to pieces, burst asunder; to open from within; the bot-fly.
to come to view; to dawn to burst forth violently Breeze, brez, n. A
light wind; gentle gale;' an excited
to become weakened to lose health or strength to
;
;

; state of feeling; quarrel, v. i. ToTilow gently. —

fail in business; to change the
gait; to exceed the Breeze, brez, Briss, bris, Brist, n. Cinders; dust, rub-
natural power, as the voice; to fall out; to termi- bish.
nate friendship. n. —
An opening made by frac- Brent. See Brant.
ture; an interruption; a pause; in writing or print- Brethren, breth'ren, n., pi. of Brother, used in sol-
ing, a dash, or a blank or unfinished line; the dawn; emn and Scriptural language for brothers.
an interruption of continuity; a large carriage. — Brett, bret, n. A
four-wheel carriage, with calash top.
Break'able, a. Capable of being broken. Break'- — Breve, brev, n. (Mus.) note, A
equivalent to I
^ I

age, -ej, n. A
breaking allowance for things brok- two semibreves, or four minims. (Law.) ' '
A
en in transportation. —
;

Break'down, n. Act of brief. (Print.) A

curved mark [^] over a vowel, to
breaking down, as of a carriage; a riotous dance, indicate that its quantity is short. Brevity, n. —
terminating a ball. —
Break'er, n. One who, or that Shortness of time or extent; conciseness.
which, breaks. (Naut.) small water-cask for A Brevet, bre-vet', n. A
warrant, granting a favor, title,
boats. —pi. Waves breaking into foam against the dignity, etc. (3fil.) A
commission in the army at
shore. large, but not with a particular command. v. t. —
Breakfast, brek'fast, n. The first meal in the day. — To confer rank upon by brevet. a. Taking rank —
v. i. To break one's fast in the morning. v. t. To — —
by brevet, designating rank conferred for merit or
furnish with the morning meal. special cause, and not in course of promotion.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, Sr
 BREVIARY 45 BROAD
Breviary, bre'vT-a-ri, n. An abridgment; epitome; Bright, brit, a. Shedding light; shining; brilliant; of
summary book containing the service of the Rom. a quick intellect; sparkling with wit; manifest to
;

Cath. or Greek church. the mind, as light to the eyes clear. Brighten, ; —
Brevier, hre-ver', n. (Print.) kind of type, in size A brlfn, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make
between bourgeois and minion. bright or brighter to make illustrious, or more dis-
;

tinguished, shed light upon, make cheerful, make

fl^*" This line is printed in brevier type. acute or witty, v. i. —
To grow bright or brighter.
Brevity. See under Breve. Brill, bril, n. A
fish of the turbot kind.
Brew, Droo, v. t. [brewed (brood), brewing.] To Brilliant, bril'vant, a. Sparkling with luster; glit-
boil or seethe; to prepare, as a liquor, from malt and tering; splendid; shining. n. diamond so cut as— A
hops, etc., by steeping, boiling, and fermentation; to reflect and refract the light. (Print.) The small-
to contrive; plot. v. i. —
To perform the business of est type used in English printing.
brewing; to be in a state of preparation; to be form- JgT" This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.

ing or gathering. — Brew'age, «. Malt liquor. Brim, brim, n. Rim, or border, of anything: edgre,
— Brew'er, n. — Brew'ery, -er-i, Brew'-house, ?i. A margin. v. i. To be full to the brim.— Brimlul,
house where brewing done. — Brewing, n. is Act -ful, Brim'ming, a. Full to the top; completely full.
or process of, etc. quantity brewed at once.
; Brimstone, brimlton, n. A hard, brittle, inflamma-
Briarean, bri-all-an, a. Pert, to, or resembling, Bri- ble substance sulphur. :

areus, a giant with a hundred hands. Brinded, brinlled, a. Having different colors; varie-
Bribe, brib, n. Something given to pervert the judgment fated; streaked. —
Brin'dle, -dl, n. State of being
or corrupt the conduct that which seduces; allure- rinded; spottedness. —
Brin'dled, -did, a. Spotted;
—
;

ment. v. t. [bribed (bribd), bribing.] To influ- brinded.

ence or corrupt by gifts; to gain by, etc. —v. i. To Brine, brin, n. Water impregnated with salt: the
give, etc. —
Bribery, n. Act or practice of giving or ocean or sea tears pickle.
; Bri'ny, a. Pert, to
;
—
taking, etc. brine, or to the sea; salt.— Brine'-pan, n. pit of A
Bric-a-brac, brik'a-brak, n. A collection of antiqua- salt water, for evaporation.
rian or artistic curiosities. TF.] Bring, bring, v. t. [brought (brawt), bringing.] To
Brick, brik, n. Clay and sand, tempered with water, convey to a person or thing; fetch; to make to come;
molded into form, dried, and usually burnt; bricks procure; induce: influence; to convey, carry.
collectively; a good fellow. r. t. [bricked (brikt),— Brink, brink, n. Edge, margin, or border of a steep
bricking.] To lay with bricks. — A
piece of a brick.
or burning, etc.
—
—
kiln, -kil, n.
Brick'bat, n.
kiln for baking
lay'er, n. One who builds with
A j
place; verge.
Brisk, brisk, a. Full of liveliness and activity, of
spirit or life; effervescing, as liquors; alert; nimble;
bricks.
j

quick; gay. v. i.— To appear with animation,—

Bride, brid, n. A woman recently married, or en-
]

with up.
gaged to be married. — Bri'dal, a. Pert, to a bride, Brisket, bris , ket, n. The breast of an animal or that
or to a wedding nuptial. n. Nuptial festival — |

part of the breast next the ribs. See Beef.

—
; ;

Bride'-chamber, -cham'bgr, n. The

|

A A
marriage.
nuptial apartment. groom, n.
ried, or about to be married.
—
man newly mar-
maid, -man, n. At- —A
j

I
Bristle, brisl, n. short, stiff, coarse hair. (Bot.)
species of pubescence on plants. v. t. [bristled
(brisld), bristling (brisling).] To erect the bris-
—
tendants on the bride and groom at a wedding.
|

j
ties of, fix a bristle to. v. i. —
To rise or stand erect,
[These words are also spelled bridesmaid, brides- like bristles.
man.] : Britannia, brT-tan'nY-a, n. compound of block- A
Bridge, brij, n. A
structure forming a roadway over I
tin alloyed with antimony, bismuth, and copper.
a watercourse, ravine, etc. a support similar to a British, britlsh, a. Pert, to Great Britain or its in-
bridge, as for strings of a violin, the bony part of
;

habitants, or to its original inhabitants. Brit'on, —

the nose, etc. v. t. —
[bridged (brijd), bridging.] n. A native of, etc. —Briticism, -sizm, n. habit A
To build a bridge over. or idiom peculiar to, etc. —
British gum. A brown-
Bridle, bri'dl, n. An instrument to restrain a horse; ish substance, soluble in cold water, formed by heat-
a restraint; curb; check; part of a gun-lock. (JS'aut.) ing dry starch.
A cable, to enable a ship, when moored, to veer with Brittle, brit 11, a. Easily broken; apt to break.
wind and tide.— v. t. [bridled (bri'dld), bridling.] Britzska, brislca, n. A
long carriage, with calash top.
To put a bridle upon to restrain, or control. — v. i.
; Broach, broch, n. A
To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an \
steel tool for
expression of pride, scorn, or resentment. smoothing or en-
Brief, bref, a. Short in duration or expression; using 1

larging holes in
few words concise; succinct. n. An epitome; a metal ; a brooch.
—
; I

statement in few words. (Law.) An abridgment I

V. [BROACHED
t.

of a client's case; writ summoning one to answer to (brocht;, broach-

—
I

an action. v. t. (Law.) To make a brief of. ing.] To pierce,!

Brier, Briar, bri'er, n. A prickly plant. (Bot.) The ^ as with a spit to
T
;

Britzska.
sweet-brier and wild-brier, species of the rose. tap to ; pierce, as
Brig, brig, n. A
vessel with two masts, square-rigged ^a cask, in order to draw liquor ; to let out to open ;

—Hermaphrodite brig. for the first time, as stores; to make public, give out.
A two-masted vessel, Broad, brawd, a. Wide extended in breadth, or
;

square-rigged forward from side to side; diffused; having a large measure

and schooner-rigged of any thing or quality; ample; comprehensive;
aft. —
Brig'antine, -tin gross; obscene.— Broad'cast, n. (Agric.) sowing A
—
or -ttn, n. small A of seed by casting it at large from the hand. adv.
brig. Diffusedly; at laree. —
a. Dispersed, as seed thrown
Brigade, brt-gad', n. by the hand; widely spread. —Broaden, bra wd'n,
(Mil.) A
division of v. i. —
To grow broad". r. t. To make broad, ren-
troops, larger than a der more comprehensive. —Broad Ish, a. Rather
regiment, commanded broad. —
Broadly, adv. Broad'ness, n. —
Broad'- —
by a general officer. — ax, -axe, n. A
broad-edged ax for hewing timber.
v. t. To form into a brim, n. A kind of hat worn by the I riends or
brigade^— Brigadier,
Brig.
Quakers; a Quaker. cloth, n. fine woolen A
brig-a-der /\ B r i g ' a- cloth for garments, exceeding 29 inches in width.
dier-gen'eral, n. The officer commanding a brigade, -piece, n. A gold coin broader than a guinea.—
in rank next below a major-general. Brigade — -side, n. Simultaneous discharge of all guns on one
major. An officer who assists the brigadier in his side of a ship. (Xaut.) ship's side above water,A
duties. from bow to quarter. (Print.) sheet of paper A
A
lawless fellow who lives by containing one large page, or printed on one side
Brigand, brig'and, n.
plunder
Theft ;
a robber, freebooter.
;

robbery ;
Brig'andage,
plunder.
only. —
sword, -sord, n. One with broad blade and
cutting edge; a claymore. B. Church. (Eccl.) A —
sun, cube, full ; moon, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 BROCADE 46 BUCKET
body of men holding liberal or comprehensive views Bruin, broo'in, n. A bear.
of Christian doctrine and fellowship, applied esp. — Bruise, brooz, r. t. [bruised (broozd), bruisi.xg.] To
to a portion of the church of Eng. B. gauge, gaj. — injure or crush; to contuse; to reduce to fragments;
A distance between the rails of a railroad greater to fight with the fists to box. n. contusion.
; — A
than the standard gauge of 4 ft. 8* in. B. pen'- — Bruit, broot, n. Report; rumor fame. (Med.) A
—
;

nant, n. (JSraut.) A square flag at a commodore's sound heard on percussion or auscultation. v. t. To

mast-head. —
B. seal. The public seal of a state. report; to noise abroad.
Brocade, bro-kad', n. Silk stuff, variegated with gold Brunette, broo-nef, n. woman of dark complex- A
and silver, or with patterns of flowers, etc.; other ion.
stuffs similarly wrought. Bro'catel', -tel'lo, n. — Brunt, brunt, n. The heat, or utmost violence, of an
Coarse brocade for tapestry, carriage linings, etc.; onset; force of a blow; shock; sudden effort, con-
marble, clouded and veined with various colors. tact, or engagement.
Brocage. See under Bkoker. Brush, brush, n. An instrument of bristles, etc., for
Broccoli, brok'ko-li, n. variety of cabbage. A removing dust, laying on colors, etc. branches of ;

Brogan, bro'gan or bro-gan', Brogue, brog, n. stout, A trees lopped off; brushwood; a thicket; a skirmish;
v

coarse shoe. Brogue, n. — coarse manner of pro- A a slight encounter; anything resembling a brush. —
nunciation. v. t. Tbrushed (brusht), brushing.] To apply a
Broider. See Embroider. brush to; to pass lightly over; to remove or gather
Broil, broil, n. A
noisy quarrel: fray: tumult. bv brushing. r. i. —
To move nimbly in haste; to
Broil, broil, v. t. [broiled (broild), broilixg.] To skim over with slight contact. Brush'y, -1,_a. Re- —
cook over coals or on a gridiron. v. i. To be — sembling, etc.; rough. Brush'iness, n. —
greatly heated. wheel, n. A wheel
Broker, bro'ker, n. One who does business for anoth- without teeth, re-
er an agent to effect contracts for a compensation. volving another by"
— Broke,
;

To act as agent, esp. in love affairs.

v. i. friction; a revolving
— Bro'cage, -kage, -kej, -kerage, The fee for act- brush for polishing.
ing as broker a commission on sales.;

Broma. bro'ma, n. A preparation of cacao seeds, or

n.
wood, n. A thick-
et or coppice; small
—
drink made from it. branches cut from
Bromine, bro'min, n. (Chan.) One of the elements, re- trees.
lated in chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. — Brusk,Brusque,brdosk,
Bro'mate, n. Bromic acid compounded with a base. a. Blunt rough Brush-wheel.
—
; ;

Bro'mic, a. Compounded of bromine and oxygen. rude.

—
,

Bro'mide, -mid, n. A compound of bromine with Brute, broot, a. Xot having sensation or reason;
a metallic or combustible base. Bro'mite, -mit, n. —
senseless; irrational; unintelligent; animal; bes-
An ore of silver; bromic silver. — Bro'mism, -mizm, tial; rough. — n.
i

A beast; a low-bred, unfeeling

n. A cachectic condition caused by using bromine. person.— Bru'tal, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. cruel; in- ;

Bronchi, bron'ki, -chia, -kt-a, -chiae, -kl-e, n. pi.

|

j
human. — Brutal'ity, n. — Bru'talize [-talized
(Anat.) The ramifications of the windpipe in the (-izd), -izixg], Bru'tify [-tified (-ti-iicl), -fyixg],
lungs. —
Bron'chial, -ki-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to, v. t. To make a brute of,' make brutal. Bru'tish, —
etc. — Bronchitis, -ki'tis, n. Inflammation of the a. Having characteristics of, etc. ignorant; stupid; ;

bronchial membrane. gross ; carnal bestial.— Bru'tishly, adv.— Bru'tish-

—
;

Bronze, br5uz or bronz, n. An alloy of copper with ness, n. Bru'tism, -tizm, n. The nature, qualities,
tin, sometimes with other metals, esp. zinc; a statue, or actions, of a brute.
medal, etc., cast in bronze; a brown color; the color ,r
Bubble, bub l, n. A
bladder of water or other fluid
of bronze. ?•. t. —
[broxzed (brSnzd or bronzd), inflated with air anything empty a delusive
bronzixg.] To give the appearance of bronze to ; scheme. — v.
:

[bubbled (bub ld), bubbltxg.] To

i.
/,
;

make brown; to make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. rise in bubbles, run with a gurgling noise. v.t.
— a. Made of, or resembling, etc. To cheat, deceive.
Brooch, broch, n. An ornament, with a pin to attach Buccaneer, Bucanier, buk-a-ner /\ n. A pirate ; free-
it to a garment. (Paint.) painting all of one A booter.
color. — v. i. To adorn with jewelry. Bucentaur, bu-sen r tawr, n. (Myth.) A fabulous
Brood, brood, r. i. To sit on and cover eggs
or young; monster, half ox and half man. The state barge —
to sit quietly; to remain long in anxious thought; to of Venice, used in the ceremony of espousing the
muse. —
v. t. To sit over, cover, and cherish. n. Adriatic. —
Offspring; progeny. Buchu, bu'ku, n. (Bot.) plant used for diseases of A
Brook, brdok, n. A
small stream of water. v. t. To the bladder. —
bear, endure to be contented with.
; Buck, buk, n. Lye for soaking cloth, in bleaching;
Broom, broom,??. A
genus of leguminous plants; a also liquor in which clothes are washed; cloth or
besom, or brush, to sweep floors, etc., orig. made —
clothes washed. ?•. t. To steep in lye; to wash in —
of the broom plant. lye or suds. (Mining.) To break up or pulverize, as
Broth, broth, n. Liquor in which flesh or anything ores. Buck-basket, -bas /'ket, n. —
basket for car- A
else is boiled. rving clothes to the wash.
Brothel, broth'el, n. house of ill-fame. A Buck, buk, n. The male of the fallow deer, goat,
Brother, brutii /'er, n. ; pi. Broth'ers or Brethren, sheep, rabbit, and hare,
breth/ren (used in the solemn style). He who is also applied to male —
born of the same parents with another, or of one of Indians and negroes a ;

them only; one closely united to another by some gay, dashing, young fel-
common tie one who resembles another. Broth'-
; low. v. i. —To jump —
erly, a. Pert, to; kind; affectionate. Brotherhood, —
viciously, with the 'head
-hot)d, n. State of being, etc.; an association a fra- down, as if butting,;
—
ternity a class of individuals of the same occupa-
; said of mules, etc.-^r. t.
tion. —
Broth'er-in-law, n. Brother of a husband To confine, b}r passing a
or wife; sister's husband. stick under the bent
Brougham, broo /'am or broom, n. light close carriage. Aknees, and over the
Brow, brow, n. The ridge over the eye, with the hair wrists, the hands being Riif>fc
xsui-n..
upon it; the forehead; the edge of a steep place. tied together before the
Brown, brown, n. A
dark color inclining to red or shins. —
Buck-shot, n. Coarse shot used for large
yellow. —
a. Of a brown color, v.t. [browxed —
game. skin, n. Leather of deer, goats, etc.
(brownd), browntx'G.] To give a brown color to. Buckboard, buk'bord, -wag'on, v. rude vehicle, A
Browse, browz, v. t. [browsed (browzd). brows- having a board resting on two axletrees.
ing.] To eat or nibble off, as the ends of branches Bucket, buk'et, n.
— vessel to hold liquids, etc. A
of trees, etc. v. i. To feed on shoots of shrubs or (Mach.) One of the cavities on the rim of a water-
trees. —
Browse, brows, n. Tender branches or twigs wheel the float of a paddle-wheel. See Water- ;

of trees, etc. wheel. Buck'etful, n. Contents of, etc. —

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r
 BUCKEYE 47 BUMPER
Buckeye, buk'i, n. A tree indigenous in the AVestern Build, bild,v.t. [built (bilt) or (antiquated) BUILDED;
States; a nickname for a resident of Ohio. building.] To Irame, construct, and raise, as an
Buckle, buk'l, n. A
frame with tongue or catch to edifice; to fabricate; to raise on any foundation to :

fasterrthings together; a curl, or state of being curled increase and strengthen. v. i. To practice build-
or crisped, as hair.— r. t. [buckled (buk'ld), buck- ing to construct, rest, or depend. n. i'orm, or —
ling.] To fasten with a buckle to prepare for ac-
;

mode of construction. Build'er, n. —

Build'ing, n. —
—
;

tion set stoutly at work. v. i. To bend, bow to Act or business of, etc. ; thing built.
;

struggle, contend. Buckler, n. —

kind of shield. A
;

Bulb, bulb, n. {Bot.) A bud growing from a plant,

{Naut.) A
cover fitted to the hawse-holes, to exclude (.usually below ground), and producing a stem
water. above and roots below. {Anat.) A part shaped
Buckram, buk'ram, n. coarse linen A
cloth, stiffened like bulbous roots. A protuberance on a stem, as
with glue. a. —
Made of buckram stiff, precise. ;
the bulb of a thermometer, —v. i. To form bulbs.
Buckthorn, buk'thQrn, n. {Bot.) genus of plants. A Bulge, bulj,?*. The protuberant part of a cask, etc.
Buckwheat, buk'hwet, n. plant, whose seed is A {Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. v. i. [bulged —
used as grain. (buljd), bulging.] To swell out; to be protuberant;
Bucolic, bu-koKik, -ical, a. Pert, to a shepherd; pas- to bilge, as a ship.
toral ; rustic. Bucofic, n.— pastoral poem. A Bulk, bulk, n. Magnitude of material substance; size;
Bud, bud, n. An undeveloped branch or flower a mass the majority the principal portion. {Naut.)
prominence on certain animals, which grows into an
; ; ;

The whole cargo of a ship when stowed. v. i. To —

animal, as a bud in a plant grows into a flower. — appear of great size or importance. —Bulkier, n.
v.i. To put forth buds; to begin to grow, or issue {Naut.) One who ascertains the capacity of goods,
from a stock like a bud, as a horn; to be in bloom, or to fix the freight or shore-dues upon them.— Bulk'y,
growing, —v. t. To insert, as the bud of one plant, -i, a. Large. — Bulk'iness, n.
under bark of another, to raise a fruit different from Bulkhead, bulk'hed, u. {Naut.) partition in a ship, A
the stock. etc., made with boards, etc.
Buddhism, biKfizm, ??. The doctrine taught by the Bull, bul, 71. The male of any bovine quadruped, also
Hindu sage', Buddha, in the (Jth century B. C, and of any large quadruped, as the elephant. {Astron.)
adopted as a religion in Central and Eastern Asia. Taurus, one ot the twelve signs of the zodiac. {Stock
etc. —Buddhist, bud'ist, n. votary of Buddhism. A Exchange.) One who buys stock on time, agreeing
— Bud'dhist, -isfic, a. to take a certain amount at a future dav at a stated
Buddie, bud'dl, n. {Mining.) wooden frame for A price, beyond which he seeks to raise the market
—
washing ore. —v. t. To wash ore with, etc. value. See Bear. v. t. To endeavor to raise the
Budge, buj, v. t. [budged (bujd), budging.] To price of.— Bul'lock, n. A
young bull; an ox, or cas-
move off, stir, wag. n. —
Lamb-skin fur, used as an trated bull. —Bull '-dog, n. variety of dog, of re- A
, edging of scholastic habits. a. Lined with budge; — markable ferocity and courage, named prob. fr. —
hence, scholastic austere or stiff. ; Budg'et, n. — A being used to bait bulls or fr. the size of the head.—
bag or sack, with its contents a stock or store ; a ; -fight, -fit, n. combat A
with a bull. finch, n. A
governmental financial statement. thick-necked singing-bird allied to the grossbeak.
Buff, buf, n. A sort of leather, from the skin of the -frog, n. A
large species of frog, which makes a loud,
buffalo, also of other animals, dressed in oil a mili- ; croaking noise. head, n. fish of the genus A
tary coat, made of buff-skin the color of, etc. the ; ; cottus; also the cat-fish, or horned-pout; a stupid fel-
bare skin. {Med.) A
grayish, viscid crust observed low; lubber. head'ed, -necked, -nekt, a. Unyield-
A
on blood. {Mech.)
leather, for polishing.
wheel covered with buff
o. Made of buff leather;
of the color of, etc., —between light pink and light
—
ing; dogged. rush, n.
ing in swamps or water. trout, n. —A
large, strong rush, grow-
large species
of trout, ascending rivers periodically to spawn.
A
vellow. Bull, bul, n. The seal appended to the edicts and
Buffalo, buf a-lo, n. ; pi. Buf'faloes, -loz. kind of A briefs' of the pope an edict, or rescript of the pope.
;

wild ox of the eastern conti- A

blunder; use of language self-contradictor}' or ex-
nent a buffalo-robe
; applied ; pressing ideas entirely different from those in-
improperly to the bison. See tended.
Bison. Bulldoze, buKdoz, v. t. To intimidate by violence.
Buffer, buffer, n. {31ech.) An Bullet, buK'let, n. A
small ball; esp. one of lead for
apparatus to deaden concussion small-arms.
by moving bodies. —A foolish Bulletin, bufle-tin, v. A
statement respecting some
fellow good-natured old fel-
; event, issued by authority for public information;
low. public notice, esp., of news recently received.
Buffet, boof-a' or buffet, n. Buffalo. A Bullion, bufvun, n. Uncoined gold or silver in the
sideboard or closet, for plate, china, etc. mass; precious metal, coined or uncoined, when
Buffet, buffet, n. A
blow with the hand cuff vio- ; ; reckoned by weight and in mass.
lent resistance, as of winds and waves. ?•. t. To — Bulls'-eye, budbf I, n. {Navt.) wooden block with- A
box, beat, slap; to contend against. r. i. To play — out sheave's, having a groove around it, and a hole
at boxing to make one's way by buffeting. through it. A
thick piece of glass in a deck, roof,
Buffo, buf
;

fo^w. The comic actor an opera. [It.] m — ,

etc.. to let in light; any circular opening for air or

Buffoon, -foon', n. One who amuses bv tricks, iokes, light; a policeman's lantern; the center of a target;
and pleasantries a mimic mountebank clown. a knob left on a sheet of plate-glass by the blow-
— Buffoon'ory, ^er-T, n. ; ;

The arts of, etc. pranks. ;

;

pipe; a thick, old-fashioned watch.

Bug, bug, n. An insect of many species esp. a ; Bully, bufi, n. A
blustering fellow. a. Jovial; —
hemipterous insect which infests beds, etc. —Bug, merry.'— v. t. [bullied (buKlid), bullying.] To
Bug'bear, -bar, Bug'aboo, -a-boo, n. Something insult with blustering menaces; to treat with inso-
frightful a specter hobgoblin.
; ; lence. — v. i. To be
noisy and quarrelsome; to
Bugger, bug'gcr, n. One guilty of buggery a vile swagger, crow, domineer.
creature. —
Bug'gery, -1, n. A crime against na-
;

Bulwark, bufwerk, n. {Fort.) An outwork for de-

ture ; sodomy. fense; a bastion. A
means of defense; screen: shel-
Buggy, bug'gf, n. A light four-wheel vehicle, with pi. {Naut.)
ter, A
ship's sides above the deck.
or without a calash top. r.t. To fortify with a rampart; to protect.
Bu'gle, Bugle-horn, bu'gl-hSm, n. A wind instrument Bumble-bee, /
bum
'bl-be, ??. large bee; humble-bee. A
for hunting or for military music. Bumkin, bunfkin, n. {Naut.) piece of timber to A
Bugle, bu'gl, n. An elongated glass which stays, sails, etc., are fastened.
bead. Bummer, burn'mer, n. A
vagrant; forager; soldier
Buhl, bul, n. A
figure of brass, un- seeking food and plunder; dissipated fellow.
—Av. thump;
burnished gold, etc., set into sur- Bump, bump, n. heavy blow; swelling or
faces of ebony, tortoise-shell, etc. protuberance. [bumped
t. (burnt), bumping.]
Buhr-stone, bef ston, n. {Min.) A To strike, as against anything solid. — v. i. To
flintv quartz, used for mill-stones. Bugle-horn make a loud, heayy, or hollow noise, as the bittern.
See Bur. Bumper, bum , per, n- A cup filled to the brim.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair,
 BUMPKIN 48 BURY
Bumpkin, bumpkin, n. An awkward, heavy rustic; a — Burg'o-mas'ter, n A chief magistrate of a mu-
.

clown, or country lout. nicipal town in Holland. Flanders, and Germany.

Bun, Bunn, bun, n.~ A small sweet-cake. (Ornith.) An aquatic bird; the glaucous gull, 6f
Bunch, bunch, n. A protuberance; hunch; knob or arctic regions.
lump; a collection, cluster, or tuft. v. i. To swell — Burgeois. See Bourgeois.
out. —
v. t. To form or fasten into a bunch. Burgeon. See Bourgeon.
Buncombe, Bunkum, bun'kum, n. A body of constit- Burglar, bergler, n. (Law.) One who breaks and en-
uents; speech-making for the gratification of con- ters a house, to commit a felony. — Burglary, -la-ri,
stituents. n. Act of, etc. Burgla'rious", -rf-us, a. Pert, to, —
Bundle, bun'dl, n. A
number of things bound to- or constituting, etc. — Burgla'riously, adv.
gether, esp. into a package for handling or convev- Burgundy, ber'gun-dl. /?. A kind of wine made in
ance; a parcel; roll. v. t. —
[bundled (bun'dld),
]

Burgundy, France. —
Burgundy-pitch, -pich, ?i.
bundling.] To tie or bind in a bundle or roll. — I Turpentine from which the essential oil has been
v. i. To set off in a hurry. distilled off.
Bung, bung, n. The stopper of the orifice in the bilge Burial. See under Bury.
—
!

of a cask; the hole itself. v. t. To stop, as the ori- Burin, bu'rin, n. An engraver's tool having a sharp cut-
fice, etc. ; to close. —
Bung^hole, n. The hole in ting point
the bilge of a cask. a n engrav-
Bungalow, bim'ga-lo, n. In India, a one-story house.
Bungle, bun'gl, v. i. [bungled (bun-'gld), bung-
ling.] To act or work awkwardly. v. t. To make —
er's style of
execution.
Burke, berk,
^ -
_^*sSfflP^ll

or mend clumsily; to botch.— Bungler, n. clumsy A V.t. [BURKED „

Bunn .

workman. (berkt), -

Bunk, bunk, n. A wooden case, for a seat by day and burking.] To murder, without marks
of violence,
abed one of a series of berths in vertical
at night; to obtain a body for dissection; to dispose of quietly
tiers. —
v. i. To go to bed in a bunk. Bunk'er, n. — or indirectlv.
A tub, box, etc., to hold coal, etc. Burl, berl, v.t. [burled (berld), burling.] To dress,
Bunyon, Bunion, bun'yun, n. {Med.) Enlargement as cloth, by fulling; to pick knots, loose threads,
and inflammation of the membranous sacat the ball etc., from. —n. A knot or lumn in thread or cloth.
of the great toe. — Burl'er, n. A
dresser of cloth.
Bunt, bunt, n. (JS'aut.) The middle part or belly of a Burlap, ber'lap, ». A
coarse fabric of linen, jute, or
sail. — v. To swell out, as a sail: to push with the hemp.
butt. — Bunfline, n.
i.
horns; to A rope to
haul up Burlesque, ber-lesk', a. Provoking laughter by ludi-
the body of a sail when taking it in. crous images; jocular, ironical. n. Ludicrous rep- —
Bunting, 'bunfing, n. A
bird allied to finches and resentation exaggerated parody satirical compo-
sparrows. Thin woolen stuff, of which flags are
;

sition intended to ridicule anvthing; caricature.

:

—
made. v. t. [burlesqued (-leskf), -lesquing.] To turn into
Buoy, boot, n. A float; esp. a floating mark to indicate ridicule. — Burlefta, -lefta, n. (Jfus.) A comic
objects beneath the water. opera a musical farce.
;

v. t. [buoyed (booTd), BUOY- Burly, berlT, a. Of great bulk; stout; lusty; coarse
ING.] To keep afloat; to keep and rough. —
Bur'liness, n.
from sinking into ruin or de- Burn, bern, v. t, [burned (bernd) or burnt; burn-
spondency; to fix buoys to: to ing.] To consume with fire to injure by heat; to ;

mark by' buoys. —v. i. To change by exposure to heat to produce an effect akin :

float; to rise by specific light- to that of heat. (Surg.) To cauterize. (Cfiem.) To

ness. — Buoy'ant, a. Having combine with oxygen, — v.i. To be on fire; to be
the quality of rising or floating; Buov. injured by excess of heat; to have the appearance
bearing up, as a fluid: cheerful; vivacious. Juoyr- — ]
of fire to be hot or in a passion to act with de-
; ;

ancy, -an-sT, n. Quality of floating: specific lieht- structive violence; to be akin to fire in the effect pro-
v
ness; cheerfulness. (Physics.) "Weight just sufficient duced. n. — A
hurt or injury caused by fire; the op-
to submerge a floating body. —
Buoy'antly, adv. eration of burning or baking. Burn'er, n. One —
Bur, Burr, ber, n. A
pricklv envelope of the seeds of who burns or sets on fire: an appendage to a lamp
plants; the rough edge left by a tool in cutting or gas-fixture, to promote combustion.
metal; a guttural mispronunciation of the letter r. — Burn,?!. A
brook. See Bourn.
v. t. To pronounce with a burr; to talk or whisper Burnish, ber'nish, v. t. [burnished (-nisht), -nish-
hoarsely.— Bur^dock, n. A
genus of prickly-fruited ing.] To polish by rubbing with something hard
—
plants. and smooth to render bright. v. i. To grow or
—
;

Burbot, ber'bot, n. A
fish shaped like an eel, having become smooth or glossy, n. The effect of bur-
beards on the nose and chin. nishing; gloss ;_luster.
Burden, ber'dn, Bur'then, -then, n. That which is Burnoose, ber'noos, n. loose hooded cloak for A
borne or carried; what is grievous, wearisome, or women, imitated from a garment of the Arabs.
oppressive; the contents or capacity of a ship. v. t. — Burr. See Bur.
[burdened (-dend), -dening.] To lay a load upon; Burrow, ber'ro, n. A
hole in the ground made by
to oppress.— Bur'aenous, -us. -some, -sum, a. Griev- rabbits, etc., for shelter. (Mining.) heap or heaps A
ous to be borne. —
Bur'densomely. adv. of rubbish. v. t. —
[burrowed /-rod), -rowing.]
Burden, ber'dn, n. The verse repeated in a song; To excavate or lodge in a hole in the earth; to hide.
chorus: refrain; that 'which is often repeated; the Burse, bers, n. Orig., a purse; a fund to maintain
main topic. poor scholars; a student so maintained; a public
Burdock. See under Bur. meeting place for merchants an exchange. [Also :

Bureau, bu'ro, n.; pi. Bu'eeaux or -reaus. -roz. written bourse.] —

Bur'sar, -ser, n. cash-keeper; A
Orig., a desk with drawers for papers; the place purser; a student to whom a stipend is paid.— Bur'-
where a bureau is used, or business transacted; a sary, -ser-i, n. The treasury of a college, etc. a ;

department for transaction of public business; the charitable foundation in a university.

body of subordinate officers under the direction of Burst, berst, v. i. [burst bursting.] To fly or ;

a department chief; a chest of drawers for clothes, break open violently; to make any sudden change
etc. —
Bureaucracy, bu-ro'kra-sY, n. system of A from restraint, in visibility, absence, etc., to an oppo-
conducting government business by departments, site state; to issue by a sudden removal of obstacles;
each under a chief. to crack, split, sever. r. r. —
To break or rend vio-
Burg, berg, n. Orig., a fortified town a borough. :
— lently; to open suddenly. n. breaking forth; — A
Burgess, ber'jes, n. A freeman of a borough: a rep- disruption sudden explosion.
;

resentative or magistrate of, etc. — Burg'grave, Bur'- Burt, bert, n. A

flat fish of the turbot kind.
frave, n. In Ger., orig., one in command of a burg Burthen. See Burden.
ut the title and domain became hereditary.—Burgh, Bury, ber'!, n. borough A ; manor; used as a term,
berg, n. Same as burg and borough. Burgh'' al, a. — of names of places, as. Canterbury, —v. t. [buried
Pert, to, etc. —
Burgh'er, n. An inhabitant of, etc. (bSr'id), burying.] To conceal by covering; esp. to

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Yn, Tee ; Sdd, tone, 6r ;
 BUS 49 BYZANT
cover out of sight, as in a grave, the ocean, etc.: to butts against the casing.The metalring at the ends
hide in oblivion.— Burial, -Y-al, re. Act of burying; of fire-engine hose. v.
i. To join at the butt, end, —
interment. —
Bur'ying-ground. -place, re. A grave- or outward extremity; to be bounded; to abut; to
yard; church-yard. thrust the head forward, —v. t. To strike by thrust-
Bus, bus, n. An omnibus. [Abbrev. fr. omnibus.} ing the head against. Butte, but or bit, re. An iso- —
Busby, buz'M, re. A military cap or bear-skin. lated peak or abrupt elevation of land. But'tock, —
Bush, bush, re. A thicket, or place abounding in trees; re. The rump, or protuberant part of the body be-
a branching shrub; a cluster of shrubs; a bushy hind. (Xaut.) The convexity of a ship behind,
branch cut from a tree; a branch of ivy (as sacred under the stern.
to Bacchus); hence, a tavern sign, or the tavern it- Butt, but, re. A
pipe or large barrel, containing from
self. —
v, i. To grow thick or bushy. v. t. To set — IDS to 126 gallons.
bushes for, as for peas; to use a bush-harrow on, Butter, bufter, re. An oily, unctuous substance ob-
or for covering. —
Busb/y, -T, a. Full of bushes; tained from cream by churning. v. t. [buttered —
full and spreading, like a bush. Bush^iness, re. — (-terd), -tering.] To cover with butter. But'ter- —
— Bush'-bean, re. The common, low garden-bean; A
substitute for butter, made from ani-
kidney-bean; French bean.
lar warfare in a woody
fight'ing, n. Irregu-
country. -har'row, re.
— —
ine, -in, re.
mal fat : oleomargarine. But'tery, -ter-i, a. Hav-
ing the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of but-
—
A
harrow made of bushes, for covering — A
place for keeping butter, milk, provis-
(Agric.)
seeds, etc. —
man, re. A
settler in the backwoods of
ter. re.

ions, etc. a room in some colleges, etc., for the

;

a cellar in which wine is

Australia. (Geog.) One of a tribe of savages near
the Cape of Good Hope. whack'er, re. One ac- — sale of refreshments
kept. —
But'tercup, re. plant having bright yel-
;

A
customed to beat about bushes ; a raw country-
man; a scythe for cutting brush; one engaged
predatory excursions against an enemy. wnack'-
m
low flowers crowfoot.
Apt
re. A
to
fingered, -fin'gerd, a.
drop things, as
;

from greasy fingers.

lepidopterous insect of different species.
fly, if ——
ing, re. Traveling, or working a way, through bush- -fly-valve,re. (Jfech.) valve consisting of two A
es; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along
a stream; irregular or predator}- warfare.
A
semi-circular clappers or wings hinged to a cross-
rib. —man, n. One who sells butter. milk, re.
Milk remaining after the butter is separated from
—
Bush, bush, n. (JIacJi.)
into an orifice.
line with metal.
v. t. —
—
metal ring or lining let
To furnish with a bush, or
Busb/ing, re. metal lining for a A
it. — nut, re.

contains oil; the nut of a South American tree,

An American tree
and its fruit, which
—
scotch, re. A candy
hole; a thimble.
Bushel, bush'el, re. A
dry measure, containing 8
gallons; a vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in
called also the Savuari nut.
made from sugar and butter. tree, re. A tropical
tree whose seeds yield a butter-like substance.
—
measuring; the circle of iron in the nave of a wheel. Butteris. See under Buttress.
— BusheKage, -ej, re. A
duty payable by the bushel. Buttock. See under Butt.
Busily, Business, etc. See under Busy. Button, bufn, re. A small ball; knob; a catch, to
Busk, busk, re. A
thin piece of metal, whalebone, or fasten together parts of dress, or to hold a door
wood, worn in corsets. closed a bud; germ of a plant. (Assaying.) A
;

Buskin, bus'kin, n. A
covering for the foot and leg, round mass of metal remaining in the cupel after
for hunters and actors in tragedy tragedy, as dis- fiiMon. r.- [buttoned (but'nd), -toning.] To
ting. fr. comedy.
;

fasten with, etc. v. i. To be fastened by, etc. —

Buss, bus, re. A kiss; a rude or playful kiss. two- A But'ton-hole, re. The hole in which a button is
masted herring-boat. — v. t. [bussed (bust), buss- caught. v. t. —
To hold by the button or button-
ing.] To kiss. hole to detain in conversation to bore.
; mold, ;

Bust, bust, n. A
piece of statuary representing the -mould, -mold, re. disk of bone, wood, etc., which A
upper part of the human figure: the portion of the is made into a button by covering it with cloth. —
human figure between the head and waist. -wood, re. The North American plane-tree, produ-
Bustard, bus'tard, re. A
bird of the Ostrich familv. cing rough balls the button-ball. ;

Bustle, busl, v. i. [bustled (bus'ld), bustling.] To Buttress, buftress, re. (Arch.) projecting support A
stir quickly, be very active. re. Great stir; tumult — to the exterior of a wall a prop. ;
—
from excitement. —
Bus'tler, n. v. t. To support by a buttress to
—
;

Bustle, bus'], re. A

kind of cushion to expand ladies' prop. But'teris, -ter-is, re. {Far.)
skirts behind. An instrument to pare horses' hoofs.
Busy, biz'!,. a. Engaged in business; occupied: con- Buxom, buks'um, a. Orig., obedient
stantly active: restless: active in what does not or yielding healthy jolly frolic- ; ; ;

concern one; officious; pragmatical.— ?-, t. [busied some.

(biz'id), busying.] To make or keep busy, employ, Buy, bi, v. t. [bought (bawt), buying.]
occupy. —
Business, biz 'nes, re. That which busies To purchase to acquire by paying ;

one; employment; particular occupation for a liveli- for to procure by a consideration

;

hood or gain; traffic in general: concern; right or given. v. i. To negotiate about a

occasion of making one's self busy; affair; transac- purchase. Buy'er, n. —
tion; trade; profession; duty. Bus'inesslike, a. — Buzz, buz, v. i. [buzzed (buzd), buz
Properly done thorough; straightforward. Busy-
; — zixg.] To make a low, continuous
body, biz'T-bod-i, n. One who officiously concerns humming sound, as bees to speak
himself with others' affairs, a meddling person. with a low, humming voice. v. t.
;

—
But, but, prep. & conj. Except besides unless save ; ; To make known by buzzing to Buttress.
that were it not' that otherwise than that that
; ;
;

; spread, as report, by whispers. ??. continuous, — ;

A
not; only; solely; merely; on the contrary; on the humming noise whisper report spread cautiously. ; :

other hand yet still nevertheless.

; ; ; Buzzard, buz'erd, re. (Omith.) bird of prey, of the A
But, re. and v. See Butt. falcon family. blockhead a dunce. A ;

Butcher, buch^er, re. One who slaughters animals By, bi, prep. Near or next to from one to the other side ;

for food one who kills cruelly one given to of past with, as instrument, means, way, etc.
;

—
'; ; ; ;

slaughter. v. t. [butchered (-erd), -eking.] To through means of with aid of through, —mdv.
kill, as animals, for food; to murder, esp. barba- Near present passing near; going or gone past.
; ;

—
rously.— Butcb/ery, -er-T, re. Business of a butcher;
;

a. Out of the common path aside

;

in composi- ; ; —
great slaughter massacre. ; tion giving the meaning of something incidental,
Butler, bufler, re. A servant in charge of liquors, etc. collateral, or private.
Butt, But, but. re. The larger end, as of a piece of tim- Bye, bi, re. A
dwelling in certain games, the station ;

ber; an end; limit; bound; unplowedlandat the end of a player.

of a field; a mark to be shot at; object of aim; one By-law, bi'law, re. law of a city, town, corpora- A
at whom ridicule or contempt is directed a thrust ; tion, etc.
given in fencing or by the head of an animal; the Byzant, biz'ant. Byz'antine, -tin, re. (Xuniis.) A gold
stoutest part of tanned ox-hides. {Carp.) kind A coin, worth $25, coined at Byzantium. Byzantine, —
of hinge, screwed to the edge of the door, which bi-zan'tin or biz'an-tln, a. Pert, to Byzantium.
sfm, cube, full ; moon, fo~6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.

4
 oO CALAMITY

C.
C, se,the 3d letter in the English alphabet, has 2 sounds, I larva of the caddice-fly, —
used as bait in fishing.—
one close (represented in the phonetic respellingsin I
Cad'dice-fly, n. An insect, frequenting marshy
this vocabulary by k), the other a sibilant (repre- places.
sented by s). The digraph ch has 3 sounds, the 1st Caddis, kad'dis, ». A kind of worsted lace or ribbon.
n. A small box for keeping tea.
I

as in church (represented by ch), the 2d as in chaise Caddy, kad'dl,

A
i

(represented by sh), the 3d as in chorus (represented Cade, kad, n. barrel; cask.

—
by A). (Mus.j C
after the clef is the mark of com- Cadence, ka'dens, n. A
fall of the voice in reading
mon time, in which each measure is a semibreve, cor- or speaking a modulation of sound.
; (Mil.) A
responding to 4- C is a l so tne name of a note in the uniform time and pace in marching. (Mas.) A
pause at the end of an air: a closing embellishment.
scale; the key note major, and the third minor, of — v. t. To regulate by musical measure.
the natural scale. —
C is used as a contr. for L. cen- Cadet, ka-def, n. (Mil.) A gentleman who serves as
tum, a hundred. a private, to obtain a commission; ayoung man in a
Cab, kab, n. Abbr. of Cabriolet, q. v. Hebrew —A military school.
dry measure of 2 5-6 pints. Cadew. k'a-du', Cade-worm. Same as Caddice.
Cabal, ka-bal', n. A number of persons united to pro- Cadi, ka'di, n. ; pi. CA'Dis,-dIz. Turkish local A mag-
mote their private views by intrigue: a junto; tac- istrate.
tion; plot; intrigue. v. i. —
[caballed (-bald'), Cadmean, kad-mc'an, Cadmian, kad'mi-an, a. Pert.
-balling.] To plot, conspire. Cabal', Cab'ala, — to Cadmus, prince of Thebes, said to have intro-
kab'a-la, n. Secret tradition, or a mysterious science duced into Greece 1CJ letters of the alphabet.
among Jewish rabbins: mystery. Cadmia, kad'ml-a, n. (Mia.) An oxide of zinc; for-
Caballine. kab'aUm, a. Pert, to ahorse. n. kind — A merly, the ore of zinc, called calamine.— Cad'mium.
of aloes, used in medicine for horses. n. (Chem.) A white, ductile, and malleable metal
Cabas, ka'ba, n. A
reticule: satchel. related to zinc. —
Cal'amine, -nun, n. Silicate, for-
Cabbage, kab'ei, ». garden Avegetable, the head of merly carbonate, of zinc.
which is —v. i. To form a head in growing. Caduceus, ka-du'se-us, n. (M>/th.) Mercury's rod,—
edible,
Cabbage, kab'ej, v. t. [cabbaged (-ejd), -baging.] To a wand entwined by serpents, and sur-
purloin. n.— Cloth retained bj- 'tailors when cut- mounted by wings.
ting out garments. Caducous, ka'-du'kus, a. (Bot.) Falling
Cabin, kab'in, n. A
small room; a cottage; hut; an off quickly or easily.
apartment in a ship. v. i. —
[cabined (-ind), cab- Caesar, se'zar, n. emperor, An
esp. of —
ining.] To live in a cabin, lodge. v. t. To con- — Germany, as being the successor of Au-
fine in a cabin. gustus Cassar and the Roman emperors
Cabinet, kab'in-et, n. A
small room; closet; room for kaiser. —
Caesa'rean, Cesa'rean, a. Pert,
;

consultations secret council of a government

; a ; to Cffisar. —
Cesarean section. (Surg.) An
piece of furniture with drawers and doors; a place incision through the parietes of the ab-
for valuables.— Cab'inet-coun'cil, -kown'sil, n. Con-
fidential council of a prince, etc.
maker of furniture a joiner. ;
ma'ker, n. — A
domen and uterus, to extract the fetus.
Caesura, se-zu'ra or -su'ra, n. ; E. pi. C.E-
SU'kas, -raz L. pi. -RJE, -re. (Pros.)
; A
Cable, ka'bl, n. A
rope or chain to retain a vessel at pause or division in a verse a separation, ;

anchor, suspend weights, contain and protect a tel- by ending of a word or pause in the sense,
egraph wire, etc. v. 1. —To fasten with a cable. v. — of' syllables rythmically connected.
i. and t. To telegraph through a cable. Cable- — Cafe, kafa, n. A coffee-house: lunch-room.
gram, n. A
message sent through a telegraphic ca- — Caffeic, -fe'ik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or obtained
ble.— Cables-length. 720 feet. fr., coffee. —
Caffeine, -fe'in, n. white, bitter, A
r
Caboose, ka-boos n. (3 ant.)
, A
galley, or cook-house crystallizable substance, obtained from, etc.
on deck: a box covering the chimney in a ship. A Cag, kag. n. A
small cask or barrel; keg.
railroad tool-car. Cage, kaj, n. A
box or inclosure, for confining birds,
Cabriolet, kab'rt-o-la, n. A one-horse two-seated car- animals, criminals, etc. (Mining.) hoist for rais- A
riage with calash top, and covering for the legs. ing ores, persons, etc., from a pit. r. t. [caged —
Cacao, ka-ka'o or ka'ko, n. The chocolate tree of So. (kajd), caging.] To confine in a cage.
Amer. and the W. Indies. Caiman. See Cayman.
Cachalot, kash'a-lot. n. The sperm whale. Caique, ka'ek or ka-ek', n. A Turkish skiff or light
Cachexy, ka-kek'sT. n. A depraved condition of the boat.
system. — Cachec'tic, -tical, a. Cairn, karn. n. A rounded or conical pile of stones.
Cachinnation, kak'in-na-shun, n. Loud or immod- Caisson, kas'son, chest containing am-
n. (Mil.) A
erate laughter. munition wagon for conveying military stores.
;

Cackle, kak'l, v. i. [cackled (kak'ld), cackling.] To (Arch.) A

wooden frame used in submarine build-
make a noise like a goose or hen to laugh with a ing: a panel sunk below the surface.
broken noise, giggle to talk
;

Caitiff, ka'tif, n. A
mean, despicable person. a. —
in a silly manner, prattle.
;

— Base : vile.
n. The noise of a hen, etc.; Cajeput, kaj'e-put, n. An essential oil from the East
silly talk. Indies.
Cactus, kak'tus, n. ; pi. Cac'- Cajole, ka-joK, v. t. [cajoled (-joldO, cajoling.]
tTOes, -ez, or Cac'ti, -ti. To deceive or delude by flattery: to wheedle, coax,
A genus of tropical Amer- entrap. — Cajo'lery, -ler-I, n. A wheedling; coaxing
ican plants, having thick, language: flattery.
fleshy stems, often armed Cake, kak. n. A
composition of flour, butter, sugar,
with spines. etc., baked: a mass of matter concreted and flattened.
Cad, kad, n. In Eng., the con- — v. i. and t. [caked (kakd), caking.] To form
ductor of an omnibus an ; into a cake, or mass.
errand-boy: a low-bred, ob- Calabash, kaKa-bash, n. The fruit of the calabash tree;
trusive fellow; a snob. a large gourd: a vessel made from the shell, etc.
Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, a. .
— CaKabash tree. A
tree of tropical America.
Resembling a corpse pale; ; Calaboose, kal-a-boos', n. prison jail. A ;

wan: ghastly. Calamine. See under Cadmia.

Caddice, -dis, kad'dis. n. The Calamity, ka-lam'T-tl, n. A
great misfortune or cause

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; odd, tone, 6r
 CALAMUS 51 CAMBRIC
of misery disaster mishap mischance.— Calami- wound, witli a calk, — said of a horse, etc. — n. A
—
; ; ;

tous, -T-tus, a. Suffering, or producing, calamity point on a shoe, to prevent slipping. Calk'er,
deplorable; grievous. —
Calamitously, adv.— Ca-
;

Calk'in, Caulk, Cork. Same as Calk, n.

lam'itousness, n. Call, kawl, v. t. [called (kawkT), calling.] To in-
Calamus, kaKa-mus, n. ; pi. -mi, -mi. {Bot.) Indian vite or command to come or he present to con- ;

cane, a plant of the palm family; also, the sweet flag. voke, summon, bid; to give a name to; to desig-
[L.] — Calamiferous, -er-us, a. Producing reeds. nate as for office, duty, etc.; to litter loudly. v. i. —
Calash, ka-lash', n. light A carriage with low wheels, To speak loudly, cry out; to make a brief visit.—
having a top that can be raised or lowered, and re. A vocal address of summons or invitation; a
often a movable front, making it either an open or public demand requisition; a divine summons; a
;

close carriage; also, a Canadian two- wheeled vehi- short visit. {Hunting.) A
note blown on a horn.
cle; a hood of a carriage which can be thrown back; {Naut.) A whistle to summon sailors to duty.
a hood-like head-covering. {Fowling.) A noise in imitation of a bird; a pipe
Calcify, Calcine, etc. See under Calx. to call birds by imitating their voice. CalPing, n. —
Calculate, kaKku-lat, v. t. To ascertain by arithmet- A summons; occupation; vocation; business.
ical or mathematical processes, or by reckoning pe- Calla, kaPla, n. A
genus of plants.
culiarities or circumstances to fit by adaptation of Calligraphy, kal-lig'ra-f I, re. Fair or elegant penman-
means to the end to compute, estimate, rate.
;
;

— ship. —
Callig 'rap hist, -fist, n. An elegant penman.
v.i. To make a calculation. [Improperly used for Calliope, kal-li'o-pe, n. {Myth.) The muse presiding
intend or purpose.'] —
Calculable, a. capable of be- over eloquence and heroic poetry. An organ whose
ing, etc. — Calculation, n. Art, act, or result of, tones are produced by steam instead of wind a
etc.— CaPculative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. Calcu- — steam-whistle on locomotives, etc.
;

lator, -ter, n. One who, etc. Callisthenics. See Calisthenics.

Calculus, kal'ku-lus, re.; pi. -Li, -li. {Med.) solid A Callow, kaPo, a. Destitute of feathers: naked.
concretion in the body, usually in the organs that Callus, kaPlus, n. {Med.) Any preternatural hard-
act as reservoirs, and in the excretory canals. ness in the body, esp. of the skin; new growth of
{Math.) A
method of computation ; one of the osseous matter uniting fractured bones. [L.] CaP- —
branches of mathematics.— Calculous, -lus, a. Like lous, -lus, a. Hardened indurated obdurate un-
—
; ;

—
;

stone; hard; gritty; affected with stone or gravel. feeling. Callously, adv. Callousness, n.
Caldron, kawl'drun, n. A
large metal kettle or boiler. Calm, kam, a. Not stormy; undisturbed by passion;
Calefacient, kal-e-fa'shent, a. Making warm; heat- still; tranquil; serene; placid. — re. Freedom from
ing. —
n. {Med.) A
substance that excites warmth. motion, agitation, or disturbance. v. t. [calmed —
— CaPefy, -fi, v. i. To grow warm. — v. t. To make (kamd), calming.] To render still or quiet; to ap-
warm. pease, compose, assuage.
Calendar, kaKen-dar, re. An arrangement of the di- Calomel, kaPo-mel, n. {Cliem.) A mild chloride of
visions of time, as days, weeks, months, etc. an mercury, used as a medicine.
almanac an enumeration of persons or things.
;

— /r
Caloric, ka-lor ik, n. {Physics.) The principle of
;

v. t. To enter in a calendar. a. Contained in, or — heat; agent to which phenomena of heat and com-
according to, etc. Calendar —
month. month ac- A bustion are ascribed. —
Calcricity, -is'Y-tT, n. Fac-
cording to the common or Gregorian calendar, as ulty of developing heat, —
esp. in animals, to with-
given in almanacs. —C. year. Gregorian year, or A stand cold. —
Calorific, a. Able to produce heat;
year of our Lord, ending Dec. 81. heating.
Calender, kaPen-der, n. A machine or hot-press, to Calumet, kaPu-met, n. A pipe used by American In-
make cloths, paper, etc., smooth and glossy or wavy; dians as a symbol of peace and war.
one who calenders; one of a sect of Eastern der- Calumny, kaVum-nY, n. False accusation; defama-
vises, named from the founder. v. t. [calen- — tion; slander. —
Calum'niate. -ni-at, v. t. To accuse
dered (-derd), -dering.] To press between rollers. falsely and knowingly, asperse, vilify, traduce.—
Calf, kaf, re. ; pi. Calves, kavz. The young of the cow; Calurn'ma'tion, re. False accusation. Calum'ni- —
an ignorant, stupid person; a small island near a ator, -ter, n. —
Calum'nious, -nl-us, a. Containing
larger one; a mass of ice attached to an iceberg.— or implying, etc.
Calve, kav, v. t. To bring forth a calf. Calvary, kaKva-rY, n. A place of skulls; esp. the
Calf, kaf, n. The fleshy part of the leg behind, below place of Christ's crucifixion a Roman Catholic ;

the knee. chapel containing representations of Christ's pas-

Caliber, Calibre, kaPY-ber, n. Diameter of a round sion and death.
body, as of a bullet, or of the bore, as of a cannon Calve. See under Calf.
or tube; mental capacity. Callipers, — Calvinism, kaPvin-izm, n. The theological doctrines of
-perz, CaFiper-com'passes, re. pi. Com- Calvin and his followers.
passes with curved legs, for measuring Calx, kalks, n. ; E.pl. Calx'es, -ez; L. pi. Cal'ces,
the caliber of round bodies. kaKsez. {Chem.) Earthy residuum remaining after
Calico, kaPi-ko, n. ; pi. -coes, -koz. the calcination of a metal or mineral. Calcareous, —
Plain white cotton cloth; printed cot- -ka'rt-us, «. Of or containing, carbonate of lime.
ton cloth, coarser than muslin.' a. — —
CaPcic, -sik, a. {Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from
—
i

Made of, etc. resembling, etc., said calcium.— Calciferous, -sifer-us, a. Containing
;

of a horse, etc., having patches of carbonate of lime. —

CaPciform, a. In the form of
color different from the general color. chalk or lime. —
CaPcify, -fi, v. i. and t. To change
Caliduct, kaPi-dukt, n. A pipe to con- into a stony condition, in which lime is a princi-
vey heat; acaloriduct.
Calipers,
pal ingredient. —
Calcine, kal-sin' or kaPsYn.
Caligo, ka-lfgo, n. {Pathol.) Dimness of [calcined (-sind' or -sYnd), -cining], also CaPci-
sight, from a speck on the cornea; the speck itself. nate, -sY-nat, v. t. To reduce to powder or a friable
iij' state, by the action of heat; to oxidize, as a metal.
or dimness; dark. — v. i. 'To be converted into a powder, etc.
Caligraphy. See Calligraphy. Calyx, ka/lix, n. ; E. pi. Ca'lyxes; L.pl. Cal'yces,
Calipash, kaKT-pash, n. Part of a turtle belonging to kaPY-sez. {Bot.) The outer covering of
the upper shell, containing a gelatinous substance of a flower.
a greenish tinge. —
Cal'lpee'. n. Part belonging to Cam, kam, n. {3Iach.) A
projecting part (
the lower shell, of a yellowish color. of a wheel, etc., giving an alternating
Caliph, Calif, ka'lif, re. Successor or vicar, a title — motion to a piece pressing against it.
of the successors of Mohammed. Camber, kanPber, re. {Arch.) An arch or
Calisthenic, kal-is-then'ik, a. Pert, to calisthenics.— convexity on the top of a beam, or of an
r
CaFisthen' ics, n. sing. Art, science, or practice of aperture.
healthful bodily exercise. Camboge. See Gamboge.
Calk, kawk, v. t. [calked (kawkt), calking.] To drive Camboose, kam-boos'', re. {JVaut.),A cook-
oakum into the seams of, as of a ship, to prevent room.
leaking; to put sharp points upon the shoes of, to Cambrel. See Gambrel.
prevent slipping on ice, —
said of a horse or ox; to Cambric, kam'brik, n. A fine, white fabric
Calyx.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get,
 CAME 52 CANON
of flax or linen ; , cotton fabric, in imitation of linen a. Like, consisting of, or affected with, cancer. —
cambric. Cancriform, kan'krY-f6rm, a. Crab-shaped like a ;

Came. See Come. cancer; cancerous. —

Cancrine.kan'krin, a. Having
—
Camel, kam'el, n. A ruminant quadruped,
ladruped, used in the qualities of a crab. Canker, kan^ker, n. An
Asia and Africa for carrying bur- ulcer in the mouth anything that corrupts or cor-
;

dens. (Naut.) A contrivance for rodes. (Hort.) A

disease in trees. (Far.) disease A
lifting ships over shoals. Cam'- — of horses' feet. The dog-rose a caterpillar. v. t. ; —
el's-nair, a. Made of camel's hair. [-kered (-kerd), -kering.] To corrode, eat, cor-
— —
Cam'let, Cam'elot, -e-lot, n.
cloth, orig. of camel's hair, now of
wool or goat's hair with silk or
thread.
Camellia, ka-mel'ya, n.
evergreen shrubs.
A genus of
A

Camelopard, ka-mel'o-pard or kam'el-, n. (Zo'61.)

LX A
rupt, infect.
away, grow rusty.

partial
Heated
v.

Candelabrum. See under Candle.

Candid, kan'did, a. Orig. white
open ; frank equitable.
;

to whiteness
i.

;
To become venomous;

free from bias ; im-

Can'dent, a.
glowing with heat.
;
;

Can-
didate, -dY-dat, n. One who seeks or is proposed for
—
to waste

—
ruminant, long-necked, African quadruped; the gi- office or preferment. —
Can'dor, -der, n. Freedom
raffe. fr. prejudice or disguise; sincerity.
Cameo, kam'e-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. A precious stone or a Candle, kaii'dl, n. Tallow, wax, spermaceti, paraf-
shell carved in relief. fine, etc., inclosing a wick, and used to furnish
Camera, kam'e-ra, n. {Arch.) A vaulted roof or ceil- light.— Can'' die-coal, n. A
ing. The camera obscura. —
Cam'era Lu'cida, -lu'-
sY-da. (Opt.) An instrument which reflects a pic-
nel-coal. — bright-burning coal; can-
light, n. The light of, etc.
brum, n. ; L. pi. -bra, -bra, E. pi. -brums.
Candela'-
tall can-
—
A
ture that may be traced on paper, etc.— C Obscura. dle-stick; stand for supporting lamps; chandelier.
-ob-sku'ra. An apparatus which reflects external [L.] — Chandelier, shan-de-ler', n. frame with A
images, received through a lens, upon a white sur- branches for candles or other lights. [F.] Chand- —
f acewithin a darkened chamber. ler, chandler, n. One who makes or sells candles,
Camisade, kam-Y-sad', -sado, -sa'do, n. (Mil.) shirt A also other commodities indicated by a word pre-
worn over a soldier's uniform, for recognition in the fixed, as corn-chandler, ship-chandler.
dark; an attack by surprise at night. Camisole, — Candy, kan'dY, v. t. [candied (-did), -dying.] To con-
-sol, n. A
waistcoat: dressing-jacket; straight-jacket. serve or boil in sugar; to form into crystals, as sugar.
Camlet. See under Camel. — v. i. To change into, or become impregnated, or
Camomile, Chamomile, kam'o-mil, n. A bitter plant, covered with, sugar; to be formed into crystals.—
used in medicine. n. A preparation of sugar or sirup a confection ;

Camp, kamp, n. Ground containing tents, huts, etc., of sugar.

for shelter; company of persons encamped in the Cane, kan, re. (Bot.) A plant of several species, in-
same spot. —
v. t. [camped (kampt), camping.] To cluding reeds, as bamboo, rattan, etc., also sugar-
afford lodging for, as an army, travelers, etc. v. i. — cane. A
reed; walking-stick; staff a lance made of ;

To rest or Todge;_to pitch tents, etc.; to encamp. cane. — v. t. [caned (kand), caning.] To beat
Campaign, kam-pan', n. A large, open plain an : with, etc.; to make or furnish with, etc.
extensive tract without hills. (Mil.) The time that Canicula, ka-nik'u-la, Canicule, kan'Y-kQl, n. (Astron.)
an army keeps the field. ( U. S- Politics^) The con- A star in the constellation of Canis Major the Dog-
test for an election; a canvass. —
v.i. To serve in a star, or Sinus.
;

campaign. Canine, ka-nln'', a. Pert, to dogs having the quali-

Campaniform, kam-pan'Y-form, a. (Bot.) In the ties of a dog. —
Canine teeth. The pointed teeth, be-
;

shape of a bell. —
Campanol'ogy, -it. n. Art of ring- tween the incisors and grinders,— resembling a dog's
ing bells; a treatise on it. — Cam'panile, -ne'la, n. teeth. See Tooth.
(Arch.) A bell-tower. Canister, kan'is-ter, n. A basket of rushes, reeds,
Campestral, kam-pes'tral, -trian, -trY-an, a. Pert, to, etc.; a case for holding tea, coffee, etc.
or growing in a field, or open ground. Canker. See under Cancer.
Camphene, -phine, kam-fen', n. (Chem.) Pure oil of Cannabin, -bine, kan'na-bin, re. (Chem.) A poison-
turpentine. ous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis lndica),
Camphor, kam'fer, n. The solidified sap of an East giving hasheesh its narcotic effects.
Indian laurel tree. — Cam'phire, -fir,_n. Obs. spell- Cannel-coal, kan'nel-kol, n. hard black coal, which A
ing of camphor. —
Cam'phorate, -fer-at, v. t. To im- burns with a clear flame.
pregnate with, etc. Cannibal, kan'nY-bal, n. One who eats human flesh ;

Cam-wood, kam'wiSod, n. A hard, red dye-wood, from a man-eater.

Sierra Leone. Canron, kan'un, n. A hollow metal cylinder closed
Can, kan, n. A cup or vessel for liquids. —
r. t. [canned
(kand), canning.] To preserve in cans, as fish, veg-
etables, etc. —
Can'akin, -nikin, n. A little can.
Can, kan, v. i. [imp. could.] To be able; to have power.
Canaille, ka-naK or ka'na'y', n. The lowest class of
people; the rabble; vulgar; shorts, or low grades of
flour.
Canal, ka-naK, n. An artificial water-course, esp. one
for boats. (Anat.) A
duct for the passage of liquids
A, cascabel; B, first re-en-
or solids. I of the muzzle F, triinn-;

Canard, kan-ar' or kan-ard', n. An extravagant fabri- force ;C, second re-en- ion G, rim-base a. base-
; ;

cation. [F.] force; D, chase; E, swell |

ring; b, base of the breech,
Canary, ka-na'r Y, n. Wine made in the Canary Isles. at one end, for throwing balls by the force of gun-
— Cana'ry-bird, -berd, n. A singing bird of the powder. (Mecli.) A
hollow cylindrical piece, inclos-
finch family, native in, etc. ing a revolving shaft. —
Cannonade, -ad', n. Act of
Cancan, k&N-kaN or kan'kan, n. Scandal; tittle-tat- attacking with balls from cannon, —v. t. To attack
tle; an indecent French dance. [F.] with artillery. — v. To discharge cannon.
i.
Cancel, kan'sel, v. t. [canceled (-seld), -celing.] Cannot, kan 'not. To be unable, [can and not, usu-
To cross and deface the lines of, blot out, destrov, ally united in writing and printing.]
obliterate, erase, abrogate, do away. (Print.) To Cannular, kan'u-lar, a. Having the form of a tube
suppress and reprint. —
n. (Print.) The suppression tubular.
;

and reprinting of a part of a work; the part thus al- Canny, kan'nY, Gentle; cautious; harmless; good.
a.
tered.
Cancer, kan'ser, n. The crab. (Astron.) A sign in
Canoe, ka-noo', w. A
boat formed of a tree trunk ex-
cavated or of bark or skins.
the zodiac, denoting the northern limit of the sun's Canon, kan'un, n. A
law or rule, esp. an ecclesias-
course. (Med.) A livid, scirrhous tumor, usually tical law, or rule of doctrine or discipline the gen- ;
terminating in an ulcer, and rarely cured.— Cancer- uine books of the Scriptures a catalogue of saints.
a tion, n. A
growing cancerous. —
Can'cerous, -us, (Mus.) A
continued fugue a round. One who
;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 CANON 53 CAPITAL
holds a prebend in a ca- — Can'vas-back, n. A species of sea-duck, named

Aa
thedral, etc. (Print.) The from the markings of its plumage. — Can' vass, v. t.
largest size of type having [canvassed (-vast), -vassing.] To sift, strain, exam-
a specific name, —former- ine thoroughly, discuss, debate; to go through in the
ly used for printing the —
way of solicitation. v. i. To solicit votes or inter-
canons of the church. — est. — n. Close inspection to know the state of; ex-
Can'oness, n. A woman amination in the way of discussion a solicitation
who enjoys a prebend. —
pin on TVn
Canon iypeP or effort to obtain something. Can'vasser, n. One — ;

Canon'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to

*
who solicits votes or subscriptions, or examines re-
a canon; according to the canon or rule. Canon'- — turns of votes.
ically, adv. —
Canon'icalness, n.— Canon 'icals, -alz,
;

Canyon. See Canon^

n. pi. Full clerical dress.— Canon'icate. -ik-at, Can'- Caoutchouc, koo'chook, n. An elastic substance, ob-
onry, -rf, -onship, n. The office of a canon. Can- — j
tained fr. the juice of several tropical plants; India
onicity, -is'T-tT, n. State of belonging to the canon, I
rubber; gum elastic.
or genuine books of Scripture canonicalness.— Can'- Cap, kap, n. A covering for the head; a cover; top. v. —
—
;

onist, n. A professor of canon law.

j

Canonist 1c, a. t. [capped (kapt), capping.] To cover the top or end

j

Pert, to a canonist.— Can 'onize, -Iz, ?;. t. [-iZED(-izd), i

of; to render corn plete, consummate; to provide with
-izing.] (Bom. Catk. Church.) To place upon the a cap. — Cape, kap, n. Part of a garment, covering
catalogue of saints. —
Canoniza'tion, n. Ceremony
I

i the shoulders; a cloak.— Caparison, ka-par'I-sun, n.

or act of placing one deceased in the catalogue of The covering of a horse trappings gay clothing.
saints state of being canonized. Can'on law. —
!

— v. t.
;

[-soned (-sund), -soning.] To_cover with,

;

(Eccl.) The law sanctioned by the church of Rome,

j

etc. to dress. —
Capoch, -pouch, ka-pooch', n. A
Canon, Canyon, kan'yun, n. A
gorge, ravine, or
j
;

monk's hood the hood of a cloak. v. t. To cover

; —
gulch, worn by streams. with a hood; to hoodwink or blind. Capote. -of, —
Canopy, kan'o-pt, n. A
covering over a throne, bed, ??. A long cloak for women a hooded cloak for sol-
;

etc., or overhead. (Arch.) An ornamental projec- diers, sailors, etc. [F.] —

Cap'uchin', -u-shen', n.
tion over doors, windows, niches, etc. v. t. [cano- — i A Franciscan monk, whose dress includes a cowl
pied (-pid), -pying.] To cover with, etc. hooded cloak for women; a kind of pigeon.
Cant, kant, v. t. To incline, or place upon edge, as a ;
ka'pa-bl a. Possessing ability, qualifica-
able, ka'pa-bl,
Capable,
cask; to give a sudden turn or impulse to; to cut off tion, or susceptibility; able; fitted; effective; skill-
an angle from. —
n. An inclination from a horizon- ful.— Capability, Ca'pableness, n.
tal line a thrust, push, etc., with a jerk.
; Cantle, — Capacious, ka-pa'shus, a. Having capacity; spacious;
kan'tl, n. A fragment, corner, or edge of anything; extended having ability to take large views of things
:

the hind-bow of a saddle. —

Cant'let, n. A piece. — j

broad comprehensive Jiberal.

; Capa'ciousness, —
—
I
;

Cant 'hook, n. A lever with a hook at the end, for n. Capacitate, -pas'Y-tat, v. t. To render capable,
canting, or turning over, heavy logs.
|

qualify. — Capac'ity, -tT, n. Power of receiving or

Cant, k8nt, v. i. To speak in a whining voice, or an af- j
containing; extent of room or space; ability; element
fected, singing tone; to make whining pretensions to of power condition or circumstances character.
; ;

—
goodness. n. An affected mode of speaking; a word I (Law.) Aptitude or qualification, as of age, resi-
or phrase hackneyed, corrupt, or peculiar to some I
dence, etc. (Geom.) The solid contents of a body,
profession; religious phraseology; secret language of Cap-a-pie, ip'a-pe'. From head to foot. [OF.]
gypsies, thieves, beggars, etc. —
a. Affected, inele-
j

Caparison See under Cap.

gant, vulgar, —
said of language. Cape, kap, n. Part of a garment covering the shoulders.
Can't, kant. A
colloq. contr. for can not. A neck of land extending into the sea a headland. ;

Cantaleup, -loupe, kan'ta-loop, n. variety of musk- A Capellet, kap'el-et, n. (Far.) A

wen-like swelling on
melon. a horse's hock.
Cantalever, kan'ta-lev-er, Cantilever, kan'tl-, n. Caper, ka'per, v. i. To leap or jump about, spring,
(Arch.) A
bracket to support dance. — n. Afrolicsome leap; a skip; jump.
a balcony, eaves of a house, etc. Caper, ka'per, n. (Bot.) The flower-bud or unex-
Cantankerous, kan-tan'ker-us, a. panded flower of the caper-bush, used for pickling.
Very vile or bitter perverse Capias, ka'pl-as, n. (Law.) A
writ or process ordering
malicious contentious.
;
;

Can- — ;

the arrest of the person named in it writ of capias. ;

tan'kerousneBs, n. Capillary, kap'il-la-rt or ka-pil'la-rf, a. Resembling

Cantata, kan-ta'ta or -ta'ta, n. a hair; long and slender; pert, to capillary tubes or
(Mus.) A
poem set to music. Cantalever
CAPITALS.
— Cantab'ile, -t-la, Cantilena, -te-la'na, n. piece A
suited for singing a melody. [It.]
; Can'ticle, -tl- —
kl, n. A
little song; pi. the Song of Solomon, a book j

of the Old Testament.— Can^tillate, v.t. To chant.— i

Can'to, n. ; pi. Can'tos, -toz. chief division, orA !

book, of a poem. (3fus.) The soprano, or highest part.

—
I

[It.] Can'tor, n. _The leader of a choir; precentor.

Canteen, -tine, kan-ten', n. A
soldier's vessel for car-
|

rying liquor. —
Cantiniere, -ten'yar, n. female A
sutler; a vivandiere. [F.]
Canter, kan'ter, n. An easy gallop. v. is [can- — |

tered, (-terd), -tering.] To move, as a horse, in

a canter. —
v. t. To ride upon, etc.
Cantharis, kan'tha-ris, n. ; pi. -tharides, -thar'Y-dez.
(Entom.) A
coleopterous insect or beetle, used for
blistering; Spanish fly.
Canticle, Canto, Cantor, etc. See under Cantata.
Cantle, Cantlet. See under Cant.
Canton, kan'ton or kan-ton', n. small portion of A
territory, constituting a government; a part, or di-
vision. —
v. t. [cantoned (kan'tond or kan-tond'),
-toning.] To divide into districts or portions; to
allot separate quarters to, as to troops. Can'tonal, —
a. Pert, to, or divided into, etc. Can'tonize, v. t. —
To divide into, etc. —
Can'tonment, n. A division
of a town, etc., assigned to particular troops.
Canton flannel._See Cotton-flannel, under Cotton.
Cantoon, kan-toon', n. A kind of strong fustian.
Canvas, kan'vas, n. A
coarse cloth of nemp or flax,
Doric.
for tents, sails, painting, etc.; the sails of a vessel.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CAPITOL 54 CARD
metropolis a stock employed in trade, manufactures,
:
— Captivity, State of being a prisoner
-tiv'I-tT, n.
etc.; means of increasing one's power influence. ; or under control: subjection.— Cap'tor, : ter, n. One
{Print.) A
letter such as is used at the beginning who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. [L.] Capture, —
of a sentence or proper name, and distinguished by kap'chur, n. Act of taking by force; seizure; thing
form dr size ~ taken.— v. t. To take by force, surprise, or stratagem.
from the lower ABCDEF
.

ABCDEF Capuchin. See under Cap.

Caput Mortuum, ka'put-mor'tu-um. Residuum of dis-
tillation or sublimation worthless residue.
:

{Fort.) The line bisecting the salient angle of a rav- Car, kar, n. A small vehicle moved on wheels; a rail-
elin. See Ravelin. —
Capitalist, n. man of A road carriage; a chariot of war.— Carry, kSr'ri, r.
large property. —
Capitalize, -iz, v. t. To convert t. [carried (-rid), carrying.] To convey or trans-
into capital, as money or stock to commence with : port to bear, cause to move forward, urge, im-
—
:

a capital letter. Cap'italizalion, n. xlct of con- pel; to transfer from one place to another; to effect,
verting, etc. use of capital letters.
; Capitally, — accomplish: to obtain possession of by force to
adv. —Capita lion, n. A numbering of persons bear the aspect of, exhibit, imply: to' behave, con-
;

a tax upon each head poll-tax capitation tax.

; ;
;

duct, demean. v. t. —
To convey or propel; to bear.
Capitol, kapl-tol. n. The temple of Jupiter, in Rome: — Car'riage, -rii, n. Act of carrying; that which
the edifice occupied by a legislature; government- carries; a vehicle; manner of carrying one's self; de-
house. meanor; conduct. —
Carriageable, -rij-a-bl, a. Pass-
Capitular, ka-pifu-lar, a. Pert, to a chapter. (Bot.) able by carriages. —
Car'rier, -rT-er, n. —Carriole,
Growing in small heads, as dandelions. Capif- — -I-ol, n. A small open carriage.— Car'ry-all, -rT-awl,
ular, -ulary, -u-la-rl, n. An act passed in a chapter n. A light, four-wheeled one-horse covered vehicle.
of knights, canons, etc.: a collection of laws or — Cartrkiirt, n. A two-wheeled vehicle for loads. —
statutes a member of a chapter. Capit 'ulary, a. — v. t. To carry in, etc. —Carthage, n. Act of, etc.
;

Pert, to the chapter of a cathedral. Capit'ulate, — '

price paid for, etc.— Cart'er, n. —

Cart'wright, -lit,
;

-u-lat, v. i. To surrender on stipulated terms, as n. A maker of, etc.

an army, etc. —
Capit ula'tion, n. reducing to A Carack. Carrack, k&r'ak, n. A
large ship of burden
heads or articles act of surrendering, etc. an in- formerly used by the Portuguese.
—
; :

strument containing the terms of surrender. Ca- Caracole, kSr'a-kol, /;. A half turn made by a horse-
pit'ula'tor, n. man. (Arch.) A
spiral staircase. v. i. "To move —
Capivi, ka-pe've, n. A balsam. in, etc.; to wheel.
Capoch, Capouch, Capote. See under Cap. A glass decanter.
Carafe, ka-raf '. n.
Capon, ka'pn or ka'pun, n. cock gelded to im- A Caragheen. See Carrageen.
prove his flesh forthe table. Caramel, kar'a-mel, n. (Chem.) A black, porous sub-
Caponiere, kap-o-ner', n. (Fort.) work placed in A !
stance obtained by heating sugar to about 400°. A
a ditch for its defense by fire-arms; often serving as confection made of chocolate, butter, and molasses
a covered passage-way. or sugar.
Caporal, kap'o-ral, n. A kind of smoking tobacco. Carapace, kar'a-pas. Car'apax, n. A thick shell, cov-
Capot, ka-pot', ??. A
winning of all the tricks of ering the turtle's back; upper shell of crabs, etc.
cards at the game of _piquet. CaraC kar'at, v. A jewelers' weight of 4 grains,
Capreolate, kap're-o-lat, a. (Bot.) Having tendrils, j
used in weighing precious stones; a l-24th part, a —
or spiral claspers. denomination used in determining the proportionate
Caprice, ka-pres', n. Sudden or unreasonable change fineness of gold, which is supposed to be divided
—
!

of mind; fickleness; freak: whim vagary. Capri- ; into 24 equal parts.

cious, -prish'us, a. Governed by caprice; unsteady: I
Caravan, k&r'a-van or kar-a-van', n. A company of
captious. — Capri'ciously, adv. travelers, pilgrims, etc., traveling together for se-
Capricorn, kap'rl-kom, n. (Astron.) The 10th sign curity: a large carriage on springs, or train of car-
of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter riage's, for conveying wild beasts, etc. Caravan'- —
solstice, about Dec. 21st. sary, -sa-rT, -serai, -se-ri, n. An
Eastern inn, where
Capsicum, kap'si-kum, n. A genus of plants produ- caravans rest at night.
cing red or Cayenne pepper.— Cap'sicine, -sT-sin, n. ] Caraway, kar'a-wa, n. (Bot.) A
biennial aromatic
(Ch'em.) The active principle of etc. , I
plant of the parsley family, and its seed. sweet- A
Capsize, kap-siz', v. t. [-sized (-slzd'). -sizing]. To meat containing caraway seeds.
upset or overturn, as a vessel. n. An overturn. — •
Carbine, kar'bTh. Carabine, kar'a-bTn, n. (Mil.) A
Capstan, kap'stan, n. (Naut.) machine to weigh A light musket used by mounted troops.
anchor or draw up great weights, Carbon, kiir'bon, n. '(Chem.) An elementary sub-
operating with a cable wound stance, forming the base of charcoal, entering large-
round it like a wheel and axle. ly into mineral coals and graphite, and in its pure
Capsule, kap'sul, n. (Bot.) A crystallized state constituting the diamond. Car'- —
seed-pod or pericarp. (Chem.) bonate. n. A
salt formed by the union of carbonic
A clay saucer for roasting or acid with a base. —
Carbonic, a. Of, or pert, to,
melting samples of ores, etc.; an carbon. —
Carbonic acid. An acid composed of 1
evaporating dish. (Physiol.) A part of carbon and 2 of oxygen, —
a heavy gas, unfit
small membranous sac. A me- for respiration. —
Carboniferous, -if'er-us, a. Pro-
talliccover for closing a bottle. ducing, or containing, carbon or coal. Car'bonize, —
A percussion cap. capstan. v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To convert into carbon.
Captain, kap'tan, n. The military officer command — Car'boniza'tion, n. Act or process of, etc. Car- —
ing a company or troop also the commander of a; bolic acid. A substance obtained by distillation
ship, foreman of workmen, etc.: a military leader: of coal tar, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant ;

warrior. — Captain-general. (Mil.) A commander- phenic alcohol; phenol.

in-chief. —
C. -lieutenant. An officer, who, with the Carboy, kiir'boi, n. A
large glass bottle, inclosed in
rank of captain, and pay of lieutenant, commands basket-work.
—
a company or troop. 'Cap'taincy, -si, n. Rank, Carbuncle, kar'bun-kl. n. (Min.) gem of a deep A
post, or commission of, etc. red color, with a mixture of scarlet. (Med.) A ma-
Caption, kap'shun, n. (Law.) That part of a legal lignant boil.
instrument which shows where, when, and by what Carcass. Carcase, kar'kas, n. The dead body of an
authority, it was taken, found, or executed. The j
animal; corpse: the body, in contempt: decaying re-
heading of a chapter, section, or page. mains, as of a ship: the frame of a thing, unfinished
Captious, kap'shus, a. Apt to find fault or cavil; !
or without ornament. (Mil.) A
vessel holding com-
fitted to catch or perplex petulant; fretful.— Cap'-
; bustibles, to be thrown from a mortar.
tive, -tiv, n. A
prisoner taken in war; one charmed Card, kard, n. A
piece of pasteboard or thick paper,
or subdued by beauty, excellence, or affection, —a. I
for various uses: a published note of statement, ex-
Made prisoner; kept in bondage: serving to confine; planation, request, etc.; a paper on which the points
pert, to bondage.— Cap'tivate, v. t. Lit., to capture; of the compass are marked. v. i. —
To play at cards.
to overpower with excellence or beauty, fascinate. I
Card, kard, n. An instrument for combing wool or

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 CARDAMOM 55 CARVE
flax, or forcleaning the hair of animals. v. t. To — resents undraped flesh. (Bot.) species of clove- A
comb with a card to mix, or debase by mixing. — pink. —
Car'nifica'tion, n. turning to flesh.—A
Card'ing-en'gine, -machine'', n.
;

A machine for Car'nify, -II, v. i. To form flesh. Carniv'ora, -o-ra, —

combing, breaking, and cleansing wool or cotton, n. pi. An order of animals which subsist on flesh.r
and forming it into a roll. — Carnivorous, -rus, a. Flesh-eating. Carnos' - —
Cardamom, kar'da-mom, n. leguminous plant of A ity, -nos-i-tT, n. A
fleshy excrescence; fleshiness. —
Caruncle, kar-un kl, n. (Anat.) A small fleshy ex-
/,
the East Indies, whose seeds are used in medicine.
Cardiac, kiir'dr-ak, -diacal, -di'ak-l, a. (Anat.) Pert, crescence. (Bot.) An appendage at the hilum or
to or resembling the heart, also to the upper orifice scar of a seed. (Zool.) A
naked fleshy excrescence
of the stomach. Exciting action in the heart, on a bird's head.
through the medium of the stomach. Car'diac, n. — Carnelian. See Cornelian.
(Med.) A medicine which excites action in the Carnival, kar'ni-val, n. A
festival celebrated before
stomach, and animates the spirits; a cordial. Lent.
Cardinal, kar'd Y-nal, a. Of fundamental importance Carol, kar'ol, n. A
song of joy or mirth; a lay; a de-
preeminent chief principal. n. (Ro n. Cath. — votional song. v. t. —[caroled (-old), -oling.] To
;

Church.) One of the ecclesiastical princes of the

;

celebrate in song. —
v. i. To sing in joy or festivity
pope's council. Awoman's short cloak; mulled red warble.
wine. —
Cardinal numbers. The numbers 1, 2, 3, Carotid, ka-rot'id, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 large ar-
etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., teries conveying blood
to the head.
which are called ordinal numbers. C. points. — Carouse, ka-rowz', v. i. [caroused (-rowzd'), ca-
(Geog.) North and south, east and west. C. vir- — rousing.] To drink abundantly. v. t. To drink —
tues. (Antiq.) Prudence, justice, temperance, and freely or jovially. n. — A
drinking match or season
fortitude. —
Car'dinalate, -at, -ship, n. Office, rank, of carousal.
etc., of a cardinal. Carp, karp, v. i. To censure, cavil, or find fault, esp.
Cardoon, kar-doon'', n. salad plant. A without reason. — n. A
Care, kar, n. Charge or oversight, implying responsi- family of soft-finned,
bility; attention or heed; caution; solicitude; watch- fresh-water fishes.
fulness; burdensome sense of responsibility ; trou- Carpal. See under Carpus.
ble; theobjectof attention or anxiety, —v.i. [cared Carpel, kar'pel, n. (Bot.)
(kard), caring.] To be anxious or solicitous; to be A
simple pistil, or one of
concerned; to be inclined or disposed. Care'ful, — the parts of a compound
-ful, a. Attentive thoughtful cautious full of Pistil.
r
^ „ rn
;

—
;

—
;

ll
care or solicitude. Care'fully, adv. Care'ful- Carpenter, kar'pen-ter, n.
ness, n. —
Care'less, a. Having no care; inatten- Aworker in timber; aframer and builder of houses,
tive negligent heedless unthinking free from ships, etc. —
Car'pentry, -trf, n. Art of cutting,
anxiety
;

_Care
/r
/
.
—
'lessly, adv.
;

— Carelessness, n.
; ;

framing, and joining timber timbers connected by ;

Careen, lca-ren v. t. (Naut.) To heave on one side, being framed together, etc.
calk, repair, cleanse, etc. — v.
,

as a ship, to To in- i. Carpet, kar'pet, n. A

heavy fabric for covering floors.
cline to one side. —v. t. To cover with, etc. Car'pet-bag, n. A —
Career, ka-rer', n. A
race-course rapidity of mo- traveling-bag, —
orig. made of carpet. Car'peting, —
tion ; a race course_ of proceeding procedure.
;
;

;
— n. Materials for carpets; carpets in general.
v. i. [careered (-rerd'), careering.] To move Carpus, kar'pus, n. That part of the skeleton form-
rapidly. ing the wrist, consisting of 8 bones, in 2 rows. Car' - — -

Caress, ka-res'', v. t. [caressed (-rest'), caressing.] Pert, to, etc.

pal, a.
To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to Carriage, Carrier, etc. See under Car.
fondle. n. —
Act of endearment. Carrion, kar'ri-un, n. Dead and putrefying flesh. —
Caret, ka'ret, n. (Print.) mark [a] indicating A a. Pert, to, or feeding on, etc.
something omitted, either interlined above, or in- Carrom, kar'um, n. (Billiards.) The act of hitting
serted in the margin. two balls at once_with the ball struck by the cue.
Cargo, kar'go. n. ; pi. Car'goes, -goz. The lading or Carronade, k&r-un-ad / n. A
short cannon, formerty
',

freight of a ship. used on ships.

Caribou, kar'I-boo, n. The American reindeer. Carrot, kar'ut, n. A
plant having an esculent root.
Caricature, kar'T-ka-choor', n. The exaggeration of Carry, Cart, Carter, etc. See under Car.
that which is characteristic; a picture or description Carte, kart, n. A
bill of fare at a hotel.— Carte-blanche,
in which peculiarities are so exaggerated as to ap- -blaNsh, n. A
blank paper, signed, to be filled up as
pear ridiculous, —v. t. [-tured (-choord r ), -Tur- the holder pleases unconditional terms unlimited
—
; ;

ing.] To make a caricature of. authority. C. -de-visite, -de-ve-zet', n. photo- A

Caries, ka'ri-ez, n. (3fed.) An ulceration of bone. graphic picture of the size of a visiting card. [F.] —
— Ca'rious, -rT-us, a. Affected with, etc. Cartel, kar-teK or kar'tel, n. (Mil.) writing or A
Carinate, k&r'I-nat, -nated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like agreement between belligerents, as for exchange of
the keel of a ship. prisoners.— Cartography, n. Art of making charts
Cariole. See under Car. or maps. —
Car'ton. n. Pasteboard; cardboard a
—
;

Carl, karl, n. rude, . A rustic, box of, etc. [F.] Cartoon, -toon'", n. (Paint.) A
rough man
a kind of hemp.
; design on strong paper, to be painted in fresco. A
Carline, kar'lin, Car'ling, n. colored design for mosaic, tapestry, etc.
(Naut.) A
timber, ranging fore Cartesian, kar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to the French philos-
and aft, from one deck beam
Carinated leaf.
opher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. n. fol- — A
to another, directly over the lower of, etc.
keel, serving as a foundation for the body of the Carthusian, kar-thoo'zhan, n. One of a religious or-
ship. der named fr. Ch.artreux, France. a. Pert, to, etc. —
Carmelite, kar'mel-it, n. A monk of the order of Cartilage, kar'ti-lej, n. (Anat.) A smooth, whitish,
Mount Carmel, Syria; a kind of pear. elastic substance gristle.;
—
Cartilaginous, -laj'T-
Carminative, kar-min /'a-tiv, a. Expelling wind from nus, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.
the body; warming. n. (Med.) —
medicine tend- A Cartouche, kar-toosh-', n. (Arch.) A scroll-shaped tab-
ing to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulen- let: a modillion. (Mil.) A case of paper, etc., hold-
cies. ing a charge for a fire-arm the box containing the
;

Carmine, kar'mln, n. A pigment of crimson color, charge; a case filled with balls, to be shot from a
prepared from cochineal. cannon; a soldier's ticket of leave or dismission. —
Carnage, kar'nej, n. The flesh of slain animals; Car'tridge, -trij, n. (Mil.) A
case of paper, paste-
slaughter massacre havoc.
; Car'nal, a. Pert, to
; — board, etc., containing a charge for a fire-arm.
flesh; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; Caruncle, etc. See under Carnage.
lustful; lecherous: libidinous. Carnality, n. Sen- — Carve, karv, v. t. [carved (karvd), carving.] To
suality. — Car'nalize, -iz, v. t. [-nalized (-nal-lzd), cut, as wood, stone, etc., in a decorative manner;
-izing.] To make carnal.— Carna'tion, n. Flesh- to shape by cutting; to cut into pieces; to distribute
color. (Paint.) That part of a picture which rep- or apportion to. —
v.i. To exercise the trade of a

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bosboN, chair, get.
 CARYATES 56 CASUAL
carver; to cut up meat. —
Carv'er, re. Carv'ing, — Cassock, kas'sok, n. (Eccl.) clergyman's garment, A
n. Act or art of cutting wood, stone, etc., also meat worn under the surplice or gown.
at table; device or figure carved. Cassowary, kas'so-wa-rl, re. bird of Java, resem- A
Caryates, ka-rT-a'tez, -atides, -at'i-dez, v. pi. (Arch.) bling the ostrich.
Figures of women, serving as columns to support Cast, kast, v. t. [cast, casting.] To send or drive
entablatures. from by force; to throw, fling, impel; to direct, or
Cascabel, kas'ka-bel, n. That part of a cannon back turn, as the sight; to throw on the ground, as in
of the base-ring. See Cannon. wrestling; to overcome to throw oft, or shed; to ;

Cascade, kas-kad', n. waterfall. A compute, reckon; to make to preponderate; to form,

Cascarilla, kas-ka-riKla, re. A
plant of Jamaica, by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to found; to
whose_bark is used in medicine as a tonic. distribute, as the parts of a play among actors. v. i. —
Case, kas, n. A
covering, box, or sheath: that which To revolve in the mind; to receive form or shape;
incloses or contains; quantity contained in a box. to warp. (Naut.) To fall off, so as to bring the
(Print.) A
frame subdivided into " boxes " to hold ship's side to the wind. —
re. Act of casting; a throw;

. type for the compositor. v. t. —

[cased (kast), ca- thing thrown distance through which anything is
;

sing.] To cover with or put in a case. Cashing, n. — thrown; a chance or venture; act of casting in a
Act of covering any object with a thin substance; mold form into which anything is cast or molded;
—
;

an outside covering. Case'ment, re. hinged A thing cast in a mold; manner of appearance; assign-
window case or frame; a hollow molding. ment of actors' parts in a play; company of actors to
Case, kas, n. That which falls, comes, or happens; an whom the parts are assigned; a motion or turn, as
event; circumstance; a particular instance; situa- of the eye. —
Cast'er, n. One who, etc. a phial or ;

tion; state; plight; a state of iV.cts involving a ques- cruet f ortable condiments, or stand containing them
tion for discussion, esp. a cause in court. (Gram.) a swiveled wheel on which furniture is rolled. —
The form of nouns, indicating their relations to the Cast'ing, n. Act of, etc.; thing cast in a mold; the
sentence. warping of a board. Cast'ing-net, n.— fishing A
Caseine, ka'se-in, re. (Chen.) The curd or coagula- net which is cast and drawn. C. voice, C. vote. —
ble part of milk; the basis of cheese. Ca'seous, -se- — Vote of a presiding officer, determining the ques-
us, a. Pert, to, or like, cheese. tion, when the votes of the house are equally di-
Casemate, kas'mat, re. vided. —
Cast'away, re. An abandoned person; a
(Fort.) A bomb-proof reprobate. —
Casfoff, a. Laid aside; disused.
chamber from which Castanet, kas'ta-net, re. A
noise-making instrument
cannon may be fired composed of spoon-shaped shells of ivory or wood,
through embrasures. clapped together by the fingers.
— Case'mated, a. Caste, kast, n. One of the hereditary social classes in
Furnished w i t h or , India; a separate and fixed order or class of society.
built like, etc. Castigate, kas'tl-gat, v. t. To punish by stripes, cor-
Casern, kVzern, re. A net, chastise. —
Castiga'tion, n. Punishment by,
lodging for soldiers in Casemate. etc.
garrison towns; bar- Castle, kas'l, n. A fortified residence, esp. of a prince
a Casemate. gun at B A
Cas h, kash, re. Coin or lvould fi re through"the em- .

specie, -also bank- Erasure ra the wall a gun ;

notes or paper con- at C-would fire en barbette, or

vertible into money; over the parapet. D, a para-
a Chinese copper pet; E, scarp-wall, the outer
coin, perforated and face of which is the scarp ;
strung on a thread. a b, terre-plein.
worth about one tenth of a cent. v. t. [cashed —
(kashd), cashing.] To turn into cash exchange
for money. —
Cash'-book, n. A book in which to
;

register money received or paid. Cashier, -er', n. —

One in charge of the money, accounts, payments,
etc., in a bank, etc. a cash-keeper.;

Cashew, ka-shoo', n. A South American tree of the

sumac family.
Cashier, kash-er', v. t. [cashiered (-erd'), cashier-
ing.] To dismiss from an office or place of trust,
by annulling the commission of; to discard from
service or from society. —
Cassation, re. Act of an-
Ancient Castle.
nulling. 1, moat: 2, draw-bridge; cell ; 15, donjon or keep;
Cashmere, kash'mer, n. A
kind of shawl, orig. made ", wicket; sallyport; 5,
4, Hi, barracks : 17, barba-
in Cashmere, in Asia; a woolen stuff imitating true portcullis; 6, outer walls; can 18, watchman 19,
cashmere. —
Cashmeref, n. A
kind of ladies' dress 7,parapet; 8, rampart: 9, turret
;

20, ;chapel 21, ;

;

goods, in imitation of, etc. loop-holes; 10, escutch- belfry; 22, state court; 23,
Cashoo. Same as Catechd. eon; 11, bulwark; 12, sen- merlons ; 24, embra-
Casino, ka-se'no, n. A
small country house; a club- tinel; 13, magazine; 14, a sures.
house. —
Cassino, -se'no, n. game at cards. A
Cask, kask, n. A
close vessel for liquids, made of or nobleman; a fortress; a piece in the game of
staves, hoops, etc.; quantity contained in a cask. chess. —
v. t. In chess, to cover with a castle, said —
—Casque, Cask, kask, re. A
piece of defensive ar- of the king, when neither piece has been previously
mor for the head and neck a helmet. ; moved, and the king has not been in check. v. t. —
Casket, kask'et, re. A
small chest or box, for jewels, In chess, to cover the king with a castle.
etc.; a coffin. Castor. See Caster, under Cast.
Cassation. See under Cashier. Castor, kas'tSr,«. A
genus of animals, including the
Cassava, kas'sa-va, n. (Bot.) A
species of manihot, beaver: a substance of penetrating smell and bitter
yielding tapioca. taste, found in the inguinal sacs of the beaver; a
Casse-paper, kas'se-pa'per, re. Broken paper; the out- hat, esp. one made of beaver's fur; a heavy broad-
side quires of a ream. cloth. —Cas'tor-oil. The oil of a West Indian
Cassia, kash r a, n. (Bot.) A
genus of leguminous plant, —
a cathartic.
plants, including senna; a species of laurel. (Com.) Castrate, kas'trat, v. t. To deprive of the testicles,
The cheaper kinds of cinnamon. emasculate, geld. — Castra'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Cassimere, kas'sT-mer, n. A
twilled woolen cloth, for Castrel, kas'trel, Kes'trel, n. hawk resembling the A
men's garments. sparrow-hawk.
Cassiterite, kas-sifer-It, n.
nary tin ore.
Oxide of tin, — the ordi- Casual, kazh'u-al, a. Happening without design ;

coming without regularity; accidental; incidental;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 8dd, tone, Or
 OAT 57 CATHOLIC
occasional. — Cas'ualty, n. That which, etc. ; an ing.] To seize, esp. with the hand; to take captive,
accident ; death misfortune.
;
—
Cas'ualism, -izm, as in a snare ; to entangle to communicate to,
;

n. The doctrine that all things occur by chance.— fasten upon; to engage and attach to, charm ; to re-
Cas'uist, -u-ist, n. One who .studies and resolves ceive, esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, or infec-
cases of conscience. —
Casuistic, -ical, a. Pert, to tion; to come upon unexpectedly ; to find ; to over-
cases of conscience, or of doubtful propriety.— Cas'- take.—!', i. To be held or impeded by entangle-
uistry, -rf, n. Science of determining the right or ment to spread by infecting. n. Act of seizing ;
;
—
wrong of acts and opinions of doubtful propriety. seizure that which catches or is caught; gain ; a
;

Cat, kat, n. (Zobl.) A

well-known domestic animal. passing opportunity improved. (Mus.) humorous A
(Naut.) A ship having narrow stern, projecting round, in which the singers catch up each other's
quarters, and deep waist tackle to draw an anchor
; sentences.
up to the cat-head. A
double tripod; a game at ball; Catch, kach, Cutch, kuch, n. Commercial names for
a kind of whip. —v. t. (Xaitt.) To bring up to the Catechu, q. v.
cat-head, as an anchor.— Cat ''amount, n. species A — Catchup, kach'up, Cat'sup, Ketch'up, n. A sauce
of panther found in the northern United States. made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
Cat'erwaul, -er-wawl, v. i. To cry as cats in rutting Catechise, kafe-kiz, v. t. [-chised (-kizd), -chising.]
time. — Cat'gut, n. Cord, esp. strings for musical in- To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers,
struments, made from the intestines of animals, esp. and explaining and correcting, esp. concerning —
of sheep; a kind of canvas, with wide interstices.— points of religious faith to interrogate.— Cat'echism,
;

Cat'kin.w. (Bot.) An anient; a kind -kizm, n. A form of instruction by questions and

of inflorescence, consisting of overlap- answers; a book of principles, esp. of religious doc-
ping scales. — Cat'like, a. Stealthy ; trine, in the form of, etc. —
Cat'echist, n. One who,
noiseless. — Catling, n. A little cat; etc. —Catechist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to a catechist or
moss, like cat's hair, growing about catechism.— Catechetlc, -ical, -ket'ik-al, a. Pert.
to
trees; catgut. (Surg.) A double-edged, or consisting in, asking questions, etc.
to, Cate- —
sharp-pointed dismembering knife.— chefically, adv. —
Catechumen, -ku'rnen, n. One
Cat'bird, n. An American bird of the receiving rudimentary instruction in Christian doc-
thrush family. —boat, n. A small sail-
boat, with one sail on a mast close to
Catkin.
trines a neophyte.
;

Catechu, kat r e-ku, n. (Chem.) A brown, astringent,

A squeaking instru-
the bows. call, -pipe, n.
ment, to interrupt plays at theaters. fish, n. — A
vegetable extract, obtained in India.
Category, kafe-go-rY, n. (Logic.) One of the classes
large voracious fish of the arctic seas
American fresh-water fish. — also, an
har'ping, -har'pin, n.
(Xaut.) A rope or iron leg, to brace in the shrouds
; of objects of knowledge or thought, by which they
can be arranged in a system. State condition
—
; ;

of the lower masts behind the yards.

(Naut.) A
head, n.
timber projecting from the bow of a ship,
— predicament.

express.
;
Categorical, -gSr'ik-al, o. Pert, to,
etc. admitting no conditions or exceptions; absolute;
—
Categorically, adv.
through which ropes pass to raise the anchor. — Catenary, kafe-na-rY, n. (Geoni.) The curve of a
-hole, n. (Xaut.) One of two holes astern, to pass cord hanging between two points not in the same
hawsers through. — mint, -nip, n. (Bot.) A strong-
scented plant, sometimes used in medicine, and of
vertical line.
like a chain.
—
Cat'enary, -na/rian, a. Pert, to or
—
Catenate, -nat, v. t. To connect, in
nap, n. A short sleep.— —
which cats are fond.
-o'-nine-tails, n. A whip with nine lashes. stick, n.
A club used in the game of ball called cat. Cat's'-
—— a series of links.
as in a chain.
Catena'' tion, n. Union of parts,

Cater, ka'ter, v. i. [catered (-terd), catering.] To

cradle, n. A game played by children, with a string provide food, buy or procure provisions, purvey.
about the fingers. —
-eye, n. (Min.) A variety of Caterpillar, kafer-pil-ler, n. The larve of a butterfly
chalcedonv, exhibiting yellowish opalescent reflec- or lepidopterous insect.
tions. — paw, n. A dupe; the tool of another, fr.
the fable of the monkev's using the cat's paw to draw
— Caterwaul, Catharpin, etc. See under Cat.
Catharine - wheel,
chestnuts from the fire'. (Xaut.) A light air, rippling kath'a-rin-hwel,
the surface of still water; a peculiar turn in the bight n. (Goth. Arch.)
of a rope, to hook a tackle on. tail, n.— (Bot.) A
tall flag, with long flat leaves; a grass, called timothy
An ornamented
circular window,
and herd's grass ; a catkin. with rosettes or
Cataclysm, kafa-klizm, n. An extensive overthrow ;
radiating divis-
a deluge. ions. (Pyro-
Catacomb, kafa-kom, n. A cave or subterraneous techny.) A re-
place for the burial of the dead. volving wheel.
Catafalco, kat-a-f al'ko, -falque, -falk', n. temporary A {Fv.St. Catharine
structure of carpentry, used in funeral solemnities. o f Alexandria,
Catalectic, kat-a-lek'tik, a. (Pros.) Wanting a syl- represented with
lable at the end. a wheel, in allu-
Catalepsy, kafa-lep-sY, n. (Med.) A sudden suspen- sion to her mar-
Catharine- wheel "Window.
sion of the senses and of volition. —
Catalep'tic, a. tyrdom.]
Catalogue, kafa-log, n. A
list of names, titles, or Catharist, kath^a-rist, n. A
pretender to more pu-
articles arranged methodically.— 1\ t. To make a list rity than others possess. —
Cathartic, -thar'tik, -tic-
of. al, a. Cleansing the bowels; purgative. Cathar'- —
Catalpa, ka-tal'pa, n. A
tree of North America, hav- tic, n. A
medicine promoting alvme discharges.
ing large leaves and white flowers. Cathedra, ka-the r dra or kath'-, n. A
chair ; esp. the
Catamaran, kat'a-ma-ran'', n. A
raft of India and seat of one in authority. —
Cathe'dral, n. The prin-
Brazil, consisting of 3 connected logs, and moved cipal church in a diocese, where the bishop has his
by a sail a sail boat with an outrigger a large-
; ; official chair.— a. Pert, to, etc.; emanating from the
wheeled truck for transporting heavy weights a ; chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; au-
cantankerous old woman. thoritative.
Cataplasm, kafa-plazm, n. (Med.) A
poultice. Catheter, kath'e-tSr, n. (Surg.) A tubular instru-
Catapult, kafa-pult, n. An engine anciently used ment, introduced into the bladder to draw off urine.
for throwing stones, arrows, etc. Cathetometer, kath-e-tom'e-ter, n. An instrument
Cataract, kafa-rakt, n. A
waterfall. (Surg.) An for measuring differences of vertical heights.
opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule. Catholic, kath ? o-lik, a. Universal or general ; not
Catarrh, ka-tar'', n. (Med.) Inflammation of the mu- narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; pert, to,
cous membrane of the air passages, with discharge of or affecting, the Roman Catholics. n. member — A
a watery or glairy fluid. of the Rom. Cath. church.— Catholicity, -lis'T-tl, n.
Catastrophe, ka-tas'tro-fe, n. A final event, usually System of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox
of a calamitous nature; the unfolding and winding Christian church; also, by the church of Rome; lib-
up of the plot of a play; denouement. erality of sentiment; Catholicism. Catholicize, -T- —
Catch, kach, v. t. [caught or (obs.) catched. catch- siz, v. t. To become catholic or a Rom. Cath. Car- —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CATSUP 58 CELL
thol'icism, -i-sizm, re. Quality of being, etc.: the t. [caved (kavd), caving.] To make hollow. — v.
•
faith of the whole Christian church, or of the Rom. i. To dwell in a cave. — Cavity, kav'T-ti, n. A hol-
Cath. church; adherence to the Rom. Cath. church; low place; inclosed space; hollowness. — CaVern,
liberality of sentiment.— Cathol'icon, n. remedy A -ern, n. A deep hollow place in the earth; cave.—
for all diseases; panacea. Cav'ernous, -us, a. Full of caverns; hollow.
Catsup. See Catchup. Caveat, ka've-at, re. {Law.) A
notice to some officer
Cattle, kat'tl, re. pi. Domestic quadrupeds collective- not to do a certain act until the interested party is
ly, esp. those of the bovine genus. heard in opposition. {U. S. Bate,. I Laws.) A de-
Caucasian, kaw-ka'shan, n. One belonging to the scription of some invention, lodged in the office be-
Indo-European race, originating near Mt. Caucasus. fore the patent right is taken out, as a bar ho other
Caucus, kaw'kus, n. A
preparatory meeting for po- applications respecting the same invention. Intima-
litic il purposes. tion of caution; warning.
Caudal, kawTdal, a. Pert, to, or like, a tail. Cavendish, kav'en-dish, re. Tobacco softened and
Caudle, kaw'dl, n. A
warm drink for sick persons, pressed.
a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and Caviare, ka-ver', Caviar, kav'e-ar, n. The roes of
spices. — v. t. To make
into caudle. certain fish, prepared and salted, used as a relish, —
Cauf, kawf, n. A
chest with holes for keeping fish esp. in Russia.
alive in water; a vessel for raising coal from mines. Cavil, kav'il, v. i. [caviled (-iid), caviling.] To
Caufle, kaw'fl, n. A
gang of captured negroes; come. raise captious objections. re. —
false or frivolous A
Caught. See Catch. objection.
Caul, kawl, n. A net or covering for the head. (Anat.) Cavity. See under Cave.
A
membrane covering part of the lower intestines ; Cavort, ka-vorf, v. i. To bound, frisk, prance.
the omentum. A part of the membrane enveloping Caw, kaw, v. i. [cawed (kawd), cawlng.J To cry like
the fetus. a crow, or raven. — n. The noise of, etc.
Caulescent, kaw-les'ent, a. (Bot.) Having a true or Cawker. Same as Calkek.
perfect stem. —
Cau'licule, -lT-kul, n. {Bot.) A Cayenne Pepper, ka-en' pep'per. A very pungent
short stem. {Arch.) One of the curled tops in a pepper, the product of several species of Capsicum.
Corinthian capital. See Capital. Cayman, ka'man, n. ; pi. Cay'jians, -maiiz. A genus
Cauliflower, kaw'li-flow'er.re. variety of cabbage,A of American reptiles of the crocodile family; alli-
having edible flower-buds. gator.
Caulk, etc. See Calk. Cease, ses, v. i. [ceased (sest), ceasing.] To come
Cause, kawz, n. That which produces a result, or is to an end, desist, forbear, stop; to be wanting.—
the occasion of an action. {Law.) suit or action A v. t. To put a stop to, bring to an end.— Cease'less,
in court; a legal process; case. The side of a ques- a. Without cessation; incessant.— Ceaselessly, adv.
tion or controversy which one espouses and advo- — Cessa/tion, u. Act of discontinuing; stop; rest;
cates. —
v. t. [caused (kawzd), causing.] To effect intermission.
by agency, power, or influence; to produce, be the Cedar, sender, n. An evergreen tree of different spe-
occasion of.— Caus'er, re.— Cause'less, a. Uncaused c1e s . —
Ce'dar, -drine,
or uncreated, original in itself; without just cause, -drin, a, Pert, to, or made
reason, or motive. —
Caus'al, a. Relating to, imply- of, etc.
ing, or containing, etc. —
CausaKity, -zaKi-tl, n. Cede, sed, v. t. To yield
The agency of a cause. {Bhreii.) The faculty of or surrender, give up.
tracing effects to their causes. See Phrenology. — Cession, sesh'un, n. A
Causation, -za'shun, re. Act of causing; agency by yielding or surrender, as
which an effect is produced. Causa'tionism, -izm,— of property or rights, to
n. The doctrine that all things are produced through another ; act of ceding.
the agency of a causal force. Causa'tionist, n. — A Cedilla, se-dil'la, re. mark A
believer that, etc. —
Caus'ative, -tiv, a. Expressing under the letter c [g], to
a reason; causal; affecting, as acause oragent; caus- show that it is sounded
ing. like s; as in facade.
Causeuse, ko-zez', re. A lounge or sofa for two per- Ceil, sel, v. t. [ceiled
sons, sitting face to face. ( s e 1 d ), ceiling.] To Certir
Causeway, kawz'wa, Causey, kaw'zi, n. A paved or overlay or cover the ^eaar.
raised way over wet ground. inner roof of. - Ceiling, n. {Arch.) The upper, in
Caustic, kaws'tik, -tical, a. Destructive to the tex- terior surface of a room. {Naut.) Inside planks of
ture of anything; burning; corrosive: severe; satir- a ship.
ical; sharp. —
Caus'tic, n. Any substance, which, Celadon, seKa-don, n. A
pale sea-green color. [F.]
applied to animal substances, burns, or destroys the Celandine, seKan-din, re. A genus of plants of the
texture. {Opt.) A
caustic curve, a curve to which — poppy family; swallow-wort.
the rays of light, reflected or refracted by another Celebrate, sel'e-brat, v. t. To mention with praise,
curve, are tangents. —
Caus'tically, adv. Caustici- — extol; to honor by solemn rites, or by ceremonies of
ty, -tis'i-tl, re. Quality or property of, etc.; corro- joy and respect; to solemnize, commemorate. Cel- —
siveness; severity of language; sarcasm. Cau'ter, — ebrated, a. Having celebritv distinguished ; fa-
re. A
hot, searing iron. —
Cau'teriza'tion, n. {Surg.) mous. —
CeKebrant, n. One who performs a public
;

Act of burning a morbid part by application of fire. religious rite. —

Celebra'tion, re. Honor bestowed;
—Cau'terize, -Iz, v. t. [-terized (-Tzd), -izing.] To commemoration; praise; observance with appropri-
burn or sear with fire or hot iron. Cau'tery, -ter-Y, — ate ceremonies; solemnization. CeKebrator, -ter, —
re. A
burning, as of morbid flesh, bjr a hot iron, or n.— Celeb'rity, -rT-tT, n. Condition of being cele-
by caustic medicines. brated; a person of distinction.
Caution, kaw'shun, n. Prudence in regard to dan- Celerity, se-lSr'i-tr, re. Rapidity of motion; swift-
ger; provident care wariness; heed; prudence; ex-
; ness; speed.
hortation to wariness; warning; admonition.—?;, t. Celery, sel'er-T, n. A
plant of the parsley family.
[cautioned (-shund), -tioning.] To give notice of Celestial, se-lesfyal, a. Pert, to the spiritual heaven
danger to, warn. —
Cau'tionary, -a-ri, a. Contain- heavenly; pert.' to the visible heavens. n. An in- —
ing caution, or warning; given as a pledge. Cau- — habitant of heaven. —
Celes'tially, adv. Cel'es- —
tioner, n. —
Cau'tious, -shus, a. Possessing or using, tine, seKes-tin, n. {Min.) Native sulphate of stron-
etc.; prudent; watchful; circumspect.— Cau'tiously, tian, which has a sky-blue color. {Eccl. Hist.) One
adv. —
Cau'tiousness, re. of a religious order founded by Pope Celestine V.
Cavalcade, kav^al-kad, n. A
procession of horsemen. Celiac, se'lT-ak, a. Pert, to the belly.
—
Cavalier, -ler /',«. A
horseman; knight; one of the Celibacy, se-lib'a-si or sel'T-ba-sI, re. The state of an
court party in the time of King Charles I.— a. Gay; unmarried man; bachelorship.— Celibate, seKT-bat,
sprightly; brave; warlike; haughty. Cavalier'ly, — re. Condition or life of an unmarried man; unmar-
adv. Superciliously.— Cav'alry, -rl, n. {Ml.) Mount- ried man; bachelor.
ed troops. Cell, sel, re. A
small and close apartment, as in a prison
Cave, kav, re. A hollow place in the earth; den. —v. or monastery; any small, closed cavity. {Organic

am, fame, far, pass or opera, f are ; end, eve, tSrm ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 CELT 59 CERTAIN
Structures.) A minute sac, filled with fluid, fat, etc., -tT-gram, n. A measure of weight,— the 100th part of
forming, by development and reproduction, the cel- a gram =.15432 gr. avoir. [F.J — Centiliter, -til'Y-
lular tissue of animals and plants. — Cellar, n. A ter or sen'tl-li-ter, -litre, -ti-le'tr, n. A measure of
space under a house. —
Cellular, a. Consisting of, capacity, — 100th of a liter, more than 0.0 cu. inch.
or containing cells. —
Cel'lulated, a. Formed with [F.J — Con'time, -tern, n. A coin, — the 100th of a
cells. —
Cellule, -ul, n. small cell. Cellulif - A — franc. [F.J — Centimeter, -tiiu'e-ter or sen'tl-me-
erous, -lifer-us, a. Producing CeP*- little cells. — ter, -metre, son-te-ma'tr, n. A measure of length, —
lulose, -los, a. Containing cells.
(Bot.) One of — n. the 100th of a meter, more than .39 inch. — Cen'"-
the substances constituting the cellular tissue of tiped, -tl-ped, -pede, -tT-ped, n. A species of many-
plants. —
Celluloid, n. compound of gun-cotton, A jointed, wingless land articulates, having many feet.
camphor, etc., imitating coral, ivory, tortoise-shell, — Centum^vxr, -ver, n. pi. -vnu, -vl-ri. A Roman
;
amber, etc., and used in manufacturing jewelry, judge of common causes among the people. — Cen-
etc. tunfviral,-vT-ral, «. Pert, to, etc.— Centum'' virate,
Celt, selt, n. One of a race anciently inhabiting Cen- -vt-rat, n. Office of, etc.
tral and Western Europe, from come the whom Centaur, sen'tawr, n. (Myth.) A fabulous monster,
Irish, Welsh, and Gael; a stone or metal implement half man and half horse. Cen'taury, -rT, n. — A
found in barrows of the early Celts. Celtic, a. — plant of several species, most of them weeds.
Pert, to the Celts, or to their language.—?!. The Center, -tre, sen'ter, n. The exact middle point of
language the remains of which are found
of, etc., anything; the middle portion; midst; point of con-
in the Gaelic, Erse or Irish, Manks, and Welsh and centration; nucleus. (Arch.) temporary framing A
its cognate dialects, Cornish and Armorican or on which vaulted work is built. v. i. [centered —
Breton. —
Celticism, -T-sizm, n. Celtic custom. A or -tred (-terd), -tering or -teing.J To be placed
Cement, se-menf or sem'ent, n. Any substance used in, etc. to be central to be collected to a point, be
; ;

for making bodies cohere, as mortar, glue, etc. bond concentrated.— v. t. To place on, etc. to collect to a
of union. —
Cement'', v. t. To unite with, etc.; to
;

point. —
Cen'tering, n. (Arch.) Temporary fra-
;

unite firmly. v. i. —
To unite and cohere. Cemen- — ming on which vaulted work is built. Cen'tral, a. —
tation, n. Act of cementing. (Chem.) Process of Pert, to, placed in, or containing, the center; pert, to
surrounding a solid body with powder of other sub- the parts near, etc. —
Central'ity, -T-tT, n. State of
stances, and heating until the properties of the body being central. —
Cen'tralize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd).
are changed by chemical combination with the pow- -izing.J To draw to a central point bring to a
der, —as iron becomes steel by cementation with center. —
Cen'traliza'tion, n. Act of, or state of be-
;

charcoal. ing, etc. —

Cen'trally, adv. —
Cen'tric, -trical, a.
Cemetery, senf e-ter-T, n. A
grave-yard; necropolis. Placed in, etc. —
Cen'trically, adv. Centricity, —
Cenobite, Coenobite, seif o-blt, n. monk in a con- A -tris'T-tT, n. State of being centric. Centrifugal, —
vent or community, in opp. to a hermit or anchorite. -u-gal, a. Tending to recede from the center. —
Cenotaph, sen'o-taf, n. A
monument to one buried Centrip'etal, a. Tending toward, etc. Cen'ter- —
elsewhere. bit, n. An instrument turning on a projecting cen-
Cense, sens, v. t. [censed (senst), censing.] To per- tral point, for boring holes. See Bit. board, n.
fume with odors from burning substances. Cen''- — (Naut.) In small craft, a board keel, which may b2
ser, 11. A
vase or pan for burning incense. drawn up or let down a sliding keel. ;

Censor, sen'ser, n. A Roman officer who registered Centinel, Centry. See Sentinel.
the effects of citizens, imposed taxes, and inspected Cento, sen'to, n. ; pi. Cen'tos, -toz. composition A
manners; an examiner of books, etc., before pub- formed by verses, etc., from different authors dis-
lication, to suppress anything forbidden; one who posed in a new order. (Mus.) medley on a large A
censures; a harsh critic— Censo^rial, -rT-al, -rian, a. scale. [L.J
Pert, to, etc., or to the correction of public morals. Cephalic, se-fal Ik, a. Pert, to the head.— n. med- A
— Censo'rious, -rT-us, a. Addicted to, implying, or icine for headache, etc. —
Cephalopod, sef a-lo-pod
expressing, censure; fault-finding; carping; severe. or se-faK-, n. (Zo'61.) A
mollusk having a distinct
— Censo'riously, adv. Censoliousness, n. — Cen r - — head, surrounded by a circle of arms or tentacles.
sorship, n. Office of a censor. Censure, seifsher, — Ceramic, sc-ranfik, a. Pert, to pottery.
n. Act of blaming reoroof disapproval repri- ; Cere, ser, n. Naked wax-like skin at the base of birds'
— —
; ;

mand; abuse. v.t. [cexsuked (-shgrd), -suring.] bills, v. t. [cered (serd), cering.J To wax, or
To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame, cover with wax. —
Ce'rate, -rat, n. (Med.) Thick
reprehend. —
Cen'sus, n. An official enumeration ointment, made of wax, oil, etc. Cere'cloth, n. — A
and registration of the people, estates, and other cloth smeared with melted wax. Cere'ment, n. — A
statistics of a c"ountry. cloth dipped in melted wax, used in embalming
Cent, sent, n. A
hundred, as, 10 per cent. ; an Amer- bodies.
ican coin worth the 100th part of a dollar. [L. cen- Cereal, se're-al, a. Pert, to edible grain, as wheat, rye,
tum.] —Cenfage, -ej, n. Rate by the cent, or hun- etc. n. —Any edible grain.
dred percentage. Cen'tal, n.— weight of 100 A Cerebrum, ser'e-brum, n. (Anat.) The superior and
;

pounds hundred-weight. a. Pert, to, or consist- — larger division of the brain. — Cerebellum, -beflum,
ing of, etc.
;

—
Cen'tenary, -rT, n. Aggregate of 100 n. ; pi. -bel^la, -la. The hinder and lower division
single things esp. a century 100 years a celebra- of the brain.
;

tion occurring once in, etc. a. Pert, to, or con- —

; ;

— Ceremony, ser'e-mo-nY, n. Outward rite external

—
;

sisting of, 100 occurring once in every 100 years. form in religion; forms of civility. Ceremo /, nial,
—
;

Centena'rian, -rT-an, n. One 100 years old a. a. Pert, to, etc. —

n. An established system of rules
Pert, to 100 years. —
Centen'nial, -nT-al, a. Pert, to • and ceremonies. — Ceremc'nious, -nf-us, a. Con-
the 100th anniversary happening once in 100 years. sisting of, or according to, outward forms and rites;
— n.
;

A celebration of, etc. Centesimal, a. / Hun-r — ceremonial; particular m observing forms; precise;
dredth; by the 100.— n. A
100th part.— Centes ima' - formal.— Ceremo /'niously, adv.
tion, n. (Mil.) A punishment inflicted on one person Cerise, se-rez'. a. Cherry-colored.
in 100. —
Cen'tury, -tu-rT, n. hundred a period A ; Certain, ser'tin, a. Assured in mind having no ;

of 100 years. Century plant. The American aloe, doubts; not to be doubted; fixed or stated; deter-
supposed to bloom but once in 100 years. Centu'- — minate indeterminate, or not specifically named;
rion, -rt-on, n. A Roman captain of 100 foot-soldiers. one or some.
;

—
Cer'tainly, adv. Without doubt or
— Centu'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, to a century, or to 100 question; in truth and fact; without failure. Cer'- —
men. — Cen'tuple, -tu-pl, a. Hundred-fold. — v. i. tainness, n. —
Cer'tainty. -tT, Ceftitude, -tT-tud, n.
[-TUPLF.D (-tu-pld), -tupling.] To make, etc. — Quality or condition of being certain exemption
Centifolious, -lT-us, a. Having 100 leaves. Cen /'- — from doubt or failure; a fact unquestionably estab-
;

tigrade, -tT-grad, a. Of 100 degrees graduated in- lished. —

Cer'tes, -tez, adv. Assuredly in truth.
to 100 equal parts. — Centigrade thermometer. A — Cer'tify, -fi, v. t. [-tified (-fid), -eying.] To
;

thermometer in which 0° indicates the freezing testify to in writing; to make known or establish as
point, and 100° the boiling point of water. Cen- — a fact; to give certain information of or to. Certif- —
tare, -tar', n. A measure"of area, containing 1 sq. icate, -T-kat, n. A
written testimony to the truth
meter, about 1,550 sq. inches. [F.] — Cen'tigram, of any fact; written declaration legally authenti-

stin, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CERTIORARI 60 OHANCEL
cated. — w. t. To verif3' by, or
—
furnish with, etc.— |
Chalcedony, kal-sed'o-ni or kal'se-do-nl, n. (Mm.)
Certifica'tion, n. Act "of, etc. Certifier, -ii-er, n. An uncrystallized, translucent variety of quartz.
Certiorari, ser'slii-o-ra'ri, n. {Lav:.) writ from a A usually whitish, and with a wax-like luster.
superior court, to call up records of an inferior Chaldaic, kal-da'ik, Chaldee, kal'de or kal-de', a.
court, or remove a cause, to hasten justice, or correct
|

i Pert, to Chaldea. n. —
Language of the Chaldeans.
errors. j
Chaldron, chawl'drun or chal'drun, n. dry meas- A
Cervical, ser'vik-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the neck. ure for coah usually of 3G bushels, but varying.
Cervine, ser'vln, a. Pert, to the deer. :
Chalet, shal'a, «. A
Swiss wooden cottage a summer- ;

Cesarean, Cesarism, Cesura, etc. See Caesar, C.-esuea. ! house on a mountain.

Cessation. See under Cease. ; Chalice, chal'is, «. A cup. cup; bowl; communion
Cession. See under Cede. Chalk, chawk, n. (Jlin.) soit, white, earthy sub- A
Cess-pool, ses'pool, n. A
cavity in the earth to re- ;
stance, consisting of carbonate of lime.
ceive sediment of water from drains [chalked (chawkt), chalking.] To rub or mark
Cestus, ses'tus, n. A
girdle, esp. of Venus: a loaded with chalk.
leather covering for boxers hands. [L.]
7
Challenge, chal'lenj, n An invitation to contest; a
.

Cetacea, se-ta'se-a, n. pi. (Zo'ol.) An order sentry's demand of the countersign from those ap-
of mammiferous marine animals, inclu- proaching his post; summons to single combat; de-
ding whales. —
Ceta'cean, -shan, n. An ani- mand made of a right; an exception to a juror or
mal of the whale kind. voter. r. t. —
[-lexged (-lenjd), -lengixg.] To
Chafe, chaf, v. t. [chafed (chaft), chafing.] call to a contest, call to answer, defy; to claim as
To excite heat or irritation in by friction; due, demand as a right, make exception or objec-
to irritate; to fret and wear by rubbing; to tion to, object to as not qualified to vote.
provoke, inflame. v. i. —
To be excited or Chalybeate, ka-lib'e-at, a. Impregnated with some
heated to fret; to be worn by rubbing.
;
— salt of iron. n. —
Water, liquor, medicine, etc.,
n. Heat or irritation from friction agita- Cestus. ; containing iron.
tion of the mind. Cham, kam, Khan, kan, n. The sovereign prince of
Chafer, cha'fer, n. An insect; cock-chafer; May-bug. Tartary.
Chaff, chaf, n. The glumes, husk, or light, dry cover- j
Chamber, cham'ber, n. A retired room, esp. an upper
ing of grains and grasses. (Bot.) Scales or bracts room, for lodging, privacy, or study; a compartment
on the receptacle in composite plants. Worthless or hollow, closed space:' a place where an assembly
matter refuse. —
Chaf finch, n. singing bird of A meets; the assembly itself the cavity in a fire-arm
—
; ;

where the charge is put. (Law.) A private place

]

the finch family, feeding on chaff. Chaff'y. -1, a.

Containing, like, or light and worthless as, chaff. where a judge sits to hear cases, and do judicial
Chaff, chaf, n. Light, idle talk; ridicule. v. i. — !
business out of court. r. —
[-bered (-berd), -Ber- ?'.

[chaffed (chaft), chaffing.] To use, etc., by way ing.] To reside in or occupy as a chamber to be
of fun or ridicule. v. t. —
To make fun of. banter. j

I
Wanton. v. t. To shut up, as in a chamber— Cham'-
;

Chaffer, chaffer, i: [chaffered (-ferd), -ferixg.]

?'.
ber-conn'sel, -counselor, -er, n. counselor who A
To treat about a purchase, bargain, haggle; to talk gives his opinion privately, but does not advocate
—
much or idly. v. t. To buy, purchase, exchange.
S

!
causes in court. maid, n. woman who cares A
Chagreen. See Shagreex. for chambers, or waits upon a lady.— Cham'berlain,
Chagrin, sha-grin', n. Ill-humor ; vexation peevish-
; -lin, n. An attendant in charge of the chambers, as
—
I

ness; mortification. v. t. [chagrined (-grind''), j

in a hotel; an officer of the private chambers of a
-grining.] To excite ill-humor in, vex, mortify. nobleman or monarch; one of the high officers of a
Chain, chan. n. A
series of connected links or rings; court a treasurer or receiver of public money.
;

that which confines, fetters, or secures; a bond; a se- Chameleon, ka-mel'yun, n. A

ries of things connected and following each other lizard-like reptile, whose color i

in succession. (Surr.) An instrument for measur- changes with that of objects,

ing land, consisting of 100 links, being 4 rods, or 66 about it, or when its temper is
feet, in length. (Kaut.) An iron plate bolted at the disturbed.
lower endthrough the side to the ship's timbers. — Chamfer, chamber, v. t. [-fered
1

v. t. [chained (chand), chaining.] To fasten or (-ferd). -feeing.] (Carp.) To

connect with. etc.. enslave, unite closely. Chain'- — cut a groove or channel in to ;

A
bridge suspended on chains: suspen- flute. To cut or grind in a slop-
bridge, n.
sion bridge. gang, n — .

mail, n. Flexible armor made of inter-

A
gang of convicts chained ing manner: to bevel. Cham'- — Chameleon.
A small gutter in wood,
together."
laced rings. pump, n.
pump consisting of an end-
— A
fer, Cham'fret, n. (Carp.)
etc.: groove, slope, or bevel.
Chamois, sham'wa or sham'Y, i A species of ante-
less chain, carrying disks, lope living on European
passing upward" through a mountain ridges; a soft
wooden tube, and mo viri- leather, first prepared from
on wheels, —
-shot. n. (JUL) its skin.
Two cannon balls, con- Chamomile. See Camomile.
Champ, champ, v.t. [champed
nected by a chain, to cut
down
ml
masts,
A kind of stitch in
etc. — sew-
stitch, (champt), champing.] To
bite with repeated action of
ing, made by interlocking the teeth, bite into small
threads. — -wales, n. pi. pieces, crush. — v. i. To bite
(Naut.) Planks bolted to frequently.
a ship's sides to spread the Champagne, sham-pan', n. A Chamois.
lower rigging. See Chan- brisk, sparkling wine.
— a.
XELS.
Chair, char, n. movable
seat with a back, for one
person; an official seat, as
A nnp Champaign, sham-pan',
Flat : level.
Champion, cham'pT-un, in a
contest; esp. who contends in behalf of another in
a.

n.
A flat, open country.
One who engages
of a judge hence, the of-
; single combat; one readv to fight all who offer.
fice itself; the presiding of- v. t. [-pioxed (-und), -rioning.] To furnish with,
ficer of an assembly; a vehi- Chain-pump. or attend as, etc.
cle for one person; an iron Chance, chans, n. Absence of any defined cause for- ;

block to support and secure railroad tracks. v.t. tuity casualty an event without assigned cause;
; ;

[chaired (chard), chairixg.] To carry publicly possibility of an occurrence; luck; hazard: oppor-
in a chair in triumph. —
Chair'man, n. ; pi. -men. tunity.— v.i. [chanced (chanst), chancing.] To
The presiding officer of an assembly, committee, happen, come, or arrive, without expectation. a. —
etc. one who carries a chair or sedan .
; Chair'man- — Happening by chance casual fortuitous.
—
; ;

skip, n. Office of, etc. Chaise, shaz, n. two- A Chancel, chan'sel, n. That part of a church con-
wheeled, one-horse carriage, with calash top. taining the altar or communion table, formerly —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 CHANCRE 61 CHARITY
inclosed with lattices. —
Chancery, chan'sSr-i, n. , A pier or pilaster which receives an arch;
high court of equity; equity; proceedings in equity. an impost.
— Chancellor, -sel-ler, re. A
high judicial officer ; Chaplain, etc. See under Chapel.
the chief judge of a court of chancery. Chaplet, chap'let, n. A garland or wreath
Chancre, shan'ker, n. An ulcer, esp. a venereal sore. for the head; a string of beads used in
— Chan^crous, -krus, a. Ulcerous. counting prayers. (Arch.) little A
Chandelier, Chandler, etc. See under Candle. molding, carved into beads, olives, etc.;
Change, chanj, v. t. [changed (chanjd), changing.] a chapellet a tuft of feathers on a
;

To alter or make different; to cause to pass from peacock's hend; a small chapel or shrine.
one state to another; to substitute another thing Chapman. See under Chap, n.
for ; to vary, innovate, exchange to give other
; Chapter, chapiter, n. division of a A
money, of the same aggregate value, for; to become book. (Eccl.) A corporation composed
acid or tainted. —
v. i. To be altered, undergo vari- of the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate
ation, pass from one phase to another, —re. Any al- church, and presided over by the dean. rjhaDtrel
teration; a passing from one state to another; sub- An organized branch of a society or fra- y
stitution of one thing for another alteration in ; ternity: meeting of organized societies; place where
the order of a series; permutation; that which makes delinquents receive discipline; a decretal epistle.
a variety; small pieces of money, which may be Char, Chare, char [Eng.], Chore, chor [Amer.], n.
given for larger pieces; the balance of money paid "Work done by the day; a single job or task.— Char r -
beyond the price of goods purchased; building for woman, n. A servant that works by the day.
mercantile transactions. —
Chancer, n. Change'- — Char, char, v. t. [charred (chard), charring.] To
able, -a-bl, a. Capable of change appearing differ-
; reduce to charcoal by expelling volatile matter; to
ent under difference of circumstances variable burn slightly; to hew, as stone.— Char'coal, re. Coal
fickle unstable.
; — Change'ableness, -abil'ity, -ft,
; ;

made by charring wood. Char^y, -if, a. Pert, to, —

n. — Change'ably, adv. — Change'ful, a. Fuil of or like, charcoal.
change; mutable. — —
Change'fully, adv. Changer- Character, kar'ak-ter, re. A distinctive mark; a letter,
fulness, u. — Changeless, a. Not admitting altera- figure, or sign; manner of writing or printing sum ;

tion constant. — Changeling, n. A child left or of qualities distinguishing one person or thing from
taken in the place of another one apt to change. —
;

; another; good qualities, or the reputation of possess-

a. Taken or left in place of another. ing them; qualities belonging to an office or institu-
Channel, chan'nel, n. The bed of a stream; esp. the tion estimate put upon a person or thing reputa-
; ;

deeper part of a river or bay, where the main cur- tion; force of will; energy; the possessor of a certain
rent flows. ( Geog.) A strait or narrow sea between character a person account description.
; ; v. t. To ; —
two portions of land. That through which any engrave, inscribe, distinguish by marks, character-
thing passes. (Arch.) A
gutter or furrow, as in a ize.— Char'acteris'tic, -tical, a. Constituting the
column, pi. (Naut.) Planks bolted to the outside character peculiar.
;
—
Char 'actoris' tic, re. That
of a vessel, for spreading the lower rigging. v. t. which constitutes, etc., or distinguishes a person or
[-neled (-neld), -neling.] To form a channel in; thing from another. (Math.) Ihe index or expo-
groove. nent of a logarithm. —
Char'acteris'tically, adv. —
Chant, chant, v. t. and i. To utter with a melodious Characterize, -Iz, v. t. [-terized (-ter-izd), -izing.]
voice, sing; to celebrate in song. (Mus.) To sing To mark with a peculiar figure; to describe the qual-
after the manner of a chant.— n. Song melody. ities of; to mark or express the character of, desig-
(Mus.) Words recited to musical tones without mu-
;

nate, entitle. —
Char'acteriza'tion, re. Act of, etc. —
sical measure.— Chanfer, «.— Chant'icleer, -1-kler, Characterless, a. Having no peculiar character.
n. A cock. Charade, sha-rad', re. A
composition describing enig-
Chaos, ka'os, n. An empty, infinite space unor- ; matically objects, expressed by each syllable of a
ganized condition of matter before the creation of word, separately, and then by the word as a whole.
the universe; a disordered mass or state of things; Charcoal. See under Char.
confusion. —
Chaotic, a. Resembling chaos con- ; Chard, chard, n. A variety of white beet blanched ;

fused. leaves of the artichoke and other vegetables.

Chap, chap or chop, v. t. [chapped (chapt), chap- Charge, charj, re. The person or thing committed to
ping.] To cleave or open longitudinally to split, the care or management of another exercise of cus-
— —
;
;

crack. v. i. To crack or open in long slits. a. A tody or care office commission an earnest com-
cleft, gap, or chink in the flesh. —
Chap, chop, n.
; ;

mand, exhortation, instruction, etc. whatever con-

;

The jaw, —generally in pi.— Chap-fallen, chop'- stitutes a burden on property costs expense, ;
;

;
—
fawln, a. "With the lower jaw drooping; dejected; usually in pi. account of that due from one party
;

dispirited. to another; imputation; accusation; that quantity, as

Chap, chap, n. A man or boy; a youth.— Chap'-book, of ammunition, electricity, etc., which any appara-
n. A small book, esp. one sold by hawkers. Chap'- — tus, as a gun, battery, machine, etc., is fitted to hold;
man, n. ; pi. -men. One who buys or sells a mer- ; onset; attack; signal for attack. (Her.) bearing A
chant; itinerant dealer. on a field. An uncertain weight of lead, supposed
Chaparral, chap-ar-raK, n. A thicket of low ever- to be 36 pigs, or 2,520 pounds. v. t. [charged —
green oaks; thick bramble-bushes in clumps. (charjd), charging.] To impose, as a load or burden,
Chape, chap, n. A
catch, as of a buckle; a metal tip or as a task, duty, or trust to command, request, ;

of a scabbard. etc., earnestly; to give instructions to; to impose as a

Chapeau, shap'o, n. ; pi. Chap'eaus, -6z. A hat. [F.] tax; to place to the account of, as a debt to accuse
— Chapeau Bras, -brii. A military hat which can of; to place within or upon an apparatus or machine
;

be flattened and put under the arm. the quantity it is fitted to contain to load to ; ;

Chapel, chap'el, n. A place of worship connected bear down upon, rush upon, fall on. v. i. To —
with a church or with some establishment; in Eng. a —
make an onset. Charter, n. One who, etc. a ;

dissenters' place of worship.— Chaplain, -lin, n. An large dish, —

which bears a load a horse. used in ; —
ecclesiastic who officiates in a chapel, or one attached charging war-horse.
;
—
Charge" d' Affaires, shar-zha'
to a ship, regiment, public institution, familv, etc.— daf-far'. A diplomatic representative, to whom are
Chap'laincy, -sT, -ship, n. Office or station o'f etc. ,
— confided affairs of his nation, in the absence of an
Chap^ellany, -la-nt, n. A chapel and jurisdiction ambassador. [F.] —
Charge'ship, n. Office of, etc.
within the precincts of a church. —
Chap'elry, -rT,
j

Chariot, char'i-ot, n. A
war car or vehicle a one- ;

n. Bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel.

j

seated, four- wheeled carriage. — ?', t. To convey in

Chaperon, shap^er-ox, n. A
hood or cap; a device on a chariot. —
Charioteer', n. A driver.
horses' foreheads in pompous funerals; one who Charity, char'T-tT/w. Disposition to think favorably
attends a lady in public as a protector. v. t. — of others, and to do them good liberality to the ;

[chaperoned (-ond), -oning.] To attend in public poor; alms any act of benevolence a charitable in-
; ;

places as protector. stitution, or a gift to create and support such an in-

Chapiter, chap'T-ter, n. (Law.) A summary of mat- stitution. —
Char'itable, a. Full of love and good
ters to be inquired of before justices articles. ;
— will; liberal to the poor pert, to, or springing from,
;

Chap'iter, Chap'trel, n. (Arch.) The capital of a charity benevolent indulgent

; beneficent.
; ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, frJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CHARLATAN 62 CHECQUE
Charlatan, sharla-tah, n. A quack;
empiric; mounte- (-nd), -exing.] To attempt
to buy, chaffer for, beat
bank.— Charlatanism, -izm, -tanry, -rl, n. Preten- down the price of.
sion to skill quackery. Cheat, chet, v. t. To deceive and defraud to trick,
;

Charles's Wain, charlz'ez-wan"'. (Astron.) The clus- outwit, impose on. n. An —

act of deception a
;

ter of 7 stars in the constellation Ursa Major, or fraud trick

; imposture one who cheats.
; ;

Great Bear ; the Dipper. _ Cheat, chet, n. Wheat bread chess, or false wheat.
; ;

Charlotte-Kusse, shar'Iot-roos, n. A dish of custard Check, chek, n. A sudden or continued restraint

or whipped syllabub, inclosed in cake. hindrance obstruction a mark put against items,
; ;

Charm, charm, n. Something possessing occult power in going over a list a token to identity a thing or
;

or influence; that which attracts irresistibly: fasci- person. (Com.) An order for money, payable on
nation.— v. t. [charmed (charind), charming.] To sight. Any counter-register used as security, as
subdue, control, or summon by occult influence ; the correspondent cipher of a bank-note a kind of ;

to attract irresistibly, delight exceedingly, fasci- checkered cloth, as plaids, etc. (Chess.) Exposure
nate, enchant, captivate to fortify with charms of the king to the attack of an adversary's piece.
—
;

or supernatural influences. v. i. To act as a A small chink or cleft. v. t. [checked (chekt), —

charm, please greatly. checking.] To put restraint upon; to hinder, re-
Charnel, char'nel, a. Containing remains of dead press, curb; to rebuke or reprove to make a mark ;

men or animals. against, as against names, etc., in a list; to compare

Chart, chart, n. Asheet of paper, pasteboard, etc., con- with a counterpart for correctness. v. i. To make a —
taining information arranged methodically, or tab- stop, pause; to interfere; to crack, as wood; to crack
ulated; a map representing water and the adjacent in checks, as paint, etc. Check'er, v. t. [-ered —
land. —
v. t. To lay down in a chart ; to map, — (-erd), -ERiXG.j To variegate with cross-lines to ;

Char'ter, n. (O. Eng. Law.) deed, or conveyance. A form into squares to diversify with different qual-
—
;

An instrument in writing, bestowing rights and ities, scenes, etc. n. One who, etc. a piece in the ;

privileges act of incorporation a special "privilege

; ; game of draughts or checkers.— Cheekier, Check'er-
or immunity. (Nuut.) The letting or hiring a ves- work, -werk, n. Work varied alternately as to colors
sel by special contract. v. t. —
[chartered (-terd), or materials. — Check'ers, -erz, n..
-tering.] To establish by charter; to hire or let by Draughts,— a game played on a x
charter, as a ship. board of G4 squares of alternate
Chary, char'!, a. Not inclined to be free or liberal; colors. —
Cheeky, Checquey,
close ; cautious. chek'I, n. (Her.) A field or ar-
Chase, chas, v. t. [chased (chast), chasing.] To morial bearing divided in check-
pursue, hunt; to urge onward, drive, persecute. n. — ers.— Check 'mate, -mat, n. The
Hunting; pursuitfthing hunted; hunting ground. move in chess which renders fur-
— Chaster, n. One who, etc. (Xaut.) A gun at the ther moving impossible, and ends
bow or stern, for use in a chase. the game; a complete check, de-
Chase, chas, v. t. To engrave. —
n. The forward part feat, or overthrow. v. t. (Chess.) —
of a gun from the trunnions to the swell of the To put (the adversary's king) in- Cheeky,
mouth, —
this part being formerly engraved or em- extricably in check. To arrest completely, termi-
bossed. _See Cannon.
Chase, chas, n. (Print.) An iron frame to confine n.
nate.— Check'-roll, n.
A
list of employees.
string by which one in a carriage or railroad
A
string, —
type, when arranged in columns or pages. car can call the attention of the driver or engineer.—
Chasm, kazm, n. A
deep opening made by disrupture; Check'er-ber'ry, n. (Bot.) The partridge - berrv ;

a cleft; void space; gap; break. also, the wintergreen.— -board, n. Board for playing
Chassepot, shas'po, ». A breech-loading rifle, or checkers upon.
needle-gun, —
the French infantry arm. Cheddar, ched'der, n. kind of cheese made at A
Chasseur, shas-ser', n. (Mil.) One of a body of light Cheddar, in England.
cavalry. An attendant upon persons of rank, wear- Cheek, chek, n. The side of the face; assurance; im-
ing military plumes, etc. pudence. j)l. (Mech.) Pieces of a machine which
Chaste, chast, a. Pure from unlawful sexual inter- form corresponding sides, or are similar and in pairs.
course virtuous pure from obscenity, or from bar- Cheer, cher, n. The countenance and its expres-
; ;

barous, affected, or extravagant expressions. —

sion; state of feeling or spirits; state of gayety or
Chaste'ness, Chas'tity, -tT-ti, n. Chasten, chas'n,— mirth; provisions for a feast; entertainment; ex-
v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To correct by punish- pression of good spirits, by shouting, acclamation,
ment; to inflict pain upon in order to reclaim, chas- etc._; applause encouragement. v. t. [cheered ;
—
tize to purify from errors or faults. Chasfener, n. — (cherd), cheering.] To cause to rejoice, render
—
;

Chastize, c'has-tlz'', r. t. [-tized (-tizdO,-TiziNG.] cheerful to infuse life, courage, hope, etc., into to
; ;

To chasten. urge or salute by cheers. v. i. To grow cheerful. —

Chat, chat, v. i. To talk lightly and familiarly, —n. —
Cheerful, -iiil, a. Having good spirits; calmly
Light, idle talk; prate. (Oniith.) An American joyful; promoting happiness; expressing joy; lively;
bird, of the warbler family.— Chat'ter, v. i. [-tered animated; sprightly. Cheerfully, adv. Cheer''- — —
—
(-terd), -tering.] To utter inarticulate sounds re- fulness, n. —
Cheer'ily, adv. With cheerfulness.
sembling language; to talk idly, carelessly, or rapid- Cheer'iness, n. Cheer'ingly, adv. Cheer'less, a.— —
ly to jabber, prate to make a noise by collision. Without joy, gladness, or comfort; gloomy; dreary.
— ;

n. Sounds like a magpie's; idle talk.

;

Chat'ter- — —
Cheer'lessness, n.— Cheer'ly, a. Gay; not gloomy.
box, n. An incessant talker. Chat'ty, -tT, a.— —
adv. In a cheerful manner; heartily. Cheer'y, —
Conversing freely; talkative. Chat'tiness, n. — -T, a. In good spirits; lively; promoting, or tending
-

Chateau, sha-to' v. ; pi. -teaux, -toz'. castle a A

to promote, cheerfulness.
— , ;

country-seat. Chatelet, shafe-la, n. little castle. A

Cheese, chez, n. Curd of milk, separated from the
— Chat'ellany, -la-ni, n. Lordship or jurisdiction of whey, and pressed; a mass of ground apples pressed
a castellan, or governor of a castle. Chat'elaine, —
together.
-e-lan, n. A
chain at a lady's waist-belt, for watch, Chef-d'oeuvre, sha / doovr / n. ; pi. Chefs-d'ceuvre. ', A
trinkets, keys, etc. master-piece; capital work in art, literature, etc. [F.]
Chattel, chattl, n. (Law.) Awy property except Chemise, she-mez', n. shift, or under-garment, for A
freehold, or things which are parcel of it. females a wall lining an earthwork.;

Chatter, Chatty, Chatterbox, etc. See Chat. Chemistry, keni'is-tri, n. Science of the composition
Chauvinism, sho'vin-izm, n. Fanatical patriotism of substances and changes which they undergo. —
blind adherence to an obsolete party, leader, or idea.
;

Chem'ist, n. One versed in, etc. Chem'ic, -ical, a. —

Chaw, chaw, v. t. [chawed (chawd), chawing.] To Pert, to, or resulting from the operations of the phe-
masticate, as food; to ruminate, as the cud; to re- nomena of, etc. Chemically, adv. [These words —
volve and consider. n. Orig., —
the jaw; as much as were formerlv written with y or instead of e, in ;',

the mouth holds a chew. [Once in good use, but

; the first syllable, chi/mistry or chbnistry, etc. and ;

now vulgar. See Chew.] pronounced accordingly.]

Cheap, chep, a. Bearing a low price of small cost Chenille, she-neK, n. Tufted cord, of silk or worsted.
;

of small value. —
Cheapen, che'pn, v. t. [-ened Checque, Checquer. See Check, Checker.

ftm, tame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 3dd, tone, 6r
 CHERISH 63 CHIROGRAPH
Cherish, cher'ish, v. t. [cherished (-isht), -ishing.] etc.: weakness of intellect. — Childless, n. Desti-
To treat with tenderness; to hold dear, foster, com-
i

tute of offspring. — Childlessness, n.

A thousand esp. 1,000 years.
j

fort, support^ Chiliad, kil'I-ad, n.

Cheroot, she-root', n. kind of cigar. A ! Chill, chil, a. Moderately cold; tending to cause shiv-
;

Cherry, cher'rl, n. (Bot.) A small stone-fruit, and ering; cool; formal; distant; depressed; dispirited,
the tree which bears it. cordial composed of A ;

— A
disagreeable sensation of coolness, with
cherry-juice and spirit. a. —
Of the color of, etc.
i re.

shivering; a check to enthusiasm or warmth of feel-

Chersonese, ker'so-nes, n. A peninsula. A
j

;
ing; discouragement. (Metal.) method of cast-
Chert, chert, n. (Min.) An impure, flint-like quartz ;

ing iron, so as quickly to cool the surface; a mold in

or hornstone.
/r
—
which to cast iron. v. t. [chilled (child), chill-
Cherub, chSr'ub, n. ; pi. Cher'ubs; Jfeb.pl. CiiER -
j

ing.] To strike with a chill, make chilly, affect

UBIM. (Script.) A mysterious composite being, de- j
with cold; to check enthusiasm, depress, discour-
scribed in Ezek. i. and x. one of two symbolical ; age. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a
figures, forming the Mercy-seat upon the Ark of the
j

change of crj-stallization near the surface, increas-

—
I

Covenant. One of an order of angels; a beautiful ing the hardness of the metal. Chill'y, -1, a. Mod-
child, — artists having represented cherubs as beau-
i

erately cold. —
ChilKiness, Chilr'ness, n. ChiK- —
tiful children. —
Cherubic, -loo' bik, -bical, a. Pert,
1

blain, -blan, n. A
blain on hand or toot, caused by
to, etc.; angelic.
— v. I
|

cold. —
v. t. To produce chilblains upon.
Cherup, cher'up, v. i. To chirp. t. To excite Chimb, Chime, chim, Chine, n. Edge of a cask, formed
by chirping.— n. A short, sharp noise, as of a cricket. by the ends of the staves.
A game played by two persons on a
i

Chess, dies, n. Chime, chim, n. Harmonious sound of bells, or other

board containing <>4 squares. See Check. (Bot.) A ! musical instruments; a set of bells tuned to one an-
kind of grass growing among wheat. other correspondence of proportion, relation, or
—
;

Chest, chest, n. A box, to hold articles; the part of

I

sound. ?-, i. [chimed (chimd), chiming.] To

the body inclosed by the ribs and breast-bone; tho-
]

sound in harmonious accord to be in harmony

rax. (Com.) A case for transporting tea, opium,
;

—
I
;

correspond; to jingle, as in rhyming. v. t. To

etc.; quantity such a case contains. move, strike, or cause to sound in harmony.
Chestnut, Chesnut, chestnut, n. (Bot.) The fruit of Chimera, ki-me'ra, n. (Myth.) A monster vomiting
a tree, inclosed in a prickly pericarp or bur; the tree flames, and having a lion's head, goat's body, and
itself: its timber. —
a. Of the color of a chestnut; dragon's tail. A vain or foolish fancy. Chimer- —
reddish brown. ical, -mer /ik-al, a. Merely imaginary; capable of
Cheval-de-frise, shvaKde-frez, Chevaux-de- no existence except in thought; fantastic; delusive.
frise, shvo'-de-frez F. ; Chimney, chim , nT, n. ; pi. Chim'neys, -niz. Passage
pron. shvoi'frez'". (Mil.) through which smoke is carried off; a glass tube
A timber traversed with above a flame, to create draught and promote com-
spikes, used for defense. bustion. (Mining.) A rich spot in a lode.
Chevalier, shev-a-ler', n. A Chimpanzee, chim-pan'ze, n. The African orang-
horseman knight gallant
; ; ! outang, a species of mon-
young man a member of
; Cheval-de-frise. ! key resembling man.
certain orders of knighthood. ;
Chin, chin, n. The lower ex-
Chevron, shev'run, n. (Her.) An honorable ordi- ;
tremity of the face, below
nary, representing two rafters of a house meeting ! the mouth.
at the top. (Mil.) Distinguishing marks on the j
China, chi'na, n. species A I

sleeves of non-commissioned officers. (Arch.) A j

of earthen ware originally |

zigzag ornament. made China porcelain.

in
— Chi^na as'ter.; (Bot.) A
1
I

Chew, choo, v. t. [chewed (chood), chewing.] To

bite and grind with the teeth, masticate; to rumi- species of the Aster fam-
nate mentally, meditate. v. i. To perform the — ily, having large flowers.
action of, etc. to meditate.
; n. Thing chewed, or — — C grass. (Bot.) An Asi-
held in the mouth at once; a cud. atic nettle, having fibers
Chibouque, -bouk, che-book', n. A Turkish tobacco j
used for ropes textile fab-
;
pipe. vies, etc.; ramie.
Chic, shek, n. Style knack. o.; Stylish. — j

Chincapin, chink'a-pin, n.
Chimpanzee. Chimnanzpp
Chicane, shl-kan', n. An artful subterfuge, esp. ap- — ,

I (Bot.) The dwarf chestnut.

plied to legal proceedings; shift; cavil: sophistry. Chinch, chinch, «. The bed-bug; an insect resem-
v. i. To use artifices. —
Chica'nery, -ner-T, n. Mean
j

bling the bed-bug in odor, destructive to grain.

A
j

or unfair artifice, to perplex a cause; trick; quibble. Chinchilla, chin-chiKla, n. small rodent animal,
Chich, chich, n. A
dwarf pea; chick-pea. j
having soit pearly-gray fur. [Sp.]
Chick, chik, Chicken, chik'en, n. The young of fowls, Chincough, chin'kawf, n. (Med.) Hooping-cough.
esp. of the domestic hen; a young person. Chick'- — I

Chine, chin, n. The back-bone or spine of an animal;

en-pox, n. (Med.) A
mild disease of children, con- a piece adjoining the back-bone, cut for cooking.
tagious and eruptive.
I

!
See Beef. The chimb of a cask. v. t. To 6ever —
Chicory, chik'o-rT, n. A
plant used for adulterating the back-bone of.
coffee succory endive. Chink, chink, n. A small cleft or fissure; a gap or
: ;

Chide, chid, v. t. [imp. chid or (obx.) chode; 7). p. crack.— v. i. To crack, open. v. t. To open, or —
chid or chidden chidixg.] To rebuke, reproach, form a fissure in; to fill up the chinks of.
—
;

blame, scold. v. i. To find fault; to make a rough, Chink, chink, n. A clink, or sharp sound, as of metal
clamorous, roaring noise. struck lightly monev cash.
; v. t.; [chinked —
(chinkt ), chinking.] To cause to sound by collis-
1

Chief, chef, a. Highest in rank or office; most emi-

nent, influential, or important: principal; prime.— ion. —?-. i. To make a small, sharp sound, as by
n. Head or leader; chieftain commander; most im- ; the collision of metal.
portant person or thing. (Her.) The upper part of Chinse, chins, v. t. (ffaut.) To thrust oakum into
the escutcheon. —
Chieftain, -tin, n. The head of a the seams or chinks of.
troop, army, or clan leader. ; Chintz, chints, n. Cotton cloth, printed in colors.
Chiffonier, she-fo'nTf-a" or shif-fon-eV, n. A recepta- Chip, chip, v. t. [chipped (chipt), chipping.] To
cle for rags or shreds; a movable closet; a rag-picker. cut into small pieces. ?;, i. —
To break or fly off in
Chignon, 6hen / ySN, n. A
woman's back-hair knotted small pieces, n. — A
piece of wood, stone, etc., sep-
at the back of the head. arated by a cutting instrument; fragment broken
Chilblain. See under Chill. off.
Child, child, n. ; pi. Children, chiKdren. son or A Chipmunk, -monk, chip'munk, -muck, -muk, n. A
daughter; immediate progeny of human parents; a squirrel-like animal; the striped squirrel.
young person, pi. Descendants. Child'hood, n. — Chipping-bird, chip^ping-berd, n. An Amer. sparrow.
State of a child time in which one is a child. — Chirograph, ki'ro-graf, n. (Old Law.) A writing re-
;

Childish, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.; puerile. Child'- — quiring a counterpart, —

a charter-party. Chirogra- —
ishly, adv. — Childishness, n. State or qualities of, pher, -rog/ra-i'8r, n. One proficient in writing. —
sun, cube, full ; moon, f<Jot ; cow, oil ; linger or iijk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CHIRP C4 CHRIST
Chirographic, -ical, a. etc. Chirog' -
Pert, to, — -

adr.— Choragic, -raj'ik, a. Pert, to a choragus,—

raphist, n. A chirographer: one -who tells fortunes the leader of a musical entertainment. Chorister, —
by examining the hand. —
Chirog'raphy, -f Y n. Art kSr'is-ter, n. One of a choir; a singer in a concert; a
of writing writing done with one's own hand.
;
— leader of a choir.
Chirurgeon, -rer'jun, n. A surgeon. Choke, chok, v. t. [choked (chokt), choking.] To ren-
Chirp, cherp, v. i. [chirped (cherpt"), chirping.] To der unable to breathe; to stifle, suffocate, strangle;
make a short, sharp sound, as fowls, birds, crickets, to obstruct by filling up or clogging; to hinder or
etc., do. v. i. To make cheerful, enliven. n. — A check. —
v. To have the windpipe stopped; to be
?'.

short, sharp note. —

Chirrup, chTr'rup, v. t. [chir- checked, as if by choking. Chok'er, n. One who, —
ruped (-rupt), chirruping.] To animate by chirp- or that which, chokes or puts to silence; that which
ing; to cherup. —
v. i. To chirp, n. Act of chirp- — cannot be answered; a collar or cravat. Chok'y. —
ing; chirp. —
Chir'rupy, -T, a. Cheerful; chatty. -l. a. Tending to, etc. Choke' full, a. Full to—
Chisel, chiz'el, n. An instrument sharpened to a cut- choking, quite full. [See Chock-full.] Choke'- —
cher'ry, -cheVrf, n. (Bot.) A species of wild cherry,
ting edge, used in carpentry, joinery, sculp-
ture, etc.— v. t. [chiseled (-eldV -elixg.1 To
cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; to
and its astringent fruit. —
damp, n. Carbonic acid
gas accumulated in wells, mines, etc., destructive —
cut close, as in a bargain. of life by preventing respiration. pear, -par, n.
Chisleu, chis'lu, n. The 9th month of the He- I
A kind of pear having a rough, astringent taste.
—
brew year, parts of November and Decem- |
Choler, kol'er, n. The bile,— formerly supposed to
ber. be the seat of irascibility: irritation of the passions;
Chit, chit, n. The first germination of a plant; anger; wrath. —
Chol'era, -er-a, n. (Med.) dis- A
a shoot; sprout; a child or babe. Chit'ty, — ease characterized by bilious vomiting and purging,
-tT, a. Full of sprouts. —
Chit'chat, n. Famil- and by spasms in the legs and arms. Cholera mor- —
iar or trifling talk; prattle. bus. Amilder form of the disease. Chol'ic, Cho- —
Chitterlings, chifter-lingz, n. pi. {Cookery.) lin'ic, a. Pert, to the bile. Choi 'eric, a. Abound- —
The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried ing with choler, or bile; irascible; jingry.
for food. Choose, chooz, r. t. [imp. chose (choz); p.p. chosen
Chivalry, shiv'al-rY, n. A
body of knights serv- Chi3el or chose; choosing.] To make choice of prefer,
ing on horseback; cavalry; the dignity or sys- elect. — v. i. To make a selection, prefer; to
,

have
tem of knighthood practice of knight-errantry;
; the power of choiee. — Choice, chois, n. Act or
qualifications or character of knights. (Enq. Law.) power of choosing election preference ; care in,
: ;

A tenure of lands by knight's service. Chiv'alric, — etc., discrimination thing chosen; best or prefer-
;

-alrous, -rus, a. Pert, to, etc.; gallant. Cbiv'al- — able part.— a. Worthy of being, etc selected with ;

rously, adv. care; uncommon; rare.

Chives. See Cives. Chop, chop, v. t. [chopped (chopt), chopping.] To
Chlorine, klo'rin, n. (Chem.) A
heavy gas of green- cut into pieces; to mince; to sever by blows; to seize
— —
— —
ish color, a constituent of common salt. Chlo /'- or devour greedily. v. i. come upon or seize To
ric, a. Pert, to, or obtained from, etc. Chlo'rate, suddenly. —
n. Act of chopping; a stroke; piece
n. A salt formed by the union of chloric acid with chopped off, esp. a piece of meat.
a base.— Chlo'ride, -rid, n. A
compound of chlo- Chop, chop, v. t. To
barter, exchange to give back ;

rine with another element. —

Chloride or lime. A and forth, bandy. v. i. wrangle, altercate, To
combination of lime and chlorine, used in bleach- dispute. (Xaut.) To veer or shift suddenly.
—
I

ing and disinfecting. Chlorid'ic, a. Pert, to a Chops, Chop-fallen, etc. See under Chap.
chloride. — Chlo'ridize, -iz, -idate, -at. v. t. To
;

Choral, Chorister, Chorus, etc. See under Choir.

treat with a chloride; esp. (Phot.) to cover a plate Chord, k6rd,n. String of a musical instrument. (Mus.)
with chloride of silver.— CMo'tous, -rus, a. Elec- A harmonious combination of tones simultaneous-
A
j

tro-negative; noting an acid containing equal parts ly performed. (Geom.) right line, uniting the
of chlorine and oxygen. —
Chlorina'tion, n. A [
extremities of the arc of a circle. See Segment. —
process for extracting gold by exposing auriferous v. t. To_provide with musical chords or string's.
material to chlorine gas. — Chlo , ral,
n. com- A Chore, chor, n. A small job. pi. Jobs about the house,
pound of chlorine, carbon, hydrogen, and oxvgen, I barn, etc., to be attended to at set times.
obtained by the action of chlorine upon alcohol. Chorea, ko-re'a, n. (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a dis-
— C. hydrate. A
compound of chloral with water,
I

ease attended with irregular movements of the vol-

— used as a hypnotic. —
Chlo'ralism, -izm, n. A |
untary muscles.
morbid condition, from excessive use of chloral. Chorion, ko'rT-on, ?i. (Anat.) The exterior mem-
Chloral'um, n. An impure solution of chloride of brane investing the fetus in the womb. (Bot.) The
— — —
!

alumina, antiseptic and disinfectant. Chlo'ro- !

outer membrane of seeds. Cho'roid, n. (Anat.)
dyne, -din, n. An anodyne medicine containing The second coat of the eye. See Eye. —a. Pert.
chloroform, opium, etc. —
Chlo'roform, n. vol- A
[

to, etc.
atile compound of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, Chose, Chosen. See Choose,
— an important but dangerous anassthetic agent. i Chough, chuf, 17. A bird of the crow family.
t. To treat with, or place under the influence of, Chouse, chows, v. t. [choused (chowst), chousing.]
etc.— Chloro'sis, -ro'sis, n. (Med.) Green'sickness, To cheat, trick, defraud. n. —
One easily cheated;
— a disease of young females. (Bot.) disease A a tool; gull; a trick; a sham; imposition.
in plants, giving them a pale hue. Chowchow, chow-chow, a. Of several kinds mingled;
Chock, chok, v. t. To stop or fasten as with a wedge,
— —
mixed. n. — A
kind of mixed pickles. [Chin.]
block, etc. v. i. To fill up, as a cavity. n. Some- Chowder, chow'der, n. A
dish of fish, pork, biscuit,
thing to confine a cask, etc., by fitting 'into the space
|

onions, etc., stewed. v. t. —

To make into, etc.
around or beneath it. —
Chock '-full, -ful, a. Com-
;

Chrism, krizm, to. (Gr.Sz Rom. Cath. Churches.) Oil

pletely full. consecrated b} the bishop, formerly
r

Chocolate, chok'o-lat, n. A
paste made from the seeds
j

used in baptism, confirmation, ordina-

of the Theobroma cacao ; the beverage made by dis- tion, and extreme unction. Chris- —
solving chocolate-paste in boiling water. ma'tion, n. Act of applying, etc. —
Chogset, chog'set, n. An edible salt-water fish; the Chris'matory, -to-rT. n. vessel to A
burgall, Conner, or blue perch. hold the chrism. —
Chris'om, -um, a.
Choice. See under Choose. Anointed with, etc. n. —
white ves- A
Choir, Quire, kwir, n. An organized company of ture, so anointed, put on a child at
singers. (Arch.) The part of a church appropri- baptism or on a dead infant.
ated to the singers the chancel. The corporate Christ, krist, n. The Anointed, an —
body of a cathedral.
;

—
Chorus, ko'rus, n. Orig. a appellation of the Savior, synonymous
dance in a ring, round dance a dance with sing- ; with Heb. Messiah.
—Christen, „,
^nrisma-
.

ing; band of singers and dancers; that which is sung kris'n, v. t. [christened (-nd), -en-
by, etc.; part of a song in which the company join ing.] To baptize to give a name, tory.
the singer. — Cho'ral, a. Pert, to a choir: sung in denominate.
:

— Christendom, kris'n-dum, n. That

chorus. — n. (Mas.) A
hymn-tune. Cho'rally, — portion of the world in which Christianity prevails,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r j
 CHROMATIC 65 CINQUE
opp. to heathen or Mohammedan
lands the whole : clown. —
Chuffy, -Y, a. Fat or swelled out, esp. in
body of Christians. —
Christian, kris'chun, ri. A the cheeks surly rude; clownish.
; ;

believer in the religion of Christ one born in a Chum, chum, ??. A chamber-fellow, esp. in a college.
—
;

Christian country, or of Christian parents a Da- v. i. To occupy a chamber with another.

nish sold coin, worth $4. —
a. Pert, to Christ or
;

Chunk, chunk, n. A short, thick piece of anything.

his religion; professing Christianity; pert, to the —Chunck ,y, -Y, a. Short and thick.
church ecclesiastical.
; —
Christian name. The Church, cherch, ??. A building for Christian worship;
—
name given in baptism, opp. to the family name, a body of Christian believers worshiping together,
or surname. —
Christian, krisfyan, n. One of a or having the same rites and ecclesiastical authority;
sect of Baptists, called Disciples of Christ. Chris- — the collective body of Christians; ecclesiastical in-
tianity, kris-chY-an'Y-tY, n. The religion of Chris- fluence, authority, etc. —
v.t. [churched (chercht),
tians; system of doctrines and precepts taught by churching.] To unite with in publicly returning
Christ. —
Chris'tianiza'tion, -cliun-Y-za'shun, n. thanks in church, as after childbirth. Church^ —
Conversion to Christianity. —
Chris'tianize, -chun- man, n. ; pi. -men. An ecclesiastic or clergyman;
Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To make Christian, an Episcopalian, as disting.fr. other Protestants. —
convert to Christianity, imbue with Christian prin- /
Church manship, n. State of being, etc. Church'- —
ciples.— Chris'tianly, adv. In a Christian man- ward'en, -wawrd'n, n. An officer charged with the
ner. — Chrisfless, krist'-, a. Having no faith in pecuniary interests of a church or parish. Church'- —
Christ. — Christmas, kris'mas, n. The festival of yard, n. Ground adjoining a church, in which the
Christ's nativity, Dec. 25th. — Chrisfmas-box, n. dead are buried; a cemetery.
A box in which presents are put at Christmas a ; Churl, cherl, ??. A
rustic; a countryman or laborer;
Christmas present. tree, n. An evergreen tree, a rough, surly, ill-bred man; one illiberal or miserly;
illuminated and hung with presents and decorations a niggard.
at Christmas. —
ChristoKogy, -jY, n. A treatise con- Churn, chern, ??. A vessel in which cream is shaken,
cerning Christ; doctrine of the Scriptures respect- to separate the butter from other parts. v. t. —
ing Christ. [churned (churnd), churning.] To agitate, in
Chromatic, kro-mafik, a. Relating to color. (Mm.) order to make butter; to shake violently. v. i. To —
Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half-steps or agitate cream, etc.
semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular in- Chute, shoot, n. A rapid descent in a river; an opening
tervals of the diatonic scale. —
Chromatic scale. in a dam for descent of logs, etc. a shoot, a. funnel ;

(Mus.) The scale consisting of 13 tones, including 8 or slide for loading or unloading grain, coal, etc.
scale-tones and 5 intermediate tones, the interme- — Chyle, kil, n. (Physiol.) A
milky fluid, derived from
diate tones having formerly been printed in colors. chyme, and entering the circulation by the lacteal
— Chromatics, n. Science of colors. Chro'mo- — vessels. —
Chylifac'tion, ??. Act or process by which
lithog^raphy, n. Lithography adapted for print- chyle is formed. —
Chylifac'tive, -tiv, Chyl'ifica'-
ing in oil colors. —
/,
Chromo-lith ograph, Chro'mo, tory, a. Forming into chyle. — Chylifica'tion, n.
n. A lithographic picture in oil colors. Formation of chyle by digestive processes. — Chy /'-

Chrome, krom, Chromium, kro'mY-um, n. A hard, lous, Consisting, or partaking of chyle.

-liis, a.
brittle, grayish-white metal, difficult of fusion. Chyme, klm, ??. (Physiol.) The pulp formed by food
Chro'mic, a. Pert, to, or obtained fr., etc. Chro''- — in the stomach, mixed with the gastric secretions. —
mate, n. (Chem.) A
salt obtained by the union of Chymification, kYm'Y-1'Y-ka'shun, n. Process of be-
chromic acid with a base. coming chyme. —
Chym'ify, -fi, v. t. To form into
Chronic, kron'ik, -ical, a. Pert, or according to time chyme. — Chymous, kim'us, a. Pert, to chyme.
continuing for a long time. —
Chronicle, kron'Y-kl, Chymistry, etc. See Chemistry.
n. A register of events in the order of time; a his- Cicada, si-ka'da, n. ; pi. -dm, -de. (Entom.) hem- A
tory record, pi. Two books of the Old Testament. lpterous insect, the male of which makes a shrill,
— ;

v. t. [chronicled (-kid), -cling.] To record grating sound; the harvest fly.

in history; register. — Chronol'ogy, -jY, n. Science Cicatrice, sik'a-tris, n. A scar remaining after a
of computing time by periods, and assigning to —
wound is healed. Cicatrix, sY-ka'triks, n. ; pi.
—
events their proper dates. ChronoKoger, -ogist, n. Cicatrices, sik-a-tri'sez. Same as Cicatrice.—
One — Chronologic, -ical, a. Pert,
skilled in, etc. Cic'atrize, -trlz, v. t. [-trized (-trlzd) -trizing.]
to, etc. according to the order of time. — Chron- To heal and induce the formation of a cicatrice in.
ologically, adv. — Chronom'eter, n.
;

A time- —v. i. To heal or be healed. Cic'atriza'tion, n. —

keeper; esp. a portable time-keeper of superior ac- Process of, etc.
curacy. (Mus.) An instrument to measure the time Cider, si'der. n. A
drink made from the juice of ap-
of a musical movement. ples.
Chrisalid, kris'a-lid, Chrys'alis, n.; pi. Chrysal- Ci-devant, sed-voN', a. Former; previous.
ides, -sal'Y-dez. A
form into which the caterpillar Cigar, sY-giir'', n. roll of tobacco, for smoking. A —
or larve of butterflies, moths, and some other in- Cigarette', -ef, n. little cigar; tobacco rolled in A
sects, passes, and from which the perfect insect paper for smoking.
—
.

emerges. a. Pert, to, or resembling, etc. Chrys- —

Dimeter, sim'e-ter, n. A short sword with a recurv-
anthemum, -anlhe-mum. n. (Bot.) A genus of ated point, used by Persians and Turks. [Written
composite plants, including the sunflower, mari- also scimetar, scymetar, and scimiter.']
gold, etc. Cimmerian, sim-me'rY-an, a. Pert, to the Cimmerii,
Chubb, chub, n. A thick, fresh-water fish of the carp a fabulous people said to have dwelt in dark caves;
family. —
Chub'bed, -by, -bY, a. Like a chub; intensely dark.
plump, short, and thick. —
Chub'biness, n. Cinchona, sin-ko'na, n. (Bot.) genus of trees of A
Chuck, chuk, v. i. To make a noise like a hen calling the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, produ-
her chickens to cluck, laugh mockingly,
;
in a —
cing a medicinal bark, known as Peruvian or Jes-
—
broken, convulsive manner. v. t. To call, as a hen. uit's bark : the bark itself.
— n. Call of a hen; a sudden small noise; word of Cincture, sink'cher, n. belt girdle that which
ring at the top
A ;

A
;

endearment. encompasses; inclosure. (Arch.)

Chuck, chuk, v. t. [chucked (chukt), chucking.] and bottom of a column, separating the shaft from
To strike gently; to throw, with quick motion, a the base and from the capital.
short distance; to pitch. (Mech.) To place in, or Cinder, sin'de'r, ??. A small particle remaining after
hold by means of, a chuck. n. —
slight blow un- A combustion small coal, with ashes ; ember ; scale ;

der the chin. (Mach.) contrivance A fixed to the thrown off in forging metal.
mandril of a turning-lathe to hold the material to Cinnabar, sin'na-bar, n. Red sulphuret of mercury
be operated upon. or quicksilver; vermilion.
Chuckle, chuk'l, v. t. [chuckled (chuk'ld), chuck- Cinnamon, sin'na-mon, n. The inner bark of a tree
ling.] To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck; to of Ceylon, aromatic and of a pungent taste.
fondle, cocker. ??. A —
short, suppressed laugh of Cinque, sink, n. The number 5 upon dice or cards. —
exultation or derision. v. i. —
To laugh in a sup- Cinque'foil, n. (Bot.) A plant having leaves resem-
pressed or broken manner. bling the fingers of the hand. (Arch.) An orna-
Chuff, chuf, n. A
coarse, dull, or surly fellow a mental foliation having 5 points or cusps.
;

siin, cube, full ; moon, f6"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CION 66 CITRON
Cion, Scion, si'un, n. r
A
3 oung shoot or sprout of a
— Circumnavigate, -naVT-gat, v. t. To sail around;
plant. pass round by water. —
Circumnav'igable, -ga-bl, a.
Cipher, si'fgr, n. {Arith.) character [0] which, A Capable of being, etc.— Cir / cumnav / iga /'tion, n. Act
standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when of, etc. — Cir'cumnav'iga'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.
placed at the right hand of a whole number, in- — Circumpo'lar, a. About or near the pole. — Cir'-
creases its value tenfold. A cumposi'tion, -zish/un, n. Act of placing in a circle,
or state of being so placed. —
Circumscribe, -skrlb,
v. t. [-scribed (-skribd), -scribing.] To inclose
within a certain limit, hem in, limit, restrict, restrain.
— Circumscrip'tion, -skripChun, n. Exterior line
determining the form or magnitude of a body; lim-
itation by conditions, restraints, etc.; bound; limit.
PHEring.] To practice arith- — CirCumspect, -spekt, a. Attentive to all the cir-
metic. —
v. t. To write in oc- Cipher. cumstances of a case; cautious; watchful; vigilant.
cult characters; to represent, — Circumspection, -spekChun.m. Attention to, etc.;
Circean, ser-se'an, a. Pert, to Circe, a fabled en deliberation; wariness; forecast. Circumspect/ive,
chantress magical ; noxious. ; -iv, a. Looking round ever y way; carol ul of con-
Circle, ser'kl, n. A
mnded by a curve
plane figure, bounded sequences.— CirCumspect'ly, adv.— CirCumspect'-
line called its circumference, every y part of ^——^ ness, n. —
Circumstance, -stans, n. The condition
which is equally distant from ra point
f \ of things surrounding an event; something attend-
within it called the center ; the linee bound- I )
ing on a fact, though not essential thereto; a partic-
ing such a figure a circumference, As ular incident or adjunct, pi. Condition in regard
tron.) An instrument of observation
3e
;

S -
irvation, .
-
VV SJ to worldly estate; state of property.— v. t. [-stanced
whose graduated limb consists of an entire Circle (-stanst), -stancing.] To place relatively, or in a
circle. A round body sphere orb compass cir- ; ; ; ; particular situation. —
Circumstantial, -stanChal,
cuit; a company assembled about a central point of a. Consisting in, or pert, to, circumstances, or par-
interest a coterie; a series ending where it begins ticular incidents; abounding with, or exhibiting all
;

a form of argument in which unproved statements

;

of, the circumstances minute particular.

; n. ;
—
are used to prove each other a province or princi- Something incidental to the main subject, but of
—v.*. [circled (-kid), circling.] To re-
pality.
;

less importance. —
C. evidence. (Law'.) Any evi-
volve around; to encompass, inclose, —v.i. To dence not direct and positive.— Cir'cumstan'tiaK-
move circularly. CirClet, -klet, n.— little circle, A ity, -sht-aKT-tT, n. State of anything as modi-
as of gold, etc. ; a round body orb. CirCular, — fied by circumstances particularity in exhibiting
-ku-lar, a. Pert, to a circle; round; repeating itself;
;

circumstances minuteness.
;
;

—
Cir'cumstan'tially,
illogical inconclusive adhering to a fixed circle of -shal-lT, adv. According to circumstances in every
;

legends; cyclic mean address to a number of per-

; ;
;

particular. —
Cir / cumstan tiate, -shY-at, v. t. To
/,
;

sons having a common interest. n. circular letter, A place in particular circumstances to enter into de-
copies of which are sent to various persons.— Cir'- tails concerning. — Circumvallate, -val'lat, v. To ;

t.
cularly, adv.— Circulate, v. To move in a -lat, i. surround with a rampart. — Cir'cumvalla'tion, n.
circle; to pass round; to pass from place to place, (Mil.) Act of surrounding with a wall a line of field
—
;

hand to hand, etc. v. t. To cause to pass, etc.; to works surrounding the camp of a besieging army.
diffuse; disseminate. — CirCulable, -la-bl, a. Capa- Circumvent'', v. t. To gain advantage over, by arts,
ble of being, etc.— Circulation, n. Act of, etc.; cur- stratagem, or deception; to deceive, delude. —Cir-
rency; circulating coin, bills, etc.; extent to which cumvention, -venChun, n. Deception; fraud; im-
anything circulates. —
Circulator, -ter, n. Circu- — posture. — Circumvent'ive, -iv, a. Deceiving by ar-
latory, -rT, a. Circular; circulating. tifices. —Circumvest', v. t. To cover round as with
Circuit, sei-'kit, n. Act of moving or revolving a garment. Circumvolve, -volv', t\ t. [-volved
around a journeying from place to place in the ex- (-volvdO, -volving.] To roll round, cause to re-
;

ercise of one's calling region passed over in such a

; volve. — v.i. To revolve.
journey, esp. that over which jurisdiction, as of a Circus, ser'kus, n. ; pi. Cir'cdses, -ez. (Roman An-
judge, etc., extends; that which encircles anything, tiq.) An open or inclosed space, or the edifice in-
as a crown ; distance around any space ; space in- closing it, for games and shows. circular inclos- A
closed within a circle, or within certain limits.— v. t. ure, for feats of horsemanship; the company of per-
To move or make to go round. Circuitous, -ku'i- — formers in a circus, with equipage.
tus, a. Going round in a circuit; indirect. Cirrus, sir'rus, n. ; pi. Cir'ri, -n. (Bot.) tendril. A
Circumambient, ser-kum-am-'bT-ent, a. Surrounding; (Meteor.) A
form of cloud composed of thin fila-
inclosing on all sides. —
Circumambulate, -lat, v. i. ments, resembling a brush or masses of woolly hair.
To walk round about. Circumam'bula'tion, n. — (Zobl.) A slender, fringe-like appendage.
Act of, etc. —
Circumbend'ibus, n. A circuitous Cisalpine, sis-aKpin, a. On the hither (Roman) side
route. [Vulgar.']— Circumcise, -siz, v. t. [-cised of the Alps, —i. e. south of the Alps. Cisatlan'tic, —
(-sizd), -cising.] To cut off the foreskin of, in the a. On this side of the Atlantic Ocean.
case of males, or the internal labia, in females. Cist, sist, n. (Arch.) A
chest or basket. (Antiq.) A
(Script.) To render holy. Circumcision, -sizh'un, — Celtic tomb having a stone chest covered with slabs.
n. Act of, etc. (Script.) Rejection of the sins of the — Cis'tern, w. A
reservoir for water or other liquids.
flesh; spiritual purification; the Jews, as disting. fr. Cistercian, sis-terChan, n. One of an order of Bene-
uncircumcised races. —
Circumclusion, -kluChun, n. dictine monks established orig. at Citeaux, France.
Act of inclosing on all sides. Circumduct, -dukf, — Cit, Citadel, Citizen. See under City.
v.t. To lead about or astray. (Law.) Tocontravene; Cite, sit, v. t. To call upon officially or authoritative-
nullify. —Circumduction, n. leading about, an A ly ;to summon to quote, name, or repeat, as the
;

annulling. —
Circumference, -fer-ens, n. The line words of another to call or name, in proof or con-
:

that encompasses a circular figure; periphery; space firmation of. —

Cit'al, n. Summons to appear; cita-
included in acircle; anything circular: external sur- tion; quotation. —
CitaCion, n. Official call or no-
face of a sphere or orbicular "body.— Circumflex, n. tice to appear; paper containing such notice; act of
A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall citing a passage from another person; words quoted;
on the same syllable; a character, or accent, denot- enumeration; mention. — Cifatory, -rT, a. Having
ing in Greek a rise and fall of the voice on the same the power or form of citation. CitCr, n. —
long syllable, marked thus [>or -•], and in Latin Cithern, sithCrn, Cit'tern, n. musical instrument,A
and some other languages, a long and contracted like the guitar.
syllable, marked [a ].—?'. t. To mark or pronounce Citron, sitCun, n. A
tree cultivated for its fruit_; the
with a circumflex. —
Circumfluent, -fluous, -floo-us, preserved rind of the fruit. CitCate, -rat, n. —
a. Flowing around; surrounding in the manner 01 (Chem.) A
salt formed by the union of citric acid
a fluid. —
Clrcumfuse, -fuz', v. t. To pour round, and a base. —
Cit'ric, a. Of, or pert, to, an acid in
spread round. —
Circumjacent, -sent, a. Lying the juice of lemons and allied fruits. Cifrine, -rin, —
around; bordering on every side. Cir / cumlocu r - — a. Like a citron or lemon ; of a lemon color. n.
tion, -ku'shun, n. A circuit of words; periphrase. (Min.) Ayellow, pellucid variety of quartz.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r i
 CITY 67 CLAUSE
City, sift, n. A large or corporate town inhabitants der firm by a clamp. — To r. i. tread heavily or
—
;

of a city. Citizen, -T-zen, n. An inhabitant of a clumsily; to clump.

city a freeman of, etc., disting. fr. one not entitled
; Clan, klan, n. A
tribe or collection of families, united
to its franchises a native born or naturalized in- under a chieftain, and bearing the same surname
—
; ;

habitant of a country. Citizenship, n. State of a clique; a sect, society, or body of persons.— Clan /'-
being, etc. Cit, n. —
nert townsman. A
Cifadel, — nish, a. Closely united, like a clan disposed to unite.
n. A
fortress in a fortified city. Civic, sivlk, a. — Clandestine, klan-deslin, a. Withdrawn from pub-
;

Pert, to, or derived fr., a city or citizen. Civil, a. — lic notice; kept secret underhand; sly; fraudulent.
;

Pert, to a city or state, or to a citizen in his civic re- Clang, klang, v. t. [clanged (klangd), clanging.]
lations; lawful or political, as opp. to military; pert. To strike together with a ringing metallic sound. —
to an organized community; civilized; having the v.i.To produce, etc.— n. ringing sound.— Clangor, A
manners of one dwelling in a city; courteous; com- klan'gor, n. A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. Clan'- —
plaisant. —Civil death. (Law.) That which cuts off gorous, -us, a. Making a clangor. Clank, klank, —
a man from civil society, or its rights and benefits. n. The loud, ringing sound made by a collision of
— C. engineering. Science of constructing public sonorous bodies. v. t. and i. —
[clanked (klankt),
works. —
C. law. The law of a state, city, or coun- clanking.] To make, etc.
try; esp., the municipal law of the Roman empire. Clap, klap, v. t. [clapped (klapt), clapping.] To
— C. war. A
war between citizens of the same coun- strike with a quick motion, making a noise by the
try. —
C. pear. The legal year, appointed by the collision; to thrust, drive, or put, hastily or abruptly;
government. —
Civilly, -li, adv. Civilian, sT-viK- — to manifest approbation of, by striking the hands
yan, n. One skilled in the civil law one engaged together. v. i. —
To come together suddenly with
in pursuits of civil life, not military or clerical.
;

— noise to strike the hands together in applause

—
; ;

Civility, -1-tT, n. Courtesy of behavior; politeness to enter briskly. n. A

loud noise made by collis-
good-breeding, pi. Acts of politeness courtesies. — ;

ion a stroke thrust sudden explosion striking of

Civilize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To re-
; ;

hands in approbation.
; ;

—
Clap'per, n. One who, or
;

claim from a savage state to educate, refine. ;

— that which, etc. the tongue of a bell.
; Clapboard, —
Civilized, a. Reclaimed, etc. cultivated. CiV- — klab'berd, n. In Amer., a board thicker at one edge
—
;

iliz'able, a. Civ'ilizalion, n. Act of, or state of than at the other, for covering houses; in Eng., a
being, etc. —
Civlsm, -izm, n. State of citizenship. stave.— v. t. To cover with clapboards.— Clap'trap,
Cives, sivz, Chives, chivz, n.; pi. n. A
trick to gain applause. a. Not genuine.— —
A species of garlic, growing in Clap'perclaw, v. t. To fight and scratch; to revile,
tufts. scold.
Civet, siv'et, n. substance of a A Claque, klak, n. A
collection of persons engaged to
musky odor, used as perfume. applaud a theatrical performance. Claquer, Ma- —
(Zool.) A
carnivorous animal ker', n. One employed, etc.
producing civet, ranking be- Clarence, klar'ens, n. A
close four-wheeled carriage.
tween the weasel and fox, na- Civet,
Clarendon, klar'en-dun, n. (Print.) narrow, heavy- A
tive of North Africa. faced type, of all sizes.
Clabber, klab'ber, n. Milk turned as to become thick
— is in Clarendon type.
This line
i i

or inspissated. v. i. To turn thick. fi!^"

Clack, klak, v. i. [clacked (klakt), clacking To Clare-obscure, klar'ob-skur, Claro-obscuro, kliilo-ob-
make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or crack- skoo'ro, n. Light and shade in painting; a design
ing to clink, click; to talk rapidly and continually. of two colors.
— ;

v. t. To cause to make a sudden noise; to clink; to Claret, klar'et, n. A

French pale wine a dark-red
utter rapidly and inconsiderately. n. sharp, ab- — A wine from Bordeaux, etc.
;

rupt sound made by striking; anything that causes Clarify, klar'T-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying,] To make
a clacking noise; continual talk; prattle; prating. clear, purify from feculent matter, defecate, fine;
Claim, klam, v. t. [claimed (klamd), claiming.] to brighten or illuminate. v. i. To become pure, —
To call for, challenge as a right, demand as due. as liquors; to grow clear or bright.
— v.i. To be entitled to anything. — n. A demand Clarion, klar'T-un, n. A kind of trumpet, whose note
of a right or supposed right; a right to demand; title is clear and shrill. — Clarionet', Clarinet, n. A
to anything in possession of another thing de- ; wind reed instrument, used in military bands.
manded that to which one has a right. (Mining.)
; Clash, klash, v. i. [clashed (klasht), clashing.]
A space of ground worked under the law. Claim''- — To dash noisily together, come in collision, inter-
ant, n. One who claims.— Cla'mant, a. Crying earn- fere. —
v. t. To strike noisily against. n. meet- — A
estly clamorously beseeching.
; Clarn'or, klam r- — ing with violence contradiction, as between con-
;

Sr, n. Loud and continued shouting or exclama- flicting interests, purposes, etc.
tion; loud noise; uproar; vociferation, v. t. [clam- — Clasp, klasp, n. A
catch, for holding together the
ored (-erd), -ORING.] To salute or stun with noise. parts of anything; a close embrace.— v. t. [clasped
— v. i. To vociferate, make importunate demands. (klaspt), clasping.] To shut or fasten together
— Clarn'orous, -us, a. Noisy; turbulent. with a clasp; to embrace, grasp. Clasp'er, n. One —
Clairvoyance, klar-voi'ans, n. A power, attributed who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. Clasp-- —
to mesmerized persons, of discerning objects not knife, -mf, n. A
knife, whose blade folds into the
present to the senses. Clairvoy'ant, a. Pert, to,— handle.
etc. — n. One who, etc. Class, Idas, n. A
group of individuals possessing
Clam, klam, n. (Conch.) A bivalve shell-fish. pi. common characteristics a number of students of ;

(Ship Carp.) Pincers for drawing nails, pi. (Mech.) the same standing an order or division of animate
;

A kind of vise. or inanimate objects. —

v. t. [classed (klast), class-
Clam, klam, v. t. [clammed (klamd), clamming.] ing.] To form
into classes, rank together. v. i.
To clog, aswith glutinous or viscous matter. v. i. — To be grouped or classed. Class-mate, n. One in —
To be moist or sticky. —
Clam'my, -mT, a. Soft and the same class. —
Clas'sic, -sical, a. Of the first
sticky. — Clam'miness, n. class or rank, esp. in literature or art orig. pert, to ;

Clamber, klam'be'r, v. i. [-bered (-berd), -Bering.] the best Greek and Roman writers, now, also, to
To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. the best modern authors pert, to the Greeks and
Clamor, etc. See under Claim. Latins chaste ; pure refined.
;
Clas'sic,
; n.
;

— A
Clamp, klamp, n. A piece of timber or iron, to fasten work of acknowledged excellence ; one learned in
work together; a mass of bricks heaped «» p— the classics. —
Clas'sify, -sT-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid),
up to be Durned, or of ore to be smelted, /^sj5 ^H -fying.] To distribute into classes, arrange, rank,
or of coal to be converted to coke,
(f* systematize. —
Clas'sifica'tion, n.
(Ship-building.) A plank on the inner \\ Clatter, klatler, v. i. [-tered (-t5rd), -tering.] To
part of a ship's side, to sustain the \N __ make rattling sounds to rattle with the tongue,
>
beams. One of a pair of pieces of soft ^^? J^v
«

prate. —
;

v. t. To strike and make a rattling noise. —

material, to cover the jaws of a vise a ; n. A repeated rattling noise.
heavy f oo tstep. ^— v. t. [clamped Clause, klawz, n. A
separate portion of a written
(klampt), clamping.] To unite or ren- Clamp. paper, paragraph, or sentence. (Oram.) portion A
sun, cQbe, full ; moon, ffiot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CLAUSTRAL 68 CLIP
of a sentence containing finite verb and its church benefit of clergy.
; —
Benefit of clergy.
junct. (Eng. Laic.) Exemption of clergymen from crim:
Claustral. See under Cloister. inal process before a secular judge once ex- —
Clavicle, klav'i-kl, n. {Anat.) The collar-bone. tended to all who could read, but now abolished.
Claw, klaw, n. A
sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or — Clergyable, a. Entitled to, or admitting, the
bird; a talon, v. t. —
[clawed (klawd), clawing.] benetit of clergy. — Clergyman, n. pi. -men. An
To pull, tear, or scratch with claws or nails to get ; ordained minister. — Cleric, klerlk, n. A clerk, or;

off or escape. clergyman. — Cleric, -ical, a. Pert, to the clergy;

Clay, kla, n. A
soft earth, consisting of alumina and also to a clerk or copyist. —
Clericalism, -izm, n.
silica, with water. (Poetr/t and Script.) Earth Clerical domination or influence. —Clerk, klerk, n.
in general, as representing the elementary particles Orig., an educated person; scholar; in Eng., a lay
of the human body ; the human body. — v. t. parish officer, who leads in reading the responses of
[clayed (klad), claying.] To manure with clay ; the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists
to purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. in it; a scribe; penman; accountant; an assistant in
Claymore, kla'mor, n. A two-handed sword formerly a shop or store, who sells goods, keeps accounts, etc.
used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Pron. klark in England.] -
Clerkly, a. Scholar-
Clean, klen, a. Free from dirt, or from that which is like. —
Clerk'ship, n. Condition or business of, etc.
injurious; without defects; adroit: dexterous; free Clever, klev'er, a. Possessing skill, talent, or adroit-
from restraint or limitation; complete; sinless; pure. ness; showing skill in the doer; having fitness, pro-
(Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement. adv. — priety, etc.; well-shaped, handsome, good-natured,
Without limitation or remainder; quite; entirely; kind-hearted. [Amer.] —
Clev'erly, adv. Clever- —
dexterously adroitly.
; v. t. —
[cleaned (klend), ness, n.
cleaning.] To free from dirt, purify, cleanse. Clevis, klevls, Cleyy, klev'T, re. A draft- <
— Cleanly, klenlY, adv. In a clean manner iron on the end of a cart-tongue or pkrw-
neatly. —
Clearness, n. Cleanly, klenll, a. — beam.
Habitually clean, avoiding defilement: innocent; Clew, Clue, klti, n. A ball of thread; thread
pure; cleansing adroit; artful. r
Cleanlily, klen' - — used as a guide in a labyrinth; that which
—
;

1I-1T, adv. In a cleanly manner. Cleanliness, n. guides one in anything doubtful or intri-
— Cleanse, klenz, v. f. [cleansed (klenzd), cleans- cate. (Naut.) The outer lower corner of
ing.] To render clean. —
v. i. To become clean. v. t. [clewed (kind), clewing.] (Naut.) To draw
Clear, kler, n. (Carp.) Full extent distance be- ; up to the yard, as a sail. To direct, as by a thread.
tween extreme limits. —
a. Free from opaqueness, Click, klik, v. i. [clicked (klikt), clicking.] To
blemish, guilt, obstacle, etc.; able to perceive clear- make a small, sharp noise, as by gentle striking; to
ly; acute; unbiased; distinctly heard; audible; man- tick. —
re. A
small, sharp sound; a peculiar articu-
ifest; plain distinct. —
adr._ Plainly; quite en- lation used by natives of Southern Africa. re. — A
— v.
; ;

tirely. t. [cleared (klerd), clearing.] To small piece of iron, falling into a notched wheel; a
free from obscurity, leap or pass by, or'over,
etc.; to detent; pawl.
without touching or failure; to remove so as to leave Client, kli'ent, n.(Rom. Antiq.) A citizen under the
something unobstructed. v. i. To become clear — I protection of a patron. A dependent; one who ap-
from clouds or fog; to become disengaged. (Bank- I plies to a lawyer for advice, direction, etc., in a
ing.) To make exchanges and settle balances. question of law.
(Naut.) To obtain a clearance, and sail from port.
— I
Cliff, klif. n. A
high, steep rock; precipice.
Clearing-house, re. (Banking.) The place where Climacteric. See under Climax.
clearing carried on.
is —
Clear-sighted, -sit'ed, a.
;

j
Climate, kli'mat,?!. (Anc. Geog.) Oneof 30 zonesof
Having acute sight.— Clear-sightedness, n.— Clear-- the earth, parallel to the equator. Condition of a
starch, v. t. To stiffen with starch, and then clear place in relation to temperature, moisture, etc.—
—
i

by clapping with the hands. Clear'-story, -sto^ri, '

Climatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or limited bv climate.

Clerestory, kler'sto-rT or kler'es-to-rT, n. /g
— Cli'matize, -tlz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To
(Arch.) An upper story or row of windows, n f'j,
acclimate. —
r. i. To become acclimated. Clima- —
esp. in a Gothic church, rising clear above jil U tology, -jT, n. Science of, or a treatise on, climates.
adjoining parts of the building. Clear' - Mh'i' — -

1 Climax, klilnaks, n. (Rhet.) An arrangement in

stuff,??. Boards, etc., free from knots. j.|F i which a sentence rises, as if step by step, in impor-
Cleat, klet, re. (Carp.) A
strip of wood nailed |f , tance, force, or dignity. The highest point. Cli- —
to something to strengthen or fasten it. '
macteric, kli-makler-ik or klim-ak-terlk, a. Pert,
(Naut.) A
piece of wood, to belay ropes to. , to a critical period of life. n. — A
critical period in
piece of iron to render shoes more durable. ^ leat>
rl
A human life, or one in which change is supposed to
— v. t. To strengthen with a cleat. take place in the constitution; any critical period.
Cleave, klev, v. i. limp, cleaved (klevd) or (ohs.) — Grand or great climacteric. The 63d year.
clave p. p. cleaved
; cleaving.] To adhere ; Climb, kllm, v. i. or t. [climbed (klimd) or (obs. or vul-
closely, stick, hold fast to be united closely
*
; in in- j
gar) clomb (klQm), climbing.] To ascend by means
terest'or affection; to be adapted; to agree. I
of hands and feet; to mount laboriously or slowly.
Cleave, klev, v. t. [imp. cleft or (obs.) clave and Clime, klim, n. Same as Climate.
clove-.]), p. cleft or cleaved (klevd); cleaving.] j
Clinch, klinch. Clench, v. t. [clinched (klincht),
To part or divide by force, split, rive; to part or clinching.] To make or hold fast, grasp, gripe;
open naturally, divide. v. i. —
To part, open, crack. to render firm, confirm, establish. ?!. Act or pro- —
— Cleav'er, re. One who, or that which, cleaves, cess of, etc.: or that which serves to hold fast; a
esp. a butcher's meat-chopper. Cleav'age, -ej, re. — pun. (Naut.) A
kind of knot and seizings to fasten
Act of, etc. (Crj/stallog.) Quality of splitting or di- '

a cable or gun to ring-bolts.

viding naturally. —
Cleft, n. An opening, or a piece, ;
Cling, kling, v. i. [clung, clinging.] To adhere
made by splitting crack crevice; chink. (Far.)
; ; closely, hold fast, esp. by winding round or em-
A crack in the bend of the pastern. I
bracing.—?-, t. To cause to adhere to.
Clef, kief, n. (Mus.) A
character in musical nota- Clinic, klinlk, -ical, a. Pert, to abed; confined to
tion to determine the position i— bed by illness; bed-ridden.
— —
Clinic, re. One con-
and pitch of the scale as rep <
fined, "etc. Clinique, -ek r n. An examination of
,

resented on the staff. H

~ diseased persons by medical professors in presence
Cleft. See under Cleave. of their pupils. [F.]
Clematis, klem'a-tis, n. A ge- r „, „, „
v <^iei. Clink, klink, r. t. [clinked (klinkt), clinking.] To
—
.

nusof climbing plants. ° i^iei. j?

make a small, sharp, ringing sound. n. ring- A
Clement, klem'ent, a. Mild in t* Clei. ing sound. —
Ciink'er, re. Several bricks united by
temper and disposition: lenient: tender; indulgent. heat; scoria, or refuse of a furnace; vitrified mat-
— Clem'ency, -si, n. Quality of being, etc. ter ejected from a volcano.
Clench. See Clinch. Clip, klip, v.t. [clipped (klipt), clipping.] Orig.,
Clerestory. See under Clear. to embrace, encompass; to cut off, as with a single
Clergy, klei-'j!, v. The body of ecclesiastics, as disting. ?troke: to curtail, cut short, —v. i. To move swift-
fr. the laity: in En e., ministers of the established ly.— re An embi-ace; a cutting; shearing; product
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 CLIQUE 69 COAPTATE
of a single shearing; a blow or stroke with the hand. Clove, klov, n. {Bot.) One of the small bulbs devel-
— Clip'per, n. One who clips esp. who cuts' oft ; oped in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.
edges of coin. (Jfaut.) A
fast-sailing vessel, hav- Clover, klo'ver, n. {Bot.) A
plant of the grass kind.
ing the bow sharp and long. Clip'' ping, n. Act — Clown, klown, n. A
husbandman; rustic; an ill-bred
of embracing, cutting off, or curtailing thing man the fool in a play, circus, etc. v. i. To act —
clipped _off.
; ;

as a clown. —
Clownish, a. Like, etc.; ungainly;
Clique, klek, n. A
narrow circle of persons; coterie. boorish. —
Clownlshly, adv. Clownlshness, n. —
Cloak, klok, n. A
loose, outer garment; a disguise or Cloy, kloi, v. t. [cloyed (kloid), cloying.] To glut,
pretext, —
v. t. [cloaked (klokt), cloaking.] To or satisfy, satiate, surfeit.
cover with a cloak; to hide or conceal. Club, klub, n. A
heavy staff, wielded with the hand;
Clock, klok, 11. An instrument for measuring time. one of the suits of cards, having a figure like the
Clod, klod, n. A
lump or mass, esp. of earth, turf, or clover-leaf. —v. t. To strike with a club. Club"'- —
clay; the ground, earth; the body as compared with foot, u. A
short, deformed foot.
the soul; a dull, stupid fellow; a dolt. v. i. To — Club, klub, n. An association of persons for some
collect into concretions to clot. v. -t.
; To pelt — common object, at joint expense. v. i. and t. To —
with clods. combine to promote some common object; to pay
Clog, klog, v. t. (klogd), clogging.] To en-
[clogged one's proportion of a common expense.
cumber, or load, esp. with something that sticks fast; Cluck, kluk, v. i. [clucked (klukt), clucking.] To
to obstruct so as to hinder motion, choke up, em- make the noise of a brooding hen. v. t. To call, as —
barrass, impede, hamper. v. i. To become loaded — a hen does her chickens. n. {Pron.) —
peculiar A
or encumbered to coalesce or adhere.
; n. That — articulation used by natives of South Africa.
which hinders motion; an embarrassment; a heavy Clue. Same as Clew.
shoe; wooden shoe. Clump, klump, n. A
shapeless mass of wood, etc.; a
Cloister, klois'ter, n. A
covered arcade a monastic ; cluster of trees; the compressed clay of coal strata.
establishment. v. t. —
[cloistered (-terd), -ter- Clumsy, klum'zl, a. Without grace of shape, man-
ing.] To confine in a cloister. Clois'tral, Claus'- — ners, etc.; awkward; uncouth.
tral, klawslral, a. Pert, to, or confined in, etc. — Clung. See Cling.
Clois'terer, n. An inmate of, etc. Cluster, klusler, n. A
number of similar things
Cloke. See Cloak. growing, joined, or collected together; a crowd.
Close, kloz, v. t. [closed (klozd), closing.] To v. i. [clustered (-terd), -tering.] To grow in
bring together the parts of; to stop, shut; to bring clusters, gather in a bunch or mass. v. t. To col- —
to an end, conclude; to inclose, encompass, confine. lect into a bunch or close body.
— v. i. To come together, unite or coalesce ; to end, Clutch, kluch, v. t. [clutched (klucht), clutching.]
terminate. n. Union of parts; junction; termina- To seize, clasp, or gripe
tion; end; a grapple in wrestling. {Mas.) End —|-. with the hand to close
of a strain of music; cadence. An inclosed ~ tightlv, clinch. v. i. To —
;

place; esp. a field or piece of land; a passage

f\
jj catch, snatch. n. A —
from a street to a court, and the houses with- _|J gripe; seizure; grasp
in ; the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Clo'sure, -zhur,
ing; that
conclusion.
which
—
of shutting
n.
rii n<u>
a clos- os
Act
shuts, incloses, or confines; end;
To close with. To accede, consent, or
agree; to grapple with. —
Close, klos, a. Shut fast;
;
— {Mach.)
piece, for connecting
A
shafts, so as to be disen-
gaged at pleasure
cross-head of a piston-rod,
The hands hence,
projecting

; the
tI^t
power
closed; tight; pent up; confined; secret; stagnant; pi. ; ; rapacity.
without motion or ventilation; secretive; reticent; Clutter, klutler, n. A confused collection; confu-
parsimonious niggardly dense solid compact;
; ; ; ; sion; disorder. r. — t. [cluttered (-terd), -tering.]
adjoining; near; intimate; confidential; adhering To crowd together in disorder, fill with things in
to rule; strict; accurate; precise; evenly balanced; confusion. v. — i. To make a bustle, or fill with
doubtful. —
adv. In a close manner. Clos'et, — confusion.
kloz'et, n. A
room for retirement or privacy; a Clyster, klisler, n. {Med.) An injection into the
small, close apartment, for utensils, articles of fur- bowels^
niture, etc. —
v. t. To shut up in a closet to take Coach, koch, n. A large, close, four-wheeled carriage.
into a private room for consultation.
;

— v.t. To convey in a coach; to cram, or prepare

Clot, klot, n. A. concretion, esp. of a soft, slimy char- for an examination.
acter; a coagulation. v. i. —
To concrete or coagu- Coadjutor, ko-ad-juler, n. One who aids another, or
late; to be formed into clots or clods; to become is empowered to perform the duties of another; as-
gross. sistant co-worker. —
Coadjulrix, a. A female as-
—
;

Cloth, kloth, n. A
woven stuff of fibrous material; a sistant. Coad'jutant, a. Mutually assisting.
profession, or the members of it, esp. the clerical Coagent, ko-a'jent, n_. An assistant or associate.
prof ession. —
Clothe, klorh, v. t. [clothed (klothd) Coagulate, ko-ag'u-lat, v. t. To cause to change into
or clad, clothing.] To put garments upon, fur- a curd-like state, —
said of liquids. v.i. To un- —
nish with raiment to cover or invest, as with a dergo coagulation, thicken, curdle.
—
;

garment, —v. i. To wear clothes. Clothing, n. Coal. koI, n. Wood charred, or partially burnt; char-
—
Raiment covering. Clothier, -yer, n. One who coal. {Min.) A
black, solid, combustible substance,
;

makes, sells, dresses, or fulls cloth. consisting mainly of carbon, used for fuel. v. t. —
Cloud, klowd, n. A
collection of visible vapor sus- [coaled (kold), coaling.] To burn to coal, char;
pended in the atmosphere; a mass of smoke or dust to mark with chai coal; to supply with coal. v.i. —
resembling vapor; a dark vein or spot in marble, To take in coal, said of —
steam-vessels. CoaK- —
etc.; that which has a lowering or threatening as- ery, -er-T, Colliery, kol'yer-T, n. place where coal A
pect; a great crowd or multitude. v. t. To be — is dug.— Collier, -yer, it. A
digger of, or dealer in,
overspread with clouds; to render dark or obscure; coal; a vessel for transporting coal. CoaKy, -1, a. —
to variegate with colors. v. i. —
To grow cloudy or Pert, to or containing coal. Colly, k5Ki, n. Black—
obscure. —
Cloud'y, -T, a. Overcast or obscured grime or soot of coal or burnt wood. v. t. [COL-
with, or consisting of, clouds lacking clearness ; ; lied (kolld), -lying.] To render black.
not easily understood having the appearance of Coalesce, ko'a-les', v. i. [coalesced (-lest'), coa-
gloom marked with veins or spots. Cloudily,
;

— lescing.] To grow together; unite into one mass;

-l-li,
;

adv. — Cloudiness, ».— Cloudless, a. Un-

- unite in society. —
Coalition, -lish'un, «. Union in
clouded. a body or mass; a temporary combination of per-
Clout, klowt, n. A
piece of cloth, leather, etc., for a having different interests;
sons, parties, states, etc.,
patch; the center of an archer's butt; an iron plate confederacy; combination; conspiracy.
on an axletree.— r. t. To cover with cloth or other Coamings, Combings, komlngz, it. pi. {JSTaut.) The
material; to patch, join in a clumsy manner to ; raised borders or edges of the hatches.
guard with an iron plate. Coaptate, ko-ap'tat, v. t. To adiust, as parts to each
Clove, klov, a.A pungent aromatic spice, the unex-
panded flower-bud of the clove tree.
other,
bone. ——
esp. {Svrg.) to adjust the parts of a broken
Coaptation, -ta'shun, n. Adaptation of, etc.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 COARSE 70. COFFER
Coarse, kors, a. Large in bulk, or composed of large when suspended from the cat-head, ready to drop-
parts; not refined or nice; gross; rough; indelicate. pit, n. A room under the lower gun-deck, used
— Coarsely, -IT, adv. Coarse'ness, n. — for the wounded during action. — Cockswain, kok''-
Coast, kost, n. Orig. the exterior line, or border of a sn, n. The person who steers a boat.
country; edge of the land next to the sea; sea-shore. Cockchafer, kok'chaf-er, n. (Entojn.) The May-bug
— v.i. To approach; to sail by or near a coast: to or dor-beetle. —
Cock'roach, -roch, n. An insect
sail from port to port in the same country; to slide of several species, infesting houses, ships, etc.
down a hill on a sled, upon snow or ice. Coast'er, — |

Cocker, kok'er, v. t. [cockered (-erd), -ekixg.] To

nK A
person or vessel that sails along a coast trad- treat with tenderness, fondle, pamper.
ing from port to port. Coast '-line, n. Outline — Cockle, kok'l, it. (Bot.) weed that grows among A
of a coast: shore line. Coast'wise, adv. Byway — corn, corn-rose the darnel. — (Conch.); bivalve A
of, or along, the coast. '
shell fish having
corrugated a
Coat, kot. n. A
man's outer garment the habit or ; :
shell. — v. To contract into
t.

vesture of an order of men an external covering, wrinkles, like ridges of the cockle-
shell. — v.
;

as fur or hair of a beast a layer of any substance ; To take the form of

i.

covering another a tegument that on which en- : : i wrinkles.

signs armorial are portraved. —v. t. To cover with Cockney, kok'nt, n. ; pi. -xeys, -niz.
a coat.— Coat of amis. (Her.) habit worn by A An effeminate person; a resident of
knights over armor an armorial device. : —
London. a. Pert, to or like. etc.
Coax, koks, v. t. [coaxed (kokst). coaxing.] To Cocoa, ko'ko, n. (Bot.) A palm tree
persuade by insinuating courtesy, flattery, or fond- producing the cocoa-nut. prepa- A
ling; to wheedle, fawn. ration made from cacao seeds a
Cob. kob, n. top or head hence, that which is
The ; beverage made from it. — Cocoa
;

large, round, etc. a person at the top. or distin-

; shells. The dried husks of cacao
guished a rich, covetous person a lump or piece,
; ; seeds.
as of stone; a spider a short-legged and stout vari- : Cocoon, ko-koon', n. An oblong case
ety of horse the spike on which grains of maize
: which contains the silkworm in its
grow.— Cob'ble. stone, Cob'stone. n. A rounded
C chrysalis state; the case constructed
fragment, as of coal, stone, etc. Cob'nut, n. — A by an insect to contain its larve.
large nut; a child's game played with nuts, also the Cod, kod, n. A
husk or envelope con- l>ocoa tree,
nut winning the game. Cob'web. n. spider's — A taining seeds a pod the scrotum.
; (Ichth.) A ;

net a snare or device. v. t. To cover with, or as — fish inhabiting the northern

:

with, cobwebs. seas. —

Cod'ling, n. A young
Cobalt, ko'bawlt, n. reddish-gray metal, brittle, A cod. —
Cod'liver oil. A fixed
and difficult of fusion its oxides are used in glass : oil obtained from livers of
manufacture to produce the blue varieties called the cod. very nutrient, and
imwlt. used medicinally for rheuma- Cod.
Cobble, kob'bl. n. fishing-boat. See Coble. A —A tism, skin diseases, pulmonary consumption, etc.
stone. See under Cob. Coddle, kod'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did;, -dlixg.] To par-
Cobble, kob'bl. v. t. [cobbled (-bid), cobblixg.] boil to treat tenderly.
:

To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to do bun- Code, kod, n. A collection, system, or digest of laws.—
glingly. —
Cob'bler, ?i. mender of shoes; a clumsy A Comdex, ii. ; pi. Codices, kod'i-sez. manuscript; A
workman a beverage composed of wine, sugar, book; code. —
Cod'ify, -fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fy-
lemon, and broken
;

ice. ix g.] To reduce to a code or digest, as laws. —

Coble, kob'1, n. A
boat used in herring fishery. Cod'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Cod'icil, -I-sil, n.
Cobra de capello, ko'bra-da-ka-peKlo. The hooded A supplement to a will.
snake, a venomous reptile of the East Indies. Codger, kod'jer, n. A mean person ; curmudgeon ;

Cochineal, koch^i-nei, n. plant-louse found upon A odd old person.

the Mexican cactus: the dried insects used as a scar- Coefficient, ko-ef-fish /'ent, a. Cooperating actiug
—
;

let dye-stuff, from which carmine is made. in union to the same end. n. That which unites,
Cochlea, kok'le-a, n. (Aaat.) The spiral cavity of the etc. (Math.) A
known quantity put before letters
internal ear. or quantities, to show how often to take them.
Cock, kok, n. The male of birds, esp. of domestic Coequal, ko-e'kwal, a. Equal with another of the :

fowls a vane shaped like a fowl, weathercock a same rank, dignity, or power. n. One who is, etc. —
—
; ;

chief man. leader an instrument to let out liquor : Coeqnalityr-kwoKf-tT, n. State of being, etc.
from a cask, spout. Cockade, -ad', n. —
rosette or A Coerce, ko-ers', v. t. [coerced (-erst'), coercixg.]
knot of ribbons, etc., on the hat. Cock'atoo'', n. — I To restrain by force, constrain, repress, compel.
A bird of the parrot kind, having a crest of feathers Coercion, -er'shun. n. Act or process of, etc.; re-
•which it can raise or depress. Cock'atrice. -tris, — straint.— Coer^cive. -siv, a. Compelling, or able to
n. The basilisk a fabulous serpent, hatched by a
: compel compulsory.
—
I ;

serpent from a cock's egar, and whose breath" or Coeternal, ko-e-ter'nal, a. Equally eternal. Co-
look was fatal. — Cock'crow, -crowing, n. The time eter'nity. -ti. n. Equal eternity with another.
at which cocks crow early morning. — Cock'er. n.
: Coeval, ko-e'val, a. Of equal age. n. One of the —
One who follows cockfighting: a dog of the spaniel same age.
kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc. Cock'- — •
Coexist, ko-egz-isf, v. i. To exist at the same time.
erel. n. A young cock. Cock'nght, -fighting, — — Coexist'ence. n. Existence at the same time with
A contest of game-cocks. loft, n.
,

—
-match.?;.
The top-loft upper room. : pit, n. An area where
game-cocks fight. [See also under Cockboat.]
— —
|
another. Coexist'ent, a. Existing, etc.
Coextend, ko-eks-tend'. v. t. To extend through the
same space with another. Coexten'sion, -shun, n. —
Cocks'comb, -kom, n. The caruncle or comb of 1

Equal extension. Coexten'sive, -siv, a. —

a cock. (Bot.) A plant of different genera. A Coffee, kof'fe, n. The berries of a tree growing in
vain, silly fellow a fop. Coek'spur. n. The spur
; — warm climates of Asia and
on a cock's leg. (Bot.) A variety of hawthorn.
]

America a drink made from

Cock, kok, n. A pile of hay. v. [cocked (kokt), — t~.
j
;

the roasted berry, by decoc- «v

cocKixG.] To
in piles. set up tion. — Coffee-house, n. A >«i»
Cock, kok, n. Act of turning or setting up thing set ; house for the sale of coffee and "<
up the gnomon or style of a dial. v. t. To set
; — other refreshments. mill, n. £?
erect, turn up to place upon the head jauntily. A mill for grinding coffee.
—
;

Cock'eye, n. squinting eye. A -pot. n. A

covered pot in
Cock, kok, n. The hammer of a gun-lock. v. t. To — which coffee is boiled, or
draw back the cock, in order to fire. Cock'- — brought upon the table.
feather, n. (Arch.) The feather above the notch, Coffer, "koffer. n.
Coffee.
A chest, esp.
when the arrow is fitted to the string. for monev. (Arch.) sunken A
Cock, Cockboat, kok'bot, n. ship's small boat. A panel. (Fort.) A
hollow work across a dry moat,
— Cock'bill, n. (Xaut.) Position of the anchor, serving as a parapet with embrasures. lock to re- A
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term : In, Ice ; Odd, tOne, 6r ;
 COFFIN 71 COLLEGE
ceive a barge. v. t. —
[coffeked (-ferd), -fering.] Colander, n. A vessel with a perforated
kuf en-der,
To place in a coffer. —
Coffer dam. (Engin.) A bottom for straining liquids.
box of timber, to exclude water while constructing Colchicum, kofkT-kum, n. A genus of plants, inclu-
piers, etc. ding the meadow saffron, whose bulbs are used me-
Coffin, koffin, n. The case in which a body is dicinally for gout and rheumatism. [L.]
inclosed for burial. (Far.) The hollow part of a Cold, kola, a. Destitute of warmth, physical or moral;
horse's hoof. (Print.) A
wooden frame inclosing
— bleak; chill; indifferent; spiritless; reserved. — n.
the stone on which forms are imposed. v. t. [cof- Absence of warmth; sensation produced by escape
fined (-find), -fixing.] To put into, etc.— Cof- of heat; chilliness. (Med.) A morbid state of the
fin-bone, n. (Far.) A
horse's foot-bone inclosed animal system produced by cold; catarrh. Cold'- —
within the hoof. blood'ed, -blud'ed, a. Having cold blood; without
and [cogged (kogd), cogging.] To —
Cog, kog. v. t.

wheedle, deceive to
A tooth on a wheel,
i.

; thrust in, by deception. — n.

transmitting motion. — v. t.
of animals.
cold metal.
—
sensibility; hard-hearted; not thoroughbred,

—
chis'el, n. A
said
hard chisel for cutting
short, a. Brittle when cold. —-sore,
To fix a cog upon, furnish with cogs. n. (Pathol.) A
herpetic eruption, about lips or nos-
Cog, Coggle, kog'gl, n. A boat fishing-boat. ; trils,attending catarrhal inflammation.
Cogent, ko'jent, a. Having great force; pressing on Cole, kol, n. A
plant of the cabbage family; esp. the
the mind; not easily resisted; convincing; conclu- species called also rape, which does not head like
sive. the cabbage. —
Cole'wort, -wert. n. Cabbage cut
Cogitate, koj'Y-tat, v. i. To engage in continuous young, before the head is firm.
thought, reflect. —
Cogita'tion, n. Act of thinking; Coleus, ko'le-us, n. A
plant of the mint familv, hav-
meditation; contemplation. ing variegated leaves. —
Coleop'teral, -terous, -op'-
Cognac, korf yak, n. A brandy formerly made at ter-us, a. Having wings covered with a case or
Cognac. France. [Written improp. Cogniac] sheath, as beetles.
Cognate, kog'nat, a. Allied by blood or birth; kin- Colic, kofik, n. (Med.) Acute pain in the bowels,
dred in origin, formation, etc. n. (Law.) One — growing more severe at intervals.
connected with another bv kindred; one related to Coliseum. Same as Colosseum.
another on the female side; one of several things Collaborator, kol-Iab'o-ra'ter. n. An associate in
allied in origin. labor, esp. literary or scientific; co-worker; assistant.
Cognize, kog'niz, v. t. To recognize, perceive. — Collapse, kol-laps r , v. i. [-lapsed (-lapsf), -lapsing.]
Cog'nizance, kog'- or kon'i-zans. n. Knowledge or To tall together suddenly, shrink up. n. —
falling A
notice; observation; recognition; judicial knowl- together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. (J/ecZ.)
edge or jurisdiction. (Law.) An acknowledgment A "sudden failing of the vital powers.
or confession. A badge, to indicate the party to Collar, koflar, n. Something worn round the neck.
—
which one belongs. Cognizant, kog'- or kon'I- (Arch.) A
ring or cincture; astrag.,1 of a column.
zant, a. Having knowledge of. (Mech.) Aring-like part of a machine, for holding
Cognomen, kog-no'men, n. A surname: the last of something to its place. (Navt.) An eye in the bight
the 3 names of an ancient Roman, denoting his of a shroud, to go over the mast head. v. t. —
[col-
family. lared (-lard), -laring.] To seize by the collar,
Cohabit, ko-hab'it, v. i. Orig., to dwell with, or in- put a collar on. —
Cof lar-beam, n. "(Arch.) A
habit the same place or country; to live together as horizontal piece of timber bracing two opposite raf-
husband and
Co-heir, ko-ar', ??.
wife.
A the breast-bone and shoulder-blade.
joint heir.— Cc-heires.., ko-ar'es,
ters. —
bone, n. (Anat.) The clavicle, a bone joining

n. A jointjieiress. Collate, kol-laf, v. t. To compare critically; to gather

Cohere, ko-hef. v. i. [cohered (-herd'), cohering.] and place in order, as sheets of a book for binding.
To stick together; to follow regularly in the natural (Eccl.) To present and institute in a benefice. v. —
order; to cleave, fit. —
Coherence, "-ens, -ency, -si, i. (Eccl.) To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.
—
n. A sticking together: suitable connection; consist- Collation, -la' shun, n. Act of bringing together
ency. — Coher'ent, a. Sticking together: connected and comparing; act of bestowing. (Eccl. Law.) Pre-
by some relation of form, order, etc.: consistent.— sentation to a benefice by a bishop. An unceremo-
—
Coherently, adv. Cohe'sion, -zhun, n. Act of nious repast or lunch. Colla'tive, -tiv, a. Passing —
sticking together; attraction by which particles of or held bv collation. Collator, -ter. n. One who —
homogeneous bodies unite; a state of connection or collates manuscripts or books. (Eccl. Law.) One
dependence. —
Cohe'sfve, -siv, a. Having the power who collates to a benefice.
of cohering. —
Cohe'siveness, n. Collateral, kol-laf er-al, a. On the side of; subordi- \

Cohort, ko'hQrt, n. (Rom. Ant iq.) body of about A nately connected; indirect. (Genealogy.) Descend-
500 or 600 soldiers. Any band of warriors. ing from the same ancestor, but not one from the
Coigne, koin, Quoin, koin or kwoin, n. corner or other.A n. — A
collateral relation; security given in
external angle; corner-stone: a wedge. addition to a principal promise or bond.
Coil, koil, v. t. [coiled (koild), coiling.] To wind Colleague, kof leg, n. One united with another in the
in rings, as a rope. n. —
Rings formed by winding, discharge of some duty; partner; associate. v. t. or —
etc. Noise; tumult. i. To unite with in the same office.
Coin, koin, n. A
corner or external angle; a wedge Collect, kol-lekf ?>. t. To gather into one body or ,

to raise, lower, fasten, or level anything, as a can- place, bring together; to infer as a consequence, de-
non, printer's form, etc.: a piece of metal stamped duce. —
v. i. To be assembled together, accumu-
"with characters, making it legally current as money; late; to infer, conclude. Collect' ible, -Y-bl. a. Ca- —
that which serves for payment or recompense. v. t. —
pable of being gathered or inferred. Collect, kof —
[coined (koind), coining.] To stamp and convert lekt, n. A
short, comprehensive prayer.— Collecta'-
into money, mint, fabricate.— Coufage, -ej, n. Act nea, -ne-a, n. pi. Passages selected from various
of coining; money coined: expense of coining; act ruthors; anthology chrestomathy. [L.] Collecta'- ;
—
or process of forming: invention: fabrication. neous, -ne-us, a. "Gathered; collected. Collection, —
Confer, n. One who makes coin; a minter; coun- -lek'shun, n. Act of collecting; thing gathered;
terfeiter; inventor or maker. contribution; assemblage; crowd; mass; compila-
Coincide, ko'in-sTd, v. i. To fall together, asree in tion; selection. Collective, -iv, a. Formed by —
position, correspond, be identical. Coincid'er, n. —
gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; de-
— Coincidence, -sT-dens, n. Act or condition of ducing consequences. (Gram.) Expressing an ag-
—
falling together: agreement or concurrence, esp. of gregate of individuals. Tending to collect. Col-
events at the same time. —
Coin' cident, a. Having iect'ively, adv. In a body; unitedly. Collect' or, —
coincidence; agreeing. -er, n. One who collects or gathers. (Com.) An
"
Coir, kwoir, n. Cocoa-nut fiber for matting, ropes, officer who receives customs, taxes, or toll. Col- —
etc. lecforship, -orate, n. Office or jurisdiction of, etc.
Coition._ko-islfun, n. Sexual intercourse; copulation. College, kof lej, n. A collection or society of men; a
Coke, kok, n. .Mineral coal charred, or deprived by fire societvof scholars incorporated for study or instruc-
of volatile matter, v. t. —
[coked (kokt), coking.] tion: "an establishment for students acquiring lan-
To convert into coke. guages and science.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot»t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 COLLIDE 72 COMET
Collide, kol-lid', v. i. To strike or dash together. — — Col'or-blindness, n. Imperfect perception of col-
Collison, -lizh'un, n. Act of, etc. ; a state of op- ors Daltonism.
;

position ; in- ^y \ Colorado beetle, kol-o-ra / do-be /'tl. The potato-bug,—

terf rence ; a destructive yellow beetle, orig. fr. Colorado.
clashing. Colossus, ko-los'sus, n. ; L. 2>l- -si, -si E. pi. -suses, ;

Collie, Colly, -ez. A gigantic statue esp. that at the entrance of

;

kol'll, n. A the harbor at Rhodes.— Colos'sal, -se'an, a. Gigan-

Scotch shep- tic. —
Colosse'um, n. Vespasian's amphitheater in
herd's dog. Rome. [Also written Coliseum.']
Collier, Col- Colporteur, kol-por-ter', Col'porter, n. One who ped-
liery.See un- dles religious tracts and books. Col 'staff, n. — A
der Coal. staff for carrying burdens on two persons' shoul-
Colliquefaction, ders^
kol we-
- lik ' Colt, kolt. n. The young of the horse kind a young, ;

fak'shun, n. foolish fellow.— Colt's'foot, n. plant whose leaves A

A melting to- were once used medicinally.
gether of bod- Colter, Coulter, kol'ter, n. The sharp on of a
fore iron
ies. plow, to cut the sod.
Collocate, koK- Column, kol'um, n. {Arch.) A cylindrical
lo-kat,t>. «..To support for a roof, ceiling, etc., composed
set or place; of Dase, shaft, and capital a pillar. {Mil.)
station. Col- — A body of troops in files with a narrow
;

location,
Ac

esp.
t
cing state of

something
;

being placed,
with
of
n.
pla-
front. (JVaut.)

above another.
or like, etc.
—
A
body of ships in line, so
as to follow in succession. (Print.) Figures,
words, or lines set perpendicularly one
Colum'nar, a. Formed in
—
Columella, -la, n. {Bot.) An Colter,
axis, supporting the carpels of some fruits the
) ;

else. stem in mosses, which is the axis of the capsule.

Collodion, kol- Colossus of Rhodes. Colza, koKza, n. A
variety of cabbage whose seeds
lo'dl-un, n. (Chem.) An adhesive solution of gun- afford an oil used in lamps. [Sp.]
cotton in ether and alcohol, used to close wounds, Coma, ko'ma, n. (Med.) Morbid propensity to sleep;
and in photography. lethargy. — Co'matose, -tos, -tous, -tus, a. Drowsv;
Collop, koKlop, n. A
slice of meat; piece of anything. lethargic.
Colloquy, kol'lo-kwl, n. Mutual discourse; confer- Comb, koin, n. An
instrument with teeth, for adjust-
ence dialogue. —
Collo'quial, o. Pert, to, or used ing hair, wool, etc. ; the crest on a cock's head the
;

in, common conversation. —

Collo'quialism, -izm, n. top, or crest of a wave the structure of wax in
;

—
;

A common form of expression.— CoKloquist, -kwist, which bees store honey. ?', t. [combed (komd),
n. Speaker in a conversation. combing.] To separate, disentangle, cleanse, ad-
Collude, kol-lud', v. i. To conspire in a fraud, act in just, or lay straight. —
v. i. (Xaut.) To roll over, as
concert. —
Collu'sion, -zhun, n. Secret agreement the top of a wave to break with white foam.
and cooperation for fraud deceit connivance. ; ;
— Combat, kom , bat
;

or kum^bat, v. i. To struggle or
Collu'sive, -siv, a. Fraudulently concerted. contend, as with an opposing force. v. t. To fight —
Colocynth, koKo-sinth, n. (3Ied.) The coloquintida,
— with, oppose by force, resist, oppose. n. A strug- —
or bitter apple; the pith of a species of cucumber, gle to resist or conquer. {Mil.) An engagement;
a strong cathartic. conflict; encounter. —
Com'batant, a. Contending;
Cologne, ko-lon /', n. A toilet liquid, composed of al- disposed to contend. n. —
One who, etc. a cham-
cohol and aromatic oils, orig. made in Cologne. — pion. —
Com'bater, h. Com'bative, -iv, a. In- — ;

Colon, ko'lon, n. (Anat.) The largest of the large clined to, etc. —
Com'bativeness, n. Disposition to,
intestines. {Gram.) A
point [:] marking a pause etc. (Phren.) The organ indicating it. See Phre-
greater than a semicolon, less than a period. [Gr.] nology.
Colonel, ker'nel, n. {Mil.) The chief commander of Combine, kom-bin', v. t. [-bined (-bind'), -bining.]
a regiment. To unite or join.— v. i. To form a union, confeder-
Colonnade, kol'on-nad', n. {Arch.) series of col- A ate; to unite by affinity.— Combin'able, a. Capable
umns placed at regular intervals. of, etc. — Combina r tion, n. Union or connection;
Colony, koKo-nl, n. A
company of people in a re- coalition :conspiracy. (Math.) Variation of any
mote country, and subject to the parent state the number of quantities in all possible ways.
country colonized. —
Colo'nial, a. Pert, to, etc.
;

— Combustible, kom-bus'tT-bl, a. Capable of taking

CoKonist, n. A member of, etc. CoKonize, v. t. — fire and burning
inflammable easily excited
—
; ; ;

[-nized (-nlzd), -nizing.] To plant a colony in to quick; A substance that will, etc.
irascible. ??.

people by colonies. v. i. —
To settle in a distant
;

— Combus'tibleness, -tibil'ity, n. Combus'tion, —

country. —
Col 'onizer, n. —Col'oniza'tion, n. Act -chun, n. A taking fire and burning; conflagration.
of, or state of being, etc. — Col'oniza'tionist, n. An Come, kum, v. [imp. came p. p. come
?'.
coming.] ; ;

advocate of, etc. esp. of colonizing Africa by

; To move hitherward, draw near, approach to ar- ;

negro emigrants from America. rive at some state or condition, occur, happen ; to
Coloquintida. Same as Colocynth. become evident, appear.
Color, kul'er, n. A property of light causing the eye Comedy, kom'e-di, n. A dramatic composition of
to distinguish differences in the appearance of ob- an amusing character. — Come'dian, n. An actor in,
jects a hue or tint as distinguished from white; or writer of, etc. — Comedienne', -ma'di-en', n. An
[F.] — Come'dietta, -ta, n. A little
;

that used to give-color: paint; pigments; false show; actress in, etc.
pretense. (Phren.) The organ indicating percep- comedy. [It.] — Com'ic,
tion of color. See Phrenology, pi. A flag, ensign,
,

-ical. a. ex- =::?

Pert. to. etc.: . ,
,

-< -;.: .-... -.

or standard. v. t. —
[colored (kuKerd), -oring.] citing mirth; laughable.— 1H
To change the hue of to give color to, dye, tinge,; Comi'cally, adv. — Com'- jjpH " -

paint, stain to give a specious appearance to, palli- icalness, •«.— ComicaKity,
ate, excuse. v. i. —;

To turn red, blush.— Col'ora- -T-tt, n. That which is,

ble, a. Designed to cover or conceal specious etc.
—
; ;

plausible. CoKorature, n. {Mus.) variation or A Comely, kumli, a. Hand-

shading of notes for harmony. CoKored, -erd, a. — some; graceful; well-pro-
Having color or plausible appearance. Colored — portioned. —
adv. In a be-
people. Persons of negro descent. Colorific, a. — coming or graceful man-
Communicating or producing color. Col'orist, ??. — ner. — Comeliness, n.
A painter skilled in coloring. Col'orless, a. Des- — Comestibles, ko-mes'tT-blz,
titute of color. —
Colorimeter, n. An instrument n. pi. Eatables.
Comet.
for measuring the depth of color, esp. in liquids. Comet, kom'et, n. A member of the solar system,
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r j
 COMFORT 73 COMMUNE
moving in an eccentric orbit, and consisting of a Commiserate, kom-miz'er-at, v. t. To feel sorrow,
nucleus, an envelope, and a tail. pain, or regret for; to be sorry for; to pity, feel for,
Comfort, kum'furt, v. t. To relieve or cheer under condole.
affliction or depression to solace, invigorate, re- Commissary, korn'mis-sa-rY, n. A deputy; commis-
—
;

fresh, animate. n. Strength and under af- relief sioner. (Mil.) An officer in charge of a special de-
fliction support a state of quiet enjoyment, or
: partment, esp. that of subsistence. Commissa''- —
whatever causes it. — Com'forter, n. One who, etc.
;

riat, n. (Mil.) That department charged with sup-

(Script.) The Holy Spirit. A woolen tippet; wadded plying provisions for the soldiers; the body of offi-
quilt. —
Com'fortable, a. Affording or enjoying, cers in that department; office of a commissary.
etc.; free from pain or distress.— n. coverlet. A Commit, kom-mif, v. t. To give in trust; to do, per-
Com'fortably, culr. —
Com'fortableness, n. Com r - — form, effect; to place beyond one's control; to pledge
fortless, a. Miserable forlorn. or bind,— used reflexively. Commit'tal, n. Act —
Comic, Comicality, etc. See under Comedy.
;

of committing a pledge. Commit'ter, n. Com- — —

Comity, kom'I-tl, n. Courtesy of intercourse civil- ;
;

miftible, a. Capable of being, etc. Commission, —

ity good breeding.
;
-mish /, un, n. Act of committing, doing, or per-
Comma, kom'ma, n. A character [,] marking the forming; a formal warrant of committing some trust
smallest grammatical division of a sentence. to a person; a company of persons joined in the ex-
Command, kom-mand'', v. t. To order with authority; ercise of some duty. (Com.) The acting under au-
to exercisesupreme authority over to have under ; thority of, or on account of, another; thing to be
influence, control, or vision; to exact or enforce, done as agent for another; brokerage or allowance
bid, direct, overlook, claim, —v. i. To have au- —
made to an agent. v. t. [-missioned (-mish/und),
thority, possess chief power, govern. n. An au- -missioning.^ To give a commission to, appoint,
thoritative order exercise of authority " right or
;
;
depute. —
Commis'sioner, n. One commissioned to
possession of authority ability to overlook, control,
; execute some business for an employer; an officer in
or watch a body of troops under a particular of-
; charge of some department of the public service.—
ficer.— Command' er, n. A leader the chief officer ; Commis'sionaire'', -liar', a. A factor; commission-
of an army, or a division of it. (Navy.) An officer merchant; one stationed in a public resort to receive
next above a lieutenant. heavy, wooden mallet. A commissions or act as guide, messenger, etc. [F.] —
— Command'ery, -er-Y, -ry, -ri, n. manor belong- A Commis'sion mer'chant. One who transacts busi-
ing to an order of knights, and controlled by a com- ness on commission, as the agent of others, receiv-
mander ; a preceptory a lodge of the Freemasons
; ing a rate per cent, as his reward. Commiftee, -te, —
—
I

called knights templars. Command'ing, a. Fitted n. A select number of persons appointed to attend
to control; imperious. —
Command'r ment, n. An au- to any business, by a legislative body, court, or any
thoritative order precept. (Script.) One of the 10
; collective body of men acting together. Commit'- —
laws given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. I
teeship, n. Office of a committee.
Commeasurable. Same as Commensurable. Commix, kom-miks', v. t.ori. [-mixed (-miksf), -mix-
blend. — Commix'ture,
|

Commemorate, kom-mem'o-rat, v. t. To call to re- ing.] To mix or mingle ;

membrance, or celebrate with honor and solemnity. -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. mass formed ;

— Commern'ora'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a public cele- by mingling compound. ;

bration. Commode, kom-mod r n. A woman's head-dress; a

chest of drawers; a bedroom convenience, — a close-
,

Commence, kom-rhens'', v. i. [-menced (-mensf),

-mencing.] To begin, originate; to take the first stool.— Commo'dious, -di-us, a. Affording ease and
university degree. v. t. —
To enter upon, begin, convenience ; fit ; comfortable. — Commod 'ity, -Y-tl,
/

begin to be or to appear.— Commencc'ment, n. iirst n. That which affords convenience or advantage,

existence of anything rise origin beginning; the
; ; ; esp. incommerce goods, wares, etc. ;

day when university degrees are conferred. Commodore, korn'mo-dor, n. The commander of a
Commend, koHi-mend', v. t. To commit or intrust squadron; leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen.
for care or preservation; to present as worthy of re- Common, kom'un, a. Belonging equally to more than
gard; to praise; to recommend to the kind reception one, or to many indefinitely; serving 'for the use of
of . —
Commend'able, a. Capable or worthy of, etc. all; general; public; often met with not distin-
— Commend'ably, adv. Commenda'tion, n. Act — guished by rank or character; commonplace; mean;
;

of, etc. praise applause a message of respect

; vulgar. n. —
An uninclosed tract of public ground.
— Commend'atory,
; ; ;

compliments. -to-rf, a. Serving (Law.) The right of taking a profit in the land of
to benefice in commendam.
commend; holding a — another. v. i.—To have a joint right with others in
Commen 'dam, n. (Eccl. Law.)
/
vacant benefice A common ground; to board together; eat at a table in
committed to the holder until a pastor is supplied. common. —
Com'mons, -munz, n. pi. The mass of
The holding of such a benefice. the people the commonalty
; the lower house of ;

Commensurate, koin-men'shoo-rat, a. Having a com- the Eng. parliament; provisions, food, fare; a club
mon measure; commensurable; equal in measure or where all eat at a common table. Com'monable, a. —
extent; proportional, —v. t. To reduce to a common Held in common; allowed to pasture on common
measure.— Commen'surately, adv.— Commen'sura'- land. —
Com'monage, -ej, n. Right of pasturing on
tion, n. State of being commensurate. — Commen'- a common; joint right of using anvthingin common
surable, a. Having a common measure. with others. —
Com'monalty, -al-tY, n. The common
Comment, kom'ment, v. i. To explain by remarks, people body of citizens. — Com'moner, n. One
criticisms, etc.; to write annotations. — n. ex- An
;

under the degree of nobility; a member of the House

planatory remark, observation, etc. ; annotation of Commons; one having a joint right in common
stricture. —
Com'mentary, -ta-rl. n.
;

series, collec- A ground; a student of the second rank in the univer-

tion, or book of comments, etc. : a memoir of partic- sity of Oxford, England. — Com'monly, adv. Usu-
ular transactions. —
Com'mentator, -menter, n. ally; ordinarily; for the most part. — Corn'monness,
Commerce, kom'mers, n. Exchange of merchandise n.— Corn'monish, a. Common-place; vulgar.— Com'-
between different places or communities; extended mon-place, a. Common trite hackneyed. n.; ; —
trade or personal intercourse; famil-
traffic; social or (lihet.) A
general idea applicable to different sub-
iarity. — Commercial,
-mer'shal, a. Pert, to, or en- jects; a trite remark. v. t. —
To enter in a com-
gaged in commerce; mercantile. mon-place book, or to reduce to general heads.—
Commination, kom-mT-na'shun, n. A threat; denun- Corn'mon-place'-book, n. book for recording A
ciation of punishment or vengeance. Comminato- — things to De remembered. Commonweal, -wel', —
ry, -min'a-to-rY, a. Threatening punishment. -wealth, -weltli, re. Prop., a free slate; a popular
Commingle, kom-min'gl, v. t. [-mingled (-gld), -min- government republic whole body of citizens.
; ;

gling.J To mingle together in one mass, or inti- Commotion, kom-mo'shun, n. Violent motion; agita-
mately; to blend. — v. i. To mix together, become tion; a popular tumult; perturbation or disorder of
blended. mind excitement.
;

Comminute, kom'mT-nut, v. t. To reduce to minute Commune, kom-mun', v. i. [-muned (-mund'), -mu-

particles, pulverize, grind.— Comminu'tion, n. Act ning.] To converse together familiarly, confer; to re-
of reducing to small particles; pulverization; atten- ceive the communion, partake of theJLord's supper.
uation by removing small particles. |
— Commune, kom'mun, re. small territorial dis- A
cube, full : moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 COMMUTE 74 COMPLETE
trict iu France municipal self-government. (F. agine, plot, gain, consummate. —
Mariner's compass.
— esp.
;

Hist.) A socialistic political party in France, One which has its needle permanently attached to
in Paris.— Corn'munism, -nizm, ». Doctrine of com- a card, so that both move together, the card being
munity of property among all citizens of a state or divided into 32 parts, or points. —
To fetch a compass.
society ; socialism. —
Com'munist, n. An advocate —
To go round in a circuit. Com'' passable, a. Capa-
of, etc.— Commu'nity, -nl-ti, n. Common possession ble of being, etc. —
Com'passes, -ez, n. pi. An in-
or enjoyment; a society of persons having common strument to describe circles, measure figures, etc.
rights, interests, etc.; society at large; the public, or Compassion, kom-pash'un, n. A suffering with an-
people in general.— Commu'nicate, -ni-kat, v. t. To other; sorrow excited by another's distress; pity;
impart for common possession, bestow, confer; to re- sympathy. —
Compas'sionate, a. Full of compas-
veal, or give, as information. v. i. —
To share or sion; tender; merciful. v. t. —
To have compassion
participate; to have intercourse or means of inter- for; commiserate. —
Compassionately, adv. Com- —
course. —
Commu /'nicable, a. That may be, etc.— pas'sionateness, n. —
Compatible, -pat't-bl, a. Ca-
Commu'r nicableness, -cabillty, 72. Commu / nica'r- — pable of existing in harmony; consistent; agreeable;
tion, n. Act of communicating; intercourse; means congruous.
of passing from place to place; that which is com- Compatriot, kom-palri-ut, n. A fellow-countryman.
municated ; commerce; correspondence; news. Compeer, kom-per', n. An equal; companion; peer.
Commu'nicative, -tiv, a. Inclined to communicate. Compel, kom-peK, v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pjelling.J
— Commu'nicativeness, n. — Commu'nicator, -ter, To drive irresistibly; to necessitate; to take by force
n. — Commu'nicatory, -to-rt, a. Imparting knowl- or violence, constrain, coerce. —Compulsion, -pul'-
edge. — Communion, -nmn'yun, n. Intercourse be- shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; constraint;
tween persons; union in religious faith; fellowship; restraint. —
Compul'sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rt,
a body of Christians having one common faith and -sory, -so-rT, a. Compelling. —
Compul'sive, -siv, a.
discipline; the celebration of the Lord's supper. Having power to, etc. — CompuTsively, -sorily, -ri-
A
Commu r nicant,_«. partaker of the Lord's supper. ll, adv. Forcibly. —
Compul'siveness, u.
Commute, kom-mut", v. t. To put one for the other, Compellation, kom-pel-ia'snun, h. Manner of ad-
exchange; to substitute, as a greater penalty for a dress appellation.
;
—
Compellative, -la-tiv, n.
less; to pay less for in gross than would be paid for (Gram.) The name by which one is addressed.
separate trips. —
v. i. To bargain for exemption; to Compend, kom'pend, Compendium, -l-um, n. A
arrange to pay in gross. —
Commu' table, a. Capable brief compilation; abridgment; epitome; summary.
of being exchanged. — Commu'tabillty, -T-ti, n. — — Compendious, -I-us, a. Summed up within nar-
Commutalion, n. Change; barter. (Law.) Sub- row limits.
stitution of one penalty for another. Purchase of a Compensate, kom'pen-sat or kom-pen'sat, v. t. To
right to go upon a certain route during a specified make equal return to, give an equivalent to, re-
period, for less than the aggregate charge for separate munerate, requite; to be equivalent to in value or
trips; an outright sum given as equivalent for aj;ro effect, counterbalance. — v. i. To make amends,
rata payment. supply an equivalent. —
Compensation, n. Actor
Compact, kom-paktl a. Closely and firmly united; principle of, etc.; an equivalent. (Law.) Payment
solid; dense; brief; succinct. v. t. To drive or of a debt by a credit of equal amount. Compen'- —
press closely together, consolidate; to unite or con- sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rt, a. Affording compensa-
nect firmly, as in a system. tion.
Compact, kom^pakt, n. An agreement between par- Compete, kom-pef, v. i. To contend, as rivals for a
ties; covenant; contract. prize.— Competition, -tish'un, ?i. Common strife for
Company, kum'pa-nT, m. State of being a companion; the same object; emulation; opposition; jealousy.
act of accompanying; an assemblage or association — Competitive, -l-tiv, a. Producing or pert, to,
of persons; guests, disting. fr. the members of afam- etc. —Competitor, -l-ter, n. One who claims what
ily ; a corporation; a firm; partners whose names are another claims; a rival.
not mentioned in the title of the firm. (Mil.) A Competent, konT'pe-tent, a. Answering to all require-
subdivision of a regiment. (Xaut.) The crew of a ments; having adequate power or right; fitted; qual-
ship.— v. i. To associate. —
Companion, kom-pan''- ified. —
Com'petence, -tency, -ten-si, n. State of
yun,?i. One associated with another; comrade; ally; being competent; sufficiency, esp. of means of sub-
accomplice. sistence. (Laio.) Legal capacity or qualifications;
Compare, kom-par', v. t. [-pared (-pard'), -paring.] right or authority.
To examine the mutual relations of; to represent Compile, kom-piK, v. t. [-piled (-pild'), -piling.] To
as similar, for purposes of illustration; to liken. put together or compose out of materials from other
(Gram.) To inflect according to degrees of com- books or documents.— Compilalion, n. Act of com-
parison. —v. i. To hold comparison; to be like or piling; thing compiled; esp. a book.
equal; to admit of comparison.— Comparable, kom r - Complacent, kom-pla sent, a. Accompanied with /r

pa-ra-bl, a. Capable or worthy of comparison.— pleasure; displaying satisfaction.— Compla'cence,

Com'parably, adv.— Comparative, -par'a-tiv, a. Es- -cency, -sen-si, n. A feeling of quiet pleasure; the
timated by, or proceeding from, comparison; hav- cause of pleasure; kindness of manners; civility. —
ing power of comparing. (Gram.) Expressing a Com'plaisant', -pla-zant', a. Desirous to please;
greater or less degree of a quantity, or qualitv, than kindly attentive; courteous; well-bred. [F.]— Com'-
the positive. —
Comparatively, ad v. In a compara- plaisantTy, adv. Com'plaisance', n. Kind com- —
tive manner; by comparison; relatively. Compar'- —
pliance with others' wishes; urbanity; suavity. [F.]
ison, -T-sun or -T-sn, n. Act of comparing; compara- Complain, kom-plan', v. i. [-plained (-plana''),
tive estimate. See Phrenology. (Gram.) Inflec- -plaining.] To express distress or censure to ;

tion of an adjective or adverb in its several degrees. bring an accusation, make a charge, murmur, la-
(Rfiet.) A simile or similitude. ment, repine.— Complain "ant, n. One who, etc.
Compartment, kom-part'ment, n. One of the parts (Law.) A plaintiff. [F.] Complaint', n. Expres- —
into which a thing is divided. sion of grief, censure, etc.; cause of complaining;
Compass, kum'pas, n. A circuit; A malady; disease. (Law.) Allegation that some
circumference; an inclosing person has been guilty of a designated offense. [F.]
limit; boundary; an inclosed Complanate, komlna-nat, v. t. To make level or even.
space; area; extent; capacity. Complete, kom-plef, a. Free from deficiency; per-
(Mas.) Range of notes compre- fect; finished; ended; entire; total. r. t. —
To bring
hended by any voice or instru- to a perfect state; to bring to pass, achieve. Com- —
ment. A magnetic instrument, pleteness, n. —
Complelion, n. Act of, or state of
to determine the cardinal being, etc.; fulfillment; realization. —
Comple'tive,
points. — v. t. [compassed $r -tiv, a. Making complete. — Com^plement, -ple-
(-past), -passing.] To go about ment, n. That which completes or supplies a defi-
or around; to inclose on all ciency ; quantity required to make complete.
sides; to besiege or invest; to (Astron.)Distance of a star from the zenith, as
get within reach, or within Mariner's Compas compared with its altitude. (Trigon.) Difference
one's power; to purpose, im- ! between an arc or angle and 90°. (Arith.) Differ-
aai fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone,
 COMPLEX 75 CONCEIVE
ence between a number and 10, 100, 1000, etc. (Mas.) Compound, kom-pownd / v. t. To put together, as ele-
',

Interval wanting to complete the octave. Com- — ments, or parts to form a whole to combine or
unite to settle amicably, adjust by agreement. —
;

plementSi, a. Supplying, or tending to supply,

—
;

a deficiency fully completing. Complement'- v. i. To come to terms of agreement, settle by com-

;

ary, a. Serving to complete. Comple'tory, -to-rf,— promise. — Com^pound, a. Composed of elements,

a. Making complete. —
n. Evening: the compline. ingredients, or parts. — n. That which is com-
— Com'pline, -plin, -plin, n. (Ecct.) The closing pounded; mixture of elements, ingredients, or parts.
prayer of the Human Catholic breviary, recited after Comprehend, kom-pre-hend / v. t. To include by con- ',

sunset. struction or implication to take into the mind, ap-

;

Complex, kom'pleks, a. Composed of two or more prehend the meaning of, understand.— Comprehen''-
parts; complicated; intricate. —
n. Assemblage; col- sion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. thing comprehended
—
;

lection. Com'plexness, ComplexSdness, -ed-nes, or inclosed within narrow limits summary epit- ; :

-ity, -T-tT, n. Intricacy. —

Com'plexly, adv. Com- — ome capacity of the mind to understand percep-
plex'ure, -ur, n. Involution or complication of one tion.— Comprehensive, -siv, a. Including much
; ;

thing with others. —

Complexion, -plekShun, n. within narrow limits; extensive; full. — Compre-
State of being complex; connection of parts; frame hensively, adv. — Comprehensiveness, n.
or texture; hue of the skin, esp. of the face; general Compress, kom-pres', v. t. [-pkessed (-prest'), -press-
appearance. —
Complex'ional, -ionary, a. Pert, to ing.] To
press together, bring within narrower
the complexion, or to the care of it. Com'plicate, — limits, crowd, condense.
Com'press, n. (Surg.)— A
-pll-kat, v. t. To fold or twist together, interweave; folded piece of linen, to make pressure on any part.
to render complex, involve. —
a. Composed of parts Comprise, kom-priz', [-prised (-prizd'), -pris-
v. t.

united; complicated. —
Com'plicately, adv. Com'- — ing.] To comprehend, include, embrace, imply.
plicateness, -cacy, -ka-sT, n. State of being, etc. — Compromise, kom'pro-miz, n. A mutual promise to
Complica'tion, w. Intricate or confused blending reter a dispute to the decision of arbitrators; adjust-
of parts ; entanglement. —
Com'plicative, -tiv, a. ment by mutual concessions.— !;, t. [-mised (-mizd),
Tending to involve. —
Complicity, -plis'i-tT, n. C011- -MisiNG.] To adjust by mutual concessions,-com-
dition of being an accomplice. pound; to commit, hazard, compromit. Com'pro- —
Compline. See under Complete. mis'er, n.— Com'promit, v. t. To pledge, promise;
Complot, kom'plot, n. A confederacy in some evil to put to hazard, by some act which cannot be re-
design; conspiracy; cabal. —
Complot/, v. t. and i. called, bring into danger, compromise.
To plot together, conspire, join in a secret design. Comptroller. See under Control.
r
v. i. L-i'lied (-plid ), -plying.] To
Comply, kom-pli', Compulsion, Compulsory, etc. See under Compel.
yield assent, accord, acquiesce.— Compliance, -ans, Compunction, kom-punkShun, n. Poignant grief or
n. Act of, or disposition tu, etc.; concession; obedi- remorse; the sting of conscience.
ence. —
CompliSnt, a. Pliant; yielding to request. Compute, kom-put / v. t. To determine by calcula-
— Compli'antly, adv. —
Com'pliment, n. Compli-
,

tion, cast up, count, enumerate. Computation, n. —

ance with the wishes of another; manifestation of Act or process of, etc.; reckoning; account.
approbation, regard, etc.; delicate flattery, —v. t. Comrade, kom'rad, n. A
mate, companion, or associ-
To flatter; express respect for. v. i. To use com- — ate.
pliments. Comtism, koNt'izm, n. Positivism the doctrine of ;

Component. See under Compose. the F. philosopher, August Conite, that all knowl-
Comport, kom-port', v. i. To agree, accord, suit.— edge is experience of facts acquired through the
v. t. —
To behave, conduct, with a reflexive pro- senses, and that we knuw nothing of causes or
noun. _
laws, but only phenomena.
Compose, kom-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] Con, kon. An abbr. of L. contra, against in the :

To form by uniting, put together to constitute ; ; phrase pro and con, for and against, it denotes the
to originate, become the author of; to place in form, negative or contrary side of a question; as a sub-
reduce to order to free from disturbance, set at
;
stantive, it denotes one who is in the negative.
rest. (Print.) To place in proper order for print- Con, kon, v. t. [conned (kond), conning.] Orig., to
ing, as type. —
Composed, -pozcK, p. a. Free from know; to study, try to fix in the mind, peruse.
agitation: calm; tranquil. — Composedly, -ecl-lT, Concatenate, kon-kat'e-nat, v. t. To link together,
—
adv. — ComposSdness, n. — ComposSr, n. One who
— unite in a series. Concat'enaSion, n. series of A
composes an author, esp. of a piece of .music.
;
links united, or of things depending- on each other.
Composition, -zish'un, n. Act of composing, esp. a Concave, kon^kav, a. Hollow and curved or rounded,
literary work. (Fine Arts.) That combination of — said of the interior of anything hemispherical.
parts in which each has its due proportion. Arrange- See Lens. — n. A hollow; arched vault, — v. t.

ment of type for use in printing. State of being [concaved (-kavd), -caving.] Tomake hollow.
r
composed; thing formed by composing. (Law.) Ad- Conceal, kon-seK, v. t. [-cealed (-seld ), -cealing.]
justment of a debt, by compensation mutually To hide or withdraw from observation to withhold ;

agreed on. —
Composition of forces. (Mech.) I he from utterance, disguise, secrete.— Conceal 'ment, n.
finding of a single force equal to two or more given Act of, or state of being, etc.; place of hiding; secret
forces acting in given di- place. (Law.) Suppression of truth.
rections. —
Composing- Concede, kon-sed'", v. t. To yield or suffer tu pass tu ;

stick, n. (Print.) An in- admit tu be true, grant, admit, give up, surrender.
strument of adjustable — v. i. Tu make concessiun. Concession, -sesh/- —
width, in which type is un, n. Act of granting thing granted boon a ; ; ;
Composing-stick. privilege, or right granted by government.
arranged into words and
lines. — Composite, -pSz'it, a. Made of distinct parts Conceit, Icon-set', n. That which is conceived in the
or elements; compounded. (Arch.) Belonging to an mind idea thought image a quaint fancy af- ; ; ; ; ;

order of architecture made up of the Ionic grafted fected conception; opinion; estimation; esp. overes-
upon the Corinthian. See Capital. —
timatiun of one's self; vanity.—v. t. To conceive, im-
Composite
number. (Math.) One which can be measured ex- agine. v. i. To form an idea, judge. —
actly by a number exceeding unity.— Compositive, Conceive, kon-seV", v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.]
-poz'T-tiv, a. Compounded, or having power of com- To receive into the womb and breed to form in the :

pounding. —
Compositor, -ter, n. One who sets in mind, as a purpose to picture to the imagination, ;

—
order. (Print.) One who sets type. Compc'nent, —
understand, believe, think. v. i. To become preg-
a. Composing; serving or helping to form; consti- nant; to have a conceptiun, idea, ur upinion; to
tuting.—?;. A
constituent part; an ingredient.— think. Conceivable, a. Imaginable. Conceiv'- — —
Composltae, -te, n. pi. (Bot.) A family of dicoty- ableness, n. ConceivSbly, adv. Concept, kon'- — —
ledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in sept, n. An abstract general conception. Concep- —
dense heads, —including the daisy, dandelion, and tion, -sepShun, n. Act of conceiving; state of being
aster. —Com'post, -post, v. (Agric.) mixture for A
conceived; formation in the mind ot an image, idea,
fertilizing land. —
v.t. To manure with compost. etc.; apprehension; image, etc., formed; notiun; a
— Compos'ure, -zhur, n. Act of composing; thing universal; power or faculty of forming an idea in
composed; a settled'state; calmness; tranquillity. the mind.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CONCENT 76 CONDONE
Concent, kon-senf, n. Concert of voices: harmony. with references to the text.— Concord'ant, a. Agree-
Concenter, -tre, kon-senler, v. i. [-centered or ing correspondent consonant. ConcordS-ntly, —
;

—
;

—
i

-tred (-terd), -tering or -tring.] To come to a adv. Concor'dat, a. A compact or agreement,

point, or meet in a common center. v. t. To draw- — esp. between the pope and a sovereign for the regu-
to a center, bring to a point. Concentrate, kon- — lation of ecclesiastical matters.
senlrat or konSen-trat, v. t. To bring to a com- Concorporate, kon-kSr'po-rat, v. i. To unite in one
mon center, unite more closely, combine. Concen- — mass or body. —
a. United in, etc.
Concourse, kon' kors, n. A moving or running to-
,

tration, ?i. Act of, etc. (Chem.) Volatilization of

part of a liquid, to increase the strength of the re- gether; an assembly; crowd: place of meeting.
mainder. —
Concen'trative, a. Serving to, etc. — ,

: Concrete, kon'kret, «. United in growth; formed by

Concen'trativeness, n. (Phren.) Power of concen- coalition of particles into one Dody: united in a
trating intellectual force. See Phrenology. — solid form. (Logic.) Existing in a subject; not ab-
Concentrator, -ter, n. (Mining.) A pneumatic ap- stract. n.— A compound or mass formed by con-
paratus for separating dry comminuted ore, accord- cretion. (Arch.) A mass of stone chippings, peb-
ing to the specific gravity of its particles. — Con- bles, etc., cemented bv mortar. (Logic.) A term
cen'tric, «. Having a common center. designating both a quality and the subject in which
Concern, koh-sem', v. t. [-cerned (-sernd ), -cern-
/r
it exists; a concrete term. Concrete', v. i. To—
ixg.] To relate or belong to, be of importance to
!

unite orcoalesce, as separate particles into a mass. —

to take an interest in to disturb, make uneasy.
; —;
j

\
v. t. To form into a mass. Concre'tion, n. Act —
n. That whichrelates to one, or affects the wel- i
of concreting, mass or solid matter formed by con-
fare; interest in, or care for, any thing. (Com.) '

gelation, condensation, coagulation, or other like

Persons connected in business a firm and its busi- natural process. (Geol.) A
nodule, produced by
ness. —
Concerning, prep. Pert, to; regarding; with
;

aggregation of material around a center.

respect to. Concubine, kon'ku-bin, n. paramour a woman A ;

Concert, kon-serf, v. t. To plan together; to plan, who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a
devise. —
v. i. To act in harmony,form combined
|

wife of inferior condition.

—
plans, take counsel. Agreement in a
Con'cert, n. j
Concupiscence, kon-ku'pis-ens, «. Unlawful desire,
plan; harmony; musical accordance or harmony; a esp. of carnal pleasure: lust.
musical entertainment. — Coneerlo, n. A musical
i

Concur, kon-ker', ;-. i. [-cikred (-kerd'), -curring.J

composition written for a principal instrument, with To meet in the same point; to act jointly; to unite
accompaniments for a full orchestra. [It.] Con- — in opinion, approve. —
Concurlence, n. A com-
certina, -te'na, n. A musical instrument of the ac- ing together; union; conjunction; joint rights, im-
cordion species. plying equality in different persons.— ConcurSent,
Concession. See under Concede. a. Acting in conjunction; cooperating: associate;
Conch, konk, n. A marine shell. (Arch.) The domed concomitant joint and equal in authority. n. —
semicircular or polygonal ter-
|

Joint or contributory cause.

;

Concur'rently, adv.—
mination of the choir of a Concussion, kon-kushlm, n. Act of shaking or agi-
church; apsis. See Apsis. — tating, esp. by the stroke of another body; state of
Concha, kon'ka, n. (Anat.) being shaken; shock.
The external by whicn
ear, Condemn, kon-dem', v. t. [-demxed C-demd'), -deji-
sounds are collected and trans- aing (-demliing).] To pronounce to be wrong,
mitted to the internal ear. See blame, censure, pronounce judicial sentence against,
Ear. [L.l —
Conchology. -kol'- pronounce unfit for service. Condem'ner, n. — —
o-jT, n. Science of shells and Condem'nable, a. Worthy of, etc.; blameworthy;
animals inhabiting them; mal- culpable. — CondemnaSion, n. Act of, or state of
acology. —
Conchol'ogist, n. Conch being, etc. reason of a sentence; judgment. — Con-
:

One versed in, etc. _ demnatory, -to-rT, a. Bearing condemnation.

Conciliate, kon-sil'T-at, r. t. To win over; to gain Condense, kon-clensl v t. [-densed (-densf), -dexs-
from a state of indifference or hostility. — ConciT- ing.] To make more close, compact, or dense; to
ia'tion, n. Act of, etc.; reconciliation. — Concil''- compress, consolidate, thicken. v. i. To become —
iator. -ter, n. —
Conciliatory, -to-rt, a. Tending to close: to grow thick or dense. CondenSate, -sat, —
conciliate; pacific. v. t. & i. Same as condense. CondensSr. n. One —
Concise, kon-sis /\ a. Expressing much in a few words-, who. or that which, etc.; esp. (Mack.) a vessel for
laconic; terse; succinct; condensed: brief and com- condensing vapor into a liquid form. See Steam
prehensive; —
used of style in reading or speaking. Engine. —
CondensSble. a. Capable of being, etc.
— Concisely, adv. —
Concise 'ness, n Concision, — — Condensa'tion, n. Act of, etc. CondenSative, —
-sizh'un.M. A cutting off; division; faction; circum- -tiv, a. Having power or tendency to, etc.
cision. Condescend, kcn-de-sendl v. i. To let one's self
Conclave, kon'klav, n. A private apartment, esp. down; to relinquish rank, or dignity of character;
that where the cardinals meet to electa pope; as- to recede willingly from one's rights to deign,
—
;

sembly to elect a pope; the body of cardinals; a pri- vouchsafe. Condescendingly, adv. —Condescen-
vate meeting. sion, -senShun, n. Act of, etc. complaisance ; ;

Conclude, kon-klud', v. t. To close, as an argument. courtesy; affability.

inferring; to bring to an end; to make a final |
Condign, "kon-dTn 7 Deserved: merited: suitable.
judgment or determination of; to infer, finish, end Condiment, konlll-ment, n. Something to give relish
— v. i. To come to an end, close; to form a final to food.
judgment. —
Conclusion, -zhun, n. Last part of Condisciple, kon-dis-sKpl, n. A fellow-disciple; school-
anything; decision; deduction from premises; an fellow.
experiment. (Laiv.) End of a pleading; an estoppel Condition, kon-dishlm, n. State or situation as re-
or bar by which one is held to a position which he gards external circumstances quality property
has taken. —
Conclusive, -siv, a. Pert, to a close; attribute; that which must exist as the occasion or
; ; ;

ending debate or question; final; decisive; defini- concomitant of something else; stipulation; article;
tive. — Conclusively, adv. —
Conclusiveness, n. terms, —v. i. [-ditioned (-dish'und), -tioxing.]
Concoet, kon-kokf, v. t. To digest: to mature, per- To make terms, stipulate. v. t. To contract, stip-
fect, ripen; to devise, plan, plot. ulate to impose conditions on.— Condi Sional, a.
:

Concomitant, kon-kom'I-tant, a. Accompanying, or Containing, implying, or depending on, etc. not

conjoined; concurrent; attending. n. One who is, — absolute. (Gram. & Logic.) Expressing a condition
;

etc.; an accompaniment. or supposition.

Concord, kon'kSrd, n. A state of agreement har- ; Condole, kon-doK, v. i. [-doled C-dold'), -doling.]
mony; union. (Gram.) Agreement of words with To express sorrow at the pain of another. [L. con
one another, in gender, number, person, or case. and dolere, to grieve.] CondoKer, n. Condole'- — —
(Mus.) A consonant chord; consonance; harmony. ment, -dolence, n. Expression of sympathy, etc.
— Concordance, -ans, n. Agreement; accordance; Condone, kon-don', v. t. [-doned (-dond'), -doxixg.]
a verbal index to a work, in which passages con- (Eccl. Law.) To pardon; to forgive for a violation
taining the same word are arranged alphabetical^, of the marriage vow.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, fcone, or
 CONDOR 77 CONFUSE
Condor, kon'dor, n. A large bird of the vulture fam A formulary stating articles of faith.— Confes'sional,
ily, found in the Andes; a n. The seat where a confessor sits to hear confessions.
gold coin of Chili and the — Confes'sionalism, -izm, n. The principle of mak-
IT. S. of Colombia, worth ing confession principle of formulating the beliefs
;

10 pesos, or more than $9. of a church into a confession of faith, and exacting
Ccndottiere, kon-dot-te-a'ra, acceptance thereof from its members. Confes - —
n.;pl. -EKi,-a're. In Italy, sionary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to auricular confession. —
the leader of a band of Confess'or,-er, n. One who acknowledges his sins or
mercenary soldiers, living obligations. (Eccl.) One who professes faith in the
by pillage; a brigand. Christian religion. A
priest who hears confessions.
Conduce, kon-dus', v. t. Confide, kon-fid', v. i. To put faith, believe, v. t. —
[-DUCED (-dust'), -DU- . —
To give in charge. Confidant', n. m., -fidante',
cixg.] To promote, answer, i ;
:'
n. /., -i'Y-dant'. A
confidential friend. [OF.] —
or further an end; to tend, / Con'fidence, -fT-dens, n. Act of confiding belief
—
;

contribute. Co n'd u c t ,
in the reality of a fact or integrity of a person ;

-dukt, n. Act or method of that in which faith is put feeling of security; self- :

leading, commanding, reliance assurance expectation hope courage.

; ; ; ;

etc. ; skillful guidance ; Con'fidence-man, n. One who appeals to another's

generalship that which ; confidence in order to swindle him ; a plausible
leads, guides, escorts, or Condo scoundrel. —
Con'fident, a. Having confidence ;

brings safely convoy ; ;

trustful self-reliant
; having an excess of assur-
;

guard; warrant; manner of guiding one's self be- ance; occasioning confidence.— Con 'fidently, adv.—
havior; deportment demeanor. Conduct', v. t. — ;

Confidential, -shal, a. Enjoying confidence; com-

To lead or guide, escort, attend; to lead as a com-
;

municated in confidence. Confiden'tially, adv. —

mander, direct, control: to manage, regulate, carrv. Configure, kon-ng'ur, v. t. [-figured (-urd), -urixg.]
— ?•. behave, act.
i. To
Conduet'ible, a.— Coh- — To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or
duct'ibil'ity, n.— Conduction, -duk'shun, n. {Phys- shape.— Config'ura'tion, ». Externalform. (Astrol.)
ics.) Transmission through, or by means of, a con- Relative position or aspect of the planets. [F.]
ductor. —
Conductive, -iv, a. Conducting. Con- — Confine, kon'lin, n. Common boundary border
—
;

ductivity, n. Quality or power of conducting or limit. Confine'', v. f. [-fixed (-find'), -fixixg.]

giving passage to molecular action. —Conductor, To restrain within limits to bound, immure, re- :

-er, n. One who conducts; a leader; guide: man- strict. —

v. i. To have a common boundary to
—
;

ager; one in charge of a railroad train. (P/u/sics.) border. Confme'ment, n. Restraint within limits
A substance, esp. a metallic rod, forming a medium imprisonment; detention by sickness, esp. by child-
for the transmission of some substance or fluid, birth.
esp. of heat or electricity. Conduct'ress, n. — A Confirm, kon-ferm', v. t. [-firmed (-fermd'), -firm-
woman who, etc. ixg.] To make firm, give strength to, render fixed
Conduit, kon'- or kun'dit, n. That which conducts or or certain; to render valid by formal assent. (Eccl.)
conveys; esp. a pipe, canal, etc. To administer confirmation to. Confirm'able, a. —
Cone, kon, n. A solid bodv, tapering to a point from — Confirma'tion, n. Act of confirming, or estab-
a circular base. (Bot.) The conical lishing; that which confirms, convincing testimony;
fruit of evergreen trees, as of the pine, ratification. (Eccl.) A
rite in Episcopal churches
fir, cedar, etc. Conic, kon'ik, -ical, — D3r which one baptized is admitted to the full privi-
a. Formed like, resembling, or pert, leges of the church. —
Confirm'ative, -tiv, a. Hav-
to, etc. —Conic section. (Geom.) A ing power to confirm. —
Confirm'atory, -to-rf, a.
curve line formed by the intersection Serving to confirm corroborative pert, to the rite
;

—
;

of a cone and plane, a parabola, hy- of confirmation.

perbola, or ellipse. Co'niform, a. — Confiscate, kon'fis-kat or kon-fis'kat, v. t. To appro-
Gone-shaped conical. Coniferous, ; — priate, as a penalty, to public use. a. Appropri- —
-nif'er-us, a. (Bot.) Bearing cones, Cone. ated, etc.
as pines, etc. —
Co'noid, -noid, r\. Anything cone- Conflagration, kon-fla-gra'shun, n. great fire. A
shaped. {Geom.) A solid formed by the revolution Conflict, kon'flikt, ??.. Violent collision a striving ;

of a conic section about its axis. Co'noid, -noid'- — to oppose or overcome the last struggle of life
; ;

al, a. Nearly, but not exactly, conical. pang agony.

; —
Conflict', ». i. To strike or dash
Confect, kon'fekt,». A sweetmeat: comfit. Confec- — together, meet in collision, struggle, strive, battle.
tion, n. A preparation of fruit, etc., with sugar act Confluence, kon'fiu-ens, n. The meeting or junction
of making confects. Confectioner, n. One who — ;

of streams place of meeting running together of :

makes or sells confections, candies, etc. Confec'- — people; crowd.

;

—
Con'fluent, a. Flowing together;
tionery, -er-T,?i. Sweetmeats in general; confections; running one into another meeting in a common ;

candies place for making or selling, etc.

: current or basin. (Bot.) United at the base. n.
Confederate, kon-fed'er-aC a. United in a league; A small stream flowing into a large one place of :

engaged in a confederacy, n. person or nation — A meeting of streams, etc. Con'flux, n. —

flowing A
engaged in a confederacy; an ally. ?. t. and i. To — together of currents; assemblage; concourse.
unite in a league. Confederacy, -a-sT, n. — A Conform, kon-i'6rm', v. t. [-formed (-fchmd'), -form-
league or covenant ; union between persons or ixg.] To shape in accordance with, make alike,
states persons, etc., united by a league. (Law.) bring into harmony or agreement with. v. i. To —
—
;

An unlawful combination conspiracy. Con- ; conduct in accordance, comply, yield, render obe-
federation, ». Act of confederating; league; com- dience. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) To be a conformist.—
pact for mutual support; parties to a league.— Conforma'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
Confed'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. agreement harmony structure of a body form
; ;

—
; ;

Confer, kon-fer', v. t. [-ferred (-ferd'), -ferrixg.] make. Conformist, n. One who complies with
To grant a permanent possession; to bestow, award. the worship of the church of England. — Conform'-
— v. t. To discourse or converse seriously to com- ity, -Y-tT, n. Correspondence in character, etc. ;

pare views. —
Conference, -ens, n. Act of convers-
;

congruitv. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) Compliance with the

ing; interchange of views meeting for consulta- ; usages of the established church.
tion interview.
; Confound, kon-fownd', v. t. To mingle and blend,
Confess, kon-fes', v. t. [-fessed (-fesf), -fessixg.] To so as to be indistinguishable to throw into confu- ;

acknowledge or admit, as a crime, fault, debt, etc. ;

sion : to abash, dismay, defeat, ruin, intermingle.
to own or recognize to admit as true, assent to. Confraternity, kon-fra-ter'nT-ti, n. A brotherhood.
—
;

(Eccl.) To declare (one's sins) to a priest, in order to Confrere, kox'frar, n. An associate.

receive absolution to hear such confession to dis- Confront, kon-f runt', v. t. To stand facing, or in front
close or reveal, as an effect its cause. v. i.
;

To — ;

of; to face; to stand in direct opposition to, oppose;

make confession. Confe3'sion, -fesh'un, n. Ac- — to set together for comparison, compare.
knowledgment admission of a debt, obligation, or ; Confuse, kon-fuz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'),-FusiXG.] To
crime. (Eccl.) Act of disclosing sins to a priest. jumble together, render indistinct or obscure, dis-
stin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 CONFUTE CONSCIENCE
order, abash, disconcert, perplex, distract. —Con- Conjugate, kon'ju-gat, v.t. (Gram.) To inflect, as
fusion, -fu'zhun, n. State of being mixed or blend- verbs. v. —
A word agreeing in derivation with an-
ed so as to produce indistinctness or error ; loss of other. —
er. United in pairs; yoked together. (Gram.)
self-possession ; shame overthrow ; defeat ; ruin.
; Agreeing in derivation with other words. Conju- —
Confute, kon-f uf, v. t. To put to silence to prove to ; gation, n. (Gram.) Act of inflecting, as a verb: a
be false or defective, disprove, set aside, oppugn. scheme exhibiting all the parts of a verb; a class of
Conge, koN'zha or kon'je, n. Act of taking leave ; verbs inflected in the same manner through their
parting ceremony a bow or courtesy. (Arch.)
; A various forms.
molding in form of a quarter round; a cavetto Conjunct, kon-junkf, a. United; conjoined; concur-
apophygee. See Molding. —
v. i. [congked (-zhad
;

rent. —Conjunction, n. Act of, or state of being,

or -jed), congeing.] To take leave with civilities; etc. (As/ton.) Meeting of two or more stars or
to bow or courtesj'. planets in the same degree of the zodiac. (Gram.)
Congeal, kon-jel', v. t. [congealed (-jeldO, -geal- A connective or connecting word.— Conjunc'tive,
ing.] To freeze, stiffen with cold, or from terror.— -tiv, a. Closely united; serving to unite. (Gram.)
v. i. To grow hard or stiff. Following or introduced by a conjunction; con-
Congener, kon'je-ner, n. A
thing of the same genus, tingent. —
Con junc 'tively, Conjunctly, adv.— Con-
or allied in kind. juncture, -junk'chur, n. Act of, or state of being,
Congenial, kon-jen'yal, a. Partaking of the same etc.; connection; combination; an occasion or crisis
feeling; kindred; sympathetic. Congen'ite, -jen'-— as the effect of the combination or concurrence of
Tt, -ital, a. Of the same birth; begotten together; circumstances. —
Conjunctiva, -tY-va, n. (Anat.)
dating from birth. The mucous membrane covering the eye-ball and
Conger, kon-'ger, Con'ger-eel, -el, n. A large species of inner surface_of the lids. [L.]
sea-eel. Conjure, kon-joor', v. t. [-jleed (-joordO, -JURing.]
Congeries, kon-je'rY-ez, n. sing, and pi. A collection To call on or summon solemnly, adjure. 00^01'- —
of particles into one mass a heap combination.
; ; er, n.— Conjure, kun'jer, v. t. To affect, produce,
Congest, kon-jest', v. t. To collect into a mass or ag- excite, etc., as if by magic, or by supernatural pow-
gregate. —
Congestion, -jes'ehun, n. (Med.) An un-
|

er to enchant, charm, bewitch. v.i. To practice —

—
;
j

natural accumulation of blood in any part of the magical arts. Con'jurer, n. One who conjures, or
body. —
Congest'ive, -iv, n. Indicating, or attend- practices magic or legerdemain. Conjura'tion, n. —
ed by, accumulation of blood. Earnest or solemn entreaty practice of magic arts ; ;

Conglomerate, kon-glom'er-at, a. Gathered together incantation.

in amass; collected. (Bot.) Closely clustered to- Connate, kon'nat or kon-naK, a. Born with another;
gether. (Geo!.) Composed of stones, pebbles, etc.; existing from birth. ( Bot.) United
—
cemented together. v. t. To gather into a round in origin; united into one body.
body. —
?;. Collection accumulation. (Geol.)
; A — Connas'cence, -sens, -cency, <

rock, composed of pebbles, cemented by mineral -sen-sY, n. The common birth off
substance. — /,
Congloni / era tion, n. A gathering two or more at the same time; £
into, etc.; accumulation. being produced with another ;

Congo, kon'go, Con'gou, -gob, n. A black tea, a su- act of growing together, or at the
perior quality of Bohea. same time.— Connas^cent, a. Pro-
Congratulate, kon-grat'u-lat, v. t. To wish jov to on duced at the same time. — Con- „
some happy event; to felicitate.— Congratulation, natural, kon-nach/er-ral, a. Connate Leaf.
n. Act of, etc. — Congrat'ulator, n. — Congratula- Connected by nature inborn; inherent participa- ; ;

tory, a. Expressive of, etc. ting of the same nature.

Congregate, kon/gre-g3t, v. t. To collect into an as- Connect, kon-nekf, v. t. To knit or fasten together
semblage. —
v. i. To come together assemble to establish association between. v. i. To become — ;

meet. —Congregation, n. Act of, etc.: collection

; ;

coherent, have close relation. — Connect 'edly, adv.

of separate things; assembly of persons, esp. a re- — Connection, -nek'shun, n. Act of, or state of
ligious assembly. —
Congrega/tional, a. Pert, to a being, etc. persons or things connected together
; :

congregation, to the system of Congregationalism, continuity junction dependence relationship.

; ; ;

or, esp., to that of the associated evangelical Trini- Connective, -iv, a. Having power to connect.—
tarian Congregational churches; independent.— Con- n. (Gram.) A word that connects other words or
gregationalism, -izm, n. A svstem of church gov- sentences a conjunction.
;

ernment which vests ecclesiastical power in each Connive, kon-niv', v. i. [-nived (-nivd r ), -niving.]
local church, as a self-governing body; independ- To close the eyes upon, wink at, forbear to see.—
ency. —Congrega'tionalist, n. Conniv'ance, n. Voluntary oversight; collusion.
Congress, kon'gres, n. A meeting of individuals; esp. Connoisseur, kon-is-ser / n. A critical judge or master
',

of two persons of opposite sexes for sexual inter- of any art, esp. of painting, music, and sculpture.
course; an assembly, as of deputies, envoys, or com- Connubial, kon-nu'bY-al, a. Pert, to marriage or the
missioners; the assembly of senators and representa- marriage state conjugal nuptial. ; ;

tives of a nation, esp. of a republic: convention; con- Conoid, etc. See under Cone.
vocation.— Congressional, -gresb/un-al, a. Pert, to, Conquer, kon/ker, v. t. [-quered (-kerd), -quering.]
etc.— Congres'sive. -siv, a. Encountering; coming To acquire by force to subdue, vanquish, sur-
together. — Congress-man, n. pi. -men. A member ; mount, master. Con'queror, -er, n. — Conquest,
;

—
of the U. S. Congress. kon'kwest, n. Act of, etc.; thing conquered. (Feu-
Congruence, kon'groo-ens, n. Suitableness of one dal Law.) Acquisition of property otherwise than
thing to another agreement. —
Congru'ity, -Y-tY, by inheritance.
—
;

Consanguineous, kon-san-gwin e-us, a. Of the same

,r
n. Quality of being, etc.; fitness; harmony. Con-
gruous, «. Having congruity; pertinent; appropri- blood related by birth. Consanguin'ity, -Y-tY, n. —
ate. —
Congruously, adv.
;

Relationship by birth.
Conic, Coniferous, etc. See under Cone. Conscience, kon'shens, n. The faculty which decides
Conium, ko'nY-irm j n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, on the lawfulness of our actions and affections;
poison hemlock. moral faculty moral sense determination of con-
; ;

Conjecture, kon-jek'chur, ». Formation of an opin- science truth justice honesty reasonableness.

ion on presumptive evidence; surmise. v. r. and i. — — ; ;

Conscienceless, a. Having no conscience. Con-

; ;

—
[-TTRED (-churd), -Turing.] To infer on slight evi- scientious, -shl-en'shus, a. Governed by strict re-
dence, surmise, suspect, guess. Conjec'turable, — gard to the dictates of conscience; scrupulous; just;
a. —Conjec'tural, a. Depending on, etc. Con- — upright. —
Conscientiously, adv. Conscientious- —
jec'turally, adv. ness, n. —
Con'scionafcle, -shun-a-bl, a. Governed
Conjoin. kon-join'', v. t. [-joined (-joind''), -joining.] by conscience just.— Con'scious, -shus, a. Pos-
—
;

To join together, associate, connect. v. i. To sessing the faculty of knowing one's thoughts or
unite, join, league. —
Conjoint'', a. United; asso- mental operations'; capable of perceiving sounds,
ciated. —
Conjoint'ly, adv. acts, or sensations made the object of conscious-
;

Conjugal, kon'ju-gal, -ju'gial, -jY-al, a. Belonging to ness: aware; apprised; sensible.— Con'sciousness, n.
the marriage state; matrimonial: connubial; nuptial. Knowledge of what passes in one's own mind; im-
5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 6r
 CONSCRIPT 79 CONSTRAIN
mediate knowledge of any object; state in which monious. — Consistent, a. Possessing
firmness or
one knows what is passing around one. fixedness having agreement with itself at different
;

Conscript, kon'skript, a. Enrolled; written; regis- times, or harmony among its parts; accordant; con-
tered. — n. One taken by lot. to serve as a soldier or gruous ; uniform.
sailor. — Conscript'', v. To enroll, by compulsion,
i. Console, kon-soK, v. t. [-soled (-sold''), -soling.] To
for military service. _ cheer in distress, comfort, soothe. Consoler, n.— —
Consecrate, kon'se-krat, v. t. To make, or declare to ConsolSble, a. —
Consola'tion, n. Act of comfort-
be sacred; to appropriate to sacred uses; to enroll ing or state of being comforted; that which com-
among the gods or saints, apotheosize, canonize; to forts.— Consolatory, -s5Ka-to-ri, a. Tending to com-
render venerable, dignifv. a. Consecrated; de-— fort; pert, to consolation.
voted; sacred.— Consecration, n. Act or ceremony Console, kon'sol, n. (Arch.) bracket; a projecting A
of consecrating dedication canonization apothe-
; ; ;
ornament on the keystone of an arch. (

To
'

osis.— Con'secrator, n. Consolidate, kon-sol'T-dat, v. t.

Consecution, kon-se-ku'shun, n. sequel train of A make solid, unite or press together
—
;

things that follow one another. Consec'utive, -u- into a compact mass; to unite, as va-
tiv, a.Following in a train uninterrupted in succes- rious particulars, into one bodj con-
r
;

sion following as a consequence or result. (Mus.) dense, compress. v. i. To grow — ,

Following in the same order. Consec'utively, — firm and hard, unite and become
adv. —
ConSequence, -se-kwens, n. That which solid. «. —
Consolidated.
flows out of, and follows, something on which it de- Consomme, kox-som-ma'', n. (Cook- Console.
pends. (Log-) A conclusion which results from rea- ery.) A
broth made very strong by boiling.
son or argument inference deduction connec-
; ; ;
Consonant, kon'so-nant, a. Having agreement? con-
tion of cause and effect. —
Consequent, a. Follow- gruous; consistent. (Mus.) Harmonizing togeth-
ing as a result or inference. (.Log.) Following by er accordant.
;
—
n. An articulation which is uttered
necessary inference, or rational deduction. n. — with a more open sound called a vowel; a letter rep-
That which follows, etc. (Log.) conclusion or A resenting such articulation. Coneonance, -nancy, —
inference. (Math.) The second term of a ratio. — n. (Mus.) A pleasing accord of sounds produced
Consequently, adv. —
Consequential, -kwen'shal, simultaneously. Agreement; unison; harmony.
a. Following, etc.; assuming an air of consequence; Consort, kon'sdrt, n. A companion or partner; esp. a
Sompous. —
Consequentially, adv. With just de- wife or husband spouse. Consort'', v. i. To unite
;
—
uction of consequences; logically; by -consequence; or keep company; associate.— v. t. To join, as in
in a regular series; with assumed importance. affection, company, etc.
Consensus, kon-sen'sus, n. Agreement accord. ;
— Conspectus, kon-spek'tus, n. general sketch or out- A
Consent', n. Agreement in opinion or sentiment; line of a subject; synopsis; epitome.— Gonspic'uous,
correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations; -u-us, a. Obvious to the eye; manifest; noted; illus-
voluntary accordance with what is done or proposed trious.
by another; accord; concurrence; free- will. v. i. — Conspire, kon-spir'', v. i. [-spired (-spird'), -spiring.]
To agree in opinion or sentiment; to yield to guid- To covenant for an evil purpose, plot together; to
ance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent, ac- concur to one end, agree, combine, league, —v. t.
cede, comply, permit, acquiesce. —Consent ' er, n.
1
To plot, concur in.— Conspiracy, -spTrS-sT, n. A
Conserve, kon-sSrv', v. t. [-served (-servd'), -serv- combination of persons for evil; concurrence to one
ing.] To save, preserve, protect; to prepare with event combination plot.
; Conspir'ator, -ter, n. ;
—
sugar, etc., for preservation, as fruits, etc. — n. Any- Constable, kun'sta-bl, n. high officer in medieval A
thing conserved, esp. a sweetmeat, of fruit, etc., monarchical establishments. (Law.) An officer of
prepared with sugar. —
ConserVable, a. Capable the peace, bound to execute warrants of judicial
of being, etc. —
ConservSnt, a. Preserving from officers.
destruction or decay. —
Conserv'ancy, -sT, Conser- Constant, kon'stant, a. Not liable to change; stead-
vation, n. Act of, etc. —
Conservative, -tiv, a. fast; permanent; perpetual; resolute; firm. (Math.
—
Preservative; disposed to maintain existing institu- & Physics.) Remaining unchanged or invariable.
tions. —
n. One who, or that which, preserves from n. That which is not subject to change. (Math.) A
ruin, injury, or radical change; one who desires to quantity whose value always remains the same in
maintain existing institutions and customs. Con- — the same expression. Constantly, adv. Con- — —
servStism, -tizm, n. Disposition or tendency to stancy, -si, n. Quality of being, etc.; freedom from
preserve what is established; opposition to change.— change; firmness of mind, esp. under sufferings, in
Conservatory, -to-rl, a. Having the quality of pre- attachments, or in enterprise stability ; resolution.
serving from loss, decay, or injury. n. A place for — Constellation, kon-stel-la'shun, n. group of fixed
;

A
preserving things, esp. a greenhouse for plants; that stars; assemblage of splendors or excellencies.
which preserves from injury; a public place of in- Consternation, kon-ster-naehun, n. Amazement or
struction in learning or art. terror that confounds the faculties; horror; amaze-
Consider, kon-sid'er, v. t. [-sidered (-sid'erd), -er- ment.
ING.] To think on with care, fix the mind on; to Constipate, kon r stT-pat, v. t. To stop, as a passage, by
have regard to, take into view or account; to esti- filling it, and preventing motion through it; to ren-
mate, think, view. v. i. —
To think seriously, ma- der costive. —
Constipa'tion, n. Act of crowding;
turely, or carefully, deliberate. Considerable, — state of being crowded condensation ; costiveness. ;

a. Possessing consequence; of some distinction; Constitute, kon'stT-tut, v. t. To cause to stand, es-

noteworthy; respectable; of importance or value; tablish, enact; to give formal existence to, compose,
moderately large. —
Consid'erableness, n. Some de- form ; to appoint, depute, or elect to an office or
gree of importance, etc. —
Considerably, adv. — employment. — ConStituter, n. — Constifuent, -u-
Considerate, a. Given to consideration or sober ent, a. Serving to form, etc. component element- ;

reflection; mindful of the rights, claims, and feel- al ; having power to elect or appoint. n. The per-
;

—
ings of others. —
Considerately, adv. Consider- — son or thing which establishes, etc. component
—
;

ateness, n. Consid'era'tion, n. Act of consider- part element one who assists to appoint or elect
;

—
;

ing; careful thought; deliberation; appreciative re- a representative to an office. Constitution, n. Act
gard claim to notice some degree of consequence;
; ; of constituting formation state of being natural
; ; ;

ground of opinion; influence. (Law.) The material condition; conformation; principles orfundamental
cause of a contract compensation; equivalent.
; laws which govern a state or other organized body
Consign, kon-sln', v. t. [-signed (-sind'), -signing.] of men an authoritative ordinance, regulation, or
To give, transfer, or deliver, formally; to commit, enactment.
;

—
Constitutional, a. Pert, to or inher-
intrust. (Com.) To give into the hands of an agent ent in the constitution; in accordance with, or au-
for superintendence, sale, etc. To assign, appro- thorized by, the constitution of a government or so-
priate. — Consignment, n. Act of, etc. (Com.) ciety regulated by, dependent on, or secured by,
Thing consigned; goods sent to a factor for sale; etc.
;

for the benefit of the constitution,

; n. Exer- —
the writing by which a thing is consigned. cise for the constitution, or health.
Consist, kon-sisf, v. i. To be in a fixed or permanent Constrain, kon-stran'', v. t. [-strained (-strand'),
state; to be, exist, subsist; to be consistent or har- -straining.] To secure by bonds, bring into a nar-

sttn, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CONSTRUCT 80 CONTRACT
row compass, hold back by force, urge with irresist- gen. in pi. That which is contained; power of con-
ible power, necessitate. Constrain'able. a. Con- — — taining capacity. —
Content'ed, a. Content; satis-
strain'edly, adv. —
Constraint, -strant', n. Act fied. —
;

Content'edly, adv. Content'edness, re. — —

of, or state of being, etc. thnt which constrains ; ; Content'ment, n. Satisfaction of mind acquies- ;

compulsion ; urgency. Constrict', v. t. To draw — cence that which affords satisfaction gratifica-
together into a narrow compass, contract. Con- — tion. —
;

Con'tinent, n. (Geog.) One of the large

;

stric'tion, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. Con- — bodies of land on the globe. The main land of Eu-
strictive, -iv, a. Serving to bind. Constrict'or, — rope, as disting. fr. the islands, esp. fr. England. —
-er,re. That which, etc.; esp. a serpent which sur- a. Restraining the indulgence of desires or pas-
rounds its prey with its folds and crushes it. Con- — sions, esp. as to sexual intercourse temperate ; ;

stringe, -strinj', v. t. [-stringed (-strinjd'), -strin- chaste.

ging.] To draw together, contract.— Constrin'gent, Contaminate, kon-tam'T-nat, v. t. To soil, stain, or
a. Having the quality of contracting. corrupt by defiling contact to pollute, defile, taint. ;

Construct, kon-strukt', r. t. To put together the — a. Having defilement; corrupt.

constituent parts of to devise and put in an or- ; Contemn, kon-tem', v. t. [-temned (-temd'), -TEM-
derly arrangement— Con'struct, a. Formed by, or ning (-tem'ning).] To consider and treat as un-
pert, to, construction, interpretation, or inference. worthy of regard to reject with disdain, despise,
— Constructor, n. —
Construction, n. Act of con-
;

scorn.— Contempt', re. Act of, or state of being,

structing: act of building, or of devising and form- etc. (Law.) Disobedience of the rules of a court
ing fabrication ; composition manner of putting
; ; of justice or legislative body. Contempt'ible, a. —
together the parts of anything. (Gram.) Syntac- Worthy of, etc. abject vile mean base pitiful. ; ;

—
; ;

tical arrangement. The method of construing or — Contempt'ibleness, re. Contempt 'ibly, adv.—
;

explaining a declaration or fact understanding ; Contempt'uous, -u-us, a. Manifesting, etc. scorn-

— —
; ;

interpretation; sense. Construct'iveness, n. Ten- ful; insolent; fastidious. Contemptuously, adv.

dency to, etc. (Phren.) The faculty which leads Contemplate, kon'tem-plat or -tem'plat, v. t. To
to the formation of parts into a whole. See Phre- look at on all sides, regard with care, meditate on,
nology.— Construe, -stroo', v. t. [-strued (-strood'), study to have in view, as contingent or probable,
-stkuing.] To exhibit the construction of, as of a
;

look forward to, ponder, plan, purpose. v. i. To —

sentence or clause to interpret, translate. ; think studiously, muse, meditate.— Contem'plative,
Consubstantial, kon-sub-stan'shal, a. Having the -tiv, a. Pert, oraddicted to, etc.; studious; thought-
same essence. —
Con'substan'tia'tion, n. Identity ful having the power of thought or meditation. —
—
;

of substance. (Theol.) The actual presence of the Contem'platively, adv. Contem'plativeness, n.

body of Christ with the bread and wine of the Contemporaneous, kon-tem'po-ra'ne-us, a. Living,
Lord's supper. acting, or transpiring at the same time contem- ;

Consul, kon'sul, n. One of the 2 chief magistrates porary. —

Contem'porary, -po-ra-rT, a. Living, act-
of the Roman republic, after the expulsion of the ing, or transpiring at the same time. n. One who —
kings one of the 3 supreme magistrates of France
; lives at the same time with another.
from 1799 to 1804 ; an officer appointed by a govern- Contempt, Contemptuous, etc. See under Contemn.
ment to protect the interests of its citizens abroad. Contend, kon-tend', v. i. To strive in opposition, or
Consult, kon-sult', v. i. To seek opinion or advice, in debate, engage in discussion, dispute. Conten'- —
take counsel, deliberate, v. t. To ask advice of — tion, re. A violent effort to obtain or resist; strife in
to deliberate upon. Consult'er, re. Consulta'-— — debate struggle; quarrel; feud; competition; dis-
;

tion, n. Act of consulting or deliberating a meet- ; cord. —

Conten'tious, -shus, a. Apt to contend; in-
ing, esp. of lawyers or of doctors, to consult. volving contention quarrelsome litigious perverse
; ; ;

Consume, kon-sum', v. t. [-sumed (-sumd'), -sum- peevish.

ing.J To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, Content, Contentment, etc. See under Contain.
waste, or fire to swallow up, absorb, dissipate.
;
— Conterminate, kon-ter'mi-nat, -minal, -minous, -nus,
v. i. waste away slowly.— Consumable, a.— Con-
To a. Having the same bounds or boundaries; contigu-
sumption, «. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Med.) ous.
A gradual decay or diminution of the body esp. a ; Contest, kon-test', v. t. To make a subject of dispute;
disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic to strive earnestly to maintain; to dispute, contro-
fever, cough, etc. —
Consumptive, -tiv, a. Having vert, oppose. (Law.) To resist, as a claim, by course
the quality of consuming destructive affected ; ; of law. —
v. i. To engage in dispute, strife, etc. to ;

with, or inclined to, consumption. emulate.— Con'test, re. Earnest dispute; strife; com-
Consummate, kon'sum-mat or -sum'mat, v. t. To bat; battle; debate; difference; strife. Contest'- —
bring to completion, raise to the highest point or able, a. —
Contest'ant, re. One who, etc.
degree, perfect, achieve.— Consum'mate, a. Carried Context, kon'tekst, n. The parts of a discourse which
to the utmost extent complete perfect. — Con- ; ; precede or follow a particular passage.
sum'' mately, adv. —
Consumma'tion, re. Act of, etc. Contiguous, Contingent, etc. See under Contact.
completion close perfection.
; ; Continent. See under Contain.
Contact, kon'takt, n. A close union of bodies a ; Continue, kon-tin'u, v. i. [-tinued (-tin'ud), -tinu-
touching or meeting.— Contagion, -ta'jun, re. Trans- ing.J To remain in a given place or condition; to
mission of disease from one person to another, by be permanent or durable, steadfast or constant; to
contact; a medium or agency to transmit disease; endure, last, persevere, persist, stay. v. t. To pro- —
pestilential influence act or means of propagating ; long, persist in. —
Contin'uer, n Contin'uous, -u- —
influence or effect. —
Conta'gious, -jus, a. (Med.) us, a. Without break, cessation, or interruption;
Communicable by contact or approach infectious; ; constantly prolonged extended. Contin'ual, a.
; —
catching. Containing or generating contagion pes- Proceeding without interruption very frequent;
tilential communicable from one to another.
;
— often repeated; of frequent recurrence; perpetual;
;

Contiguous, -u-us, o. In contact adjoining. ;

— incessant. —
Contin'ually, adv. Contin'ua'tion, n. —
Contiguously, adv. —
Contig'uousness, -tigu'ity, re. Act of continuing, or the state of being continued
State of being, etc. —
Contingent, -jent, a. Liable, that which extends, increases, supplements, etc. —
but not certain to occur dependent on what is un- ; Contin'uative, -tiv, n. (Rhet.) statement express- A
known incidental casual. (Law.) Dependent
; ; ing permanence or duration. (Gram.) connect- A
for effect on something that may or may not occur. ive; conjunction.
— re. A contingency what falls to one in an ap- ; Contort, kon-t6rt', v. t. To twist together, writhe. —
portionment quota proportion. _ Contor'tion, re. A twisting; partial dislocation of a
;

Contain, kon-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.]

;

limb. —
Contor'tive, -tiv, a. Expressing contortion.
To hold within fixed limits, comprehend, comprise; Contour, kon-toor', re. Bounding line; outline; periph-
to be able to hold, inclose, v. i. To live incon- — ery.
tinence or chastity. —
Content', a. Having the de- Contraband, kon'tra-band, a. Prohibited by law or
sires limited by present enjoyment satisfied at ; treaty; forbidden, — re. Prohibited merchandise or
—
;

rest. v. i. To satisfy the mind of, appease, please, traffic.

gratify. re. —
Satisfaction moderate happiness Contract, kon-trakt', v. t. To draw together or nearer,
that which contents. Content or Content', re., — ; ;

reduce to less compass; to bring on, be liable to; to

am, fame, far, pass oi- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, Or
 CONTRADICT 81 CONVEY
make a bargain for; to betroth, affiance. (Gram.) troverter, -vertist, -ver'sialist, -ver'shal-ist, n. One
To unite into one long vowel or diphthong, — said who, etc. a disputant polemic Controvertible,—
of concurrent vowels. — v. i. To be drawn together
; ;

a. Capable of being, etc.— Controvert'ibly, adv.

or reduced in compass; to make an agreement, cov- — Controversial, -shal, a. Pert, to, etc.; disputa-
enant, bargain. —
Con' tract, n. An agreement be- tious. —
Controversially, adv.
tween parties, imposing obligations and conferring Contumacy, kon'tu-ma-sl, re. Persistent obstinacy ;

rights upon each; covenant; compact; stipulation; stubborn perverseness. (Law.) Willful contempt
obligation; a formal writing containing such agree- of, and disobedience to, lawful summons or rules of
ment. ( Gram.) A
word in which concurrent vow- court. —
Contumacious, -ma'shus, a. Exhibiting
els are contracted. —
Contraction, re. Act of, or contumacy; contemning authority.
state of being, etc. (Math.) Process of shortening Contumely, kon'tu-me-lT, re. Rudeness compounded
any operation. Anything in a state of abbreviation. of haughtiness and contempt; reproach.— Contume'-
Gram.) The shortening of a word, by uniting con- lious, -Ii-us, a. Overbearingly contemptuous; inso-
(
current vowels or omitting a vowel or syllable.— lent; reproachful. —
Contume'liously, adv.
Contractor, -er, n. One who, etc.; esp. one who Contuse, kon-tuz', v. t. [-tused (-tuzd'), -tusixg.]
contracts to perform work upon specified terms. To beat, pound, or bray together to bruise by beat- ;

Contradict, kon-tra-dikt', v. t. To assert the contrary ing.— Contu'sion, -zhun, re. Act of, or state of being,
of, deny; to be contrary to, oppose. —
Contradict '- etc.
er, n.— Contradiction, n. An assertion of the con- Conundrum, ko-nun'drum, re. sort of riddle in A
trary to what has been said; opposition or repug- which some odd resemblance between unlike things
nancy; incongruity; contrariety. —
Contradic'tious, is proposed for discovery a puzzling question, ;

-shus, a. Filled with contradictions; inclined to con- whose answer involves a pun.
tradict. —
Contradict'ive, -iv, a. Contradictory.— Convalesce, kon-va-les', v. i. [-leSced (-lest'), -les-
Contradict'ory, a. Affirming the contrary; imply- Cing.] To recover health and strength after sick-
ing denial; inconsistent; repugnant. (Logic.) Op- ness. —
Convalescence, -sens, -cency, re. Recovery,
posed in every possible respect, n. —
proposition A etc.; state of a body renewing its vigor after sick-
which denies or opposes another in all its terms; ness. —
Convalescent, a. Recovering, etc. —re. One
contrariety; inconsistency. —
Contradictorily adv. recovering, etc.
, Convales'cently, adv. —
Contradistinguish, kon-tra-dis-tin'gwish, v. t. [-tin- Convene, kon-ven', v. i. [-vexed (-vend'), -vexing.]
guished (-gwisht), -guishing.] To distinguish by To come together, meet in the same place, assemble,
contrast. —
Con'tradistinc'tion, re. unite. v. i. —
To cause to assemble, call together,
Contralto, kon-tral'to, n. (3Ius.) The part sung by convoke to summon judicially to meet or appear.
— —
;

the highest male or lowest female voices alto or Conven'able, a.

; Conven'er, re. Convenient, —
counter-tenor; the voice or singer performing this -yent, a. Adapted to an end; fit; becoming; afford-
part.— a. Pert, to, etc. ing convenience commodious. Conveniently, ; —
Contrary, kon'tra-ri, a. Opposite; different; contra- adv. —
Conven'ience, -yens, -iency, n. State of be-
dictory; given to opposition; perverse; wayward. ing, or that which is, convenient an accommoda-
(Logic.) Opposed in quality only. n. —
thing of A
tion.— Con 'vent, re. community of recluses de- A
;

opposite qualities; a proposition contrary to another. voted to a religious life a body of monks or nuns; ;

Contrast, kon-trast', v. t. To set in opposition, in a house occupied by such a community abbey

order to show superiority or give effect. v. i. To —
monastery; nunnery.— Conven'tion, re. Act of com-
; ;

stand in opposition; exhibit contrast.— Con'trast, re. ing together; arbitrary custom; usage; an assembly
Opposition of things or qualities; comparison by of delegates for a deliberative purpose; an informal
contrariety of qualities. or preliminary compact, as between belligerents, etc.
Contratenor, kon'tra-ten-er, re. (3fus.) A middle part —
Conven'tional, a. Formed by agreement; stipu-
between tenor and treble; counter-tenor; contralto. lated growing out of, or depending on, custom;
;

Contravene, kon-tra-ven', v. t. [-vexed (-vend'), sanctioned by usage.

-vexing.] To meet in the way of opposition, come Converge, kon-verj', v. i. [-verged (-verjd'), -ver-
in conflict with, contradict, obstruct, oppose. Ccn- —
GiXG.j To tend to one point, incline and approach
traven'tion, -ven'shun, re. Act of, etc. nearer together.
Contretemps, kox-tr-toN', re. An unexpected acci- Converse, re. and a. See under Coxvert.
dent, creating confusion; mishap. Converse, kon-vers', v. i. [-versed (-versf), -vers-
Contribute, kon-trib'ut, v. t. To give to a common ix g.] To keep company, or have familiarity to
stock or for a common purpose. v. i. —
To give a commune; to talk familiarly, chat. Con'versant, — ;

part, lend assistance. —

Contrib'utor, -ter, n.— Con- a. Having customary intercourse familiar by use
trib'utable, a.— Contribution, re. Act of, etc. thing or study; versed; having concern or relation.
; Con-
;

—
contributed. (3Jil.) Imposition levied on a con- versation, re. Familiar intercourse; close acquain-
quered people. (Lavj.) Payment, by several jointly tance informal talk discourse colloquy confer-
; : ; ;

liable, of their shares of a loss by one of the num- ence.— Conversa'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.; colloquial.
ber, or payment by him for all, with reference to Convert, kon-vert', v. t. To change from one form,
their common liability. substance, religion, party, use, etc., to another to ;

Contrite, kon'trit, a. Broken down with grief or pen- turn, transmute, appropriate.— v. i. To be turned
itence; repentant; humble; sorrowful.— Contri'tion, or changed; to undergo a change, be transmuted.
-trish'un, re. State of being contrite; deep sorrow Con'vert, re. One converted from one opinion or
for sin; compunction; self-reproach; remorse. practice to another esp. one who turns from sin to ;

Contrive, kon-triv', v.t. [-TKivEDGtrivd'X-TRivixG.] holiness; proselyte; neophyte; pervert.— Convert'-

To form by exercise of ingenuity, devise, invent, er, re. —
Con 'verse, -vers, n. (Logic.) A proposition
plan, plot. —
i'. i. To make devices, plan.— Con- produced by interchanging the terms of another.
triv'er, re —
Contriv'able, a.— Contriv'ance, re. Act (Math.) A
change in the form of a proposition, in-
of, etc. thing contrived an act of cunning; scheme verting its order and making the conclusion the
;

invention; project; artifice; shift.

;

premise. —a. Turned about; reciprocal. Con '- —

Control, kon-trot', re. Orig., a register kept to check versely, adv. Conver'sion, re. Act of changing —
another register that which serves to check, re-
; from one condition to another transmutation ;

strain, or hinder; power to check; restraining influ- change from one side, party, etc., to another. (Law.)
ence; direction; superintendence. —v. i. [-tkolled An appropriation of property. (Logic.) Act of inter-
(-trold'), -trolling.] To restrain, govern, over- changing the terms of a proposition. (Math.) A
power, counteract. [Formerly written comptrol and change of the form of a proposition. (Mil.) change A
controul.] —
Controller, re. _ One who, .etc. Con- —
of front. (Theol.) radical change of heart or moral A
troller, Comptroller, kon-trol'er, re. An officer ap- character.
pointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to Convex, kon'veks, a. Rising or swelling into a
control or verify* the accounts of other officers. rounded form. re. convex body. SeeLEXS. — A
Controversy, kon'tro-ver-sT, re. Maintenance of opin- Convey, kon-va', v. t. [-veyed (-vad'), -veyixg.] To
ions discordant with those of others; dispute; de- carry from one place to another to transfer to an- ;

bate; hostility. —
Con'trovert, v. t. To make matter other, make over; to communicate. Convey'able, —
of controversy; to contest; to debate, deny. Con'- a. — —
Convey'ance, re. Act of conveying; transmis-
sfin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get,
6
 CONVICT 82 CORD
don; transference; instrument or means of convey- Coot, koot, n. A
short-tailed water-fowl, frequenting
ing. {Law.) A written instrument by which prop-
j

lakes and still waters; a stupid fellow; simpleton.

erty or title is conveyed from one to another.— Con- I
Copal, ko'pal, n. A
resinous substance from 2 East
vey' ancer, n. (Law.) One who draws up convey- India and S. Amer. trees —
used in manufacture of
ances 01 property. — Convey'ancing, n. (Law.) Act
i

I varnishes.
or practice of, etc.— Convoy', v. t. {-voted (-void'), I
Copartner, ko-pavt'ner, n. A
joint partner; associate;
-voying.j To accompany lor protection.— Con' voy, !
partaker.— Copartnership, n. Joint interest or con-
n. Act of, etc. a protecting force accompanying
; cern; an unincorporated business association.
ships or property; the ship or fleet protected; prop-
I

! Cope, kop, ». A
covering for the head; anything ex-
erty' convoyed; a drag or brake upon wheels of a I tended over the head, as the vault of the sky; a
vehicle when going down hill. sacerdotal cloak. (Founding.) The top part of a
Convict, kon-vikt', v. t. To prove guilty of an of- flask.
fense charged to pronounce guilty, as by legal
; Cope, kop, v. i. [coped (kopt), coping.] To strive,
decision; to show by proof; to confute, confound. contend, esp. on equal terms or with success; to
— Con'vict, n. One proved guilty of crime male- ; match, equal. v. t. —
To match one's self against.
factor felon criminal.
; ;
—
Convic'tion, n. Act of Coperaican, ko-per'nl-kan, a. Pert, to Copernicus,
proving, finding, or adjudging guilty; act of con- a Prussian astronomer who taujrht the solar system
vincing of error confutation state of being con-
: ; now received.
vinced, esp. of being convicted of sin, or by one's Copier. See under Copy.
conscience. —
Convict'ive, -iv, a. Fitted to, etc. Copious, ko'pl-us, a. Large in quantity or amount;
Convince', v. t. [-vixced (-vinsf), -yincixg.] To abundant; rich; full: exuberant.
overcome by argument, satisfy by proof, persuade, Copper, kop'per, n. A metal of reddish color, ductile,
convict. malleable, and tenacious; a coin, also a vessel, esp.
Convivial, kon-viv'1-al, a. Relating to an entertain- a boiler, made of copper, —
v. t. [coppered (-pgrd),
ment; festal; jovial: social; gay. Conviv'ial'ity, u. — -Peking.] To cover or sheathe with copper. Cop'- —
Good humor attending festive occasions. peras, n. Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol; a green
Convoke, kon-vok', [-yoked (-vokt'p, -yoking.]
r. t. salt, of a styptic, astringent taste.
To call together, convene. — Convoca'tion, n. Act Coppice, kop' pis, Copse, kops, n. wood of small A
of, etc.; assembly or meeting. growth; underwood; brushwood. Copse, v. t. To—
Convolve, kon-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volv- trim or cut, as brushwood.
ing.] To roll together, twist. Con'volute, -liit, a. — Copt, kopt, n. A
descendant of the ancient Egyptians;
(Bot.) Rolled together, or one part on another. — an Egyptian Christian, esp. of the ancient Mono-
Convolu'tion, n. Act of rolling or winding together, physite church. —
Cop'tic, a. Pert, to, etc. n. The —
or one thing on another: state of being, etc. language of, etc.
Convoy. See under Convey. Copula, kop'u-ia, n. (Logic.) The word uniting the
Convulse, kon-vuls', v.t. [-vuLSED(-vulst'), -yllsing.] subject and predicate oi a proposition. Cop'ulate, —
To draw or contract violently and irregularly, as the -lat, v. t. To unite in sexual embrace. Copula'- —
muscular parts of the body; to agitate", rend'.— Con- tion, n. Act of coupling; coition.— Cop'ulative, -tiv,
vul'sion, -shun, n. (Med'.) Unnatural contraction a. Serving to couDle. (Gram.) Uniting the sense as
of the muscular parts. Any violent and irregular well as the words. n. —
( Gram.) A
copulative con-
motion; commotion; disturbance: spasm. Con- — junction. —Cop'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to, etc.;
vul'sive, -siv, a. Producing, or attended with, etc. copulative.
Cony, ko'iil or kun'T, n. _A rabbit. Copy, kop't, n. A writing like another writing; trans-
Coo, koo, v. i. [cooed (kood), cooing.] To make a script; book printed according to the original; one
low sound, as pigeons. of a series of repetitions of an original work. ( Print.)
Cook, k<3ok, v. t. [cooked (kot>kt), cooking.] To Manuscript, etc., for the compositor. Anything to
prepare, as food for the table, by boiling, roasting, be imitated a model
; pattern. v. t.
;
—
[copied
baking, broiling, etc.; to concoct, tamper" with, alter. (kop'id), copying.] To write, print, engrave, etc.,
— v. t. To prepare food for the table.— ?*. One after an original: to imitate, transcribe, model after.
who, etc.— Cook'ery, -er-T. n. Art or practice of, etc. — v. i. To do a thing in imitation of something else.
Cooky, kot>k'l, n. A small, thin, sweet cake. — Cop'yright, -rit, n. An author's exclusive right
Cool, kool, a. Moderately cold producing coolness ; ; to print, publish, and vend his own works, f or nis
calm, or free from excitement by passion dispas- ; own benefit, during a certain time. v. t. To secure —
sionate; self-possessed: manifesting coldness or dis- by copyright, as a book.
like; chilling negligent of propriety in minor mat-
;
Coquette, ko-ket', n. A vain, trifling woman, who en-
ters; impudent, —ji. A moderate state of cold. — deavors to attract admiration, and gain matrimonial
v.t. [cooled (koold), cooling.] To make cool or offers, intending to reject her suitor. Coquet', v. —
cold to moderate the excitement of ; to allay, as t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration, or
;

passion; to calm, moderate. r. z. To become less — love, with a view to disappoint. v. i. To trifle in —
not; lose heat: to become more moderate. Cool'- — love. —
Coquet'ry, -rT, n. Affectation of amoroua
er, n. That which cools or abates heat or excite- advances; triflin"; in love. —
Coquet'tish, a. Prac-
ment; a vessel in which liquors, etc., are cooled. — ticing coquetry; befitting a coquette.
Cool'ish, a. Somewhat cool. Cool'ly, adv. In a — Coral, kor'al, n. The solid secretion of zoophytes,
' cool manner. —Cool'ness, n. produced within the tissues of the polyps, consist-
Cooly, -lie, koo'lT, n. An East Indian porter; a la- ing almost purely of carbonate of lime; a piece of
borer transported from the East, for service else- coral; spawn of the lobster, which has the color of
where^ coral
Coop, koop, 71. A
barrel or cask; a grated box or in- Corban, kor'ban, n. An alms-basket. (Jewish Antiq.)
closure for_small animals, esp. poultrv. ?•. r. — An offering or sacrifice devoted to God; vow by
[cooped (koont). cooping.] To confine in a coop, whicli one bound himself not to give to, or receive
orin a narrow compass; to crowd, confine, imprison. from another, some particular object.
— Cooper, krT6p- or koop'er, n. One who makes bar- Corbeil, Corbel, kdr'bel, n. (Arch.) A bracket of stone,
rels, tubs, etc. —
;;. t. To do cooper's work upon. wood, or iron, often carved in
Cooperate, ko-op'Sr-at, v. To act or operate jointly
?'.
the form of a basket, head, etc.,
with another. —
Cobp'era'tion, n. Act of, etc.; con- projecting f roma wall to support
current effort or labor. —
Coip'erative, -tiv, a. Op- a cornice, parapet, end of an
erating jointly. —
Coop'erator, -ter, n. arch, or other structure or mass;
Coordinate, ko-6r'dT-nat, a. Equal in rank or order the vase ortambor of the Corin-
not subordinate. —
v. t. To make coordinate, or
;

thian column. —
Cor'bel, v. t.
equal in rank, to harmonize, —
n. A person or thing To furnish with corbels. Corbel.
of the same rank with another, pi. (Math.) Lines, Cord, k6rd, n. A
string, or small rope; a solid meas-
or other elements of reference, by which the posi- ure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile 8 ft. long, 4
tion of a point is denned with respect to fixed lines, ft. high, and 4 ft. broad, —
orig. measured with a
or planes, called coordinate axes and coordinate cord. —
v. t. To bind with a cord; to pile up, as
planes. wood, for sale by the cord. —
Cordeliere, -lyar', n.

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, §ve, tSrm ; In, Ice s Odd, tone, 6r \
 CORDATE 83 CORRESPOND
A black, knotted silk handkerchief. [F.] Cordon, — part of a flower, surrounding the organs of
kor'doN or kor'don, n. A ribbon borne as a badge fructification and composed o f leaves,
of honor. (Arch.) The edge of a stone on the out- called petals. —
Corollary, -la-rT n. That , t

side of a building. (Fort.) The projecting coping which follows over and above a proposi-
of the scarp-wall. (Mil.) A series of military posts. tion demonstrated an inference; deduc- ;

[F.J —
Corduroy, k6r du-roi, n. A thick cotton stuff,
/,
tion; consequence.
corded or ribbed on the surface. Corona, ko-ro ? na, n. ; pi. -xm, -ne. (Arch.)
Cordate, k6r'dat, -dated, a. (Hot.) Having the form A large, flat member of a cornice. (Anat.)
of a heart. —
Cordial, kSi-'di-al or kor'jal, a. Pro- The upper surface, as of a tooth. (Astron.)
ceeding from the heart; hearty; sincere; affection- A luminous appearance surrounding the .

ate; tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate.— n. moon during a total eclipse of the sun. £i ^
Anything that comforts and exhilarates. (Med.) (Bot.) A crown-like margin of the top of p n „„n„
That which invigorates, esp. medicine which does a flower ; an appendage at the top of ^ oroLla -

so. (Com.) Aromatized spirit, employed as a bever- some petals or seeds. (Meteorol.) A circle,
age. —
Cordiality, n. Sincere affection and kind- around a luminous body. — Coronation, "' }}fp') l

eT a ea
n. Act or solemnitv of crowning a sov- P
.i :

ness; warmth of regard; heartiness.

-

Cordovan, kQr'do-van, n. Spanish leather, or goat- ereign.— Cor'oner,"?;. An officer of the ^'.A ^ 1

skin tanned and dressed; cord wain. Cordwamer, — law appointed to inquire into a violent P elaiea -

kSrd'wan-er, n. A worker in cordovan leather; death. — Cor'onet, n. An inferior crown worn by

shoemaker. noblemen; an ornamental headdress.
Core, kor, n. The heart or inner part of a thing, esp. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's
of fruit. (Founding.) The internal mold which hoof. —
Coro'nis, n. ( Gr. Gram.) A
forms a hollow in casting, v. t. [coked (kord), — sign of contraction ['] placed over a
coring.] To take out the core or inward parts of. word.
Coriander, ko-rT-an'der, n. plant whose seeds are A Corporal, kSr'po-ral, n. (Mil.) The low-
considered in medicine as stomachic and carmina- est officer of an infantry company.
tive. (Naut.) An officer under the master Coronet.
Corinthian, ko-rin'tht-an, a. Pert, to Corinth. (Arch.) at arms.
Pert, to the Corinthian order of architecture, pro- Corporal, k6r'po-ral, a. Pert, to the body having a ;

fusely ornamented. See Capital. body or substance; not spiritual; material; bodily.
Cork, kSrk, n. The outer bark of the cork tree, of — n. (Eccl.) A linen cloth, to cover the elements
which stoppers are made; a stopper for a bottle, jug, in the eucharist. Cor'porally, adv. —Cor'porate, —
etc. — v. t. [corked (korkt), corking.] To stop or a. United in an association, and endowed bylaw
furnish with cork. with rights and liabilities of an individual in-
—
;

Cormorant, k6r r mo-rant, corporated pert, to a corporation.

; Cor'porately,
n. Avoracious web- adv. In a corporate capacit}'. Corporation, n. —
footed sea-bird, of the A body politic or corporate, authorized to act as a
pelican family; a glut- single person, and with the capacity of a perpetual
ton, or gluttonous ser- succession.— Corporator, n. A member of a cor-
vant. poration. — Corpo'real, a. Having a body consist- ;

Corn, korn, n. single A ing of a material body; material. Corps, kor, pi. —
seed of certain plants, korz, n. sing. & pi. A body of men, esp. of troops
as wheat, rye, barley, 35gc an organized division of an army. Corps-d'arnv5e, — ;

and maize; a grain; the kor / dar / ma, /', n. A portion of a grand army possessed
various cereal or fari- of all constituents of an independent army. [F.,
naceous grains growing .^-p^W. body of the army.] —
Corpse, k6rps, Corse, k6rs, n.
m ears, and used for "Ow&-w.w =*. The dead body of a human being. Corselet, n. — A
food in Scot., oats; in
; Cormorant, light breastplate. (Entom.) The part of a winged
the U. S., maize, or In- insect answering to the breast of other animals. \F.]
dian corn plants which produce corn
; a small,
—
; — Cor'set, n. An article of
—
women's dress, inclos-
—
hard particle; a grain. v. t. [corned (k6rnd), ing the waist ; stays. v. t. To inclose in, etc.
corning. J To preserve with salt in grains, cure by Corpulent, a. Having an excessive quantity of
salting to form into small grains, granulate
; to ; flesh; fat; pursy; obese.— Corpuscle, kSr'pus-l, n.
feed with grain to render intoxicated.
; A minute particle, or physical atom. (Anat.) An
Corn, k&rn, n. A hard, horn-like induration of the animal cell.
skin, esp. on the toes. Corral, kor'ral, n. A
yard or inclosure, esp. for cat-
Cornea, kor'ne-a, n. (Anat.) The strong, horny, tle, etc. —
Corral', v. t. To surround and inclose ;
transparent membrane forming the front part of to pen, as cattle.
the eye ball. See Eye. Correct, kor-rekK, a. Conformable to truth, recti-
Cornelian, kor-nel'yan, n. A kind of chalcedony. tude, propriety, etc.; free from error accurate ; ex- ;

[Often spelled carnelian.] act regular.

; v. t. —
To make or set right to bring ;

Corner, kor'ner, n. The point where converging lines to the standard of truth, justice, etc. to reprove or ;

meet angle space between converging lines or

; ; punish for faults; to obviate or remove, counteract
walls which meet; an inclosed or retired place a ; or change, rectify, punish, chasten. Correctness, —
part an embarrassed position. (Stock Exchange.)
; n. —Correction, n. Act of correcting ; emenda-
The condition of a stock or commodity when a tion cf errors; change for the better; amendment;
future delivery, in excess of the amount in the punishment; discipline; what is substituted in the
market, has been undertaken by parties who are place of what is wrong; counteraction of what is in-
therefore compelled to settle with the buyers at ficti- convenient. — Corrigendum, -rt-jen'
r
dum, n. ; pi.
tious rates; a scarcity of a commodity, created for the -genua, -da. A
word or thing to be corrected.
purpose of increasing profits. v. t. [cornered — Corrigible, -rT-jY-bl, a. Capable of being, etc.; de-
(-nerd), -nering.] To drive into a corner, or into a serving chastisement. Cor'rigibleness, n. —
position of difficulty or necessary surrender to ; Correlate, kor-re-laf, ;'. i. To have reciprocal or mu-
get control of, —
said of stocks. tual relations; to be mutually related. v. t. To —
Cornet, k6r'net, n. (Mus.) A
wind instrument blown bring into mutual relation to make, or regard as,
with the mouth a species of trumpet a certain
; ; coincident. —
Correlative, -tiv, a. Having or in-
;

organ stop or register. A

cap of twisted paper, used dicating, etc.; reciprocal. n. One who, or that
by grocers. (Mil.) The standard-bearer a cavalry m which, stands in a reciprocal relation to some other.
troop. (Gram.) The antecedent of a pronoun.
Cornice, kSr'nis, n. (Arch.) molded projection A Correspond, kor-re-spond', v. i. To be adapted, be
finishing the part to which it is affixed. congruous to have intercourse or communication,
—
;

Cornucopia, k&r-nu-ko'pf-a, n. ; pi. -fi^, -pY-e. The esp. by letters to agree, fit, write.
; Correspond'-
horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and flowers, ent, a. Having correspondence suitable con-
—
; ;

an emblem of abundance. formable. — n. One who corresponds ; one with

Corol, kor'ol, Corolla, ko-rol'la, n. (Bot.) The inner whom intercourse is carried on by letters. — Corre-
eun, cube, full ; moon, io~ot j cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, ehair, get.
 CORRIDOR 84 COUNT
spond'ently, -ingly, adv. In a corresponding man- Costive/kos'tiv, a. Retaining fecal matter in the bow-
ner; suitable. —
Correspondence, -ency, n. Mutual els; constipated.
adaptation of one thing to another congruity fit- ; ; Costume, kos-tum r or koslum, n. An established
ness ;friendly intercourse esp. by letters letters ; ; manner or st3r le, esp. of dress; adaptation of acces-
between correspondents. sories, as in a picture, poem, etc., to the circum-
Corridor, kor'rl-dor, n. {Arch.) A passage-wa}^ to stances described.
apartments independent of each other. Cot, kot, Cote, kot, n. A
small house; cottage; hut;
Corrigendum, Corrigible, etc. See under Correct. also, a shed or inclosure for beasts; a cover for a
Corroborate, kor-rob'o-rat, v. t. To make more cer- sore finger. —
Cot, Cott, kot, n. sleeping place of A
tain, confirm. —
Corrob'ora'tion, n. Act of, or state small size; a little bed; cradle; folding bedstead.
of being, etc. confirmation. Corrob'orative, -tiv,— — Cottage, -tej, n. A
small dwelling ; cot; hut.
a. Corroborating
;

confirmatory. n. corrobo- — A Cotlager, Cot'ter, n. One who lives in a cottage.

—
;

rant. Corrob'' oratory, -to-rT, a. Corroborative. Co-tangent. See under Co-secant.

Corrode, kor-rod', v. t. To eat away or consume by de- Cotemporaneous, etc. See Contemporaneous.
grees; to canker, gnaw, rust, wear away. Corro' — Coterie, ko-te-re /', n. A
set of persons who meet fainil-
sive, -siv, a. Eating away having the power of ; iarly a club
;

A
|

gradually wearin^ consuming, or impairing acri- '

Cotillon, Cotitillion, ko-tiKyun, n. dance of 8 per-
—
;

monious fretting or vexing.

; n. That which, etc. sons; quadrille; tune regulating the dance.
Corrugate, korloo-gat, v. t. To form or shape into Cotton, kot'tn, n. The fibrous down enveloping the
wrinkles or folds. a. —
Shaped into wrinkles; fur- seeds of the cotton-plant: thread or cloth maue of
rowed contracted.
;
—
Corruga'tion, n. contrac- A cotton. —
a. Made of, etc. v. i —
To rise with a
tion into wrinkles. —
Corlugant, a. Able to, etc. regular nap. —Cotton flannel. twilled cotton iab- A
Corrupt, kor-rupf, v. t. To change from soundness ric, with along plush nap Canton flannel. Cot-
; —
to putrescence; to putrefy; to change from good to ton'y, -T, a. Downy soft, like cotton contain-
—
; ;

bad, vitiate, debase, entice, bribe. v. i. To be- ing, or like, cotton ; cheap looking. Cof ton-gin, —
come putrid or tainted, rot; to become vitiated, lose -jin, n. A
machine to separate the seeds from cot-
purity. a.— Changed, etc.; spoiled; tainted; de- ton. plant, n. A
plant of several *^»
raved perverted. — Corruptible, a. Capable of species, growing in warm climates, and *§S>
E eing, etc.
;

— n. That which may decay and perish; bearing the

cotton of commerce. —
the human body. — Corruptlbleness, -ibillty, n. The
seed of, etc.,— yielding
Susceptibility of corruption. — Corruptibly, adv.—
Corrup'tion.n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; prod-
I
-seed, n.
oil and oil-cake. —
waste, n. The ref-
use of cotton factories. wood, n.
uct of corruption; putrid matter; putrescence; de- (Bot.) An American tree of the pop-
filement; contamination. {Law.) Taint or impurity
of blood, by which one is disabled from inheriting
lar kind.
state.
—
v/ool, n. Cotton in its raw

or transmitting any estate. Cotyledon, kot-T-le'don, n. (Bot.) A

Corse, Corselet, etc. See under Corporal; seed-lobe of a plant, which involves
Corsair, kdr'sar, n. A pirate; piratical vessel. and nourishes the embryo plant, and p. ff „_ „i „ t
Cotton-plant
Cortege, kor'tazh', n. A train of attendants. then perishes.
Corundum, ko-run'dum, n. (31in.) The earth alumina, Couch, kowch, v t [couched (kowcht), couching.]
as found in a crystalline
crvstalline state,
state. To lay down or deposit; to compose to rest; to put
Coruscate, kor'us-kat or ko-rus r kat, v. i. To throw n language, phrase, state. v.i. To lie down, as—
off vivid flashes of light; to glitter, gleam, sparkle. on a bed, repose; to lie down for concealment, hide;
Corvet,k6r'vet, Corvette, kor-vet', n. (Xaut.) A sloop to bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.
of war, ranking below a frigate, and carrying not — n. A place for rest or sleep a layer of barley pre- ;

more than 20 guns. pared for malting. (Tainting, Gilding, etc.) A pre-
Corypheus, kor'Y-fe'us, n. The chief or leader of a liminarv layer, as of color, size, etc.
Greek dramatic chorus; any chief or leader. Cougar, koo'gar, n. (Zobl.) A species of panther found
Co-secant, ko-se'kant, n. ( Geom.) F in southern N. Amer. the puma or S. Amer. lion.
;

The secant of the complement Cough, kawf, n. A violent effort of the lungs to throw
of an arc or angle. In the fig- ^-
q
/o —P~\ off irritating matter. — v. i. [coughed (kawft),
ure, AD is the secant of the coughing.] To expel air from the throat or lungs
arc CE, and the co-secant of with force or noise. — v. t. To expel from the lungs
the complement of that arc, or by a cough, eject by a cough, expectorate.
BE. — Co'sine, -sin, n. The Could, kd6d, imp. of can. See Can.
sine of the complement of an Coulter. Same as Colter.
arc or angle. In the figure, BF Co-secant, Co-tan- Council, kown'sil, n. An assembly for consultation
is the sine of the arcCF, and gent. or advice: congress; diet; convention; convocation.
the co-sine of EF, the comple- — Coun'cil-man, »..; pi. -men. member of a coun- A
—
ment of that arc. Co-tan'gent, n. The tangent of cil, esp. of the common council of a city. Couns- —
the complement of an arc or angle In the figure, ellor, -er, n. A
member of a council.
CD is the tangent of the aic CE, E Counsel, kown'sel, n. Mutual advisement, instruc-
and the co-tangent of EB, the tion, or interchange of opinions; exercise of delib-
complement of that arc.
Cosmetic, koz-metlk, -ical, a. Im-
proving beauty, esp. of the com- -
plexion. —
Cosmetic, n. An ex-
:m erate judgment; result of consultation; deliberate
purpose; one who gives advice, esp. in legal matters;
collectively, the legal advocates united in the man-
—
agement of a case. v. t. [counseled (-seld), -sel-
Coun- —
ternal application, to improve the Co-sine. ing.] To advise, admonish, or instruct.
complexion. selor, -er, n. One who, etc.; an adviser; one who is
Cosmos, koz'mos, The universe;
the system of law,
n. consulted and gives advice on questions of law; a
harmony, and truth combined within 'the universe. barrister. — Coun'selorship, n.
— Cosmopolitan, -mop'olite, -lit, n. One who has Count, kownt, v. t. To number, enumerate, reckon,
no fixed residence, but is at home in every place; a compute; to consider as belonging to one, esteem,
citizen of the world; one who regards the interests ascribe, —v. i. To number or be counted; hence,
of mankind rather than of his own class or coun- to swell the number, add strength or influence; to
try; a liberal. depend, rely. (Law.) To plead orally. n. Act of —
Cost, kost, n. Amount paid for anything; charge; ex- numbering, or amount ascertained by numbering;
pense; whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., reckoning. (Law.) A
statement of a plaintiff's case
is requisite to secure benefit; loss of any kind; det- in court. (Crim. Law.) One of several charges in
riment; suffering, pi. (Law.) Expenses in litiga- an indictment. —
Counter, kown'tSr, n. One who
tion.— v.t. [cost, costing.] To require to be given, counts, or keeps an account that which indicates a ;

expended, or laid out for to require to be borne, number a piece of coin-shaped metal, wood, etc.,
;

—
;

cause to be suffered. Costly, -IT, a. Of great cost; used in reckoning a table on which money is
;

expensive sumptuous. Costliness, n. — counted, and goods laid for examination by pur-
;

Costal, koslal, a. Pert, to the side of the body or ribs. chasers. —

Count'er-jump'er, n. A salesman in a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone, or
 COUNT 85 COURT
shop. — Countable, a. — Count'less, a. Innumer- revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a
able. — Count'ing-house, -room, n. Place for keep- former state of things.
ing accounts, etc., and transacting business. Countersign, kown'ter-sin, v. t. To sign in addition
Count, kownt, n. A
nobleman in Europe, equal in and opposite to the signature of a principal, to at- —
rank to an English earl. —
Countless, n. The con- test the authenticity of a writing. n. The signa- —
sort of an earl or count. —
Coun'ty, -ti, n. Orig. an ture of a secretary, etc., to attest authenticity. (Mil.)
earldom; a territorial division of a state, forpurposes A private signal "or phrase, which must be given to
of administration, justice, etc. a shire. ; pass a sentry. —
Coun'ter-sig'nal, n. correspond- A
Countenance, kown'te-nans, n. Appearance or ex- ing signal.
pression of the face; aspect; mien; the face; fea- Countersink, kown'ter-sink, v. t. To form, as a de-
tures encouraging aspect
; favor ; aid. v. t. ;
— pression, to receive the "head of a screw or bolt be-
[-nanced (-nanst), -nancing.] To encourage by a low the surface; to cause to sink, as a screw or bolt,
favoring aspect to sanction, approve, support.
; even with or below the surface, n. depression — A
Counter. See under Count, v. t. for receiving the head of a screw; a tool for forming
Counter, kown'ter, a. Contrary; opposite. adv. — such depression.
Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction. Countervail, kown-ter-vaK, v. t. [-vailed (-valdO,
[This word is prefixed to many others, chiefly verbs -vailing.] To act against with equal force, power,
and nouns, expressing opposition.']— n. (Mint.) An or effect; to balance, compensate.— Coun'tervail,
arched space in the stern of a vessel. (Mus.) Coun- n. Equal weight, strength, or value; compensation;
ter-tenor. (Feu-.) That part of a horse between the requital.
shoulders and under the neck. The back-leather or Countervallation, kown'ter-val-la'shun, n. (Fort.) A
heel part of a boot heel stiffening of a shoe.
; chain of redoubts around a fortress, to prevent sor-
Counteract, kown-ter-akf, v. t. To act in opposition ties by the garrison; construction of such works.
to, hinder, defeat, frustrate. —
Counterac'tion, n. Countess. See under Count, n.
Action in opposition; resistance. — Counteractive, Counting-house, Countless, etc. See under Count, v. t.
-iv, a. Tending to, etc. Country, kun'tri, n. A
region; region of one's birth,
Counterbalance, kown-ter-bal'ans, v. t. [-balanced residence, or citizenship rural regions, as opp^-to
;

(-anst), -ancing.] To oppose with an equal weight, town; inhabitants of a region. (Law.) jury, as A
act against with equal power or effect, countervail. representing the citizens of a country; one's con-
— n. Equal opposing weight: equivalent. stituents, or the public. —
a. Pert, to the territory
Counter-brace, kown'ter-bras, n. (Naut.) The brace away from a city; rural; rustic; destitute of refine-
of the foretopsail on the leeward side of a vessel. ;
—
ment rude. Coun'trified, -tri-fid, a. Having the
Counter-extension, kown'ter-ex-ten'shun, n. (Surg.) appearance and manners of, etc. uncouth. ;

Fixation of the upper portion of a limb while ex- County. _See under Count, n.
tension is practiced on the lower portion, as in cases Coupe, koo-pa'', n. A
compartment in a French dili-
of fracture or luxation. gence', or in a railroad carriage a four-wheeled ;

Counterfeit, kown'ter-fit, v. t. To put on a sem- close carriage for two persons.

blance of, esp. for a bad purpose; to imitate without Couple, kup'l, n. Two things of the same kind con-
right, and to deceive or defraud: to forge. v. i. — nected or taken together; a betrothed or married
—
To dissemble, feign. a. Having resemblance to; pair; brace. v. t. —
[coupled (kup'ld), coupling.]
fabricated to defraud by passing the false copy for To link or connect together, join; to unite as male
genuine; false, spurious, hypocritical. n. 'That — —
and female, marry. v. i. To come together as
which, etc.; a likeness; counterpart; one who per- male and female, form a sexual union, embrace.
sonates another an impostor cheat.
; Coupler, n. —
Coup'let, ??. Two lines of verse that
—
;

Counter-indication, kown'ter-in'di-ka'shun, n. (Med.) rhyme with each other. Coupling, n. Act of

Any symptom which forbids the use of a particular bringing or coming together connection sexual
; ;

remedy in disease. union. (Mach.) That which couples one thing

Counter-irritate, kown'ter-ir'n-tat, v. t. (Med.) To with another, as a hook, chain, etc.
produce counter-irritation in. —
Coun'ter-ir'ntant, Coupon, koo'pon or -poN, n. ( Com.) An interest cer-
n. That which, etc. —
Coun'ter-irrita'tion, n. Ir- tificate attached to a transferable bond, to be cut
ritation excited in one part of the body to relieve ir- off for payment when interest is due.
ritation in another part. Courage, kur'ej, n. The quality enabling one to en-
Counter-jumper. See under Count, v. t. counter danger without fear bravery daring
—
; ; ;

Countermand, kown-ter-mand', v. t. To revoke, as a resolution. Coura'geous, -a'jus, a. Possessing, or

former command. —
Countermand, n. Revocation characterized by, etc.; bold; hardy; enterprising.
of a former command. Coura'geously. adv.
Counter-mark, kown'ter-mark, n. An additional mark Courant, koo-ranf, -ran'to, n. A
piece of music in
on goods, to afford security or proof. (Far.) An triple time a lively dance a newspaper.
; ; Cou'- —
artificial cavity made in the teeth of horses when rier, -rY-er, n. A messenger sent in haste, usually
the crown is worn smooth, to disguise their age. — on public business an express an attendant on
; ;

Counter mar k', v. t. To apply, etc. travelers, who makes arrangements for them on
Counter-mine, kown'ter-min, n. (Mil.) gallery A the way. [F.J —
Course, kors, n. Act of moving
under ground, from which to destroy the mines of from one point to another; path traversed; motion
the enemy; means of counteraction. Counter- — considered with reference to its direction; line of
mine', v. t. (Mil.) To oppose by a counter-mine. progress ; progress from point to point without
To frustrate by secret and opposing measures, —v. change of direction; also, one of a succession of
i. To make a counter-mine or counter-plot. motions in different directions considered as one
Counterpane, kown'ter-pan, -point, n. coverlet for A act; orderly progress; methodical action; conduct;
a bed. behavior; a succession of practices connectedly fol-
Counterpart, kown'ter-part, n. A part corresponding lowed; part of a meal served atone time. (Arch.)
to another part; copy; duplicate; a thing that may A continued level range of brick or stones through-
be applied to another so as to fit perfectly, as a seal out the face of a building, pi. The menstrual flux.
to its impression; hence a person or thing having (Naut.) The principal sails of a ship. See Sails.
qualities lacking in another; an opposite. (Mus!) — v. t. [coursed (k5rst), coursing.] To run, hunt,
The part arranged in connection with another. or chase after, pursue; to run through or over; to
Counterpoint, kown'ter-point, n. A cover for a bed. cause to run. v. i. —
To run, as if in a race or in
[See Counterpane.] —
{Mus.) The art of composing hunting. —
Cours'er, n. One who, etc.; esp. a swift
music in parts, the setting of a harmony of one or horse.
more parts to a melody. Court, kort, n. An inclosed space; yard or area; resi-
Counterpoise, kown-ter-poiz', v. t. To act against with dence of a sovereign, nobleman, etc.; palace; per-
equal weight, counterbalance. Coun'terpoise, n.— sons composing the retinue of a sovereign, etc.; as-
A weight sufficient to balance another; equal power sembling of the retinue of a sovereign; attention to
acting in opposition; relation of two such forces; one in power; conduct designed to gain favor; po-
equilibrium; equiponderance. liteness; civility. (Law.) A legal tribunal, includ-
Counter-revolution, kown'ter-rev-o-lu'shun, n. A ing judges, jury, lawyers, sheriffs, etc.; the judge in

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 COUSIN 86 CRAKE
a case, as (listing, fr. the counsel. The session of a timorous pusillanimous mean base. adv. In : —
judicial assembly; any jurisdiction, civil, military,
;

the manner of, etc. Cowardliness, n. — ;

or ecclesiastical. —
v. t. To seek the favor of, strive Cower, kow'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -erixg.] To sink
to please, pay court to; to seek in marriage, woo; to by bending the knees; to crouch, esp. through fear.
solicit. —Courteous, kert'yus, a. Of court-like or Cowl, kowl, n. A
monk's hood or habit; a cap for
elegant manners; pert, to, or expressive of, courtesy; chimney-tops. A vessel for water, carried on a pole,
well-bred; polite; complaisant, —
Courteously, adv. '

or cowl-staff, between two persons.

— Court'eousness, n. —
Courtesy, kerfe-sT, n, Ele- Cowry, kow'rT, n. A small shell, used for money in
gance of manners; act of civility or respect; urban- Africa and the East Indies.
lty; affability; good-breeding; favor or indulgence, Coxcomb, koks'kom, n. A strip of red cloth notched
as disting. fr. right. —
Courtesy, kert'sT, n. ges- A like the comb of a cock, on the cap of a licensed
ture of respect or civility by women. v. i. [courte- — j

fool; the cap itself: a vain superficial pretender to

accomplishments; a fop. (Bot.) A plant producing
!

SiED (-sid), -syixg.] To"bow the body slightly, with |

bending of the knees, as an expression of civility or red flowers like a cock's comb.— Cox'combry, -kom-
respect. —
Courtier, kort'yer, n. One who frequents
!

ri, n. The manners of, etc.

courts; one who courts favor. —
Courtly, a. Pert, Coxswain. See Cockswaix, under Cockboat.
to a court; court-like; high-bred; dignified and ele- Coy, koi, a. Shrinking from approach or familiarity;
gant; disposed to favor the great; fawning: obsequi- shy; modest; bashful.
—
!

ous; sycophantic. Court'liness, n. High-breeding: Coyote, koi-of, n. The prairie wolf.

elegance of manners. — Court'ship, n. Act of solic- Coz, kuz, n. A
contr. of cousin.
iting favor by complaisance or flattery; act of woo- Cozen, kuz'n, v. t. [cozened (kuz'nd), -exixg.] To
ing in love. —
Courtesan, kerfe-zan, n. Orig. a fol- cheat, beguile, deceive.
lower of the court a prostitute harlot strumpet.
; ; ; Cozy, Cosey, ko'zl, a. [cozier, coziest.] Snug; com-
Cousin, kuz'n, n. One collaterally related more re- fortable; easy.— n. A
woolen covering to retain
motely than brother or sister; a title given by a king heat in a tea-pot. Co'zily, adv. —
to a nobleman, esp. to one of the council. Cousin1 — Crab, krab, n. (Zobl.) A
crustaceous animal, having
ger'man, -jer'man, n. ; pi. Cousixs-germax. first A the body covered by a crust-
cousin; cousin in the first generation. Cous'inly, — like shell orcarapax; it has
a. Like or becoming a cousin. ten legs, the front pair of
Cove, kov, n. A
small inlet, creek, or bay; recess in which terminate in claws.
the sea-shore; a strip of prairie extending into wood- (Bot.) A
wild apple; the tree
land; recess in a mountain side a boy or man. ; v. — producing it, — named from
t. {Arch.) To arch over. its astringent taste. (Jlech.)
Covenant, kuv'e-nant, n. A
mutual agreement in A crane for moving heavy
writing and under seal contract; stipulation; a
;
weights, esp. ships. Crab'- CraD. —
apple, n. A small, sour kind of apple.
writing containing terms of agreement. (Theol.)
The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures,
conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as
The tree bearing, etc. louse, n.
infesting the human body.
tree,
—
kind of louse
—
A
n.

Crab'bed, a. Harsh;
obedience, repentance, faith, etc. (Laic.) form A rough peevish
; morose difficult
; perplexing ;

of action for violation of a contract. v. i. To enter — cramped or scrawled, said of handwriting. — ; ;

into a formal agreement, bind one's self by con- Crack, krak, v. t. [cracked (krakt), crackixg.] To
tract, agree, bargain, stipulate. v. t. To grant or break without entire separation of the parts; to fis-
promise by covenant. sure; to rend with grief or pain, distress, disorder,
Cover, kuv'er. v. t. [covered (-erd), -erixg.] To derange; to cause to sound abruptly and sharply; to
overspread or envelop; to brood or sit on; to hide snap; to utter smartly and sententiously; to cry up,
from sight, conceal: to place under shelter, protect, extol. —
v. i. To be fractured without quite sepa-
defend; to extend over, be sufficient for, compre- rating; to go to pieces, be ruined or impaired; to
hend or include, account for or solve, counterbal- utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. n. A partial —
ance; to copulate with,— said of the male; to keep separation of parts, etc.; a chink; crevice; a sound
under aim, or aim at point-blank. n. Anything — as of anything suddenly rent; craziness of intellect.
—
laid, set. or spread over another; an envelope; lid"; a. Of superior excellence.— Crack '-brained,
thing which veils or conceals; screen; disguise; con- -brand, a. Impaired in intellect. Crack'er, n. One —
dition of concealment, shelter, or defense. (Hunt- who, or that which, cracks; a small firework, ex-
ing.) Woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter game. ploding with a sharp noise; a kind of hard biscuit-
A table-cloth and furniture; esp. table furniture for Crackle, krak'l, v. i. To make slight cracks, or
one person at a meal. Cov'erer. n. — Cov'erlet, — small, abrupt, snapping noises, frequently repeated.
—
n. The uppermost cover of a bed. Cov'ert, a. — Crack'le, Crack'lin, n. kind of china, having A
Covered over: hid; sheltered. (Law.) Undercover, the glaze or enamel apparently cracked in all direc-
authority, or protection, as a married woman. n — tions. —
Crack'ling, n. Small, abrupt cracks or re-
A place which covers and protects; shelter: defense: ports; rind of roasted pork.
feathers covering the bases of birds' quills. [OF.] Cradle, kra'dl. n. A
rocking bed for infants place
— Cov'erture, -er-chur, n. Covering; shelter; de- in which anything is nurtured or protected during
;

fense. (Law.) Condition of a woman during mar- immaturity;* infancy. (Agric.) light framework A
riage, —
i. e., under the cover or protection of her added to a scythe, to receive grain as cut, and lay it
husband. in swaths. (Engraving.) An instrument for pre-
Covet, kuv'et, v. t. To wish for eagerly, inordinately, paring plates for mezzotints. (Ship-building.) A
or unlawfully: to long for. hanker after, lust after. framework of timbers to support a vessel when out
— Cov'etable, a. —
Cov'eter, n. —
Cov'etiveness, -iv- of water. (Surg.) A
case for a broken bone. v. t. —
nes, n. (Phren.) Excessive desire of accumulating [cradled (kra'dld), cradlixg.] To lay, or rock in
property acquisitiveness.
; See Phrenology. — a cradle; to nurse in infancy; to cut and lay with a
Cov'etdus, -us, a. Very desirous; excessively eager; cradle, as grain, —v. i. To'lie or lodge, as in a cra-
avaricious: penurious; miserly. Cov'etously, adv.— dle. (Mining.) A
machine rocked by the hand for
- Cov'etousness, n. washing out auriferous earth.
Covey, kuv'T, n. An old bird with her brood of Craft, kraft, n. Dexterity in manual employment;
young; a small flock of birds; a company; set. the employment itself a trade cunning, art, or
; ;

Cow, kow, n. ; pi. Cows old pi. Kixe". The female skill; artifice guile. (Xaut.) Vessels of any kind.
;

— Craft'y, -i, a.
;

Skillful at deceiving cunning

Cow, kow, v. t. [cowed (kowd), cowixg.] To depress sly shrewd.
: —
Craft'ily, adv. Craft'iness, n. —
;

—;

with fear, sink the spirits or courage. Crafts'man, n. ; pi. -mex. One skilled in a manual
Coward, kow'ard, n. One who lacks courage; a timid occupation an mechanic.
artificer ;

—
;

or pusillanimous man; craven; poltroon; dastard. Crag, krag, n. A steep, rugged, broken rock. (Geol.)
j

a. Destitute of courage; timid; base; pert, to a cow-

j

!
A partiallv compacted bed of gravel mixed with
ard proceeding from, or expressive of, cowardice. shells, o_f the tertiary age.
— ;

Cow'ardice, -is, n. Want of courage. Cow'- — 1 Crake, krak, n. (Orniih.) A species of rail frequenting
ardly, -li, a. Wanting courage; befitting a coward; I corn, etc., whose cry is a grating croak.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r;
 CRAM 87 CREED
Cram, kram, v. t. [crammed (kramd), cramming.] ask with earnestness and humility; to long for, beg,
To stuff, crowd, fill to superfluity ; to fill with food beseech, implore.
beyond satiety ; to qualify for examination by Craven, kra'vn, n. in battle aOne vanquished
hasty preparation. — v. i. To eat greedily, stuff ; to weak-hearted fellow; coward; dastard. —a. Cow-
;

make a hasty review of studies. ardly with meanness; spiritless.

Cramp, kramp, n. A restriction or restraint an iron Craw, kraw, n. The crop or stomach of fowls.
;

instrument to hold together timbers, stones, etc. a Craw-fish. Cray-fish, kraw'-, kra'fish, n. (Zo'61.) A ;

piece of wood on which the upper leather of a crustaceous fresh-water animal, resembling the lob-
boot is stretched. (Med.) A spasmodic contraction ster, but smaller.
of a muscle. v. t. —
[cramped (krampt), cramp- Crawl, krawl, v. i. [crawled (krawld), crawling.]
ing.] To hold tightly pressed together, restrain To move slowty, as a worm or on the hands and ;

from free action to form on a cramp, as boot legs

; ; knees, as a human being to creep to advance ; ;

to afflict with cramp. slowly and feebly to have a sensation as if insects

—
;

Cran, kran, n. A measure by which fresh herrings are were creeping about the body. n. Act or motion
sold, holding about S"A gallons. of crawling.
Cranberry, kran , ber-rT,~n. red, sour berry, used A Crayon, kra'un, ?i. A piece of chalk, or other soft sub-
for making sauce, etc. stance, for drawing; drawing made with pencil or
Cranch. See Craunch. crayon.— v. t. [crayoned (-und), -oning.] To
Crane, kran, n. (Ornith.) A wading bird, having sketch, _as with, etc.
long bill, legs, and neck. A Craze, kraz, v. I. [crazed (krazd), crazing.] Orig. to
machine for moving heavy break into pieces, crush to confuse, impair to de-
—
; ;

weights an arm turning on a

; range the intellect of, render insane. n. State of
vertical axis, supporting
for craziness; insanity; a strong habitual desire or pas-
kettles, etc., over a fire a si- ; sion. (Pottery.) A defect in the glaze of earthen-
phon, or bent pipe, for drawing ware, causing it to crack. Cra'zy, -zT, a. Broken; —
liquors out of a cask. (Xaut.) ., decrepit; disordered in intellect; deranged.— Cra'-
A piece of wood or iron with ^ zy bone. The end of the elbow, a blow upon which
two arms, used, in pairs, to stow benumbs the arm.
spare spars in. —
v. t. [craned'-* Creak, krek, v. i. [creaked (krekt), creaking.] To
(krand), craning.] To cause make a sharp, harsh, grating sound, as by friction
to rise by a crane.
to raise, as if ;f hard substances. v. t. —
To produce a creaking
— v. i.
;

To
stretch the neck in sound with. n. —
The sound produced.
order to observe something to ; Cream, ki em, n. The unctuous substance forming a
Crane. scum on the surface ofmilk; the best part of a thing.
balk at a dangerous leap, etc.,
show timidity. —
Crane's-bill. n. (Bot.) The gera- — v.t. [creamed (kremd), creaming.] To skim
nium, which has an appendage of the seed-vessel re- or take off by skimming, as cream to take off the
—
;

sembling the beak of a crane. best part of. v. i. To become covered with cream,
(Surg.) Long-beaked pincers. or thick like cream to assume the appearance of ;

— Cran'age, n. Eight of using cream.

a crane in loading 1 price paid Crease, kres. n._ A
mark made by folding. v. t. —
for the use. [creased (krest), creasing.] To make a crease in.
Cranium, kra'nT-um, n.; pi. Creasote. See Creosote.
->-ia, -a. (Anat.) The skull of Create, kre-af, v. t. To bring into being, cause to
an animal: brain-pan. Cra /
'-
— exist, originate ; to be the occasion of, produce to
—
;

nial, a. Pert, to, etc.— Crani- make. Crea'tion, n. Act of, etc. esp., of bringing :
^rane. the world into existence constitution formation ;
Ol'ogy, -jT, n. Science of the ; :

structure of the skull, and its relation to the facul- thing created, as the universe.— Crea'tionism, -izm,
ties of the mind; phrenology. [Gr. logos, discourse.] n. Doctrine that the soul is immediately created by
— Craniol'ogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc. ; a God, —opp. to traducianism. Crea'tor, -ter, n. —
phrenologist. One who, esp. the Supreme Being. — Crea'-
etc. ;

Crank, krank, ?i. (Ifach.) bent axis, serving as a A tive, -tiv, a. Having power to create, or creating.—
handle to communicate circular motion, or to Crea'tiveness, ?*.— Creature, kre'chur, n. Thing
change circular into reciprocating motion, or the created; esp. a being created with life: animal; man;
reverse. A
bend, turn, or winding a conceit con- ; one who owes his fortune to another a servile de- ;

sisting in a change of tire form or meaning of a pendent.

word a fit of temper a whim, absurd notion one ; ; Creche, kresh, n. An asylum for very young children
—
;

full of cranks, or deranged. a. (Xaut.) Liable to during their mothers' working hours".
careen or be overset, as a ship. Full of spirit; brisk. Creed, kred, n. A
summary of what is believed esp. ;

Cranny, kran'nT, n. small, narrow opening A fis- ; of Christian belief. —

Cre'dence, -dens, n. Reliance
sure crevice chink a secret, retired place hole. of the mind trust: belief; credit or confidence.
— ; ;

v. i. To make crannies; to haunt or enter by

: ; ;

Cre'dent, a. Believing ; giving credit. Creden- —

crannies. —
Cran'nied, -nid, a. Full of, etc. tial, -shal, a. Giving a title to credit. —«. That
Crape, krap, n. A
thin, transparent stuff, made of which, etc. pi- testimonials or certificates showing
;

raw silk gummed and twisted, used for mourning that one is entitled to credit, or has authority or
garments. —
Crap'y, -T, a. Resembling crape. official powers. —
Credible, or. Capable of being
Crash, krash, v. t. [crashed (krasht), crashing.] believed: worthy of belief Cred'ibleness, -ibil /- —
—
.

To break to pieces violently.— v. i. To make a loud, ity, n. —Cred'ibiy, adv. Cred'it. n. Reliance on
clattering sound, as of many things breaking at the truth of something said or done: belief faith ;

—
;

once. n. Mingled sound * of things breaking. reputation derived from the confidence of others; es-
Coarse linen cloth. teem ; reputation authority derived from character
;

Crass, kras, a. Gross; dense; coarse. Crass'itude, — or reputation influence derived from the confi-
—
;

-t-tud, n. Grossness; thickness. Crass'ament, n. dence or favor of others; interest. (Com.) Trust
Thick part of a fluid, esp. of blood; a clot. given or received expectation of future payment
:

Cratch, krach, n. A
manger or open frame for hay; mercantile reputation. (Book-keeping.) The side
a crib.— Cratch-cradle. Form of the cratch, made of an account on which are entered values received;
upon the fingers with string; cat's-cradle. items entered on such side of an account, v. t. To —
Crate, krat, n. A
hamper of wicker-work, for crock- confide in the truth of put trust in, believe ; to ;

ery. enter upon the credit side of an account, set to the

Crater, kra'ter, n. The aperture or mouth of a vol- credit of —
Cred'itable, a. Deserving or possess-
—
.

cano. —
Crater 'iform, a. Cup-shaped. ing, etc. reputable estimable. Cred'itableness,
— —
; ;

Craunch, Cranch, kriinch, v. t. rcKAUNCHED(krancht), n. Cred'itably, adv. Creditor, -er, n. One who
craunching.] To crush with the teeth, chew nois- gives Ciedit in business matters one to whom ;

ily, crunch. —
money is due. Cred'ulous, -u-lus, a. Apt to be-
Cravat, kra-vaf, n. neck-cloth. A lieve on slight evidence easily convinced or im- ;

—
Crave, krav, v. t. [craved (kravd), craving.] To posed upon; unsuspecting. Cred'ulously, adv. —
sin, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxboN, chair, get.
 CREEK 88 CROOK
Cred'ulousnes's, Credu'iity, -lY-ti, n. Readiness to Cried, Crier. See under Cry.
believe without sufficient evidence. Crime, krim, n. A violation of law, divine or human;
Creek, krek, n. A
small inlet, bay, or cove a small esp. a gross offense; sin: vice. Crim'inal, krTm'- —
river or brook ; any turn or winding.
;

i-nal, a. Guilt}' of, involving, or pert, to crime. —

Creel, krej, n. A
wicker basket, for carrying fish. n. One guilty of, etc. —
Grim, con., abbr. of Crim-
Creep, krep, v. i. [crept, creeping.] To move inal conversation. (Law.) Adultery. Criminally, —
along, as a reptile does to move on hands and
; adv. — Criminality, -T-tT, n. Guiltiness. Crim'- —
knees, crawl; to move slowly, feebly, timorously, or inate, v. t. To charge with, or convict of, crime.
stealthily to steal in, insinuate one's self; to fawn;
; Crimp, krimp, a. Easily crumbled. v. t. [crimped —
to grow, as a vine, clinging to other support; to have (krimpt), crimping.] To form into ridges, waves,
a sensation of insects crawling upon the body. — or plaits to pinch and hold, seize, decoy. (Cook-
;

Creepier, n. One who, or that which, etc.; a vine; a ery.) To cause to contract, or to render crisp, as
fixture with iron points worn on the shoe to prevent the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with
slipping. (Ur/u'th.) A small bird, allied to the wren. a knife. —
n. One who decoys. Crimple. krimp'!, —
pi. An instrument with hooks or claws to drag the v. t. [crimpled (-Id), -ling.] To cause to shrink
"bottom of wells, etc. —
Creep Ingly, adv. By creep- or draw together, contract, curl, corrugate.
ing slowly; sneakingly ignobly. Crimson, krim'zn, n. A
deep-red color tinged with
— —
; ;

Cremate, fee-mat', v. t. To burn, esp. a corpse. blue. a. Of a deep red color. v. t. [crimsoned
Creole, kre'ol, n. One born in America, or the West (-znd), -soning.] To dye with crimson. v. i. To —
Indies, of European ancestors; one born in tropical become crimson; to blush.
America, or adjacent islands, of any color. Cringe, krini, w. t. [cringed (krinjd), cringing.] To
Creosote, kre'o-sot, n. (Chem.) An oily, colorless cause to shrink, contract, draw together. —v. i. To
liquid, having the smell of smoke, and strong anti- draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to
septic properties, obtained from distillation of wood. bow obsequiously, fawn.— n. Servile civility; a
Crepitate, krep'T-tat, v. i. To burst with a sharp mean bow.
sound, crackle, snap. Crinite, kri'nTt, a. .Resembling a tuft of hair.
Crept. See Creep. Crin'oline, -lin, n. A
lady's stiff petticoat, orig. of —
Crescent, kres'ent, a. Increasing ; growing shaped hair-cloth, afterwards expanded by hoops. Cri- —
like the new moon. n. —
The increasing moon;
;

nose', -nos', a. Hairy.

moon in her first or last quarter; figure of "the new Crinkle, krink'l. v. t. [crinkled (-kid), -ling.] To
moon, borne in the Turkish flag; the flag itself; the form with short turns or wrinkles. v. i. To run —
Turkish power. in and out in short bends.
Cress, kres, n. (Bot.) A
salad plant of various species. Cripple, kripl, n. One who creeps, halts, or limps.
Cresset, kres'set, n. An open lamp, on a beacon, — v. t. [crippled (-pld), -pling.] To deprive of the
lighthouse, etc., or carried on a pole*. use of the limbs, esp. of the legs and feet to lame, ;

Crest, krest, n. A
tuft, or other natural ornament, on deprive of strength or use, disable.
an animal's head, as the comb of a cock; the plume Crisis, kri'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. The decisive mo-
or other decoration on a hel- ment; turning-point. (Med.) The change of a dis-
met ; the helmet itself the ; ease which indicates recovery or death.
head, as typical of high spirit; Crisp, krisp. a. Formed into stiff curls or ringlets;
pride courage. {Her.') An
; having windings or indentations brittle friable; ; ;

appendage placed over the effervescing; sparkling. said of liquors. —v. t. —

shield. The rising part of a [crisped (krispt), crisping.] To curl, as the hair;
horse's neck see Horse.
: to wreathe, as branches of trees; to wrinkle or curl
The foamy, feather-like top on the surface or edges. —
v. i. To form little curls.
of a wave. (Fort.) The top Criss-cross, kris'-kros, n. mark formed by two A
line of a slope. v. t. To — lines crossing, usually at right angles a child's
—
;

furnish or adorn with a crest; game

played" on paper or a state. adv. In oppo-
to serve as a crest for. with opposition or hindrance.
site directions;
Cretaceous, kre-ta'shus, a. Crest. (Her.) Critic, krit'ik, n. One skilled in judging of the
Having the qualities of, or abounding with, chalk, merits of literary or art works a connoisseur a ; ;

Cretin, kre'tin, n. {Med.) An idiot of a kind fre- harsh judge carper.

j

i Critical, a. Having skill ; —

quent in the valleys of the Alps, generally afflicted to iudge of literary or artistic matters; exact; nicely
|

also with goiter. judicious captious pert, to criticism character- ; ; ;

Cretonne, kre-ton', n. A
fabric having a warp of ized by thoroughness and a reference to principles;
hemp and woof of flax. pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning-
Crevasse, kre-vas', n. A
crevice or split, as in a gla- point; decisive of doubtful issue attended with ; ;

cier; a breach in the levee or embankment of a

—
risk. —
Critically, adv.— Critlcalness, n.— Criti-
river. Crevice, -is, n. A
narrow opening from a cise, -siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cising.] To examine
split; a_cleft; fissure; rent. and judge as a critic; to animadvert on. v. i. To —
Crew, kroo, n. A
company of people associated to- act as a critic, pass judgment, animadvert.— Crit'i-
gether; throng: assemblage; a ship's company; the ciser, «. —
Criticism, -sizm, n. Art of judging of
seamen belonging to a vessel. beauties and faults; judgment passed or expressed;
Crew. See_CROw. detailed examination and review. Critique', kri- —
Crewel, kroo'el, n. Worsted yarn slackly twisted. tek', m. Art of criticism critical examination or ;

Crib, krib, n. The manger or'rack of a stall; stall for estimate of a work of literature or art; thorough
cattle; inclosed bedstead for a child; bin for stor- analysis of any subject. [F.]— Crite'rion, -rY-un,
ing grain, salt, etc.; a literal translation of a classic n. ; pi. -RIA, -rt-a, or -rions. A standard of judging;
author, —
v. t. [cribbed (kribd), cribbing.] To approved or established rule, principle, or test, by
shut in a narrow habitation to pilfer or purloin. comparison with which a judgment is formed.
—
:

v. i. —
To crowd together, be confined. Crib'- Croak, krok, v. i. [croaked (krokt), croaking.] To
bage, -bej, n. A
game at cards, in which the dealer make a low. hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or
makes up a third hand for himself, partly from his crow; to forebode evil, grumble. v. t. To utter —
opponent's. —
Crib'bage-board, n. board with] Ain a low, hoarse voice.
j

n. The sound of a frog, —

holes, to score the game at cribbage with pegs. raven, etc. —
Croak'er, n. One who croaks, com- —
Crib'bing, n. (Mining.) A
plank lining of a shaft,
;

plains, or habitually forebodes evil; a small Amer.

etc. (Far.) A horse's trick of gnawing the crib. fish, which croaks when caught.
Cribble, krib'bl, n. A
coarse sieve or screen. v. t. —
Crochet, kro-sha', n. kind of netting made with a A
[cribbled (-bid), -bling.] To cause to pass through small hook. v. t.
i

To do netting with, etc. —

Crock, krok. n. An earthen vessel pot; pitcher: cup;
j

a sieve or riddle; to sift. ;

Crick, krik, n. A spasmodic affection, esp. of the smut collected on pots, kettles, etc. soot lamp-
—
; ;

neck or back. black. v. t. To blacken with soot, or with the

Cricket, krik'et, n. An orthopterous insect, having a coloring matter of cloth, —v. i. To give off crock,
chirping note; a game with bat, ball, and wicket; a smudge, blacken. Crock'ery, -Sr-i, n. Earthen- —
low stool. —
v. i. To play at cricket. ware vessels of clay, glazed and baked; pottery.
;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Sdd tone, 6r
 CROCODILE CROWN
Crocodile, krok'o-dil, n. A large amphibious reptile animation of a witness, called by one party, by the
of Africa and Asia. opposite party. — (jross'let, n. A small cross. (Her.)
Crocus, kro'kus, n. genus A A cross whose arms are terminated with small cross-
of early flowering plants a ; es, or again crossed near the end. —
Crucial, kroo'"-
mineral powder of a deep shal, a. Formed like, or pert, to, a cross; severe ;
yellow or red color. searching, as if by suffering on the cross.— Cru'cify,
Crone, kron, n. An old wom- -sT-fT, v. t. [-Cified (-fid), -fying.] To fasten to a
an,— usually in contempt cross, destroy the power of, subdue completely. —
more rarely an aged man. Crucifixion, -fik'shun, n. Act of, etc.; death on the
— Cro^ny, -nT, n. Intimate cross, intense suffering. Cru'cifix, n. Figure of a —
companion; associate famil- ; cross, with Christ upon it. Cru'ciform, a. Cross- —
iar friend. shaped. (Bot.) Having 4 equal petals, disposed
Crook, krook, n. A
bend, turn, Crocodile, crosswise. —
Crucigerous, -sij'er-us, a. Bearing, or
or curve; device used as a subterfuge; trick; artifice; marked with, etc. Crusade, -sad', n. —
mediaeval A
an instrument bent at the end, esp. a shepherd's or military expedition to recover the Holy Land from
bishop's staff. —
r. t. [crooked (krdokt), crook- the Mohammedans; any expedition for a religious
ing.] To turn from a straight line, make crooked, purpose a hot-headed or fanatical enterprise.
;

bend, turn from rectitude, pervert. v. i. To be — Crotch, kroch, n. Place of division, as of a trunk into
bent or curved. —
Crook'ed, p. a. Characterized by branches; fork; a forked piece of wood, metal, etc.
a crook or curve bent not straightforward per-
; ; — Crotchet, n. A
verse. —
_Crook'edly, adv. Crook'edness, n. — ;

forked piece of wood;

4-r
Croon, kroon, n.

t.
A
low, continued moan; murmur;
a simple piece of music; plain, artless melody.
[crooned (kroond), crooning.] To sing in a
low tone, hum; to soothe by singing softly. v.i.
To make a continuous noise in a low, hollow tone,
v. — crotch. (Mus.) The
3d principal note,
equal in duration to
J a m i n i m marked
with a hook, the stem
,
H
JSFI Crotchets.
as cattle do when in pain; to moan; to hum, sing, or of which may turn up or down according to its situ-
murmur softly. ation. (Print.) A bracket. See Bracket. A crooked
Crop, krop, n. The protuberant stomach of a bird, or perverse fancy whim conceit. Crotch'ety, -Y,
; ;
—
situated in the breast the craw ; the top of any ; a. Given to crotchets; whimsical.
thing, esp. of a plant that which is cropped or
; Croton-bug, kro'tun-bug, n. (Entom.) A kind of cock-
gathered from a single field, or of a single kind of roach. oil, re. (Med.) A
vegetable oil of hot,
grain, fruit, etc., or in a single season; fruit; har- biting taste, —a powerful drastic cathartic.
vest. —
v. t. [cropped (kropt), cropping.] To cut Crouch^ krowch, v. i. [crouched (krowcht), crouch-
off the ends of, bite or pull off, pluck.— v. i. (Geol.) ing.] To bend down, stoop or lie low, bend obse-
To appear above the surface, as a seam or bed of quiously, stoop meanly, fawn, cringe.
coal ;to come to light, be manifest, with out. — — Croup, kroop, n. The buttocks of quadrupeds, esp. of
Crop'per, n. A kind of pigeon having a large crop; a horse place behind the saddle.
; Crupper, Croup- —
a hurt by a fall from a horse. (Mech.) machine A er, in Airier. ; krup'Sr in Eng., n. The rump
krup'er
for facing cloth by means of spiral knives. Crops, — of a horse a strap under a horse's tail holding the
n. pi. The region above the shoulder in the ox. — saddle back.
;

—
v. t. _ To fit with, etc. Croupier, —
Crop'eared, -erd, a. Having the ends of the ears kroo'pT-gr or kroo-per'', n. One at the lower end of
cut off. the table as an assistant-chairman at a dinner; one
Croquet, kro-ka/', n. A game in which wooden balls who watches the cards and collects the money at a
are driven by mallets through hoops arranged on a gaming-table. [F.]
lawn. Croup, kroop, n. (Med.) An inflammatory affection
Croquette, kro-kef, n. (Cookery.) A ball of minced of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse
meat, seasoned, and fried. ringing cough and difficult respiration.
Crosier, kro'zher, n. The official Crow, kro, n. A
large bird, usually black, uttering a
staff of an archbishop, or harsh, croaking note an iron lever with a claw ;

bishop. shaped like a crow's beak; the voice of the cock.

Cross, kros, n. A
gibbet, consist- v. i. [imp. crew or crowed; p.p. crowed (krod)
ing of two timbers placed trans- or (obs.) crown (kron); crowing.] To make the
versely; the theological and re- shrill sound of a cock; to shout in exultation or de-
ligious import of the death of fiance; to brag; to utter a sound of joy, as an infant.
Christ; the Christian doctrine; — Crow'-bar, n. A
bar of iron, used as a lever. —
the gospel; the symbol of -foot, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants; crow-toe. (Naut.)
Christ's death, and hence, of Cordage suspending an awning. Crow's'-feet, re. — —
Christianity; affliction regarded Crosiers. pi. Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes.
as a test of virtue; trial; vexa- -nest, n. (Naut.) look-out place on a mast.A
tion; disappointment. (Arch.) a. Bishop's. Crowd, krowd, v. t. To press or drive together; to fill
A cross-shaped ornament. The Archbishop's 6. by pressing, encumber by excess of numbers or
cross-like mark signed by those unable to write; a quantity to press by solicitation, dun, treat dis-
mixing of breeds or stock, esp. in cattle-breeding; courteously. v. i.
;

—
To press together in numbers,
product of such intermixture. (Surv.) An instru- A swarm; to urge or press forward, re. number of —
ment for laying off offsets perpendicular to the main persons or things closely pressed together; the lower
course. —a. Lying athwart; transverse; intersect- orders of people throng multitude vulgar rab-
; ; ; ;

ing; adverse; contrary; perverse; unfortunate; peev- ble.

ish or fretful; ill-humored; mutually inverse; inter- Crown, krown, re. A wreath encircling the head, esp.
changed.— v. t. [crossed (krost), crossing.] To as a badge of merit, dignity, or power; a jeweled cap
put across or athwart; to draw something, as a line, or fillet worn on the head as an emblem of sover-
across; to pass from one side to the other of; to run eignty; any object sought for as a prize; anything
counter to, thwart, clash or interfere with; to debar; imparting beauty, dignity, or distinction; one enti-
to make the sign of the cross upon; to cancel, erase; tled to a regal or'imperial crown; the sovereign; re-
to mix the breed of. v. i. —
To lie or be athwart; to gal or imperial power; sovereignty; royalty; a coin
pass from one side toward the other, or from place bearing the image of a crown; topmost part of any-
to place; to interbreed. —
Cross'ly, -It, adv. In a thing; the part of a hat above the brim and the flat
cross way; peevishly.— Cross'ness, n. Cross'' wise, —
circular part at the top. (Arch.) The highest mem-
adv. In the form of a cross; across. Crossing, n. —
ber of a cornice; summit of any part of a building.
Act by which anything is crossed; act of interbreed- (Bot.) An appendage at the top of the claw of some
ing; intersection of roads; paved walk across a street. petals; the head of a root: see Root. (Want.) That
— Cross '-exam'ine, v. t. [examined (-ind), -ining.] part of an anchor where the arms join the shank;
(Law.) To examine for the purpose of eliciting facts also, bights formed by turns of a cable. v. t. —
not brought out in direct examination or controvert- [crowned (krownd), crowning.] To invest with a
ing the direct testimony. exarn'ma'tion, n. Ex- crown, or with royal dignity; to adorn, dignify; to
sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 CRUCIAL 90 CUD
form the topmost part of, complete, perfect. {Mil.) vault under a church, for burial purposes. (Arch.)
To effect a lodgment upon. — Crown'er, re. The space under a building; subterranean chapel;
Crucial, Crucify, Crucifls., etc. See under Cross. hiding-place.— Cryp'tic, -tical, a. Hidden; secret;
Crucible, kroo'si-bl, n. chemical A occult. —
Cryp'togam, n. ( Hot.) A flo werless plant,
vessel or melting-pot. capable of or one whicn does not fructify by means usual to
enduring great heat without in- others. —
Cryptog'amy, -ml, n. Concealed fruc-
jury. tification. —
Crypto g'raphy, -fY, n. Art of writing
Crude, krood, a. In its natural in secret characters secret characters or cipher.
;
—
etate; not cooked or prepared for Cryptol'ogy, -]!, n. Secret or enigmatical language.
use; raw; unripe; immature; not — Cryp'tonym.-nim, a. A concealed name, known
reduced to order or form undi- ; only to the initiated.
gested; hasty and ill-considered; Crucible. Crystal, kris'tal, re. (Chem. and Min.) The regu-
displaying superficial and undi- lar form which a substance assumes in solidify-
gested knowledge. (Paint.) Coarsely done not ac- : ing a fine kind of glass glass of a watch case. —
— —
:

—
;

curately colored. Crude'ly, adv. Crude'ness, a." Of, or like, crystal: clear; transparent. Crys-
Cru'dity, -dT-tf, re. Condition of being, or that which talline, -lin, a. Of crystal ; having a texture pro-
is, etc. duced by crystallization resembling crystal pure; : ;

Cruel, kroo'el, a. Disposed to give pain causing, ; clear; pellucid. —

Crt/stalline humor, or lens. A white,
or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery; savage; in- transparent, firm substance, formed like a convex
—
human pitiless. Cru'elly, -el-lT, adv. Cru'elty,
; — lens, in the vitreous humor of the eye : see Eye. —
-tl, n. Character of being, etc.; a cruel deed. Crys'taliize, -liz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -lizing.] To
Cruet, kroo'et, n. A
small glass bottle for vinegar, cause to lorm crystals, or assume crystalline form.
oil. etc.; a caster. r. i. To be converted into, etc.— CryVtalliza'tion, n.
Cruise. See Cruse. Act of, or thing formed by, etc. Crystallography, —
Cruise, krooz, v. i. [cruised (kroozd), cruising.] To -fT, n. Doctrine or science of, or treatise on, crys-
go back and forth on the ocean to wander hither tallization.
and thither on land. n. —
voyage without settled A
;

Ctenoid, ten'oid, ??. A

fish having unenameled scales,
course. jagged at the edges.
Cruller, krullSr, n. A
kind of crisp sweet-cake boiled Cubrkub, n. A
Young animal, esp. the young of the
in fat. bear. —
v. t. or i. [cubbed (kubd), -bing.] To bring
Crumb, krum, n. A
small fragment or piece, esp. of forth (animals).
bread ; the soft part of bread. v. t. To break into — Cube, kub, n. (Geom.) A
regular solid body, with
crumbs or small pieces. Crum'ble, -bl, n. very — A six equal square sides. (Arith.)
small fragment small crumb. v. t.
; [crumbled — The product of a number multi-
(-bid), -blixg.] To break into small pieces. v. i. — plied twice into itself; as, 4x4
To fall or break into, etc., decay, perish. Crum'- — =10x4=64, the cube of 4.— v. t.
bly, -bit, a. Easily crumbled ; brittle. — Crum'my, [cubed (kubd), cubing.] To
-mT, a. Full of crumbs soft ; not crusty.
; raise to the third power, by multi-
Crumpet, krum'pet, n. A kind of soft bread-cake, plying a number into itself twice.
not sweetened. — Cube root. (Arith.) The
Cube.
Crumple, krum'pl, ?•. r. [-pled (-pld), -fling.] To number or quantity which, mul-
press into wrinkles or folds, rumple. v. i. — To tiplied into itself,and then into the product, pro-
shrink irregularly, wrinkle. duces cube: thus, 3 is the cube root of 27.
a certain
Crunch, krunch, r. i. [crunched (kruncht), crunch- — Cu'bic, Cu'bical, a. Having the form or prop-
ing.] To chew with violence and noise, craunch ; erties of a cube contained, or capable of being
;

to grind_or press noisily. —

contained, in a cube. Cubic equation. An equation
Cruor, kroo'or, n. Gore coagulated blood. ;
in which the highest power of the unknown quan-
Crupper. See under Croup. tity is a cube. —C.foot. solid foot, equivalent to A
Crural, kroo'ral, a. Pert, to the leg; shaped like a leg a cubical solid, which measures a foot in each of its
or root. dimensions. —
C. number. A number produced by
Crusade. _See under Cross. multiplying a number into itself, and that product
Cruse, kroos, n. A small cup or bottle. Cru'set, n. — by the same number. Cu'bically, adv. —
Cu'bic- —
A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot. alness, n.— Cu'bature, -chur, n. Process of determin-
—
Crush, krush, ?•. t. [crushed (krusht). crushing.] ing the cubic contents of a body. Cu'biform, a.
To press and bruise between hard bodies to over- Cube-shaped.— Cu'boid, -boid'al, a. Having nearly
the form of, or resembling, a cube. — Cu^bo-cube, n.
;

whelm by pressure to overcome completely, sub-

due, ruin. v. i. —
;

To be pressed into a smaller com- (Math.) The 6th power. —

Cu'bo-cu'bo-cube, n. 9th
pass by external force to be condensed. re. — A power
—
;

violent compression. Crush'er. re. Cubeb, ku'beb, n. A small, spicy, tropical berry,
Crust, krust, n. The hard, external covering of any- stimulant and purgative.
thing; any concretion. ?;. r. —
To cover with a hard Cubit, ku'bit, n. (An at.) The fore-arm. measure A
case, or crust to incrust, envelop.
; v. i. To gather — of length, —
the distance from the elbow to the end
into a hard crust to concrete or freeze at the sur- of the middle finger.
—
;

face. Crusfy, -T, a. Of the nature of crust hard ; Cuckoo, kdok'oo. n. A bird, named from its note, which
of a harsh exterior or rough manner; surly; morose. lays its eggs in
— Crusta'cea, -she-a, re. pi. One of the "classes of other birds'
articulated animals, including lobsters, shrimps. nests. —
Cuck'-
and crabs, which have a crust-like shell covering the oo-spit, spit 'tie.
body and legs. n. An exuda-
Crutch, kruch, n. A staff with a cross-piece, to be tion o r spume
placed under the arm for support in walking. on some plants.
Cry, kri. r. [cried (krid), crying.] To speak, call,
;'.
esp. about the
or exclaim loudly to vociferate, proclaim; to weep
; joints of laven-
and sob; to bawl, as a child; to utter inarticulate der and rose-
sounds, as animals. ?'. t. —
To utter loudly or vehe- mary. —
mently to advertise by outcry.
; n. A loud utter- — Cuck'old, n.
ance; outcry; clamor; expression of triumph, won- A man whose
der, pain, distress, etc. public advertisement by ; wife is u n-
outcry a pack of hounds.
; Cri'er, n. One who, — faithful.—
etc. esp. an officer who proclaims the orders of a
; v.t. To make
court or gives public notice b\ proclamation. T
a cuckold of.
Cryolite, kri'o-lTt, n. {Min.) A mineral found only Cue umber, American Cuckoo.
in the gneiss of Greenland, which melts easily; com- ku'kum-ber,
mercial ore of aluminium. n. A creeping plant and its fruit.
Crypt, kript, n. A
subterranean cell or cave esp. a ; Cud, kud, n. Food brought up into the mouth by
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 OUDDLE 91 CURE
ruminating animals from their 1st stomach, and Cunctative, kunk'ta-tiv, a. Causing or prone to de-
chewed a 2d time; a piece of chewing tobacco; quid. lay; tardy.
Cuddle, kud'dl, v. i. [cuddled (-did), -dling.] To Cuneal. ku'ne-al. -neate, -neated, -neafic, -niform,
lie close or snug to squat, crouch, snuggle.
; Cud'- — -ne'iform, a. Having the form of a wedge; pert, to
dy, -dT, n. (^aut.) A small cabin in a boat. A the wedge-shaped characters in ancient Persian and
very small apartment. Assyrian inscriptions.
Cudgel, kuj'el, n. short, thick stick A club. v. t. ; Cunning, kun'ning, a. Well-instructed skillful ;

[cudgeled (-eld), -eling.] To beat. experienced; given to underhand maneuvering;

Cue, ku, n. A
tail esp. a tail-like twist of hair at the artfully deceitful; sly; crafty exhibiting skill or
;

back of the head last words of an actor's speech,

; craft; ingenious; curious, n. — ;

Faculty or act of
regarded as a hint for the succeeding player to using stratagem deceit ; art. ;

speak; hint or intimation; the part one is to perform; Cup, kup, n. A small drinking vessel: contents of a
a straight rod used in playing billiards. cup; cupful; a drink composed of wine iced and
Cuff, kuf, v. A
blow with the open hand a stroke ; ; flavored that which must be endured portion
: ; ;

box; buffet.— v. t. [cuffed (kuft), cuffing.] To lot. (Surg.) A

cupping-glass, pi. Repeated pota-
strike with the flat of the hand, as a man or with tions ; revelry drunkenness. v. t. [cupped —
—
; ;

talons or wings, as a fowl. n. The fold at the end (kupt), cupping.] To supply with cups. (Surg.)
of a sleeve. To bleed by scarification and a cupping-glass. —
Cuirass, kwe-ras', re. piece of armor, covering the A Cup'ping, n. (Surg.) Operation of drawing blood
body from neck to girdle. Cuirassier, -ser', n. — A with a cupping-glass. Cup'ping-glass, n. —
glass A
soldier armed with, etc. [F.J cup to be applied to the skin, to draw blood by ex-
Cuish, kwis, n. Defensive armor for the thighs. hausting the air. — Cup'bear-
Cuisine, kwe-zen', n. The kitchen style of cooking ; er, n. One who fills and hands
—
;

cookery. Cu'linary, -na-ri, a. Pert, to the kitchen the cups at an entertainment.

or cookery._ — Cup'board, kub'erd, n. A
Cul-de-sac, koold / sak / n. street closed at one end;
',
A closet with shelves, for cups,
a trap. (Jfil.) A
position in which an army has no plates, etc. — Cu'pel, n. A
exit but to the front. (JSTat. Hist.) bag-shaped A small vessel used in refining
cavity, or organ, open only at one end. [F^] precious metals; a shallow
Cull, kill, v. t. [culled (kuld), culling.] To sepa- crucible. —
Cupel', v. t. To
rate, select, or pick out. separate bv means of a cupel;
Cullender. See Colander. refine. — Cu'pola, -la, n. ; pi.
Culminate, kul'mi-nat, v. i. To reach the highest -las, -laz. (Arch.) spher- A
point of altitude, or of rank, size, numbers, etc. — ical vault on the top of an
a. Growing upward, as disting. fr. lateral growth, edifice. The round top of a
— Culmina'tion,
i

n. Attainment of, etc. ; passage I

furnace: the furnace itself.
across the meridian; transit. Cupidity, ku-pid'i-tT, n. Eager
Culpable, kul r pa-bl, a. Deserving censure; worthy desire for possession, esp. of Cupola.
of blame; faulty: censurable.— Cul'pabieness, -bil > - wealth; covetousness; lust.
ity, -tY, n. —
Cul'pably, adv. CuFprit, n. One ac- — Cupreous, ku'pre-us, a. Of or resembling copper
cused or convicted of crime a criminal. ; coppery. —
Cupriferous, -er-us, a. Containing or
;

Cultus, kul'tus, Cult, n. Homage; worship; a system affording copper.

—
I

of religious belief, worship, or rites. Cultivate,

'

Cur, ker, n. A
worthless or degenerate dog: a worth-
v. t. To till, fertilize to direct special attention less, snarling fellow Cur'rish, a. —Like a cur;
—
;
j

to, foster, cherish to improve by labor, care, or quarrelsome churlish Cur'rishly. adv.
— —
; ;

study to civilize, refine.

; Cultivable, a. Cul- Curable, Curate, Curator, etc. See under Cure.
tivation, re. Art or practice of, etc. tillage ; fos- ;
'

Curacoa, koo-ra-so', re. A

cordial, flavored with
tering care civilization state of being cultivated
; : ; orange-peel, cinnamon, and mace, first made in
advancement in physical, intellectual, or moral con- the island of Curacoa.
dition: refinement culture. : Curare, -ri, ku-ra're, n. A
South American vegetable
— Cul'tivator, -ter, re. One poison used by Indians upon arrows, etc., de- —
who, etc.; an implement stroying control by the nerves of the voluntary
used in the tillage of grow- muscles. [Written vrari, icoorali, ivourari, etc.]
ing crops, to loosen the sur- Curb, kerb, n. A
check or hindrance; esp. a chain or
face of the earth. — Culture, strap upon a horse's bit, which may be drawn tight-
kuKchur, n. Act of, etc. ; ly against the lower jaw: a wall to hold back amass
cultivation refinement of
;
Cultivator. of earth in its place: a wall set within or round the
mind or manners. - [cultured (-churd), -tur- mouth of a well; a curb-stone. —v. t. [curbed
ing.] To cultivate (kerbd), curbing.] To bend to one's will, restrain,
Culter, kuKter, re. colter. See Colter. A
Cul''- — confine; to furnish with a curb, as a well; to re-
trate, -trated, a. (Bot. & Ornith.) Sharp-edged and strain by a curb, as a bank of earth. Curb'roof, n. —
pointed, like a pruning knife. A roof having a double slope; gam brel roof; mansard
Culvert, kill' vert, re. An arched drain for water un-
der a road, canal, etc.
roof. —stone, n. A
stone placed edgewise against
earth or stonework to prevent its giving way.
Cumber, kum'ber, v. t. [-bered (-herd), -Bering.] Curd, kerd, n. The coagulated or thickened part of
To hang or rest on as a troublesome weight; to be milk, eaten as food, also of any liquid, —v. t. To
burdensome or oppressive to: to clog, obstruct, em- curdle; congeal. v. i. —
To become coagulated or
barrass, impede. —
Cum'bersome, -sum, a. Burden- thickened: to separate into curds and whey.— Cur /'-
some or hindering not easily managed: oppressive; dle, -dl, v. i. and t. [curdled (-did), -dling.] To
vexatious. — ;

Cum'bersomely, adv."— Cum^brance, change into curd, coagulate or concrete; to thicken,

-brans, n. Encumbrance. — Cum'brous, -brus, a. congeal.
Rendering action difficult; giving trouble. — Cum'- Cure, kur, n. Spiritual charge; care of souls; office
brously, adv. — Cum'brousness, re.— Cu'niulate, of a curate; curacy; medical care; remedial treat-
-lat, v. t. To heap together; amass. — Cumula'tion, ment of disease successful remedial treatment
;

n. Act of, etc. ; a heap.— Cumulative, -tiv, a. Form- restoration to health; remedy; restorative. v. t. —
ing a mass; aggregated; augmenting:: gaining or giv- [cured (kurd), curing.] To heal, restore to health,
ing force by successive additions. (Law.) Given by soundness, or sanity; to remedy, remove to pre-
the same testator to the same legatee, said of a — pare for preservation by drying, salting, etc. v. i.
;

—
legacy. —
Cu'mulus. n. (Met»or.) One of the four To effect a cure, be healed.— Cur'able, a. That may
primary forms of clouds, being massed, and often — be, etc. — Cur'ableness, -abil'ity, n. Cureless, a. —
bringing rain. [L.] Cu mulo-stra
/ /
'tus, n. form — A Incurable. —
Cur'ative, -tiv, a. Pert, to the cure of
of cloud between cumulus and stratus, which is in diseases tending to cure.
; Cura'' tor, -ter, n. — A
layers. superintendent, as of a museum, etc. trustee;
—
;

Cumin, kum'in, n. An umbelliferous plant, resem- guardian. [I,.] Cu'rate, -rat, re. One who has
bling fennel, and having aromatic seeds. the cure of souls; orig., any clergyman; now, an

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo~ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CURFEW 92 CUT
assistant to a rector or vicar. Culacy, -sY, n. — Continual flexure of a line or surface from a recti-
Office or employment of, etc. Culious, -rY-us, a. — linear direction. /-
—
Curvilin eal, -ear, -e-ar, a. Con-
Solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; ex- sisting of, or bounded by, curve lines. Cur'vet. —
hibiting care; artfully constructed; eager to learn; 74. A
leap of a horse a prank frolic. v. i. To ; —
—
;

habitually inquisitive; inviting and rewarding in- make a curvet; to frisk. v. t. To cause to, etc.
quisitiveness —
singular. Culiously, adv. Cu r- — Cushion, kush'un, n. stuffed bag, to sit or recline A
nousness, n. — Curiosity, -Y-tY, n.
;

State of being, upon; any stuffed or padded surface, —v. t. [cush-

etc.; scrupulousness; disposition to inquire, investi- ioned (-und), -ioning.] To seat on, or furnish with,
gate, or seek after knowledge inquisitiveness; ; etc.
that which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward Cusp, kusp, n. (Arch.) projecting point in the or- A
attention.— Cure\ ku-ra1«. curate; parson. [F.] A namentation of arches, panels, etc.; a pendant of a
Curfew, kerlu, n. The ringing of a bell at nightfall, pointed arch. (Astrol.) First entrance of any house
orig. a signal to cover fires, extinguish lights, and in the calculations of nativities, etc. (Astron.) The
retire to rest. point or horn of the crescent. (Math.) The point
Curl, kerl. v. t. [curled (kerld), c urling.] To twist at which two curves or branches of the same curve
or form into ringlets or coils: to deck as with curls; meet. —
Cuspid, n. (Anat.) One of the canine or
to raise in waves or undulations; to ripple. v. i. eye teeth: see Tooth. —Cuspidal, a. Ending in a
To bend into ringlets, as hair; to move in curves, point. —
Cuspidate, -dated, a. (Bot.) Having a
spirals, or undulations. n. —
ringlet, esp. of hair; A sharp end, like a spear-point.
an undulating or curving line; flexure; sinuosity; Cuspidor, kuspl-dor, n. A spittoon; an earthenware
a disease in potatoes, in which the leaves seem waste-basket.
curled and shrunk up. CurKy, — -Y, a. Having Custard, kuslard, A dish composed of milk n. and
curls tending to curl.
; Curlliiess, — n. eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled.
Curlew, kerlu, n. wading A Custody, kuslo-dY, n. A keeping or guarding esp. ;

bird, of the snipe kind judicial or penal safekeeping restraint of liberty;

Curmudgeon, ker-muj'un, confinement — ;

An avaricious fellow; miser;

n.
Pert, to, etc. —imprisonment.
;

Custo'dian, n.
Custo'dial, -dY-al, a.
One who has, etc. ; a
niggard churl. ; keeper; superintendent.
Currant, kurlant, n. small A Custom, kuslum, ?i. Way of acting habitual prac- ;

dried grape, used in cook- tice habitual buying of goods business support;
; ;

ery a garden shrub, and

; patronage. (Law.) Long established practice, or
its berry. usage, considered as unwritten law, and resting for
Current, kurlent, a. Run- authority on long consent. The customary toll, tax,
ning or moving rapidly or tribute, pi. Duties imposed on commodities im-
now passing or present, Curlew. m ported or exported.— Cuslomable, a. Common; sub-
its progress; circulating ject to the payment of duties.— Cus'tomably, -arily,
through the community; generally received; com- -rY-lY, adv. In a customary manner habitually. ;
—
mon.— n. A
stream, esp. of a fluid; ordinary pro- Cuslomary, a. According to custom established
cedure progressive and connected movement. — by common usage; conventional. (Law.) Holding
;

Curlently, adv. —
Cur'rentness, n. Curlency, — or held by custom. Cuslomer, n. One who fre- —
-sY, n. State or quality of being current general ac- ; quents a place to buy; a purchaser; buyer. Cus'- —
ceptance ; circulation current value general esti-
; ; tomhouse, n. The Building where duties are paid,
mation; money.— Curlicle, -rY-kl, n. chaise drawn A and vessels entered or cleared.
by two horses abreast. Curric'ulum, n. —
race A Cut, kut, v. t. [cut, cutting.] To separate the parts
course; a specified course of study. of with a sharp instrument to make an incision in, ;

Curry, kurlY, v. t. [curried (kurl-id), currying.] divide, sever; to hew, as wood; or mow and reap, as
To dress by scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, grain or corn to remove by cutting; to dock to
and coloring, —
said of leather to comb, rub, or shape by cutting, carve, hew out
;

to wound the
;

—
; ;

cleanse the skin of, said of a horse. Curlier, — sensibilities of to intersect, cross to castrate or
—
; ;

-rY-Sr, n. A
dresser of leather.— Curly-comb, -kom, geld. v. i. To serve in dividing or gashing; to ad-
n. An instrument for cleaning horses. mit of incision or severance to divide, sever, inter- ;

Curry, kurlY, n. A
kind of sauce used in India, con- sect, etc. to run rapidly to divide a pack of cards,
taining pepper and other spices; a stew of fowl, fish,
;

to decide the deal or trump. n. An opening made

;

—
etc., with curry sauce. v. t. —
To cook with curry. with a sharp instrument a cleft gash wound a ; ; ; ;

Curse, kers, v. t. [cursed (kerst) or curst, cursing.] stroke with an edged instrument; that which wounds
To wish evil against, execrate to bring evil upon, the feelings; a notch, passage, or channel made by
—
;

vex, harass or torment, injure. v. i. To use pro- cutting surface left by a cut portion severed or
—
; ;

fane language, swear. n. Imprecation of evil cut oft an engraved block impression from such
; ;

malediction; imprecation; that which brings evil or an engraving; act of dividing a pack of cards; right
affliction torment. Curs^ed, a. —
Blasted by, or to divide manner in which a thing is formed ;
;

deserving, etc. execrable hateful. Curs^edly, — shape fashion.

;

short cut. —A
crosspath which A
—
; ; ;

adv. shortens the way. Cut and dried. Prepared be-

Cursive, ker'siv, a. Running: rapid; flowing. Cur''- — forehand not spontaneous. ; C. glass. Glass hav- —
sory, -so-rY, a. Characterized by haste hastily per- ing the surface shaped by grinding and polishing.
formed superficial careless.
;

— To c. a dash, or a figure. To make a display. —

; ;

Curt, kert, a. Characterized by brevity short con- To c. capers. To play pranks, frolic. To c. down. — —
— — ; ;

cise; abrupt; crusty. Curtliess, n. Curtail, -taK, To fell to abash, shame to lessen, diminish.
; ;

v. t. [-tailed (-tald r ), -tailing.] To cut short, To c. out. To remove from the midst to shape by
abridge, diminish. cutting, fashion to take the place of, supersede.
;
;

—
Curtain, kerlin, n. A
movable cloth screen or cover- To c. slwrt. To arrest or check abruptly, abridge.
ing intended to darken or conceal. (Fort.) Part of — To c. under. To undersell. To c. up. To cut to —
the rampart and parapet between the flanks of two pieces, damage, destroy. To
bastions. —
v.t. [curtained (-tind'), -taining.] To c. the acquaintance of, or to c.
inclose, or furnish, with curtains. a person. To drop inter-
Curule, kulool, a. (Horn. Antiq.) Belonging to a course with, avoid recogniz-
chariot, —
said of the chair of certain magistrates, ing. — To the cards. To c.
borne in a chariot when they went to council. divide a pack into portions.
Curve, kerv, a. Bent without angles; crooked; curved. — To the teeth. To put
c.
— n. A
bending without an- forth teeth. — To across. c.
gles thing bent ; a flexure. To pass .through in the most
direct way. — To
;

(Geom.) A
line of which no To c. in.
three consecutive points are divide, or turn a card, for de-
in the same straight line.— Curve. termining.— Cutler, n. One
v. t. [curved (kervd), curving.] To bend, crook- who, or an instrument
inflect. v. i. —
To bend. Curv'ature, -chur, n — which, etc. a front tooth, ;
Cutter.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Yn, ice ; fidd, tSne, 6r ;
 CUTE 93 DAG-
that cuts; an incisor. (j\~aut.) A
small boat used by may be generated by the rotation of a
ships of war ; a sloop-rigged vessel with a bowsprit parallelogram round one of its sides ;

which may be run in upon deck. one-horse A a body of roller-like form, of which the
sleigh. —Cufting, n. Act or operation of, etc. ; longitudinal section is oblong, and the
something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig cut from cross-section circular. —
Cylin'dric,
a stock for grafting an excavation cut through a -drical, a. Formed like, or having prop-
hill. —
;

Cut'off, n. That which cuts off or shortens. erties of, etc. — Cyliu'driform, a.
(Mach.) An attachment to a steam-engine which Formed like, etc. — Cyl'indroid, n. A
cuts off the passage of steam from the steam-chest solid body resembling a right cylinder,
to the cylinder. but having the bases elliptical.
Cute, kut, a. Clever; keen; sharp. Cymbal, sim'bal, n. A dish-shaped mu- p.. l;T,jT_
Cutis, ku'tis, n. (Anat.) The true skin a dense sical instrument of brass, held in the UJ nnQer -
—
;

resisting membrane, next below the cuticle. Cu- hand, and producing, when two are struck together,
ta'neous, -ne-us, a. Pert, to, upon, or affecting, the a ringing sound.
skin.— Cu/ticie, -tl-kl, o. The outer skin; scarf-skin; Cyme, sTm, n. A flat-topped or convex flower-
{Bot.)
epidermis. (Bot.) The thin external covering of the corymb, except that the inflorescence
cluster, like a
bark of a plant. commences with' the terminal buds. Cy'mose, —
Cutlass, kuflas, n. A
broad, curving sword, with -mos, -mous, -mus, a. Containing or in the form of
but one cutting edge. —
Cufler, n. One who makes a cyme. —
Cym'lrng, n. A squash.
or deals in cutlery. —
Cutlery, -ler-T, ?i. Business Cymric, kim'iik, a. Pert, to the Cymry, or people of
of a cutler cutting instruments in general, or in
; Wales, or to their language; Welsh.
the mass. Cynic, sin'ik, -ical, a. Having the qualities of a surly
Cutlet, kuflet, n. A
piece of meat, esp. of veal or dog; snarling; surly: austere; pert, to the dog-star;
mutton, cut for broiling generally part of the rib pert, to the philosophers called cynics, or to their
—
;

with the meat belonging to it. doctrines. Cynic, n. One of a sect of ancient phi-
Cuttle, kut'tl, Cut'tle-fish, n. A
molluscous animal, losophers, named from their morose tenets; one who
having ten arms furnished with cu- holds views resembling these of the cynics; a snarler;
pules or sucking cups, by which it misanthrope. —
Cynlcalness, n. —
Cynicism, -sizm,
attaches itself to other bodies. n. Practice or principles of a cynic.
Cycle, si'kl, n. An imaginary circle or Cynosure, sin'o-shoor or si'no-shoor, n. The constel-
orbit in the heavens an interval of ; lation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing
time in which a certain succession of the polar star, the eyes of mariners are often di-
events is completed, and then returns rected; anything to which attention is turned; cen-
again and again in the same order. ter of attraction.
{Bot.) One entire round in a spire or Cypress, si'pres, n. A
coniferous tree, generally ever-
circle. —
Cyc'lic, sik'lik, -lical, a. Pert, green, and having wood remarkable for durability,
to, or moving in cycles. Cy'cloid, n. — — anciently used at funerals, and so an emblem of
(Geom.) A
curve generated by a point Cuttle-fish. mourning.
in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled Cyprian, sip'rY-an, n. A
native of Cyprus; a lewd
along a straight line, keeping always in the same woman; harlot, —a. Pert, to the island of Cyprus,
plane. —
Cycloid'al, a. Pert, to, etc. Cy'done, — renowned for the worship of Venus; pert, to lewd-
-klon, n. A
rotatory storm or whirlwind of ex- ness, or those who practice it.
tended circuit. —
Cyclope'dia, -pae'dia, -pe'dT-a, n. Cyst, sist, n. (Phi/siol.) A
pouch or sac, without
The circle or compass of the arts and sciences, or of opening, containing morbid matter. —
Cystic, a.
human knowledge a dictionary of arts and sci-
; Having the form of. or living in, etc.; containing,
ences encyclopedia.
;
—
Cyclopedic, a. Pert, to the pert, to, or contained in, etc. —
Cyslocele, -sel, m.
circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia encyclo- ; Hernia of the urinary bladder.
pedic. Czar. Tzar, zar, n. A king; chief: a title of the em-
Cyclopean, si-klo-pCan, a. Pert, to the Cyclops, a peror of Russia. —
Czarina, za-relia, n. Title of the
mythical race of- one-eyed giants in Sicily; 'gigantic: empress of Russia. —
Czarowitz, zaT'o-wits, n.
vast and rough massive.; {Arch.) Pert, to the Title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.—
"earliest buildings found in Greece, consisting of Czarev'na, -na, n. Wife of the czarowitz.
roushly-hewn, uncemented rocks. Czech, tchek. n. One of a branch of the Slavonic race,
Cygnet, sig'net, n. A young swan. including the Bohemians, Hannacks (or Moravians),
Cylinder, siKin-der, n. {Geom.) A solid body which and Slovacks.

D.
D, de. The 4th letter in the English alphabet. (Mus.) bles, 1 long, followed by 2 short, or 1 accented fol-
The 2d note of the scale, corresponding to Re. lowed by 2 unaccented.
Lab, dab, v. t. [dabbed (dabd), dabbixg.] To strike Dad, Daddy, dad'dT, n. Father, —
a word used by
gently, as with the hand or a soft or moist substance. children. —Dad'dy-long-legs, n. A spider having a
— An. gentle blow; sudden hit; a lump of anything small round body, and very long, slender legs; the
soft, with which something is dabbed: a small, flat crane-fly.
fish. —Dab'ber, n. That with which one dabs; an Dado, da'do, n. (Arch.) The die or square part in the
implement used in printing, stereotyping, etc. — middle of the pedestal of a column; that part of an
Dab'ble, v. t. [dabbled (-bid), -blixg.] To wet bv apartment between plinth and impost molding; an
little dips or strokes, moisten. v. i. To play in — arrangement of moldings, or a border of wood or
water, as with the hands; to work in a superficial paper, around the lower part of the walls of a room.
manner, touch here and there, tamper, meddle. Daffodil, daf'fo-dil, n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Dab, Dabster, dab'ster, n. One skilled at his business. Sarcissus, having a bulbous root, and beautiful flow-
Dabchick. dab'chik, n. A
water-fowl allied to the ers, usually j r ellow.
grebe; dipchick; didapper; dobchick; a babyish per- Daft, daft, a. Delirious; insane; foolish.
son. Dag, dag, n. Adagger; poniard; a kind of pistol for-
Da capo, da-ka r po. (Mus.) A
direction to return to, merly used. —Dag'ger, n. A
short sword; poniard.
and end with, the first strain, indicated by D. C. — (Print.) Amark of reference in the form of a dag-
Dace, das, n. A
river fish, of silvery color. ger [t],— called also obelisk. —
v. t. To pierce with,
Dactyl, dak'til, n. (Pros.) A
poetical foot of .3 svlla- etc.; to stab.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 DAG 94 DASH
Dag, dag, n. A loose end, as of locks of wool; a leath- — v. t. To cause to dance, dandle, — n. A brisk
er latchet. — Dag'-lock, n. A
dirty lock of wool on amusement, in which the movements of persons are
a sheep. regulated by art, in figures and by the sound of in-
Daguerreotype, da-gSi-'o-tlp, n. A method of taking struments. (Iilus.) A tune by which dancing is reg-
pictures by photography, on plates of silvered cop- ulated. —
Dan'cer, n. Danseuse, dawN-sez', n. — A
per, etc.; picture so produced, v. t. —
[daguerreo- female dancer, esp. at a theater, etc.
typed (-tipt), -typing.] To represent by the photo- Dandelion, dan /de-fi / un, n. A plant, with large yellow-
graphic art, as a picture; to impress with great dis- compound flowers.
tinctness. Dander, dan'der, n. Corrupt, of Dandruff, q. v. —
Dahlia, dai'ya, n. A genus of flowering plants native Anger or vexation. [Low.]
to Mexico. Dandle, dan'dl, v. t. [dandled (-did), -dling.] To
Daily. See under Day. move up and down in affectionate play, as an in-
Daimio, di'ml-o, n. One of the feudal nobles of Japan. fant to caress, fondle
; to treat as a child, toy ;

Dainty, danlY, a. Delicious to the taste; toothsome; with, pet. —

Dan'dy, -dT, n. One who affects finery
elegant in form, manner, or breeding; requiring in dress and manner; a fop coxcomb.— Dan'dy- ;

dainties; over-nice; fastidious; ceremonious, n. — ism, -izm, n. Manners and character of, etc.
That which is delicious, delicate, or nice; delicacy. Dandruff, dan'druf, -driff, -der, n. Scurf which
Dairy, da'rt, n. Place where milk is kept, and made forms on the head, and comes off in scales.
into butter or cheese; business of making butter Danger, dan'jer, n. Exposure to injury, loss, pain,
and cheese. etc.; peril; hazard; risk; jeopardy. Dan'gerous, —
Dais, dais, n. A
raised floor at the upper end of the -us, «. Attended with, or causing danger. Dan'- —
dining-hall; upper table of a dining-hall; seat with gerously, adv. Dan'gerousness, n. —
,canopy for those at the high table, Dangle, dan'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.J To hang
isy, da'zi, n. A
common spring flower. loosely, or with a waving, swinging, or jerking mo-
Dale, dal, n. A
low place between hills; vale; valley. tion. —
v. t. To cause to dangle; to swing.
Dally, dallT, v. i. [dallied (-lid), -lying.] To waste Dank, dank, a. Damp; moist; humid; wet.
time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in Dapper, dap'per, a. Little and active; nimble; neat
idleness and trifles; to linger, delay; to interchange in chess; smart.
caresses; to use fondling or wantonness. —Dal '- Dapple, dap' pi, a. Marked with spots of different
liance, -lY-ans, n. Act of, etc. shades of color; variegated, —n. One of the spots
Dam, dam, n. A female parent, —used of beasts, or — on a dapple animal. v. t. [dappled (-pld), -pling.]
of a woman, in contempt. To variegate, spot.
Dam, dam, n. A mole, bank of earth, wall, etc., to ob- Dare, dar, v. i. [durst (dSrst), daring.] To have
struct the flow of water. — v. t. [dammed (damd), sufficient courage; to be bold enough; to venture.
damming.] To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a — v. t. [dared (dard), daring.] To have courage
dam; to shut up, confine. for, venture to do; to profess courage to meet; to
Damage, dam'ej, n. Any permanent injury to person, challenge, provoke, defy, brave. — Daring, a.—
property, or reputation; hurt; loss; mischief; detri- Daringly, adv. — Dare'-devil, n. A rash, venture-
ment, pi. {Law.) A compensation or indemnity to some fellow.
one party, for a wrong or injury done by another. Dark, dark, of light; not reflecting or
n. Destitute
v. t. [damaged (-ejd), -aging.] To inflict injury radiating not easily seen through;
light; obscure;
upon, hurt, impair. — Damageable, a. Damn, — mysterious hidden ; destitute 01 knowledge and
;

dam, v. t. (daained (danul), damning (darning or culture; unrefined; evincing foul traits of charac-
darn'mng).] To condemn; to adjudge to punish- ter; vile;wicked foreboding evil; gloomy; suspi-
— n.
;

ment or death; to censure. (Theol.) To condemn to cious. Absence of light; obscurity; condition
punishment in the future world. To condemn as of ignorance secrecy. — Darken, darken, v. t.
;

bad, by hissing, etc.— Damned, damd, in serious dis- [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make dark or black,
course damlied, p. a. Sentenced to punishment in obscure, render dim, deprive of vision; to render
a future state; hateful; abominable. Damna/tion, — ignorant or stupid; to render less clear or intelli-
-na'shun, n. (Theol.) Condemnation to eternal pun- gible; to cast a gloom upon; to make foul, sully.
ishment. —
Dam liable, a. Worthy of, etc.; odious. v. i. To grow dark or darker. Dark'ener, n.— —
Damascene, dam'as-sen, Dam'son, -zn, n. kind of A Darkish, a. Somewhat dark dusky dim.—
plum. —
Dam'ask, a. Pert, to, originating at, or Darkly, adv. — Dark'ness, n. State of being, etc.;
; ;

like, the manufactures of Damascus; having the obscurity gloom secrecy state of ignorance or
;

— ; ;

color of the damask rose. n. A

stuff with raised error; wickedness; impurity; want of clearness or
figures, woven in the loom, —
orig. made at Da- perspicuity; calamity; perplexity. — Darkling, a.
mascus, of rich silk, now made of silk intermin- In the dark. — Dark 'some, -sum, a. Dark; gloomy;
gled with flax, cotton, or wool; linen woven in imi- obscure. —
Dark'y, -t, n. A negro.
tation of the figures in damask silk. v. t. [dam- — Darling. See under Dear.
asked (-askt), -asking.] To decorate with orna- Darn, darn, v. t. [darned (darnd), darning.] To
mental figures, as silk with raised flowers, etc., or mend,
by imitating the texture of theas a hole,
steel with etchings, or inlaid devices; to embellish, stuff with thread and a needle. — n. A place
variegate. mended by darning.
Dame, dam, n. A lady in rank or culture; the mis- Darn, darn, v. t. A substitute for the profane damn.
tress of a family in common life; mistress of a com- Darnel, darliel, n. A weed, rye-grass. —
mon school; a matron. — Dam'sel, -zel, n. A young Dart, dart, n. A weapon thrown by the hand; a
unmarried woman; girl. javelin; any missile weapon; anything that pierces
Damn, Damnable, etc. See under Damage. and wounds. — v. t. To throw with a sudden
Damp, damp, a. Moderately wet; moist; humid. n. —
thrust, hurl, launch; to throw suddenly or rapid-
Moisture; humidity; fog; dejection; depression; dis- lyto send, emit, shoot.
; v. i. To be let fly or —
couragement, pi. (Mining.} Gaseous products, elim- launched; to start and run with velocity; to snoot
inated in coal-mines, wells, etc. v. t. [damped — rapidly along. n. —
fish, the dace. A
(dampt), damping.] To moisten, make humid, ren- Darwinian, dar-win'T-an, a. Pert, to the theory of
der chilly, depress or deject, discourage. Dampen, — natural selection, struggle for existence, and sur-
dampen, v. t. or i. [-eked (-nd), -ening.] To make vival of the fittest, taught by Charles Darwin in his
or become moist. —
Damp'er, n. That which damps "Origin of Species" and other works. n. One —
or checks as a valve in a flue, to regulate the draught
; who believes, etc. an evolutionist.— Darlvinism,;

of air, or a contrivance in mechanism, to check some -winlanism, -izm, n. The doctrine of evolution.
action at a particular time. —Damp^ness, w. Mod- Dash, dash, v. t. [dashed (dasht), dashing.] To
erate humidity; moisture. throw with violence; to break, as by throwing or
Damsel. See under Dame. collision; to put to shame, confound; to throw in
Damson. See under Damascene. or on in a rapid, careless manner, overspread par-
Dance, dans, v. i. [danced (danst), dancing.] To tially, touch here and there; to form or sketch
move with measured steps, or to a musical accom- rapidly or carelessly to erase by a stroke, strike
—
;

paniment; to move nimbly or merrily, caper, frisk. out, obliterate. v. i. To rush or strike violently.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r j
 DASTARD 95 DEBARK
— Violent striking 01 two bodies; crash; sudden
n. 24 hours; a specified time or period; day of battle;
check; frustration; ruin; an admixture, infusion, successful contest; victory. —Daily, dalT, a. Hap-
or adulteration a partial overspreading
; a rapid ; pening orpert. to each successive day; diurnal; quo-
movement, quick blow, sudden onset; capacity for tidian.— adv. Every day; day by day.— re. A pub-
quick, bold movements against an enemy a vain ; lication appearing every day.
show or blustering parade; aflourish. {Punctuation.) Daze, daz, v. t. [dazed (dazd), dazing.] To over-
A mark or line, thusf— ], denoting a break, stop, or power with light, dazzle, confuse, bewilder. Daz- —
transition in a sentence, or a change in its construc- zle, daz'zl, r. 1. [dazzled (-zld), -zling.] To
tion, a significant pause, or an unexpected turn of overpower with light to surprise with brilliancy
;

sentiment. {Mux.) A mark [9] denoting that the or display of any kind- v. i. —
To be intensely
note is to be performed in a short, distinct manner; bright; to be rendered blind or dim by excess of
the line drawn through a figure in the thorough- brightness. —
Daz'zlingly, -If, adv.
bass, as a direction to raise that figure half a tone Deacon, de'kn, n. (Ecu.) In some communions, one
higher. (Raciitr/.) A single trial of speed,— disting. admitted to a grade in the ministry lower than priest
fr. a heat. —
Dash' er, n. That which, etc.; a dash- or elder; in others, a church officer who assists the
board. —
Dash'y, -T, a. Ostentatiously fashionable; pastor at the Lord's Supper, etc. Dea'coness. n. —
showy.— Dash' ingly, udr. Conspicuously. Dash' — A woman specially devoted to the service of the
board, -bord, n. A
board on the front of a vehicle church —
caring for the sick, etc. Dea'conry, -rT, —
to intercept mud, etc. -ship, Diaconate, di-ak'o-nat, n. Office or ministry
Dastard, das'tai d, n. One who meanly shrinks from of a deacon or deaconess.— Diac'onal, a. Pert, to, etc.
danger; coward; poltroon. —
a. Meanly shrinking; Dead, ded, a. Destitute of life put to death inani- ; ;

cowardly. mate resembling death in appearance or quality

; ;

Data, da'ta, n. p7. Facts given or admitted; ground without show of life; without motion; inactive; un-
of inference or deduction. —
Da'tum, n. Something productive unprofitable dull; monotonous or un-
; ;

given, esp. as a standard; a datum-line, a horizontal varied; producing death; sure as death; wanting in
line or level, from which siirface points are reck- religious spirit. (Law.) Cut off from the rights of
oned in surveying. —
Date, dat, n. Specification of a citizen, or property holder. (Engin.) Not impar-
the time when a writing, coin, etc., was executed; ting motion or power. —
adv. To a degree resem-
precise period or time of; epoch: end; conclusion; bling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly.
duration; continuance, v. t. —
To note the time —n. The most quiet or death-like time period of ;

of writing or executing; to fix the time of; to refer profoundest repose or gloom, pi. Those who are
to as a starting point. v. i. —
To have beginning, dead; the departed. —
Deadly, -IT, a. Capable of
have a date. —
Da'tive, -tiv, n. ( Law.) That which causingdeath; mortal; fatal; destructive; willing to
maybe given or disposed of at pleasure. (Gram.) destroy; implacable. —
adv. So as to resemble, or to
The case of a noun which expresses the remoter cause, death; mortally; implacably. Dead'liness, —
object, generally indicated in English by to or for n. —
Dead'ness, n. State of being or seeming dead;
with the objective, —a. (Law.) Capable of being inertness; coldness; indifference.— Dead'en, ded'n,
disposed of at will and pleasure; removable, as dis- v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To impair in vigor,
ting. fr. perpetual, —
said of an officer; given by a force, or sensibility; to lessen the velocity or mo-
magistrate, as disting. fr. being cast upon a party mentum of, retard; to make spiritless; to deprive of
by the law. Pert, to the dative. gloss or brilliancy.
Date, dat, n. The fruit of the date-palm. Date'- — Deaf, def or def, a. Wanting the sense of hearing: un-
-palm, -pam, -tree, n. The genus of willing to hear not to be persuaded.
; Deafen, —
palms bearing dates. v.t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make deaf, stun.
Daub, dawb, v. t. [daubed (dawbd), (Arch.) To render impervious to sound, as a floor,
daubing.] To smear with soft, ad- by filling the spnee beneath it with mortar, etc. —
hesive matter; to plaster to paint in ; Deafness, «.— Deaf -mute, n. One deaf and dumb.
a coarse or unskillful manner to dis- ; Deal, del, v. t. [dkalt (delt), dealing.] To divide,
guise, conceal. —
n. A viscous, sticky distribute to throw out or bestow successively or
;

application. (Paint.) A
picture coarse- indiscriminately. v. i. —
To make distribution; to
ly executed. traffic, trade, carry on business to act, have trans-
Daughter, daw'ter, n. A
female child or actions with, manage, treat, n. part or portion;— ;

A
descendant. —
Daugh/terly, -IT, a. Be- an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent; division
coming a daughter; filial.— Daugb/ter- Date tree. or distribution of cards; portion distributed divis- ;

in-law, n. The wife of one's son. ion of a timber by sawing a pine or fir board or ;

Daunt, dant, v. t. To repress or subdue the courage plank; wood of the pine or fir. Deafer, n. One —
of, dismay, appall, intimidate. —
Dauntless, a. In- who deals; a trader.— Deaf ing, re. Manner of treat-
capable of being, etc.; bold; intrepid. ing others; trade; distribution, as of cards.
Dauphin, daw'fin, n. The eldest son of the king of Dean, den, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate
France, and heir of the crown. Dau'phiness, n. — to a bishop; an officer in universities; head or secre-
Wife of the dauphin. tary of a college faculty.— Dean'ery, -6r-T, n. Office,
Davenport, dav'en-port, n. A writing-table. revenue, residence, or jurisdiction, of a dean. —
Davit, dav'it or da'vit, n. (Naut.) A spar used on Dean'ship, n. Office of, etc. Dec'anal, a. Pert, —
ships, as a crane to hoist the anchor to a deanery.
to the top of the bow. pi. Arms Dear, der, a. Bearing a high price costly marked ; ;

projecting over a. ship's side or by scarcity, and exorbitance of price highly val- ;

stern, having tackle to raise a boat ued; much esteemed greatly beloved precious.—
by- a Iv. Dearly; at a high rate. n.
;

A dear one; dar- — ;

Davy-lamp, da'vT-lamp, n. A lan- ling.— Dear'ly, adv.— Dear'ness, Darling, dark- n—

tern whose light is inclosed within ling, a. Dearly beloved; regarded with tender fond-
wire gauze, as a protection against ness: favorite.— ?;. One who is, etc.— Dearth, dSrth,
explosions of gnses in mines, — n. Scarcity, rendering dear; want; famine; barren-
invented by Sir Humphrey Davy. ness; povertv.
Daw, daw, n. A bird of the crow Davits. Dearborn, der'bSrn, n. A light 4-wheeled carriage.
family; jackdaw. Death, deth, re. Cessation of bodily life decease ; de- ;

Dawdle, daw'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -DUNG.] To mise; dissolution; exit; total privation or loss; man-
waste time in trifling employment, trifle, t. To ner of dying cause, agent, or instrument of loss of
:

waste by trifling. life: a skeleton, as the symbol of death; danger of

Dawn, dawn, v. i. [dawned (dawnd), dawning.] To death. —
Deathless, a. Not subject to death or de-
begin to grow light in the morning, or to open and struction; immortal. —
Death'ly, -IT, a. Resembling
give promise, as the understanding or character.— death or a dead body; deadly; latal.
n. The break of day; first appearance of light; first Debar, de-bar', v. t. [-barred (-bard), -barring.] To
opening or expansion; beginning. cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier ; to
Day, da, n. The period from sunrise to sunset; period shut out, exclude, deny, refuse.
of the earth's revolution on its axis, — divided into Debark, de-bark-', v. t. [-barked (-barkt), -barking.]

i, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DEBASE 96 DECIPHER
To land from a ship or boat, disembark. v. i. To — To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or per-
leave a vessel and pass to the land. fect state, to one of imperfection, weakness, or dis-
Debase, de-biis', v. t. [-based (-bast'), -basing.] To solution to fail; to rot.
: —
v. t. To impair, bring to a
reduce to a lower state of worth, dignity, purity, worse state. —
n. Gradual failure of nealth, sound-
etc.; to abase, degrade, lower.— Debase'ment, n. Act ness, prosperity, etc. decline. Deca'dence, -dency,
; —
of or state of being debased degradation. ; -sT,n. Decay; fall; deterioration.— Deciduous, -sid'-
Debate, de-bat', n. Contention in words or argu- u-us, a. Of temporary existence; shed yearly, as,
ments dispute controversy.
; v. t.;To fight or — leaves or antlers; not perennial or permanent.
strive for, contend for in words or arguments, con- Decease, de-ses', n. Departure, esp. departure from
test, argue, dispute. r. i. —
To engage in strife or this life; death; demise. v. i. —
[deceased (-sesf),
combat, contend, struggle, deliberate. deceasingJ To die. i

Debauch, de-baweh', v. t. T-bauched (-bawcht), [Deceive, de-sev', v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.]

-bauching.] To corrupt in character or principles To lead into error, impose upon, delude, insnare,
to vitiate, pollute, seduce. n. Excess in eating or —
disappoint. —Deceit, -set', n. Attempt or disposi-
;

drinking drunkenness gluttony lewdness an tion to deceive; deception; fraud; imposition. De-
|

—
act of debauchery.
;

—
Debauchee, deb-o-she', n. A
; ; ;

ceit'ful, -ful, a. Trickish; fraudulent. —D6Cep'-

sensual or dissipated person; rake; libertine. De- —
tion, -sep'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that
baucher, -bawch'er, n. —
Debauch/ ery, -er-T, n. Cor- which, etc.; deceit. Decep'tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rY, —
ruption of fidelity indulgence of the appetites; in- a. Tending to, etc.: misleading.
—
;

temperance; lewdness. Debauch'ment, n. Act of ecember, de-sem'ber, n. The 12th or last month in
debauching. the year. Decern 'vir, -ver, n. : E. pi. Decemvirs, —
Debenture, de-ben'ehur, n. A writing acknowledg- -verz, L. pi. -viri, -vT-ri. One of 10 magistrates, who
ing a debt a custom-house certificate entitling an
; had absolute authority in ancient Rome. Decem'- —
exporter of imported goods to a drawback. viral, -vT-ral, a. Pert, to, etc. Decem'virate, -rat, —
Debilitate, de-bil'T-tat, v. t. To make feeble, faint, n. Office or term of office of, etc.; a body of 10 men
or languid to weaken, relax. ; Debility, -ti, n. in authority. —
Decen'nary, -sen'na-ri, n. A period —
State of being feeble, or weak languor infirmity of 10 years. (Law.) A tithing consisting of 10 neigh-
I

; ;

— Decen'nial, -ni-al, a.
i

imbecility. boring families.' Consisting

Debit, debit, n. A
recorded item of debt; debtor side of, or happening once in, etc.— Decillion, -sil'yun, n.
of an account debt. v. t. To charge with debt
; — ;
I

A number consisting, by English notation, of a mil-

enter on the debtor side. —Debt, det, n. That which lion involved to the 10th power, or 1 with 60 ciphers
is due from one to another; obligation; liability; a ! annexed by French or common notation, a thous-
;

duty neglected or violated; fault; crime: trespas's.— and involved to the 11th power, or 1 with 33 ciphers.
Debt'or, -er, n. One who owes another money, goods, See Numeration. —
Decill'ionth, -} unth, a. Pert, r

—
I

or services; one indebted. to, etc.; preceded by a decillion less one. n. The
Debris, da-bre', n. (Geol.) Fragments, taken collec- quotient of 1 divided by, etc. one of a decillion
tively esp., fragments from a mountain, piled up at
; equal parts. —
Decigram, des'l-gram, n. A decimal
;

the base. _Rubbish; remains; ruins. measure of weight equal to 1-10 of a gram, or 1.5438
Debut, da-boo'', n. A
beginning or first attempt; first grains Troy. —
Deciliter, de-sil'T-ter or des'T-le-ter,
appearance, as of an actor, public speaker, etc. n. A decimal measure of capacity 1-10 liter 6.1028 = =
Debutant, -taN', n. One who makes his first appear- cu. inches. —
Dec'imal, des'T-mal, a. Pert, to deci-
ance before the public. Debutante, -taut', n. — A mals; numbered or proceeding by tens. n. num- — A
woman who, etc. [F.] ber expressed in the scale of tens; decimal number;
Decade, dek'ad, n. The sum or number of 10. Dee'- — esp. decimal fraction.— Decimal fractions. Fractions
agon, n. (Geom.) A plane figure of 10 sides and 10 whose denominator is some power of yLi y^Ar,
angles. —
Dec'agram, n. A decimal weight of 10
10, as

grams, or 154.38 grains Trov. Decahe'dron, n. ; pi. — and is not usually expressed, but is signified by a
-dra, -dra. (Geom.) A solid figure having 10 sides. point at the left of the numerator, as .2, .25. Cir- —
— Decahe'dral, a. Having 10 sides. Decaliter, de- — culating or circulatory decimal. A decimal fraction
kal'I-ter or dek'a-li-ter, n. decimal measure of A in which the same figure, or set of figures, is con-
capacity, containing 10 liters, or 610.28 cu. inches= stantly repeated; as, 0.354354354; called also recurring
2 gallons and 64.44 cu. in. Dec'alogue, -log, n. The — decimal. —
Decimate, v. t. To take the tenth part
10 commandments. —
Decal'ogist, -jist, n. One who of, tithe; to select by lot and kill every tenth man
explains the decalogue. Decam'eron, n. work — A of; to destroy a certain portion of .— Decimeter, de-
comprised in 10 books: esp. a collection of tales of sim'e-ter or iies'i-me-ter, n. A decimal measure of
Boccaccio.— Decameter, de-kam'e-ter or dek'a-me- length = 1-10 meter =
3.9371 inches. Decime, da- —
tSr, n. A decimal measure of length 10 meters = = sem', n. A French coin =
1-10 franc, about 2 cents.
393.71 inches. — Decan'drous, -drus, a. (Bot.) Hav- — Decister, des'is-ter, n. A
solid measure, the 1-10
ing 10 stamens. —
Dec'apod, n. (Zo'dl.) A crustacean of a stere, or cubic meter 3.5317 cu. feet. =Decu'- —
with 10 feet or legs, as crabs, lobsters, etc. Dec'- — rion, -ri-un, n. A Roman officer commanding 10 sol-
aster, n. A decimal solid measure 10 steres 10 = = diers. —
[See also under Decade.]
cu. meters =353.166 cu. inches.— Dec'astich, -stik, n. Decent, de'sent, a. Suitable in words, behavior, dress,
A poem consisting of 10 lines. Dee'astyle, -stil, n. — and ceremony; free from obscenity; modest; mod-
(Arch.) A
building having a portico with 10 col- erate, but competent; respectable. De'centness, n. —
—
umns in front. Dec'asyllab'ic, -sil-lab / ik, a. Con- — De'cency, -si, n. State or quality of being decent;
sisting of 10 syllables.— Dec'uple, -u-pl, a. Tenfold; proper formality modesty what is becoming.
multiplied by 10. — n. A number 10 times repeated.
; ;

Deception, Deceptive, etc. See under Deceive.

— v. t. To make tenfold; to multiply by 10. —[See Decide, de-sid', v. t. To determine the result of, settle,
further under December.] end, conclude.— v. i. To determine, form a defi-
Decadence, -dency. See under Decay. nite opinion, come to a conclusion, give decision.
Decamp, de-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kamf), -camp- Decid'ed, a. Free from ambiguity; unequivocal; free
ing.] To move away from a camping-ground, de- from doubt or wavering: determined; positive; un-
part suddenly. — Decamp'ment, n. Departure from, deniable; clear. —
Decid'edly, adv. Decid'er, n.— —
etc. a marching off.
; Decid'able, a. Capable of being, etc. Decision, —
Decanal. See under Dean. -sizh'un, n. Act of settling or terminating, as a con-
Decant, de-kant', v. t. To pour off gently, as liquor troversy; determination; conclusion; account or re-
from its sediment; to pour from one vessel into an- port of a conclusion, esp. of a legal adjudication;
other. —
Decant'er, n. A vessel used to decant liq- quality of being decided; prompt and fixed deter-
uors or receive decanted liquors; one who decants. mination. —
Deci'sive, -siv, a. Having the power or
Decapitate, de-kap'I-tat, v. t. To cut off the head of, quality of deciding a question, etc. marked by
—
;

behead. Decap'ita'tion, n. Act of, etc. promptness and decision; final; conclusive; positive.
Decarbonize, de-kar'bon-iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd),-iziNG.] Deciduous. See under Decay.
To deprive of carbon. Decar'burize, -bu-rlz, v. t.
Same
— Decipher, de-si'fer, v. t. [-petered (-ferd). -phering.]
as Decarbonize. To translate from a cipher into intelligible terms; to
Decay, de-ka', v. i. [decayed (-kad'), decaying.] find out the meaning of, reveal.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Odd, tone, or
 DECK 97 DEEP
Deck, dek, v. t. [decked (dekt), decking.] To cover, — Decorous, de-kolus or dek'o-rus, a. Suitable to
overspread; to dress, clothe, esp. to clothe with ele- the time, place, and occasion becoming; proper;
seemly. — Decorously, de-ko'- of dek'o-, adv. — De-
;

gance, array, adorn; to furnish with a deck, as a

vessel.— n. The floor- like covering of a ship; a pack corousness, de-ko'- or dek'o-, n. — Decolum, n.
of cards. Propriety of speech, manner, etc.; dignity.
Declaim, de-klam', v. i. [-claimed (-klamd'), -claim- Decoy, de-coi', v. t. [-coyed (-koid r ), -coying.] To
ing.] To speak rhetorically, make a formal oration, entice into a snare, lead into danger by artifice, en-
harangue; to speak or talk pompously and elabo- trap, insnare. — n. Anything intended to lead into
rately; to rant. — v. t. To utter in public, deliver in a snare; esp. a sportsman's lure to entice birds into
a rhetorical or set manner. — Declama'tion, n. Act a net or within shot; a place into which wild fowls
or art of, etc.; a set speech; rhetorical display, with are enticed.
—
more sound than sense. Declamatory, -to-rT, a. Decrease, de-kres', v. i. [-creased (-kresf). -creas-
Pert, to, etc.; characterized by rhetorical display; ing.] To become less, 6e diminished gradually. —
without solid sense or argument. v. t. To cause to lessen, make less. n. becom- — A
Declare, de-klSr', v. t. [-claeed (-klard'), -claring.] ing less; gradual diminution decay; wane, as of ;

To make known publicly, publish, proclaim; to as- —

the moon. Declement, n. State of becoming grad-
sert, affirm. {Com.) To make full statement of , as ually less; quantity lost by waste, etc.— Decres'cent,
of goods liable to taxes, duties, etc. —
v. i. To make -kres'ent, a. Decreasing. Decres- —
a declaration, proclaim one's self. (Law.) To state cendo, da-kres-en'do, a. (Mus.)
the plaintiff's cause of action in legal form. De- —
With decreasing volume of sound, ^ecrescenao. D
claredly, -ed-lT, adv. Avowedly explicitly. ; Dec- — —
a direction to performers, written
eeresoenrlr
laration, n. Act of declaring; thing declared; doc- upon the staff, or indicated as in the margin. [It.]
ument by which an assertion is verified. (Law.) Decree, de-kre', n. An
order or decision by a court or
That part of the process or pleadings setting forth other competent authority; law; statute; ordinance;
the plaintiff's cause of complaint; the narration or edict, v. t. —
[decreed (-kred'), -ceeeing.] To de-
counts. — Declarative, -klar'a-tiv, -atory, -to-rT, a. termine judicially by authority, or by decree; to
Making declaration, etc.; explanatory; assertive; af- appoint. —
v. i. To decide authoritatively, determine
firmative. decisively. —
Decre'tal, a. Containing, or pert, to, a
Decline, de-klin', v. i. [-clined (-klind''), -clining.] decree. n. — An
authoritative order or decree; esp.
To bend over or hang down, as from ' w a letter of the pope, determining some question in
weariness, despondency, etc.; to tend towards a ecclesiastical law; a collection of the pope's decrees.
close or extinction; to fail, sink, decay to turn —
Decrelist, n. One versed in the decretals.
—
;

aside, deviate, stray ; to refuse. v. t. To bend Decrepit, de-kreplt, a. Wasted or worn by the in-
downward, depress; to turn away from, refuse to firmities of old age. [Incorrectly written c/ecrepid.]
comply with, reject courteously, shun, avoid. —
Decrepitate, -tat, v. t. To roast or calcine, so as
(Gram.) To inflect in order in the changes of gram- to cause a continual explosion or crackling. v. i. —
matical form.— n. Afalling off; tendency to a worse To crackle, as salts when roasting.
state; deterioration. (Med.) That period of a dis- Decrescendo, Decrescent. See under Decrease.
order when the symptoms abate in violence; a grad- Decretal, etc. See under Decree.
ual wasting away of the physical faculties. Decay; Decry, de-kri', v. t. [-ceied (-krid'), -crying.] To
consumption.— Declin'er, w.— Declin' able, a. That cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless;
may be declined; admitting of inflection. Declen- — to depreciate, detract, disparage.— Decri'al, n. Clam-
sion, -klen'shun, ti. Declination; descent; slope; a orous censure; condemnation by censure.
falling off from excellence deterioration; decay; act Decuple. See under Decade.
;

of courteously refusing; declinature. (Gram.) In- Decurion. See under December. (

flection of a word, according to grammatical forms; Decussate, de-kus'sat, v. t. To cross at an acute
the form of the inflection of a word declined by angle; to intersect or lie upon in the form of an X.
cases.— Dec'linate, -ll-nat, a. (Bot.) Bending down- —
Decus'sate, -sated, a. Crossed; intersected. (Bot.)
ward, in a curve; curved downward; declined.— Growing in pairs, each at right angles to the pair
Declinalion, n. Act or state of bending downward, above or below. (Rhet.) Consisting of 2 rising and
or of falling off from excellence, or of deviating or 2 falling clauses, in alternate opposition to each
turning aside; obliquity; withdrawal. (Gram.) Act other.
of inflecting a word through its various termina- Dedicate, ded'Y-kat, v. t. To set apart and consecrate,
tions. — Decun^atory, -klin r a-to-rT, a. Containing a as to a divinity, or for a sacred purpose; to devote,
refusal. —Declin'ature, -klin'a-chur, n. Act of put- or give wholly or earnestly up to; to inscribe or ad-
ting away or refusing.— Declivity, -kliv'i-ti, n. De- dresses to a patron. a. —
Set apart; consecrated;
viation from a horizontal line; descent of surface; dedicated. —
Dedica'tion, n. Act of, etc. Dedica- —
inclination downward; a descending surface; slope. tory, -to-rT, -to'rial, -ri-al, a. Composing or serving
— Declivous, -kli'vus, -clivitous, -klivl-tus, a. Grad- as a dedication.
ually descending; sloping. Deduce, de-das', v. t. [-duced (-dust'), -ducing.] To
Decoct, de-kokf, v. t. To prepare by boiling, make derive by logical process; to obtain as the result of
an infusion of, prepare for assimilation by the heat reasoning, infer. —
Deductible, -sY-bl, a. Deduct, —
of the stomach, digest. — Decoclion, n. Act of pre- -dukt', v. t. To take away, in calculating; subtract.
paring by boiling; an extract prepared by boiling. —
Deduction, n. Act or method of deducing, in-
Decollate, de-kollat, v. t. To sever the neck of, be- ferring, or concluding; act of deducting or taking
head, decapitate. — Dt*collete\ da'kol-le-ta'', a. Leav- away; that deduced; inference; conclusion; that de-
ing the neck and shoulders bare; low-necked, as a ducted; part taken away; abatement. Deductive, —
dress. [P.] -iv, a. Of, or pert, to, deduction capable of being ;

r
Decompose, de-kom-poz v. t. [-i>osed (-pozd'), -pos- deduced from premises; deducible. —Deductively,
,

ing.] To separate the constituent parts of, set free adv. —

Dedu'cive, -siv, a. Performing the act of de-
from chemical combination, resolve into original duction.
elements, —v. i. To become resolved from existing Deed, ded, n. That which is done, acted, or effected;
combinations; to undergo dissolution.— Decomposi- an act ; illustrious act achievement exploit
; ;

tion, -zish'un, 11. Act of, etc.; analysis; state of power of action agency efficiency. (Law.)
; ; A
being separated; release from previous combinations.
-
sealed instrument in writing, containing some
Decompound, de-kom-pownd' , v. t. To compound or transfer, bargain, or contract, esp. in regard to real
mix with that already compound; to reduce to con- estate. v. t. —
To convey or transfer by deed.
stituent parts, decompose. —
a. Compound of what Deem, dem, v. t. [deemed (demd), deeming.] To
is already compounded. (Bot.) Several times com- conclude on consideration; to think, judge, regard..
pounded or divided, as a leaf or stem. Decom- — v. i. —
To be of opinion, think, estimate.
posite, -pozlt^ a. Compounded more than once. Deep, dep, a. Extending far below the surface; of
Decorate, dek'o-rat, v. t. To adorn, embellish, orna- great perpendicular dimension; extending far back
ment, beautify. — Decoralion, n. Act of decora- from the front; low in situation; hard to penetrate
ting; that which enriches or beautifies; ornament.— or comprehend mysterious profound secret; of
; ; ;

Dec'orative, -tiv, a. Suited to embellish; adorning. penetrating or far-reaching intellect ; thoroughly

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<J6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
7
 DEER 98 DEFT
versed profoundly moving or affecting: penetra-
;
claim of a plaintiff; to contest, as a suit. Defend- —
ting; thorough; profoundly quiet or dark: unmixed; ant,/*. One who makes defense against evil; defend-
sunk low depressed abject strongly colored
; ; ; ; er. (Law.) The party opposing a complaint, demand,
dark; intense; of low tone; grave; heavy.— adv. or charge, at law or in equity. — Defen'sative,
To a great depth; far down; profoundly; deeply. -sa-tiv, n. That which serves to guard or defend,
n. That which is deep, esp. deep water; the ocean; as a plaster for a wound. Defense', -fence', n. —
that which is profound most quiet or profound ;
Act of, state of being, or that which, etc.; protec-
part; the midst; the depth. —Deep 'an, dep'n, v. t. tion guard fortification apology justification.
:

[-ENED (-nd), -ening.] To make deep or increase

;

(Law.) The defendant's answer or plea. De-

; ;

—
the depth of, make darker or more intense, more fenseless, -fenceless, a. Destitute of defense; un-
poignant or affecting, or more grave or low in tone. protected. —
Defen'sible, -st-bl, a. Capable of be-
— v.i. To become more deep. Depth, n. Deep- ing defended.— Defen'sive, -siv, n. Serving to de-
ness; measure of deepness; a deep, or the deepest, or fend; proper for delense carried on by resisting
the middle, part, —
as, depth of winter. attack; in a state or posture to defend. n. That
;

—
Deer, der, n. sing. and;;?. ruminant quadruped of A which defends; a safeguard.
several species, the males Defer, de-fer', v. t. [-fekred (-ferd'), -ferring.] To
of which have antlers. put off, postpone to a future time, delay, adjourn,
Deface, de-las', v. t. protract. v. i.— To put off, delay, wait.
[DEFACED (-last'), -FA- Defer, de-fer', v. t. To lay before, submit respect-
CING.] To destroy or mar fully, refer. — r. i. To yield from respect to the
the face or external ap- wishes of another. —Deference, n. A yielding of
pearance of; to disfigure; judgment or preierence to the opinion of another;
to spoil by obliterating regard; respect. —
Deferen'tial, -shal, a. Express-
important features of. ing deference; accustomed to defer.
De facto, de-fak'to. Actu- Defiance, Defier. etc. See under Defy.

M
ally ; in fact; existing.

Defalcate, de-fal'kat, v. f.
Deficient, Deficit, etc. See under Defect.
Defile, defll', n. A narrow way, in which troops can
march only in a file, or with narrow front a long, ;

To cut off, take away or narrow pass, as between hills, etc. —v. i. To march,
deduct part of, used of — off file by file; to file off.
money, accounts, etc. — Defile, de-ill', v. t. [-filed (-fild'), -filing.] To
Defalcation, n. cut- A make unclean, render ioul or dirty, pollute, cor-
ting oft; diminution; de- rupt; to make impure orturbid; to sully; to tarnish,
Deer.
ficit; withdrawment; that as reputation, etc.; to vitiate to debauch, violate ; ;

cut off; an abstraction of money, etc., by an officer to make ceremonially unclean. — Defil'er, n.— De-
having it in charge; embezzlement. file'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; foulness;
Defame, de-lam', v. t. [-famed (-famd'), -faming.] uncleanness; pollution.
To harm the good fame of by slanderous reports; Define, de-iin',v. t. [-fined (-find'), -fining.] To
to speak evil of asperse, slander, calumniate.
, De- bring to a termination to end to determine the :

fam'er, n. —
Defamation, def-a-ma'shun, n. Mali- boundaries of, mark the limits of to determine
;

cious circulation of reports injurious to another; with precision, fix the precise meaning of, explain,
slander; detraction; aspersion. Defamatory, -to- — expound or interpret. Defin'able, a. Definite, — —
ri, a. Containing defamation. def'I-nit, a. Having certain limits in extent, or in
Default, de-fawlt' n. Omission of what ought to be signification precise fixed exact serving to de- : ;

—
;

—
;

done failure lack destitution. (Lavj.) A neg-

: ; ; fine or restrict. Definitely, nc/y. Defimteness,
lect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to se- n.— Defini'tion, -nish'un, a. Act of defining, dis-
cure the benefit of law. v. i. —
To fail to appear in tinguishing, explaining, etc.; description of athing
court; to let a case go by default. v. t. To fail to — by its properties explanation of the meaning of a
;

perform. (Law.) To call (one who should be pres- word or term. (Log.) An enunciation of the con-
ent in court), and make an entry of his default, if stituents making up the logical essence. —Defini-
he fails to appear. —
Default'er, n. One who makes tive, -tiv, a. Deteiminate; final: conclusive; un-
default or fails to appear in court when called; one conditional.—?!. (Gram.) A word used to define
who fails to account lor money in his care; a delin- or limit the extent of the signification of a common
quent; peculator. noun. —
Definitively, adv. Defin'itiveness, n. —
Defeat, de-fet', n. An overthrow, as of an attack, an Deflagrate, dei'la-gt at, v. i. (Client.) To burn with a
army, etc. rout frustration. v. t. To render — sudden and sparkling combustion. v. t. To cause —
;

—
;

null and void to overcome or vanquish, as an to burn, etc. Deflagra'tion, v. A sparkling com-
;

army; to resist with success, ruin, frustrate. De- — bustion, w-.tiiout explosion. Def lagrator, n. —
feasance, -fe'zans, n. A rendering null or void. Deflect, de-fient', v. i. To turn aside, deviate from a
(Law.) A condition, relating to a deed, which be- right line, proper position or direction: to swerve. —
ing performed, the deed is defeated or rendered v. t. To cause to turn aside.— Deflection, n. Act of,
void; or a collateral deed made at the same time ?
etc. deviation. (NdiH.) Departure of a ship from
;

with a conveyance, containing conditions, on per- its true course. (Opt.) Deviation of the rays of
formance of which the estate then created may be light toward the surface of an opaque body. De- —
defeated. flemre, -flek'shur, n. A bending or turning aside.
Defecate, defe-kat', v. t. To clear from impurities, Deflour, -flower, d'e-nowr', v. t. [-floured or flow-
as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify, purify; to free from ered (-flowrd'), -FLOURING Or -FLOWERING.] To
extraneous or polluting matter, v.i. (Med.) To — deprive of flowers to rob of the choicest ornament,
void excrement. —
a. Freed from anything that can esp. of virginity to ravish, seduce.
;

Deflour'er, —
pollute; refined; purified. Defeca'tion, n. — -fiower'er, n. —
:

Def lora'tion, n. Act of, etc.

Defect, de-fekt', n. Want of something necessary for Deforest, de-for'est, v. t. To clear of forests, destroy
completeness; failing; blemish; fault. Defective, — the trees of.
-iv, a. Wanting in substance, quantity, or quality; Deform, de-i'Srm', r. t. [-formed (-f6rmd'), -form-
incomplete; imperfect; faulty. (Oram.) lacking ing.] To mar or alter in form, disfigure, render dis-
some of the usual forms of declension or conjuga- pleasing or ugly. —
Deform'ity, -T-tT, n. State of be-
tion. —
Defectively, adv. —Defectiveness, n. De- — ing deformed want of symmetry irregularity of
; ;

fecation, n. Act of abandoning a person or cause shape or features ; anything destroying beauty,
to which one is bound: apostasy; backsliding. De- — grace, or propriety; distortion; defect; absurdity.
ficient, -fish'ent, a. Wanting to make up complete- Defraud, de-frawd > , v. t. To deprive of right by
ness; not sufficient; inadequate; short.— Defi'cience, fraud, deception, or artifice: to withhold wrongfully,
-ciency, -shen-sT, n. State of being, etc.; want; fail- injure by embezzlement, cheat, deceive, frustrate.—
ure. — Deficit, -I-sit, n. Deficiency in amount or Defraud'er, n.
quality; lack. Defray, de-fra', v. t. [-frayed (-frad'), -fraying.]
Defend, de-fend', v. t. To repel danger or harm To meet the cost of, bear the expense of.
from, guard from injury. (Law.) To deny, as the Deft, deft, a. Apt; fit; neat. — Deftly, adv.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Sr
 DEFUNCT 99 DELL
Defunct, de-funkt', a. Having finished the course of Dele, de'le, v. t. (Print.) Erase, remove, a direc- —
life; dead; deceased. n. —
dead person. A tion to cancel something which has been put in <x
Defy, de-fi', v. t. [defied (-fid'), -fying.] Orig., to type ; usually expressed as in the margin. Q. —
renounce faith or obligation with, reject. To pro- Delete, -let', v. t. To blot out, erase, destroy.—
voke to combat or strife to act in hostility to call Dele'tion, n. Act of, etc. DeFete'rious, -rf-us, a. —
—
; ;

out to combat, challenge, dare, brave. Defi'ance, Destructive to life ; poisonous pernicious. ;

-ans, n. Act of, etc.; a challenge provocation; state Delectable, Delectation, etc. See under Delicate.
—
;

of opposition. Defi'ant, a. Full of, etc.; bold; in- Delegate, del'e-gat, v. t. To send as one's representa-
solent. tive to commission, depute ; to intrust to the care
Degenerate, de-jen'er-at, v. i. To be or grow worse
;

or management of another, assign, commit. n. —

than one's kind; to be inferior or degraded; to de- One deputed to represent another one elected to ;

teriorate. —
a. Having deteriorated mean base represent the people of a territory in Congress, with
low. —Degen'erateness, n. Degen'era'tion, De- — ; ; ;

the right of debating, but not of voting ; a deputy ;

gen'eracy, -sT, n. Act of becoming, or state of hav- representative; commissioner; attorney.— a. Sent to
ing become degenerate; decay; meanness: poorness. act for another. —
Delega'tion, n. Act of delega-
— Degenerative, -tiv, a. Tending to degenerate. ting appointment of a delegate one or more per-
; ;

Deglutinate, de-glu'tT-nat, v. t. To loosen by dissolv- sons representing others, as in Congress, etc. (Law.)
ing the glue which unites; to unglue. A substitution by which a debtor gives a third per-
Deglutition, deg-lu-tish'un, n. Act or power of swal- son, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor.
lowing. Delenda, Delete, Deleterious, etc. See under Dele.
Degrade, de-grad', v. t. To reduce to a lower rank or Delf delf Delft, Delft'ware, n. Earthen ware, covered
, ,

degree; to deprive of office or dignity; to reduce in with white glazing,_— orig. made at Delft, Holland.
character or reputation; abase. (Geol.) To wear Deliberate, de-lib'er-at, v. t. To weigh in the mind,
down, as hills and mountains. Degrad'ed, p. a. — consider maturely, reflect upon, ponder, v. i. To —
Reduced in rank, character, etc.; sunken; low; base. take counsel with one's self, weigh the arguments
{Nat. Hist.) Presenting the typical characters in an for and against a proposed course of action, reflect,
imperfect condition. —
Degrad'ingly, adv. Deg- — consider, —
a. We-ghing with a view to decision;
radation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. diminu- ; carefully considering probable consequences cir- ;

tion of strength, efficacy, or value. {Geol.) grad- A cumspect; formed with deliberation; well advised;
ual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks, banks, not hasty slow. Delib'erateness, n.
; — Delib'era'- —
etc., by the action of water, frost, etc. tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Delib'erative, -tiv, a. Pert,
Degree, de-gre', n. One step upward or downward, to, or proceeding or acting by deliberation.— Delib'-
in quality, rank, acquirement, etc. grade grada- ; ; eratively, a-lv. In the way of deliberation.
tion; point of progression to which one has arrived; Delicate, del'T-kat, a. Full of pleasure; delightful;
station quality
; extent grade to which scholars
; : pleasing to the senses, or to a nice or cultivated taste;
are admitted in recognition of their attainments by softly tinted, —
said of color; fine or slender, —said
a college or university. {Genealogy.) certain re- A of thread slight or smooth, light and yielding,— said
—
;

move in the line of descent, determining proximity of texture; soft and fair, said of the skin or a sur-
of blood. (Geom.) A
360th part of the circumfer- face ; refined; scrupulous not to offend,— said of
ence of a circle. (Algebra.) State as indicated by manners or feelings; tender, notable to endure hard-
sum of exponents. A
division, space, or interval, ship, —said of constitution, health, etc.; requiring
—
marked on a mathematical instrument, etc., as on a nice handling dainty nicely discriminating.
; ;

thermometer. (Mus.) Difference in elevation be- Del'icacy, -ka-si, n. State or condition of being del-
tween 2 notes. icate; agreeableness to the senses; nicety of form,
Dehort, de-h6rt', v. t. To urge to abstain from, dis- texture, or constitution; frailty or weakness; ex-
suade. treme propriety; susceptibility or tenderness; effem-
See under Deity.
Deicide, Deify, etc. inacy luxury; self-indulgence critical niceness ;
; ;

Deign, dan, v. i. [deigned (dand), deigning.] To that which is pleasing, delicate, or refined; a luxury
think worthy, vouchsafe, condescend, —v. t. To or pleasure; thing pleasant to the senses, esp. to the
condescend to give. sense of taste; a dainty. Del'icately, adv.—'DeV- —
Deity, de'i-tT, n. The collection of attributes which icateness, n. —
Deli'cibus, -lish'us, a. Affording ex-
make up the nature of a god; divinity godhead a quisite pleasure; most grateful to the senses, esp. to
god or goddess.— The deity. God, the Supreme Being.
; ;

the taste. —
Deli'ciously, adv. Deli'ciousness, n.— —
— Delist, n. One who believes in the existence of a Delight, de-lit', n. A
high degree of gratification of
God, but denies revealed religion; one who professes mind; lively happiness; joy; that which affords de-
no form of religion, but follows nature and reason; light. v. t. —
To give great pleasure to to please ;

a freethinker. —
Deist'ic, -ical, a. Pert. ,o deism or highly. —
?-, i. To have or take delight— Delight'ful,

to deists. —
Deist'ically, adv. De'ism, -izm, n. — -ful, -some, -sum, a. Affording, etc. delicious ;
—
;

Doctrine or creed of, etc. —

De'ify, -I-fi, v. t. [-fied charming. —
Delight'fully, adv. Delight'fulness,
(-fid), -fying.] To make a god of, apotheosize to n— Delectable, a. Delightful. Delec'tably, adv. —
treat with supreme regard, render god-like.— Deif'ic,
;

— Delec'tableness, n. Delecta'tion, n. —
-ical, a.
—
—
Making divine. De'ifica'tion, n. Act of,
— Delineate, de-lin'e-at, v. t. To represent by sketch,
etc. De'iform, a. Like a god; of godlike form. design, or diagram; to portray to the mind, depict,
De'icide, -sid, n. Act of killing a divine being, esp. sketch, picture, describe.— Delin'ea'tion, n. Act of,
of putting Christ to death; one concerned in, etc. etc.; description ; portrait outline draught. ; ;

Deject, de-jekt', v. t. To cast down the spirits of, dis- Delinquent, de-link' went, a. Failing in duty; offend-
courage, dishearten, depress.— Deject'edly, adv. In ing Dy neglect of duty. n. One who fails to per-—
a dejected manner; sadry. Deject'edness, n. — De- — form his duty; an offender; one who commits a fault
ject'er, n. —
Dejec'tion, n. Lowness of spirits from or crime. —
Delin'quency, -wen-st, n. Failure or
grief or misfortune; melancholy; weakness. (Med.) omission of duty; fault; crime.
Act of voiding excrement ; matter voided. Dejec'- — Delirium, de-lir'i-um, n. (Med.)
.
state in which A
ture, -jek'chur. n. Excrement. one's ideas are wild, irregular, and unconnected;
Dejeuner, da-zh'e-na', D.'jeune, da-zhen', n. break- A mental aberration. Strong excitement; wild enthu-
fast: lunch. siasm; madness. Delir'ious, -I-us, a.— Suffering
De jure, de-ju're. By right; of right; by law, often from, etc.; wandering in mind; insane.
opp. to de facto. [L.] Deliver, de-liv'er, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To
Dekagram, Dekaliter, etc. See Decagram, etc., un- free from restraint, set at liberty, save from evil; to
der DECADE. give or transfer, part with to, make over; to com-
Delaine, de-lan', n. A fabric for ladies' dress-goods, municate, pronounce, utter, impart; to give forth m
— orig. all wool, now of cotton and wool, or worsted. action, discharge; to relieve of a child in child-birth.
Delay, de-la', v. t. [-layed (-lad'), -laying.] To — Deliv'erer, n.— Deliv'erance, -ans, n. Act of, or
put off, defer ; to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time, state of being, etc. —
Deliv'ery, -Sr-I, ra. Act of , or
retard the motion of, procrastinate, protract. v. i. — state of being, etc.; rescue; release; surrender; ut-
To move slowly, linger, tarry.— n. deferring; A terance; parturition; freedom; preservation.
procrastination a lingering; stay detention.
; ; Dell, del, n. A
small retired dale or valley; ravine.

l, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DELTA 100 DENOMINATE
Delta, del'ta, n.; pi. -tas, -taz. The Greek letter A; the legislative and executive functions are exercised
a triangular tract of land ; esp. the by the people or by persons representing them: prin-
space between 2 mouths of a river. ciples held by one of the political parties of the U.
(Geol.) Alluvial flats formed about S. —
Dem'ocrat, re. An adherent or promoter of, etc.
diverging mouths of a river. Del'- — — Democratic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or favoring, etc.;
toid, a. Like the Greek A; triangular constructed upon the principle of popular govern-
— Deltoid leaf. (Bot.) One of triangu- ment favoring popular rights.
:

lar form. —
D. muscle. (Anat.) The Demolish, de-mol'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.]
muscle in the shoulder which moves To throw or pull down, pull to pieces, ruin, over-
the arm directly upward. ; throw, destroy, raze. —
Demol'isher, ».— Demoli-
Delude, de-lud', v. t. To lead from tion, -lish /'un, re. Act of, etc.; destruction.
truth or into error, mislead the judg- Demon, de'mun, re. (Gr. Antiq.) spirit holding a A
ment of; to frustrate or disappoint: to Uenoia
r> olf ^,q i«„f middle place between men and gods; a departed
deceive, beguile, cheat. -
Delu'sion,
leat -
soul. An
evil spirit devil. Demoniac, de-mo'ni-
; —
-zhun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: false belief; ak, -niacal, dem-o-ni'ak-al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.
error; illusion; fallacy. —
Delu'sive, -siv, a. Fitted influenced by evil spirits; devilish. Demo'niac, re. —
or tending to mislead. —
Delu'sory, -so-ri, a. Apt to A human being possessed by, etc.
delude. Demonetize, de-mon'e-tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd),
Deluge, del'uj, n. An overflowing of the land by -tizixg.] To deprive of value, or withdraw from
water; an inundation; esp. the flood in the days of use, as currency. —
Demon'etiza'tion, re. Process
Noah; anything which overwhelms, as a great ca- of, or state of being, etc.
lamity, —v. t. [deluged (-ujd), -ugixg.] To over- Demonstrate, dem'on- or de-mon'strat, v. t. To point
flow, as with w ater, inundate, drown;
T
to overwhelm out. indicate, exhibit; to show, prove, or establish
under a general calamity. so as to exclude doubt or denial. (Anat.) To ex-
Delve, delv,v. t. [delved (delvd), delvixg.] To dig; hibit and describe the parts of a dead body, when
to open with a spade; to fathom, penetrate, trace dissected. —
Demonstra'tion, re. Act of, etc."; proof;
out. — v. i. To labor with the spade. manifestation of feelings by outward signs. (Anat.)
Demagogue, dem'a-gog, n. One who controls the mul- Exhibition of parts of a subject prepared by the dis-
titude by specious or deceitful arts; an artful politi- sector. (Logic.) Act of proving by syllogistic pro-
cal orator. cess. (Math.) A course of reasoning showing that a
Domain. See Demesne. certain result is a necessary consequence of assumed
Demand, de-mand', v. t. To ask or call for, as one premises. (Mil.) A
decisive exhibition of force, or
who has a claim, right, or power, to enforce the a movement indicating an intention. Demon- —
claim; to make requisition of to inquire earnestly; strative, -tiv, a. Tending to demonstrate ; having
or authoritatively, question: to require as necessary; the power of demonstration expressing feeling, ;

to be in urgent need of. {Laic.) To call into court, thoughts, etc. frank open. Demonstrative pronoun
:

—
;

summon. v. i. To make a demand, ask, inquire! (Gram.) One distinctly designating that to which
— re. Act of. etc.; requisition; exaction; earnest in- it refers. —
Demon'stratively, adv. Dem'onstra'- —
quiry; question; diligent search; manifested want; tor, re. One who, etc. — Demon'stratory, -ft, a.
thing claimed; claim. Tending to, etc.
Demarcation, -kation, de-mar-ka'shun, n. Act of Demoralize, de-mor'al-iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.]
marking, or of setting a limit; division; separation; To destroy or undermine the morals of; to render
a limit ascertained and fixed. corrupt in morals, discipline, courage, etc.
Demean, de-men', v. t. [-meaxed (-mend'), -meaxixg.] Demur, de-mer', v. i. [-mukked (-merd"), -mcrrixg.]
To manage, conduct, treat, deport. To debase, lower, To delay, pause, suspend proceedings in view of a
degrade. [A blundering formation fr. E. mean, doubt or difficulty. (Laiv.) To raise an objection,
base.]— Demean'or, -er, re. Manner of behaving; and abide upon it for decision by the court. re. —
conduct; deportment; mien. Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding suspense
Dementia, de-men'shl-a, n. Loss of mental power as of decision or action. —
Demur'rer, n. One who
;

a result of brain-disease. demurs. (Law.) A

stop in an action upon a point
Demerit, de-mer^t, n. That which deserves blame or to be determined by the court before further pro-
detracts from_merit fault crime vice.
; ; : ceedings can be had.
Demesne, de-men', -main', -man, n. (Law.) The chief Demure, de-mur', a. Of sober or serious mien of ;

manor-place, with that part of its lands not granted modest appearance grave modest in outward
; ;

out in tenancy. seeming only; making a show of gravity.

Demicadence, dem'I-ka'dens, n. (Jfvs.) An imperfect Den, den, re. A cave or hollow place in the earth, for
cadence, or one that falls on any other than the key- concealment, shelter, or security a customary ;

note. —Demi-god, n. A fabulous hero, half divine, place of resort; haunt; retreat, —v. i. To dwell as
produced by the cohabitation of a deitv with a mor- in a den.
tal.— Dem'i-lune, -lun, n. (Fort.) A wofk beyond the Dengue, den'ga, re. A violent fever, with rheuma-
main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain tism, epidemic in tropical countries, called also —
between 2 bastions, to defend the curtain: a ravelin. dandy-, bouquet-, and bucket- fever. .

See Eavelix.— Dem'i-monde', -moxd', n. The lower Deniable, Denial, etc. See under Dexy.
half of society; persons of doubtful reputation; esp. Denim, den'im, re. A
coarse cotton drilling used for
women kept as mis- overalls, etc.
tresses. — DemT- —jQ _ Denizen, den'T-zn, re. An adopted or naturalized
sem /'i-qua/ ver.-k\va /- -M y # w—r- citizen; a stranger admitted to residence in a for-
ver,w. {Mas.) A short f%^ v.t. [-zexed
note, equal in time \tt7
to the half of a semi- "^f
\ 'f.
:J\
& —* eign country; dweller: inhabitant.
(-znd), -zexixg.J To make a denizen, provide with
denizens.
quaver, or l-32d part CV Demi-semi-quavers, Dennet, den'net, n. A 2-wheeled carriage, like a gig.
of whole note. Denominate, de-nom'T-nat, v. t. To give a name or
Demijohn, dem'T-jon. ??. A glass bottle with large epithet to, entitle, name, designate. —a. Having a
body and small neck, inclosed in wicker-work. specific name; specified in the concrete as opposed
Demise, de-miz', n. Transmission by formal act or to abstract. —
Denom / ina ,tion, re. Act of, etc. that ;

conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; by which anything is styled; a name, esp. a general
decease of a royal, princely, or distinguished per- name indicating a class'of like individuals; a class,
son. (Law.) Convevance 'or transfer of an estate. or collection of individuals, called by the same
— v. t. [demised (-mizdO., -misixg.] To transfer or —
name; a sect. Denom'ina'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.
transmit by succession or inheritance: to bequeath; — Denom'inative, -tiv, a. Conferring or possessing,
to lease. —
Demi'sable, -za-bl, a. Demis'sion. — etc.; derived from a substantive or adjective.— re.
-mish'un, re. Act of, or state of being, etc.; degra- (Gram.) A
verb formed from a noun either sub-
dation; humiliation. stantive or adjective. —
Denomlna'tor, -ter, n. One
Democracy, de-mok'ra-sY, re. A
form of government who, or that which, gives a name. (Arith.) The
in which supreme power is vested in the people, and number below the line in vulgar fractions, showing
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 DENOTE 101 DEPRIVE
into how many parts the integer
divided. {Alg.) is blood-letting. —
Depie'tory, -to-ri, a. Calculated
That part of any expression below the horizontal to deplete.
line signifying division. Deplore, de-plor', v. t. [-ploked (-plordO, -ploring.]
Denote, de-hot', v. t. To indicate, point out, mark; To feel or express deep grief for; to weep, convey as
to be the sign of, signify, mean, intend. Denot /'- — tokens of grief, mourn, lament, bemoan. —
Deplbr''-
able, a. —
Den'ota/tion, n. sr, n. —
Deplor'able, a. Pitiable ; sad calamitous ;

— Deplor'ableness, n. — Deplor'ably, adv.

;

Denouement, da-noo'moN, n. The catastrophe, esp. wretched.

of a drama, romance, etc.; solution of a mystery; Lamentably: miserably.
issue; event. Deploy, de-ploi', v. t. [-ployed (-ploid''), -ploying.]
Denounce, de-nowns', v. t. [-nouxced (-nownsf), {Mil.) To open, extend, display. v. i. —
To open,
-NOUNCISG.] To give formal or official notice of, extend in line.
announce, declare to threaten by some outward
; Depone, de-pon'. v.t. [-poned (-pond'), -poning.] To
expression to point out as deserving of punish- assert under oath, make deposition of depose. v.
;

ment, inform against, stigmatize. Denun'ciate, — i. To testify under oath, assert. —

Depo'nent, a.
,

-shf-at, v. t. To denounce. Denun'cia'tion. n. — {Gram.) Having a passive form with an active

Act of, etc.; that by which anything is denounced; meaning, —
said of certain verbs. n. {Law.) One
public accusation. —
Denun'cia'tor 7 n. Denunci- — who gives a deposition under oath. {Gram.) A de-
atory, -to-rl, a. Containing, etc.; accusing. ponent verb.
Dense, dens, a. Having the constituent parts closely Depopulate, de-pop' u-lat, v. t. To deprive of inhabi-
united; close; compact. —
Den'sity, -sT-tT, b. Qual- tants, dispeople. v. i. —
To become dispeopled. —
ity of being, etc. {Physics.} The proportion of solid Depop'ula'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
matter to a given bulk or volume. Deport, de-port', v. t. ,To transport, carry away, ex-
Dent, dent, n. The mark made by a blow; indenta- ile to demean, conduct, behave. Deporta'tion, —
tion. —
v. t. To make a dent upon, indent. n.
;

Act of, or state of being, etc.: banishment; trans-

Dental, den'tal, a. Pert, to the teeth. {Gram.)
— n.
portation. —
Deport'ment, n. Manner of deporting
Formed by aid of the teeth, etc. An ar- one's self, esp. with respect to the courtesies and du-
ticulation formed by aid of the teeth or gum of ties of life;_demeanor: conduct.
_
the teeth.— Den'til, n. (Arch.) An ornamental pro- Depose, de-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] To
jection in cornices. —Den 'tist, n. One who cleans, reduce from a throne or high station, degrade, di-
extracts, repairs, or fills natural teeth, and inserts vest of office; to bear written testimony to, aver
artificial ones. —
Den'tistry, -rl, n. Art or profes- —
upon oath. v. i. To bear witness, testify by depo-
sion of a dentist. —
Denature, -ture, n. An artificial sition. —
Depos'al, u. Act of divesting of office.—
tooth or set of teeth. —
Denti'tion, -tisb/un, n. Pro- Depos'er, n. One who, etc.— Depos'it, -p5z-, v.t. To
cess of cutting the teeth. {Zo'dl.) System of teeth lay down, place, put; to lay away for safe keeping,
peculiar to an animal. store; to commit to the custody of another: esp. to
Denude, de-nud', v. t. To divest of all covering, place in a bank, as money, to be drawn at will. n. —
make bare or naked, strip. That which is deposed, or laid down, esp. matter
Denunciate, Denunciatory, etc. See under Denounce. precipitated from solution in liquid; that intrusted
Deny, de-ni', v. t. [denied (-nld), denying.] To to the care of another. —
Depositary, -Ti-ta-rf, n.
contradict, gainsay, declare not to be true; to re- One with whom anything is left in trust a trus- :

fuse, reject to refuse to grant, withhold

; to dis- ; tee guardian. {Law.) One to whom goods are
;

claim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to bailed, to be kept for the bailor without recompense.
disown, abjure. —
Deni'al, n. Act of, etc. assertion ; — Deposition, -zish'un, n. Act of deposing or de-
of the untruth of a statement contradiction refus- ; ; positing; precipitation; act of setting aside a public
al disavowal.
; officer; displacement; removal; thing deposited; sed-
Deodorize, de-o'der-iz, v. t. To deprive of odor, esp. iment. {Law.) Testimony taken down in writing,
of bad odor from impurities. Deo'dorizer, n. — under oath or affirmation; affidavit. Depositor, —
Depart, de-part', v. i. To go forth or away; to quit, -T-ter, n. One who makes a deposit. —Depository,
leave, or separate from a place or person; to quit this -t-to-rt, n. Place where anything is deposited for
world, die. —
v. t. To leave, retire from sale or keeping. —
Depot, de-po' or de'po. n. A
ment, n. A
part or portion; a distinct course of life, place of deposit; warehouse; storehouse. {Mil.) A
action, study, etc.; subdivision of business; esp. one station where stores are kept, or recruits assembled
of the principal divisions of executive government; and drilled; the headquarters of a regiment. rail- A
territorial division; esp. one for governmental pur- road station.
poses; a military subdivision of a country: sphere; v. t. [-pbaved (-pravd'), -pra- Deprave, de-prav',
province: district. —
Departmental, a. Pert, to, etc.ving.] To make bad or worse, corrupt, contaminate.
— Departure, -par'chur, n. Act of departing: death; — Deprav'ity, -prav'Y-tT, n. The state of being cor-
abandonment, as of a"rule of duty, action, plan, etc. rupted; extreme wickedness.
{Navigation & Surv.) Distance east or west from Deprecate, dep're-kat, v. t. To seek to avert by
the meridian from which a ship or course departs. prayer, pray for deliverance from, regret deeply.
Depend, de-pend', v. i. To hang; to be sustained by — Depreca'tion, n. Act of deprecating: prayer that
something above; to be in suspense, remain unde- evil may be removed entreaty for pardon. — Dep'- ;

termined; to rely for support, stand related to any- recatory, -rY a. Serving to deprecate tending to
, ;

thing, as to a cause or condition; to trust, confide, avert evil by praver.

rely to be in a condition of service.
; Depend'ent, — Depreciate, de-pre^sM-at, v. t. To lessen in price; to
-ant, a. Hanging down; relying on, or subject to
"
represent as of little value, disparage, traduce, de-
something else for support ;" conditional ; subordi- tract, underrate. —
v. i. To fall in value, become of
nate. n. —
One who, or that which, etc.; one sus- less worth, sink in estimation. —
Depre'cia'tion, /<.
tained by, or relying on, another; a retainer; a corol- Act or state of, etc. reduction of worth. Depre'-
; —
lary ; consequence. —
Dependence, -ens, n. Actor cia'tive, -tiv, a. Inclined to underrate tending to
state of. etc.; mutual connection and support; con- depreciate. —
Depre'cia'tor, -ter, n. Deprecia- — ;

catenation; inter-relation; subjection to the direction tory, -to-rf, a. Tending to depreciate.

of another; inability to provide for one's self; reli- Depredate, dep're-dat, v. t. To subject to plunder
ance; trust; thing dependent. —Dependency, -sT, n. and pillage; to despoil, lay waste; to* destroy by eat-
State of being, etc.; thing hanging; that attached to ing, devour.
something else as its consequence, subordinate, sat- Depress, de-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press-
ellite, etc.; a territory remote from the state to which ing.] To
press down, cause to sink, let fall; to bring
it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony. — down or humble; to cast a gloom upon; to embar-
Depend'ently, adv. — Depend'er, n. rass, as trade,commerce, etc.; to lessen the price of,
Depict, de-pikf, v. t. To form a painting or picture —
cheapen. Depression, -presh'un, n. Act of, or state
of, portray; to represent in words, describe. of being, etc. a falling in of the surface a cavity
; ;

Deplete, de-plef, v. t. {Med.) To empty, as the ves- or hollow humiliation dejection despondency ;
: ; ;

sels of the human system, by venesection; to ex- embarrassment or hindrance, as of trade, etc.
haust the strength, vital powers, or resources of. — I

Deprive, de-priv', v. t. [-prived (-prlvdQ, -priving.]

Deple'tion. n. Act of, etc. {Med.) Venesection ; To take away, remove; to dispossess, divest, divest
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 DEPTH 102 DESIGN
of office, depose, dispossess of dignity, esp. ecclesi- — Descant', ». *". To sing a variation or accompani-
astical ; to strip, bereave, rob, despoil. Depri- — ment ; to comment, discourse with particularity.
vation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Eccl. Law.) Descend, de-send', v. i. To pass to a lower place to ;

The taking away from a clergyman his benefice or come or go down in any way, etc. to plunge, fall ;

dignity. to make an from a vantage-ground to

attack, as if ;

Depth. See under Deep. lower one's self, condescend; to pass from the more
Depute, de-put', v. t. To appoint as substitute or general or important to the particular or more trivial;
agent; to delegate. —
Dep'uta'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; to be derived, proceed by generation or by transmis-
person or persons deputed by another party to act sion. (Astron.) To move to the southward. (Mus.)
on his behalf. —
Dep'utize, -tiz, v. t. To depute. — To fall in tone, pass from a higher to a lower tone.
Dep'uty, -tT, n. One appointed as the substitute of — v. t. To go down upon or along to pass from
—
;

another, and empowered to act for him; lieutenant; the top to the bottom of. Descend'ant, n. One
delegate; envoy: agent; vicar. who descends, as offspring, however remotely. —
Derange, de-rahj', ?». t. [-ranged (-ranjd'), -ran- Descend'ent, a. Descending proceeding from an
ging.] To put out of place, order, or rank, throw ancestor or source.— Descend'er, n. Descend'ible,
;

—
into confusion or disorder, disturb in the action or a. Admitting descent; capable of being transmitted
function, render insane to displace, unsettle, dis- ; by inheritance. —
Descendibility, «.— Descen'sion,
concert. —
Derange'ment, n. Act of, or state of be- -sen'shun, n. Act of going downward; descent; deg-
ing, etc. ; disorder; esp. mental disorder ; insanity; radation. —
Descen'sional, a. Pert, to, etc. De- —
lunacy; mania. scen'sive, -siv, a. Descending; tending downward;
Derelict, der'e-likt, n. Forsaken by the natural own- having power to descend.— Descent', n. Act of, etc.;
er or guardian abandoned abandoning responsi- : incursion sudden attack progress downward, as
—
; ; ;

bility ; unfaithful. n. (Law.) thing volunta- A in station, virtue, etc., from the more to the less im-
rily abandoned by its proper owner ; a tract of land portant, from the better to the worse, from a higher
left dry by the sea. —
Dereliction, n. Act of leav- to a lower tone, etc. derivation as from an ances- :

ing with an intention not to reclaim ; state of being, tor lineage

: birth extraction ; transmission by ; ;

etc.; unfaithfulness. (Law.) The gaining of land succession or inheritance; sloping surface decliv- ;

from the sea. ity; thing derived; descendants issue a step in the : ;

Deride, de-rid', v. t. To laugh at with contempt, turn process of derivation a generation. ;

mock, taunt.— Derid'er, ».— Derid'ingly,

to ridicule, Describe, de-skrlb', v. t. [-scribed (-skrtbd'), -scri-
adv. —
Deris 'ion, -rizh'un. n. Act of, or state of be- bing.] To form or represent by lines, real or imagi-
ing, etc. an object of contempt
; laughing-stock : ; nary to sketch in writing, give an account of, rep-
;

scorn ; mockery insult. Deri'sive, -siv, a. Ex-

: — resent, recount, explain, depict to have or use the :

pressing, or characterized by, derision. Deri'sive- — power of describing.— Description, -skrlp'shun. n.

ly, adv. —
Deri'sory, -so-rT. a. Mocking derisive. : Act of describing sketch of anything in words ; ;

Derive, de-nv', v. t. [-k:\ed (-rlvd'), -hiving.] To class to which a representation applies qualities ;

receive, as from a source, obtain by transmission : distinguishing such a class. Descrip'tive, -tiv, a. —
to trace the origin, descent, or derivation of, recog- Tending to, or having the quality of, etc. contain- ;

nize transmission of. deduce, infer, draw. v. i. To — ing description. Descriptively, adv. — Descry, —
flow, proceed, be deduced. Deriv'able, a. Ca- — de-skri', v. t. [-scried (-skrid'), -scrying.] To dis-
pable of being, etc. transmissible inferable. — cover by the eye, as distant objects, faintly seen,
—
; ; I

Derivation, a. Act of procuring an effect from a !

espy, detect, discern. Descri'er, n.
cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, j
Desecrate, des'e-krat, v. t. To divest of a sacred
truth from testimony, conclusions or opinions from I character: to treat sacrilegiously.
evidence act of tracing origin, as in grammar or
; I
Desert, de-zert', n. reward. See under Deserve.A
genealogy state or method of being derived; thing
;
j
Desert, de-zert', v. t. To part from, end connection
derived; derivative; deduction. (Math.) Operation with. (Mil.) To leave without permission, forsake
of deducing one function from another according to in violation of duty. v. i. To quit a service with- —
some fixed law. (Med.) drawing of humors from A out permission, run away. Des'ert, a. Forsaken; —
one part of the body to another.— Deriv'ative, -rTv'- without life or cultivation: waste: barren; desolate.
a-tiv, a. Obtained by derivation: secondary.— n. An\-- — n. A
deserted or forsaken tract of land; a wilder-
thing obtained, or deduced, from another. (Gram.) ness solitude.
: Desert'er, n. —
One who forsakes
A word formed from another word. (Mus.) A his duty, post, party, or friend esp. a soldier or ;

chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another seaman who quits the service without leave. De- —
by inversion. (Med.) That adapted to produce a sertion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
derivation. (Math.) A function expressing the re- Deserve, de-zgrv', v. t, [-served (-zervd'), -serving.]
lation between two consecutive states of a varying To earn by service, merit, be entitled to. v. i. To —
function. —
Derivatively, adv.
j

be worthy of recompense. Deserv'er, «.—Desert', —

Derm, derm, n. The natural covering of an animal; n. Thing deserved reward or punishment merited; ;

—
i

skin. worth; due.— Deserv'edly, adv. Justly. Deserv'-

Derogate, der'o-gat, in part, repeal
v. t. To annul ;
ingly, adv. In a deserving manner.
partly, restrict to detract from, disparage, depreci- Deshabille,
)eshabi dcs-a-bii_', n. An undress careless toilet.
ate. —v. i.
;

To take away, detract. a. Diminished — !

Desiccate, des'ik-kat or de-sik'kat, v. t. To exhaust

;

in value ; damaged. — Derogation, n- Act of, etc. of moisture; to dry.

(Stock Exchange.) An alteration or lessening of a Desiderate, Desideratum, etc. See under Desire.
contract to sell stocks. —
Derog'atory, -to-ri, a. Design, de-sin' or -zm', v. t. [-signed (-smd' or
Tending to, etc. injurious. Derog'atorily, adv.
; — -zind'), -signing.] To draw the preliminary out-
Derrick, der'rik, n. A
mast supported at the top
j'

line of, sketch for a model; to mark out and exhibit,

by stays or guys, with tackle for raising heavy appoint, designate to form a plan of, contrive to ; ;

weights.—Dei~rick crane. A crane, intend or purpose, —v. i. To have a purpose, in-

the boom or derrick of which can tend.— n. A
preliminary sketch; plan preliminary ;

be brought to different angles with conception scheme contrivance

: adaptation of ; ;

the upright. means to a preconceived end object for which one ;

Derringer, dSr'rin-je'r, n.
barreled, large-bored pistol.
short- A ^ plans; aim: intent; decorative figures, as of a medal,
embroidery, etc.— Design'edly, -IT, adv. By design:
Dervis, -vise, der'vis, Der'vish, n. intentionallv. —
Design'able, a. Capable of being
A Turkish or Persian monk esp., ; marked out— Designate, des'ig-nat, v. t. To mark
one who professes poverty and out and make known, indicate, call by a distinctive
leads an austere life. title, denominate, style: to point out by distinguish-
Descant, des'kant, n. A variation ing from others; to set apart for a purpose or duty.
of an air a discourse formed on
;
— Designa'tion, n. Act of, etc.; indicaiion: selection
its theme, like variations on a mu- and appointment for a purpose; that which desig-
sical air a comment. (Mus.) The
: nates: appellation; use or application: signification.
highest part in a score soprano ; ; Des'ignative, -tiv, Serving to indicate.— Des'-
a composition in parts art of composing in parts. ; ignator, -ter, n.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 DESIPIENT 103 DETERMINE
DesiDient, de-sip'Y-ent, a. Trifling foolish. ; end. — Des'tiny, -ti-nY, n. That to which one is
Desire, de-zlr', v. t. [-sired (-zird'), -siring.] To destined; fate; doom; thefixed order of things; the
long for the enjoyment or possession of, wish for, power conceived of as determining the future.—
express a wish for, entreat, request. n. Natural Des'tinist, n. A believer in destiny; fatalist.
eagerness to obtain any good expressed wish peti- Destitute, des'tY-tut, a. In want; devoid; deficient;
— —
; ;

tion object of longing ; inclination. Desir'ous, lacking; needy; indigent. Destitution, n. State
—
;

-us, a. Feeling desire: covetous; eager. Desir'- or condition of being, etc.; deprivation; poverty.
ously, adv. —
Desir'ousness, n. Desir'able, a. — Destroy, de-stroi', v. t. [-stroyed (-stroid'), -stkoy-
Worthy of, etc. ; fitted to excite a wish to possess.— ing.] To pull down, break up the structure and
Desir'ably. -blT, adv. Desir'ableness, n. —
Desid'- — organic existence of; to bring to naught, put an end
erate, -sid'er-at, v. t. To be' sensible of tlie lack of; to, esp. to the life, prosperity, or beauty of; to de-
to want, miss, desire. —
Desid'erative, -tiv, a. Ex- molish, ruin, annihilate, kill. —
Destroy'er, n. —
pressing or denoting desire. n. An object of de- — Destructible, a. Liable to, or capable of being,
sire desideratum.
: {Grain.) A verb formed from etc.— Destruc'tibil'ity, -Y-tY, 7*.— Destruction, n.
another by change of termination, and expressing Act of or state of bein»r, etc.: destroying agency;
,

desire of doing what is indicated by the primitive cause of ruin. — Destruc'tionist, n. One who de-
verb. —
Desid'era'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta. That of lights in destroying that which is valuable. (Thenl.)
which the lack is felt a want generally acknowl- One who believes in the final destruction of the
edged.
;

wicked. —
Destructive, -tiv, a. Causing destruc-
Desist, de-sist', v. i. To stand aside, cease to proceed tion; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devas-
or act, forbear. tation mortal
; ; deadly ruinous mischievous.
; ;
—
Desk, desk, n. A
table with a sloping top; frame or n. One who destroys a radical reformer; destruc-
case; pulpit; the clerical profession. tionist. — ;

Destructively, adv. —
Destruc'tiveness,
Desman, des'man, ; -mans, -manz. An amphib-
n. pi. n. Quality of destroying. (Phren.) The faculty
ious animal; the musk-rat. which impels to, etc. See Phrenology.
Desmine, des'min, ». (Min.) A mineral that crystal- Desuetude, des'we-tud, n. Cessation of use; discon-
lizes in little silken tufts stilbite. Desmol'ogy, ; — tinuance of practice, custom, etc.: disuse.
-ji, n. (Plu/sioL) Science of the ligaments. Desultory, des'ul-to-rY, a. Leaping from one subject
Desolate, des'o-lat, v. I. To deprive of inhabitants, to another, without rational connection; without
make desert; to lay waste, ruin, ravage.— a. Des- logical sequence disconnected
; rambling loose.
; ;

titute of inhabitants; laid waste, in a ruinous con- Detach, de-tach', v. t. [-tached (-tacht'), -tach-
dition: left alone; without a companion; afflicted. ing.] To part, separate, disunite: to separate for a
— Desola'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a special object, — used esp. in military language.—
desolate place or country ruin ; havoc devasta- ; ; Detacb/ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ;
tion: ravage; destitution; gloom. thing detached, esp. a body of troops or part of a
Despair, de-spar', v. i. [-spaired (-spard'), -spair- fleet detailed for special service.
ing.] To be without hope; to give up all expecta- Detail, de-tal', v. t. [-tailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To
tion, despond. n. Loss of hope— that which is ; relate in particulars, particularize. (Mil.) To ap-
despaired of. —
Des'pera'do, -per-a'do, n. desper- A point for a particular service. —Detail, de'tal or
ate fellow; one urged by furious passions; madman. de-tal', n. A minute portion; a particular, used —
— Des'perate, -at, a. Beyond hope despaired of; ; chiefly in the plural; a narrative of minute points.
past cure; proceeding from despair; without regard (Mil.) The selection for a particular service of a
to danger or safety rash ; headlong frantic. — person or company; person or company so selected.
—
;

—
;

Des'perately, adv. Des'perateness, n. Despera'- Detain, de-tan"', v. t" [-TAiNEU(-tand'), -taixing.] To

tion, n. Act of despairing state of despair or hope- ; keep back or from, restrain from proceeding, hold
lessness. in custody, arrest, check, delay, hinder. —
Detain'-
Despatch. See Dispatch. er, re. One who detains. (Law.) Detention of what
Despise, de-spiz', v. t. [-spised (-spizd'), -spising.] is another's, even when the original taking was law-
To look upon with contempt, have a low opinion ful. (Enn. Law.) A writ authorizing a prison-
of, disdain, undervalue. Despicable, a. Fit to — keeper to keep a person in custody. —Detain 'ment,
be despised mean pitiful paltry sordid base; n. Act of detaining. —Detain'' der, n. (Law.) A
—
; ; ; : ;

degrading. Des'picableness, n. Des'picably, — writ. — Detinue, -T-nu, ?;. A person or thing de-
-blT, adv. —
Despite', -spit', n. Extreme malice; tained.— Detent', n. (Mech.) That which locks or
angry hatred an act prompted by hatred.
; prep. — unlocks a movement, as wheelwork in a clock.
In spite of notwithstanding.
; Deten'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. re- ;

Despoil, de-spoil"', v. t. [-spoiled (-spoild'), -spoil- straint; delay.

ing.] To strip or divest, as of clothinsr to rob, be- ; Detect, de-tekt', v. t. To uncover, find out, bring to
reave, rifle. —
Despo'lia'tion, n. Act of, or state of light, discover, expose. —
Detect'er, -or, -Sr, n. De- —
being, etc. tec'tion, n. Act of, etc.; discovery. —
Detective,
Despond, de-spond', z'- i. To give up, abandon hope, -iv, a. Fitted for, skilled, or employed in, etc. n. —
become depressed. —
Despoiid'ence, -ency, -en-sT, A policeman whose business is to de'tect rogues.
n. State of desponding; discouragement; deiec- Deter, de-ter', v. t. [-terred (-terd'), -terking.] To
tion. —Despond'ent, a. Marked by, or given' to, prevent by fear; to hinder or prevent by opposing
etc.— Despond'ently, -ingly, adv. Despond'er, n. — motives from doing that to which one is impelled.
Despot, des'pot, n. One who possesses absolute power — Deter 'ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which, etc. —
over another; esp. a sovereign invested with abso- Deter'rent, -ter'rent, a. Tending to, etc.
lute power one who rules regardless of a constitu- Deteriorate, de-te'rY-o-rat, v. i. To make worse. v. —
—
;

tion or laws a tyrant. ;Despotic, -ical, a. Hav- i. To grow worse, be impaired in quality, degen-
ing the character of, or pert, to, a despot absolute
—
; erate. — Dete'riora'tion, n.
in power tyrannical arbitrary. Despotically, Determine, de-ter'min, v. t. [-mined (-mind), -'min-
—
; ;

adv. Des'potism, -izm, n. The power, spirit, or ing.] To fix the boundaries of, mark off and sepa-
principles or, etc. tyranny a government directed
; ; rate, set bounds to, bring to an end, fix the form or
by, etc.: absolutism; autocracy. character of; to bring about, as a cause, an effect; to
Dessert, dez-zert', n. A service of pastry, fruits, etc., fix the course of, impel, direct, ascertain definitely,
after an entertainment. settle by authoritative sentence, resolve on, bring to
Destemper, des-tem'per. Distem'per, n. (Paint.) A a conclusion or resolve. (Lonic.) To define or limit
peculiar sort of painting with opaque colors, ground by adding a differentia. (plnisit:al Sr.) To ascer-
and diluted with water, glue, etc. tain the quantity of. —v. i. To come to a decision,
Destine, des'tin, v. t. [-tined (-tind), -tinixg.] To limit, settle, shape, decide. —
Deter'miner, n. De- —
determine the future condition or application of, ter'minable, a. — Deter 'minant, n. That which
set apart by design; to fix, as by an authoritative serves to determine. (Math.) The sum of a series
decree, design, devote, ordain, allot, bind. Des- — of products of several numbers, formed according to
tination, n. Act of destining or appointing that ; specified laws. —Deter 'minate, -nat, a. Having
to which anything is, etc. predetermined end, ob- defined limits; fixed: established: conclusive: posi-
— —
;

ject, or use point aimed at purpose lot fate

; ; ; ; ; tive. Detor'minately, adv. Deter'mina'tion, n.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboif , chair, get.
 DETERRENT 104 DEXTER
Act of determining, or state of being determined; Device. See under Devise.
tendency to a certain end; a judicial decision, or Devil, dev'l, n. The evil one, Satan, represented in
ending of controversy thing determined upon ;
; Scripture as the traducer, father of lies, tempter, ^
**
resoluteness; decision of mind. (Chem.) The as- etc.; an evil spirit; false god; an expletive express-
certaining the amount of any ingredient in a sub- ing emphasis. (Manuf.) revolving cylinder armed A
stance. (Logic.) Act of limiting a concept or no- with spikes, for tearing, cutting, or opening raw
tion by giving its essential constituents; addition materials, as cotton, wool, rags, etc. very wicked A
of a differentia to a concept or notion, dividing person a dish, broiled with much pepper.— v. t. To
;

its extent. {Nat. Hist.) The referring of minerals, make like a devil; to cut up cloth or rags in, etc.; to
plants, etc., to their species. —
Deter'minative, -tiv, grill with pepper.— Devilish, dev'lish, a. Like, or
a. Having power to determine; conclusive. pert, to, the devil; wicked in the extreme; infernal;
Deterrent. See under Deter. hellish satanic
; detestable. Dev'iltry, -1-trY, n.
; —
Detest, de-test', v. t. To hate extremely, abominate, Diabolism malicious mischief.
; Dev'ilkin, n. — A
loathe.— Detestable, a. Worthy of etc.; abomin- , little devil.—Dev'il's-darn'ing-nee'dle, n. A dragon-
able; execrable; abhorred. —
Detest'ably, adv.— fly, having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a
Detestation, det'es- or de'tes-ta'shun, n. Act of, needle.— Dev'il-fish, n. name of several sea-crea- A
etc.; hatred; loathing. — Detest'er, n. tures, esp. of a genus of ray found in the Atlantic,
Dethrone, de-thron', v. t. [-throned (-thrond'), and of the cuttle-fish. —
Di'abol'ic, -ical, a. Like,
-throning.] To remove or drive from a throne, de- or pert, to, the devil; impious; demoniac—Diablerie,
pose. —
Dethrone'' ment, n. Deposition. dya'bl-re', Diab'lery, dY-ab'ler-Y, n. Deviltry; sor-
Detinue. See under Detain. cery; mischief.
Detonate, det'o-nat, v. i. (Chem.) To explode with Devious. See under Deviate.
a sudden report, —
v. t. To cause to explode. De- — Devise, de-viz', v. t. [-vised (-vlzd'), -vising.] To
tona'tion, n. Explosion by inflammation of com- form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, ap-
bustible bodies. —
Det'onize, -niz, v. t. [-nized plications of principles, or arrangement of parts; to
(-nlzd), -nizing.] To cause to explode, burn with strike out by thought; to plan for, purpose to ob-
an explosion, calcine with detonation. v. i. To — tain. {Law.) To give by will, used of real estate; —
detonate. _ to bequeath. v. i. —
To form a scheme, lay a plan,
De'tour, da-toor', n. A
turning; circuitous route ; contrive.— n. Act of disposing of real estate by will;
deviation from the straight or usual path. a will or testament, properly of real estate; property
Detract, de-trakt', v. t. To take away, take credit or given by will. —
Devis'er, n. One who devises; an
reputation from, decry, depreciate, vilify, slander,
— inventor. —
Devis'or, -6r, n. (Law.) One who gives
traduce. v. i. To remove a part, take away repu- real estate by will; a testator. Device, de-vis"', n. —
tation, depreciate worth. —
Detraction, n. Act of, Thing devised, or formed by design; contrivance;
etc.; calumny; aspersion; censure.— Detract'or, -er, invention a stratagem a heraldic motto, usually
; ;

».— Detract'ress, n. A female detractor:— Detract'- connected with an emblematic picture; power of de-
ory, -o-rT, a. Defamatory; derogatory. vising; invention; genius.
Detriment, det'rY-ment, n. That which causes dam- Devoid, de-void', a. Destitute; not in possession.
age diminution; injury; mischief harm.
; Detri-; — Devolve, de-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volving.]
mental, a. Causing detriment; pernicious. De- — To roll onward or downward, overthrow; to trans-
trition, -trish'un, n. A wearing off or away. De- — fer from one to another, deliver over, hand down.
tri'tus, n. (Oeol.) A
mass of matter worn from — v. i. To pass by transmission or succession to
—
;

solid bodies by attrition. be handed over or down. Devolution, n. Act of,

Deuce, dus, n. (Gaming.) Two; a card or die with 2 etc.
spots. An evil spirit; demon; the devil. — Deu'ced, Devote, de-vot', v . t. To appropriate by vow, set
-sed, a. Devilish; extravagant; enormous. apart by a solemn act ;to consign over, execrate,
Deuterogamy, du-ter-og'a-mi, n. A 2d marriage, after doom to evil; to give up wholly, direct the attention
the death of the first husband or wife. Deuteron'- — of wholly or chiefly ; to attach, addict, dedicate,
omy, -o-mT, n. {Bibl.) The 5th book of the Penta- resign, doom, consign. — Devot'edness, n. State
teuch, containing the 2d giving of the law by Moses. of being, etc. addictedness. ;Devotee', n. One —
— Deuterop'athy, -tht, n. (Med.) A sympathetic wholly devoted, esp. to religion; one superstitiously
affection, as headache from an overloaded stomach. given" to religious ceremonies; a bigot. Devot'er, —
— Deuteros'copy, -pT, n. Second sight; meaning be- n. —Devo'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. af- ;

yond the literal sense; second intention. Deutox'- — fection; esp. feelings toward God appropriate to the
lde, -id, n. (Chem.) A compound of 2 equivalents of act of worship; religiousness; piety; act of devoted-
oxygen with. 1 of a base. ness or devoutness: thing consecrated; an object of
Devastate, dev'as- or de-vas'tat, v. t. To lay waste, affection. —
Devo'tional, a. Pert, to, used in, or
desolate, demolish, pillage. —
Devastation, n. Act suited to, devotion.— Devout, -vowt', a. Absorbed
of, or state of being, etc. {Law.) Waste of the goods in religious feelings pious reverent expressing ; ; ;

of the deceased by an administrator. pietv; warmly devoted; earnest; prayerful; sincere.

Develop, de-vel'up, v. t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To — Devout'ly, adv. Devout'ness, n. —
free from a cover or envelope, disclose or make Devour, de-vowr', v. t. [-voured (-vowrd'), -vour-
known, unfold gradually, exhibit, detect. (Math.) ing.] To eat up greedily, consume ravenously; to
To change the form of (an algebraic expression) by seize on and destroy or appropriate greedily, self-
executing indicated operations without changing ishly, or wantonly; to enjoy with avidity, consume,
the value. {Photog.) To render (a picture) visible by waste, annihilate.
subjecting it to chemical action. v. i. To go— Dew, dti, n. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed
through a natural evolution, bj' successive changes by cool bodies upon their surfaces, esp. at night.
to a more perfect state; to become visible gradually. v. I. [dewed (dud), dewing.] To wet with dew.
— Development, n. Act of etc. {Math.) Act of ex-
, — Dew'y, -t, a. Covered, or appearing as if covered,
panding an expression into another of equivalent with dew; pert, to or like dew; falling gently.—
meaning; the equivalent expression into which an- Dew'iness, n. —
Dew'-drop, n. drop of dew. A
other has been developed. —
Development theory. -lap, n. The fold of skin, etc., hanging from the
{Nat. Hist.) Doctrine that all existing forms of throats of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in
matter and spirit were developed by uniform laws
from simpler forms, without creative act.
grazing; a fold of skin, etc., on the human throat
or chin, esp. when flaccid with age. point, n. —
(Meteor.) The temperature at which dew begins
Devest, de-vest', v. t. To divest. (Law.) To alienate,
as title or right, deprive of. v. i. —
To be lost or
alienated, as a title or an estate. [Except in the
to form. —
ret'ting, n. Process of softening and re-
moving mucilage from the fibrous and cellular por-
legal sense, spelled divest, q. v.] tions of flax and hemp, by exposing the stalks to
Deviate, de'vi-St, v. i. To go out of one's way, turn dew, rain, sun, and air.
aside from a course, digress, err. —
Devia'tion, n. Dexter, deks'ter, a. Pert, to, or on, the right hand;
Act of, etc. state of having deviated error.
; De'- ;
— right, as opp. to left.— Dexterity, -ter'Tf-tT , n. Readi-
vious, -vY-us, a. Out of a straight line ; indirect; ness and physical grace; activity of the mind; quick-
going out of the right course of conduct. ness and skill in managing affairs; adroitness; tact;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, i|ce ; Odd, tone, or
 DEY 105 DIE
aptitude faculty. ;
—
Dexterous, -trous, -trus, a. stops in the organ, which extend through the scale
Ready and expert; skillful in contrivance quick at ; of the instrument.
inventing expedients done with dexterity apt ; ; Diaper, di'a-per, n. Figured linen cloth for towels,
handy; versed. —
Dex'terously, adv. Dex'terous- — napkins, etc. ; a towel or napkin infant's breech- ;

ness, n. cloth. (Arch.) Paneling filled up with arabesque

Dey, da, n. The European title for the governor of gilding and painting, or with wrought work in low
Algeria, before its conquest by the French. relief. v. t. —
[diapered (-perd), -perixg.] To
Diabetes, di-a-be'tez, n. sing. &pl. (Med.) disease A variegate with figures, as cloth to put a diaper on, ;

attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of as a child, —v.i. To draw figures.

urine. Diaphanous, di-afa-nus, a. Transmitting rays of
Diablerie, Diabolic, etc. See under Devil. light, as glass; transparent; clear.
Diaconal. Diaconate. See under Deacox. Diaphragm, di'a-fram, n. dividing membrane or A
Diacoustic, di-a-kows'tik or -koos'tik, a. Pert, to the partition, commonly with an opening^ through it.
science of refracted sounds. Diacous'tics, n. Sci- — (Anat.) The muscle separating the chest from the
ence of the properties of sound refracted through abdomen midriff. ;

different mediums. Diarrhea, -rhoea, di-ar-re'a, n. (Med.) morbidly A

Diacritic, -ical, di-a-krifik-al, a. Separating; indica- frequent evacuation of the intestines.
ting something to be distinguished. Diary, di'a-rl, n. register of daily occurrences A ;

Diadem, di'a-dem, n. fillet, worn as a badge of A journal; blank-book dated for dailv memoranda.
royalty a crown ; sovereignty "dignity.
; {Her.) ; Diastole, di-as'to-le, n. (Med.) dilatation of the A
An arch rising from the rim of a crown, and uniting heart. ( G>-am.) figure by which a syllable nat- A
with others over its center. urally short is made long.
Diaeresis, Dieresis, di-er'e-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. ( Gram.) Diathesis, di-ath'e-sis, re. (Med.) Bodily condition,
The separation of 1 syllable into 2 a mark [ " ] over ; esp. that which predisposes to a particular disease.
the second of 2 adjacent vowels, to denote that they Diatonic, di-a-ton'ik, a. (Mus.) Pert, to the scale of
are to be pronounced separately, as, aerial. S tones, the 8th of which is the octave of the first.
Diagnosis, di-ag-no'sis, n. (Med.) Determination of a Diatribe, di'a-trib, n. continued discourse or dis- A
disease by distinctive characteristics. Scientific de- putation; an invective harangue; reviling; reproach.
termination of any kind. Dibber, dib'ber, Dibble, dib'bl, n. pointed hand A
Diagonal, di-ag'o-nal, a. (Geom.) Joinin; not ad- instrument, to make holes for planting seeds, etc.
jacent angles of a quadrilateral — Dib'ble, v. t. [dibbled (-bid), -blixg.] To plant
or multilateral figure, and divid- with a dibble, make holes for planting seeds, etc. —
ing it into 2 parts crossing at an v. i. To dip, as in angling.
angle with one of the sides. n.
;

— Dice, etc. See under Die, n.

A right line drawn from one an- Dicker, dik'er, n. The number of 10, esp. 10 hides or
gle to another, not adjacent, of a skins a chaffering barter of small wares. v. i. To —
figure of 4 or more sides. Diag'- -Diagonal. — ;

negotiate a dicker; to barter.

onally, -IT, adv. In a diagonal direction. Dickey, Dicky, dik'i, n. seat behind a carriage, A
Diagram, di'a-gram, n. (Geom.) A figure to illus- for servants, etc. a bosom to tie over the front of a ;

trate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration. An shirt a shirt-collar.

;

illustrative outline or drawing. Di'agraph, -graf — Dicotyledon, di'kot-T.-le'Vlon, n. (Bot.) plant whose A
n. An instrument used in perspective. seeds divide into 2 lobes in germinating. Di'coty- —
Dial, di'al, n. An instrument showing the time of led'onous, -nus, a. Having 2 cotyledons.
day from the shadow of a style on a graduated sur- Dictate, dik'tat, v. t. To deliver, state, or utter, for
face the graduated face of a time-piece on which
; another to reduce to writing to communicate with ;

the time is shown by pointers. authority to deliver to a subordinate, as a com-

Dialect, di'a-lekt, n. Means or mode of expressing mand; to prescribe, enjoin, urge.
;

v. i. To deliver —
thoughts language tongue local form of a lan-
; ; ; commands.— n. A statement delivered with author-
guage idiom phraseology. Dialec'tics, n. sing. — ity authoritative rule or principle order direc- : ;
;

That branch of
;

logic which teaches the rules of rea-

;

tion; impulse; admonition. Dicta'tion, n. Dic- —

soning application of logical principles to discur- ta'tor, -ter. n. One who, etc. one invested with ab-
;

sive reasoning. —
Di'alecti'cian, -tish'an, n. One solute authority, esp. in times of distress. Dicta-
;

—
versed in dialectics ; a logician reasoner. Dia- — torial, -rl-al, a. Pert, or suited to a dictator; ab-
logue, -log, n. A
conversation between two or more,
;

solute imperious overbearing.

; Dictato'rially, : —
esp. in theatrical performances ; a composition in adv. —
Dictatorship, n. Office or term of office of,
which persons are represented as conversing. etc. —
Dicta'tress. -trix, u. A female who dictates.
Diamagnetic, di'a-mag-nefik, a. Pert, to, or exhibit- — Dicta'ture, -ta'chur, n. Dictatorship.
ing the phenomena of, diamagnetism. n. sub- A Diction, dik'shun, n. Choice of words selection of
—
;

stance which, in a field of magnetic force, takes a terms; style phraseology. Dic'tum, n. ; pi. -ta,
;

position at right angles to that of the ordinary mag- -ta. An authoritative saying or assertion. (Law.)
net. — Di'amagnefically, adv. A judicial opinion by judges on points not necessa-
Diameter, di-am'e-ter, n. (Geom.) A right line rily in the case. Dictionary, -a-rl, n. —
book in A
through the center of a figure or body, which words are alphabetically arranged and ex-
terminated by the opposite boundaries. plained a lexicon vocabulary a work containing
1
: ; ;

Length of a straight fine through the cen- information in any department of knowledge, ar-
ter of an object from side to side; width; ranged alphabetically, under heads.
thickness. (Arch.) The distance through Did. See Do.
the lower part of the shaft of a column, „. Didactic, -tical, di-dak'tik-al, a. Fitted or inclined
used as a unit for measuring all the parts -Diameter, to teach arranged in a form suitable for instruc-
of an order. —
Diamet'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to, etc. tion; preceptive.
;

directly adverse. —
Diamet'rically, adv. lu a dia- Didapper, did'ap-er, n. diving bird; the black-chin A
metrical direction directly. ; grehe; dab-chick.
Diamond, di'a-mund or di'mund, n. mineral and A Diddle, did'dl, v. i. To totter, as a child in walking.
gem remarkable for hardness crystallized . ; Dido, di'do, n. ; pi. -dos, -doz. trick; antic; caper. A
carbon a geometrical figure otherwise
;
f\ Didst. Second per. imp. of do. See Do.
called rhombus or lozenge one of a suit of /
playing cards, stamped with the figure of a / \
;
\ Die, di, v. i. [died (did), dying.] To cease to live,
become dead, expire, become lost or extinct to ;

diamond. (Print.) small type, in size A / \ sink, faint; languish, with weakness, discourage-
between pearl and brilliant. *
/ \ ment, love, become indiffer- etc. ;

83" This Hue is printed in the type called Diamond. \/ ent; to recede and grow fainter,
Diapason, di-a-pa'zon, n. (Gr. Mus.) The oc- -p.. become imperceptible; to become
tave or interval which includes all the L)la
: vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor.
tones. Concord, as of notes an octave mona - Die, di, n. small cube, marked A itj==
apart harmony entire compass of tones scale or
; ; ; on its faces with spots from 1 to f>,
pitch for giving a standard pitch one of certain ; used in gaming, by being thrown -Dice.

sun, cube, full ;. moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 DIERESIS 106 DILEMMA
from a box; any small cubical body. [PL, in this gixg.] To turn and throw up, as the earth to ;

sense, Dice (dls) in the following senses, Dies loosen or remove with a spade, etc.; to delve; to
hollow out, as a well; form, as a ditch; excavate. —
;

(dlz).] (Arch.) The cubical part of the pedestal, be-

tween base and cornice. The piece of metal on which v. i. To work with a spade, etc., do servile work,
is cut a device to be stamped (on a coin, medal, etc.); delve.
one of two pieces of hardened steel forming together Digarnma, di-ganfma, re. A letter (F) of the Greek
a female screw for cutting the threads of screws. — alphabet, which early fell into disuse, pron., prob.,
Dice, dis, n. ; pi. of die. A game.— v. i. To play with like E. w.
dice. — Df cer, n. One who, etc. — Die'sink'ing, n. Digest, di-iesf, v. t. To arrange methodically; work
Process of engraving dies.
ment for holding dies while cutting threads on
—
stock, n. An imple- over and classify to prepare in the stomach for
conversion into blood, turn into chyme, — said of
;

screws. food; to think over, reflect upon. (Chem.) To soften

Dieresis. Same as Di.eresis. by heat and. moisture. (Med.) To suppurate, —v. i.
Dies non, di'ez-non. (Law.) A day on which courts To undergo digestion; be prepared by heat, suppu-
are not held. rate.— Dfgest, n. Thing digested; esp. that which
Diet, di'et, n. Habitual food victuals ; course of
; is worked over, classified, and arranged; compen-
food selected with reference to a particular state of dium; abridgment; pandect; a collection of Roman
health. —
v.t. To feed, nourish, esp. sparingly, or laws. — Diges'tion, -chun, n. Act of digesting; class-
—
bv rule. v. i. To eat, feed, esp. to eat sparingly.— ification; conversion of food into chyme; prepara-
Df etary, -a-ri, a. Pert, to, etc. n. Rule of diet; — tion by heat and moisture; gradual solution; pro-
—
allowance of food. —
Dietefic. -ical, a. Pert, to the duction of pus. Digest'ive, -iv, a. Causing, used
rules of, etc. —
Dietet'ics, n. That part of medicine for, or pert, to digestion.
or hygiene relating to, etc— Diet'er, -a'rian, n. One Digit, dij^it, n. A finger; a finger's breadth, or 3-4ths
who observes rules for, etc. of an inch. (Arith.) One of the ten figures, 0, 1, 2,
Diet, di'et, n. A
legislative or administrative assem- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which numbers are expressed.
bly in some countries of Europe. (Astron.) A
12th part of the diameter of the sun or
Differ,differ, v. i. [-fered (-ferd), -ferixg.] To moon. — Dig'ital, a. Pert,
be or stand apart, disagree, be unlike or discordant; to the fingers, or to digits.
to have a difference or quarrel. ?•. t. To cause to — — Dig'itate, -tated, a.
be different or unlike.— Difference, -ens, n. Act of, (Lot.) Having leaflets ar-
or state of being, etc.; disagreement; cause of dis- ranged, like fingers, at
sension; occasion of quarrel; that by which one the extremity of a stem,
thing differs from another characteristic quality.
; or petiole.
(Logic.) Quality or attribute added to those of the Dignify, dig'nY-fi, v. t.

genus to constitute a species; differentia. (Math.) [-FIED (-fid), -FYIXG.] To

The quantity by which one quantity differs from invest with dignity or
another, —
v. t. [differenced (-enst), -excixg.] honor, give distinction to.
To cause to differ, make different, distinguish.— — Dig/nity, -tT, n. State
Different, a. Distinct; of various or contrary na- of being worthy or hon-
ture, form, or quality; unlike dissimilar. —Dif- ; orable elevation of mind
;
Digitate Leaf.
ferently, adv.— Differentiate, -shi-at, v. t. (Math.) or of rank; quality inspir-
To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient ing respect loftiness and elegance one holding
;

—
:

of. (Logic.) To distinguish or describe, by giving high rank. Dig'nitary, -ta-rT, n. One who pos-
the differentia, or specific difference of a thing; to sesses exalted rank, esp. ecclesiastical rank.
define exactly, specialize. i>. i. —
To constitute, Digraph, di'graf, n. A combination of 2 written
mark, or show a difference; to discriminate. Dif- — characters to express one sound.
feren'tia'tion, -shY-a'shun, n. (Logic.) Act of dis- Digress, dl-gres'', v. i. [-gressed (-gresf), -gress-
tinguishing a thing, by giving its differentia, or spe- ing.] To turn aside; esp. in writing or speaking,
cific difference. (Math.) Act or process of differen- to turn aside from the main subject of attention or
tiating. (Physiol.) Production of a diversity of course of argument; to turn aside from the right
parts by a process of evolution or development. path, deviate, amplify, transgress. —
Digression,
(Metaph.) Tendenc.v in being, organic or inorganic, -greslfun, n. Act of, etc.; part of a discourse devi-
to assume more complex structure or functions. ating from its main design; transgression; offense.
Difceren'tia, -shl-a, n. (Logic.) The distinguish- — Digres'sional, a. Pert, to, or consisting in, etc. —
ing part of the essence of a species: specific differ- Digres'sive. -iv, a. Departing from the main sub-
ence.— Difteren'tial, -shal. a. Creating a difference; ject. — Digress'ively, adv.
discriminating; special. (Math.) Pert, to a differen- Dike, dik, n. A ditch; channel for water made by
tial. (Mech.) Differing in amount or in producing digging bank thrown up to exclude water from
:

force, —
said of motions or effects; intended to pro- low lands. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral
duce difference of motion or effect, said of ma- — matter, filling up fissures in the original strata, — v.
chinery, etc. n. (Math.) An increment, usually an t. [diked (dikt), dikixg.] To surround, protect,
indefinitely small one, given to a variable quantity. or drain bv dikes.
Difficulty, dif f i-kul-tT, n. State of being hard to ac- Dilapidate, 'dl-hip'T-dat, v. t. To suffer to fall into
complish, or to deal with; a thing ham to accom- decay or partial ruin to diminish by waste and
plish a controversy variance or disagreement
; ; ; abuse, squander, —
v. i.
;

To get out of repair, be-

obstacle; perplexity; distress: objection.— Dif ficult, come decayed, go to ruin.— Dilapidation, n. Act
a. Hard to make, do, or perform: beset with diffi- of, or state of being, etc.; ecclesiastical waste.
culty not easily wrought upon
; not compliant : Dilate, dT-laf or di-laf, v. t. To enlarge or extend
painful; austere rigid. —Dif ficultly, adv.
;' in all directions, expand, distend, spread out, am-
Diffident, diffl-dent, a. Wanting confidence in plify, expatiate. —
v. i. To expand, swell; to speak
others, orin one's self distrustful: timid: bashful;
—
: largely and copiously, expatiate, descant. Dikf- —
reserved. Dif fidently, adv.— Dif fidence, -dens, n. tion. 7i. Act of, or state of being, etc. expansion. ;

State of being, etc. — DiTata'tion, n. Same as dilation. —

Dila 'table, a.
Diffuse. dif-tuz r v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusixg.] To — Dila'tabifity, n.— Dila'tive, a. Causing dilata-
tion. — Dilafor, n. That which expands; a muscle
,

pour out and spread, as a fluid; to send out. or ex-

tend, in all directions to expand, disseminate,
; that dilates any part. — Dil'atory, -to-rt, a. Inclined
spend, publish, proclaim. —
Diffus'er. n.— Diffus' -
r
to put off what ought to be done at once: given to,
edly, adv. In a diffused manner: dispersedlv. or marked with procrastination; intended to make
Diffus'edness, n. —
Diffrf sible, -zT-bl, a. Capable of delay, or to gain time and defer action; sluggish;
being, etc.— Diffu'sibifity, ».— - Diffifsion, -zhun, n. backward; tardy. —
Difatorily, adv.
Act of, or state of being, etc.; dissemination; spread; Dilemma, df-lenf ma or dl-lenfma, n. (Logic.) An
propagation; dispersion.— Diffuse'', -lus', a. Poured argument which affords an antagonist alternatives,
out; widely spread; not restrained, esp. as to style; but is conclusive against him, whichever alterna-
copious: prolix. tive he chooses. A
perplexing state difficult or ;

Dig, dig, v. t. [dug or (obs.) digged (digd), dig- doubtful choice.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 DILETTANT 107 DIRECT
Dilettant, dil-et-tanf, -tante, -tanla, n. ; pi. -tanti, as into difficulty, engage to take out by immersing ;

-te. An admirer of the fine arts an amateur ; esp. and removing again some receptacle, as a ladle, pail,
one who follows an art desultorily, without serious
;

etc.— v. i. To immerse one's self to remove some- ;

jmrpose, or for amusement. thing, by immersing and withdrawing; a receptacle;

Diligent, dil'I-jent, a. Interestedly and perseveringly to thrust in and partake to enter slightly or curso- ;

attentive steady in application to business prose-

; : rily; to incline downward. n. Action of dipping, —
cuted with care and constant effort assiduous ; ; or of plunging for a moment into a liquid inclina- ;

sedulous; industrious; careful.— Diligence, -j ens, n. tion downward slope pitch sauce to be dipped
Quality of being, etc.; assiduity; industry. out with a spoon ; a dipped candle.
;

Dip'per, n.
; ;

—
Diligence, de-le-zhaNs', n. A
French stage-coach. [F.] One who, or that which, etc. ; a vessel for dipping
Dill, dil, n. A plant bearing pungent and aromatic liquids. {Ornith.) A
small diving bird, resembling
seeds. the blackbird; the dabchick, a N. Amer. grebe; also,
Dilly-dally .dilli-dalli, v. i. To loiter or trifle. the spirit-duck, of N. Amer. {Astron.) The 7 prin-
Dilute, di-luf, v.t. To make thinner or more liquid cipal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear,—
by admixture with something to diminish, by mix- ; arranged in the form of a dipper.
ing, the strength, flavor, color, etc., of to reduce, Diphtheria, dif- or dip-the'ri-a, n. {Med.) virulent A
—
;

esp. by addition of water. v.i. To become thin. zymotic disease, in which the mucous membrane,
— a. Thin ; attenuated reduced in strength, as esp. of the throat and air passages, becomes coated
spirit or color. —
Dilut'er, n.
;

—
Dilu'tion, n. Act of, with a false membrane. Diphtheric, -therlk, -the- —
or state of being, etc.
— —
Dil'uent, -u-ent, a. Diluting. ritlc, a. Pert, to, etc.
n. That which, etc.; esp. what weakens the blood, Diphthong, dif- or diphthong, n. (Orthoepy.) A
—
by mixture with it. Dilu'vial, -vY-al, a. Pert, to, union of 2 vowel sounds pronounced in one sylla-
or produced by, a deluge, esp. the deluge in Noah's ble, as, ou in out, —
called a proper diphthong ; union
days. —
Dilu'vian, a. Pert, to a deluge. of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them
Dim, dim, a. Not bright or distinct; of obscure luster, being sounded, as, ai in ram, called an improper —
sound, or vision; dull of apprehension; dark; mys- diphthong. —
Diphthongal, -thon''gal, a. Pert, to, or
terious, sullied, tarnished. v. t. —
[dimmed (dim'd), consisting of, etc.
dimming.] To render obscure, darken, dull ; to de- Diploma, dt-plo'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. Orig. a state
prive of distinct vision, darken the senses or under- letter of recommendation, —consisting of 2 leaves
standing of. — Dimly, adv. — Dimliess, n. a writing conferring some authority, privilege, hon-
;

Dime, dim, n. A silver coin of the United States, or, etc.; esp. a record of a literary degree. Diplo"- —
worth 10 cents; the tenth of a dollar. macy, -si, -matism, -tizm, n. Art of conducting ne-
Dimension, dl-men'shun, a. Measurement in length, gotiations between nations, esp. in securing treaties;
breadth, and thickness extent size application;
; ; dexterity in securing advantages.
; Diplomat, —
importance. {Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in -mate, -mat, -mafic, Diplo'matist, n. One em-
characterizing a term. ployed or skilled in, etc. —Diplomatic, -ical, a. —
Diminish, dT-minlsh, v. t. [-isiied (-isht), -ishing.] Diplomatically, adv. Diplomatics, n. Science —
To make smaller to lessen the authority or dignity
: of diplomas, or art of reading ancient writings,
of. {Mas.) To make smaller by a semitone. To public documents, etc.; paleography.
take away, subtract, abate, reduce, impair. v. i. Dipper. See under Dip. —
To become or appear less or smaller to lessen. — Dipsomania, dip-so-maliY-a, n. Inordinate desire for
;

Diminlsher, n. —
Diminulion, -nu'shun, n. Act alcoholic liquors; cenomania.
of or state of being, etc.; reduction in size, quan- Dipteral, dipler-al, a.
, {Eaton Hav
tity, degree, dignity, or consideration. {Law.) Omis- only. (Anc. Arch.) Having
sion, inaccuracy, or defect in a record. Diminli- —
a double row of columns
tive, -tiv, a. Of small size; minute; little.— n. Some- on each flank, as well as in
thing of small size or value insignificant thing. ; front and rear. Dip'ter- —
{Gram.) A derivative from a noun, denoting a small ous, -us, a. Having 2 wings,
or young object of the kind denoted
~ ====
~—
as among insects, or wing- ^
—
adv. Dimin^utiveness, n.
—
by the primitive. Dimin^utively,
—
Dimin'- Diminuendo,
— ;
like processes, as in plants.
Dire, dir, a. Evil in a great
-

uen'do, adv. (Jlus.) In a gradually diminishing degree; dreadful; horrible;

manner, —a direction, written on the staff or indi- terrible. Dire'ness, n. — —
cated as in the margin. Direful, -lul, a. Same as
Dimity, dim'T-ti, n. A ,kind of stout, white, cotton Dike. Dire'fully, adv. —
cloth, ribbed or figured. Direct, dY-rekt', a. Straight;
Dimple, dim'pl, n. A slight natural depression on not crooked, oblique, or cir-
the surface of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin ; cuitous straightforward
;
Dipterous Insect. :

indentation on any surface. v. i. —

[dimpled (-pld),
— not swerving from truth n, balancers or poisers.

-pling.] To form dimples, sink into depressions. and openness; sincere; immediate; unambiguous;
v.t. To mark with, etc. absolute in the line of descent
; not collateral. ;

Din, din, n. Loud, stunning noise racket clamor.— : ; {Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary
v. t. [dinned (dind), -ning.] To strike with con- motion, or from west to east. v. t. To give direc- —
tinued or confused sound; to stun with noise. tion or bearing to to determine the course of; to;

Dine, din, v. i. [dined (dind), dining.] To partake point out the proper course to, put upon the right
of the noon meal, or principal meal of the day to ; track to instruct as a superior to put a direction
; ;

take dinner.— v. t. To give a dinner to or at.— Din"- or address upon, superscribe. v.i. To give direc- —
ner, n. The principal meal entertainment feast. ; : tion, act as guide.— Directly, adv. In a direct, im-
Ding, ding, v. i. [dinged (dingd), dinging.] To talk mediate, express, or absolute manner: straightway!
with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration to immediately. Direcfness, n.— Direct'er, n. — —
bluster; to sound, as a bell, ring, tinkle, n. A — ;

Direclion, n. Act of directing, or of aiming, regu-

thump or stroke, esp. of a bell.— Ding'-dong, n. The lating, guiding, or ordering; authoritative instruc-
sound of bells; a repeated and monotonous sound. tion ; address of a person written upon a thing
Dingle, din'gl, n. A narrow dale or valley between sent; superscription; course upon which anything
hills. is moving or aimed to move; line or point of tend-
Dingy, din'ji, a. [-gier. -giest.] Soiled; sullied; of ency body of persons charged with the manage-
dark color; dun. —
Din'giness, n.
;

ment of a matter administration management ; ;

Dinner. See under Dine. government. —

Directive, -iv, a. Having power, or
Dint, dint, v. t. To make a small cavity on, by a blow tending, to direct. —
Direct'or, -er, n. One who, or
or pressure. that which, etc. esp. one of a body of persons ap-
;

Diocese, di'o-ses, n. The district in which a bishop pointed to manage the affairs of a company part
exercises ecclesiastical authority. Diocesan, di-os'- — of a machine which directs its motion or action.
;

—
e-san or di'o-se'san, a. Pert, to, etc. n. bishop. — A Direct'orate, -rat, n. A body of directors, or the
Dip, dip, v. t. [dipped (dipt) or dipt, dipping.] To office of director. —
Directorial, -rt-al, a. Having
immerse in a fluid and withdraw again ; to plunge, the quality of, or pert, to a director or directory. —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fo~6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 DIREFTION 108 DISCOMFIT
Directorship, n. Office of, etc. Direct'ory, -rl. — Disavow, dis-a-vow', v. t. To refuse to acknowledge,
a. Containing directions directorial. n. A col- ;
— deny responsibility for, approbation of, etc.; to dis-
lection of directions, rules, or ordinances esp. a ; prove, disown, disallow. —
Disavowal, n. Act of,
book of directions for the conduct of worship a : etc.; disclaimer. —
Disavow'er, n.
book containing the names and residences of the in- Disband, dis-band r r. t. To loose the bands or banded
,

habitants of any place a body of directors esp. :

existence of to disperse; esp. to break up the mili-
a committee which held executive power in France
;

tary organization of.

;

—
v. i. To become separated or
under the first republic. scattered; esp. to quit military service by breaking
Direption, dl-rep'snun, n. Act of plundering or de- —
up organization. Disband'ment, n. Act of, etc.
spoiling. Disbar, dis-bar', v. t. To expel (barristers) from the bar.
Dirge, derj, n. A piece of mournful music, to accom- Disbark, dis-bark'. v. t. To put on shore, disembark.
pany funeral rites. Disbelieve, dis-be-levr v. t. Not to believe; to hold
Dirk, aerk, n. A
kind of dagger or poniard. —
v. t. To
,

not to be true or actual: to refuse credit to. Disbe- —

stab with, etc. liever, n,— Disbelief, -lef. n. Act of, etc.; refusal
Dirt, dert, n. Any filthy substance, as excrement, of credence: unbelief; svstem of error.
earth, mud, dust, etc. —
v. t. To make foul or filthy: Disburden, dis-ber'dn, v. i. To rid of a burden, lay
to soil, dirty. —
Dirfy, -I, a. [dirtier, dirtiest.] off as oppressive, become relieved of, unload, disen-
Defiled with dirt: nasty: filthy; foul; serving to de- cumber, free. v. i. —
To ease the mind.
file; sordid; base; groveling.— p. t. [dirtied (-rid), Disburse, dis-bers', v. t. [-bursed (-berstQ, -bvesixg.]
dirtyixg.] To make filthv, soil to tarnish, scan-
— —
: To pay out, expend. Disburse'menli, n. Act of, —
dalize. Dirt'ily. adv. Dirt'iness, n. etc.; what is paid out.
Diruption, dl-rup'shun, n. bursting or rending A Disburthen. dis-ber'rhn, v. t. To disburden.
asunder. Disc. See Disk.
Disable, dis-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-a'bld), -ablixg.] To Discard. dis-kard'r v. t. To throw out
of the hand as
render unable or incapable, make unfit for service, useless, — ,

said of cards; to cast off or dismiss; put or

disqualify, incapacitate. {Laic.) To deprive of legal thrust away, discharge, cashier, reject.
right or qualification. —
Disability, -I-ti, n. State Discern, diz-zern'. v. t. [-cerned (-zSmd'), -cerx-
of being disabled want of competent physical or
; ixg.] To behold as separate, note the distinctive
intellectual power, opportunity, etc., or of legal character of, make out and distinguish by the eye,
qualification. recognize, perceive with the mind, apprehend, pen-
Disabuse, dis-a-buz'. v. t. [-bused (-buzdO, -busixg.] etrate, discriminate, descry. v.i. To see the dif- —
To free from mistake, undeceive, set right. ference, make distinction. — Discernible, -l-bl, a.
'

Disadvantage, dis-ad-van'tej, n. Deprivation of ad- Capable of being discerned perceptible visible ; : ;

vantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality, condi- evident; manifest.— Diseern'ibleness, n.— Discern'-
tion, circumstance, etc.; prejudice to interest, fame,
credit, profit, etc.; loss: damage. — ibly, adv. —
Discern'' m6nt, n. Act of discerning;
Disad'vanta'- faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one
geous, -ta'jus, a. Attended with, etc. inconven- thing from another; judgment; discrimination; pen-
ient; detrimental. —
Disad'vanta'geously, adv.
;

etration; sagacity.
Disaffect. dis-af-fekf, v. i. To alienate the affection Discharge, dis-charj', v. t. To relieve of a charge,
of, fill with discontent and unfriendliness; to dis- load, or burden, unload: to let go the charge of, as a
turb the functions of, disorder. —Disaffection, n. gun; to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden
State of being, etc.; disgust; ill-will; disloyaltv; hos- jar; to relieve of something weighing upon one, as a
tility. debt, claim, accusation, etc.: co relieve of an office or
Disagree, dis-a-gre', v. i. [-greed (-gredO. -gree- employment, take out or remove, as a charge, bur-
ix g.] To fail to accord or agree; to lack harmony, den, contents, etc.; to let fly, as a missile, shoot; to
be at variance to differ in opinion, be unsuited, relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, per-
have unfitness. —;

Disagree'able, -a-bl, a. Xot agree- forming duty, etc.: to perform or'execute, as an of-
able, conformable, or congruous; exciting repug- fice,or part; to give forth, emit or send out, give
nance; offensive: displeasing. Disagree'ableness, — vent to, utter. —
v. i. To throw off or deliver a load,
n. — Disagree'ably, adv.— Disagreement, n. Act charge, or burden.— ?;. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
of, or state of being, etc.; difference of opinion: un- thing discharged.
suitableness; a falling out or controversy; discrep- Disciple, dis-si'pl, n. One who receives instruction
ancy; variance; jar; wrangle; discord. from, or accepts the doctrines of, another: pupil;
Disannul, dis-an-nuK, v. t. To annul, render void. follower ;adherent supporter. Discipline, -si-
; —
Disappear, dis-ap-per', v.i. [-feared (-perdO. -rear- • plin, n. The treatment suited to a disciple or
ing.] To vanish from sight, become invisible, cease learner; development of the faculties by instruction
to appear or to be perceived; to cease to be or exist, and exercise: training to act in accordance with
become merged in something else.— Disappear 'ance, rules: subjection to rule: punishment byway of cor-
-ans, n. Act of, etc. rection and training. (Eccl.) Reformatory br penal
Disappoint, dis-ap-point / v. t. To defeat of expecta-
', action toward a church member. Subject-matter of
tion or hope, hinder of result, tantalize, balk, de- instruction. v. t.— [-plixed (-plind), -flixixg.]
feat. — r
Disappoint' ment, n. Act of, or state of being, To educate, develop by instruction and exercise;
etc.: that which, etcj miscarriage; frustration^ accustom to regular action, bring under control,
to
Disapprove. dis-ap-prooV, v. t. [-proved (-proovd'), drill; to improve by corrective methods; to inflict
-provixg.] To pass unfavorable judgment upon; ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon. Dis'- —
to regard as wrong or inexpedient; to censure; to re- ciplinary, -a-rt, a. Pert, to, or intended for, etc.
fuse official approbation, decline to sanction, disal- Dis ciplina^rian, -ri-an, a. Pert, to, etc. n. One —
low. —Disapprovingly, adv. Disapproval, Dis- — who, etc. esp. one who enforces rigid discipline.
:

approbation, -pro-ba / shun, n. Act of disapproving. Disclaim, dis-klam', v. t. To reject all claim to; to
— Disapprobatory, -to-rT, a. Containing disappro- deny ownership of, or responsibility for; to refuse
bation: tending to disapprove. to acknowledge, disown, disavow, renounce, reject.
Disarm, diz- or dis-arm', v. t. To deprive of arms or {Law.) To decline accepting, as an estate, interest.
of means of attack or defense: to deprive of means or office. —
Disclaim "er, n. One who, etc. (Law.)
or disposition to harm. Disarm''ament. n.— Adenial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title,
Disarrange, dis-ar-ranj r v. t. To unsettle or disturb claim, interest, estate, or trust. public disavowal, A
the order or due arrangement of.
,

Disarrange''- — as of pretensions, opinions, etc.

ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: confusion. Disclose, dis-kloz'', v. t. To unclose, open; to remove
Disarray, dis-ar-ra r v. t. To throw into disorder, a cover or envelope from; to bring to light; to make
,

break the array of to undress, unrobe. n. Want — known, as that which has been kept secret, divulge,
;

of array or regular order; disorder: confusion: state tell, utter. —

v.i. To burst open, gape; to make a
of being imperfectly attired; undress: dishabille. disclosure or revelation.
Disaster, diz-as'ter, n. Orig. a baleful aspect of a Discoid. See under Disk.
planet or star. An unfortunate event; esp. a sudden Discolor. dis-kuKer, v. t. To alter the color of, stain,
misfortune calamity mischance. Disastrous, — tinge; to alter the true complexion or appearance of
;

-trus, a. Attended with, etc.

;

Disastrously, adv. — Discomfit, dis-kum /'fit, v. t. To scatter in fight, break

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 DISCOMFORT 109 DISESTABLISH
up the plans throw into perplexity and dejec-
of, rude. — Discourteously, adv. — Discour'tesy, -te-sY,
tion, disconcert, rout. n. —
Rout; overthrow; dis- n. Rudeness of behavior or language.
comfiture. —
Discom'fiture, -f Y-chur, n. Act of, or Discous. See under Disx.
state of being, etc.; defeat; frustration. Discover, dis-kuv'er, v. t. To remove the covering or
Discomfort, dis-kumlert, n. Want of comfort; in- envelope from, expose to view, make known; to ob-
quietude. — v. t. To destroy or disturb the comfort, tain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a
peace, or happiness of. thing not known; to find out, disclose, reveal, im-
Discompose, dis-kom-poz', v. t. To disarrange, inter- part, detect, invent. —
Discoverable, a. Discov'- —
fere with, break up to throw into disorder, destroy
; erer, n. One who discovers; one who first finds out
the composure of; to put out of place or service, de- an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or
range, agitate, ruffle, fret, displace.— Discompo'sure, fact; an explorer. —
Discov'ery, -er-Y, n. Act of,
-po'zhur, n. State of being, etc. etc. thing discovered.
;

Disconcert, dis-kon-sert', v t. To break up the har-

. Discredit, dis-kred'it, n. Want of credit; act of dis-
monious progress of, throw into disorder, discom- crediting, or state of being discredited; disgrace; re-
Dose, abash, confuse, frustrate. — Disconcer'tion, n. proach.— v. t. To refuse to credit, disbelieve, de-
Disconnect, dis-kon-nekf, v. t. To dissolve the union prive of credibility or of credit, bring reproach upon.
or connection of, sever. —Disconnection, n. — Discreditable, a. Tending to injure credit; dis-
Disconsolate, dis-kon r so-lat, a. Destitute of comfort graceful; disreputable.
or consolation; deeply dejected; melancholy; inspir- Discreet, dis-kref, a. Possessed of discernment or
ing dejection; saddening"; cheerless. discretion; wise in avoiding evil, and in adapting
Discontent, dis-kon-tenf, n. Want of content; un- —
means to ends; wary. Discretion, -kresh'un, n.
easiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction. — Quality of being discreet; sagacity; freedom to act
v. t. To deprive of content, make uneasy, dissat- according to one's own judgment. At discretion.
isfy.— Discontentedly, adv. —
Discontent'edness, Without conditions or stipulations. Discre'tional, —
-ment, n. State of being, etc.; inquietude. -ary, -er-Y, n. Left to discretion; unrestrained ex-
Discontinue, dis-kon-tin'u, v. t. To interrupt the con- cept by judgment. —
Discre'tionally, -arily ,_ adv.
tinuance of to intermit, as a practice or habit, put
;
—
At or according to discretion. Discrete, -kref, a.
an end to; to cease attention to, or entertainment or Separate; distinct; disjunctive; containing a dis-
reception of; to break the continuity of, disunite. — junctive clause, —
opp. of concrete. Discre'tive, —
v. i. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be -tiv, a. Disjunctive; separating.
separated or severed; to part. —
Discontin'uer, n. — Discrepant, dis-krep'ant, a. Discordant; at variance;
Discontin'uance, -ans, n. Act of, or state of being, disagreeing; different. —
Discrep'ance, -ancy, -an-sY,
etc.; want of continuity of parts. (Law.) A
break- n. State or quality of being, etc.
ing off or interruption of an estate; termination of Discriminate, dis-krim't-nat, v. t. To separate, dis-
an action in practice by the voluntary act of the tinguish; to mark as different, distinguish by a pe-
plaintiff; entry on the record that the "plaintiff dis- culiar note or sign. —
v. i. To make a difference; to
continues action; technical interruption of the pro- distinguish accurately. a. —
Distinguished; having
ceedings in pleading, when a defendant does not the difference marked.— Discrinrinateness, n.—
answer the whole of the plaintiff's declaration, and Discrim'ina'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part un- faculty of nicely distinguishing that which dis-
;

answered. — Dis'contrn/ua'tion, n. Breach of con- criminates; mark of distinction. —

Discriminative,
tinuity; discontinuance; disruption. —
Discon'tinu'- -tiv, a. Marking a difference; characteristic; observ-
ity, -nu'Y-tY, n. Want of continuity or cohesion. — ing distinctions; discriminating.
Discontiguous, -u-us, a. Not continuous. Discrown, dis-krown', v. t. To deprive of a crown.
Discord, dis'kSrd, n. Want of concord or agreement; Discursion, Discursory, etc. See under Discourse.
variance leading to contention and strife; dissension; Discus, dis'kus, n. ; E.pl. Discuses L. pi. Disci, -si. ;

clashing, (Mus. ) Union of musical sounds which A quoit a disk. See Disk.
;

strikes the ear disagreeably, owing to the incommen- Discuss, dis-kus', v. t. [-cussed (-kusf), -cussing.]
surability of the vibrations which they produce. To break up, disperse; to examine or consider by
— Discord'ant, a. At variance; clashing; jarring; disputation. (Law.) To exhaust a remedy against,
opposing. (Mas.) Not in harmony or concord.— as against a debtor before proceeding against the
Discordantly, adv. —
Discord'antnass, n. Dis- — surety.— Discus 'sion, -kush'un, n. Act or process of
cordance, -ancy, -an-sT, n. State or quality of be- discussing; examination by argument; debate; dis-
ing, etc.; inconsistency. putation. — Discuss'ive, -iv, a. Able or tending to
Discount, dis'kownt, n. An allowance made upon an discuss. — Discu'tient, -shent, a. Serving to dis-
account, debt, price asked, etc.; deduction for in- perse morbid matter. n. — A
medicine to disperse a
terest, in advancing money upon a bill or note not tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body.
due; act of discounting. —
Discount, dis'kownt or Disdain, dis- or diz-dan r v. t. [-dained (-dandO.
,

dis-kownf, v. t. To deduct from an account, etc.: -dainino.] To reject as not deserving notice to ;

to loan money upon, deducting the allowance for look with scorn upon, contemn, despise, —v. i. To
interest, — v. i. To lend money, abating the dis- be filled with contemptuous anger. n. feeling A
count; to anticipate and make allowance for.— Dis /'- of contempt and aversion haughtiness scorn
counter, re. — Discount 'able, a. arrogance. — ;

Disdain'ful, -ful, a. Full of, or express-

; ;

Discountenance, dis-kown'te-nans, v. t. To put out ing, disdain contemptuous haughty.

; ;

of countenance, put to shame, abash; to refuse to Disease, diz-ez', n. Orig., lack of ease; uneasiness; a
countenance or give approval to, discourage. n. — morbid condition of body; sickness; disorder; dis-
Unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation. temper; malady. —
v.t. To afflict with sickness.
Discourage, dis-kur / ej, v. t. To extinguish the cour- Disembody, dis-em-bod'Y, v. i. To divest of the body,
age of, deprive of confidence; to deter one from, free from the flesh, discharge from military organi-
dishearten one with respect to, dissuade, discoun- zation.
tenance. — Discour'ageable, a. —
Discour'agement, Disembogue, dis-em-bog', v. t. [-bogued (-bogd'),
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. — -boguing.] To discharge at the mouth, as a stream;
Discour'ager.j?. One who, etc. to vent. — Disembogue'ment, -em'bouchure'', -aN'-
Discourse, dis-kors', n. Orig., power to run over, to boo-shoor /\ n. Discharge of the waters of a river, etc.
compare and judge; oral exposition of a subject; Disembowel, dis-em-bowSl, v. t. To take out the
talk; conversation; dissertation or treatise; sermon. bowels of, eviscerate, gut.
— v. i. [-coursed (-korsf), -coursing.] To exer- Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v. t. To release from some
cise reason; to talk or treat of in writing, in a formal previous connection or engagement to liberate, ;

manner, —v. t. To utter or give forth. —

Discourag- free, extricate, disentangle, wean. v. i. To re- —
er, n.— Discours^ive, -iv, a. Reasoning containing; lease one's self, set one's self free, become de-
dialogue or conversation. —
Discursive, -ker'siv, tached. — Disenga'gedness, -ga'jed-nes, n. State of
-sory, -ser-Y, a. Discoursive: rambling; digressive. being, etc. —Disengage 'ment, -gaj'ment, n. Act of,
— Discursively, adv. —
Discur'sion, -shun, n. Ex- or state of being, etc.; freedom from engrossing
patiation; desultory talk: act of discoursing. occupation; leisure.
Discourteous, dis-kerfyus or -ker r te-us, a. Uncivil; Disestablish, dis-es-tab'lish, v. t. To unsettle or
sun, cube, full; moon, fo~6t; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, bo.NboN, chair, get.
 DISESTEEM 110 DISOBEY
break up what has been established. — Disestab- Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grat, v. t. To separate into
lishment, n. Act_or process of, etc. integrant parts. —
Dism'tegrable, a. Disin'tegra'- —
Disesteem, dis-es-tem', n. Want of esteem: low re- tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Geol.)
gard; disfavor. v. t. —
To feel an absence of es- Wearing away of strata by atmospheric action.
teem for, regard with disapproval; to slight. Dis- — Disinter. dis-in-ter', v.t. lo taKe out of the grave;
es'tima'tion, n. Disesteem; disfavor. to brinsr out, as from hiding. —
Disinter'ment, n.
Disfavor, dis-ia'ver, n. Want of favor: disesteem; Disinterested, dis-in't§r-est-ed, a. Not influenced by
state of not being in favor; an unkindness; dis- regard to peisonal advantage; free from self-inter-
obliging act. —
v. t. To withhold or withdraw favor est; unbiased; impartial: indifferent. Disinter- —
from, regard with disesteem. — Bisfa'vorer, n. estedly, adv. —
Disinterestedness, n.
Disfigure, dis-fig'iir, v. t. To mar the figure or appear- Disinthrall, dis-in-thrawl', v. t. To release from
ance of; to render less complete or beautiful, de- thraldom, emancipate. —
Disinthrall 'ment, n.
face, injure. —
Disfig'ursmeiit, -ura'tion, n. Act of, Disjoin, dis-join', v. t. To part, disunite, separate.
or state of being, etc.: that which disfigures. v. i. To become separated, part. Disjoint', v. r. —
Disfranchise, dis-fran'chiz, v. t. [-ciiised (-chizd), To put out of joint, dislocate; to separate at junc-
-ckising.] To deprive of a franchise or chartered tures, break in pieces; to break the natural order
right; to dispossess of the rights ol a citizen, or of and relations of. v. i. —
To fall or break in pieces.
a particular right, as of voting, holding office, etc. — Disjoint'ly, adv. In a disjointed state. Dis- —
— Disfranchisement, n. junct', -junkt', a. Disjoined separated. Dis-
;
—
Disgorge, dis-;r6rj', v. t. [-gorged (-g6rjd'), -gor- junc'tion, n. Act of disjoining: disunion; a dis-
ging.] To eject from the stomach, throat or mouth; junctive proposition. —
Disjunct'lve, -iv, a. Tend-
to vomit to pour forth violently, as if from a ing todisjoin; separating: disjoining. n. (Gram.)
;

mouth; to give up, make restitution of. v. i. To — A disjunctive conjunction or proposition.

vomit forth what anything contains, make restitu- Disk, Disc, disk, n. A
flat, circular plate; a discus;
tion. —
Disgorge'ment, n. Act of disgorging; thing quoit. (Astron.) The face of a celestial body.
disgorged. (Bot.) The whole surface of a leaf; central part of
Disgrace, dis-gras', n. Lack or loss of favor, support, a radiate compound flower; a part of the receptacle
or countenance ignominy ; infamy that which
brings dishonor; cause of'shame; opprobrium; re-
: ; expanded under or around the
pistil. — mw<m
Disc'ous, -us, -oid, -oid'- .«n:W!£ ..!** .'.v' 1 •*,
w
proach; dishonor. —
v. t. [disgraced (-grasf), -gra- al, a. Disklike: circular, wide,
cing.] To deprive of favor, dismiss with dishonor. and flat. —
Discoid floivers^Bot.) \

bring reproach or shame upon, degrade, defame, Compound flowers, consisting of

debase. —
Disgrace'ful, -ful, a. Bringing disgrace tubular florets only, as the tansy.
or dishonor; shameiul: ignominious. Disgrace'- — Dislike, dis-llk'. n. Positive arid
foUy, adv. —
Disgrace'fulness, n. Disgra'cer, n. — usually permanent aversion; an-
— Disgra'cious, -shus, a. Ungracious unpleasing. ; tipathy; repugnance. v. t. To —
Disgruntle, dis-grun'tl, v. t. To disappoint, dis- have a'n aversion to.
please, disconcert. Dislocate, dis'lo-kat, v. t. To dis-
Disguise, dis-giz', v. t. [-guised (-gizd'), -guising.] place, disjoint, put out of joint.
To change the guise or appearance of; esp. to con- — a. Dislocated.— Dislocation,
ceal by an unusual dress, hide by a counterfeit ap- n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
pearance; to affect or change by liquor; to intoxi- (Geol.) Displacement of rocks or Discoid Flowers,
cate. n. — A
dress or exterior put on to deceive; portions of strata from their original position.
artificial language or manner assumed for decep- (Surg.) A
disjointing; luxation.
tion; change of manner by drink; slight intoxica- Dislodge, dis-loj', v. t. To drive from a lodge or place
tion. of rest or repose, or of hiding or defense. v. i. To —
Disgust, dis-gust', n. K?pugnance to what is offen- go from a place of rest. —
Dislodg'ment, n. Act or
sive aversion; distaste: dislike,
; v. t. To pro- — process of dislodging or state ol being dislodged.
voke disgust in, offend the taste of, displease. Disloyal, dis-loi'ai, a. Not loyal: false to allegiance;
Dish, dish, n. A vessel used for serving up food; any faithless: treacherous; perfidious; false in love; in-
particular kind of food: state of being concave oV constant. —
Disloy'aliy, adv. Disloy'alty n. —
—
,

like a dish. v. t. [dished (disht), dishing.] To Dismal, diz'mal, a. Gloomy to the eye or ear; sor-
put in a dish, for serving at table; to make like a rowful and depressing to tfie feelings; dreary; dole-
dish; to frustrate or disappoint. ful; sorrowful; melancholy.
Dishabille, dis-a-bil', n. Same as Deshabille. Dismantle, dis-man'tl, v. f. To deprive of dress,
Dishearten, dis-hart'n, v. t. [-heartened (-hart'nd), strip, deprive of apparatus, furniture, equipments,
-ening.] To deprive of heart, courage, or hope; to defenses, or fortifications.
dispirit, depress, deject. Dismast, dis-mast', v. t. To deprive of masts.
Dishevel, dT-shev'l, v. t. [-ei.ed (-Id),-ELING.] To dis- Dismay, dis-ma', v. t. [-mayed (-mad'), -Maying.]
arrange or cause (the hair) to hang loose. To disable with alarm or apprehension to fill with ;

Dishonest, diz- or dis-on'est, a. Wanting in honesty; distressing fear, daunt, appall, —n. Loss of firm-
fraudulent: disposed to deceive characterized by : ness and energy through fear; discouragement; ter-
fraud. —
Dishon'ostly, adv. —
Dishon'esty, n. Want ror horror consternation.
; ;

of honesty, probity, or integrity; violation of trust; Dismember, dis-mem'ber, v. t. [-bered (-berd), -Ber-
dishonor;" unchastity: incontinence. ing.] To divide limb from limb, strip of essential
Dishonor, dis- or diz-bn'er, n. Want of honor; dis- parts, mutilate, sever. —
Di;mem'berment, n. Act
grace; ignominv; shame reproach, —v. t. To de-
; of, or state of being, etc.; mutilation division. :

prive of honor, bring reproach or shame on; to vio- Dismiss, dis-mis', v. t. [-missed (-mist'), -missing.]
late the chastity of. debauch, ravish to refuse to : To send away, cause or permit to go to remove from ;

accept or pay, —
said of a draft or acceptance which office, service, or employment to lay aside or re-
—
;

is due and is presented. —

Dishon'orable, a. Bring- ject, as a petition or motion in court. Dismiss'al,
ing or deserving dishonor: snameful; base; want- -mis'sion, -mish'un,n. Act of dismissing leave to ;

ing in honor: disgraced. —

Dishon'orableness, n. depart: removal from employment; discharge; a
Disincline, dis-in-klin', ?•. t. To excite the dislike or setting aside as trivial or invalid. Dismiss'ive, -iv, —
aversion of. —
Disin'clina'tion, n. State of being a. Giving dismission, or leave to depart. Dim'iss- —
disinclined; unwillingness; aversion repugnance. ; ory, -er-T, a. Dismissive dismissing to another ju-
;

Disinfect, dis-in-fekt'. v. t. To cleanse from infec- risdiction.

tion. —
Disinfect'' ant. n. That which, etc. Disin- — Dismount, dis-mownt', v. i. To come down, descend,
fection, n. Act of, etc. alight fioni a horse.— v. *. To throw or bringdown
Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, a. Not noble: mean; from an elevation, place of honor and authority,
unworthy; wanting in candor or frankness. — Dis- etc. to throw or remove from a horse, or from a
;

ingenuously, adv. —
Disingen'uousness, n. gun carriage to break the carriages of (pieces of
;

Disinherit, dis-ii:-her'it, v. t. To cut off from hered- artillery).

itary right, deprive of an inheritance. Disinher'- — Disobey, 'dis-o-ba', v. t. To neglect or refuse to obey;
itance, -ison, -T-zn, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. to break the commands of. —v. i- To refuse obe-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 DISOBLIGE 111 DISSEMBLE
dience. — Disobe'dience, -dY-ens, Neglect re. or re- to assign to a service or use, bestow for an object or
fusal, etc. — Bisobe'dient, a. Neglecting or refus- purpose ; to give a tendency or inclination esp. to in- ;

ing, etc. — Disobe'diently, adv. cline the mind of. —Disposed', -pozd', p. a. Inclined;
Disoblige, dis-o-bllj', v. t. To offend by an act of un- minded. — Dispos'er, — Disposable, a. Subject
re.

Kindness or incivility to be unaccommodating to.

; to disposal liable to be made use of. — Dispos'al,
;

Disordsr, dis-6r'dgr, n. Want of order neglect of ; -sure, -zhur, re. Act or power of, etc.; direction; dis-
system; breach of public order ; disturbance of the tribution.'— Disposition, -zish'un, re. Act of, or
peace of society ; disturbance of the functions of state, or manner of being, etc. arrangement or- ; ;

the animal economy or of the mind ; malady; dis- der; tendency to any action or state resulting from
temper. —
v. t. To disturb the order of, throw into natural constitution natural aptitude of mind or
;

confusion to make sick to disturb the regular acquired aptitude or character moral character. ;

—
; ;

operations of, derange, discompose. Disorderly, Dispossess, dis-pos-ses' or -poz-zes', v. t. To put out
In a state of disorder.
-It, a. Disor'derliness, re. — of possession, eject. —
Dispossession, -sesh'un or
Disorganize, dis-6r'gan-iz, v. t. To break or destroy -zesh'un, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Law.)
the organic structure or connected system of to ; An injury to real property which consists of a dep-
throw into utter disorder. rivation of possession._
Disown, diz- or di=-on', v. t. To refuse to own or ac- Disproportion, dis-pro-por'shun, re. Want of propor-
knowledge to disavow, disclaim, renounce. tion or symmetry, of suitableness or adequacy. —
;

Disparage, dis-par'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] v. t. To make unsuitable, mismatch. Dispropor- —

To dishonor by comparison with what is inferior, tionate, -tional, -tionate, a. Unsuitable; inade-
injure by depreciating comparisons, decry, under- quate. — Dispropor'tionably, -ally, -ately, adv.
value, detract from, degrade. Disparagement, re. — Disprove, dis-proov', v. t. To prove to be false or er-
Injurious comparison with an inferior indignity roneous; to confute, refute. Disprov'er, re. —Dis- —
—
;

derogation disgrace. ; Disparager, re. — ;

prov'able, a. Disproof, re. Act of, etc. convic- ;

Disparate, dis'pa-rat, a. Unequal unlike dissim- ; ; tion of error refutation.;

ilar. (Logic.) Pert, to 2 coordinate species or di- Dispute, dis-put', v. i. To contend in argument, argue
visions. —
Dis'parates, n. pi. Things so unlike that a question for and against, discuss, debate to
they cannot be compared with each other. —Dis- strive in opposition to a competitor. v. t. To — ;

parity, -par'Y-tY, re. Difference in age, rank, con- argue for and against, discuss to struggle for the ;

dition, or excellence dissimilitude disproportion.

; ; possession of to oppose by argument, call in ques-
;

Dispassion, dis-pash'un, re. Freedom from passion.— tion, controvert, doubt, argue, impugn.— re. Con-
Dispas'sionate, a. Free from, or not dictated by, troversy; debate; struggle; altercation. Disput'er, —
passion cool temperate impartial unruffled.
; ; ; ; Dis'putant, n. One who, etc.— Dis'putable, a. Ca-
Dispatch, dis-pach', Despatch', v. t. [-patched pable of being, etc. controvertible.
; Dis'putable- —
(-pachf), -patching.] To send off on a special er- ness, re. — Disputa'tion, re. Act of, etc. argumenta- ;

rand, usually in haste; to get rid of by sending off ; tion.— Disputa'tious, -shus, Disput'ative, -put'a-tiv,
put out of the way; esp. to put to death, kill; to dis- a. Inclined to dispute apt to cavil or controvert.
;

pose of, as business. v. i. —

To make haste.— re. Disqualify, dis-kwol'Y-fi, v. t. To render unfit, inca-
The sending of a messenger in haste any sending ; pacitate to deprive of legal capacity, power, or
;

away rapid performance, as of business prompt-

; ; right. — DisquaFifica'tion, re. Act of, or state of
ness; speed; a message sent off, esp. from one public being, etc.; disability; esp. legal disability; depriva-
officer to another. tion of legal right or capacity; want of qualification;
Dispel, dis-pel', v. t. [-felled (-peld'), -pelling.] that which disqualifies.
To drive away, banish, dissipate. Disquiet, dis-kwi'et, re. Want of quiet or tranquillity;
Dispense, dis-pens', v. t. [-pensed (-pensf), -pen- uneasiness; restlessness; anxiety, —v. t. To render
sing.] To deal or divide out in portions; to apply, unquiet, make uneasy, disturb. Disqui'eter, re. —
as laws, to particular cases to administer, carry ; Disqui'etness, -etude, -tud, re. Want of peace cr
out. —
v.*. To permit neglect or omission, suspend
—
tranquillity; disturbance; agitation; anxiety.
operation, followed by with. Dispen'sable, a. Disquisition, dis-kwY-zish'un, re. systematic in- A
Capable of being dispensed or administered, of be- quiry into, or discussion of, any subject; elaborate
ing dispensed with. —
Dispen'sary, -sa-rl, n. A argumentative essay; dissertation; an immethodical
place in which medicines and medical advice are discussion.
given gratis to the poor shop in which medicines Disregard, dis-re-gard', v. t. Not to regard; to pay no
are prepared. —
;

Dispensation, re. Act of dispen- heed to, neglect, slight. re. —

Act of, or state of
sing or dealing out thing dispensed ; esp. (TlieoJ.), ; being, etc.; omission to notice. Disregard'er, re.—
a system of principles, promises, and rules ordained Disrepute, dis-re-put'. -rep'uta'tion, re. Loss or want
and administered. The granting of a license, or the li- of reputation or credit; disesteem; dishonor; dis-
cense itself, to do what is forbidden. grace. — Disrep'utablo, a. Not reputable; tending
Disperse, dis-pers', v. t. [-persed (-persf), -pers- to bring into discredit; low; mean; shameful.
ing.] To scatter here and there; to spread, as knowl- Disrespect, dis-re-spekt', re. Want of respect or rev-
edge, light, etc., diffuse, disseminate to cause to erence; incivility; irreverence. v. t. —
To show dis-
vanish or separate. —
v. i. To separate, be dispelled.
;

respect to. —
Disrespectful, -f ul, a. Wanting in re-
—Dispersion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Opt.) spect; uncivil.— Disrespect 'fully, adv.
Separation of light into its different colored rays. Disrupt, dis-rupt', a. Rent asunder; broken. [L. dis
Dispirit, dis-pir'it, v. t. To depress the spirits of and rrtmpere, -ruptum, to break, burst.] Disrup'- —
dishearten, dejpress, daunt, frighten. tion, -ture, -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
Displace, dis-plas', v. t. To change the place of, re- Disrupt'ive, -iv, a. Causing, or accompanied Dy, etc.
• move, put out of place to discharge, depose, dis- Dissatisfy, dis-sat'is-fi, v. t. To render unsatisfied or
miss, discard. —
Displace' able, a.
;

Displace'ment, — discontented; to disple.ase. —

Dissat'isfac'tion, re.
re. Act of, or state of being, etc.; quantity of water State or condition of being dissatisfied or discon-
displaced by a floating body, as by a ship. tented; displeasure; disapprobation; dislike. Dis- —
Display, dis-pla', v. t. [-played (-plad'), -playing.] sat'isfac'tory, -to-rT, a. Causing dissatisfaction.
To unfold, spread wide; to exhibit, set in view os- Dissect, dis-sekt', v. t. To cut in pieces, as an animal
tentatiously, parade, expand. re. An unfolding; — or vegetable, to examine the structure and use of
exhibition manifestation; parade. /r
; its parts; to anatomize; to analyze into its constit-
Displease, dis-plez', v. t. [-pleased (-plezd ), -pleas- uent Darts, for purposes of science or criticism.—
ing.] Not to please to excite a feeling of disap-
; Dissec'tion, re. Act of dissecting, or of separating
probation or dislike in, make angry, offend, disgust, into constituent parts for critical examination.
vex, affront. —
Displeas'ure, -plezh'er, re. The Dissect'or, <"r, n.
feeling of one displeased; slight anger or irritation; Disseize, dis-sez', r. t. (Law.) To deprive of actual
that which displeases. seizin or possession to dispossess wrongfully.
;

Disport, dis-port', re. Play; pastime; diversion, —v. i. Dissemble, dis-sem'bl, v. t. [-sembled (-bid), -bling.]
—
To play, sport. v. t. To divert or amuse. To hide under a false semblance, put an untrue ap-
Dispose, dis-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pOzd',), -posing.] pearance upon, disguise, mask; to make pretense
lo distribute and put in place, set in order, regulate; of, feijjjn, dissimulate, cloak, cover. v.i. To con- —
son, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboir, chair, get.
 DISSEMINATE 112 DISTRAIN
ceal the real fact, motives, intention, or sentiments, staff forholding the flax, tow, or wool, from which
under some pretense. thread is drawn in spinning by hand; the holder of
Disseminate, dis-seml-nat, v. t. To sow, as seed; to a distaff ; a woman.
scatter for growth and propagation; to spread or ex- Distain, dis-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.]
tend by dispersion, diffuse, circulate, disperse. — To stain, sully, disgrace.
Dissem'inalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; Distant, dislaiit, a. Separate; far separated; remote,
diffusion ; dispersion. Dissemlnative, -tiv, a. — \
— in place, time, consanguinity, etc. ; reserved in
Tending to, etc. — Disseminator, n. manners; cold; faint, obscure, as from distance.— —
Dissent, dis-sent', v. i. To differ in opinion, disagree. Dislance, -tans, n. Space between two objects re- ;

{Eccl.) To differ from the established church. To

[

moteness of place interval of time respect cere-

; ; ;

be of a contrary nature. n. Act of dissenting; dif- — i

moniousness— v.t. [distanced (-tanst), -tancing.]

ference of opinion; disagreement. {Eccl.) Separa-
j

To place at, or cause to appear as if at, a distance;

tion from an established church, esp. that of Eng- to leave behind in a race, surpass, excel.
land. —
Dissenfer, n. One who dissents; esp. a Distaste, dis-tasf, n. Aversion of the taste; dislike
Protestant who dissents from the church of England.
j

of food or drink; disrelish; disgust; alienation of af-

— Dissen'sion, -shun, n. Violent disagreement in fection; displeasure; dissatisfaction. v. t. Not to —
—
!

opinion; breach of friendship and union; strife. have relish for; to dislike the taste of, loathe. Dis-
Dissertation, dis-ser-ta'shun, n. formal or elabo- A tasteful, -ful, a. Unpleasant to the taste; displeas-
rate discourse, disquisition, essay. ing to the feelings; nauseous; offensive; repulsive;
/r
Disserve, dis-serv , v. t. To injure, hurt, harm.— manifesting dislike. —
Distastelully, adv.
DisserVice, -is, n. Injury mischief. ;
|

Distemper, dis-tem /'per, n. morbid state of the A

Dissever, dis-sev'er, v. t. To part in two, divide asun- animal system, —esp. of brutes; ill humor, or bad
A
I

der, sever. temper. {Paint.) preparation of opaque or body

Dissident, dis'si-dent, a. Not agreeing; dissenting.— |
colors, with size instead of oil destemper. v. t. ; —
n. {Eccl) One who separates from the established [distempered (-perd), -pering.] To derange the
religion a dissenter.
; Dis'sidence, n. Disagree- — functions of, whether bodily or mental, bring dis-
ment; dissent. ease upon to disturb, make ill-humored. {Paint.)
—
;

Dissimilar, dis-sim'T-ler, a. Unlike; heterogeneous. To make into distemper. Distem'perature, -chur,

— Dissimilarity, -lar'T-H, n. Want of resemblance n. Commixture of contrarieties; confusion; dis-
tmlikeness; dissimilitude. Dissimilarly, -ler-lT, — turbance; slight illness; mental uneasiness.
adv. —Dis'similltude, -tud, n. Want of similitude; Distend, dis-tend', v. t. To lengthen out, stretch or
unlikeness dissimilarity. {Rhet.) comparison A spread in all directions, dilate, expand, swell.— v. i.
—
;

by contrast. Dissimlilato, -lat, v. i. To dissemble, To become expanded or inflated.— DistenSible, -sT-

feign. —
Dissim'ulalion, n. Act of, etc. bl, a.— Distention, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
Dissipate, dis'si-pat, v. t. To drive asunder; to de- space occupied by the thing distended.
stroy by wasteful extravagance, scatter, spend, Distich, dislik, n. {Pros.) couple of verses mak- A
squander, consume, lavish. v. i. To separate and — ing complete sense; a couplet of 2 lines, of different
disappear, waste away, vanish; to be extravagant, kinds of verse, repeated in the same order.
wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure. Distill, dis-tiK, v. i. [-tilled (-tild'), -tilling.] To
Dissipation, n. Act of dissipating or dispersing fall in drops, flow gently; to use a still, practice dis-
state of dispersion a dissolute course of life pro- tillation.— v. t. To let fall in drops; to subject to,
;

fuseness in vicious indulgences a trifle distracting

;

or obtain by, distillation to rectify, purify. Dis- —

;

— —
;

attention; state of distracted attention. r DistilKable, a. Distillation, nr Act

till er, n.
Dissociate, dis-so'shl-at, v. t. To separate, disunite. of falling in drops operation of extracting spirit
— Disso'cialion, -shl-a'shun, n. Act of dissocia-
;

from a substance by evaporation and condensation;

ting; state of separation; disunion. (Chern.) Decom- rectification; substance extracted by distilling.
position of chemical bodies effected by heat or me- DistiU/ery, -er-Y, n. Works where distilling is car-
chanical force, without intervention of chemical at- ried on.
traction. Distinguish, dis-tin , gwish, v. t. [-guished (-gwisht),
Dissolve, diz-zolv'', v. t. [-solved (-zolvdO, -solv- -guishing.] To separate or recognize by visible
ing.] To separate into component parts; to break marks; to separate by definition of terms or logical
the continuity of, disconnect; to convert into a liq- division of a subject; to recognize by characteristic
uid, melt, liquefy; to destroy the power of; to ter- qualities; to make to differ, discriminate to make em- ;

minate, cause to disappear. {Law.) To annul, re- inent or known, honor.— v. i. To make distinctions,
scind. —
v. i. To waste away, be dissipated; to be- exercise discrimination.— Distinguished, -gwisht,
come fluid, be melted to fade away, vanish. — p. a. Having distinction; eminent; noted; illustrious.
— —
;

Dissolv'able, a. Dissolv'ent, a. Having power to Distinguishing, p. a. Constituting difference, or

melt or dissolve. n. That which has, etc.; a men- distinction from everything else peculiar char-
—
struum; solvent. Dissolv'er, n. —Dissoluble, dis" -
-
acteristic. —
Distinct, dis-tiijkt /\ a. Having the dif-
; ;

so-lu-bl, a. Capable of being dissolved, liquefied, ference marked distinguished spotted varie-
or disunited. —
Dis'solute, -lut, a. Abandoned to
;

gated; separate in place; not united by growth or

; ;

vicious pleasures; wanton; vicious; licentious; lewd; otherwise different individual not to be con-
— ; ; ;

debauched. Dis'solutely, adv.— Dissoluteness, n. founded with any other thing; definite; clear; ob-
— Dissolution, n. Act of dissolving, sundering, or vious. —Distinctly, adv. Distinctness, n. Dis- — —
separating into component parts change from a ; tinction, n. Marking off by visible signs divis- ;

solid to a fluid state; chaage of form by chemical ion discrimination distinguishing quality
; ; esti- ;

agency; dispersion of an assembly by terminating mation of difference; conspicuous station; superi-

its sessions; breaking up of a partnership; extinc- ority; rank; note; eminence. Distinctive, -iv, a. —
tion of life state of being dissolved destruction.
; ; Marking or expressing distinction. Distinctively, —
Dissonant, dis'so-nant, a. Discordant; unharmonious; adv. With distinction; plainly.
disagreeing incongruous.
; Dissonance, -nancy, — Distort, dis-tdrf, v.t. To twist out of natural shape,
-sY, n. A mingling of discordant sounds jargon ; ; force out of the true posture or direction, wrest
incongruity; inconsistency. from the true meaning, deform, pervert, bend.—
Dissuade, dis-swad', v. t. To advise or Distortion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. visi- ;

exhort against.— Dissuasion, -zhun, ble deformity. —

Distortlve, -iv, a. Causing or
n. Act of dissuading exhortation having distortions.
—
;

against a thing a dissuasive. Dis-; Distract, dis-trakt /', v. t. To perplex, confuse ; to

suaSive, -siv, a. Tending to dis- agitate by conflicting passions; to render insane,
suade. — n. An argument, or coun- craze,— used in the p. p. Distradion, n. Con- —
sel, employed to deter one from a fusion of attention, or of affairs perturbation of
measure. mind; a state of disordered reason. Distractlve,
;

—
Dissyllable, dis-silla-bl, n. word of A -iv, a. Causing perplexity. Distraught', -trawt', —
2 syllables only. Dissyllabic, a. — a. Distracted.
Consisting of, etc. Distrain, dis-tran r v. t. [-trained (-trandO, -train-
,
vision.
,
i;
Distaff, dislaf , n. ; pi. Distaffs. The ing.] {Law.) To seize for debt, without legal pro-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, Ice ; Sdd, t5ne, 8r
 DISTRIBUTE 113 DIVORCE
cess. — Distrainer, -Sr, n. — Dislrict, n. A defined — Di'ver, n. One who
dives, or who goes deeply into
portion of a state or city for legislative, elective, or a business. (Ornith.) A bird of certain genera,
other purposes; portion bf territory of undefined ex- given to diving. —
Drving-bell, n. A hollow vessel,
tent; quarter; tract; region; country. v.t. To di- — orig. bell-shaped, air-tight, except at the bottom, in
vide into districts. —
Distress', n. Extreme suffer- which one may go into deep water. Dive'dapper, —
ing, of body or mind that which occasions suffer-
; n. (Ornith.) The didapper, q. v.
r
ing state of danger or necessity. {Law.) The act
; Diverge, di-verj' v. i. [-verged (-verjdO, -ver-
,

of distraining; thing taken by distraining, —v. t. ging.] To tend from a common point in different
[distressed (-tresf), -tressing.] To cause pain directions; to deviate gradually from a given line;
or anguish to. {Law.) To seize for debt, distrain. to vary from a type, or a normal state, or from the
— Distressful, -ful, a. Inflicting, indicating, or pro- truth. —Diverge'ment, Divergence, -gency, -si, n.
ceeding from, distress. A receding from each other in radiating lines. Di- —
Distribute, dis-trib'ut, v. t. To divide among sev- vergent, a. Deviating gradually, etc.
eral to dispense, administer, apportion, allot, as-
; Divert, dT-verf, v. t. To turn oft from any course,
sign; to divide or separate, as into classes, orders, direction, or intended application to turn from
etc.— v. i. To make distribution. Distribution, n. — business or study; to please, amuse.
;

Divers, di'- —
Act of distributing or dispensing; almsgiving; sepa- verz, a. Several"; sundry; more than one, but not
ration into parts or classes; classification; arrange- —
many. Di'verse, -vers, a. Different in kind; un-
ment of topics in a discourse. (Print.) The sepa- like dissimilar. —
adv. In different directions. —
ration of type, and placing each letter in its proper
;

Diversely, adv. In different ways, or directions. —

box. —Distributive, -tiv, a. Tending to distribute Diversity, -tT, n. A state of difference unlike-
dealing to each his share. ness; multiplicity of difference; variety. Diver- — ;

District. See under Distrain. sion, -shun, n. Act of turning aside, from any oc-
Distrust, dis-trusf, v. t. Not to confide in or rely cupation, object, etc.; that which diverts from care
upon; to mistrust, disbelieve. n. Doubt of re- — or amuses solace ; recreation sport. (M7.) Act
ality or sincerity; suspicion of evil designs. Dis- — of
;

drawing the attention and force of an enemy

;

trustful, -ful, a. Apt to distrust suspicious. ; from the principal point of attack. — Divert Ive, -iv,
Disturb, dis-tlrb', v. t. [-turbed (-terbd'), -ttjrb- a. Tending to divert amusing. —
Diversify, -f 1,
;

ing.] To throw into confusion; to interfere with, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make diverse or
terminate abruptly; to agitate the mind of, render various in form or qualities.
uneasy, discompose, perplex, trouble. Disturb- — Divest, dT-vesf, v. t. To strip, as of clothes, arms, or
ance, -ans, a. Derangement of the regular course of equipage; to deprive.— Divestiture, -I-chur, n. Act
things; confusion of the mind; public commotion; of, or state of being, etc.
brawl; disorder. Divide, dT-vid"\ v. t. To sever into parts; to cause to
Disunite, dis-u-mt r v. t. To destroy the continuity
, be separate to make partition of among a number,
;

or union of; to break the concord of, divide, sever, apportion; to make discordant or hostile; to separate
sunder, separate, —v. i. To part, become separate. into 2 parts, for ascertaining opinions for and
— Disu'nity, -nT-tl, n. State of separation. Dis- — against a measure. (Logic.) To separate into
union, -un'yun, n. Termination of union; a breach species, —v. i. To part, open; to vote by separating
of concord and its effect; in U. S., severance by any a legislative house into 2 parts. —
Dividend, n. The
State of connection with the Federal government. share of interest or profit of stock in trade, etc., be-
— Disunlonist, n. An advocate of disunion. longing to each proprietor. (Arith.) number or A
Disuse, dis-us', n. Cessation of use, practice, or ex- quantity to be divided. —
Divid'er, n. One who, or
ercise; cessation of custom desuetude. —Disuse, that which, divides esp. (pi.) an instrument for
-uz', v. t. [-used (-uzd'), -using.] To cease to use
; ;

dividing lines, describing circles, etc.; compasses. —

or practice, desist from employing; to disaccustom. Divisible, -viz'I-bl, a. Capable of being, etc
— Disu'sage, -zej, n. Gradual cessation of use, etc. Divisibility, n. Quality of being divisible. Di- —
Ditch, dich, n. A
trench in the earth, esp. one for vision, -vizh /'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
draining wet land, for fencing inclosures, etc.; a that which divides; portion separated by the divid-
fosse or moat. See Ravelin. r. t. [ditched — ing of a mass; difference in opinion or feeling; dif-
(dicht), ditching.] To dig a ditch in. v. i. To — ference of condition; separation of the members of
make a ditch. a deliberative body to ascertain the vote. (Arith.)
Dittany, difta-nT, n. (Bot.) An aromatic perennial Process of finding how many times one number or
plant, whose leaves smell like lemon-thyme, and quantity is contained in another; rule by which the
yield an essential oil. operation is performed. (Mil.) A
section of an
Ditto, ditlo, contr. Do., n. That which has been army or fleet, complete in itself, and commanded by
said; the aforesaid thing; same thing. adv. As — a general officer. —
Divisional, a. Marking, express-
before; in the same manner; also. ing, or making division; pert, to a division or dis-
Ditty, dit'ti, n. A
song; esp. a little poem to be sung. trict. —
Divi'sive, -siv, a. Forming division or dis-
Diuresis, di-u-re'sis, n. (Med.) Excretion of urine. tribution; creating division or discord. Divi'sor, —
— Diuretic, a. Exciting the secretion and discharge -zer, n. (Arith.) The number by which the div-
of urine. — n. A
medicine which, etc. idend is divided.— Common divisor. Any number
Diurnal, di-er'nal, a. Pert, to the daytime; daily; dividing 2 or more numbers without a remainder.
recurring every day performed in a
; Divine, dl-vln', a. Pert, to, proceeding from, or ap-
day; constituting the measure of a propriated to God, or celebrating his praise; above
day. (Bot.) Opening during the day, what is human superhuman; godlike holy; sa-
and closing at night. n. —
book of A
;

cred; pert, to divinity or theology. n. priest; — ;

A
the daily service of the Rom. Cath. clergyman; one skilled in divinity; theologian.—
Church for the " little hours." — v. t: [divined (-vindO) -vining.] To foresee or
Diur'nally, adv. Daily every day. ; foreknow, foretell, presage, prognosticate, v. i. —
Diuturnal, di-u-ter'nal, a. Of long To practice divination, impart presages of the fu-
continuance. ture, have presages or forebodings, conjecture. —
Divan, dl-van', n. A
book; collection Divin'er, n. One who practices divination. Div- —
of poems; account-book a council; inalion, n. Act or art of divining or foretelling
the Turkish council of state royal
;

future events: augury; omen. —

Divinely, adv. In
court; court of justice; office for cus-
;

a godlike mannerf by the agency of God. Divin r- —

toms; the council chamber: audience ing-rod, n. A
forked rod, commonly of hazel, used
—
chamber saloon for company a
; ; by seekers for water or' metals under ground.
kind of cushioned seat. Divinity, -vin't-tf, n. State of being divine; god-
Divaricate, di-var'T-kat, v. i. To part into 2 branches; head; the Deity; God; a false god; a celestial being,
to open, fork, diverge from. v. t. To divide into — inferior to God, but superior to man; supernatural
2 branches. a.— (not.) Widely divergent. power or virtue; awe-inspiring character; supreme
Dive, div, v. i. [dived (divd), diving.] To descend dignity; science of divine things; theology.
or plunge into water head first; to plunge thorough- Divisible, Division, etc. See under Divide.
ly into any business or condition; to sink, penetrate. Divorce, dt-vors', n. (Law.) A
legal dissolution of

sun, cube, full ; moon, i'dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, &en, boNboN, chair, get.
 DIVULGE 114 DOMESTIC
the marriage contract; separation of a married worn- I some skillful movement ; a dexterous device or
an from the bed and board of her husband separa- ; I trick.
tion of things closely united the sentence or writ- ; :
Dodo, do'do, ;?.,- pi. Do'does, -doz. large bird A
ing dissolving marriage.— v. t. [divorced (-vorsf), of Mauritius, now extinct.
Doe, do, n. A she-deer esp. the female of the fallow-
j

-vorcixg.J To separate by divorce, disunite, sun-

der.
]

deer. —Boe'skin, n. Skin of the

;

doe ; compact,
Divulge, dY-vulj', v. t. [-vulged (-vuljd'), -vixgixg.] twilled woolen cloth.
To make public, disclose, impart. Doff, dof, v. t. [doffed (doft), doffixg.] To put off
Dizen, diz'n or di'zn, v. t. [dizexed (-znd), dizex- (dress) to rid one's self of, defer.
;

ixg.] To dress gaudily, deck, overdress. Dog, dog, n. A

quadruped of the genus Canis; a
Dizzy, diz'f, a. Having a sensation of vertigo; giddy: mean, worthless fellow: a fellow, used humor- —
confused indistinct causing giddiness unr'erlect- >
ously. (Afiron.) One of the 2 constellations in the
—
; ; ;

ing; heedless. v. t. To make giddy, confuse. southern hemisphere. An andiron. (Mech.) A

Djinn, jin, n. See Jinnee. grappling iron an iron with fangs to secure a log
;

Do, do, n. (Mux.) A syllable attached to the 1st tone !

to be sawed; a catch or clutch, esp. the carrier of a
of the major diatonic scale for solmization. lathe, and an adjustable stop to change the motion
Do, dob, v. t. or auxiliary, [imp. did p. p. doxe ; of a machine tool. v. t. —
[dogged (dogd), dog-
(dun) doixg.] To perform, execute, make to To follow insidiously or persistently to
|

ging.]
;

produce, as an effect or result to perform com-

; i

worry hunt. —
Dog'ged, a. Surly obstinate.
;

—
—
; ;

—
! ;

pletely, finish, accomplish to cook completely ; to ; Dog'gedly, adv. Dog'gedness, n. Dog'gish, a.

—
I

translate or transform into, as a written text; to de- j

Churlish snappish. ; Dog's-ear, dogz'er, n. The
ceive, play a trick upon, hoax, humbug. (Stock corner of the leaf of a book turned down.— v. t. To
Exchange.) To cash or advance money for, as a turn down, etc.— Dog'-eared, -erd, a. Having the
j

bill or note. v. i. —
To act or behave to fare ; to
|

corners, etc. —
Dog'gerel, -ger-el, a. Low in style
be in a state with regard to health.
; !

and irregular in measure, said of poetry. n. — —

Do, doo, v. i. To be worth, be fit, avail, manage, ac- j
Mean 1 undignified verse.
complish a purpose,— as. this will do. Doge, doj, n. The chief magistrate in the republics of
Do., in-on. dit'to. See Ditto. A enice and Genoa.
Docile, dos'il, a. Teachable ready to learn tract- ; ; Dogma, dog/ma, n. ; E. pi. -mas, -maz L. pi. -mata, ;

able. —Docil'ity, -H, n. Teachableness. Doc'ible, — -ma-ta. That which is held as an opinion an es-
— Doc'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n.
:
j

a. Docile. tablished tenet ; peremptory opinion, a principle of

Dock, dok, n. A
plant, some species of which are doctrine asserted without sufficient evidence. Dog- —
weeds, having a long tap-root. mat'ic, -ica!, a. Pert, to a dogma; disposed to assert
Dock, dok, v. t. [docked (dokt), docking.] To cut authoritatively; magisterial; positive.— Dogmatic-
—
:

off, as the end of a thing, curtail, clip to deduct ; ally, adv. Arrogantly: positively. Dogmafics, n.
from ; to destroy or defeat, bar. n. The stump of — sing. Science of Christian doctrines doctrinal the- ;

a tail, or part left after clipping case to cover a ology. —Dog'matism, -tizm, n. Arrogance or posi-
horse's clipped tail. Dock'et, n. — summary or
;

A tiveness in opinion. —
Dog'matize, v. i. T-tized
digest a label tied to goods. (Laiu.) An abridged
; i (-tizd), -tizixg.] To assert positively teach with ;

entry of proceedings in an action, or list of such en- ! bold and undue confidence.— Dog'matist, -tiz'er, n.
tries; list of causes ready for hearing cr trial. list A '

Doily, doi'lT, n. A
small napkin, generally colored,
of matters to be acted on in any assembly. v. t. To — used with fruit and wine.
make an abstract of the heads of; to enter in a dock- j

I Dole, dol, n. Act of dividing and distributing thing ;

et, mark the contents of on the back, as of papers. I distributed; alms; gratuity.— v. t. [doled (dold),
Dock, dok, n. An inclosure or basin to receive vessels; |
doling.] To deal out in small portions ; distribute.
space between 2 piers for ships; place where the ac- Doleful. doKful, a. Full of grief; piteous; rueful; wo-
cused stands in court. v. t. —
To place in a dock. J

ful; dismal.— Dole'some, -sum, a. Doleful; sorrow-

—
Doctor, dok'ter, n. One qualified to teach; a learned ful. — Do'lor, n. Pain grief distress anguish.
: ; ;

man one who has received the highest degree in a

j

; |
DoKorous, -us, a. Full of, or occasioning grief;
faculty; one licensed to practice medicine ; a physi- I
painful ; distressing.
cian a mechanical contrivance to remedy a diffi-
; Doll, dol, n. A puppet or image of a baby for a child.
culty. —v. /. [doctored (-terd), -torixt g.] To at- Dollar, doKler, n. A silver com of the TJ. S., equal to
tend or treat as a physician ; to make a doctor; to 100 cents a coin of similar value, current in Mex-
;

alter for the better to adulterate, tamper with, fal-

; ico, S. Amer., Spain, etc.; the value of a dollar.
sify.— v.i. To practice physic— DoCtoral, a. Pert, Dolman, dol'man, n. A lady's cloak.
to the degree or practice of a doctor. Doc'torate. — Dolphin, doKfin, n. (Ichth.) cetaceous mammal, the A
-at, -ship, n. The degree of a doctor. Doe'toress,
— — true dolphin also a fish of about 5 feet in length,
;

Doc'tress, n. A
female doctor. Doc'trine,-trin, n. celebrated for its changes of color when dying.
Act of teaching instruction thing taught; bodv of
; ; (Entom.) A species of aphis infesting beans. (Naut.)
principles in any branch of knowledge dogma ; : A rope or strap wound round a mast to support
tenet.— Doctrinal, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.— the puddening when the lower yards rest in the
Doctrinaire' ."-tre-nar'. n. One who rigidly ap- slings a spar secured to an anchor to which cables
;

Elies to practical concerns the abstract doctrines of may be bent; a mooring-post.

is own philosophical system; a political theorist Dolt.'dolt, n. A heavy, stupid fellow, blockhead, ig-
propounder of new opinions. a. Pert, to, etc. — ;

noramus, dunce, simpleton.

DoCument, n. An original or official paper, relied Domain, do-man', n. Dominion; authority; territory
upon as the basis or support of anything else. v. t. — over which dominion is exerted; landed property;
To furnish with documents.— Document'al, a. Pert, estate; esp. land about the mansion-house of a lord,
to, consistingin, or derived from, etc. Document'- — and in his immediate occupancy. (Law.) Owner-
ary, -rT, a. Pert, to written evidence consisting in ; ship of land, estate, or patrimony, in one's own
documents. right.
Dodecagon, do-dek'a-gon, n. (Geom.) A regular polv Dome, dom, n. A building: house. (Arch.) A struc-
gon, bounded by 12 equal ture above the roof, usually hemispherical in form;
sides, and containing 12 cupola; an erection resembling a cupola.
equal angles. DodeCa- — Domestic, do-mes'tik, a. Pert, to the house or home,
he'dron, n. A regular to one's place of residence and family, also to a na-
solid contained under 12 tion considered as a family, or to one's own coun-
equal and regular penta- try; intestine; remaining much at home: devoted to
gons a solid having 12
; home duties or pleasures; living near the habitations
equal faces. of man; tame; made in one's own house, nation, or
Dodge, doj, v. i. [dodged country. n. —
One who lives in the family of an-
(dojd), DODGING.] To other, as hired assistant: pi. articles of home manu-
6tart suddenly aside, be facture, esp. cotton goods.— Domes'ticate, -kat, v.t.
evasive, quibble. v. t. — Dodecahedrons. To make domestic, conduct as if at home, accustom
To evade by starting aside. n. Act of evading by to live near the habitations of man, tame.— Domes'-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Gr
 DOMINATE 115 DOUBLE
tica'tion, n. Act of domesticating. — Domesticity, 1

Dorian, do'ri-an, Doric, dorlk, a. Pert, to Doris, or

-tis'i-tl, n. State of being domestic; a household the Dorian race, in ancient Greece. (Arch.) Pert.
act or life. —Domicile, -sil, h. An abode or man- |
to, or resembling, the 2d order of columns, between
sion; place of permanent residence. (Law.) Resi- |
the Tuscan and louic. See Capital.
dence at a particular place accompanied with proof Dormant, dQrlnant, a. Sleeping; not in action; qui-
of an intention to remain there. —
v. t. [domiciled escent; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on. (Her.)
(-sild), -oiling.] To establish in a fixed residence. In a sleeoing posture. —
n. (Arch.) The large beam
— Domicil /'iary, -sil'T-a-rf or -sil'ya-rl, a. Pert, to lying across a room; a joist; sleeper. Dormancy, —
domicile, or the jesidence of a person or family. — -si, n. State of being dormant.
Domiciliate, -I-at, v. t. To domicile. — Dor'mer, D.-wm'dow, n.
Dominate, dom'I-nat, v. t. To predominate over, rule, (Arch.) A vertical window on
govern.— v. i. To predominate.— Dominance, -nan- the inclined roof of a house.
cy, -si, n. Ascendency; authority. —Dominant, a. Dor'mitive, -tiv, n. (Med.) A
Ruling; prevailing; predominant. — ». (Mus.) The medicine to promote sleep; an
5th tone of the scale. —
Domination, re. Act of dom- opiate, narcotic, soporific— «.
inating; exercise of power in ruling; government; Causing sleep.— Dor'mitory, -ri,
authority; the 4th of the supposed orders of angeli- n. A room or set of rooms for
cal beings.— Domlnative, -tiv, a. Ruling; imperi- sleeping in; bed-room. Dormer-window.
ous.— Domlnator, -ter, n. A
ruler or ruling power; Dormouse, ddr'mows, n. ; pi. -mice,
predominant influence.— Domineer'', v. i. [-xeeked -mis. A small rodent mammal which feeds on
(-nerd'), -NEERIJTG.] To rule with insolence or ar- acorns, nuts, etc., like the squirrel, and is torpid in
bitrary sway. —Dominion, -yun, re. Supreme au- winter.
thority; predominance; territory over which author- Dorsal, dor'sal, a. Pert, to the back.
ity is exercised. —Dominical, a. Pert, to, or given Dory, doll, n. A
fish. See Doree.— canoe or A
by, our Lord; indicating Sunday. small boat.
Dominie, doni'l-nl, n. In Scot., a schoolmaster, par- Dose, dos, n. Quantity of medicine given at one time;
son. —Domino, re. ; pi. -xos or -xoes, -noz. cape A as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive;
—
with a hood, formerly worn anything nauseous that one must take. v. t.
by priests over head and face; [dosed (dost), dosixg.] To form into doses, give
a hood worn by canons of a in doses, give medicine to, give potions to constantly
cathedral church; a woman's and without need, give anything nauseous to.
mourning veil, or half-mask; Dost. dust. Second, pers. pr. of do.
a loose cloak, with a hood, Dot, dot, n. A small spot, made with a pen or point.
used as a disguise; one wear- "r-^: — v. t. To mark with dots or specks, diversify with
ing a domino, pi. Agame small detached objects. ?), —
i. To make dots or
played with 23 pieces of ivory,
Dominos. specks. —
Dot'ted, p. a. Marked with dots; diver-
indented with spots from a 1 to double 6. One of the sified with small, detached objects. Dotted note. —
pieces of the game. —Don, re. Sir; .Mr. Signor, ; a — (Mus.) A note followed by a dot to indicate an in-
title of courtesy in Spain; a grand personage, or one crease of length equal to A of its simple value. D.
affecting consequence, pi. The heads of colleges rest. A rest lengthened by ™a dot. [Notes and rests
—
and fellows of English universities. Dona, don'ya, are sometimes iollowed by dots, to indica
1

n. Lady; Mistress; Madam, —

a Spanish title" of crease of length equal to § of their simple lue.]
courtesy for women. —
Don'na, -na, n. The title of
a lady in Italy. —
Duenna, doo-en'na, n. ; pi. -nas,
-naz. The chief lady in waiting on the Queen of
Spain; an elderly lady in charge of young ladies in
Spain or Portugal; a governess.
Don, don, v. t. [doxxed (dond), doxxixg.] To put $J Dotted Notes and Rests.
on, invest one's self with, —
opp. to doff. Dot, a dowry, Dotal, Dotation. See under Dower.
Donate, do'nat. v. t. To give, esp. for a specific ob- Dote, dot, v. i. To have the intellect impaired, esp.
ject.— Dona'tion, n. Act of giving; thing given or by age, so that the mind wavers; to be excessively or
bestowed, gift, grant. (Law.) Act by which one foolishly fond. —
Do'ter, -tard, n. One who, etc.—
transfers to another the title to a thing of which he Do'tage, -tej, n. Childishness: imbecility; senility;
is owner, without any consideration.— Do'nor, -ngr, excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.
n. A giver; benefactor. (Law.) One who confers a Dotlard, re. A decayed tree. —Dot 'terel, -ter-el,
power. — Donee', -He', n. One to whom a gift is -trel, n.A wading bird, like the plover, easily taken
made. (Law.) Party executing a power; appointor. by stratagem; a sillv fellow; dupe.
Done. See Do. Double, dubl, a. Twofold multiplied by 2 in-
; ;

Done, dun, p. p. Given out; issued; made public,— creased by its'equivalent; in pairs; presenting 2 of
used in the dating clause of an official public docu- a set together ; coupled ; divided into 2
vacilla- ;

ment. ting; deceitful. ( Bot.) Having several rows of pet-

Donjon, dun'jun, n. A tower in ancient castles, the als formed by cultivation from stamens and car-
strongest part of the fortifications; the keep. See pels. — adv. Twice; twofold. — v. t. [doubled
Castle. [Same as dungeon, q. v.] (-Id), -lixg.] To multiply by 2, make twice as
Donkey, don'kl, n. ;pl. -keys, -kiz. An as?, or mule; great, duplicate; to fold one part upon another part
a stupid or obstinate fellow. —
Don'key-en'gine, re. of; to contain or be worth twice as much as; to pass
A small assistant engine in steam-vessels. around or by. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so
Donna. See under Dominie. as to form one. —
v. i. To increase or grow to twice
Donor. See under Doxate. as much; to return upon one's track. (Print.) To
Doodle, doo'dl, n. A trifter, sinrpleton. set up a word or phrase a second time by mistake.—
Doom, doom, ». t. [doomed (doomd), doomixg.] To re. Twice as much; that which is doubled together;
pronounce sentence or judgment on, condemn; to a plait; fold; a turn in running to escape pursuers;
ordain as penalty; to mulct or tine; to assess a tax a trick: shift; artifice; a counterpart; a roofing
upon; to destine, fate.— n. Judicial sentence; penal slate of the smallest size used. Doubler, n. — —
decree: that to which one is sentenced; penalty; un- Doubly, -II, adv. In twice the quantity. Doub'- —
happy fate. leness, n. —
Double-entendre, doo'bl-ox-toN'dr, n.
Door, dor, n. An opening in the wall of a house for An expression admitting of a double interpretation,
going in and out at; frame by which such an open- one of which is often indelicate.— Doublet, n. Two
ing is closed; means of access; entrance-way, and of the same kind; a pair; couple. (Print.) word A
the apartment to which it leads. or phrase unintentionally doubled. Inner garment
Dor, Dorr, d6r, Dor'-beetle, Dor'-bug, n. A large, of a man; waistcoat. (Lapidari/Work.) counter- A
destiuctive tree-beetle; the cockchafer; May-bug; — feit stone, composed of 2 pieces of crystal, with color
the imago of the voracious white grub-worm. between them. (Opt.) An arrangement of two
Doree, do-re' or dolt, Doly, -rf, John'-dory, n. lenses for a microscope, to correct spherical aberra-
An acanthopterygious fish, of a golden yellow color. tion and chromatic dispersion. iil. Two dice, hav-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 DOUBT 116 DRAGON
ing each the same number of spots on the upper ward. — n. (Mining.) The ventilating shaft down
face. — Doubloon', -loon', n. A Spanish and Portu- which air passes to a mine.
guese coin, double the value of the pistole, worth Dowry. See under Dower.
nearlv $16. Dowse, dows, v. t. [dowsed (dowst), dowsing.] To
Doubt," do wt, ». i. To be in uncertainty respecting strike in the face, (^aut.) To strike or lower in
anvthing to be undetermined, waver, fluctuate,
; haste, slacken suddenly. To extinguish.
hesitate; to fear, be apprehensive, scruple, suspect. Doxology. doks-ol'o-ji, n. short hymn of praise to A
— v. t. To question or hold questionable, hesitate God. —
Doxolog'ical. a. Pert, to, etc.
to believe: to fear, apprehend, suspect, believe. Doze, doz, o. i. [dozed (dozd), dozing] To slum-
n. Uncertainty of mind or of condition; fear: dif- ber, sleep lightly, be drowsy or half asleep. v.t. —
ficulty expressed or urged for solution objection. ; To pass or spend in drowsiness. n. Alight sleep — ;

Doubt'ful, -ful. a. Not settled in opinion: admit- drowse: slumber.

ting of doubt'; not clear or certain: not easy to be Dozen, duz'n, ;;. : pi. Dozen (before another noun)
denned, classed, or named: ambiguous: equivocal; or Dozens, A collection of 12 individuals a
-nz.
of uncertain issue: affected by fear. —
Doubt'fully. set of 12; an indefinite number.
;

ai lc — Doubt'fulness, n. —
Doubt' less, adv. With- Drab, drab, A woman of vile character a strum-
n. ;

—
.

out doubt or question; unquestionably. Du'bious, pet prostitute. A thick, woolen cloth of a dun
-M-us, a. Doubtful. —
Du'biously, adv.
;

color: a dull brownish-yellow or gray color. a. Of —

Douceur, dod-ser', n. A present: gift; bribe. a dun color.
Douche, doosh. n. A jet of water or vapor directed Drabble, drab'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To
upon part of the body, to benefit it medicinally. draggle; to wet and befoul. v. i. To fish for bar- —
Dough, do, n. A mass"of flour or meal moistened and bels with a long line and rod. Draff, draf, n. Ref- —
kneaded, but not yet baked. use; lees; dregs; hog-wash: grains given to cows.
Doughty, dow'tT, a. Characterized by bravery; val- Drachma, drak'ma, n. ; E. pi. -mas, -maz, L. pi. -m.e,
iant: redoubtable. -me. A
Greek silver coin a Greek weight of about ;

Douse, dows, v. t. [doused (dowst), dousing.] To 2 dwt. 7 gr. Troy. Dram. Drachm, dram, n. In —
thrust or plunge into water to dip. [Xot the same
; apothecaries' weight, 1-Sth ounce, or 60 grains; in
as dowse, q. v.] avoirdupois weight, 1-lCth ounce; a minute quan-
Dove, duv, n. A
bird of the pigeon family, some spe- tity, mite; as much liquor as is drunk at once; ha-
cies of which are domesticated; a pigeon; esp. tame bitual intemperance.
pigeon. —
Dove'-cot. -cote, -kot, n.
—
A Draconian, dra-ko'nl-an, a. Pert, to Draco, an Athe-
building or box for doves. Dove'- nian lawgiver, who punished all crimes with death;
tail. n. (Carp.) A
joint or tenon rigorous crueL ;

made by letting one piece, in the Draft, draft, n. Act of drawing, esp. of loads by
form of" a dove's tail spread, into a beasts. (Mil.) A selection of men from a military
corresponding cavity in another, so band, also from any collection of persons. An or-
that it cannot be drawn out. —v. t. der directing the payment of money bill of ex- ;

[-tailed (-tald), -tailing.] To unite change; deduction from the gross weight of goods ;

bv, etc.; to fit ingeniously. Dovetails. a figure described on paper sketch outline depth ; ; ;

Dover's Powder, do'verz-pow'der. of water necessary to float a ship a current of air.

(Med.) A compound of ipecacuanha, opium, and — v. t. To draw the outline of, delineate to com-
;

sugar of milk, a sedative and sudorific. pose and write to draw from a military band or
:

Dowable, Dowager. See under Dower. post, or from any company; to detach. Drafts r - —
Dowdy, dow'dl. a. Awkward; vulgar-looking, —n. man, n. Same as Draughtsman. —Drafts, n. A
An awkward, ill-dressed woman. Dow'diness. n. — game. [See Draughts, under Draw.]
Dowel, dow'el, v.t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To fasten Drag, drag, v. t. [dragged (dragd), dragging.] To
together by dowels. n. —
A dowel-pin; a piece of draw along by main force, pull, haul to pulverize ;

wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be (land) by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to pass
nailed to it. —
Dow'el-pin. n. A pin of wood or metal through (water) with a drag to draw along labori- ;

used for joining two pieces, as of wood, stones, etc. ously, as something burdensome to pass in pam or
Dower, doWer, n. Endowment; gift; property with with difficulty. v. i. —
To be drawn along on the
;

which a woman is endowed, esp. that which a ground to move heavily or slowly onward to fish
: ;

woman brings to a husband in marriage, or that with a drag.— n. A net! to be dra'wn along the bot-
portion of a man's real estate which his widow en- tom under water, to raise sunken bodies; a sledge for
joys during her life, or to which a woman is enti- heavy bodies a carriage; a heavv harrow, for break-
;

tled after the death of her husband.— Dow'ry, -rT, n. ing up clods a burglar's implement for forcing
;

A gift; the estate which a woman brings to her hus- safes something to retard the progress of a mov-
;

band in marriage: portion given with a wife; dower. ing body a clog a heavy motion, as if dragged
—
: ;

Dot. dot, a. in France and in Louisiana, a dowry. along. (Founding.) The bottom part of a flask.
— Do'tal, a. Pert, to, constituting, or comprised —
Draggle, drag'gl. v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.]
in, etc. —
Dota'tion, n. Act of bestowing a dowry To dirty by drawing on the ground or on wet grass;
on a woman, or of establishing funds for the sup- to drabble, —v. i. To become wet or dirty by, etc.
port of (an institution, charity, etc.). —
Dow'able, Dragoman, drag'o-man, n. ; pi. -mans. An inter-
a. Capable of being endowed: entitled to dower. preter, in the Levant and the East.
— Dow'ager, -jer, n. (Eng. Law.) A widow en- Dragon, drag'un, n. (Myth.) A monstrous winged
dowed, or having a jointure. A title given in Eng. serpent or liz- / ^ '

to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her z ar d, with

husband's heir bearing the same name. crested head
Down, down, a. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the and claws. A
skin or surface of animals or plants. Down'y, -T, a.— fierce, violent
Covered with, made of. or like, down; soft; quiet. person. (As-
Down, down, n. A hillock of sand thrown up by the tron.) A north-
wind near the shore; a tract of sandy, level," and ern constella-
barren land. tion figured as |

Down, down, prep. In a descending direction along; a dragon. A

toward the mouth of a river. — adv. In a descend- luminous ex-
ing direction: tending to a lower place or condition; halation from
from a remoter or higher antiquity; to a less bulk; I
marshy
in a low position or condition; on the ground; in grounds, "mov-
humility, dejection, misery, etc.— a. Downcast ; ing like a
dejected; downright; plain; absolute; positive; winged ser-
downward; proceeding from the chief terminus. i
pent ; a short
n.pl. A
state of depression: abasement: failure,— ! musket hooked Dragon.
as, ups and downs.— Down'cast, a. Cast downward to a swivel at-
directed to the ground; flowing or circulating down tached to a soldier's belt, decorated with a drag-

5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r j
 DRAIN 117 DRILL
on's head at the muzzle. (Zo'61.) A genus of E.. sentation (Com.) an order for payment of money,
;

Indian reptiles, having an extension of the ribs, bill of exchange, draft; a current of air that which ;

covered with a fringe-like arrangement of the skin, draws, as, a sink or drain pi. (Med.) a mild vesi-
;

which enables it to glide through the air for short catory, a sinapism. Capacity of being drawn.
distances. [In Scripture the term dragon is applied (Naut.) Depth of water necessary to float a ship,
to marine fishes or serpents, to venomous land ser- esp. when laden. (Com.) Allowance on goods, to
pents, and to Satan.] — Drag'onet, n. A little drag- insure full weight, pi. A
game played on sl check-
on. (Ichth.) A fish of the goby family. Dragoon', — ered board; checkers. The bevel given to the pat-
-goon', n. (Mil.) A cavalry soldier, formerly — tern for a casting, that it may be drawn from the
trained to serve also on foot. v. t. [deagooned — sand without injury to the mold. a. Used for—
(-goondO, -gooning.] To reduce to subjection or drawing; drawn directly from the barrel, etc. —v. t.
persecute, bv soldiers; to harass, force, persecute. —
To draw out, call forth. Draught '-board, n. Board
Drain, dran, v. t. [drained (drand), draining.] To on which draughts are played. —
Draughts'man,?*.;
draw off by degrees to empty or exhaust of ; to ; pi. -men. One who draws writings or designs.
make gradually dry or empty to exhaust of wealth, Drawl, drawl, v. i. and t. [drawled (drawld), drawl-
resources, etc. to filter. v. i. To flow off gradu-
;
— ;

ing.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone. n. — A

ally to be emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping. lengthened utterance of the voice.
— ;

n. Act of draining, or of emptying by drawing Dray, dra, n. A

low cart for heavy burdens drawn by
off ;that by which anything is drained, a channel, a horse; a drag; a squirrel's nest. —
Dray'age, -ej,
trench, water-course, sewer."— Drain'age, -ej, n. A n. Use of a dray, or charge therefor.
draining mode in which the waters of a country
; Dread, dred, n. Overwhelming apprehension of dan-
pass off by its streams. (Engin.) System of drains ger; reverential fear; awe; terror; dismay; an object
removing water from towns, etc. of fear. —a. Exciting fear; terrible; frightful; ven-
Drake, drak, n. The male of the duck kind; the drake- erable in the highest degree. -v. t. To fear in a
fly; a small piece of artillery. great degree; to regard with terrific apprehension.
Dram. See under Drachma. v. i. To be in great fear.— Dread'ful, -ful, a. In-
Drama, dra/ma or dra'ma, n. A composition, to be spiring dread, awe, or reverence terrible shock-
; ;

acted, representing phases of human life a real ; ing.

series of events invested with dramatic unity.— Dream, drem,»i. A series of thoughts in sleep; a sleep-
Dramat'ic, -ical, a. —
Dram'atist, n. Author of ing vision; an idle fancy ^)r suspicion; re very; va-
a dramatic composition writer of plays. Dram'a- ;
— gary.— v. i. [dreamed (dremd) or dreamt (dremt),
tize, -tiz, v. [-tized (-tizd), -xizixg.] To com- dreaming.] To have images in the mind, during
t.

pose iu the form of the drama, represent in, etc. — slumber; to let the mind run on in revery; to antici-
Dram'atis Perso'nae, -ne. The characters repre- pate as a coming reality; to imagine. v. t. —
To im-
sented in a play; interlocutors in a drama. agine, think of, or believe in a dream, or in an anal-
Drape, drap, v. i. [draped (drapt), draping.] To ogous state. —
Dreamier, n. — Dreani'y, -T, a.
—
make cloth. v. t. To cover or adorn with drapery. [dreamier; dreamiest.] Full of dreams; appro-
— Dra'per, n. One who sells cloths. Dra'pery, — priate to dreams. —
Dreamless, a. Free from, etc.
-per-1, n. Occupation of a draper cloth, or woolen ; Drear, Dreary, drer'f, a. [drearier -iest.] Ex- ;

stuffs in general; garments with which anything is citing cheerless sensations or associations; comfort-
draped; hangings of any kind, esp. clothing of the less; dismal; gloomy.
human figure in sculpture and in painting. Dredge, drei, n. An instrument to take by dragging,
Drastic, dras'tik, a. (3Ied.) Acting with violence esp. a machine for taking up mud, etc., from the bed ;

powerful. of a stream, —v. t. [dredged (drejd), dredging.]

Draught, etc. See under Draw. To catch, gather, or deepen with a dredge.
Draw, draw, v. t. [imp. drew (droo) p. p. drawn Dredge, drej, v. t. To sprinkle flour on (meat, etc.).—
; ;

drawing.] To bring toward or after one by force n. mixture of oats and barley sown together. ; A
to pull along, drag to attract, entice, bring forth, Dregs, dregz, n. pi. Corrupt or defiling matter con-
;

as, to pull from a receptacle, extract, deduce from tained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; feculence;
premises, receive from a lottery, win; to remove the lees; sediment; the vilest part of anything.
contents of, as, to drain by emptying, extract the Drench, drench, v. t. [drenched (drencht), drench-
bowels of; to inhale, utter or produce by inhalation; ing.] To cause to drink; esp. to put a potion down
to extend in length, stretch to extend, or produce, the throat of, as of ahorse; to purge violently; to
—
;

as a line on any surface, form by marking, produce, wet thoroughly, soak, saturate with liquid. n. A
as a sketch or picture to form a figure or picture ; drink; draught; esp. a potion of medicine forced
of, delineate, depict to write in due form, prepare
; down the throat; one that causes purging.
a draught of to require a depth of (water) for Dress, dres, v. t. [dressed (drest) or drest, dress-
;

floating, —
said of a vessel to sink in water. v. i. ing.] To make straight. (Mil.) To arrange as sol-
; —
To pull, exert strength in drawing; have force to diers in a straight line, align. To adjust, put in good
drag along to exert an attractive force. (Med.)
; order; to treat with remedies, as a sore; to prepare
—
To act as a sinapism, said of a blister, poultice, etc. for use, get ready. (Mach.) To cut to proper di-
To furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.; to un- mensions; to smooth or finish work. To put clothes
sheathe to sketch, paint, etc. to become con- upon, attire, array, adorn; to break and train for
;
;

tracted, shrink to move, come, or go, lit., to draw use, as ahorse. v. i. (Mil.) To arrange one's self —
one's self, —
;

with prepositions and adverbs; to make in a line of soldiers. To clothe one's self. n. —
a written demand for money deposited or due. n. Clothes; garments: a lady's gown; attention to ap- —
Act of drawing, draught a lot or chance drawn parel, or skill in adjusting it.
; Dressing, n. Dress; —
part of a bridge raised or drawn aside. Draw'er, raiment; an application to a sore or —
wound; manure
;

n. One who, or that which, etc. One who draws spread over land. (Cookery.) Stuffing forcemeat. ;

liquor one who delineates, a draughtsman

; one Gum, starch, etc., used in preparing silk, linen, ;

who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment etc. (Arch.) An ornamental molding around doors,
thing drawn a sliding box in a case pi. ari under-
; windows, etc. Dress'y, -i, a. Attentive to, or
:
;

—
garment for the legs. Drawee', n. Person to whom — showy in, dress.
an order or bill of exchange is addressed, or on Dribble, Driblet. See under Drop.
whom it is drawn. — Draw'back, n. A discourage- Drier. See under Dry.
i

ment or hindrance. (Cvm.) Money paid back Drift, etc. See under Drive. ;

esp. duties paid back by the government, on ex- Drill, dril, v. t. [drilled (drild), drilling.] To
portation of commodities on which they were levied. pierce or bore with a drill; to train in the military
— Draught, draft, n. Act of drawing as, of moving art, instruct in the rudiments of any branch of
;

loads, of drawing a net, of drinking, (Mil.) of draw- knowledge. v. i. To muster for military or other —
ing men from a military band or from any company, exercise. n. A pointed instrument for boring —
of delineating; representation; thing drawn, as, that holes in metals and other hard substances: see Bit,
taken by sweeping with a net; quantity drawn in at under Bite; a drill-press; training of soldiers in the
once in drinking; a potion or potation (3Iil.) forces military art; instruction in any business. ; Drill- —
drawn, a detachment a sketch, outline, or repre- ing, w. Act of piercing with a drill.
; Drill'' -press, —
6tui, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DRILL 118 DROWSE
n. A machine-tool for boring in metal.
-sar'jent, n. A non-
— sergeant, a fool
idiot ;
: idiot.
fool.
— Driveler, driv'1-er,
slabberer A
commissioned officer Drizzle, driz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.1 To rain
who drills soldiers. gently, fall in very small drops. r. t. To shed in —
DrilL dril, v. t. and i. To minute^lrops.— n.'Fine rain or mist; mizzle.
sow (seeds) in rows, Droll, drol, a. Fitted to provoke laughter; queer;
channels. n.
drills, or funny; comical. — n. One who raises mirth by odd
An implement for tricks: jester; buffoon: antic: something exhibited
making holes for sow- for sport; a farce. —
DroU'ery, -er-i, n. Quality of
ing seed; a furrow to being droll; archness; lun.
put seed into— Dril- Dromedary, drum'e-der-l, n. A species of camel hav-
ling, n. Act of plant- ing one hunch on the back,
ins: with a drill.— disting. fr. the B actrian
DfilT-piow. -plough, n. Camel, which has two.
A plow lor sowing Drone, drcn, n. The male of
grain in drills. the honey-bee, which makes
Drilling, drilling, n. A no honey, but after living a
coarse linen or cotton few weeks, is killed or driven |

cloth, for trowsers, etc. from the hive: a lazy fellow:

Drink, drink, slusrgard. — v. [d'eosed
i.

v. i. [imp. (drbnd), droning.] To live in

DRANK, idleness. — n. A hummiug, Dromedary,
formerly low sound; that which gives out a monotonous tone,
DRUNK p. as. the largest tube of the bagpipe.— v.i. To give a
—
;

p. DRUNK or low, heavy, dull sound. v. t. To read or recite in a

DRANK, dull, monotonous tone.
formerly Drool, drool, r. i. To drop saliva.
DRUNKEN Droop, droop, v. i. [drooped (drobpt), drooping.]
DRINKING.] Drill-press.
To sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc.,
To swallow from weakness; to grow faint, be dispirited, flag.
anything liquid; to partake of intoxicating liquors Drop, drop, n. The quantity of fluid which falls in
in merriment, feasting, etc.. or to excess. v. i. To — one small spherical mass; globule about to fall;
swallow (liquids), imbibe, absorb: to take in through smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; what-
the senses, hear, see. —
n. Liquor to be swallowed. ever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an ele-
— Drink-'er, n. One who, etc.: esp. who uses spirit- vated position, as, a door or platform opening down-
uous liquors to excess.— Drink'able, a. Drunk, a. — ward, trapdoor, machine for lowering weights to a
Overcome by drinking intoxicated: inebriated.
: ship's deck, contrivance for lowering a gas jet, cur-
Drank'' en, -h, a. Drunk: given to excessive drink- tain which drops in front of a stage, etc.; a drop-
ing :pert, to or proceeding from intoxication. — press. (Mach.) Distance of a shaft below the base
Drunk'' enness, n. State of" being, etc.: inebriety,- of a hanger, pi. Any medicine measured by drops.
disorder of the faculties as if from intoxication.— (Xaut.) Depth of a sail, from head to foot, amid-
Drunk'r ard, n. One who habitually drinks to excess; ships.— v. t. [dropped (dropt), -PING.] To pour
a toper, inebriate. or let fall in drops, distill; to cause to descend sud-
Drip, etc. See under Drop. denly, let fall;/ to let go. dismiss, set aside; to com-
Drive, driv, v. t. [imp. drove (drov); p. p. driven municate in ah indirect, cautious, or gentle manner;
(driv'n); driving.] To push forward, compel to to lower, ay£'curtain, the muzzle of a gun, etc.; to
move on: to chase, hunt; to urge on and guide, as send by$83pping into the post-office box, as a letter;
beasts drawing a vehicle: to take in a carriage. (Mfc tQ^ficwe¥ with drops, speckle, bedrop; to give birth
ing.) To dig horizontally. To urge, impel, hurry for- to. — said of sheep, cattle, etc. — v. i. To distill,
ward, force, constrain; "to carry on, prosecute. v. — fall in globules, let drops fall; to descend suddenly,
i. To rush and press with violence; to be impelled; abruptly, or spontaneously: to die suddenly, come
to proceed by urging on a vehicle or the animals to an end, cease; to come unexpectedly; to fall to :

drawing it; to aim or tend to a point.— n. An ex- lower. —

Drip, v. i. and r. [Tjripped (dript), drip-
cursion in a carriage, —
disting. tr. a ride, which is ping. J To let fall in drops. n. —
A falling in drops;
taken on horseback; a road for driving; a direct that which falls in drops. (Arch.) Edge of a roof;
blow given to a cricket ball. Driv'er, n. One — eaves; cornice.— Drip'ping, n. What falls in drops,
who or that which, etc.; esp. one who drives horses, as fat from roasting meat. —
Drib^ble, -bl. ?\ i.
runs a locomotive, oversees slaves, etc. (Mach.) That [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To fall in drops, or in a quick
which communicates motion to something else. succession of drops: to slaver, as a child or idiot. —
(Xan.t.) The after-sail in a ship, etc.; spanker: see v.i. To throw down in drops.— Driblet, -let, n. A
Sail. — Drift, n. That which is driven; a mass of very small drop; small quantity or sum.
matter iorced into its present position; a drove or Dropsy. drop'sT, n. (Med.) An unnatural collection
flock, as of cuttle, birds, etc.: act or motion of drift- of serous fluid in any part of the body. (Bot.) A
ing, iorce which impels; course along which any- disease of plants, occasioned by excess of water. —
thing^ is driven; tendency of an act, argument, etc.; Drop'sical. a. Diseased with", like, or pert, to,
object aimed at; import of words. {Arch.) The hor- dropsy. —
Drop'sicalness, n.
izontal force which an arch exerts. (Geol.) A col- Drosky, dros'kT, n. A
4-wheeled Russian carriage; a
lection of earth and rocks distributed ovir portions kind of victoria used in German cities.
of the ..arth's surface. (Mech.) conical hand- A Dross, dros, n. The scum or extraneous matter of
tool for shaping a hole in metal. (Mil.) A tool for metals, thrown off in melting; rust; crust of metals;
driving down the composition in a firework. (Min- impure matter; refuse.
ing.) A passage under ground. (Ncrnt.) Direction Drought, drowt, n. Dryness of the weather, prevent-
of a current; distance to which a vessel is drawn off ing growth of plants. —
Droughfy. -T, a. Char-
from her desired course: a piece in the sheer-draught, acterized by drought thirsty. Drought'iness, n. —
— Drouth, n.
:

where the rail is cut off. v. i. —

To be driven along Same as Drought.
by a current of water; to be driven into heaps. (Min- Drove, Drover. See under Drive.
ing.) To follow a vein, prospect. r. t. To drive — Drown, drown, v. t. [drowned (drownd), drown-
into heaps. —
Drove, drov, n. A collection of cr-.ttle, ing.] To overwhelm in water, submerge, deluge:
etc., for driving or in motion: a moving crowd of to deprive of life by immersion, sink under water
people. (Agr.) A
drain or channel for irrigating till dead to overpower, overcome.
: v. i. To be —
land. —
Drov'er, n. A
driver of sheep, cattle, etc. suffocated in water or other fluid.
Drivel, drivl, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To let spit- Drowse, drowz, v. i. [drowsed (drowzd), drows-
tle flow from the mouth, like a child or dotard; to he ing.] To sleep unsoundly, slumber.— v. t. To make
—
weak or foolish: to dote. n. Slaver; saliva flowing heavy with sleepiness. w. —
A slight or imperfect
from the mouth: unmeaning utterance; nonsense; sleep: a doze. —
Drow'sy, -zT, o. [-SIER, -SIESX.]
aim fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; lu, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 DRUB 119 DUMB
Inclined to doze; heavy with sleepiness; disposing into water and suddenly withdraw; to immerse; to
to sleep stupid ; soporific. Drow'sily, adv.— — plunge the head of in water, immediately with-
;

Drow'siness, n. drawing it ; to bow, stoop, or nod. v. i. To —

Drub, drub, v. t. [drubbed (drubd), drubbing.] To plunge the head in water to drop the head or per-
— —
;

beat with a stick, thrash, pommel. n. A blow with son suddenly. Duck'ling, n. young duck. A
a stick or cudgel; a thump. Duct, dukt, n. Any tube by which a fluid or other
Drudge, druj, v. i. [drudged (drujd), drudging.]
—
substance is conducted *c its destination. Duc'- —
To work hard, labor in mean offices with toil. n. tile, -til, a. Easily led or drawn out; tractable; flex-
—
One who drudges. Drudg'ery, -er-I, n. Act of ible; pliable; obsequious; capable of being drawn
drudging; hard labor; ignoble toil. out into wire or threads. Duc'tileness, -tillty, —
Drug, drug, n. Any substance used in the composi- -T-tt, n.
tion of medicine, or in dyeing or in chemical opera- Dudgeon, duj'un, n. A small dagger; hilt of a dagger;
tions; any commodity that lies on hand, or is not anger; resentment; malice; ill-will; discord.
salable. — v. i. [drugged (drugd), -ging.] To ad- Duds, dudz, n. pi. Old clothes tattered garments;
minister drugs. —
v. t. To season with drugs; tinc- effects in general.
;

ture with something offensive or injurious; dose to Due. du, a. Owed; proper to be paid or done to an-
excess.— Drug'gist, n. One who deals in drugs, other required by the circumstances
; suitable ; ;

esp. one who buys and sells, without compounding enforced by conscience becoming appropriate;
them. — Drug'get, n. A coarse woolen cloth, to fit appointed exact liable to come at any mo-
; ; ;
; ;

protect carpets. ment owing ; occasioned. adv. Directly ex- —

Druid, droo'id, n. A
priest among the ancient Celts n. That which is owed, or which
actly; duly.
;

— ;

in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. Dru'idess, n. — A

custom, station, or law requires to be paid; a^fee;
female Druid enchantress.
;
—
Druid'ie, -ical, a. emolument; right; just title or claim. —^BGEy, -tl,
Pert, to, or like Druids or their religion. Dru'id- —
n. What is due from one to another; esp. what^jne
ism, n. System of religion, philosophy, etc., of, etc. is bound, by any obligation, to do, or refrain fronT^^
Drum, drum, n. (31ns.) A hollow cylinder or hemi- doing service rendered respectful obedience,
; ;
—
sphere, upon which vellum is stretched, to be said esp. of military service reverence regard. : ;

beaten with a stick. (Mil.) Adrummer. Anything (Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise.—
drum-shaped, as a sheet-iron radiator, receiving Du'teous, -te-us, a. Performing what is due; or
heat from a stove-pipe; a cylindrical box in which what law, justice, or proprietv requires. Du'teous- —
figs, etc., are packed. (AnatA The tympanum or ly, adv. Du'teousness, n.— Dutiable, -ti-a-bl, a. —
barrel of the ear. (Arch.) The upright part of a Subject to the payment of a duty. — Du'tiful, -ful, a.
cupola; also the bell-formed part of the Corinthian Performing obligations required by law, justice, or
and composite capitals. (Meek.) A cylinder revolv- propriety submissive to superiors controlled by, ; ;

ing on an axis, for turning wheels by means of or proceeding from, a sense of duty obedient
straps around it. (Ichth.) A fish which makes a respectful. Du'tifully, adv. Du'tifulness, n. — — ;

—
drumming or grunting sound under water. v. i. Duel, du'el, n. A combat between 2 persons; esp. a
[drummed (drumd), drumming. ] To beat on a premeditated fight between 2 persons to decide a
drum, beat with the fingers, as with drum-sticks; diff erence. v. i. To fight in single combat. v. t. — —
to beat, as the heart, throb; to go about to gather To attack or fight singly.— Du'elist, n. One who,
recruits, secure partisans, customers, etc. v. t. To etc. — —
DueFlo, n. A duel; practice of dueling; code .

execute on a drum, as a tune; with out, to expel of laws regulating it.

with beat of drum; with up, to assemble by beat of Duenna. See under Dominie.
—
drum; without up, to solicit the custom of. Drum'- Duet. See under Duo.
mer, n. One who beats, etc.; a traveling salesman. Dug, dug, n. A teat, or nipple, esp. of a beast.
— Drum'ming, n. Act of beating (a drum); act of Bug. See Dig.
striking repeatedly with the ends of the fingers, etc.; Duke, duk, n. Oris:, a leader; chief; in Eng. one of
noise made by a partridge by beating his wings upon the highest order of nobility next below the Prince
his sides. —
Druni'stick, n. Stick for beating a of Wales: in some European countries, a sovereign
drum: upper joint of a fowl's leg, shaped like, etc. prince without the title of king. Duke'dom, -dum, —
Drunk, Drunkard, etc. See under Drink. n. Seigniory or possessions, 'title or quality, of a
Drupe, droop, n. (Bot.) A pulpy, coriaceous or duke. —
Ducb/ess, n. The consort of a duke; a lady
fibrous pericarp or fruit, without valves, containing having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.
a nut or stone with a kernel. See Pericarp. Du'cal, a. Pert, to, etc. —
Du'cally, adv. — —
Dry, dri, a. [drier, driest.] Free from moisture, Ducb/y, -i, n. Dukedom. Duc'at, n. A coin of —
as (said of the weather) free from rain or mist, (of several countries in Europe, struck in the domin-
vegetable matter) from juices or sap, (of animals) ions of a duke.
not giving milk, (of persons) thirsty, needing drink, Dulcet, duKset, a. Sweet to the taste, the ear, or the
("of the eyes) not shedding tears; destitute of that mind; luscious melodious
—
; ;

which interests or amuses unembellished plain

; harmonious. ; Dul'eimer,
;

characterized by shrewdness, or sarcasm sharp. n. A stringed instrument,

;

(Fine Arts.) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness played on with little sticks
of execution. —
v. *. [dried (drid), drying.] To or metallic rods.
free from moisture. v. i. —
To grow dry, lose mois- Dull, dul, a. Slow of under-
ture: to evaporate wholly, be exhaled. standing slow in action, ;

Duad, Dual, Duarchy, etc. See under Duo. motion, perception, sensibil-
Dualin. See Nitroglycerine. ity, etc.; lacking sharpness;
Dub, dub, v. t. [dubbed (dubd), -bing.J To strike blunt not bright or clear ;

with a sword and make a knight; to invest with any to the eye heavy gross ; ; ;

dignity, entitle; to prepare (a game cock) for fight- insensible furnishing lit- Dulcimei ;

ing, by trimming the tle delight or variety inanimate; sluggish tar-

—
; ;

hackles and cutting off nished: obtuse. v. t. [dulled (duld), -Ling.] To

the comb and gills. make dull, stupid, or sluggish ; stupefj' to make ;

Dubious, Dubitation, etc. blunt to dim or obscure to deprive of activity.

— v.
; ;

See under Doubt. i. To become dull.

Ducal, Ducat, Duchy, etc. Duly. See under Due.
See under Duke. Dumb, dum, a. Without power of speech not will-
mute; silent. —
;

Duck, duk, n. A kind of ing to speak;

coarse cloth or light Dumb'-bells, n. Two spheres of iron
canvas, for tents, small connected by a bar, for swinging
sails, bed-sacking, etc. in the hands. show, n. Gesture
Duck, duk, n. A water without words pantomi m e, ;
fowl; a dip of the head.
— -wait'er, v. A movable frame to
v. t. [ducked (dukt), carry dishes, etc.. f'-nni one story to
ducking.] To plunge Duck (A. boschas). another. —
Dumbfound, -founder, Dumb-bells.
sun, cube, full ; moon, f'd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DUMP 120 DYSPEPSIA
v. To
t. strike dumb, confuse. — Dum'my, -mT, n. [duped (dupt), duping.] To deceive, trick, mis-
One who is dumb; a dumb-waiter; a sham package lead by imposing on one's credulity.
in a shopfigure on which clothing is exhibited: a
: Duple, Duplicate. DuDlicity, etc. See under Duo.
locomotive with condensing engines, and without Dure, dur, v. i. [diked (durd), during.] To endure,
the noise of escaping steam; the exposed hand when last, continue. — Du'rable, a. Able to endure "or
3 persons play at cards a clumsy, awkward, or ; continue in a particular condition; not perishable
thick-witted fellow; one who plays a merely nom- or changeable; permanent; firm; stable; constant.
inal part in any action a tiling which is not what it
; — Dulableness, -billty, n. — Dulably, adv.— -tT,
pretends to be. —
a. Silent; mute; sham. Dur'ance, -ans, n. Continuance; duration; impris-
Damp, dump, re. A gloomy state of the mind melan- onment; duress. — Dura'tion, n. Quality of endur-
—
;

choly; despondency, usually in pi. ing continuance in time

; prolonged existence :
;

Dump, dump, v. t. [dumped (dumpt), dumping.] To portion of time during which anything exists.—
unload from a cart by tilting it. During, prep. In the time of as long as the ac- ;

Dumpy, dump'!, a. Short and thick. —Dump 'ling, tion or existence of.
n. A thick pudding or mass of paste in cookery. Durst. See Dare.
Dun, dun, a. Of a dark color partaking of brown Dusk, dusk, a. Tending to darkness or blackness
and black; swarthy; dark; gloomy; obscure. v. t.
;

— darkish. n. —Imperfect obscurity twilight a : ;

;

To cure, as codfish, so as to give them a dun color. color partially black or dark.— Dusk^y, -T, a. Par-
Dun, dun, v. t. [dunned (dund), -ning.] To beset, or tially dark or obscure; dark-colored; gloomy; sad
ask with importunity, as a debtor, for payment. — intellectually clouded.
;

.n. One who duns; an urgent demand of payment. Dust, dust, n. Very fine, dry particles of earth, etc. ;

Dunce, duns, n. A person of weak intellect a dul- ; powder fine sand the earth as the resting-place
; ;

lard; dolt; thickskull; simpleton

L of the dead; the grave; a low condition gold-dust ; ;

Dunderhead, dim'der-hed, -pate, -pat, n. dunce. A money specie. —

v. t. To free from dust, sprink-
—
;

Dune, doon, re. A

low hill of sand on a sea-coast. lewith dust, reduce to powder. Dusfer, re. One
Dung, dung, re. The excrement of an animal. v. t. — who, or that which, etc.; an overgarment to protect
[DUNGED"(dungd), dunging.] To manure with dung. the clothes from dust. —
Dust'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest. ]
Dungeon, dun'jun, n. A donjon, q. v., and see Cas- Filled, covered, sprinkled with, or Like, etc. — Dust-
tle; a secure prison; esp. a dark, subterranean place iness, n.
of confinement. Dutch, duch, a. Pert, to Holland, to its inhabitants,
Dunker, dunk'er, n. Same as Tunker. or their language, —
used also, incorrectly, of Ger-
Duo, du'o, n. {Mus.) A duet. Duet, du-ef, n. A — mans. —v. t. To render clear and hard by dipping
musical composition for two performers. Du'al, — into hot oil, sand, etc., —
as goose-quills.
a. Expressing or consisting of the number 2; pert, Duumvir. See under Duo.
to 2. — Du'alism, -izm, n. The dividing into 2 Dwarf, dwawrf, n. An animal or plant much below
anything divided into 2 a twofold division a sys-
; :
;

ordinary size esp., a diminutive man.

; v. t. —
tem which assumes, or is founded on a double prin- [dwarfed (dwawrft), dwarfing.] To hinder from
ciple.— Du'alist, n. One who believes in dualism. growing to the natural size to stunt.
—
Dualistlc, a. Consisting of 2; pert, to dualism Dwell, dwel, v. i. [dwelled (dweld) usually dwelt,
;

or duality.— Duality, -T-tT, re. That which expresses dwelling.] To abide as a permanent resident; to
2 in number; division; separation; state or quality inhabit for a time to be domiciled, reside, stay,
of being 2. —
Du'ad, n. Union of 2 ; duality. — remain. —
;

Dwell'ing, 7i. Habitation; abode: domi-

Du'archy, -ar-kT, n. Government by 2 persons. cile.— Dwell'ing-house, n. A house intended for
— Du'ple, -pi, a. Double. — Du'plex, a. Double; residence, disting. f r. a store, office, etc. — -place, re.
twofold. — Du'plicate, -kat, a. Double; twofold. Place of residence, abode.
n. That which exactly resembles something else Dwindle, dwin'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To
a copy transcript
; counterpart that which is of
; ;
;

diminish, waste away. v. t. —

To make less, bring
the same kind as some other thing, but not neces- low; to break, dispers'e. —n. Process of dwindling ;

sarily resembling it in other respects. {Law.) A decline.

document essentiallv the same as another, and dif- Dye, di, v. [dyed (did), dying.] To stain, color,
fering from a mere* copy in having all the validity give a
t.
new and permanent colorto. — Dy"er, — n.
of an original, —v. t. To double; to make a copy Dye'-house, n. Place where dyeing is carried on. —
of. {Physiol.) To divide into 2 by natural growth -stuff, n. Material used in dye'ing.
or spontaneous action. —
Duplicate proportion or Dying. See Die.
i-atio. {Math.) The proportion or ratio of squares. Dyke. See Dike.
— Duplication, n. Act of duplicating. {Physiol.) Dynamic, di-namlk, -ical, a. Pert, to strength or
Act or process of dividing by natural growth or power, or to dynamics. —
Dynamics, n. sing. Sci-
spontaneous action. — Duplicative, -tiv, a. Having ence of moving'forces, —
opp. to statics ; the moving
the quality of doubling. — Du'plicature, -chur, n. moral or physical forces of any kind, or laws which
A doubling a fold, as of a membrane or vessel. — relate to them. {Mus.) Science of the force of mu-
Duplicity,
;

-plis'I-tY. n. Doubleness of heart, sical sounds. —

Dynam'eter, n. {Opt.) An instru-
speech, or dealing dissimulation deceit guile ; ment to determine the magnifying power of tele-
—
; : ;

deception. {Law.) The use of two or more distinct scopes.— Dynametlical, a. Pert, to, etc. Dy'nam-
allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. — ite, n. See Nitro-glycerine. Dyn'amonT'eter, —
Duumvir, du-um'ver, n. ; pi. -viri, -vY-ri. One of n. An instrument for measuring power, esp. that
2 officers or magistrates in ancient Rome united of animals, men, or machines. Dyn'amomet'ric, —
in the same public functions. Duum-'virate, -rat, — -rical, a. Pert, to a dynamometer, or the measure of
n. Union of 2 men in one office; office, dignity, or force. —Dy'nasty, -tT, n. Sovereignty esp. a race ;

rule of, etc. of kings, of the same line, governing a particular

Duodecimal, du-o-des'T-mal, a. Proceeding in com- country. —
Dynaslic, a. Pert, to, etc.
putation by twelves. —Duodecimals, 7i.pl. {Arith.) Dysentery, dis'en-ter-T, n. {Med.) Inflammation of
Akind of multiplication in which the denomina- the rectum or colon, with griping pains, desire to
tions proceed by twelves, as of feet and inches. evacuate the bowels, and discharges of mucus and
Duodecimo, a. Formed of sheets folded so as to blood.— Dysenteric, -ical, a. Pert, to, accompanied
make 12 leaves. re. ; pi. -mos. — book in which a A with, proceeding from, or afflicted with, etc.
sheet is folded into 12 leaves the size of a book ; Dyspepsia, dis-pep'sl-a or -sha, -sy, -sT, w. {Med.) Dis-
thus composed, —
usually indicated thus: 12mo, or turbance of the functions of the stomach chronic
12°. —
Duode'num, n. {Anat.) The first of the small difficulty of digestion. —
Dyspeplic, -tical, a. Af-
;

intestines, about 12 fingers' breadth in length. flicted with, pert, to, or consisting in, etc. Dys- —
Dupe, dun, re. One who is misled; a gull. v. t. — pep'tic, n. One afflicted with, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fire ; end, eve, ,term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 121 ECCENTRIC

E.
E, e, the 2d vowel and 5th letter of the English alpha- a. Of or pert, to, etc.; terrestrial; gross; unrefined.
bet, is usually silent at the end of words, but indi- — Eartb/ly, -IT, a. Pert, to earth ; not heavenly or
cates that the preceding vowel has its long sound, spiritual; sordid carnal mean groveling o± all
; ; ; ;

where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, mete, things on earth possible. ;

which without the final e would be pronounced Ease, ez, n. Freedom from pain, trouble, toil, con-
m&n, mSt. (Mus.) E
is the od tone of the model straint, etc. repose tranquillity facility; readi-
diatonic scale. Eb (E flat) is a tone intermediate ness. —v. t.
; ;

[eased (ezd), easing.] To free from

;

between D and E. what pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to render less

Each, ech, a. A distrib. adj. pron., used either with painful, disgusting, or oppressive; to release from
or without a following noun, and denoting every pressure or restraint, shift a little. Eas'y, -T, a. —
one of the individuals composing a whole, con- [easier, -iest.] At ease; free from pain, etc.; not
sidered separately from the rest. [To each corre- causing pain or exertion; not difficult; causing ease
sponds other. Each other is used elliptically for or comfort not resisting tranquil calm com-
; ; ; ;

each the other.] pliant. (Com.) Not straitened in money matters.

Eager, e'ger, a. Orig. sharp; sour: keen; excited by — Eas'ily, -IT, adv. With ease; readily; gently.
desire in pursuit of an object ardent to pursue, ; Easel, e'zl, n. A
wooden frame to support pictures
perform, or obtain earnest. : while being painted.
Eagle, e'gl, n. A rapacious bird of the falcon family: East, est, n. The point in the heavens
its figure is used as a where the sun rises at the equinox ;

heraldic emblem and point opposite the west; eastern part of

for standards and em- a country; regions east of any country;
blematic devices; a gold esp., the southern parts of Asia. a.
— —
coin of the U. S., worth Toward the rising sun. v. i. To move
$10. —
Ea'gless, n. A toward the east to orientate.
; East- —
female eagle. Ea'glet, — north-east, east-south-east, etc. See Com-
n. A young eagle.— Ea'- pass. —
East'ern, a. Situated in, etc.;
gle-eyed, a. Sharp- oriental; going toward the east.— East-
sighted.
Eagle.
ernmost', a. Most eastern. East- —
Ear, er, n. The organ of hearing sense of hearing; ward, adv. Toward the east. East- Easel. —
willingness to listen; attention^ regard part of any erly, -IT, a. Coming from, also, situated or moving
thing like an animal's ear. f ;

toward, etc. —
adv. On or toward, etc. Easting, —
less, a. Without ears; deaf: unwil- n. (Nav. Sf Surv.) Distance eastward from a given
ling to hear. —
Ear'drop, n. An ear- meridian.
ring. (Bot.) The auricula, a kind Easter, esfer, E. day, n. A
festival, celebrated on the
of primrose. lap, n. Tip of the Sunday after Good Friday, commemorating Christ's
A
curl of hair near resurrection, corresponding to the Jewish passover.
ear. lock, n.
the ear; love-lock. mark, n.
mark on the ear, by slitting or
— A Easy1 See under Ease.
Eat, et, v. t. _\imp. eat (St) or ate (at); p.p. eat (et)
cropping, to identify a sheep, etc.; or eaten (et'n); eating.] To swallow or partake
any distinguishing mark. — of as food; to corrode, as metal, by rust; to con-
To mark
n. An
for identification.
ornament suspended from
— v.
ring,
t.

sume gradually,
wear away;
as a cancer, the flesh; to waste or
to devour, gnaw. v. i. To take food, —
the ear by a ring passing through feed; to taste or relish.— Eat' able, a. Capable of, or
the lobe. —
shot, n. Reach of the fitto be, etc.; esculent; edible.
maybe eaten. Eating-house,—
n. Anything that —
A
sense of hearing; distance at which
words may be heard.
n.
trump'et,
An instrument to aid in hear-
— External Ear,
or Auricle.
n.
food is sold ready cooked;/r restaurant.
Eau-de-Cologne, o / de-ko-lon , n.
house where
perfumed spirit, A
i-, ;
pl 1
el v h an
nTlt .

—
ing. -wax, n. Cerumen a sub- ; \helix;
? *'.
;
°:
c. sca-r orig. prepared at Cologne. Eau-de-vie, -ve, n.
stance secreted by the glands of Brandy.
the ear. wig, n. A leaf-eating pha, or sca-
Eaves, evz, (Arch.) The lower edges of a
n. pi.
insect, vulgarly believed to creep
phoid (boat-
roof, overhanging the walls. Eaves'drop, v. i. To —
like) fossa d.
through the ear into the brain. stand under the eaves or near the windows of a
;

tragus e. anti-
Ear, er, n. The spike of Indian corn house, to listen to what is said within; to seek to
;

or other grain, containing the ker- hear others' conversation. —

nels.
Ear, er, v.
Earl, erl, n.
t. To plow
A
'""'""'"
or till.
nobleman of Eng. ranking below a
- Sui^ cline ;
Eaves'" dropper, n.
Ebb, eb, n. The reflux of the tide; return of tide-
water toward the sea; a falling to a worse state; de-
decay, —v. i. [ebbed (ebd), ebbing.] To
marquis and above a viscount. — Earl'dom, -dum, flow back, return, as water toward the ocean to ;

n. Seigniory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an earl. fall to a worse state, recede, sink. Ebb'tide, n. —
Early, er'lT, a. In advance of the usual or appointed Reflux of tide-water the retiring tide.
time: timely; not late. —
adv. Soon; betimes. Ebony, eb'o-nT, Eb'on, -un, n.
;

hard, heavy, and A

Earn, ern, v. t. [earned (ernd), earning.] To de- durable wood, usually black, which admits of a fine
serve by labor; to acquire by service or performance. polish. —
Eb'on, a. Of, like, or black as ebony.
Earnest, er'nest, a. Ardent in the pursuit of an ob- Eb'onize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To make black
ject; eager to obtain; intent; fixed; eager; zealous; like ebony. —
Eb'onite, -it, n. India-rubber hard-
fervent hearty.
; n. —
Seriousness reality. ; A ened by vulcanization, black like ebony, and used
pledge given in token of a bargain made. for buttons, combs, electrical apparatus, etc.
Earth, erth, n. The globe we inhabit; the world; the Eburnean. e-ber'ne-an, a. Made of ivory.
solid materials forming it dry land soil of all; ; Ecarte, a'Sciir-ta', n. A game at cards played with a
kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, etc.; the ground; pack from which all cards below the 7s are removed.
a region; country; the people on the globe. (Chem.) Ecce-homo, ek'se-ho'mo, n. picture representing A
A tasteless and 'inodorous, uncolored, earthy-look- the Savior given up to the people by Pilate, and
ing, metallic oxide; a similar oxide, having a slight wearing a crown of thorns.
alkaline reaction, —v. t. [earthed (grtht), earth- Eccentric, ek-sen'trik, -trical, a. Deviating from the
ing.] To hide in, or cover with earth. v. i. To — center or from the line of a circle; pert, to eccen-
retire under ground, burrow. — Earth'en, -n, a. tricity or to an eccentric; not having the same cen-
Made of earth, or of burnt clay, etc. — Eartb/y, -T, ter, —opp. to concentri ~ deviating from the usual
-

son, cube, full; moon, fd"ot; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 ECCLESIASTIC 122 EFFERVESCE
course; irregular; anomalous; odd; whimsical.— -ical, a.Rendering one beside one's self; delightful
n. A circle not having the same center as another beyond measure; rapturous.
partly contained within the first one who, or that ; Ecumenic, ek-u-menlk, -ical, a. General universal,
which, deviates from regularity. (Ast.on.) The — said esp. of church councils.
;

eupposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, Edacious, e-da'shus, a. Given to eating voracious
but with the earth not in its center, in the Ptole- devouring. —
Edible, -l-bl, a. Fit to be eaten as
; ;

maic system, {ilech.) A wheel having its axis of food esculent

; ; eatable.
revolution out of its center of figure, used to obtain Eddy, ed'dT, n. A
current of air or water running
a reciprocating or alternate motion from a circu- buck, or opposite to the main current a current
lar one. —
Eccen'- moving circularly; whirlpool. v. i. [eddied (-did), —
;

trically, adv. Ec- — -dyi ng.] To move as an eddy. v. t. To collect as —

centricity.-tris'i-tT, into an eddy.
n. State of being. Eden, e'dn, n. The garden where Adam and Eve first
etc. ; oddity. {As- dwelt a delightful region.
;

tron.) Distance of Edentate, e-denlat, n. An animal of the sloth and

the center of the or- armadillo tribes, wanting fore teeth and canines.
bit of a heavenly -,- Edge, ej, n. The thin cutting side of a blade that ;

body from that o'f Eccentric of Steam-engine, which cuts as an edge does any sharp terminating ;

the body around which it revolves. border readiness or fitness to cut acrimony se-
; : ;

Ecclesiastic, ek-kle'zl-aslik, -tical, a. Pert, to the verity border or part adjacent to the line of divis-
;

church or to its organization. Eccle'siaslic, n. — A ion verge; skirt; brink; earlv part; beginning.
;

clergyman.— Eccle'sias'tically, adv.— Eccle'sias'ti- v. t. [edged (ejd), edgixg.] "To furnish with an
cism, -sizm, n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical edge, sharpen to furnish with a fringe or border
;

Observances, privileges, etc. —

Eccle'sias'tes, -tez.n. to make sharp or keen, provoke to action, urge or
Lit. a preacher ; a book of the Old Testament. — j

egg on to move by little and little. — v. i. To move

Eccle'sias'ticus, n. A
book of the Apocrypha. — |
;

sideways or gradually to sail close to the wind.

Eccle'siarch, -zt-ark, n. A
ruler of the church.
j

— Edging, n. That which forms an edge or border.

;

Echelon, esh'e-lon, n. {Mil.) The position of a mili- — Edge'wise, adv. In the direction of, etc.
tary body in the form of steps, or with one division i Edible. See under Edacious.
more advanced than another. Edict, e'dikt, n. That which is proclaimed by au-
Echo, ek'o, n. ; pi. -oes, -oz. sound reflected orA thority special proclamation of command or pro-
—
;
|

reverberated to the ear. v. t. [echoed (-od), I hibition; law; decree; manifesto.

-oixg.] To reverberate or send back: to repeat with Edify, ed'I-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyixg.] To instruct
assent, adopt.— v. i. To be reverberated; to cause an and improve in knowledge, esp. in moral and relig-
—
i

echo, be attended with an echo. ious knowledge. Ed'ifica'tion, n. Act of, or state
Eclat, a-kla/ or e-kla', n. Brilliancy of success or ef- of being, etc.; a building up, esp. in a moral and re-
fort demonstration of admiration
; applause. ;
j

ligious sense. Edifice, -lis, ??.— building; fabric, A

Eclectic, ek-leklik, a. Selecting; choosing at will. — !
— chiefly applied to large structures.
n. One who follows an eclectic method in philos- Edit, edit, v. t. To superintend the publication of
ophy, science, religion, etc. prepare for publication. Editor, -er, n. One who — ;

Eclipse, e-klips', n. {Astron.) An interception of the edits, esp. who prepares, superintends, and corrects
light of the sun or moon, by a book, newspaper, etc., for publication. Edito''- —
intervention of some other rial, a. Pert, to an editor. n. An article by the —
body, either between it and editor of a newspaper. Editolially, adv. In the —
the eye, or between the lumi- manner or character of an editor. Editorship, n.
nous body and that illumi- Business or office of, etc. Edi'tion, -dish/un, n. —
nated by it. Temporary or par- The publication of a literary work; number of cop-
tial loss of brilliancy, luster, ies published at once.
honor, etc. —
v. t. Teclipsed Eclipses. S, sun ;
i

Educate, ed'u-kat, v. t. To bring up, as a child to ;

(-klipsf). -SING.] To darken earth ; M, E , cultivate and discipline the powers of the mind, in-
or hide (a heavenly body) ; moon, struct. —
Educa'tion, n. Act or process of, etc. tui- ;

to obscure, or extinguish the beauty, luster, or honor, tion; nurture; teaching; breeding.
—
I

etc., of; to throw into the shade. v. i. To suffer an Educe, e-diis', v. t. [educed (-dust'), -cixg.] To
—
;

eclipse, become eclipsed. Ecliplic, n. {Astron.) An draw forth, as if from concealment, elicit, extract.
imaginary great circle of the sphere, the apparent — Eel, eh n. A
species of soft-finned, snake-like fishes.
path of the sun, or real path of the earth, as seen
]

E'en, en. contr. for Even.A

from the sun. {Geog.) A
great circle on the globe,
j
'

E'er, ar. contr. for Ever. A

answering to the celestial ecliptic. a. Pert, to, or — j
Eerie, Eery, CrT, a. Awe-inspiring; weird. [Scot.]
described by, the ecliptic; pert, to an eclipse. Effable, effa-bl, a. Capable of being uttered or ex-
Eclogue, eklbg, n. A
pastoral poem, in which shep- plained: explicable,
herds converse with each other; a bucolic; idyl. ifface, ef-fas', V. t. [-FACED (-fast'), -FACING.] To
Economy, e-kon'o-ml, n. Management of domestic I
erase or scratch out, rub off, render illegible, blot
affairs, esp. as to expense or disbursement the ; out, obliterate, cancel: to remove from the mind.
internal, and esp. the pecuniary, management of I
Effect, ef-fekf, n. That produced by an agent or
anv undertaking, corporation, state, etc.: system of cause result of causation impression produced ;
; ;

rules by which anything is managed: thrifty house-

j

power to produce results efficiency consequence ; ;

keeping frugalit5y
;
.
—
E'conomlc, -ical, a. "Pert, to intended, pi. Goods movables personal estate.
—
; ;

the household; domestic; pert, to economy or man- v. 1. To produce, as a cause, or agent, cause to
agement of pecuniary affairs, private or public ; be; to bring to pass, accomplish, achieve.— Effect-
saving of unnecessary expense; prudent in expen- ive, -iv, a. Suited or tending to, etc.; in condition
diture ; managed with frugality pert, to the re- to act efficiently; efficacious: forcible; energetic —
sources and wealth of a country. Economically, —
;

Effectively, adv. —
Effectiveness, re.— Effect'ual,
adv. — With economy frugally. E'conomlcs, n.
; — a. Producing, or able to produce, an intended ef-
sing. Science of domestic and internal management; fect: adequate; efficient. Effica'cious, -shus, a. —
political economy. — Econ'omist, n. One who man- Effectual; powerf ul. Efficacy, -sT, n. Quality of—
ages with frugality : one conversant with political being, etc.; virtue: force; energy.— Efa'cient, -fish r -
economy. — Econ'omize, r.
[-mized (-mizd), -miz-
t. ent, a. Causing effects; producing results; effective;
ing.] To use with prudence, expend with frugality. effectual, —n. The producing agent or cause.
— v. i. To manage pecuniary concerns frugally. Effeminate, ef-fem'T-nat, a. Soft or delicate to an un-
Ecstasy, ek'sta-sT, n. A state in which the mirid is manly degree; womanish; weak: voluptuous; cow-
—
.

carried away beyond the reach of ordinary impres- '

ardly" v. t. To make womanish, unman.

sions frenzy
: excessive joy rapture insanity
: ; ; ; Effervesce, efTer-ves', v. i. [-vesced (-vest'), -ves-
madness. {Pathol.) A disease
accompanied by loss cixg.] To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bub-
of sensibility, voluntary motion, and mental power, ble and hiss; to exhibit feelings that cannot be re-
the body being erect and inflexible. Ecstatic, — pressed.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r |
 EFFETE 123 ELECT
Effete, ef-fef, a. No longer capable of producing Eighteenth, -enth, a. Next in order after the 17th;
young; of worn-out energy; barren; worn out with consisting of one of 18 equal parts into which any
age or excessive indulgence. thing is divided.— n. One of 18 equal parts; the 8tn
Efficacious, Efficient, etc. See under Effect. after the 10th. — Eighty, afi, a. Eight times ten;
Effigy, ef/iT-jY, Effigies, -fij'i-ez, n. Image of any fourscore. —
n. The sum of 8 times 10; symbol rep-
person or thing; likeness in sculpture, painting, etc. resenting eighty units, as 80 or lxxx. Eightieth, —
impression on a coin representing the prince by -T-eth, a. The next in order after the 79th; consist-
whom it was issued. ing of one of 80 equal parts into which any thing is
Effloresce, ef-flo-res',[-resced (-rest'), -res-
v. i. divided.
cind.] (Chem.) To change over the surface, or Either, e'rher or i'rher (analogy and the best usage
throughout, to a powder; to become covered with a favoring e'ther), a. or pi on. One or the other,—
whitish crust or light crystallization. properly of 2 things; each of two, the one and the
Effluent, ef'flu-ent, a. Flowing out. — Efflu'vium, n. ; other. conj. Either is always correlative to or,
pi. -via, -vl-a. Subtile or invisible emanation; esp. and precedes it, indicating the first of certain things,
noisome or noxious exhalation. any one of which is true, is to be done, etc.
Effort, effert, n. An exertion of power, physical or Ejaculate, e-jakli-lat, v. t. To throw out, as an ex-
mental; endeavor; struggle; attempt; trial; essay. clamation. —r. i. To utter ejaculations— Ejac'ula''-
Effrontery, ef-frunfer-T, n. Excessive assurance. tion, n. Uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or
Effulgent, ef-ful'jent, a. Diffusing a flood of light; prayer exclamation or prayer uttered. (JUed.)
shining; splendid. —
EffuKgence, -jens, n. State of
;

Emission of semen. —
Ejac'ulatory, -to-ri, a. Cast-
being, etc.; extreme brilliancy. ing or throwing out: suddenly darted out; uttered
Effuse, ef-fuz', v. t. [-fcsed (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To in short sentences.— Eject, -jekf, v. t. To throw out,
pour out, as a fluid, spill, shed. cast forth; to drive away, expel violently, or with
—v.i. To emanate, issue.— a. disgrace; to dispossess, as of land, dwellings, etc. —
(Bot.) Spreading loosely, esp. Ejec'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.— Eject'-
on one side.— Effu'sion, -zhun, ment, Expulsion; ejection. (Law?) A species of
n.
n. Act of pouring out; thing mixed action, which lies for recovery of possession
poured out. (.Pathol.) Escape of real property, and damages and costs for unlaw-
of a fluid out of its natural ful_detention of it.
vessel into another part; secre- Eke, ek, v. t. ("eked (ekt), eking.] To increase, en-
tion of fluids from the vessels, large, extend; to supply what is scanty, prolong,—
as of lymph or serum, on dif- generally with out. —
adv. In addition; also; like-
—
ferent surfaces. Effu'sive, Effuse Branch. wise.
-siv, a. Pouring forth largely. Elaborate, e-lab'o-rat, v. t. To produce with labor;
— Effu'sively, adv. —
Effusiveness, n. Eerfect with painstaking. —
a. Wrought with labor;
Eft, eft, n. A salamander or newt. ighly finished. -Elaborately, adv.— ElaVora'tion,
E. g. or Ex. gr. Contr. for Exempli gratia, q. v. n. Act or process of producing with labor; state of
under Example. being so produced. (Physiol.) Natural process of
Egg, eg, n. A
body produced by a female animal, formation or assimilation, performed by living or-
within which, when impregnated, the embryo of a gans in animals and vegetables.
new individual is developed: eggs of oviparous ani- Elapse, e-laps r , v. i. [elapsed (-lapsf), elapsing.}
mals contain a supply of nourishment for the em- To slide, slip, or glide -by; to pass away silently.
bryo, and are usually inclosed in a spheroidal shell. Elastic, e-las'tik, a. Springing back; having the in-
Anything egg-shaped. herent property of recovering its former figure ;
Egg, eg, v. t. [egged (egd), egging.] To urge on; springy; readily returning to a previous condition,
instigate. after being depressed or overtaxed. —Elasticity,.
Eglantine, eg'lan-tin or -tTn, n. A species of rose. -tis'i-ti, n. Quality of, etc.; rebound; power of re-
Egoism, e'go-izm, n. (I'hilos.) Subjective idealism. sistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.
An excessive love of self; selfishness. E'goist, n. — Elate, e-lat', a. Lifted up; elevated; having the spirits
A follower of Descartes or Fichte; believer in the raised by success or hope; flushed with confidence;
doctrine of subjective idealism; one given to ego- puffed up; proud; swelling. v. t. To exalt the
tism.— Ergotism, -tizm, n. Practice of too frequently spirit of, elevate or flush with success.— Ela'tion, n.
using the word /,• self-praise; self-commendation; Inflation of mind self-esteem or pride, resulting
;

conceit; vanity.— E'gotist, n. One who, etc. from success.

Egregious, e-gre'jus, a. Disting. fr. common men or Elbow, el'bo, n. The joint connecting arm and fore-
actions, —generally in a bad sense; extraordinary; arm; any flexure or angle, esp. if obtuse, as of a
monstrous; precious. wall, building, etc.; also an angular or jointed part
Egress, e'gres, n. Act of going out or leaving; power of any structure. —
v. t. [elbowed (el'bod), -bow-
to leave; departure. ing.] To push with the elbow, as when one pushes
Egyptian, e-jip'shun, a. Pert, to Egypt, in Africa.— by another, —v. i. To jut into an angle, project; to
n, A native of Egypt; a gypsy. push rudely along, jostle.
Eh, e, interj. An expression of inquiry or slight sur- Eld, eld, n. Old age; old people; old times; antiquity.
prise. — Eld'er, a. Older; more advanced in age; prior, as
Eider, i'der, E.-duck, n. sea-duck, A which breeds in in origin. —
n. One who is older; a senior; an an-
remote northern regions, cestor; predecessor; one who, on account of age, acts
and produces tine down. as ruler or judge; one occupying an office requiring
Eight, at, a. Twice 4 in experience and dignity.— EWerly, -IT, a. Some-
number. — n. The num- what old. —Eld'ership. n. Seniority; office of elder,
ber greater by a unit than — Eld'est, a. Oldest.
V; the sum of 4 and 4: a Elder, eld'er. n. A
genus of plants having broad um-
symbol representing eight bels of white flowers and dark red berries.
units, as 8 or viii.— Eighth, Elect, e-lekf, v. t. To pick out, make choice of; to
Stth, a. N
e x t in order select for office or employment, select by vote,
after the 7th; consisting of Eider-duck. choose, prefer, appoint. (Theol.) To designate as
one of 8 equal parts into an object of mercv or favor. —a. Chosen; taken
which any thing is divided. n. One of 8 equal — by preference. (Theol.) Set apart to eternal life.
parts; an eighth part. (Mus.) Chosen, but not invested with office. n. One —
The interval of an octave.— ^ r /I r chosen or set apart, pi. {Theol.) Those chosen
Eighth note. 8th
(Mus.) The J L for salvation. —
Elecficism, -T-sizm, n. Eclecticism.
—
I

Eart of a whole note, or semi- & > ^

I

1/ Elocution, n. Act of choosing choice ; act of' ;

re v e a quaver. Eightb/ly, — p.vhfh *

Wntoa choosing one to fill an office power of choosing;
;
;

adv. _ In the 8th place. Eight- - Eighth otea -

free will ; discriminating choice discernment.
;

een, afen, a. Twice 9 in number, —n. The num- (Theol.) Predetermination of individuals as ob-
ber greater by a unit than]"; sum of 10 and 8; a sym- jects of mercv and salvation. Those elected. [OF.].
bol representing eighteen units, as 18 or xviii. — Electioneer'', -er', v. i. [-eered (-erd'), -eer-

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ELECTRUM 124
ixg.] To
use influence, argument, or arts for se- of India or Africa, hav-
—
,

curing the election of a candidate. Elective, -iv, ing a trunk or prehen-

a. Exerting the power of choice; making selection: sile proboscis and 2 ivo-
pert, to, consisting in, or dependent on, choice be- :
j

ry tusks, —
the largest
stowed by election. —
Elect'or, -er, n. One who
!

land animal now liv-

elects, or "has right of choice; one entitled to vote ing. —
Elephan'tine.
in favor of a candidate for office, or legally qualified -tin e, a. Pert, to or
to vote; one of the princes of Germany formerly like, etc.; huge: im-
entitled to choose the emperor; one chosen, by vote mense. —
EFephantP-
of the people in the U. S., to elect a president and asis, n. (Med.) One of
vice-president. —
Elecfress, re. The wife or widow several skin diseases.
of a German elector. —
Elect'oral, -er-al, a. Pert, attended with destruc-
to, or consisting of, electors. —
Elect' orate, -er-at, tion or deformity of Elephant.
n. Dignity of an elector electorship territory of
; ; the part affected.
an elector.*— Eligible, -jT-bl, a. Legally qualified; Elevate, el'e-vat, v. t. To lift to a higher place, raise,
worth v to be chosen; desirable; preferable. exalt; to animate, cheer; to ennoble, dignify; to
Electrum, e-lek'trum, n. Amber; an amber-colored raise to a higher pitch or greater degree of loudness;
alloy of gold and silver used by the ancients; Ger- to intoxicate slightly: to lighten, lessen by detrac-
man silver plate. — Elec'tric, -tfical, a. Pert, to, oc- tion, diminish. —
Eieva'tion, n. Act of, or condi-
casioned by, derived from, or containing, electrici- tion of being, etc. an elevated place. (Astron.)
;

ty capable of occasioning electrical phenomena.—

;
Altitude. (Gunnery.) Angle between the line of
Elec'tric. n. A non-conductor of electricity.— Elec'- direction of a gun and the plane of the horizon.
trically, adv. In the manner, or by means of, etc. (Arch.) View of a machine, building, etc., drawn
— Electri'cian, -trisb/an, n. One versed in the sci- to scale, and without regard to perspective. EF- —
ence of, etc. —
Electricity, -tris'T-tt, re. A subtle eva'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, elevates;
agent or power in nature, evolved in any disturbance esp. a contrivance for lifting persons, also goods,
of molecular equilibrium, whether from chemical, grain, etc., to an upper floor; a building containing
physical, or mechanical cause: science of the phe- elevators for grain. (Anat.) A
muscle which raises
nomena of the electric fluid.— Elec'trifi' able, a. Ca- a part of the body.
pable of receiving, or of being charged with, etc. — Eleven, e-lev'n, a. Ten and one added, ^n. The
Elec'trify, -fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyixg.] To charge sum of 10 and 1: a symbol representing eleven units,
with electricity; to give an electric shock to; to excite as 11 or xi.; the players on one side in a game of
suddenly; to surprise, esp. by something inspiriting. cricket, 11 in number. —
EleVenth, -nth, a. Next
— Elec / tro-mag'"net, n. A
mass of soft iron, rendered after the 10th; constituting one of 11 parts into which
temporarily magnetic by a surrounding coil of wire a thing is divided. n. —
One of 11 equal parts.
through which a current of electricity is passing. — Elf, elf, Elve, elv, n. ; pi. Elves, elvz. diminutive A
Elec'tro-magnet'ic, a. Pert, to magnetism, as con- spirit, supposed to haunt desert places, and delight
nected with electricity, or affected by it. Elec'tro- — in mischievous tricks. v. t. —
To entangle.
mag'netism, n. Science of the development of mag- Elicit, e-ljs'it, v. t. To draw out, bring to light.
netism by voltaic electricity, and of the currents Elide, e-lid'', v. t. (Gram.) To cut off or suppress,
evolved. —
Elec'tro-neg'ative, -tiv, a. Having the as a syllable. —
Elision, -lizh'un, n. The cutting
Eroperty of being attracted by an electro-positive off, fof the sake of meter or euphony, of a vowel or
ody, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in syllable, esp. a vowel at the end of a word before
electrolysis. —
EleCtro-pos'itive, «. Of such a na- another vowel in the following line.
ture relatively to associated bodies, as to tend to the Eligible. See underELECT.
negative pole' of a voltaic battery, while the associ- Eliminate, e-lim'T-nat, v. t. (Alg.) To cause to dis-
ated body tends to the positive pole. —
Elec'trotype, appear from an equation. To set aside as unim-
-tip, n. A plate (of a page, etc.) with copper, etc., portant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave
face (electric deposition) and tvpe-metal back.— v. t. out of consideration to obtain by separating, as
;

[-typed (-tipt), -typing.] To make electrotypes of. from foreign matters; to deduce, infer.
Eleemosynary, el-e-mos'T-na-rT, a. Pert, to, or in- Elk, elk, n. A large monogamous European deer, with
tended for the distribution of, charity; given in, or palmate antlers, allied to the Amer. moose; a large
founded or supported by, charity. n. One who — polygamous Amer. deer, with branching antlers, a
subsists on charity. congener of the European red deer.
Elegant, eKe-gant, a. Pleasing by grace and beauty; Ell, el, n. A measure of length, chieflv for cloth: the
polished; graceful; refined; exercising a nice choice. English ell is 4.5 inches the Flemish, 27; Scotch,
— EPegantly, adv. —
El'egance, -gans, -gancy, -si, 37.2;French, 54.
;

n. State or quality of being elegant grace that ; Ellipse, el-lips', n.(Geom.) An oval figure bounded
by a regular curve, — the section of a
;

which is elegant.
Elegy, el'e-jY, n. A mournful or plaintive poem; fu- cone by a plane passing obliquely
nereal song. —
Elegiac, e-le'jT-ak or el-e'-ji'ak, a. through its opposite sides. Ellip/'- —
Pert, to elegy, or written in elegiacs; used in elegies. sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. (Gram.) Omis-
— n. Elegiac verse. sion ;a figure of syntax, by which
Element, el'e-ment, n. One of the simplest or essen- words are omitted. Ellipse.
tial parts of which anything consists; one of the ul- Elm, elm, n. A tree of several species.
timate, undecomposable constituents of matter a ; Elocution, el-o-ku'shun, n. Mode of delivery of any-
simple portion of that which is complex; one of the thing spoken, esp. of a public discourse. Elocu> - —
essential ingredients of any mixture; one out of tionist, n. One versed in, or a teacher of, etc.— EF-
several parts combined in a system or aggregation. oquent, -kwent, a. Able to express strong emotions
(Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of in an elevated and effective manner; adapted to ex-
the organism. (Math.) An infinitesimal part of anv- press emotion with fluency and power. — EFoquence,
thing of the same nature as the entire magnitude -kwens, n. Expression of, etc.; what is eloquently
considered. One of the necessary data upou which said or written; oratory; rhetoric; persuasive speech.
a calculation depends, pi. The fundamental prin- Elongate, e-lon/gat, a. Drawn out at length. r. t. —
ciples of any system in philosophy, science, or art; To lengthen, extend, stretch out. Elonga'tion, n. —
rudiments. That which ancient" philosophy sup- Act of, or state of being, etc.; protraction: extension:
posed to be simple and undecomposable, as the 4 so- that which lengthens out; removal to a distance; de-
called elements, —
air, earth, water, and fire ; state parture; intervening space.
natural to anything, or suited for its existence, pi. Elope, e-lop', v. i. [eloped (-lopf), eloping.] To
(Eccl.) The bread and wine in the eucharist. Ele- — run away, or escape privately, said esp. of a —
ment'ary, -ri, a. Having only one principle or woman, who runs away with a lover.
constituent part; pert, to the elements, rudiments, Eloquence, etc. See under Elocution.
etc.; treating of first principles of a science or art; Else, els, a. & pron. Other; one or something beside.
simple; uncombined; initial; introductory. — adv. & conj. Beside; except that mentioned;
Elephant, eKe-fant, re. A
pachydermatous quadruped otherwise; if the facts were different.— Else'where,

am, fame, far, pass or operi, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6T
 ELUCIDATE 125 EMINENT
-hwar, adv. In any other place; in other places in- comprising, or using emblems. —Emblematically.
definitely. adv.
Elucidate, e-lu'sY-dat, v. t. To make clear or mani- Embody, em-bod'T, v. t. [-bodied (-bod'id), -body-
fest, explain, illustrate. ing.] To form into a Dody, invest with matter,
Elude, e-lud', v. t. To avoid by artifice, stratagem, make corporeal; to collect into a whole, incorporate,
or dexterity; to remain unexplained or undiscovered concentrate. —Embod'iment, n. Act of, state of
by; to evade, escape, shun, mock. Elu'sive, -siv, — being, or that which is, etc.; a complete system, like
-sory, -so-rT, a. Tending to elude; evasive; falla- an organized body.
cious; deceitful. —
Elu'soriness, n. Embogue, em-bog', v. i. To discharge, as a river, its
Elysium, e-lizh'T-um, n. ; E. pi. -iums, -Y-umz, L. pi. waters into the sea or other river.
-I a, -I-a. {Myth.) The abode of the blessed after Embolden, em-bold'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en inc.]
death; any delightful place. —
Elys'ian, -Y-an, a. To give boldness or courage to, encourage.
Pert, to, etc. ; bliss_ful. Embonpoint, oN-boN-pwoN', n. Plumpness of person;
Emaciate, e-ma'shi-at, v. i. To lose flesh gradually, fleshiness.
waste away. —
v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradu- Embosom, em-bot>z'om, v. t. To take into the bosom,
ally. —a. Emaciated. —
Ema'cia'tion, n. Condition cherish; to hide or half conceal.
of becoming, or state of being, etc. Emboss, em-bos', v. t. [embossed (-bosf), -bossing.]
Emanate, em'a-nat, v. i. To issue forth from a To cover with bosses or protuberances, ornament in
source ; proceed, as a fountain, take origin, flow, relief, fashion raised work upon.
arise, spring. —
Emana'tion, n. Act of, or thing Embowel, em-bow'el, v. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To
which, etc.; effluvium; efflux. Em'anant, a. Em- — remove the bowels of, eviscerate, embalm to hide ;

anating; passing forth into an act or effect. in the inward parts, bury, secrete.
Emancipate, e-man'sT-pat, v. t. To set free from ser- Embower, em-bow'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.]
vitude voluntarily; to liberate: to free from any- —
To lodge or rest in a bower. v. t. To cover with a
thing exerting undue or evil influence, —a. Set at bower, shelter_with trees.
liberty. —
Eman'cipa'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- Embrace, em-bras', v. t. [-braced (-brasf), -bra-
ing, etc. ;_ liberation; release; f reedom. Eman'ci- — cing.] To clasp or inclose in the arms, press to the
pa'tor, ter, n. bosom, cherish with affection to surround or in-
;

Emasculate, e-mas'ku-lat, v. t. To castrate, geld to close to include as parts of a whole, or divisions of

render effeminate. a. — Deprived of virility or
; ;

a part, comprehend to seize eagerly, welcome. —

vigor; unmanned. v. i.
;

—
To join in an embrace. n. Close encircling
Embalm, em-bam', v. t. [-balmed (-bamd'), -balm- with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug.
ing.] To preserve from decay by balm or other aro- Embrasure, em-bra'zher, n. (Fort.) opening in An
matic oils or spices; to perpetuate in grateful remem- a wall or parapet, through
brance. which cannon are discharged:
Embank, em-bank', [-banked (-bankf), -bank-
v. t. See Casemate and Castle.
ing.] To inclose with a bank, bank up. — Em- (Arch.) The enlargement of
bank'ment, n. Act of surrounding or defending the aperture of a door or
with a bank a mound or bank.
; window, on the inside of the
Embargo, em-bar'go, n. A prohibition by public au- wall, to give more space or
thority, and for a limited time, of departure from a light.
port any hindrance or restraint. — v. t. [embar- Embrocate, em'bro-kat, v. t.
;

goed (-god), -going.] To hinder from leaving port, (Med.) To rub (a diseased
EE, Embrasures in
by law or edict to hinder from going forward, by
; part) with spirit, oil, etc. —
a parapet.
AA, Merlons.
an embargo. Embroca'tion, n. Act of rub-
Embark, em-bark', v. t. [-barked (-barkf), -bark- bing a diseased part; lotion with which an affected
ing.] To put on board a vessel to engage, enlist, ; part is washed.
or invest in any affair. — v. i. To go on board of a Embroider, em-broid'Sr, v. t. [-ered (-Srd), -ering.]
vessel, engage in any business, enlist. To cover with ornamental needle-work or figures.
Embarrass, em-bar'tas, v. t. [-rassed (-rast), -pass- — Emhroid'erer, n. —
Embroid'ery, -gr-Y, n. Varie-
ing.] To hinder through perplexity, render intri- gated needle-work; decoration.
cate, confound, perplex, disconcert, abash, distress. Embroil, em-broil', v. t. [-broiled (-broild'), -broil-
{Com.) To incumber with debt, make incapable of ing.] To throw into perplexity, contention, or
paying. —
Embar'rassment, n. A state of entangle- trouble; to entangle, encumber, disturb, trouble.
ment or confusion; perplexity arising from insolv- Embrue. See Imbrue.
ency, or inability to discharge debts. Embryo, em'brT-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. The germ of an
Embassy, em'bas-sY, n. The public function of an organized being, in any stage of ante-natal devel-
embassador; persons sent as embassadors; dwelling opment, —
in egg, womb, or seed.
or office of an embassador. —
Em- or Ambas'sador, Emend, e-mend', v. t. To amend. [See Amend.] —
n. A minister of the highest rank sent by one gov- Emenda'tion, n. Act of altering for the better; cor-
ernment to another, to represent the appointing rection; alteration of a text, to give a better reading.
power, in matters between the governments. —Em- Emerald, em'Sr-ald, n. (Min.) A precious stone of a
bas'sado'rial, a. Pert, to, etc. rich green color. (Print.) A kind of type, in size
Embellish, em-bel'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lish- between minion and nonpareil.
ing.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments;
to adorn, decorate, grace, illustrate. —Embellish- e2F*This line is printed in Emerald type.
ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ornament; Emerge, e-mSrj', v. i. [emerged (-merjd'), emer-
beauty; adornment. ging.] To rise out of, or as out of, a fluid; to issue
Ember, em'ber, n. A remnant of burning wood, —
and appear. Emer'gence, -gency, -jen-sY, n. Act
smoldering amid ashes, used chiefly in— pi., to sig- of, etc.; sudden appearance; unforeseen occurrence
nify hot cinders covered with ashes. pressing necessity; exigency.
Ember days, em'ber-daz. (Eccl.) Certain days set Emery, em'er-T, n. (Min.) An extremely hard, com-
apart for fasting and prayer in each of the 4 sea- pact, dark-colored, granular mineral, allied to co-
sons of the year,— being the Wednesday, Friday, and rundum and sapphire, — used for grinding and polish-
Saturday after the 1st Sunday in Lent the feast of ing metals, stones, and glass.
:

Whitsuntide; Sept. 14th; and Dec. 13th: the weeks in Emetic, e-met'ic, a. Inducing to vomit. — n. Med-
which these days fall are called ember iveeks. icine which, etc.
Embezzle, em-bez'zl, v. t. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] Emigrate, em'Y-grat, v. i. To remove from one coun-
To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use. — Em- try to another, for residence.— Em'igrant, a. Pert,
bez'zlement, n. Appropriation to one's own use of to an emigrant; removing from one country to an-
what is intrusted to one's care. — Embez'zler, n. other. — n. One who, etc. — Emigra'tion, n. Re-
Embitter. See Imbitter. moval to another country for residence; a body of
Emblem, em'blem, n. An object symbolizing some emigrants.
other object, quality, etc. figure type symbol Eminent, em'T-nent, a. High: lofty; towering; ex-
—
; ; ; ;

adumbration. Emblemat'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, alted in rank, office, or public estimation distin- ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, foTjt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 EMIR 126 ENCYCLICAL
guished; conspicuous; prominent; illustrious. Em'- — Em'ulator, rival
-ter, v. competitor. AEm'u- : —
Inence, -nency, -sT, n. A
height, elevation; an ele- lous, -lus, a. Ambitiously desirous of like excel-
vated situation among men; distinction; preferment; lence with another ; rivaling. Em'ulously, adv. —
a title of honor, appl. to a cardinal in the Rom. Cath. Emulgent, e-mul'jent, a. (Anat.) Milking or drain-
church. ing out, —
said of the renal arteries and veins, —n.
Emir, Emeer, e-mer', n. An Arabian prince, military An emulgent vessel; a remedy exciting the flow of
commander, and governor of a conquered province; bile. —Emul'sion, -shun, n. soft, smooth, milk- A
in Turkey, an honorary title of the descendants of like remedy, formed by mixing oil with water and
Mohammed. gummy or saccharine substances or yelk of egg.
Emit, e-mit', v. t. To send
forth, cause to issue to ; Enable, en-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-bid), -eling.J To
issue forth, as an order or decree; to send into circu- give strength or ability to; to supply with sufficient
lation, as notes or bills of credit.— Emissary, -sa-rT, power.
n. A secret agent, to advance the interests of his em- Enact, en-akt', v. t. To decree, make into a law; to
ployers; a spy.— a. Exploring; spying. Emis'sion, — perform; to act the part of, play. Enact'ive, -tiv, —
-mish'un, n. Act of sending or throwing out; issue; a. Having power to enact, as a law. Enact'ment, —
thing sent out, or put in circulation at one time. n. The passing of a bill into a law; a decree; the
Emmet, em'met, n. _ An ant or pismire. acting, as a part in a play. Enact'or, -er, n. —
Emolliate, e-UKl'lI-at, v. t. To soften, render effem- Enamel, en-am'el, n. A
substance like glass, but more
inate. —
Emollient, -yent, a. Softening; making fusible and nearly opaque; thing enameled. (Anat.)
supple. —
n. (Med.) An external application to allay The smooth, hard substance covering the crown of
irritation, alleviate soreness, swelling, and pain.
and a tooth. —
v. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To cover
Emolument, e-mol'u-ment, n. Profit arising from of- with, or paint in, enamel; to form an enamel-like
fice ; gain ; that which promotes public or private surface upon. v. i. —
To practice enameling.
good. Enamor, en-am'er, v. t. [-ored (-erd), -oring.] To
Emotion, e-mo'shun, n. moving of the A mind or inflame with love, charm, captivate.
soul; state of excited feeling; agitation. Encage, en-kaj', v. t. To shut up in a cage.
Empale, em-pal', Impale', v. t. [-paled (-paid'), Encamp, en-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kampf), -camp-
-paling.] To inclose, surround, shut in; to put to ing.] To form and occupy a camp. v. t. To form —
death by fixing on a stake. into a camp. Encamp'ment, n. Act of pitching —
Emperil, em-per'il, v. t. To put in peril, endanger. tents or forming huts for temporary rest place ;

Emperor. See under Empire. where an army or company is encamped; camp.

Emphasis, em'fa-sis, n.;pl. -ses, -sez. (Rhet.) Stress Enceinte, oN'bant', n. (Fort.) The main inclosure.
of utterance given to words or parts of a discourse, a. (Laiv.) Pregnant; with child. —
intended to be impressed specially on an audience; Enchain, en-chan', v. t. [-chained (-chand'), -chain-
peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of ing.] To chain, fasten with a chain to restrain. —
thought. —
Em'phasize, v. t. [-sized (-sTzd), -siz- Enchain'ment. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
;

ing.] To utter with stress of voice, lay emphasis Enchant, en-chant', v. t. To charm by sorcery, hold
upon, make emphatic —
Emphatic, -fat> ik,-ical, a. as by a spell, delight highly, captivate, fascinate, en-
Uttered with, or requiring, emphasis; attracting at- rapture, bewitch. Enchant'er, n. One who, etc.; a —
tention; forcible; impressive; striking. Emphat- —
sorcerer, magician. — Enchant'ress, n. A woman
ically, adv. who, etc. Enchant'ment, n. Act of enchanting; —
Empire, em'plr, n. Supreme power in governing; do- use of magic arts, spells, or charms; that which en-
minion of an emperor, or, rarely, of a king; predom- chants incantation magic sorcery wncherj ; ; ; ;
7
.

inant influence; sway; rule; control; government; Encircle, en-ser'kl, v. t. [-cled (-kid), -cling.] To
state. — Em'peror, -per-er, n. The sovereign of an form a circle about, embrace; to go or come round,
empire,— a title superior to king.— Em' press, n. encompass, inclose, surround, environ.
The consort of an emperor; a woman who rules an Enclose. See Inclose.
empire. Encomium, en-ko'mt-um, n. ; E. pi. -ums, L. pi. -a, -&.
Empiric, em-pir'ik or em'pir-ik, n. One who relies Formal praise; high commendation; eulogy; pane-
upon experiment and observation; one who confines gyric; applause. Enco'miastlc, -ical, a. Bestow- —
himself to applying the results of his own observa- ing praise; laudatory.
tion; esp., a quack doctor, charlatan. —
Empiric, Encompass, en-kum'pas, v. t. [-passed (-past), -pass-
-ical, a. Pert, to, or founded upon, experiment or ing.] To describe a circle about, inclose, surround,
experience; depending upon, etc., without due re- invest, hem in, shut up. Encom'passment, n. Act —
gard to science and theory. —Empiricism, -sizm, v. of, or state of being, etc.
Method or practice of an empiric; practice of medi- Encore. oN-kor', adv. Once more; again, a call for —
cine founded on experience, and neglecting science; a repetition of a part of a plav, etc. v. t. [-cored —
quackery. (Metaph.) The doctrine that all knowl- (-kord'), -coring.] To call for, etc.
edge is derived from experience. Encounter, en-kown'ter, n. A meeting face to face;
Employ, em-ploi', v. t. [-ployed (-ploid'), -ploying.] a running against a hostile meeting conflict ;

To keep in service; to use as instrument, means, or skirmish combat rencounter onset. v. t. [en- ; ; ; —; ;

materials, or as agent, servant, or representative. countered (-terd), -tering.] To come against face
— n. Employment. —
Employ^, oN-plwS-ya', Em- to face; esp., to meet in opposition or with hostile
ployee', -ploi-e', n. One employed. Employ'ment, — intent. —
v. i. To meet, esp., as enemies.
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which engages Encourage, en-kur'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.]
or occupies; service; agency. To give courage to, inspire with spirit or hope, em-
Emporium, em-po'rT-um, n. ; L. pi. -ria, -rt-a, E. pi. bolden, incite, cheer, stimulate, comfort, promote,
-riujis, -umz. A
place of extensive commerce or forward. —
Encour'agement, n. Act of, etc.: incen-
trade; commercial city; mart. tive that which supports, promotes, or advances.
Empower, em-pow'er, v. t. [-eeed (-Srd), -ering.] — ;

Encour'aging, a. Furnishing ground for hope;

To give legal or moral power or authority, or physi- favoring. —
Encour'agingly, adv.
cal force to. Encroach, en-kroch', v. i. [-croached (-krochf),
Empress. See under Empire. -croaching.] To enter gradually into the rights
Empty, emp'tT, a. [emptier, -tiest.] Containing and possessions of another, intrude, trench, in-
nothing; void; not tilled; destitute of effect, sincer- fringe, trespass. —
Encroach'ment, n. Act of, etc.;
ity, or sense; unable to satisfy; hollow; waste; de- that taken by encroaching on another.
serted; producing nothing; lacking sense; destitute Encumber, en-kum'ber, Incum'ber, v. t. [-bered
of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial. v. t. — (-berd), -Bering.] To impede the action of, as with
[emptied (-tid), -tying.] To exhaust, deprive of a burden; to load with debts, mortgages, etc.; to
the contents, v. —
To pour or flow out, discharge
?'.
clog, hinder. — Encum'brance, n. That which im-
itself, become empty. pedes action ; clog ; impediment ; that which en-
Emulate, em'u-lat, v. t. To strive to equal or excel; cumbers an estate; debt; lien; burden; hindrance.
to vie with, rival. —
Emula'tion, n. Act of attempt- Encyclical, en-sik'lik-al, a. Sent to persons or many
ing to excel desire of superiority, with effort to places; circular. —Encyclopedia, -paedia, en-si'klo-
attain it ;
;

competition ; rivalry ; contest ; strife. — pe'di-a, n. The circle of sciences; esp., a work in

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, terra ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 END 127 ENJOY
which the branches of science or art are discussed ised; esp., promised in marriage; betrothed; greatly
separately, and usually in alphabetical order. [Same interested ; earnest. —
Engaged columns. (Arch.)
as cyclopedia.) — Ency'clope'dian, a. Embracing Columns partly sunk into the wall to which they are
the whole circle of learning. — Encyclopedic, attached. —
E. wheels. (Mech.) Wheels in gear with
-pedlcal, a. Pert, to an encyclopedia; universal each other, —
the driver being
in knowledge. —Ency'clope'dist, n. The compiler the engaging wheel, the follower
of an encyclopedia; one whose knowledge embraces the engaged. —
Engage'ment, n.
the whole range of science. Act of, or state of beins, etc.;
End, end, n. The extreme or last portion; concluding thins engaged or pledged; that
part; the conclusion; result termination of being; which engages; obligation; en-
or of happiness; destruction; cause of destruction grossing occupation; avocation;
or death; object aimed at; purpose; what is left; employment promise. (Mil.)
—
;

remnant. v. i. To bring to an end or conclusion, A general action or battle; com-

finish, terminate; to destroy, put to death, v. i. — bat fight. —
Enga'ging, p. a.
To come to the end, be finished, cease.— Endless,
;

Winning ; attractive. — Enga'-

a. Without end or conclusion; perpetually recur- gingly, adv.
ring eternal ; interminable infinite incessant ; ; Engender, en-jen'der, v. t. [-dered
;

void of design. —
End' wise, -wiz, adv. On end;
;

(-derd), -dering.] To form in

erectly; with the end forward. embryo, procreate to cause to ;

Endanger, en-dan'jer, v. t. [-gered (-j§rd), -gering.] exist, produce; to sow the seeds
To put to hazard. of, breed, beget, occasion, cause.
Endear, en-der', v. t. [-deared (-derd'), -dearing.] — v. i. To
be caused or pro-
To make dear, or dearer. —
Endear'ment, n. Act duced.
of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. Engine, en'jin, n. (Mech.) A ma- „
Endeavor, en-dev'er, n. A
putting forth of power for chine in which mechanical Engaged Columns,
some end; an attempt; trial; effort; exertion. v. powers are combined any instrument by which
;

i. [endeavored (-erd), -oring.] To exert power any effect is produced esp. one designed to kill
;

to accomplish an ooject; to attempt, try, essay, aim. anything jused to effect a purpose means.— En- ;

— r. t. To attempt to gain. gineer', -er', n. One skilled in engineering one ;

Endecagon. See Hendecagon. who manages an engine; one who carries through
Endorse, Endorsement, etc. See Indorse, etc. an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance, v. —
Endow, en-dow', v. t. [-dowed (-dowd'), -dowing.] t. [engineered (-erd'), -eering.] To perform the
To make pecuniary provision for esp., to furnish ; work of an engineer; to guide or carry through a
with dower; to enrich with any gift, quality, or measure or enterprise. —
Engineering, n. Science
faculty. —
Endow'ment, n. Act of settling a fund and art of utilizing natural forces and materials,
or provision for the support of anyone; property, — divided into military engineering (the designing
fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any and constructing defensive and offensive works)
object; gift of nature; talents; natural capacity. and civil engineering (the designing and construct-
Endue. See Indue. ing machinery and fixed public works, as roads,
Endure, en-dur', v. t. [-dured (-durd'), -during.] canals, etc.)
To remain firm under, sustain, brook, undergo; to English, in'glish, a. Pert, to England, its inhabitants,
bear with patience, bear up under. ?;, i. To con- — or their language, —
n. The people of England; the
tinue in the same state without perishing, abide, language of the English nation and of their descen-
last; to remain firm under trial, sustain suffering dants in other countries: a peculiar impulse given
patiently. —
Endur'able, a. Endur'ance, n. A — to a ball in the game of billiards. (Print.) A kind
state of lasting or duration continuance act of ; ; of type, in size between pica and great primer.
bearing pain or distress without sinking; patience;
. fortitude; resignation.
Eneid, .ffineid, e-ne'id, n. An epic poem, by Virgil, The type called English
in which ./Eneas is the hero. — English, v. t. [-lished (-glishf), -lishing.] To
Enema, e-ne'- or en'e-ma, n. (Med.) An injection, translate into English, Anglicize, interpret. (Bil-
or clyster, thrown into the lower bowel. liards.) To strike (a ball) with the cue, so that the
Enemy, en'e-mT, n. One who is actuated by unfriend- ball receives a rotary motion deflecting it from its
ly feelings; one who hates adversary opponent ;
; ; natural course.
f oe. —
En'mity, -tT, n. Quality of being, etc.; hostil- Engrave, en-grav', v. t. [imp. -graved (-gravd'); p.
ity; rancor; hatred; ill-will; malevolence. p. -graved or -graven; -graving.] To carve fig-
Energy, en'er-jT, n. Internal or inherent power; ures, letters, or devices upon; to form by incisions
power efficiently exerted strength of expression ;
; upon wood, stone, metal, etc.: to impress deepl}',
emphasis; vigor: spirit. (Me.ch.) Capacity for per- infix. —
Engrav'er, n. —
Engraving, n. Actor art
forming work, or moving against resistance. En- — of cutting metals, wood, etc., and of representing
ergetic, -ical, -jetlk-al, a. Exerting force; active; figures and devices on them, esp. to be printed from
exhibiting energy: operating with vigor and effect; them on paper; an engraved plate; impression from
powerful; efficacious; potent; effective. a plate; print.
Enervate, e-ner'vat, a. Weakened; without force.— Engross, en-gros', v. t. [-grossed (-grosf), -gross-
v. t. To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or cour- ing.] To copy in a large, fair hand; to occupy
age; to enfeeble, debilitate; to cut the nerves of. wholly, absorb; to take unduly, swallow up, fore-
Enfeeble, en-fe'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To stall, monopolize. — Engross'ment, n. Act of, etc.;
render feeble, deprive of strength, weaken, debili- thing engrossed.
tate, enervate. —
Enfee'blement, n. Enervation. Engulf. See Ingulf.
Enfeoff, en-fef, v. t. [-feoffed (-left'), -feoffing.] Enhance, en-hans', v. t. [-hanced (-hansf), -han-
(Liuv.) To give a feud to, invest with a fee. ging.] To raise to a higher point, advance, augment,
Enfold. See Infold. increase, aggravate. —
v. i. To be raised up; to grow
Enforce, en-fors', v. t. [-forced (-forsf), -forcing.] larger.
To put force upon, constrain, compel; to make or Enigma, e-nig'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. An obscure ques-
gain by force; to give force to, strengthen, urge with tion or saying; puzzle; riddle; a statement, whose
energy: to put in force, give effect to. hidden meaning is to be discovered; an action which
Enfranchise, en-fran'chiz, v. t. [-ciiised (-chizd), cannot be satisfactorily explained. Enigmatic, —
-ciiising.] To set free, liberate, release; to make |
-ical, a. Pert, to, containing, or like, etc.; c-Dscure.
free of a city, corporation, or state, naturalize. Enjoin, en-join', v. t. [-joined (-joind'V -joining.]
Engage, en-gaj', v. t. [-gaged (-gajd'), -gaging.] i To put an injunction on, direct with authority,
To put under pledge, bind, involve; to gain for I order. (Law.) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial
service, enlist; to win and attach to occupy; to ; order or decree.
enter into contest with, encounter. v. i. To be- — i Enjoy, en-joi', v. t. [-joyed (-joid'), -joying.] To
come bound; to embark, take apart, enlist; to enter feel or perceive with pleasure; to have and use with
into conflict. —
Engaged', p. a. Pledged prom- ; satisfaction; to have sexual intercourse with. —En-

sQn, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ENLARGE 128 ENUCLEATE
joy'able, a.— Enjoy'ment, n. Condition of enjoying; Entail, en-tal', n. That which is entailed. (Law.) Au
pleasure; cause of joy; gratification; happiness. estate or fee entailed, or limited in descent to par-
Enlarge, en-larj', v. t. [-larged (-larjd'), -largixg.] ticular heirs; rule by which the descent is settled.
To make larger, increase the capacity of, dilate, as v.t. [entailed (tald'), -tailing.] To settle in-
with joy, affection, etc., increase, expand. v. i. To — alienably on a person or thing, or on a person and
grow large or larger; to be diffuse in speaking or his descendants.
writing, expatiate. —
Enlarge 'ment, n. Act of, or Entangle, en-tan'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To
state of being, etc.; expansion or extension, as of twist or interweave so as not to be easily separated ;

the mind; ennoblement; release from confinement, to involve in complications, perplex, embarrass, puz-
servitude, distress, etc.; diffusiveness of speech. zle.— Entan'glement, n. State of being, etc. ; in-
Enlighten, en-lit'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To tricacy perplexity.
;

supply with light, illuminate to make clear to the

; Enter, en'ter, ?•. t. [-tered (-tSrd), -tebing.] To
intellect or conscience, inform, instruct. Enlight'- — come or go into, penetrate; to unite in, join, engage
ener, n. —Enlightenment, n. Act of, or state of in; to attain, reach, begin; to insert; to inscribe, re-
being, etc. cord. {Law.) To go into or upon lands, and take
Enlist, en-list', v. t. To enter on a list, enroll, regis- possession of them; to place in regular form before
ter; to engage in public service, unite firmly to a the court.— v. i. To go or come in; to begin; to pen-
cause. — v. i- To engage in public service by en- etrate to constitute a part. En 'trance, -trans, h. —
rolling ona's name; to enter heartily into a cause. — ;

Act of entering, also of taking possession (of prop-

Enlist'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; the erty or office) permission or power to enter ; door
;

writing by which a soldier is bound. or passage by which to enter ; act of beginning

Enliven, en-lTv'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -ening.] To commencement the causing to be entered, as of
;

give life, action, or motion to; to give spirit or vi- a ship or goods at a custom-house, a name upon
vacity to, cheer, animate, inspirit, invigorate. a register, etc. —Entree', ox-tra', n. Entry; per-
Enmity. See under Enemy. mission or right to enter; a course of dishes at table;
Enneagon, en'ne-a-gon, n. (Geom.) A polygon of 9 a side dish. —
En'try, -trT, n. Act of entering en- ;

sides and 9 angles. trance making a record a passage ; vestibule.

; ;

Ennoble, en-no'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.J To ( Com.) Exhibition of a ship's papers at the custom-
make noble, dignify, give titular rank to. house, to procure license to land goods. (Law.)
Ennui, ox-nwe', ». A feeling of weariness and disgust; The taking possession of lands or tenements by set-
listlessness; tedium; lassitude. ting foot on them ; a formal putting upon record.
Enormous, e-n6r'mus, a. Deviating from, or exceed- Enterprise, en'ter-priz. n. That which is undertaken;
ing, the usual rule; great beyond the common meas- a bold attempt; adventure; willingness to engage in
ure; huge; vast: prodigious; exceedingly wicked; labor which requires boldness, energy, etc. v.t.
atrocious. —
Enor'mity, -mT-tT, n. State of being, To undertake, venture upon.
or that which is, immoderate, monstrous, or outrage- Entertain, en-ter-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taix-
ous; atrocious crime; flagitious villainy. ix G.] To maintain, support; to show hospitality to,
Enough, e-nuf, a. Satisfying desire; adequate; suffi- receive as host; to engage agreeably the attention of,
cient. — adv. Sufficiently; fully; quite; in a toler- divert to take into consideration; to cherish. v. i. —
able degree. n. —A sufficiency; a quantity which
;

To receive guests. Entertain'ing, a. Affording —

satisfies desire.— Enow, -now''. A form of enough. entertainment; amusing; diverting. Entertain'- —
Enquire. See Inquire. ment, n. Act of receiving as host, or of amusing,
Enrage, en-raj', v. t. [-raged (-rajd'), -raging.] To admitting, or cherishing; that which entertains, esp.
fill with rage, provoke to madness, exasperate. a feast, banquet diversion pastime. ; ;

Enrapture, en-rap'chur, ;-. t. [-tuked (-churd), -Tur- Enthusiasm, en-thu'zT-azm, n. An ardent zeal in re-
ing.] To transport 'with pleasure; to ravish. spect to some object, cause, or pursuit; fervor of
Enravish, en-rav'ish, r. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] soul; fanaticism.— Enthu'siast, n. One moved by
To transport with delight, enchant. enthusiasm; a visionary; fanatic; zealot. Enthu'- —
Enrich, en-rich', v. t. [-riched (-richf), -richixg.] siast'ic, -ical, a. Filled with, etc.
To make rich, adorn; to fertilize; to store with Entice, en-tis', v. t. [-ticed (-tisf), -ticing.] To
knowledge, instruct. —
Enricb/ment, n. Act of, or draw on, or instigate, by hope or desire; esp. to lead
that which, etc.; decoration; embellishment. astray, tempt, decoy, seduce, inveigle, persuade.
Enroll, en-r5l', v. t. [-rolled (-rold'), -rolling.] To Entire, en-tlr', a. Complete in all parts; full and
write in a roll or register, record, enlist; to envelop, perfect; whole; not participated with others; full;
involve. —
Enroll'ment. n. Act of enrolling; that in comprising all requisites in itself; without mixture
which anything is enrolled; a register. or alloy; without defect; complete; unbroken. (Bot.)
Ensample, en-sam'pl, n. An example. Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla.
Ensconce, en-skons', v. t. [-sconced (-skonsf), Entitle, en-ti'tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tlixg.] To give
-sconcing.] To cover or shelter, as with a sconce a title to, dignify by an honorary designation, de-
or fort; to protect, hide securely. nominate, call; to give a claim to, furnish grounds
Ensemble, ox-som'bl, a. The whole all the parts ; for seeking.
taken together. Entity, en'tT-tY, n. A
real being, whether in thought
Enshrine, en-shrin', v. t. [-shrined (-shnnd'), or in fact essence ; existence. ;

-shrining.] To inclose in a shrine; to cherish. Entomb, en-toom', v. t. [-tombed (-toomd'), -tomb-

Ensign, en'sin, n. The banner distinguishing a com- ixg.] To deposit in a tomb, bury, inter, inhume.
pany of soldiers, army, or vessel; a badge, signal: a Entomology, en-to-mol'o-jl, n. That part of zoology
commissioned officer," who formerly carried the flag which treats of insects.
of a company or regiment. Entrails, en'tralz, n. pi. The bowels; guts; viscera; in-
Ensilage, en's*T-lej, n. (Agric.) Process of preserving ternal parts, as of the earth.
fodder crops in a green state, by Entrance, Entrcfe, Entry. See under Enter.
depositing them in a silo. Entrance, en-trans', v. t. [-tranced (-transt'), -tran-
Enslave, en-slav', i». t. [-slaved jmg cing.] To put into a trance, make insensible to
(-slavdO, -slaving.] To reduce present objects; to ravish with delight or wonder.
to slavery or bondage. —
Enslave'- Entrap, en-trap', v. t. [-trapped (-trapf), -trap-
ment, n. ping.] To catch as in a trap, insnare.
Ensnare. See Insnabe. Entreat, en-tret', v. t. To treat, deal with, use or
Ensue, en-su', v. t. [-sued (-sud'), - manage; to treat with, ask earnestly, importune, be-
-suing.] To follow, pursue. -
v. iliiMMMI
, ,,,1,.,,,,,,,,,..,,.,,,.

seech, beg, implore.— Entreat'y, -Y, n. Act of, etc.;

i. To follow or come after. solicitation ; suit ;
petition.
Ensure. See Insure. Entrust. See Intrust.
Entablature, en-tab 'la-chur, n. Entwine, en-twm', v t. [-twined (-twind'), -twin-
.

{Arch.) That part of an order ing.] To twine, twist together.

which is over the columns, in- Entwist, en-twist', v. t. To twist or wreathe around.
cluding the architrave, frieze, and Enucleate, e-nu'kle-at, v. t. To bring out, as a kernel
cornice. Entablature. from enveloping husks to make manifest. ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, t5rm ; in, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 ENUMERATE 129 EQUAL
Enumerate, e-nu'mer-at, v. t. To count, number, tilage at the base of the tongue, which closes the
compute; to recount, recapitulate. Enu/ mera /'tion, — glottis and excludes food or drink from the larynx
re. Act of, etc. a detailed account, in which each
; while eating.
thing specially noticed.
is Epigram, ep'T-gram, re. A short poem on one sub-
Enunciate, e-nun'shf-at, v. t. To announce, pro- ject, ending with a witty thought.
claim, declare ; to make distinctly audible, pro- Epilepsy, ep'Y-lep'sY, n. (Med.) The falling sickness;
nounce.— v. i. To utter words or syllables.— Enun'- a disease characterized by convulsions, stupor, and
cia'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; mode of pronunciation, foaming at the mouth. —
Epileptic, a. Pert, to, af-
esp. as regards distinctness of articulation thing ; fected with, or consisting of, epilepsy.
enunciated or announced; declaration. Enun'cia- — Epilogue, ep'Y-iog, n. A speech or short poem ad-
tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to enunciation or ut- dressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after
terance. a play. (Rhet.) Closing part of a discourse.
Enveigle. See Inveigle. Epiphany, e-pif'a-nY, re. An appearance, or becom-
Envelop, en-veKup, v. t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To ing manifest. (Eccl. ) A festival, celebrated Jan.
surround as a covering to wrap up, inclose within 6th, to commemorate the appearance of our Savior
—
;

a case,/r wrapper, etc. Envelope, en'vel-op or on- to the wise men of the East.
vel-op Envel'op, -up, re. That which envelops a
, ; Episcopal, e-pis'ko-pal, a. Governed by bishops; pert.
wrapper; esp. wrapper of a letter. to, or vested in, bishops or prelates pert, to the ;

Enviable, Envious, etc. See under Envy. church of England, or the Prot. Episc. church of U. S.
Environ, en-vi'run, v. t. [-roned (-rund), -roning.] — Episcopalian, -lT-an, a. Pert, to episcopacy or to
To surround, encompass, encircle to involve, en- the Episc. church; episcopal.— re. One who adheres
— Environment,
;

velop. n. Act of, state of being, to, etc.; a churchman. —

Epis'copalianiBm, -izm, n.
or that which, etc. — Environs, en-vi'- or en'vT- Episcopacy.— Epis'copally, adv.— Epis'copate, -pat,
runz, n. pi. Places surrounding another place, or in re. A bishopric; office and dignity oi a bishop; collec-

its neighborhood. tive body of bishops. —

Epis'copacy, -si, n. Gov-
Envoy, en'voi, n. One dispatched upon an errand ; ernment of the church by bishops, or by 3 orders of
esp. one deputed to negotiate a treaty, or transact ministers —
bishops, priests, and deacons.
business, with a foreign government, disting.fr. — Episode, ep'T-sod, re. (Rhet.) An incidental narra-
an ambassador or permanent resident at a foreign tive, or digression, arising from the main subject.
court. Epistle, e-pis'l, n. A writing sent to a person; letter.
Envy, en'vY, v. t. [-vied (-vid), -vying.] To regard — Epis'tolary, -to-la-rY, a. Pert, or suitable to, or
with discontent and malevolent longing ; to be contained in, letters.
filled with emulation at sight of to desire strongly, ; Epitaph, ep'l-taf re. An inscription on a monument,
,

— —
covet. v. i. To be filled with envious feelings.
n. Pain, mortification, or discontent, excited by
in memory of the dead.
Epithet, ep'Y-thet, n. An adjective expressing some
another's superiority; an object of envious feeling. quality, attribute, or relation of a person or thing
— En'viable, a. — En'vious, -us, a. Feeling, exhib- title; appellation.
;

iting, or directed by, envy. — En'viousiy, adv. Epitome, e-pifo-me, n. ; pi. -mes, -mez. A brief sum-
Enwrap. See Inwrap. mary abridgment compendium synopsis.
; ; ;

Epaulet, -lette, ep'aw-let', re. (Mil.) A badge worn Epizoon, ep-Y-zo'on, re. pi. -zoa, -zo'a. (Zobl.) One
,•

on the shoulder by military and naval officers. of a class of parasitic insects or worms living upon
Epergne, a-parii', n. An ornamental stand in the cen- an animal infesting the surface of
lice, acari, etc.;
ter of a table. the body of another —
as lice, fleas, etc. Epizootic, —
Ephemera, e-fem'e-ra, re. (Med.) A fever of one -zo-ot'ik, a. Parasitic on animals pert, to, or af-
;

day's continuance only. (Entom.) The day-fly, or fected by, diseases prevalent among animals Cor- —
May-fly; strictly, a fly that lives one day only, ap- resp. to epidemic diseases among men. Epizo'd'ty, —
plied also to short-lived insects. Ephem'eral, n. — -o-tT, re. A murrain among horses, cattle, etc.
Anything which lasts but a day or a very short time. Epoch, ep'ok, n. A fixed point of time, from which
— Ephem'eral, -eric, -erous, -rus, a. Beginning and dates are reckoned ; a remarkable period of time;
ending in a day; diurnal existing for a short time
; era age.
;

only. — Ephem^eris, n. ; pi. Ephemerides, -mer 'T- /

Epsom Salt, ep'sum-sawlt. (Med.) Sulphate of mag-
dez. A journal; (Astron.) An astronomical
diary. nesia having cathartic qualities, —
orig. prepared fr.
almanac; a tabular statement of the assigned places mineral waters at Epsom, England.
of a planet, comet, etc., on successive days. Equal, e'kwal, a. Having the same magnitude, di-
Epic, ep'ik, a. Containing narration relating great mensions, value, degree, etc. having competent
;

events. —re. An epic or heroic poem.

;

power or means; fit; not variable; equable; not un-

Epicure, ep'T-kur, n. A
follower of Epicurus, a duly inclining to either side; uniform; fair; just;
ureeK philosopher wno
Greek pniiosopner who assumea
assumed pleasure to be
t the equitable. —
re. One not inferior or superior to an-
highest good one addicted to sensual enjoym* fments '
other. —
v. t. [equaled (-kwald), equaling.] To
;

a voluptuary sensualist.
; —
Epicurean, -ku're-i-an or
;

be or become equal to, or commensurate with ;

-ku-re'an, a. Pert, to Epicurus or his philosophy;

philosc to recompense fully to make equal or equal to,
;

given to luxury; luxurious. n. — A

follower of, etc.; equalize, regard as equals. —
E'qually, -IT, adv.—
one given to luxuries of the table. Equality, -kwoKl-tT, re. Condition or quality of
Epicycle, ep'T-si'kl, n. (Ptolemaic Astron.) circle, A being equal. (Math.) Exact agreement between ex-
whose center moves round in pressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity.
the circumference of a greater — Equa'tion, n. A making equal; equal division.
circle. — Epicy'cloid, -kloid, s-k, (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality
re. (Geom.) A
curve generated i^/i between two algebraic quantities, the sign= being
by a point in the circumfer- f ^// placed between them. (Astm?i.) Difference between
ence of a movable circle, which the true and the mean place or other element of a
rolls on the inside or outside celestial body. Equation of payments. (Arith.) Pro-
of the circumference of a fixed cess of finding the mean time of payment of sums
circle, as by the point a or a' due at different times. —
E. of time. (Astron.) Dif-
in the circle A or A'. ference between mean and apparent time. Per-
Epidemic, ep-T-dem'ik, -ical, a. sonal e. (Astron.) Difference between an observed
Common to, or affecting, a result and the true, depending on personal qualities
whole people or community Epicycloid. in the observer. — Equa'tor, -ter, n. (Geog.) great A
generally prevailing. —
Epidemic, n. (Med.) A
;

circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally

disease which, arising from a wide-spread cause, af- distant from the 2 poles, and dividing the earth's
fects many persons at once. surface into 2 hemispheres. (Astron.) great cir- A
Epidermis, ep-r-der'mis, re. (Anat.) The cuticle or cle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane
scarf-skin of the body outer layer of the skin of of the earth's equator. —
Eq'uity, ek'wT-tl, re. The
;

animals. (Bot.) External layer of the bark of a giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, —
plant. disting. fr. justice in requiring a higher standard
Epiglottis, ep-Y-gloftis, re. (Anat.) A valve of car- than enactment or custom. (Law.) An equitable

stta, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.

9
 EQUESTRIAN 130 ESCUTCHEON
claim a system of jurisprudence, whose object is
; (Her.) One of the furs used in blazonry, represented

w
to supply deficiencies of courts of law. Impartial- bv spots shaped as in the cut. ^
'.

ity rectitude honesty uprightness.

; Eq'uitable,
; ;
— Erode, e-rod'', r. t. To eat into or
a. Possessing or exhibiting equity giving, or dis- ; away to corrode.— Ero'sion,
;

posed to give, each his due; pert, to the tribunal or -zhiin, n. Act or operation of, or
rule of equity fair reasonable right candid.— state of being, etc.; corrosions

A J.
; ; ; :

E'quanim'ity, -tT. n. Evennessof mind; composure; canker.

calmness.— Equiangular, e-kwY-an'gu-ler, a. Con- Err, er, v. i. [erred ferd), erring
sisting of, or having equal angles.— (er'ring).] To wander from the
Equilaferal. a. Having all the sides right way to mistake in judgment
;

equal. —
Equilibrium, -rT-um, n. ; L. or opinion to fail morally. —Er-
;

Ermine.
pi. -RIA, -ri-a; E. pi. -RHJMS, -umz. ratic, -ical, a. Roving about with-
Equali tv of weight or force a just / : out a fixed destination eccentric not fixed or sta- ;

balance in respect to an object, so / tionti transported from the original resting place.
that it remains firm; equal balancin -Erra'tum, n.; pi. -tj
of the min
"
a"
Triangle
printing. —
Erro'neous,
sons.— E'quinox. n. The precise time right course: not conformed to truth or justice; con-
when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points. taining error liable to mislead ; irregular ; false ;
;

— Autumnal equinox. Time when the sun enters the mistaken.

1st point of Libra, being about Sept. 23d. Vernal e. — Errand, er'rand, n. Something to be said or done by a
Time when the sun enters the 1st point of Aries, be- messenger message commission; one's purpose in ;

—
;

ing about March 21st. E'quipoise, -poiz, n. Equal- going.

itv of weight or force, equilibrium a state in which ; Erst. See under Ere.
the 2 ends or sides of a thing are balanced: equality. Eruct, e-rukf, Eruc'tate, -tat, v. t. To eject, as wind,
— Equivalent, a. Equal in value, force, power, effect, from the stomach: to belch.— Eructa'tion, n. Act of
import, etc. (Geont.) Equal in dimensions, but not belching; a bursting forth, as of wind or other mat-
superposable. (Geo!.) Contemporaneous in origin. ter from the earth.
— n. That which is equal in value, weight, dignity, Erudite, er'u-dit, a. Characterized by extensive
or force.— Equiv'ocal. a. Having different significa-
j

knowledge learned. ; Erudition, -dish'un, n. —

tions equally appropriate or plausible ambiguous ; ; State of being, etc. literature learning. ; ;

uncertain 'capable of being ascribed to different

;
Eruption, e-rup'shun, n. Act of bursting forth, as
motives: uncertain as to its cause oreffect. Equiv'- — from inclosure or confinement: that which bursts
ocate, -kat, r. i. To use words of equivocal or doubt- forth suddenly or violently. (Med.) The breaking
ful signirication with a view to mislead ; to prevari- out of a cutaneous disease the disease itself. ;
—
cate, evade, shuffle. Erup'tive, -tiv, a. Breaking forth attended with, ;

Equestrian, e-kwes'trT-an, a. Pert, to horses, their or producing eruption. (Geol.) Produced by,
management, and the art of riding; riding on horse- etc.
back performed bv one on horseback. n. A — Erysipelas, Sr-Y-sip'e-las, n. (Med.) St. Anthony's
;

horseman rider. E'quine, -kwin, Equi'nal, a.

;
— \ fire; an acute inflammatory disease of the skin and
Pert, to, or like, a horse. ! subjacent tissues.
Equip, e-kwip', v. t. [equipped (-kwipf), -ping.] To Escalade, es-ka-lad', n. (Mil.) An attack in which
supply with what is necessary to efficient action, ladders are used to mount a rampart. v. t. To —
said esp. of ships or troops to decorate. Eq'ui- ;
— scale; to mount and enter.
Escalop, es-skoKup, n. (Conch.) A bivalve shell, with
j

page, -pej, n. lurniture esp. furniture and sup- ;

j

plies of a vessel, or of an army, body of troops, or one straight side, the face usually marked with ribs.
single soldier ; equipment ; aecouterments ; habili- j
A curvingjndenture in the margin of anything.
ments : attendance ; retinue.— Equip'ment, n. Act j
Escape, es-kap', v. t. [-caped (-kaptO, -caping.] To
of, state of being, or thing used in, etc. flee from and avoid, shun; to avoid the notice of,
Era, e'ra, n. ; pi. Eras, -raz. fixed point of time, A evade." v. i. To hasten away, avoid danger or in-
from which a series of years is reckoned; a succes-
I

I
jury; to be passed without ha'rm. n. Act of flee- —
sion of years proceeding from a fixed point, or com- !
ing from danger, evading harm, or avoiding notice;
prehended between fixed points epoch ; age. ; i
deliverance from injury or restraint. Escape'ment, —
Eradicate, e-rad'T-kat, v. t. To pull up by the roots, i
n. Act of escaping; the" contrivance in a
extirpate, root out to put an end to, exterminate, ; time-piece which connects the wheel-
destroy. work with the pendulum or the balance,
Erase, e-ras', v. t. [erased (-rasf), erasing.] To keeping the latter in vibration, so —
rub or scrape out, efface; to obliterate, as ideas in called because a tooth escapes from a
the mind or memory. pallet at each vibration.
Ere, ar, adv. Before; sooner than. —prep. Before in Escarp, es-karp', (Eort.) Anythingn.
respect to time. —
Ere-long', adv. Soon; before long.
— high and precipitous, as the side of the
— Ere-now r adv. Before this time. , Ere-while', ditch next the parapet. r. t. [es- —
-whiles ', -hwilz /', adv. Sometime ago; a little while
-
carped (-karpf), -carping.] (Mil.)
before. —
Erst, erst. adv. First ; at first ; in early To make into, or furnish with, a steep
times ; once ; formerly. slope. —Escarp'ment, n. steep de- A Escape-
Erect, e-rekf, a. Upright, or in a perpendicular pos- clivity. ment.
_
ture; raised; uplifted; firmly established; bold. Escheat, es-chet', n. ( Feud. & Eng. Law.) Reverting
v. t. To set upright, lift up, raise; to raise (a build- of lands to the lord of the fee, through extinction of
ing) to give loftiness or high tone to, exalt to
; ; the blood of the tenant. ( TJ. S- Law.) Falling or
cheer; to set up (an assertion or consequence from reverting of real property to the State, as orig. and
premises, etc.); to establish anew, construct, build, ultimate proprietor, by failure of legal owners a ;

institute,found. writ to recover escheats from the person in posses-

Ergo, er'go, adv. Therefore; consequently. [L.] sion. Lands which fall to the lord or state by es-
Ergot, e^got, n. An elongated, black, poisonous form cheat; what falls to one; a reversion. v. i. (Law.) —
of the kernel of rye and other grasses, caused by a To revert, return, or become forfeited to the lord,
fungus, — used to cause contraction of the uterus; the crown, or the state.
spur; smut. (Ear.) A protuberance behind and be- Eschew, es-chob', v. t. [-chewed (-chood'), -chew-
low the pastern-joint. ing.] To flee from, shun, seek to avoid.
Ermine, 5r'niin, n. An animal allied Escort, es'k&rt, n. An attendant to afford safety, re-
to the weasel, inhabiting northern spect, honor, or attention: a guard; protection on a
Europe and America, and having journey or excursion. Escort'', v. t. To attend —
the fur white in winter, but the tip in order to protect; accompany as safeguard.
of the tail intensely black through- Escritoire, es-kri-tw6r / n. writing-desk. ',
A
out the vear; the fur of the ermine; ^ „ . Esculent, es'ku-lent, a. Suitable to be used for food;
the dignity of judges, whose state Ermine, edible.— n. Anything eatable.
robes, lined with ermine, are emblematic of purity Escutcheon, es-kuch'un, n. (Her.) The shield; the

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; Snd, eve, tgrm ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or;
 ESKIMO 131 EUCHRE
field or ground on which a coat of v or worthy of, etc. — Estimate, -mat, v. t. To form
arms is represented ; shield of an opinion of the value of, without actually measur-
family. [The 2 sides of an escutch- ing or weighing to compute, appraise, rate, calcu-
;

eon are designated as dexter and late. — n. An

approximate judgment as to amount,
sinister, and the different parts by cost, etc. —
Estimation, n. Act of estimating
the following names: A, dexter opinion of the worth, etc., formed without using
chief point; B, middle chief point: precise data favorable opinion ; esteem ; honor re-
; ;

C, sinister chief point; D, honor or gard.

collar point; E, fesse or heart point; Esthetics. See under Esthetic.
F, nombril or navel point; G, dex- Escutcheon. Estop, es-top', v. t. [-topped (-topf), -ping.] (Laic.)
ter base point; H, middle base point; To impede or bar, stop the progress of. Estop'pel, —
I, sinister base point.] (Naut.) Part of a vessel's n. Aconclusive admission, not to be controverted.
stern on which her name is written. (Carp.) A Estrange, es-trani', v. t. [-tranged (-tranjdO, -tran-
plate finishing a key-hole. ging.] To make strange, keep at a distance; to di-
Eskimo. See Esquimau. vert from its original use or possessor, alienate; to
Esophagus, e-sofa-gus, n. (Anat.) Passage through alienate the affections or confidence of.
which food and drink pass to the stomach; gullet. Estray, es-tra', n. (Law.) A
domestic animal, wan-
Especial, es-pesh'al, a. Distinguished among others dering from its owner.
of the same kind ; peculiar particular ; principal. ; Estuary, est'u-a-rT, n. A narrow passage, as the mouth
Espial, Espionage. See under Espy. of a river, where the tide meets the current; an arm
Esplanade, es-pla-nad'', n. (Fort.) The sloping of of the sea; frith.
the parapet of the covered way toward the country; Etcetera, -caetera, et-sefe-ra, contr. etc. and &c. Lit.
clear space between a citadel and the town. (Hort.) —
and other (things); and so on, used at the end of
Agrass-plat. Any clear space for public drives. a sentence, phrase, etc., to indicate that other things
Espouse, es-powz', [-poused (-powzd'), -hous-
v. t. are to be understood, or might be mentioned. [L.]
ing.] To give as spouse, affiance, unite by promise Etch, ech, v. t. [etched (echt), etching.] To pro-
of marriage or by marriage ceremony; to take as duce (figures or designs) on metal, glass, etc., by
spouse, accept in marriage, wed to take up the ; lines eaten in by acid. v. i. —To practice etching.
cause of, adopt, embrace. Eternal, e-ter'nal, a. "Without beginning or end of
Espy, es-pi', v. t. [-pied (-pid'), -pying.] To catch existence; always existing; everlasting; endless; im-
sight of, discern unexpectedly; to inspect narrowly, mortal; continued without intermission; perpetual;
examine and keep watch upon, find out, descry, spy. ceaseless;immutable, —n. That which is without
—
v. i. To look narrowly, look about. Espi'al, n. — beginning or end; esp. the Deity; God. Eter'nity, —
Act of, etc.— Espionage, es'pe-on-azh or -ej, n. Prac- -nl-tt, m.Condition or quality of being, etc.; the
tice or employment of spies. condition which begins at death.
Esquimau, Eskimo, es r ki-mo, n. ;pl. -maux, -moz. An Ether, ether, n. (Physics.) A
subtle fluid supposed
Indian of tribes inhabiting arctic America and to pervade all space, and to be the medium of trans-
Greenland. mitting light and heat. (Chem.) A
very light, vol-
Esquire, es-kwir', n. Orig., a shield-bearer or armor- atile, and inflammable fluid, produced by distilla-
bearer, an attendant on a knight, now, prop., a title tion of alcohol with an acid.— Sulphuric ether. The
of dignity next below a knight, and given in Eng. druggist's common ether, produced by distillation
to younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's of alcohol and sulphuric acid, —
the most valuable of
courts and of the household, to counselors at law, anaesthetics.— Ethe'real, -re-al, a. Pert, to the ether,
Justices of the peace, sheriffs, and other gentlemen: or to regions beyond the earth or atmosphere; ce-
in the U. S., the title is indiscriminately used in ad- lestial; consistingof ether; exceedingly light or airy;
dressing letters, —
v. t. [esquired (-kwird'), -quir- tenuous. (Chem.) Of, or pert, to, ether. Ethev- —
ing.] To wait on, attend. realize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd). -izing.] To convert into,
Essay, es-sa', v. t. [-sayed (-sad'), -saying.] To try, or saturate with, ether; to render ethereal.— Ether-
attempt; to make experiment or trial of; to assay. — ize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To convert into, or
Es'say, n. A
trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion. put under the influence of, ether. —
E'therization,
(Lit.) A
composition shorter and less methodical n. (Med.) Administration of ether by inhalation;
than a formal treatise. state of the system under its influence.
Essence, es'sens, n. Formal or formative nature of Ethic, -ical, eth'ik-al, a. Pert, to manners or morals;
a complex notion; constituent qualities of a thing; treating of moral feelings or duties: containing pre-
materials common to a class as disting. fr. the form cepts of morality. —
Etb/ics, n. Science of human
of an individual or species; a purely spiritual being; duty ;body of" rules drawn from this science. —
the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essen- EthoKogy, -jT, n. Science of ethics, also of character,
tial oil; perfume; odor; scent. v. t. [essenced — and of customs among different communities or in
(-senst), -sencing.] To scent. — Essential, -shal, different stages of civilization.
a. Pert, to the essence; really existing; important Ethiop, e'thY-op, -opian, -o'pt-an, n. A
native or in-
in the highest degree; highly rectified; pure; un- habitant of Ethiopia an African.
; —
Ethio'pian,
mixed. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable, said of — -op'ic, a. Pert, or relating to, etc. n. —
The lan-
•
tones constituting a chord, disting. fr. ornamental guage of Ethiopia.
or accidental tones. (Med.) Idiopathic; independ- Ethnic, eth'nik, -nical, a. Pert, to races ; based on
ent of other disease. n. —
Constituent principle. distinctions of race; heathen: pagan, —
opp. to Jew-
Establish, es-tab'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lishing.] ish and Christian. —
Ethnography, -fl, n. Descrip-
To make stable or firm; to settle; to enact by au- tion of races of men, with their characteristics, man-
thority, ordain; to secure the reception of uphold , ners, etc. —
EthnoKogy, -jT, n. Science of the divis-
to found, institute, —
as a colony, state, etc.; to set ion of man into races, their origin, relations, and
up in business.— Establishment, n. Act of, or state differences.
of being, etc.; thing established, as, a form of gov- Ethology, etc. See under Ethic.
ernment; a permanent civil, military, or commer- Etiology, e-tT-oKo-jT, n. (Med.) Science of the causes
cial organization a style of living
; accustomed ; of disease. (Metaph.) Investigation of causes.
expense income salary permanent place of resi-
; ; ; Etiquette, et-T-ket', n. Observance of the proprieties
dence or business. of rank and occasion; conventional decorum.
Estate, es-taf, n. Fixed condition of any thing or Etymon, eft-mon, n. ; E. pi. -mons, -monz, Gr. pi.
person; rank; state; position; property; esp. prop- -MA, -mi. An original form; primitive word; root.
erty in land; also, property of all kinds which one — EtymoFogy, -jT, n. That part of philology which
leaves to be divided at his death; one of the ranks or explains the origin and derivation of words; that
classes of men constituting the state. (Law.) The part of grammar relating to changes in the forms of
interest which one has in lands or other effects. words.— Et'ymolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to ety-
/r
Esteem, es-tem / v. t. [-teemed (-temd ), -teeming.]
',
mology.— Etymologist, -list, n. One versed in, etc.
To set a value on, estimate, set a high value on, re- Eucharist, u'ka-rist, n. (Eccl.) The sacrament of
gard with respect or affection.— n. High value; the Lord's supper; communion.
great regard. —
Estimable, -tt-ma-bl, a. Capable Euchre, u'ker, n. A
game at cards. v. t. To defeat—
sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 EUDIOMETER 132 EVOLVE
one who has made the trump in playing euchre; to lar day, as Christmas eve is the evening before
defeat, outwit, foil. Christmas ; period just preceding some event. —
Eudiometer, u-dT-om'e-ter, n. An instrument to as- E'vening, n. Latter part of the day and begin-
certain the purity of the air, or its ning of night or darkness; latter portion or declin-
quantity of oxygen. Eudiom'etry,— ing period (of life, etc.).
-trl, n. Art or practice of, etc. Even, elm, a. Level, smooth, or equal in surface;
Eulogium, u-lo'jT-um, Eulogy, -ji, n. A
speech or writing in commendation of «» >
^ not rough; uniform in motion or action; equable;
not easily disturbed: parallel on a level: equally :

anyone's character or services; enco- balanced adjusted fair equitable, said of ac- —
mium panegyric. —
Eulogize, v. t.
; ;

counts, bargains, etc.; not odd; capable of division

:

[-gized C-jizd), -gizing.] To speak or —

by 2. said of numbers. v. t. [evened (e'vnd),
write in commendation of to praise. ; evening.] To make even or level; to balance; to
— Eulogist, n. One who, etc. Eulo- — balance accounts, —adv. In an equal or precisely
gistic, a. Pert, to, given to, or char- similar manner; equally; at the very time; so much
acterized by, etc.; laudatory. as; as was not to De expected.— E'venly, adv.—
Eunuch, u'nuk, n. A
castrated man, E'venness. n.
often emploved as a chamberlain in Evening. See under Eve.
the East. Event, e-venf, n. That which falls out; any inci-
Eupatorium, u'pa-to'rY-um, n. genus A dent consequence of anything occurrence ad-
;

of plants, including hemp, agrimony, venture issue result end. Event'ful, -ful, a. — ; ;

—
; ; ;

boneset, thoroushwort or Indian sage, „

Eudiometer.
Full of, or distinguished for, etc. Event'ual.'-u-al,
eiC- a. Happening as a consequence or result conse-
Euphemism, ule-mizm, n. A delicate word or ex- quential terminating ultimate. Event'ually, — :

—
; ;

pression used for one harsh or indelicate. — Eu- adv. Eventuality, -i-tl, n. (Phren.) Disposition
phemistic, -tical, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. to take cognizance of events. See Phrenology.
Euphony, u'fo-nT, n. An agreeable sound, easy, — Evenfuate, ?. i. To issue, as a consequence or
•
smooth enunciation of sounds. — Euphonic, -ical, event, terminate.
-fon'ik-al, Eupho'nious, -fo'ni-us, a. Agreeable in Ever, ev'er, adv. At any time; at all times; always;
sound. — Eu'phonism, -fo-nizm, n. An agreeable continually without cessation or interruption to the
—
:

sound or combination of sounds euphony. Eu- end. [Contr. E'er, ar.] Everglade, n. Lowland — ;

phonlcon, n. A kind of pianoforte. Euptio'nium,

;

— covered with shallow water and a growth of high

-nl-um, n. A bass instrument of the sax-horn
family.
grass.
out the year.
—
green, a. Always green; verdant through-
n. —
A plant which, etc. lasting, —
Euphuism, u'fu-izm, n. (Ehet.) Affectation of ex- a. Lasting or enduring forever; immortal; eternal;
cessive elegance and refinement of language. continuing indefinitely. n. Eternal duration, past —
Eurasian, u-ra'shan, n. A child of one European and and future; eternal; a woolen material for shoes,
one Asiatic parent; one born in Asia of European (Bot.) A plant, whose flowers dry without
——
etc. los-
parentage. ing their form or color. A game at cards. last'-
European^ u-ro-pe'an, a. Pert, to Europe or its in- ingly, adv. Perpetually; continually. living, a.
— A native or inhabitant of, etc.
habitants. ??.

Eustachian, u-sta'ki-an, a. (Anat.) Discovered by

Eustachius, an Italian physician. E- tube. (Anat.) —
—
Living without end; eternal; continual; incessant.
more'', adv. During eternity; always; for an
indefinite future period. Ev'ery, -l, a. The sep- —
A slender air-passage from a cavity in the ear to the arate individuals which constitute a whole, regard-
—
E. valve. (Anat.) A ed one by one.— Ev'ery-day, a. Used or fit for every
back part of the mouth.
semilunar, membranous valve in the heart.
Evacuate, e-vak'u-at, v. t. To make empty; to re-
day common usual customary.
;

In every place; in all places.

; where, adv. ; —
eject, void, discharge; to withdraw from or
move, I
Evict, Eviction. See under Evince.
desert (a city, fort, etc.); to make void, nullify, va- Evident, ev't-dent, a. Clear to the vision; esp. clear
cate.— Evac'ualion, n. Act of, etc. thing evacuated ; I to the understanding; obvious; notorious. Evi- —
or discharged: esp. a discharge by stool or other nat- dence, -dens, n. That which makes manifest; ground
ural means. —
Evac'ua'tive, -tiv, a. Serving or of belief conclusive testimony
; one who makes
—
;

tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative. evident; a witness. (Law.) Cleans of proof v. t. .

Evade, e-vad', v. t. To get away from* by artifice, [-denced (-denst), -dencing.] To render evident
elude, escape. v. i. —
To escape, slip away, attempt or clear; to prove, evince.
to escape.— Eva'sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.; esp. Evil, e'vl, a. Having bad natural or moral qualities;
of eluding an accusation, interrogation, etc.; shift; ;, inducing sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity
subterfuge ; prevarication ; equivocation. — Eva'- mischievous; wicked; bad. n. That which pro- — ;

sive, -siv, a. Tending to evade; marked by evasion. duces unhappiness or suffering moral badness ;

— Eva'sively, adv.
:

malady or disease, esp. in the phrase king's evil, the

Evanescent, ev-a-nes'sent, a. Vanishing ; fleeting ; scrofula. —
adv. In an evil manner; ill.
imperceptible. — E vanes 'cenee, -sens, n. Act, state, Evince, e-vins', v. t. [evinced (-vinsf), evincing.]
or quality of. etc. Lit., to conquer completely; to prove beyond rea-
Evangel, e-van'jel, n. news ; the gospel.
Good — sonable doubt, make evident. —Evincible, a. Ca-
Evangelic, -ical, a. Contained in, or pert, to, the pable of being proved; demonstrable. Evin'cive, —
4 Gospels pert, to, consonant with, or contained -siv, a. Tending to, etc.— Evict',!', t. (Law.) To dis-
;

in, the gospel; earnest for the truth taught in the possess by legal process. Evidion, n. Act of, etc. —
gospel; technically applied to a party in some Prot- Eviscerate, e-vis'ser-at, v. t. To take out the entrails
estant churches. —
Evangelically, adv. Evan- — of, disembowel, gut.
gellcism, -Y-sizm, 7i. Evangelical principles. — Evitable, ev'i-ta-bl, a. Capable of being shunned.
Evangelist, n. One of the writers of the gospel his- Evoke, e-vok', v. t. Tevoked (-vokf), evoking.] To
tory; one authorized to preach, but not to adminis- call out, summon forth.
ter the eucharist: a preacher without fixed charge; Evolve, e-volv', v. i. [evolved (-volvd'), evolving.!,
a revivalist.— Evan'gelize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -iz- To unfold or unroll, develop; to throw out, emit.
ing.] To preach the gospel to, convert to a belief of v. i. To become open, disclosed, or GeveloDed.—
the gospel. —
v. i. To preach the gospel. Evolute, ev'o-hlt, n. ( Geom.) A curve from which
Evaporate, e-vap'o-rat, v. i. To pass off in vapor, as another curve, called the invo-
a fluid; to be dissipated, be wasted. v. t. To dis- — lute or evolvent, is described by
sipate in vapor or fumes. —
a. Dispersed in vapors. the end of a thread gradually
— Evap'ora'tion, ?i. Act or process of turning into, wound upon the former, or un-
or passing off in, vapor; transformation of part of a wound from it. Evolu'tion, —
fluid into vapor, to concentrate fixed matters con- n. Act of unfolding or unrol-
tained in it in a state of greater consistence. ling; in the process of growth,
Evasion, Evasive, etc. See under Evade. development; a series of things
Eve, ev, Even, e'vn, n. Latter part or close of the unrolled or unfolded. (Geom.)
day; evening; the evening preceding some particu- Formation of an involute bv un- ABC, Evolute.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 EWE 133 EXCLUDE
winding a thread from another curve as an evolute. quality of being excellent a valuable quality a ; ;

(Arith. & Alg.) Extraction of roots. {Mil. & Naval.) title of honor excellency superiority worth : ; ; ;

A prescribed movement of a body of troops, vessel, greatness. Excellency, -si, n. valuable quality; —
or fleet. (Physiol.) That theory of generation in excellence a title of honor given to dignitaries of
which the germ is held to preexist in the parent, a court or state, embassadors, etc. Excellent, a.
;

—
and its Darts to be developed, but not actually Excelling or surpassing others in virtue, dignity, at-
formed, by the procreative acts. (Biology.) History tainments, etc.; worthy; choice.
of the steps by which any living being has acquired Except, eks-sepf, v. t. To leave out of any number
its distinguishing morphological and physiological specified, exclude. v. i. To take exception to, ob- —
characteristics. (Jiletaph.) Series of changes under ject, —prep. With exclusion of leaving out; ex- ;

natural law, involving continuous progress from the cepting; but.— conj. Unless; if not.— Exception, n.
homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and Act of, etc. thing excepted a person, thing, or ; ;

from "the single and simple to the diverse and mani- case, specified as distinct, or not included. (Law.)
fold in quality or function. —
Evolutionary, -it, a. An objection, oral or written, taken, as to bail or
Pert, to evolution. —
Evolu'tionist, n. One skilled security or as to the decision of a judge, etc. An ;

in evolutions; one who holds the physiological or objection; dissent; cause of offense. Exception- —
metaphysical doctrine of, etc. able, a. Liable to, etc. objectionable. Excep'- ;
—
Ewe, u, n. A female sheep. tional, a. Forming an exception; exceptive; better
Ewer, u'er, n. A
pitcher with a wide spout. than the average: of marked excellence; eminently
Exact, egz-akf, a. Precisely agreeing with a stand- superior. Exceptive, -iv, a. Including, making, —
ard, a fact, or the truth accurate methodical
; or being an exception
; exceptional. Excepfor, ; —
punctual marked by nicety or care proceeding
; -er, n. One who takes exceptions.
;

from, or characterized by, exactness; correct; pre- Excerpt, eks'serpt, v. t. To make extracts from, or
cise nice methodical. v. t. — To demand or re- an extract of to select, extract, cite or cite from. —
; ;

quire authoritatively or of right; to extort. Exac'- n. —

An extract a passage selected from an author.
;

tion, n. Authoritative demand; a driving to com- Excess, Excessive._ Isee under Exceed.
pliance; extortion; thing exacted; tribute.— Exact- Exchange, eks-chanj / v. t. ("-changed (-chanjdO, ',

itude 7 -tud', n. Exactness.

, -changing.] To give or take in return for some-
Exaggerate, egz-aj'Sr-at, v. t. To increase or amplify; thing else; esp., in trade, to barter to part with for ;

to heighten, esp. to represent as greater than truth a substitute, interchange, commute, bargain, swap,
or justice will warrant. (Paint.) To heighten in traffic. v. i. To be changed or received in ex-—
coloring or design. —
Exaggeration, n. Eepresen- change for; to pass in exchange. n. Act of giving —
tation beyond truth; hyperbole. (Paint.) repre- A
or taking one thing in return for another, or of
sentation of things beyond natural life, in expres- giving and receiving reciprocally thing given for ;

sion, vigor, etc. —

Exaggeratory, -to-rf, -tive, -tiv, something received. ( Com.) Process of settling ac-
a. Containing, or tending to, etc. counts or debts between parties at a distance, with-
Exalt, egz-awlt', v. t. To elevate, lift up; to elevate out intervention of money, by exchanging orders
in rank, dignity, power, etc.; magnify, extol; to lift or drafts, called hills of exchange. (Law.) mu- A
up with joy or success, elate; to elevate the tone of, tual grant of equal interests, the one in considera-
utter. (Chem.) To render pure or refined.— Exal- tion of the other. Place where merchants and bank-
talion, ii. Act of, or state of being, etc. ers of a city transact business, at certain hours,
Examine, egz-amln, v. t. [-ined (-ind), -ining.] To contr. into 'Change. —
Exchangeable, a. Ex- — —
try and assay by appropriate tests; to inquire into changeability, n. Exchan'ger, n. —
and determine; to investigate the fact, reasons, or Exchequer, eks-chek'er, n. In Eng., one of the supe-
claims of to consider the arguments for, or the
; rior courts of law, so called from a checkered —
merits of; to try, as an offender; to test the attain- cloth, which covered the table. The treasury; pe-
ments of, as a scholar; to question, as a witness; to cuniary possessions in general. v. t. [excheq- —
prove by a moral standard, discuss, scrutinize, ex- uered (-erd), -uering.] To institute a process in
plore. — Exam'inalion, n. Act of, or state of being, the Court of Exchequer.
etc.; careful search, investigation, or inquiry; pro- Excise, eks-siz', n. An inland duty of the nature of
cess for testing qualification. a direct tax on the consumer, also levied on li- —
Example, egz-am'pl, n. A
portion taken to show the censes to pursue certain trades, and deal in certain
character of the whole; a sample; a pattern or copy; commodities. v. t. [excised (-sizd'), -cising.] —
a warning caution; precedent; an instance illus-
; To lay an excise upon; to impose upon; overcharge.
trating a rule or precept. —
Exem'plar, n. A
model, Excise, eks-siz', v. t. To cut off to separate and re-
original, or pattern, to be imitated.— Exem'plary, move. —
Excision, -sizh'un, n. Act of, etc.; extir-
;

-rl, a. Serving as, etc. commendable conspicu- pation destruction. (Eccl.) Excommunication.
—
; ; ;

ous.— Exem'plarily, -tt-li, adv. Exem'plify, -plt- (Surg.) Removal, esp. of small parts, with a cutting
fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To show by example, instrument.
copy, make an attested copy of, prove by an attest- Excite, eks-sif, v. t. To call to activity, awaken,
ed copy. —Exemplification, n. Act of, or thing stimulate, irritate, provoke. (Med.) To increase
which, etc. the vital activity of the body. Excite'ment, n. —
Exasperate, egz-as'pSr-at, v. t. To irritate in a high Act of, or state of being, etc.; agitation; that which
degree, aggravate, imbitter, provoke, enrage. Ex- excites. (Med.) —
state of exalted vital activity in A
as'pera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. the body or any of its parts. Excifer, n.— Excif- —
Excavate, eks'ka-vat, v. t. To hollow out, form a ing, p. a. Calling or rousing into action; producing
cavity in, form by hollowing.— Excava'tion, n. Act excitement. Excifable, a. Capable of being —
of, etc.; a hollow formed by removing the interior. roused into action. Excit'abillty, n. Quality of — —
Exceed, eks-sed', v. t. To pass or go beyond to sur- being, etc. (Med.) Irritability. Excit'ant, n.
pass, excel, transcend. v. i. To go too far, pass (Med.) stimulant.
;

A
Excitalion, w. Act of, etc. —
proper bounds; to be more or larger. —
Exceeding, Exclaim, eks-klamlv. i. [-claimed (-klamd'"), -claim-
-ingly, adv. In a very great degree unusually ing.] To cry out from earnestness, passion, sur-
— —
; ;

surpassingly ; transcendently. Excess', n. State prise, etc. to vociferate. Exclama'tion, n. Act ;

of surpassing or exceeding limits; superfluity; un- of, etc.; an uttered expression of surprise, joy, etc.
due indulgence of appetite; intemperance; dissipa- (Rhet.) word expressing outcry; an interjection. A
tion that which exceeds what is usual or proper;
; (Print.) sign by which emphatic utterance or out- A
degree or amount by which one thing or number cry is marked, thus [!].
exceeds another remainder. ;
—
Excessive, -iv, a. Exclude, eks-klud', v. t. To thrust out or eject to :

Marked by, etc. transgressing laws of morality, hinder from entrance, debar from participation or
;

prudence, propriety, etc.; extreme; vehement.— enjoyment. Exclusion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc. —
Excess Ively, adv. —
Exclu'sionist, n. One who would exclude an-
Excel, eks-seK, v. t. [-celled] (-seld'), -celling.] other from some privilege. Exclusive, -siv, -sory, —
To exceed, surpass, esp. in good qualities or deeds. -so-rl, a. Able to exclude; not taking into account.
— v. i. To have good qualities in an unusual degree n. One of a coterie who exclude others — an ex-
—
;

to surpass others. —
Excellence, -lens, n. State or clusionist Exclusively, adv. Exclu'siveness. n.—
siin, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 EXCOMMUNICATE 134 EXPAND
Excommunicate, eks-kom-mu'nl-kat, v. t. To ex- be emitted in vapor, evaporate. v.i. To rise or
pel from communion, esp. of the church to pro- ; be given off, as vapor. Exhalation, n. Act or —
nounce an ecclesiastical sentence against. process of, etc. evaporation that exhaled fume
; ; ;

Excrement. See under Excrete. i or steam effluvium. ;

Excrescence, eks-kres'sens, n. Anj' thing growing Exhaust, egz-awsf, v. t. To draw out or drain off
out unnaturally from anything else a superfluity. ; completely to empty by drawing out the contents;
;

Excrete, eks-kret', v. t. To discharge from the body to use, employ, or expend entirely, wear out, weary.
as useless; to eject. Excre'tion, n. Act of throw- — — a. Drained; exhausted having expended or lo'st
ing off effete matter from the animal system mat- its energy. n. —
Foul air let out of a room by a reg-
;

ter excreted excrement.

Ex'cretive, -tiv, a.
;
— ; !

'

ister, etc. —
Exhaus'tion, -chun, n. Act of, or state
Having the power of excreting, or promoting ex- of being, etc.; state of being deprived of strength or
cretion. —
Ex'cretory, -to-rT, a. Having the quality spirits.
of, etc. n.— (Anat.) duct or vessel that receive's A Exhibit, egz-ib'it, v. t. To hold forth or present to
and excretes matter. Ex'crement, n. Matter ex- — view; to show, display; to present in a public or
creted and ejected, esp. alvine discharges dung ; official manner. (Med.) To administer as a remedy.
ordure. _
;

— n. Any paper produced as a voucher, or in proof

Excruciate, eks-kroo'shT-at, v. t. To inflict most se- j
of facts. (Law.) A document proved in a cause, by
vere pain upon; to torture, torment. admission or by witness. Thing exhibited, esp. a
Exculpate, eks-kul'pat, v. t. To clear from the im- collection of articles placed on public exhibition.
putation of fault or guilt to exonerate, absolve, ; — Exhibitor, n. —
Exhibition, eks'hi-bish'un, n.
justify. —
Exculpa'tion, n. Act of, etc. Excul/pa- — I Act of exhibiting manifestation display thing ; : ;

tory, -to-rT, a. Able to, etc. excusing. ; displayed public show. (Med.) The act of ad-
;

Excursion, eks-kSr'shun, n. setting out from some A ministering a remedy.

point; an expedition a trip for pleasure or health ; ; Exhilarate, egz-il'a-rat, v. t. To make cheerful or
tour; ramble jaunt a wandering from a subject merry to enliven, gladden, cheer.
digression. — ; ;

Excur'sive, -siv, a. Prone to make ex-

;

Exhort, egz-6rf, v. t. To incite by words or advice, ad-

cursions enterprising exploring. vise, warn, caution.— v. i. To deliver exhortation.
—
; ;

Excuse, eks-kuz', v. t. [-cused (-kuzd'), -cosing.] To Exhorta'tion, eks-, n. Act or practice of, etc.;
free from accusation, or imputation of blame to ; language intended to incite and encourage ; coun-
exculpate, absolve; to pardon, as a fault, regard with sel.
indulgence, overlook to free from an impending ; Exhume, eks-hum', v. t. [-homed (-humd'), -homing.]
obligation or duty not to exact to ask pardon or ; ; To dig up, as from a grave, disinter.
indulgence for. —
Excuse', -kus', n. Act of excus- Exigence, eks'I-jens, -gency, -jen-sT, n. State of be-
ing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, ing exigent urgent or exacting want distress ;

—
; ;

etc. ;a plea offered in extenuation of a fault apol- ;

— emergency necessity. Exigent, n. (Law.)

; A
ogy that which extenuates or justifies a fault judicial writ in the process of outlawry.— a. Re-
—
;

Excus'er, -kuz'er, n. Excus'able, -kuz'-, a. quiring immediate action; pressing.

Execrate, eks'e-krat, v. t. To denounce evil against Exile, eks'il, n. Forced separation from one's native
imprecate evil upon to abhor, abominate, curse. country proscription expulsion one banished
— Execra'tion, n. Act of cursing a curse pro-
;

; from his country.

;

v. t. —
[exiled (-ild), -ilixg.]
; ;

nounced that which is execrated. Ex'ecrable, a.

; — To banish from one's country, drive away.
Deserving, etc. detestable abominable. ; ; Exist, egz-isf, v. i. To be to have actual" or real be- ;

Execute, eks'e-kut, v. t. To follow through to the ing, material or spiritual to occur manifest it- : ;

end, carry into complete effect to render valid, as ; self; to live, have life.— Existence, -ens, -ency, -en-
by signing and sealing to give effect to, fulfill, ; sT, n. State of existing or being occurrence that ; ;

achieve, consummate to inflict capital punishment ; which exists; a being; creature.

on, put to death. (Mas.) To perform, as a piece of Exit, eks'it, n. Departure of a player from the stage;
music, —
v. i. To perform an office or duty; to play any departure act of quitting the stage of action
;

on a musical instrument.— Ex'ecu'ter, n. Execu- — or of life death decease ; way of departure pas-
; ; ;

tion, n. Act of executing performance legal ac- ; ; sage out of a place.

complishment; a putting to death as a legal penalty; Exode, eks'od, n. (Gr. Drama.) The catastrophe of
act or mode of performing works of art, of perform- a play. (Rom. Ant iq.) comic afterpiece. Ex'- A —
ing on an instrument, engraving, etc. (Law.) A final odus, -o-dus, n. Departure from a place; esp. depar-
process act of signing and sealing a legal instru-
; ture of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses ; 2d
ment. Effect.— Execu'tioner, n. One who executes, book of the Old Testament, which relates this de-
esp. a judgment of death. Executive, egz-ek'u-tiv, — parture.
a. Designed or fitted for, qualifying for, or pert, to, Exonerate, egz-oii'er-at, v. t. To relieve of (a charge,
etc.— n. The officer (king, president, etc.) who su- obligation,"or load of blame) to absolve, acquit,
— —
;

perintends the execution of laws. Exec'utor, -ter, clear, discharge. Exon'era'tion, n. Act of, or state
n. One who executes or performs; person appointed of being, etc.
bv a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried Exorbitant, egz-Sr'bl-tant, a. Departing from an
into effect, after his decease. Exec'utress, -utrix, — orbit or usual track ; deviating from the usual
n. Afemale executor. course; excessive; extravagant; enormous; anoma-
Exemplar, Exemplify. See under Example. lous irregular.
;

Exempt, egz-empf, v. t. To take out or from, grant Exorcise, eks'or-siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cisixg.]
immunity from, release. a. Taken out or re- — To drive away (an evil spirit) by adjuring by some
moved liberated. n. One freed from duty. — — holy name; to deliver from the 'influence of "an evil
—
:

Exemption, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. spirit. Ex'orcism, -sizm, n. Act of exorcising a ;

Exercise, eks'er-siz, n. Act of exercising exertion ; ; form of prayer or incantation for this end.
use; act of putting in practice performance per- ; ; Exordium, egz-Sr'dl-um, n. ; E. pi. -diums, -dl-umz,
formance of a public office or ceremony, esp. of L. pi. -dia, -di-a. Beginning of anything ; esp. in-
religious worship; exertion for the sake of training troductory part of a discourse.
or improvement hygienic activity a disquisition; Exoteric, -ical, eks-o-ter'ik-al, a. Public not secret
lesson task that which gives practice a trial.
; ;
; ;

;
— capable of being fully comprehended, opp. to eso-
;

—
;

v. t. [exercised (-sizd), -cising.] To set in action, teric.

employ, school or train, busy; to exert for the sake Exotic, egz-ot'ik, -ical, a. Introduced from a foreign
of improvement, improve by practice, discipline; to country not native.
; Exot'ic, n. Anything of for- —
occupy the attention and effort of; to task, tax, vex; eign origin, as a plant, word, custom, etc.
to use, employ. v. i. —
To take exercise; use action Expand, eks-pand', v. t. To lay open; to make larger,
or exertion. dilate, distend; to enlarge, extend, open. v. i. To —
Exert, egz-ert', v. t. To put forth, as strength, force, become opened, spread apart, dilated, or enlarged.
or ability to bring into active operation to do or — Expanse', -pans', n. That which is expanded ;
perform. — ;

Exertion, n. Act of, etc.; effort.

;

wide extent of space or body; the firmament. Ex- —

Exhale, egz-haK, v. t. [-haled (-hald'), -halixg.] pansible, a. Capable of being, etc. Expansibil- —
To emit, as vapor, send out, as an odor to cause to ; ity, -tl, n. Capacitv of, etc. Expansion, -shun, n. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ;
 EXPATIATE 135 EXPRESS
Act of, or condition of being, etc. ; thing expanded; perish. — Expiration, Act of ??. expiring,— as a
expanse; space; room. • i
breathing out of air from the lungs emission of ;

Expatiate, eks-pa'shl-at, ». i. To move at large, wan- j

volatile matter; exhalation; last emission of breath;
der without restraint; to enlarge in discourse, des- death; termination end matter breathed forth.
—
; ;
[

cant. r. t. To cause or allow to roam abroad; to Explain, eks-plan', v. t. [-plained (-pland'), -plain-
extend, diffuse. — Expa'tia'tion, n. Act of, etc. ing.] To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to
Expatriate, eks-pa'trl-at, v. t. To banish; to remove expound, interpret, elucidate, clear up. v. i. To —
(one's self) from one's native country. give explanation. —Explanation, ?;. Act of, etc.
Expect, eks pekf, v. t. To wait for, await; to look that which makes clear; meaning attributed to any-
forward to, anticipate, think, believe. Expect'- — ,
thing by one who expounds it a mutual exposition ;

ance, -ancy, -an-sl, n. Act or state of, etc. thing of meaning, to adjust a misunderstanding defini-
—
;

—
;

expected. Expect'ant, a. Having an attitude of tion interpretation

; account. Explanatory,
;

expectation waiting looking for

; in medicine,
; ; -plan'a-to-rT, a. Serving to explain; containing ex-
waiting for the efforts of nature. n. One who — planation.
waits in expectation. —
Expectation, ;;. Act or Expletive, eks'ple-tiv, a. Filling up; superfluous.—
state of expecting state of being expected
: thing : i). A word or syllable not necessary to the sense,
expected; ground~of expecting: reason for anticipa- but inserted to nil a vacancy, or for ornament.—
ting future benefits; value of any prospect depend- Ex'pletory, -to-rT,_n. Serving to, etc.
ing upon the happening of some uncertain event. Explicate, eks'plT-kat, v. t. To unfold the meaning
Expectorate, eks-pek'to-rat, r. r. To discharge of, explain, interpret. —
a. Evolved: unfolded.—
(phlegm, etc.) by coughing, hawking, and spitting. Explicable, a. —
Ezplica'tdon, n. Act of, etc. ex- :

— v. i. To discharge matter from the lungs or throat; planation: interpretation; sense given by an exposi-
to spit. —
Expec'tora'tion, ??. Act of, etc. matter ; tor.— Explicit, -plis'it, a. Distinctly stated; clear;
expectorated. —
Expectorant, a. {Med.) Tending not obscure or ambiguous; express; 'having no dis-
to promote discharges from the lungs or throat. n. — guised meaning or reservation.
(Med.) A medicine which, etc. Expectorative, — Explode, eks-plod', v. i. To burst with a loud report;
-tiv, a. Expectorant. to detonate. v. t.— To cause to explode, touch off
Expedite, eks'pe-dlt, ». r. To relieve of impediments, to drive out with violence and noise, as by powder;
quicken; to dispatch, issue officially. a. Free of — to bring into disrepute, and reject. Explo'sion, —
impediment expeditious. ; —
Expe'dient, -dt-ent, a. -zhun, ». Act of exploding or detonating. (Steam
Hastening forward tending to further a proposed eng.) The sudden and violent shattering of a boiler
—
;

object; proper under the circumstances advisable ; ; bv steam pressure, disting. f r. rupture ; a violent
profitable conducive, or tending to self-interest, manifestation of feeling, attended by an outburst in
— —
;

or selfish ends. n. Suitable means to accomplish language, etc. Explo'sive, -siv, a. Causing ex-
an end means employed in an exigency shift plosion. :

contrivance
;

resource
; substitute. ; —
Expedition, Exploit, eks-ploit', v. A deed or act: esp. a heroic
-dish'un, n. Quality of being expedite efficient act: ieat. ». i. To turn to account; work (a mine,
; —
promptness; haste; quickness: an important enter- etc.). Exploitation, ». Process of winning ores —
prise or attempt at some distance; an excursion for and minerals from their natural position, and ren-
a valuable end; body of persons making such an ex- dering them available.
cursion. —
Expeditious, -dish'us, a. Possessed of, Explore, eks-plor', v. t. [-plored (-plord'), -plor-
or characteiized by, expedition prompt; ready; ;IKG.] To search through, look into all parts of, ex-
quick; alert. amine thoroughly (esp. an unknown country).
Expel. eks-peK, v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pellixg.] To Expoliation. Same as Spoliation.
drive or force out. eject; to drive from one's coun- Exponent, eks-po'nent. n. {Alg.) A number or quan-
try, banish. —
Expulsion, -shun. n. Act of, or state titv on the right of and above another quantity, de-
of being, etc. —
Expul'sive, -siv, a. Having power, noting how olten the latter is repeated as a factor to
or serving to, etc. produce the power indicated. One who, or that
Expend, ekVpend', v. t. To apply or employ in any which, stands as an index or representative.
way; to consume by use, dissipate, waste. r. i. To —
Export, eks-port', r. f. To cam- (wares, etc.) from a
be "laid out, used," or consumed. Expenditure, —
country to other communities."— Ex'port, n. Act of
-chur, n. Act of. etc.; thing expended: expense.— exporting; thing exported.
Expense'', -pens', ». Act of expending; disburse- Expose, eks-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.]
ment outlay that expended cost charge.
; ; ;Ex- ; —
'lo place in a position to be seen; to lay forth to
pensive, -siv. a. Occasioning expense; costly; lav- view, as an opinion, etc.: to explain; to deprive of
ish : extravagant. cover or protection, lay open to attack or danger; to
Experience, eks-pe'rT-ens, n. Practical acquaintance depiive of concealment, as a thing that shuns pub-
with any matter by personal observation or trial of licit v; to divulge wrong practices of. Expose, -po- —
it; repeated trial of a matter; instruction so gained; za'."». A formal statement, recital, or exposition.
trial: proof; experiment. v. t. —
[experienced Ezpos'er, n. One who exposes. Exposition, — —
(-enst), -encing.] To make practical acquaintance -zish'un.H. Act of exposing or laying open; a pub- ;

with: to have befall one.— Expe'rienced, -rT-enst. p. lic exhibition or show; the act of expounding the
a. Taught by experience, or repeated observations. sense of an author or passage: interpretation; a work
— containing explanations, or the sense put upon a
J

Experientialism, -shal-izm, «. (Metapk.) Doctrine !

that all ideas and knowledge are derived from indi- passage bv an interpreter.— Expositive, -tiv, -itory,
—
i

vidual experience, —
opp. to intuitionalism. Ex- -to-ri, a. Serving to explain: illustrative; exegetical.
1

—
periment, -per'T-ment, >i. A trial deliberately in- Expositor, -ter, n. One who, etc.; an interpreter.
stituted: practical test: proof. v. i. —
To operate on Expos'ure. -po'zhur, n. Act of exposing: state of —
a body in order to discover some unknown fact, or being, etc.; position in regard to points of the coni-
illustrate a known one; to test by trial. Exper'i- —
passrinfluencesof climate, etc.— Expound', -pownd',
ment'al, a. Pert, to, given to, or skilled in, founded, v. t. To explain; clear of obscurity; interpret.
derived from, or affording, experiment; taught bv, Ex post facto, eks-post-fak'to. (Law.) Done after
or derived from, experience. — Expert', a. Taught the act to which it relates: from, or by, a thing done
by use, practice, or experience; adroit; skillful. afterward. [L.] —
Kr post facto laic. A law which —
Expert, eks'pert or eks-pgrt'. n. One who is, etc.; deals with acts clone before its passage.
esp. a scientitic_or professional witness. Expostulate, eks-post'u-lat, ?•. t. To reason earnestly
Expiate, eks'pl-at, v. t. To make satisfaction or rep- with a person on some impropriety of conduct; to
aration for: to atone for. — Expiation, ». Act of, remonstrate. Espost'ula'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; —
etc.: satisfaction; means by which atonement for kindly protest. Expost'ulatory, -to-rf, a. Con- —
crimes is made. —
Ex'piator, : ter, n. Ex'piatory, —
taining, etc.
-to-rY, a. Having power to, etc. Exposure, Expound. See under Expose.
Expire, eks-pir', v.t. [-piked (-pird'), -PiRixG.] To Express, eks-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-prest'), -press-
breathe out, emit from the lungs; to emit in minute ing.] To press or squeeze out: to imitate; to repre-
particles, exhale. —
v. i. To emit the breath, esp. the sent and exhibit (an opinion or feeling) by a look,
last breath; to die; to come to an end, terminate, gesture, or esp. bv language; to make known one s

sun, cube, full; moon, f dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 EXPULSION 136 EXUDE
opinions or feelings, —
used reflexively; to denote, appearance, functions, etc.: accidental; irrelevant; ,
designate; to send py express messenger. a. Closely — foreign pert, to foreign nations.
;

resembling; directly stated; made unambiguous ; Exterminate, eks-ter'mi-nat, v. t. To drive from

clear; plain; explicit; dispatched with special speed within the limits or borders of; to put an end to the
or directness, —n. messenger A sent on a special power of, eradicate, extirpate. (Math.) To cause
errand; a quick conveyance for packages, commis- to disappear, eliminate. —
Exter'mina lion, n. Act
sions, etc. —
Expressible, a. Capable of being, etc. of, etc.; eradication; excision. (Math.) Elimination,
— Expression, -presh'un, n. Act of expressing, or Extinguish, eks-tin'gwish, v. i. [-glished (-gwisht),
wisht),
forcing out by pressure; act of representing; decla- -GUISHING-] To smother, quench, put an end
ration; utterance; lively or vivid representation of to; to obscure by superior splendor.— Extin-
sentiment, feeling, etc. look or appearance, as indic-
; guisher, n. One wno, or that which, etc.
ative of thought or feeling; mode of speech, phrase. esp., a utensil to extinguish a candle or lamp.
(Alg.) The representation of any quantity by ap- — Extinguishment, n. Act of. etc.; suppres-
—
propriate characters or signs.

nificant. Expressively, adv.

Expressive, -iv, a.
Serving to, etc.; indicative; full of expression; sig-
— Expressiveness,
n.— Expressly, adv. In an express, direct, or pointed
manner; in direct terms; plainly.
—
sion; nullification. (Law.) The putting an
end to a right or estate by consolidation or
union. —Extinct', -tinkt', a. Extinguished;
put out; quenched; ended; closed. Ex- Ex
trnc'tion, n. Act of, or state of_being, etc. gu i s her
— h
Expulsion, Expulsive. See under Expel. Extirpate, eksler- or eks-ter'pat, v. t. To
Expunge, eks-punj', v. t. [-punged (-punjd'), -pun- pull up by the roots, destroy, eradicate, expel.
gi>~g.] To blot out, as with a pen; to strike out, wipe Extol, eks-toK, v. t. [-tolled (-told'), -tolling.] To
out or destroy, efface, erase, cancel. elevate by praise, eulogize, magnify, commend,
Expurgate, eks'per- or eks-per'gat, v. t. To purify laud, glorify.
from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to Extort, eks-torf, v. t. To wrest or wring from, gain
cleanse, purge. —
by force, exact. v. i. To practice extortion. Ex- —
Exquisite, eks'kwi-zit, a. Carefully selected; of sur- tortion, n. Act of, etc.; illegal exaction; thing ex-
passing excellence exceeding, extreme, keen,
;
— torted oppression rapacity.
: Extortionate, -at,
; —
used in a bad sense; of accurate discrimination; not -ary, -er-i, a. Practicing, pert, to, characterized by,
easy to satisfy; nice; delicate; refined; perfect. n. — or implying, etc. —
Extortioner, n.
One over-nice in dress or ornament; a fop, dandy. Extra, eks'tra, a. Over and above; uncommon; ex-
Exserf, -serted, eks-serfed, a. Standing out; pro- traordinary. n. —
Something in addition to what is
jecting beyond other parts. due or expected a special edition of a newspaper ;
;

Extant, eks'tant, a. Standing a special train. —

Extraordinary, -trSr'dT-na-ri, a.
out or above the surface con- ; Beyond or out of the common order or method ex- ;

tinuing to exist; in being; now ceeding the common degree or measure remark- ;

subsisting. able; uncommon employed for an unusual

rare
Extasy. See Ecstasy. or special object.
;

— n.
That which is, etc. — Ex-
;

Extempore, eks-tem'po-re, adv. traordinarily, adv.— ExtraVagant, a. Wandering

Without previous study or beyond bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; pro-
meditation; without prepara- fuse in expenses; prodigal.— Extrav'agantly, adv.—
tion suddenly.
; —
a. Without Extrav'agance, -agancy, -gan-sl, n. Act of, or state
study; extemporaneous. Ex- — of being, etc.; wildness; excess; prodigality: waste;
tem'pora'neous, -ne-us, -tern'- violence. —
Extra'neous, -ne-us, a. Not belonging
porary, -rl, a. Proceeding to, or dependent on; not essential; foreign.
from the impulse of the mo- Extract, eks-trakf, v. t. To draw out; to remove
ment; called forth by the oc- forcibly from a fixed position; to withdraw by dis-
casion unpremeditated off- tillation, or other chemical process; to take by selec-
h a n d — Extem'porize, v. i.
;

.
;

tion. — Extract, n. That which is extracted or

[-kized (-nzd), -eizing.] To drawn out; a passage from a book; citation; quota-
speak extempore; esp., to tion; anything drawn from a substance by heat, so-
make an off-hand address. - Exserted Stamens.
-,,

lution, distillation, or chemical process. Extrac- —

v. t. To do in a hasty, unpremeditated manner.— tion, n. Act of, etc. the stock from which one has
;

Extem'poriz/er, n.— Extem'poriza'tion, n. Act of, descended; lineage; birth; descent; thing extracted;
etc. extract; essence.
Extend, eks-tend', v. t. To prolong, esp. in a single Extradite, ekslra-dit, v. o deliver, under a treaty
direction, as a line; to protract; to enlarge, as a of extradition. Extr —
ion, -dish'un, n. Deliv-
surface or volume; to expand; to widen, continue, ery, by one of fugitives from jus-
state to ai. : or,
as time, lengthen; to hold out or reach forth; to be- tice, in pursuance of a treaty.
stow on; to offer. (Law.) To value, as lands taken Extreme, eks-trem', a. At the utmost point, edge, or
by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt. r. i. — border; outermost; furthest: last; final; conclusive;
To be continued in length or breadth; to reach.— the worst or best; most urgent; greatest; highest.
Extendible, -sile, -sil, a. Capable of being, etc. — (Mas.) Extended or contracted as much as possible.
Extensibility, n.— Extension, -shun, n. Act of, — n. The utmost point or verge; extremity; utmost
or state of being, etc. (Physics $,- Jfetaph.) That limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable: great
property of a body by which it occupies a portion necessity. —
Extreme unction. (Rom. Cath. Church).
of space. (Com.) A
written engagement allowing a The anointing of a dying person with oil. In the —
debtor further time to pay a debt.— Extensive, -siv, extreme. As much as possible.— In extremis. At the
a. Having wide extent; expanded; wide. Exten- — point of death. [L.] —
Extremely, adv.— Extrem'-
sively, adv. —
Exten'siveness, n. Exten'sor, n. — ist, n. A supporter of extreme doctrines or practice;
(Anat.) A
muscle which extends or straightens anv one who holds extreme opinions. Extremity, —
part of the body, as an arm or a finger. [L.] Ex- — -trem'T-t'i, n. That at the extreme the utmost ;

tent', n. Space or degree to which a thing is ex- limit; verge; border; end: utmost point; highest de-
tended; superficies; bulk; size; length. gree of inconvenience, pain, or suffering; greatest
Extenuate, eks-ten'u-at, v. t. To draw out, as the need or peril.
line of an army; to make thin or slender; to lessen; Extricate, eks'tri-kat, v. t. To free from difficulties
to palliate as a crime; to lower or degrade, as repu- or perplexities; to cause to be emitted or evolved; to
tation or honor. v. i. To become thinner, be disentangle, disengage, set free.
—
drawn out. Exten'ua'tion, n. Act of, etc. pallia- ; Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik, -sical, a. Not contained in
tion (of a crime); mitigation (of punishment). or belonging to a body; external; outward; unes-
Exterior, eks-te'rl-er, a. External; pert, to that which sential.
is external; on the outside; extrinsic; pert, to for- Exuberant, egz-u'bSr-ant, a. Characterized by abun-
eign nations; foreign. —
n. Outward surface or part dance; overflowing; superfluous.— Exu'berance, -an-
of a thing; external deportment, form, or ceremony. cy, -st, m. State of being, etc. Exu'berantly, adv. —
— Exter'nal, -ter'nal, a. Having relation to space; Exude, egz-ud', v. t. To discharge through pores or
outward exterior; from, or pert, to, the body, its
; incisions, as moisture, etc. v. i. To flow from a —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term •, in, Ice ; odd, tone, 6r j
 EXULT 137 FACT
body through the pores, or by natural discharge. - ball, globe, or apple of the eye. Eye'bright, n. A —
Exuda'tion, n. Act of, etc.; substance exuded. plant formerly used for diseases of the eye. Eye'- —
Exult, egz-ulf, v. i. To leap for joy, rejoice in tri brow, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. —
umph. — Exult'ant, a. Inclined to, etc. Exulta' — Eye'glass, n. A glass to assist the sight; the eye-piece
tion, n. Act of, etc.; triumph. of a telescope, etc. —
Eye'lash, n. The line of hairs
Eye, i, ». The organ of sight; power of seeing; view; that edges the eyelid; a single one of the hairs on
opinion; estimate; space commanded by the organ the edge of the eyelid. Eye'let, n. small hole — A
of sight; face; front; for a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, etc. a metal ;

presence observa- ring or grommet_ to fit, etc. [F. ceillet, dim. of ceil.}
tion; watch; notice;
;

— Eyeleteer', -er', n. A sharp-pointed instrument

look; aspect; a thing for making eyelet-holes a stiletto. Eye'lid, n. —
resembling the or- The cover of the eye. Eye'sight, n. Vision; view; — ;

gan of sight, in form, observation; relative power or capacity of seeing. —

position, or appear- Eye'-piece, n. (Opt.) The lens, or combination of
ance,— as, the hole in lenses, at the eye-end of an optical instrument. —
a needle; a catch for
a hook ; spot on a
sc/i -serv'ant, n.
when watched. service, n.
A —
servant who attends to duty only
Service performed
feather, as of a pea-
cock; bud or sprout
of a plant or root;
only under the eye of an employer.
thing offensive to the sight.
sore, n. Some-
stone, n. A small,
calcareous stone, used for taking substances from
—
center of a target. Eye between the lid and ball of the eye. tooth, n. ; pi.
(Naut.) Looped part op, optic nerve; sc, sclerotic or -teeth. A
tooth whose root is long, and points up
of a rope or stay ternal coat of the eye eft, choroid ; toward the eye the pointed canine or cuspidate
;

[EYED (id), EY- coat r, retina z, zonule of Zinn; ; ;

tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders. See
position of the Petitian canal
ING.] To fix the eye p, Tooth. wa'ter, n. A medicated lotion for the
sch, position of canal of Schlemm
on, observe, esp. to i, iris, the opening in the center of
;
eyes. wit'ness. One who sees a thing done.—
watch narrowly, or which forms the pupil c, cornea ;
;
Eyne, in,n. Obs. plural of eye.
with fixed attention. m, Meibomian glands I, crystal- Eyrie, -ry, a'rT, n. Place where birds of prey build
— Eye'ball, n. The line lens.
;

nests and hatch their young.

F.
F, ef, the 6th letter of the English alphabet, is formed containing the eyes, nose, mouth, etc. visage ; ;

by the passage of breath between the lower lip and countenance; cast of features; look; air; boldness;
upper incisive teeth. Its figure is the same as that shamelessness effrontery presence ;_sight front
:

of the Eolic digamma [F], to which it is related in mode of regard. v. t. [faced (fast), facing.] — ; ;

power. See Digamma. —(Mus.) is the 4th tone F To meet in front, oppose with firmness, stand op-
of the gamut, or model scale. F sharp (F ft) is a posite to, front upon, turn the front toward, con-
tone intermediate between F and G. front: to cover in front. (JIach.) To make flat or
Fa, fa. (Mus.) A
syllable applied to the 4th tone of the smooth the surface of. To adulterate (tea, etc.). — v.i.
gamut or model "scale for purposes of solmization. To turn the face.— Fascial, -shal, a. Pert, to the face.
Fable, fa'bl, n. A
fictitious story intended to enforce
I

— Facial angle. (Anat.) The angle formed by 2

some useful truth an apologue plot of an epic or
; : straight lines, one drawn from the middle of the ex-
dramatic poem; fiction falsehood. v.i. [fabled ; ternal entrance of the ear to the base of the nose, and
(-bid), fabling.] To feign to write or speak fic- ; the other from the prominent center of the forehead
tion.— v. t. To feign, invent, tell of falsely.— Fab'- to the most prominent part of the upper jawbone.—
ulous, -lus, a. Feigned; related to fable; not real; Fa'cially, adv. —
Facet, fas'et, Facette, fa-set', n.
fictitious; extravagant; passing belief; enormous. A little face a small surface.
;

Fabric, fab'rik, n. Struc- Facetiae, fa-se'shi-e, n. pi. Witty or humorous writ-

ture of anything; work- ings or sayings witticisms. Facetious, -shus. a.
; —
manship ; texture; Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; joc-
make; thing fabricated, ular characterized by pleasantry.
;

as, framework, edifice, Facile, fas'il, a. Easy to be done, surmounted, or

building, manufactured removed easy of access courteous; affable easily
;

—
; ;

cloth act or purpose of

; persuaded to good or bad pliant; flexible. Facil-
building construction. itate, v. t. To make easy or less difficult. FaciF-
;

—
—
;

Fab'ricate, -ri-kat, v. ita'tion, n. Act of, etc. Facility, -ti, n. Quality —

t. To frame, construct, of being easily performed ease readiness proceed- ; ;

build to form by art

; ing from skill or use dexterity easiness to be per-
; ;

and labor to forge, de- suaded; pliancy; ductility easiness of access; com- :

—
;

vise falsely. Fabrica'"- plaisance what promotes the ease of any action or
;

tion, n. Act of , etc. ; course of conduct assistance. ;

thing fabricated ; a fic- Fact, fakt, n. A

doing, making, or preparing thing ;

tion; figment; falsehood. done event reality truth a thing supposed or

;

—
; ; ;

Facade, fa-sad', n. Face, asserted to be done act deed incident. ;Fac- ; ;

front of an edifice. tion, -shun, n. A

party acting from selfish motives
Face, fas, n. The exterior against a government or established order of things
form of anything esp., combination clique junto. Fac'tionist, n. One — ;

—
; ; ;

the front part or surface who promotes faction. Facetious, -shus, a. Given
one of the bounding to faction prone to clamor against public measures
;

planes of a solid. (Mack.) or men pert, to, proceeding from, or indicating,

The principal dressed faction. —
;

Facetiously, adv. Fac'tiousness, n. — —

surface of a plate, disk, Facti'tious. -tish'us, a. Made by art, disting. fr. —
or pulley, or flat surface what is produced by nature artificial unnatural. ; ;

of a part. Outside ap- — Fac'tor, -ter, n. (Com.) An agent, esp., who

pearance surface show; ; buys and sells goods, and transacts business, for
look; that partof the head others on commission. (Math.) One of the quan-
of an animal, esp. of man, tities which, when multiplied together, form aprod-

sQn, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil j ringer or ink, tiien, botfbox, chair, get.
 FACULTY 138 FALSE
-
uct. A
condition helping to produce some result. as to (Theol.) Loving belief in the
moral truth. fie
Fac'tory, -ri, n. A place where factors transact Savior belief in the truthfulness and supernatural
; al
business lor employers; body of factors in any place; origin of the Scriptures. That which is believed ; a
building used for manufacturing goods; a manufac- system of religious belief; esp. the system taught by
tory. —Fac-simlle, -Y-le, n. ; pi. -iles, -lez. An Christ ; also, the creed of a Christian church strict
exact copy or reproduction. Facto'tum, n. ; pi. — adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises prom-
;

-tums, -tumz. One employed to do all kinds of ise given.— Faith ltd, -ful, a. Full of faith disposed ;

work. to believe, esp. in the declarations and promises of

Faculty, fak'ul-ti, n. Ability to act or perform; esp., God firm in adherence to promises, engagements,
;

original capacity for mental activity intellectual or duty; loyal; conformable to truth; worthy of be-
endowment power privilege or permission li-
;

lief trusty; honest; sincere; veracious. Faith''- —

—
;

—
; ; ;

cense a body of men to whom any specific priv-

; fully, adv. Faith'fulness, n. Faith'less, a. Un-
ilege is granted in Europe, the graduates in any of
; faithful; unbelieving; esp. not believing in God or
the 4 departments of a university or college (Philos- religion not observant of promises, allegiance, or
;

ophy, Law, Medicine, and Theology); the members duty; disappointing; deluding.
of a profession or calling the corps of professors ; Falcate, fal'kat, -cated, a. Hooked or bent like a
and tutors in an American college. sickle or scythe. Falchion, —
Fad, fad, n. A
hobby; crotchet; trifling pursuit. fawl'chun or -shun, n. A
Fade, fad, v. i. To perish gradually, wither ; to lose short sword, with a curved
freshness, color, or brightness ; to sink away, grow point. —
Falcon, faw'kn,
dim, vanish. —
v. t. To cause to wither, wear away. n. A
raptorial bird hav-
Faery, -ie, fa'er-T, a. or n. Same as Fairy. ing a short, hooked beak,
Fag, fag, n. A
laborious drudge esp., a school-boy ; powerful claws, and great
who does menial services for one of a higher class destructive power; esp., one
in English schools, v. i. [fagged (fagd), GiNG.] — of this family trained to the
To act as a fag, drudge ; to become weary, tire. — pursuit of other birds, or
v. t. To treat as a fag, compel to drudge; to cause to game.
labor diligently, tire by labor. Fall, fawl, v. i. [imp. fell ;

Fagot, f ag'ut, n. A
bundle of sticks, for fuel, or for rais- p. p. fallen (fawln); fall-
ing batteries, etc., in fortification ; a single stick a ; ing.] To descend to a lower
bundle of pieces of iron or of steel in bars; one hired position, drop down, make a
to take another's place at the muster of a company. descent by the force of grav-
— v. t. To make a fagot of.bind in a bundle. ity alone ; to become sud-
Fahrenheit, fa'ren-hit, a. Pert, to, or measured by,
a thermometer having the zero of its scale at 32°
denly prostrate; to empty; Ue H " a dl 7 f f f F1 •.

to cease to live, perish, van- ^on

below the freezing-point of water and the boiling- ish ; to lose strength to be ;

point at 212° above. [Inventor's name.] brought forth to decline in power, wealth, value,
;

Faience, Fayence, fi'oNs, n. Glazed earthen ware. etc.; to become degraded, sink into vice, error, or sin;
Fail, fal, v. i. [failed (fald), failing.] To be want- to become embarrassed, be entrapped; to become de-
ing, fall short, be lacking; to be affected with want; jected; to pass into a new state of body or mind; to
to Decome diminished, decline, decay ; to fall off in happen, come to pass; to rush or hurry; to pass by
vigor, activity, resources, etc. ; to become extinct, chance, lot, inheritance, etc.; to be dropped or ut-
perish, die ; to be wanting with respect to an effect, tered carelessly. v. t. —
To sink, depress. n. Act —
a duty to be performed, result to be secured, etc.; of descending by gravity, or of dropping or tum-
to miss; to be baffled or frustrated to become un- ; bling; death; overthrow: ruin; degradation; dimi-
able to meet one's engagements, become bankrupt nution of price or value; a sinking of tone; cadence;
or insolvent. v. t. —
To be wanting to not to, be declivity; aslope; descent of water; cascade; cata-
sufficient for to disappoint. ; n. Failure defi- — ;

; ract; discharge of a river into ocean, lake, or pond;

ciency lack ; want.
; Fail'ure, -yer, n. Cessation — extent of descent season when leaves fall from
;

of supply, or total defect deficiency ; omission ; ; trees; autumn; that which falls; a falling; act of
non-performance defect from decay bankruptcy; ; ; felling or cutting down; lapse from innocence or
suspension of payment. —Fallacy, faKla-si, n. De- goodness, esp. the apostasy of our first parents.
ceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; mistake; — Fell, v. t. [felled (feld), felling.] To cause to
sophistry. (Logic.) An apparent argument, pro- fall, prostrate (trees, etc.) ; to turn or sew down
fessing to decide the matter at issue, but not really the edges of (seams).
doing so. —
Fallacious, -shus, a. Embodying or Fallacy, Fallible, etc. See under Fail.
pert, to a fallacy ; fitted to deceive. Fallible, a. — Fallow, 1'aKlo, a. Left untitled after having been
Liable to mistake, to deceive, or to be deceived. plowed for culture pale red or pale yellow. ; n. —
Fain, fan, a. Well-pleased; disposed; inclined; esp., Land that has lain a year or more plowed without
conteirt to accept, adv. With pleasure ; gladly.— being sowed; the tilling of land, without sowing it
Faint, fant, n. The act of fainting; a swoon. a. — for a season, v. I. —
[fallowed (-lod), -lowing.]
Lacking strength; weak; languid; wanting in cour- To plow, harrow, and break up (land), without
age, spirit, or energy timorous dejected lacking ; ; ; seeding. —
Fallow deer. A
species of deer, yellow-
distinctness hardly perceptible, done in a weak or ish in color, smaller than the stag, and domesticated
feeble manner. v. i.
;

—
To become weak grow ; in England.
feeble, swoon to lose courage, become depressed ;
; False, fawls, a. Uttering falsehood; given to deceit;
to decay, disappear, vanish. dishonest; not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfid-
Fair, far, a. Free from spots, imperfection, or hin- ious; not true; fitted to deceive or disappoint; not
drance unblemished pure pleasing to the eye
; ; ; ; genuine or real; designed to deceive; counterfeit;
beautiful; free from a dark hue of a light shade ; not well founded; erroneous, (lias.) Not in tune.
— —
;

not overcast; cloudless; propitious; unincumbered; adv. Falsely. False'ly, adv. In a false man-
open characterized by frankness, honesty, impar- ner ; not truly. —
False'-heart'ed, a. Hollow ;
;

tiality, candor inspiring hope and confidence ; dis-

; treacherous ; deceitful ; perfidious. False'hood, —
tinct legible; not distinguished or unusual ; mod-
; n. Want of truth or veracity, honesty or integ-
erate; middling. adv. Fairly. n. —
fair woman. — A rity deceitfulness perfidy ; counterfeit impos-
—
— Fairly, -IT, adv. Clearly openly distinctly ; ; ;
;

ture; lie; fiction; fabrication.

;

Fals'ify, -1-il,v.t.
;

honestly ; pleasantly. — Fair'ness, n. State of be- [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To represent lalsely, coun-
ing, etc. freedom from stains or impurity ; hon-
; terfeit, forge; to prove to be false, or untrustworthy;
esty; candor; distinctness. to violate, break by falsehood. (Law.) To prove
Fair, far, n. A
gathering of buyers and sellers, for ex- false, as a judgment. (Equity.) To show, in ac-
hibition and sale of wares. counting, that an item of charge in an account is
Fairy, far /'i, n. An imaginary supernatural being or wrong, —
v. i. To tell lies, violate the truth.— Fals''-
spirit, in human form. Fay, fa, n. fairy; elf. — A ifi'er, n. —
Fals'ifi'able, a. "— FaFsifica'tion, n. Act
Faith, lath, ??. Belief; reliance on testimony; firm and of, etc.; a counterfeiting; confutation. (Equity.)
earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, esp., The showingo- an an item
itorv> r\+' otinwo to
of charge ho wrons
+r\ be wrnno- -Fals'
Vala'- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm \ In, Ice ; 5dd, tone,
 FALTER 139 FASCES
ity, -T-tY, n.Quality of being false; a false asser- fancy or liking for. a. —
Adapted to please the
tion; lie; deceit. —
Falsetto', -ef, -et'to, n. That fancy or taste. —
Fan'cier, -sl-er, n. One gov-
species of voice in a man whose compass lies above erned bv fancy; one who fancies or has a special
his natural voice. interest in; one who keeps for sale. Fan'ciful, -st- —
Falter, fawHer, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To ful, a. Full of, or guided by, fancy; whimsical;
fail, stumble; esp. to hesitate, stammer; to tremble, abounding in wild images; fantastical; visionary.
totter; to fail in distinctness or regularity of exer- Fan'cifully, adv. — Fan'cifulness, n. — Fantas'tic,
cise, —said mind or of thought.
of the -tical, a. Produced by the fancy; unreal; of the
Fame, f am, Public report or rumor; renown; no-
n. nature of a phantom; fanciful; imaginative: vision-
toriety; celebrity; credit; honor. v. t. [famed — ary; irregular; wild; capricious. Fantas'tic, n. —
(famd), famixg.] To report; to make famous.— Fa'- One given to fantastic dress or manners; a dandy. —
mous, -mus, w. Celebrated in fame; renowned; dis- Fantas' tic ally, adv. —
Fantas'ticalness, -tical Ity,
tinguished in story; remarkable; signal; illustrious. n. —
Fan'tasy, -st, n. Same as Fancy. Fan'tasm, —
Family, fam'i-li, n. The body of persons living in Fan'tom, n. Same as Phantasm, Phantom.
one house, and under one head; household; a tribe Fane, A temple place consecrated to religion.
fan, n. ;

or race; kindred; course of descent; genealogy; lin- Fang, A tusk or pointed tooth of a dog or
fang, n.
eage; a group of kindred individuals, more compre- other carnivorous animal, with which prey is seized
hensive than a genus. —
Familiar, -yar, a. Pert, to and torn; a venomous tooth, as of a serpent; a long,
a family domestic intimate, as a friend or com-
; ; pointed tooth; a claw or talon; any shoot or other
panion well versed in (a study) unceremonious
; ; ; thing by which hold is taken.
free well known, as a friend well understood, as Far, far, a. [farther and farthest are used as
;

a book or science. n. —
An intimate close com-
;

; compar. and superl. of far, in imitation of further

panion a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend
; and furthest: the ME. forms were ferrer, ferrestJ]
at a call. —
Familiarity, -yar- or -Y-ar'I-tT, n. State Distant in any direction remote contrary to de-
; ;

of being familiar; unconstrained intercourse; free- sign or wishes; at enmity with; more distant of the
dom from constraint; fellowship; affability; inti- two. —adv. To a great extent or distance of space
macy. — Familiarize, v. t. [-iarized (-yar-izd), or of time in great part in a great proportion;
; ;

-izixg.] To make familiar or intimate; to habitu- very much; to a certain point, degree, or distance.
ate, accustom; to make easy by practice or study. — — Far'ther, -ther, a. More remote additional
—
; ;

Familiarly, adv. In a familiar manner; without tending to a greater distance longer. adv. At or ;

formality; commonly; frequently. to a greater distance; beyond; moreover. Far- —

Famine, famln, n. General scarcitV of food; dearth; thest, -thest, a. More distant or remote furthest.
destitution.— Famish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ish- — adv. At or to the greatest distance.
;

ING-] To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger; to ex- Farce, fars, n. (Cookery.) Stuffing, like that used in
haust the strength of by hunger; to kill by depriva- dressing a fowl; force-meat. A low style of comedy;
tion of anything necessary; to constrain by famine. ridiculous or empty show. —
Far'cical, -sT-kal, a.
— v. i. To die of hunger, starve; to suffer from Pert, or appropriated to farce; ludicrous: deceptive.
deprivation of anything necessary. Fare, far, v. i. [fared (fard), faring.] To go, pass,
Famous, etc. See under Fame. travel; to be in any state, good or bad; to be treated
Fan, fan, n. An instrument for producing currents of with bodily or social comforts to happen well or
air, by motion of a broad sur- ill.— n. Price of passage by land or water; experi-
;

face ;as, an instrument for ence food provisions for the table. Farewell', —
; ;

—
cooling the person. (Mach.) An
instrument for exciting cur-
interj. Go well good-by adieu.
;

welfare at parting act of departure.

;
n. ; wish of
a. Parting; — A
rents of air, in winnowing valedictory.
grain, blowing a fire, ventila- Farina, fa-ri'na or -relia, n. The flour of corn, or
tion, etc., or for checking rapid any starchy root. (Chern.) Starch or fecula, one of
motion by the resistance of the the proximate principles of vegetables. Far / ina r- —
air; something in the form of a ceous. -shus, a. Consisting or made of meal or flour;
woman's fan, as a peacock's yielding farina or flour; like or pert, to meal.
tail, a window, etc.; a vane, Farm, farm, n. A
tract of land inclosed for cultiva-
used to keep the sails of a tion by a tenant; ground devoted to agriculture; a
smock windmill in the direc-
Pan-wheel,
landed estate; a lease. v. t. —
[farmed (farmd),
tion of the wind.—?-, t. [fanned farming.] To lease or let for an equivalent, as
(fand), -Xing.] To move as with a fan; to cool by land for a rent; to give up to another, as an estate,
moving the air; to ventilate, blow business, revenue, privilege, etc., receiving in return
on ; to winnow. —
Fan'ner, n. — a percentage of what it yields; to take at a certain
Fan'-blow'er, -wheel, n. wheel A rent or rate; to cultivate, as a farm. v. i. To till —
with revolving vanes to impel a cur- —
rent of air. —
light, n. (Arch.)
window shaped like an open fan.
A
the soil, labor as an agriculturist. Farm'er, n. One
who farms, as, a cultivator of leased ground; or, one
who collects taxes, customs, excise, etc., for a cer-
?>alm, n. The talipot-tree of the E. tain rate percent.; or, an agriculturist, husbandman.
ndies, whose leaves are at first — Farming, a. The business of cultivating land.
folded like a fan, but spread open.— Faro, iar'o, n. Agame at cards, in which a person
-tail, n. A
kind of bird, esp. a pig- plays against the bank, kept by the proprietor.
eon, having a fan-shaped tail; a form Farrago, f ar-ra'go, n. A
mass composed of materials
of gas-burner. confusedly mixed; a medley.
Fanatic, fa-natlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, Farrier, farlt-er,^ A
smith who shoes horses:
or indicating, fanaticism; exces- a veterinary surgeon— Farliery. -T, n. Art
sively enthusiastic, esp. on religious Fan-palm, of shoeing horses; treatment of diseases of
subjects.— Fanatic, n. One affected by excessive horses and cattle.
and unreasoning zeal. —
Fanatlcalness, -icism, -I- Farrow, farlo, n. A
litter of pigs. v. t. & i. —
sizm, n. Excessive zeal wild notions of religion
;
; [farrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To bring forth
superstition; frenzy. (pigs).
Fancy, fan'st, n. The faculty by which the mind Farrow, farlo, a. Not producing young in a
—
,

forms an image of anything perceived before, power given year, said only of cows.
of combining and modifying such objects into new Farther" Farthest. See under Far.
images, power of creating and recalling such ob- Farthing, far'thing, n. The fourth of an Eng.
jects for amusement or embellishment; an image of penny.
anything formed in the mind; conception; caprice; Farthingale, far'rhin-gal, n. hoop petticoat. A
whim; impression; inclination, liking, or the object Fasces, fas'sez, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) An ax
of inclination or liking; that which pleases the taste tied up with a bundle of rods, and borne Fisces.
or caprice witnout much use or value. v.. i. [fan- — before magistrates as a badge of authority.—
cied (-sid), - \i.\g.] To figure to one's self, imag-
— Fascine'', -sen', n. (Fort.) bundle of sticks of A
ine. v. t I o form a conception of to have a ; wood, used in raising batteries, filling ditches, etc.
sun, cube, full ; moon, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 FASCINATE 140 FEAST
Fascinate, fas'si-nat, v. t. To bewitch, enchant; to sounding line; esp., to sound the depth of, get to the
allure irresistibly or powerfully, enrapture, capti- bottom of.._
vate.— Fascina'tion, re. Act of, etc.; unseen, inex- Fatigue, fa-teg', n. Weariness from exertion; cause
plicable influence; that which fascinates; a charm; of weariness; labor; toil; labors of military_men,
spell. disting. fr. use of arms. v. t. —
[fatigued (-tegd'),
Fashion, fasVun. n. The make or form of anything; -guing.] To weary with exertion, exhaust the
pattern workmanship prevailing mode or style,
; ;
strength or endurance of, jade, tire.
esp. of dress mode of action; manner; sort; way. Fatten, Fatty, etc. See under Fat.
— v. t.
;

[fashioned (-und), -oning.] To form, give Fatuous, fat'u-us, a. Feeble in mind; weak; impo-
shape to; to fit, adapt, accommodate. Fash'ion- — tent; illusory ._— Fatuity, -T-tt, re. Imbecility.
able, a. Conforming to the fashion or established Faubourg, fo'boorg, n. A
suburb in French cities.
mode; established by custom or use; current; pre- Fauces, faw'sez, n. pi. The posterior part of the
vailing at a particular time; observant of the cus- mouth, terminated by the pharynx and larynx.
tomary mode genteel well bred. ; n. A person ; — Faucet, faw'set, n. A tube stopped with a peg, spigot,
of fashion. or slide, for drawing liquid from a vessel.
Fast, fast, a. Firmly fixed closely adhering; firm ; Faugh, faw, interj. Exclamation of abhorrence.
against attack, or in adherence; steadfast; faithful; Faulchion. Same as Falchion.
not easily disturbed or broken sound moving ; ; Fault, fa wit, n. Want; absence; lack; default; any-
rapidly swift rash and inconsiderate extrava- thing wanting, or that impairs excellence; a moral
;

gant dissipated.
;
;

—
adv. In a firmly established,
;

failing; an offense less serious than a crime; blun-

also in a rapid manner.— Fasten, fas'n, v. t. [-eked der; vice. (Geol. & Mining.) displacement of A
(-nd), -ening.] To fix firmly, make fast, secure; to strata or veins at a fissure, so that they are not con-
hold together, cause to cleave together, cement, at- tinuous. (Hunting.) A
lost scent, —v. t. To cause
tach, affix, annex. v. i. —
To fix one's self to ; a fault or displacement in (strata or veins). —
clinch. —
Fast'ening, re. Any thing that binds and Fault'y, -T, a. Containing, or guilty of, faults; im-
makes fast, as a lock, catch, holt, bar, etc. Fasf- — perfect; blamable. —
Fault'less, a. Without fault;
ness, n. State of being, etc.; fixedness; security; a blameless; spotless; perfect.
fast place; stronghold; fortress. Faun, fawn, n. (Rom. Myth.) god of shepherds A
Fast, fast, v. i. To abstain from food, go hungry; to —
and fields, half goat and half man.— Fau'na, -na,
practice abstinence as a religious duty. n. Ab- — n. (Zool.) The animals of any given area or epoch.
stinence from food, esp., as a religious mortification Fauteuil, fo-teK, n. An arm-chair, usually orna-
or humiliation a time of fasting.
; mented; a seat in the French Academy.
Fastidious, fas-tid'T-us, a. Difficult to please; deli- Favor, fa/ver, re. Kind regard; propitious aspect; act
cate to a fault; squeamish. of countenancing, or condition of being counte-
Fat, fat, a. Abounding with fat, as, fleshy, plump, nanced; support; a kind act or office; an act of
corpulent, oily, greasy, unctuous, rich; exhibiting grace; mildness; lenity; object of kind regard; a
the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; gift, token of love; something worn as a token of
dull; stupid; yielding a rich supply; productive.— affection a letter,
; —
so called in compliment. v. t. —
re. An oily, concrete substance, deposited in ani- [favored (-verd), favoring.] To regard with kind-
mal bodies; the richest productions; best part. v. — ness, aid, befriend; to afford advantages for success
t. To make fat, fatten. v. i. To grow fat, plump, — to, facilitate. —
Fa'vorable, a. Manifesting or in-
and fleshy. — Fat'ten, -tn, v. t. [-tened (-tnd), dicating partiality; propitious; tending to promote
-tening.] To make fat, fill full; to make fertile and or facilitate; advantageous. Fa'vorite, -it, n. A —
fruitful, enrich. v. t. —
To grow fat. Fat'ner, — person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one
-tener, n. One who or that which, etc. Fat r ty, — treated with partiality. a. Regarded with, etc. —
-tl, a. Containing or like fat; greasy. Favus, fa'vus, n. (Pathol.) disease of the_ scalp A
Fat, fat, n. A
large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. caused by a parasitic fungus. Favosa', -vos', a. —
Fate, fat, n. A
decree pronounced by God; inevit- (Bot.) Honey-combed; like
able necessity; appointed lot; esp., final lot, death, the section of a honey- r__^
destruction destiny; doom chance, pi. (Myth.')
; ; comb having pits, depres-
; ^ /,
Three goddesses (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos) sions, or cells. _=^
supposed to determine the course of human life.— Fawn, fawn, n. A young fal- ± ~^A
Fa'tal, a. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate; low deer; a buck or doe of at
necessary; inevitable; causing death or destruction; the first year.
destructive calamitous.
; Fa'tally, adv. Fa'tal- — — Fawn, fawn, v. i. [fawned L<
ism, -izm, n. The doctrine of fate, or inevitable ne- ( fa wnd), fawning.] To "^
cessity. — Fa'talist, n. One who maintains that all court favor by cringing,
things happen by inevitable necessity. — Fatal'ity, court servilely, flatter
-1-tT, n. State of being fatal, or proceeding from meanly.
destiny; invincible necessity state of being pro- ; Fay. See Fairy.
ductive of death; tendency to destruction or danger; Fay, fa, v. t. and i. [fayed (fad), faying.] To fit,
mortality. suit, unite closely with.
Father, fa/ther, n. Male parent; a remote male an- Fealty, fe'al-ti, n. Fidelity to one's lord, to a supe-
cestor; progenitor; esp., a first- ancestor; one vener- rior power, or to a government; homage; loyalty.
ated for age, kindness, wisdom, etc.; a senator of Fear, fer, n. A
painful emotion excited by expecta-
ancient Rome a dignitary of the Rom. Cath.
; tion of evil or apprehension of danger; solicitude;
church, superior of a convent, confessor, priest, etc.; alarm; dread; terror. (Script.) Reverence for the
a dignitary or elder clergyman in the Protestant Supreme Being, or for men of authority or worth.
church; one of the chief ecclesiastical authorities That which causes apprehension or alarm. —v. t.
of the first centuries after Christ; a producer, au- [feared (ferd), fearing.] To feel a painful appre-
thor, or contriver the first of a series a distin- hension of, be afraid of, dread; to have a reveren-
;

—
;

guished example or teacher the Supreme Being; ; tial awe of, venerate. v. i. To be in apprehension
in theology, the first person in the Trinity, —v. t. of evil, be afraid. —
Fear'ful, -ful, a. Full of fear;
[fathered (-fcherd), -thering.] To make one's self afraid easily frightened indicating, or caused by
the father of, beget to take as one's own child,
;
;

fear; inspiring fear; horrible shocking; awful.

;

;
—
adopt, acknowledge one's self author of.— Fa'ther- Fearless, a. Free from fear; bold; daring; heroic.
hood, n. State of being a father; paternity. Fa''- — Feasible, 1'e'zT-bl, a. Capable of being effected; prac-
therly, -IT, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; paternal; ten- ticable. —
Fea'sibleness, -sibiKity, -tT, n.
der protecting. —
Fa'therliness, n. Qualities of, Feast, fest, n. A
festival; holiday; a solemn or joyous
etc. —
;

Fa'therless, a. Destitute of, etc.; without a anniversary; a festive meal; banquet; something
known author.— Fa'ther-in-law, n. Father of one's delicious or highly agreeable, v. i. To eat sump- —
husband or wife. tuously; to be highly delighted. v. t. To entertain —
Fathom, fatb/um, n. A measure of length 6 feet; = with sumptuous provisions; to delight, gratify lux-
space to which a man can extend his arms. v. t. — uriously. —
Fes'tal, -tive, -tiv, a. Pert, to a holi-
[fathomed (-umd), -OMiNG.] To measure by a day or feast; joyous; gay. Fes'tival, -tT-val, a. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 FEAT 141 FELON
Festal, n.— A
time of feasting or celebration; a supply with nourishment, fill the wants of, satisfy;
civil or religious anniversary. —
Festivity, -tT, n. to graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding; to give
Condition of being festive; a festive celebration; for food, furnish for consumption. (Mach.) To
festival.— Fete, fat, n. A festival; holiday. v. t. — supply with materials, as a printing press with
To feast; to honor with an entertainment. paper; to subject to operation, as the work, or the
Feat, f et, n. An act; deed; exploit; a striking act of tool, in machines. v. i. —
To take food, eat; to sub-
strength, skill, or cunning; a trick.— Featly, adv. sist by eating, prey to pasture, graze. n. That —
Neatly; dexterously; adroitly. Feafure, fe'chur,— which is eaten by beasts; provender; fodder; a pas-
;

n. Make, form, or appearance of a person; esp. ture ground; allowance given to a horse, cow, etc.;
food appearance; cast or appearance of the human water supplied to steam-boilers. (Mach.) The parts
ace, esp. of any single part of the face; a lineament; that move the work to the cutting-tool, or the tool
structure of anything; marked peculiarity. to the work. —
Feed'er, n. One who gives food; one
Feather, fetb/er, n. One of the growths, generally who, or that which feeds a machine; one who fur-
formed each of a central quill and a vane on each nishes incentives, eats or subsists, or fattens cattle
side of it, which cover a bird; a plume; pen. —v. t. for slaughter; a fountain or channel that supplies
[feathered (-erd), -ering.] To dress in feathers; a main canal with water; a branch railroad wnich
to furnish (an arrow, cap, etc.) with feathers to increases the business of the main line. (Mining.)
adorn, deck; to tread, as a cock. v. i. To become — ;

A side branch of a vein that passes into a lode.

feathered or horizontal; to curdle wben poured into Feel, fel, v. t. [felt, feeling.] To perceive by the
another liquid, and float in feather-like flakes. touch, examine by touching ; make trial of, test
Featly, Feature. See under Feat. to perceive within one's self, experience, be affected
Febrile, fe-'bril or feblil, a. Pert, to, indicating, or by to have an inward persuasion of.
; v. i. To —
derived from fever.— Feb'rifa'cient, -shent, Febrif- have perception by the touch or nerves of sensa-
ic, a.Producing fever. —
Feblifuge, -rT-fuj, n. tion; to have the sensibilities moved; to perceive
{Med.) A medicine serving to remove fever. a. — one's self to be, —
followed by an adjective descri-
Having the quality of subduing fever: anti-febrile. bing the state, etc. to know with feeling, know ;

February, feb'roo-a-rt, n. The 2d month in the year, certainly; to appear to the touch, give a perception.
—containing, in common years, 28 days, in bissex- — n. Feeling; sensation communicated by touching.
tile or leap year, 29 days. — FeeFer, n. One who, or that which, feels. (Nat.
Feces, Faeces, fe'sez, n. pi. Excrement; ordure; also Hist.) One of the organs with which certain ani-
dregs, settlings, sediment. —
Fe'cal, a. Pert, to, or mals try objects by the touch; a palp. A proposal,
containing, etc. —
Fec'ula, -u-la, n. Any pulveru- observation, etc., to ascertain the views of others. —
lent matter obtained from plants by simply break- Feeling, p. a. Possessing, or expressive of, great
ing down the texture, washing with water, and sub- sensibility sensitive. ; n. The sense ; sense of —
sidence ; esp. nutritious part of wheat starch or ; touch; an act or state of perception by touch; con-
farina green matter of plants.
;
—
Fec'ulent, a. Foul sciousness; capacity of the soul for emotional states;
with extraneous or impure substances dreggy ; state or condition of emotion ; any mental state ;
—
;

turbid. sentiment; agitation; opinion. Feelingly, adv.

Fecund, fek'- or fe'kund, a. Fruitful in children; In a feeling manner ; affectingly.
prolific— Fec'undate, v. t. To make fruitful or Feet. See Foot.
prolific ; to impregnate. — Feeun'dity, -dT-tY, n. Feign, fan, v. t. [feigned (fand), feigning.] To
Quality or power of producing fruit or young imagine ; to assert by a fiction, pretend to make a
;

— Feint, fant, n.
;

power of germinating, as in seeds; fertility; rich- show of, counterfeit. That which
ness of invention. is feigned; a pretense; a seeming aim at one part
Fed. See Feed. when another is to be struck. v. i. To make a —
Federal, fed'er-al, a. Pert, to a league, contract, or mock attack.
treaty; composed of states retaining only a subordi- Feldspar, feld'spar, Fel'spar, n. (Min.) crystal- A
nate sovereignty. —
Fed'eral, -alist, n. An advocate line mineral, vitreous in luster, and breaking in two
of confederation; esp. (Amer. Hist.), a friend of the directions it consists of silica, alumina, and potash.
:

Constitution of the II. S. at its formation and adop- Felicity, fe-lis'Y-tY, n. State of being happy; blessed-
tion. —
Federalism, -izm, n. The principles of ness; that which promotes happiness; a gratifying
Federalists. —
Fed'orate, a. United by compact, as event; bliss; beatitude.— Felicitous, -tus, a. Hap-
states or nations; leagued; confederate. Federa'- — py; skillful well applied or expressed; appropri-
— —
;

tion, n. Act of uniting in a league; a league, con- ate. Felicitously, adv. Felicitate, -tat, v. t.
federacy. —
Federative, -tiv, a. Uniting; joining in To make happy, delight; to express pleasure to, con-
a league. gratulate. —
Felic'italion, n. Congratulation.
Fee, fe, n. Property; possession; reward for services, Feline, felln, n. Pert, to the cat.
esp. payment for professional services charge. ; Fell. See under Fall.
(Feud. Law.) A right to the use of a superior's Fell, fel, a. Cruel; inhuman; fierce; ravenous, bloody.
land, as a stipend for services to be performed; land Fell, fel, n. A
skin or hide of a beast.
so held; a fief. (Eng. Law.) An estate of inherit- Fell, fel, n. hill A
range of hills mountain-side
; ; ;

ance supposed to be held either mediately or imme- low, marshy, wild land.
diately from the sovereign. (Amer. Law.) An es- Felloe. Same as Felly.
tate of inheritance belonging to the owner, without Fellow, fello, n. One who follows an adherent ;

condition attached to the tenure. v. t. [feed — companion associate a man without good breed-
; ;

(fed), feeing.] To reward for services, recompense, ing or worth an equal in power, rank, character,
hire, bribe. —
Fee'-farm, n. (Law.) Land held of etc. ;
;

one of a pair a mate a person individual ; ; ;

another in fee, at an annual farm or rent; estate in one of the associates in an English college, admitted
fee-simple, subject to a perpetual rent. sim'ple,
n. An absolute fee; fee without conditions or lim-
— to share in its revenues a member of a literary or
scientific society or corporation one of the trustees
;

its. — Fief, fef, n. An estate held on condition of of a college. —

Fellowship, n. State or relation of
;

military service fee feud.— Feoff, f Cf n.

; ; fief. . A — being a fellow or associate familiar intercourse a ; ;

v. t. [feoffed (feft), -fing.] To invest with a fee state of being together; partnership; an association;
or feud; to enfeoff. —
Feud, Feod, fud, n. stipen- A company. (Eng. Universities.) foundation for A
diary estate in land, held by service; fief ; fee. the maintenance of a resident scholar. (Arith.)
Feud'al, Feod'al, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or Rule for dividing profit and loss among partners.
founded on, etc. —
Feudality, -tt, n. State or Felly, fellT, Felloe, -lo, n. curved segment of the A
quality of being feudal feudal form or constitu-
; rim of a wheel, between the spokes and tire.
tion.— Feud'ary, -atary, -atory, -rl, a. Held by feu- Felon, feKon, n. (Law.) One who has committed
dal tenure.— Feu 7 daliza'tion, n. Act of reducing felony. One guilty or capable of heinous crime crim-
to, etc. —
Feud'alism, -izm, n. The feudal svstem. inal malefactor. (Med.) whitlow; paronychia; A
;

Feeble, fe'bl, a. [feebler, -blest.] Deficient in

;

inflammation of a finger or toe. a. Malignant; —

strength; wanting force or efficiency in action or fierce; traitorous; disloyal.— FeKony, -nY, n. (Eng.
expression; infirm; languid; imbecile faint. ; Law.) An offense which occasions forfeiture of
Feed, fed, v. t. [fed, feeding.] To give food to, lands or goods at the common law, and to which
sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FELSPAR 142 FIANCE
punishment may be added. A hei- Ferret, fe'r'ret, n. An animal of the weasel kind. — v. t.
capital or other
nous crime esp. one punishable by death or impris- [ferreted, -eting.J To drive or hunt out of a
onment. — Felo'nious, -nY-us, a. Having the qual-
;

hiding place to search carefully.

ity of felony malicious villainous perfidious.
; ;Ferret, ferret, n. A kind of narrow tape.
;
— ;

Fe'lo-de-se', n. A self-murderer ; a suicide. Ferret, fer' ret, n. (Glass Mamif.) The iron used to
Felspar. See Feldspar. try melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to
Felt. See Feel. make the rings at the mouths of bottles.
Felt, felt, n. Cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and fur, Ferrule, feVril or fer'rool, n. ring of metal round A
not woven, but wrought into a compact substance the end of a cane, handle, etc., to prevent splitting.
by rubbing or beating a hat made of wool. v. t. — Ferry, fer'rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To trans-
—
;

To make into, or cover with, felt. Felt'ing, n. port over a river or other water, in a boat. v. i. To —
Material of which felt is made; felt-cloth. pass over water in a boat. n. vessel in which — A
Felucca, fe-luk'ka, u. (N~aut.) vessel, with oars A passengers and goods are conveyed over water ; a
and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. wherry ; place where persons or things are carried
Female, fe'mal, n. One of the sex that bears young. across water, in ferry-boats ; right of carrying per-
(Bot.) A plant which bears the pistil, is impreg- sons, animals, or goods across water, for hire.
nated by pollen of male flowers, and produces fruit. Fertile, feVtil, a. Producing fruit in abundance; pro-
— a. Pert, to the sex which conceives and gives lific productive rich. (Bot.) Capable of produ-
;

birth, or to an individual of the female sex char- ;

;

cing fruit. —
Fer'tileness, -til'ity, n. State of be-
acteristic of the sex feminine. ; (Bot.) Having ing, etc. —
Fertilize, -hz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -li-
pistils and no stamens; pistillate. Fem'inine, -T- — zing.] To make fertile, fruitful, or productive to ;

nin, a. Pert, to woman; womanish; womanly; hav- enrich. —

Fer'tiliza'tion, ». Act or process of, etc.
ing the qualities of a female; modest, graceful, affec- Ferule, f er'ril or f er'rool, n. flat piece of wood, for A
tionate, confiding lacking manly force or vigor, ef-
; punishing children.— v. t. [feruled (-rild or -ruld),
feminate. (Gram.) Having a form belonging esp. -ULING.] To punish with a ferule.
to words which are epithets of females. Feminin'- — Fervent, ier'vent, a. Hot; boiling; warm in feeling;
ity, -tT, n. Quality or nature of, etc. ardent in temperament earnest vehement ani-
— ;

—
; ;

Femoral, fem'o-ral, a. Pert, to the thigh. mated. Fer'vently, adv. Fer'vency, -sT, n. State
Fen, fen, n. Boggy land moor marsh. ; ; of being, etc. —
Fer'vid, a. Very hot; burning; boil-
Fence, fens, »'. That which fends off attack or dan- ing; ardent; vehement; zealous. Fer'vor, -ver, n.
ger ; a wall, hedge, or other inclosing structure Heat excessive warmth intensity of feeling or ex-
; ;

about afield, etc., esp. a wooden barrier; self-defense pression; zeal.

by the use of the sword fencing, v. t. [fenced ; — Festal, Festival, Festive, etc. See under Feast.
(fenst), fencing.] To fend off danger from, pro- Fester, fes'ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
tect, guard to inclose with a fence or other protec- grow virulent, corrupt, rankle, suppurate; to become
tion. — v. i.
;

To make a fence, give securitj' ; to de- malignant and invincible, said of passions. —v. t.—
fend one's self by the swovd. Fen'cible, -sT-bl, a. — To nurse, as something that rankles. n. sore — A
Capable of being defended, or of making or afford- which rankles and discharges corrupt matter; a pus-
ing defense, n. —
(Mil.) A soldier enlisted for the tule; a festering or rankling.
defense of the country, and not liable to be sent Festoon, fes-toon', n. A
garland, wreath, etc., hang-
abroad. —
Fen'cing, n. Art of self-defense with the ing in a curve. v. t. —
[festooned
sword materials for making fences a system of
; ; (-toond'), -tooning.] To form in, or
fences. adorn with, festoons.
Fend, fend, v. t. To keep off, shut out. v. i. To — Fetal. See under Fetus.
act in opposition, resist, parry. Fend'er, n. One — Fetch, fech, v. t. [fetched (fecht),
who, or that which, etc. esp". a metallic frame to ; fetching.] To go and bring; to get;
hinder coals of fire from rolling to the floor; a buffer to bring, —
as, to obtain as price or
^ebtoon.
to prevent a vessel from striking against a wharf or equivalent, sell for; or, to recall
another vessel. from a swoon; or, to reduce, throw; to bring to ac-
Fenian, fe'nT-an, n. A member of an organization complishment, make, do; to reach, arrive at, attain.
for the overthrow of English rule in Ireland. — v. i. To bring one's self, move, arrive. n. A —
Fennel, fen'nel, n. A plant of various species, culti- stratagem trick ; artifice apparition of a living
; ;

vated for its carminative seeds, or as a salad plant. person.

Feod, Feoff, etc. See under Fee. Fete. See under Feast.
Ferment, fer'ment, n. That which causes fermenta- Fetid, fefid, a. Having an offensive smell; stinking.
tion heat tumult.
; ;
—
Ferment', v. t. To cause fer- — Fe'tor, -t6r, n. A
strong, offensive smell; stench.
ment or fermentation in. v. i. To undergo fermen-— Fetlock, fet'lok, n. The part of the leg where the
tation, work, effervesce; to be active or excited.— tuft of hair grows behind a horse's pastern joint.
Fermenta'tion, n. That effervescent change of or- See Horse.
ganic substances by which their starch, sugar, glu- Fetter, fefter, n. A
chain for the feet; anything that
ten, etc., under the "influence of moisture, air, and confines ; a restraint. v. t. —
[fettered (-terd),
warmth, aredecomposed and their elements recom- -tering.] To put fetters on, shackle, bind; to im-
bined in new compounds ; active state of the intel- pose restraints on, confine.
lect or feeling's. Fetus, fe'tus, n. ; pi. Fetuses, -ez. The growing em-
Fern, fern, n. (Bot.) An order of cryptogamous bryo of a viviparous animal, esp. an unborn child.
plants, having their fructification on — Fe'tal, a. Pert, to, etc.
the back of the fronds or leaves. Feud, fud, «. A
combination of kindred to revenge
Ferocious, fe-ro'shus, a. Indicating injuries to any of their blood, on the offender and
cruelty; ravenous; fierce; savage; bar- all his race an inveterate strife between families,
;

barous. —
Ferociousness, Feroc'ity, clans, or parties in a state deadly hatred contest.
-ros'I-tY^ 11. State of being, etc. — Feud, Feudal, Feudalism, etc.
; ;

See under Fee.

Fierce, fers, a. Furious violent im- ; ; Feuilleton, le'ye-tawjj, n. A part of a French news-
petuous, as beasts, storms, etc. ; exces- paper, devoted to light literature, criticism, etc.
sively eager or ardent vehement in ; Fever, fe'ver, n. (Med.) A
diseased state of the sys-
cruelty; fell. tem, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the
Ferreous, fer're-us, a. Partaking of, v Pr „ pulse, and a derangement of the functions. Strong
made of, pert, to, or like, iron. For'- -tern, — excitement of any kind a season of excitement. ;

rate, -rat, n. (Cliem.) A salt consisting of ferric — Fe'verish, a. Affected by; pert, to, indicating, or
acid in combination with a base. Fer'ric, a. Pert, — like, fever.
to, or extracted from, iron. Fer^rous, -rus, a. — Few, fu, a. Not many; small, limited, or confined in
Pert, to, or derived from, etc.,— said of compounds number, —indicating a small portion of units con-
containing less iron than ferric compounds. Fer- stituting a whole.
ruginous, -rob /'ji:-nus, a. Partaking of, or contain- Fez, fez, n. A
red, brimless cap, worn by Turks, etc.
ing particles of", iron resembling iron-rust in ap-
; Fiacre, fe-a'kr, n. A
French hackney-coach.
pearance or color. Fiance, n. m. ; -cie, fe-aN'sa, n. f. One betrothed.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, te"rm ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, or
 FIASCO 143 FILE
Fiasco, fe-as'ko, n. (Mus.)
performance. A
failure of any kind.
A
failure in a musical in the field. — officer, n. (Mil.)
above the rank of captain, and below that of gen-
A military officer
Fiat, fl'at, n. A
command to do something. eral, as a major, lieutenant-colonel, or colonel. —
Fib, fib, re. A
lie or falsehood. v. i. —
[fibbed (fibd), -piece, n. (Mil.) A
field-gun. sport, n. Diver-
-bing.] To lie, speak falsely. sion in the field, as shooting and hunting. work,
Fiber, -bre, fi'ber, n. One of the delicate, thread-like n. (Mil.) A temporary work thrown up by troops
portions of which tissues of plants and animals are in the field. Work done out of doors, as, (Surv.)
partly constituted; any fine thread, or thread-like work with the chain and compass, etc., disting. fr.
substance; esp., one of the rootlets of a plant. See calculations; (Bot.), collection of specimens for
Root.— Fi'brous, -brus, a. Having, or consisting of, analysis; (Geol.). excursions for study, etc.— Field''-
fibers. — Fi'bril, n. A
small fiber; branch of a fiber. fare, -far, n. A
bird of the thrush kind.
— Fibrillose, rt-biiK- or fib'ril-los, a. Composed of Fiend, fend, n. An implacable or malicious foe; the
fibrils. — Fibril'lous, -lus, a. Pert, to, or formed of devil; an infernal being. —
Fiend'ish, a. Like a
small fibers, as the cap of a mushroom. Fi'brine, — fiend ; malignant. —
Fiend'ishly, adv.
-brin, n. (Chem.) A
peculiar organic compound Fierce, etc. See under Ferocious.
found in animals and vegetables, and also contained /,
Fieri-facias, fi / e-ri-fa sht-as, n. (Laio.) judicial A
in the clot of coagulated blood. writ, commanding the sheriff to collect from the
Fibula, fib r u-la, n. ; yl. -L/E, -le. clasp or buckle. A goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the
(Anat.) The outer and smaller bone of the leg. sum recovered in debt or damages.
(Surg.') A needle to sew up wounds. Fiery, etc. See under Fire.
Fichu, le-shoo', n. A
cape, usually of lace, worn by Fife, fif, n. (Mus.) A
pipe used as a wind-instru-
ladies over neck, bosom, and shoulders. ment. —v. i. [fifed (lift), fifing.] To play on a
Fickle, fik'l, a. Liable to change or vicissitude; of fife.
changeable mind wavering irresolute; unstable;
; ; Fifteen, Fifth, Fifty, etc. See under Five.
mutaDle; capricious. Fig, fig, n. (Bot.) A
fruit tree growing in warm
Fictile, fik'til, a. Molded into form by art.— Fic'tion, climates; its fruit,
-shun, n. Act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; eaten fresh or dried. A
thing invented or imagined, esp. a feigned story worthless thing, —
in con-
fabrication falsehood.'
; —
Fictitious, -tish'us, a.
;

tempt. (Far.) ex-An (

—
.

Feigned counterfeit false.

; Fig'ment, n. An in-
; crescence on the frog of a
vention; fiction. horse's foot, resulting
Fid, fid, n. (Naut.) A bar of wood or iron, to support from a bruise.
the topmast. A
bar or pin, to support or steady Fight, fit, v. i. [fought
anything; a tapering pin, to open the strands of a (fawt), FIGHTING.] To
rope in splicing. strive or contend for vic-
Fiddle, fid r dl, n. (Mus.) A
stringed instrument of tory, contend in arms; to
music violin kit. (Bot.)
; ; A
perennial plant, a act in opposition, make
species of dock. v. t. —
[fiddled (-did), -dling.] r e si stance. — v. t. To
lo play on a violin; to shift the hands often, like a carry on, or wage (a con-
player on a fiddle, and do nothing to tweedle, trifle. flict or battle); to contend
—
;

Fid'dler, n. A player on, etc.; a kind of small with, war against; to

crab.— Fid' die-stick, n. The bow for playing on, cause tofight, manage or
etc. — Fid'dle-dee-dee', interj. An exclamatory maneuver in a fight. — n.
phrase, equivalent to Nonsense ! Fid'dle-fad'dle, — A battle, engagement,
n.' A trifle; trifling or fussy talk; nonsense. struggle for victory com- ;

Fidelity, fl-deKT-tt, n. Faithfulness adherence to ; bat; action; conflict. Fig, Leaf and Fruit.
right; esp., adherence to a person or party to which Figment. See under Fictile.
one is bound; loyalty; adherence to one's promise; Figure, fig'ur, n. Form of any thing; shape; outline;
veracity; honesty; adherence to the marriage con- structure; appearance; representation of any form
tract; integrity; faith; fealty. by drawing, painting, etc.; an image; a pattern cop-
Fidget, fij'et, v. i. To move uneasily one way and ied in cloth, paper, etc.; appearance or impression
the other. —
n. Irregular motion; uneasiness; one made by one's conduct; a character standing for, or
—
who fidgets. Fid'gety, -T, a. Restless. representing, a number; a numeral; digit, as 1, 2, 3,
Fiducial, fT-du'shal, a. Having faith or trust; con- etc.; value, as expressed in numbers; price; a type
fident; undoubting; of the nature of a trust; fidu- or representative. (Rhet.) Pictorial language a ;

ciary. — Fidu'ciary, -shT-a-rT, a. Confident ; un- trope; deviation from rules of grammar. (Logic.)
doubting ; firm holding, held, or founded, in trust.
; The form of a syllogism with respect to the position
— n. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a of the middle term. v. t. —
[figured (-urd), -ur-
trustee. (Theol.) One who depends for salvation on ing.] To majce an image of, by drawing or model-
faith, without works. ing; to embellish with designs, mark upon; to indi-
Fie. fi, interj. An
exclamation denoting contempt. cate by numerals; to calculate; to state by a meta-
Fief. See under Fee. phor, signify or symbolize; to image in the mind.
Field, feld, n. Felled ground cleared land place ; ; (Mus.) To write (figures or other characters) over
where a battle is fought; battle; an open space; or under the bass, indicating the accompanying
wide extent an expanse. (Her.) The surface of
; chords; to embellish, —v. i. To make afigure.be
the shield; any blank space or ground on which distinguished. —
Fig'ure-head, n. (Naut.) The
figures are drawn. A collective term for all the figure or bust projecting from the bow of a ship.
riders in a hunting field, fielders in cricket, or com- See Ship. A
person nominally at the head of an as-
petitors in any contest, —v. i. In games of ball, to sociation or enterprize, but lacking ability or au-
stand out in the field, to catch balls. Field'er, — thority to control affairs. —
Figura'tion, n. Act of
n. A player in cricket or base-ball who catches giving determinate form. (Mus.) Mixture of con-
balls struck by the batsman- Field'-book, n. — A cords and discords. —
Fig'urative, -tiv, a. Repre-
book for entries of measurements taken in the field, senting by a figure, or by resemblance; typical; rep-
in surve3'in<r. or civil engineering. coFors, n. pi. resentative; used in a tropic.il sense, as a metaphor;
(Mil.) Small flags with which the quartermaster- not literal; abounding in figures of speech; flowery;
feneral marks out ground for the squadrons and florid. —Fig'uratively, adv.
attalions. day. (Mil.) A day when troops are Filaceous, Filament, etc. See under File.
practiced in field exercises and evolutions. glass, Filbert, fiKbert, n. (Bot.) The nut or fruit of the
n. A small,powerful telescope or binocle. gun, cultivated hazel.
n. (Mil.) A small cannon, used on the battle-field; Filch, filch, v. t. [filched (filcht), filching.] To
field-piece. hand, n. An agricultural laborer.— steal or take privily,— said of petty thefts; to pilfer.
-mar'shal, n. (Mil.) The commander of an army; File, ill, n. Anorderly succession: a line, row; as,
a military officer of hi<rh rank in Germany; the (Mil.) a row of soldiers ranged behind one another;

tain-general. —
highest military officer in England except the cap-
notes, n. pi. (Sui-v.) Notes made
a collection of papers, arranged for preservation and
reference; wire or other contrivance by which papers

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FILE 144 FIRE
are kept in order; fine wire thread of gold or silver;
tinsel-covered silk.— v. t. [filed (fild), filing.]
fe-n&'la, n. (Mm.)
last note; close. [It.] —The end
Fin'-
of a piece of music,

To set in order, place on file, insert in its proper ial, -I-al, n. The knot, or
place among arranged papers; to bring before a bunch of foliage, termina-
court or legislative body by presenting papers in a ting pinnacles in Gothic
regular way. (Law.) To put upon the hies or among architecture the pinnacle
;

the records of a court. v. i. —

(Mil.) To march (sol- itself.— Finnish, v.
t. [-ished

diers) in a file or line, one after another. Fila'- — (-isht), -ishing.] To bring'
\

ceous, -shus, a. Composed or consisting of threads. to an end, put an end to,

— Fi'lose, -los, a. Ending in a thread-like process. terminate; to bestow the ut-
— Fii'ament, n. thread, or Athread-like appendage; most labor upon, complete,
esp. (Hot.), the thread-like part of the stamens sup- perfect. —
n. That which
porting the anther: see Anther.— Fil'igree, «. Net- finishes or perfects; esp. the
work containing beads; ornamental work, executed last hard, smooth coat of Finials.
in fine gold or silver wire. — a. Pert, to or made of, plaster on a wall. — Fi'nite,
etc. — Fillet, n. A little band or twist, esp. one to -nit, a. Limited in quantity, degree, or capacity;
encircle the head a piece of meat made up of mus-
; bounded. — Fi'nis, n. An end conclusion. ;

cles, esp. the fleshy part of the thigh; meat rolled Finance, etc. See under Fine, n.
into a string-like form. (Arch.) A square ornament, Finch, finch, n. One of a family of singing birds.
listel: the longitudinal ridge between the flutings of Find, find, v. t. [found (fownd), finding.] To meet
a Grecian column, except the Doric. (Her.) A kind with or light upon accidentally, fall in with; to learn
of ordinary crossing the shield horizontally. v. t. by experience or trial, perceive, experience, detect,
To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet. feel; to come upon by seeking, discover by study,
File, ill, n. A steel instrument, covered with sharp- gain, as the object of effort; to provide for, supply,
edged furrows, for abrading or smoothing hard sub- furnish; to arrive at, as a conclusion, establish. v. —
stances; a shrewd, artful person, cheat, pickpocket. i. (Law.) To determine as an issue of fact, and de-
— v. t. [filed (fild), filing.] To rub, smooth, or clare it to a court. n. —
Thing found; a discov-
cut away, with a file; to smooth, polish, improve. — ery, esp. of something archseologically valuable. —
Filling, n. Particle rubbed off by a file. Found'ling, fownd'-, n. child found without a A
Filial, fil'yal, a. Pert, to a son or daughter; becom- parent or protector.
ing a child in relation to parents; bearing the rela- Fine, fin, a. Finished; brought to perfection; supe-
tion of a child. —
Fil'iate, -Y-at, v. t. To adopt as rior; elegant; beautiful; showy; aiming at effect
son or daughter. —
Filia'tion, n. Relation of a child over-dressed or over-decked; nice; delicate; exquis-
to a father; the fixing of a bastard child on some one ite ;_ sly; fraudulent; not coarse, gross, or heavy.— v.
as its father; affiliation. [fined (find), fining.] To "make fine, purify.
Filibuster, fil''i-bus / ter, n. A
lawless military adven- Fin'ery,
ery, -er-i,'w.
-er-T, n. Ornament; decoration; a refin-
turer, esp. one in quest of plunder; a free-booter, ery, furnace for making iron malleable. Fine' —
pirate. —
v. i. To act as a filibuster; to obstruct leg- draw, v. t. [-drawn, -drawing.] To sew up a rent,
islation b}T persistent dilatory motions on the part of without doubling the edges, so as to conceal it. —
the minority. Fine'-drawn, p. a. Drawn out too subtly. Fin'- —
Filigree, Fillet, etc. See under File. ical, a. Affectedly fine; fastidious; foppish. Fin'- —
Fill, til, [filled (fild), filling.] To make full;
v. t. ically, adv. —
Finesse, fT-nes', n. Subtilty of con-
to supply abundantly, cause to abound; to satisfy, trivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem. v. i. —
content; to possess and perform the duties of, oc- [finessed (-nest'), -sing.] To employ, etc. in whist, ;

cupy, hold; to supply with an incumbent. v. i. To — to play a low card when holding higher, trusting
become full, have an abundant supply, be satiated; that the opponent cannot take it.
to fill a cup for drinking, give to drink. n. A full — Fine, fin, n. Money paid to settle a claim, or termi-
supply; as much as satisfies; a thill of a carriage. nate a matter in dispute; esp. a payment of money
Fillibeg, fil'lf-beg, n. A kilt or dress reaching nearly imposed as punishment for an offense; a mulct.
to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland. (Feudal Law.) A
final agreement concerning lands
Fillip, fil'lip, v.
t. [-liped (dipt), -liping.] To strike or rents between persons. (Eng. Law.) sum of A
with the finger nail, jerked from under the thumb. money paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or priv-
— n. A jerk of a finger. ilege.— v. t. [fined (find), fining.] To impose a
Filly, fil'lt, 7i. A
young horse; esp. young mare; fe- pecuniary penalty upon; to mulct. Finance, fT- —
male colt; a lively, roistering, or wanton girl. nans', n. The income of a ruler or state; revenue;
Film, film, n. A
thin skin; peilicle; membranous cov- sometimes, income f roii an <iividual;£>Z. available
ering, causing opacity; a slender thread, as one of resources. — i

Finan'c- .».,-> >»i. a. Pert, to finance or

\

those in a cobweb. v. t. —
To cover with, etc. public revenue. —
F :~>' ..'st, n. One skilled in ,

Filose. See under File. financial matters.— : .

• :.. _ly, adv.— Financier',
Filter, fil'ter, n. A
piece of woolen cloth, paper, etc., -ser', n. An ..osi ...misters the public rev-
officer \
or a receptacle filled with charcoal, etc., through enue; one skilled in financial operations, —v. i. To
which liquids are strained. —
v. t. [filtered (-terd), conduct financial operations.
-terixg.J To purify (a liquid) by passing it through Finery, Finesse, etc. See under Fine, a.
a filter; to filtrate. v. i. —
To pass through a filter. Finger, fin'ger, n. One of the 5 terminating members
Filth, filth, n. Foul matter; dirt; nastiness; anything of the hand; a digit; also, one of the 4 extremities
that defiles the moral character; pollution.— Filth'y, of the hand, excluding the thumb; the breadth of a
-t,a. [-ier,-iest.] Defiled withfilth; impure; vulgar. finger; skill in the use of the fingers, as in music. —
Fin, fin, n. (Ichth.) v. t. [fingered (-erd), -ering.] To touch with the
One of the projec- fingers, handle; to perform on, or with, the fingers;
ting, bony, mem- to touch lightly; to pilfer, purloin, v. i. (Mus.) —
branous organs To use the fingers in playing on an instrument.
with which a fish Finial, Finis, Finish, etc. See under Final.
or fish-like animal Finical, etc. See under Fine, a.
controls its posi- Fiord, f'T6rd (one syllable), n. bay or inlet. A
tion and o v e- m Fir, fer, n. A
tree allied to the pines.
ments. Fire, fir, n. Evolution of light and heat in the com-
Final, fi'nal, a. Fins. bustion of bodies ; combustion : state of ignition;
Pert, to the end fuel in combustion, as on a hearth or in a furnace;
1, ventral; 2, anal; 3, caudal; 4,
or conclusion ; the burning of a house, etc.; conflagration; ardor
last; terminating; pectoral; 5, first dorsal; 6, sec- of passion warmth of imagination enthusiasm
conclusive deci- ond dorsal.
;
;

discharge of fire-arms. —
v. i. [fired (fird), firing.]
;

sive; mortal; respecting the purpose or ultimate end To set on fire, kindle; to inflame, irritate; to ani-
in view. —
Finality, -T-tY, n. Final state; a final or mate, give life or spirit to; to cause to explode, dis-
conclusive arrangement, settlement.— Fi'nally, adv. charge. (Far.) To cauterize, v. i. To take fire, —
At the end; ultimately; lastly; completely. —Finale, be kindled, kindle; to be irritated or inflamed with

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, 5ve, tSrm ; Tn, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 8r
 FIRKIN 145 FLAME
passion; to discharge fire-arms. —
Ffery, -gr-i, a. ment. (Ifachj) Coincidence of parts in contact. —
Consisting of, like, or heated by, fire; ardent; impet- Fit'ly, adv. Properly. Fit'ness, n. —
uous; irritable; fierce. —
Fire'-alarm', n. An alarm Fit, fit, n. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder;
given of a conflagration; apparatus forgiving alarm, a convulsion; paroxysm; attack of disease; an at-
as by telegraphic signals.
acts by the force of gunpowder,
—
arm, n. weapon which
-clay, n. —
kind
A
A
tack of anything which masters one for a time; a
passing humor; impulsive action; a sudden emis-
of clay, chiefly pure silicate of alumina, capable of Fit'ful, -ful, a. Full of —
sustaining intense heat. fly, n. — winged, lumin-
ous insect; an Amer. beetle giving intermittent light
A
sion; a song, strain, canto.
fits; irregularly variable; unstable.
Fitch. Same as Vetch.
Fi't'fully, adv. —
from the abdomen; a W. Ind. beetle which emits a Five, fiv, n. A
number next greater than 4, and less
brilliant light from a spot on each side of the thorax, than 6 the sum of 4 and 1 a symbol representing
etc.
— —
v. t.
proof, a. Proof against Are; incombustible.
To render proof, etc— Fire'man, n. ; pi. than 4.
;

this number, as 5 or "V.— a. 4 and 1 added

—
Fifth, a. Next after the 4th; being one of
1 more
;

-men. One whose business is to extinguish fires in 5 equal parts. n. —

The quotient of 1 divided by 5;
towns; one who tends fires, as of a steam-engine. — one of 5 equal parts. —
Fifth'ly, adv. In the 5th
Fire'side, n. A
place near the fire or hearth; home; place. —Fifteen, -ten, a. 5 and 10: 1 more than 14.
domestic life. — n. The sum of 5 and 10; a symbol representing
Firkin, fer'kin, n. A
measure of capacity, equal to this number, as 15, or XV. Fifteenth, a. Next —
9 ale gallons, or 1\ imperial gallons; a cask of in- after the 14th ; being one of fifteen equal parts. —
determinate size, —
used chiefly for butter and lard. n. One of 15 equal parts. Fifty, -tT, a. 5 times 10. —
Firm, term, a. Fixed closely compressed not — n. 5 tens; sum of 49 and 1 symbol representing, ;

—
; ;

easily disturbed; unchanging in purpose; not giv- etc., as 50, or L. Fiftieth, a. Next after the 49th;
ing way; solid ; stable stanch sturdy resolute; ; ; being one of 50 equal parts. n. Quotient of 1 di- —
—
;

constant. n. The name, title, or style under which vided by 50; one of 50 equal parts.
a company transact business; a partnership or house. Fix, fiks, v. t. [fixed (fikst), fixing.] To make firm,
— Firm'ly, adv. —
Firm' ness, n. State or quality of stable, or fast; to establish; to hold steadily; as the
being, etc. See Phrenology.— Fir'mament, n. The eye on an object, attention on a speaker, etc. to ;

region of the air; sky or heavens. implant, pierce; to adjust, set to rights; place in the
Firman, fgr'man or ier-man', n. ; pi. -mans. A de- manner desired or most suitable, settle, determine,
cree of the Turkish or other Oriental government. put in order. v. i. —
To settle or remain permanent-
First, ferst, a. Preceding all others of a series or kind; ly, rest to become firm, cease to flow or to be fluid,
;

placed in front of all others; foremost; most eminent, become hard and malleable.—n. difficult position; A
exalted, or excellent; primary; primordial; original; predicament; dilemma. Fix'ture, -chur, n. That —
highest ;chief; principal.— adv. Before anything which is attached to something as a permanent ap-
else in time, space, rank, etc.,— used in composi- pendage ; fixedness. (Law.) Anything accessory
tion.— n. (Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a
etc.— Firstly, adv. In the first place; to commence. part of them. #
Firth. Same as Frith. Fizz, fiz, Fiz'zle, -zl, v. i. To make a hissing sound;
Fisc, flsk, n. The treasury of a prince or state.— Fisc r- to fail of success in an undertaking, bungle, —n. A
al, a. Pert, to the public revenue. failure, or abortive attempt.
Fish, fish, n. ; pi. Fishes, -ez, for which the sing, is Flabby, flab'bi, a. Yielding to the touch, and easily
often used collectively. An animal that lives in moved or shaken; wanting firmness; flaccid.
water. (Zobl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal, Flaccid, flak'sid, a. Yielding to pressure for want of
breathing by gills or branchiae, and living almost firmness; soft and weak; limber; lax; flabby.
entirely in the water. The flesh of fish, used as Flag, flag, v. i. [flagged (flagd), -ging.] To hang
food. — v. i. [fished (fisht), fishing.] To attempt loose without stiffness to beloose and yielding; to ;

tp catch fish; to seek to obtain by artifice, —v. t. To grow spiritless or dejected, lose vigor, droop, lan-
catch, draw out or up ; to search by raking or guish, pine. v. t. —
To let fall into feebleness.
sweeping. (Naut.) To strengthen, as a mast or Flag, flag, F.-stone, n. A
flat stone used for paving. —
yard, with a piece of timber. {Railroad Engirt.') To v. t. To lay with flat stones. Flake, n. film; — A
splice, as rails, with a fish-joint. Fish/y, -I, a. — flock lamina; layer scale
; a platform of hurdles,
; ;

Consisting of, like, or full of, etc.; dubious; extrava- for drying codfish, etc. (Naut.) stage hung over A
fant, like fishermen's stories. —
Fisb/-ball, n. A a ship's side, for workmen to stand on in calking,
ried cake, made from chopped fish, mashed pota- — To form
toes, etc. —glue, n. Isinglass.
for catching fish. „
hook, n. — hook A
etc.
into flakes,
Flag, flag, n.
v.
v. i.
t. [flaked
—
To separate in layers, scale off.
A
cloth to wave in the wind, usually
(flakt), flaking.]

— -joint, n. (Rail-
J| bearing a device and attached at one end to a staff;
roads.) Asplice JjMff military or naval ensign or colors; banner; standard.
consisting offish- ^WT la^
gWifbl ffo] tfol So]
feJ ft^ Ig 1
(Bot.) An aquatic plant, with ensiform leaves,
plates bolted to ^ which flutter in the wind. v. t. To signal to with —
the sides of adja- a flag.
c e n t rails. — Fish-joint.
Flagellate, flaj'el-lat, v. t, To whip; scourge. Flag- —
A
cing rails.
(Pathol.)
—A
-plate, n. One of the wrought-iron plates for spli-
mon'ger,
n. A
seller of fish.
disease in which the skin becomes
skin, n. — ella'tion, n.
—
flogging; discipline of the scourge.
Flail, flal, n. An instrument for threshing or beat-
ing grain from the ear.
thickened, hard, and scaly. (Mus.) A wind-instrument,
Flageolet, flaj'o-let', n.
Fissile, fis'sil, a. Capable of being split, cleft, or having a mouth-piece, and 6 principal holes.
divided in the direction of the grain, or of natural fla-jish'us, n. Disgracefully or shame-
Flagf tious,
joints. —Fis'sure, fish' er, n. A cleft; longitudinal fully criminal guilty of enormous or scandalous ;

opening. crimes or vices; atrocious; flagrant; abandoned.

Fist, fist, n. The hand with the fingers doubled into Fla'grant, a. Flaming; burning; in preparation or
the palm. —
v. t. To strike with the fist. performance raging flaming into notice notori- ; ; ;

Fistula, fist'u-la, n. ; pi. -L.«,-le. A reed; pipe. (Swg.) ous; flagitious; glaring; enormous.
A deep, narrow, chronic abscess. An abnormal open- Flagon, flag'un, n. A vessel with a narrow mouth,
ing from one internal organ to another, caused by for holding liquors.
ulceration or accident. Flail. See under Flagellate.
Fit, fit, a. Adapted to an end, object, or design; Flake, etc. See under Flag, a stone.
suitable by nature, art, or culture suitable to a Flambeau, flam'bo, n. ; pi. -beaux, -bo, or -beaus,
;

standard of dutv, propriety, or taste; proper be- -boz. A flaming torch, used in illuminations, etc.
coming; expedient; apt; adequate, v. t. To make — ;

Flame, flam, n. A stream of burning vapor or gas; a

fit or suitable, adapt to the purpose intended, quali- blaze; burning zeal; passionate excitement or strife;
fy; to bring into a required form; to furnish duly; warmth of affection a sweetheart. v. i. [flamed ;
—
to be suitable to, answer the requirements of. —v. (flamd), flaming.] To burn with rising, stream-
i. To be proper or becoming, of the right size, or ad- ing, or darting fire; to blaze to break out in vio- ;

justed to the desired shape; to suit. n. Adjust- —

lence of passion. Flamingo, -min'go, n. A bird of —
sun, cube, full ; moon, i'dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
10
 FLANK 146 FLESH
a blight red color, having long or with false hopes. Flafterer, n. —
Flat'tery, -T, —
legs and neck, and a beak bent n. Act of, etc.; adulation; compliment; obsequious-
down as if broken. ness.
Flank, flank, re. The fleshy part of Flatulent, flafu-lent, a. Affected with gases in the
an animal's side between the ribs alimentary canal; windy; generating wind in the
and hip; see Beef, House. {Mil.) stomach; turgid with air. —
Flafulence, -lency, -si,
The side of an army: the extreme n. State or condition of being, etc.
right or left. {Fort.) That part Flaunt, fliint, v. i. To throw or spread out, move os-
of a bastion which reaches from tentatiously. v. t. —
To display ostentatiously.
the curtain to the face, and de- Flavor, fla'ver, n. Odor; fragrance; that quality of
fends the opposite face: see Bas- anything which affects the taste; relish; savor; that
tion. {Arch.) The side of a build- which imparts a peculiar odor or taste. v. t. [fla- —
ing. —
v. t. [flanked (flankt), vored (-verd), -yoking.] To give flavor to.
flanking.] lo stand at the flank Flaw, flaw, n. A
bursting or cracking; a breach; gap;
or side of, border upon; to oyer- aminiro n .
fissure. {Naut.) sudden gust. A tumult, quar- A
look the flank of, pass around or rel; any defect made by violence or neglect; blem-
turn the flank of. r. i. To border, touch; to be — ish; imperfection; speck. —
v.t. [flawed (flawd),
posted on the side. Flange, flanj, n. projecting — A flawing.] To break, violate.
edge or rim, as of a carwheel, to keep it on the rail, Flax, flaks, n. {Pot.) A
plant having a single, slen-
or of a casting, by which it may be fastened to some- der stalk, with blue flowers: the fiber
thing else. — (flanjd),
r. t. [flanged flanging.] of the bark is used for making thread
{Mach.) To make a flange on. v.i. — To be bent and cloth, called linen, cambric, laion,
into a flange, take the form of a flange. lace, etc.; linseed oil is expressed from
Flannel, flan/nel, n. A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, the seed. The fibrous part of the flax
of loose texture. plant, when broken and cleaned by
Flap, flap, n. Anything broad and limber that hangs hatcheling or combing. Flax'en, a. —
loose, or attached by one side or end and easily Made of, or like, flax. Flax'y, -1, a. —
moved the motion 'of such an object, or a stroke
; Like flax; of light color; fair. Flax'- —
with it, or the noise made by a stroke. {Sur-g.) A comb, re. A toothed instrument through
piece of skin and flesh left attached to the stump in which flax drawn in preparing it for
is
amputation, made to cover the end of the bone. pi. spinning; a hatchel— -dress'er, n. One
{Far.) A
disease in horses' lips. v. t. [flapped — who breaks and swingles flax, or pre-
(flapt), -ping.] To beat with a flap, strike; to move, pares it for the spinner. — Flax'seed,
as something flap-like. v. i. To move (wings, etc.) — n. Seed of the flax plant; linseed.
to fall and hang like a flap. Flay, fla, v. t. [flayed (flad), flaying.]
Flare, flar, v. i. [flared (flard), flaring.] To burn To skin, strip off the skin of.
with a glaring and waving flame to shine out with ; Flea, fle, n. A
small insect remarkable
a sudden, unsteady light; to be exposed to too much for its agility and troublesome bite.
light; to open or spread outward.—?!. An unsteady, Fleck, flek, re. A
spot, streak, speckle, Flax.
broad, offensive light; leaf of lard. dapple.— v. t. [flecked (flekt), fleck-
Flash, flash, n. A
sudden burst of light momentary ; ing.] To spot, streak or stripe, variegate, dapple. —
blaze, brightness, or show an instant very brie'f Flick, v. t. and i. [flicked (flikt), flicking.] To
—
; ;

period the slang language of thieves, tramps, etc. strike with a quick, light blow. n. slight blow, A
— a. Low and
;

vulgar; slang. v. i, [flashed — jerk.

(flasht), flashing.] To break forth, as a sudden Fledge, flej, v. t. [fledged (flejd), fledging.] To
flood of light, show momentary brilliancy to burst ; supply with the feathers necessary -for flight, fur-
forth with a flood of flame and light to make a ; nish with any soft covering.
quick and unexpected transit. v. t. To send out — Flee, fle, v. i. or t. [fled, fleeing.] To run away,
in flashes, convey by a flame, or by a quick and start- as f rom_danger or evil, escape.
ling motion. —Flash 'y, -Y, a. Dazzling for a mo- Fleece, fles, n. The coat of wool covering a sheep, or
ment: showy; gaudy; insipid; vapid. shorn from a sheep at one time; any soft woolly cov-
Flask, flask, n. A narrow-necked vessel for holding ering —
v. t. [fleeced (flest), fleecing.] To de-
fluids a powder-horn.
; {Founding.) A box con- prive of a fleece; to strip of money or property, rob;
taining the sand forming the mold. to spread over as with wool.
Flat, flat, a. Having an even and horizontal surface; Fleer, fler, r. i. [fleered (flerd), fleering.] To
lying at full length; level with the earth; prostrate; make a wry face in contempt to deride, sneer,
fallen laid low ruined wanting relief or variety
; ; ; mock, gibe. — v. t. To mock,
;

flout at. —n. Deris-

monotonous lacking liveliness, — said of commer-
;

; ion; mockery.
cial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; not re- Fleet, flet, n. A
navy or squadron of ships; esp. a
lieved, broken, or softened; clear absolute down- number of ships of war. —
o. Swift in motion nim-
Below the true pitch, — hence, as
; ; ;

right. {Mus.) ble.— v.i. To fly swiftly, hasten. {Naut.) To slip

applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half-step (a rope or chain) down the barrel of a capstan or
not sharp or shrill; not acute. {Proa.) "Uttered with
;

windlass. —
v.t. To pass over rapidly; to cause to
voice instead of breath; spoken, in distinction from pass lightly, or in mirth and joy. {Naxit.) To draw
whispered vocal sonant, said of certain conso- — apart the blocks of; to cause to slip down the barrel
nants, as b, d, z, etc.
;

adv. Directlj'
;

plainly. — ; of a capstan or windlass.— Fleefness, n. Swiftness;

{Stock Exch.) Without allowance for accrued in- celerity; speed. —
Fleeting, p. a. Not durable; tran-
terest. re, — A
level surface without elevation or sient; "transitory. —
Fleet'-foot, a. Swift of foot;
prominences; a low, level tract of ground a shoal ; running, or able to run, rapidly. Flotilla, -la, n. —
shallow strand a floor or story in a building a
; ; ; A little fleet, or fleet of small vessels.
platform car on railroads the flat part, or side, of : Flesh, flesh, n. The muscles, fat, etc., covering the
anything; a dull fellow; simpleton. {Mus.) A char- framework of bones in animals; animal food; meat,
acter [b] before a note, indicating a tone a half-step esp. of beasts and birds used as food, disting. fr.
or semitone lower. v. t. To make flat, flatten, — fish; the human system; the body; the human race;
level; to render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress mankind; human nature tenderness of feeling; ;

in tone, as a musical note, esp., to lower in pitch by tendency to physical pleasure: carnality. {Theol.)
half a tone. v. i. —
To become flat, or flattened. The soul uninfluenced by spiritual influences. Kin-
{Mus.) To fall from the pitch. Flat'ten, -tn, v. t. — dred; stock; race: the pulpy substance of fruit; part
[-tened (-tnd), -tening.] To level, make flat; to of a root, fruit, etc., fit to be eaten, —r. t. [fleshed
throw down ; to prostrate, depress, deject ; to make (flesht), fleshing.] To feed (hawks, dogs, etc.)
vapid or insipid. {Mus.) To lower the pitch of. with flesh, as an incitement to exertion; to use (a
v. i. To become flat. sword, etc.) upon flesh, esp. for the fir6t time; to
Flatter, flat'ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To glut, accustom.— Flesb/y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Plump;
gratify, coax, wheedle: to gratify the self-love, van- corpulent; gross. {Hot.) Composed of Arm pulp;
— —
ity, and pride of; to please by artful commendation,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ;

succulent.

end, eve, term

Fleshiness, re.

; Tn, ice
Fleshly, -IT, a. Pert.

; 5dd, tone, 6r
"
 FLEUR-DE-LIS 147 FLOW
to the flesh; corporeal; animal, not vegetable; hu- alescing and adhering in flocks, like wool. (Ontiih.)
man, not celestial, not spiritual; carnal; lascivious. Pert, to the down of unfledged birds.
|

Fleur-de-lis, fier'de-le', n. The flower-de-luce iris, ; i Floe, flo, n. An extensive surface of ice in the ocean.
(Her.) The royal insignia of France. Flog, flog, h. t. [flogged (flogd),' flogging.] To
Flew. See Fly. beat or strike with a rod; to whip, lash.
Flex, fleks, v. t. [flexed (flekst), flexing.] To bend. Flood, flud, n. A body of moving water, esp. overflow-
— Flex'ible, a. Capable of being bent; pliable: yield- ing land not usually covered; a deluge; freshet: in-
ing to pressure: capable of yielding to others' influ- undation; the flowing in of the tide, opp. to ebb; —
ence: too easy and compliant capable of being ; a great quantity; abundance: superabundance; the
adapted: supple: ductile; obsequious; wavering. deluge in the days of Noah; a great body or stream
Flex'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n. Condition or quality of of any fluid substance; menstrual discharge. v. t. —
being, etc. To overflow, inundate, deluge.
Flick. See under Fleck. Floor, flor, it. The solid surface of wood, etc., forming
Flicker, flik'er, v. i. [-eeed (-5rd), -ering.] To flut- the bottom of a room, bridge, etc. ; the body of a
ter, flap without flying, waver or fluctuate, like a public hall, disting. fr. platform, gallery, etc. a ;

flame in a current of air to blaze fitfully, as a suite of rooms on a level in a house a story any
—
; ; ;

dying fire or lamp. n. Fluctuation; sudden and platform or flooring. (Legis. Assemblies.) The part
brief increase of brightness. (Ornith.) The golden- of the house assigned to the members the right to ;

headed woodpecker, Yellow-hammer. speak. (Navt.) That part of the bottom of a vessel
Flier, Flight, Flighty. 'See under Fly. most nearly horizontal. r. t. —
[floored (fiord),
Flimsy, liim'zl, a. [-sier, -siest.] Weak; feeble; flooring.] To cover with a floor; to strike down on-
slight; vain; of loose and unsubstantial structure; lay level with the floor to silence by some decisive
;

without reason or plausibility; shallow. argument.

Flinch, flinch, v. i. [flinched (flincht), flinching.] Flop, flop, v. r. [flopped (flopt), -ping.] To clap or
To show signs of yielding or of suffering; to wince. strike, as a bird its wings, etc.; to spring up and fall
Flinders, fhn'derz, n. pi. Small pieces or splinters. heavily to the ground again, as a dying fish or fowl;
Fling, fling,, v. t. [flung, flinging.] To cast, send, to let down the brim of (a hat, etc.)' v. i. To strike —
or throw from the hand; to hurl, dart; to shed forth, about with something broad and flat; to rise and
emit; to prostrate, baffle, defeat. v. i. To throw, — fall.—?;. The sound made by a flat object falling
wince, flounce; to cast in the teeth, utter harsh lan- upon a floor, etc.
guage; to throw one's self in a violent or hasty man- Flora, flo'ra, n. (Myth.) The goddess of flowers.
ner, rush. n. — A
cast from the hand; a throw; a (Boi.) The complete system of vegetable species
contemptuous remark; sneer; a kind of dance. native in a given locality, or period; a description
Flint, flint, n. (3Iin.) A
very hard variety of quartz, of such plants. —
Flo'ral, a. Pert, to Flora, or to
which strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in flowers. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, the
glass. A piece of flinty stone formerly used in fire- flower. —
Flo'rist, n. A
cultivator of, or writer on,
arms to strike fire.— Flint'y, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Of, plants. —
Flores'cence, -sens, n. (Bot.) bursting A
abounding in, or like, etc. —
Flint'iness, n. into flower; a blossoming.— Flo'ret, 11.
Flip, flip, n. A
mixture of beer and spirit sweetened (Bot.) Alittle flower; the partial or I

and heated by a hot iron. separate little flower of an aggregate

Flippant, flip'pant, a. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid flower. —
Flo'ricul'ture, -kuPchur, ;

speech; voluble; talkative speaking confidently,

; Cultivation of flowering plants.-
without knowledge or consideration: pert: petulant. Flor'id, flQr-, a. Covered with, or
— Flip'pantness, -pancy, -si, n. Flip'per, n. The — abounding in, flowers: bright in color;
paddle or limb of a sea-turtle, seal, etc.; broad fin of a lively red color: embellished with
of a fish. flowers of rhetoric; excessively ornate.
Flirt, flert, v. t. To throw with a jerk or quick effort, — Flor'in, n. Orig. a Florentine coin,
fling suddenly: to move playfully to and fro; to jeer with a lily on it; a coin of gold or sil-
at, treat with "contempt, v. i. —
To act giddily, or to ver, of different values in different Florets.
attract notice; esp. to play the coquette; to jeer or countries.
gibe. — n. A
sudden jerk, darting motion, jeer; one Floss, flos, n. A
downy or silken substance in the
who flirts; acoquette: a pert girl.— Flirta'tion, n. A husks of maize, etc.; a fluid glass floating on iron
flirting; a quick, sprightly motion; playing at court- in puddling-furnaces; untwisted filaments of silk.—
ship: coquetry. Floss'-thread, n. Soft flaxen thread, for embroidery.
Flit, flit, v. i. To fly with rapid motion, dart along, Flotation, Flotsam, etc. See under Float.
fleet; to flutter, rove on the wing; to pass rapidly Flotilla. See under Fleet.
from one place to another; to be unstable, be easily Flounce, downs, v. i. [flounced (flownst), floun-
or often moved. —
Flifter, n. rag, tatter, frag- A cing.] To spring, turn, or twist with sudden ef-
ment. —
Flifter-mouse, n. bat. A fort; to flounder, —
n. Act of, etc.; a sudden jerk-
Flitch, flich, n. The side of a hog salted and cured. ins motion of the body. —
Floun'der, r. i. [-deked
Float, flot, n. Anything which rests on the surface of (-derd), -dering.] To plunge and struggle, as a
a fluid, esp. to sustain, move, or mark the position horse in mire to fling the limbs and body, as in
;

of some other thing; a raft; the cork on an angling making efforts to move; to roll, toss, and tumble.
line, to indicate the bite of a fish; float-board of a Flounce, downs, n. A loose ruffle or flap, around the
wheel; a quantity of earth, 18 feet square and 1 foot skirt of a lady's dress, v. t. —
To deck with, etc.
deep ; a wooden instrument with which masons Flounder, flowii'der, n. A
small, edible, tide-water
smooth plastering on walls a single-cut file for flat-fish: when young
—
;

smoothing. v. i. To rest on the surface of a fluid; it swims vertically,

to be buoyed up to move quietly or gently on the
; and has symmetrical
water or through the air. —
v. t. "To cause to rest eyes, but soon turns ,

or move on the surface of a fluid to flood, inun- ; on its side, and the
date, overflow. (Plastering.) To pass over and level under eye passes
the surface of with a float dipped frequently in through head.
its
water. —
Flota'tion, n. Act of, floating; science of Flour. Flourish, etc. See
floating bodies. —
Flo'tant, a. (Her.) Streaming in under Flower.
the air. —
Flot'sam, -son, n. (Law.) Goods lost by Flout, ttowt, v. t. To Flounder.
shipwreck and floating on the sea. mock or in s u 1 1 ; to
Flock, flok, n. A
company or collection of living treat with contempt. — •

To sneer. — n. A mock,
things, esp. of sheep or birds; a Christian consrrega- insult.
tion.— v. i. [flocked (flokt), flocking.]" To Flow, flo. v. i. Tflow (flod), flowing.] To
gather in crowds. change place or circulate, as a liquid; to become
Flock, flok, n. A lock of wool or hair; finely pow- liquid, melt; to glide smoothly or without friction,
dered wool or cloth, used when colored for making proceed, issue forth; to have or be in abundance,
flock-paper, pi. The refuse of cotton and wool, or abound, be copious; to hang loose and waving; to
the shearing of woolen-goods. Floc'culent, a. Co- — rise, as the tide, —
opp. to ebb; to discharge blood

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 FLOWER 148 FLY
in excess from the uterus. v. t. —To cover with ing a continuous surface. Consisting of cards of
I

water, overflow, inundate, flood; to cover with var- the same suit.
nish. —re. A stream of water or other fluid; a cur- Flush, flush, v. i. To become suffused, as the cheeks;
rent auy gentle, gradual movement of thought,
; to turn red, blush: to shine suddenly, glow. v. t. —
diction, music, etc.; abundance copiousness; the
; To redden suddenly, put to the blush ; to make
tidal setting in of water from ocean to shore. glowing, redden; to animate with joy, elate, elevate.
Flower, flow'er, n. A circle of leaves ou a plant; a n. — A
rush of blood to the face; blush; glow.
bloom or blossom. (Bot.) That part of a plant Fluster, flus'ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teeixg.] To
destined to produce seed, and including one or both make hot and rosy, as with drinking to confuse,
of the sexual organs. The fairest, freshest, and muddle. n. Heat; agitation; disorder. — :

choicest part of anything; a figure of speech; orna- Flute, flut, ?i. (Jlus.) pipe used as a wind instru- A
ment of style. —
v. i. [flowered (-erd), -erixg.] ment, having on the side a mouth orifice and holes
To blossom, bloom, produce flowers to come into ; stopped by the fingers or by keys. (Arch.) chan- A
the finest condition. —
v. t. To embellish with nel in a column or pillar fluting; reed. A channel
flowers. —
Flow'eret, n. A
floret small flower. — j

or groove in wood or other work, or in plaited mus-

;

Flow'ery, -er-I, a. Full of, etc.; highly embellished

;

lin, as a ladj''s rurfle. v. t. To play or sing in a —

with figurative language; florid. —
Flour, flowr, n. clear, soft note, like that of a flute; to"form flutes or
The finely ground meal of wheat or other grain channels in. ; Flufed, p. a. Thin; fine; flute-like;— —
fine, soft powder of any substance.— v. t. [floured formed with flutes. Flutter, Flau'tist. flaw'-,
(flowrd), flourixg.] lo grind and bolt; to sprinkle Flutist, n. One who plays on the flute. Fluting, —
with flour. —
Flour'y, -i, a. Of or like, etc. Flour- —
n. A furrow in a column or in a lady's ruffle: fluted
ish, flerlsh, v. i. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] To grow work. Fluti'na, -te'na, n.
]

—
musical instrument A
luxuriantly, thrive; to be prosperous, be increased resembling the concertina.
with good qualities; to use florid language, be copi- Flutter, flutler, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To
ous and flowery; to make bold and sweeping, fanci- flap the wings rapidlv, without flying, or with short
ful, or wanton movements; to make ornamental flights to move with quick vibrations or undula-
strokes with the pen: to execute a fanciful strain of tions ; to move irregularly, fluctuate.
I
;

r- t. To vi- —
music, by way of ornament or prelude; to boast, brate or move quickly to agitate, disorder, throw
— —
:
|

vaunt, brag. v. t. To cause to thrive, develop, ex- into confusion. n. Act of fluttering; quick and
I

pand; to ornament with anything showy, embellish; irregular motion; hurry; confusion.
|

to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to move in bold Fluvial, flu'vT-al, -viatic, a. Pert, to rivers; growing
or irregular figures; to brandish. —
n. Decoration; or living in streams or ponds.I

showy splendor; ostentatious embellishment; show; Flux, fluks, n. Act of flowing ; quick succession ;
I

a fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a fantastic or change matter which flows, as tide setting in tow-;

decorative musical passage; the waving of a weapon, ard the shore state of being liquid.
,
(Chem. &;

etc.; brandishing. Metal.) Any substance used to promote fusion of

Flown. See Fly. _ metals or minerals. (Med.) Discharge of a fluid
i

Fluctuate, flukfu-at, v. i. To move as a wave, roll from the bowels or other part ; esp., an excessive
hither and thither; to move now in one direction
\

and morbid discharge matter thus discharged. —

and now in another, be irresolute or undetermined,
;

v.t. [fluxed (flukst), fluxixg.] To fuse.

I
Flux'-
;

—
waver, vacillate, scruple. ion, fluk'shun, n. Act of flowing; matter that flows;
i

Flue, flu, n. Light down, such as rises from beds, a constantly varying indication.
—
|

[imp. flew (flu) p. p. flowx (flon) ;

"
cotton, etc.; soft down, fur, or hair; fluff. Fluff, n. Fly, fli, v. i. ;

Nap: down. flyixg.] To move in the air with wings; to float or

Flue, flu, n. An air-passage, esp. for conveying smoke move in the air, as clouds, etc.; to move rapidly, like
and flame from a fire. (Steam Boilers.) passage Aa bird ; to attempt to escape, flee ; to part, burst in
surrounded by water, for the gaseous products of pieces. v. t. —
To shun, avoid; to cause to fly, set
combustion, —
disting. fr. tubes, which hold water, floating, as a kite. n. (Entom.) winged insect — A
and are surrounded by fire: small flues are called of various species, whose wings are transparent; esp.
fliie-tubes. the house fly. fish-hook dressed in imitation of a A
Fluent, flu'ent, a. Flowing or capable of flowing, fly; a kind of light carriage; that part of a flag from
liquid; gliding; current; ready in the use of words; the union to the extreme end. (Xaut.) That part
voluble; copious; smooth. —
n. (Math.) A variable of a compass on which the points are marked.
quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing, (Mech.) A
contrivance to equalize motion or ac-
— called, in modern calculus, the function or in- cumulate power in a machine. (Print.) One who
tegral. —Flu'ency, -si, n. Quality of being, etc.— takes sheets from the press that part of a power-
Fluid, a. Capable of flowing: liquid or gaseous. —
printing press which receives the printed sheet and
;

n. A body whose particles move easily among them- lays it aside.— Fli'ers, n. pi. Arms revolving around
selves.— Flume, flum, n. A stream; esp. a channel for a bobbin on a spinning machine, which twist the
water driving a mill-wheel, or used in gold-washing. sliver, etc., into roving, yarn, thread, etc., and wind
Flugelman, flu'gl-nian, n. (Jlil.) The leader of a file; it on the bobbin.— Fly'er, n. (Arch.) step in a flight A
a fugleman. of stairs which are parallel to each other. Fly r - —
Fluke, fluk, n. (Raid.) The part of an anchor which blow, w. The egg of a fly. v. t. To deposit an egg —
fastens in the ground see Anchor. One of the
:

points of a whale's tail; in Eng., a shot accidentally

in, or upon, as a fly. wheel, n.
chinery that equalizes its movements, or accumu-
wheel in ma- — A
made at billiards, called in U. S. a scratch ; any un- lates power for a variable or intermitting resistance.
expected advantage. See Steam Exgixe.— Flying-artillery, n. (Mil.)
Flummery, flumlner-i, n. A light kind of food, for- Artillery trained to rapid evolutions. fish,
merly made of flour or meal; empty compliment. (Ichth.)
j

fish which A
sustain itself in the air
Flung. See Fling. for a short time, by its
Flunk, flunk, v. i. [flunked (flunkt), fluxkixg.] long pectoral fins.
To fail, back out, through fear. n. —
failure. A -jib, n. (Xaut.) — A
Flunky, flunk'!, n.- A
livery servant; one who is ob- sail outside of the
sequious or cringing; one easily deceived in buying standing-jib, on the
stocks. flying-jib-boom. See
Flurry, flurlY, n. A
sudden blast or gust violent Sails.
; -jib-boom, n. —
agitation; commotion; bustle; confusion. v. t.\ (Xaut.) spar ex- A
[flurried (-rid), -eying.] To agitate, alarm. tending beyond the
Hush, flush, v. i. [flushed (flusht), flushing.] To jib-boom. See Ship.
flow and spread suddenly, v. t.— To cause (game, -squir'rel, n. (Zo'61.) —
etc.) to start to cleanse by inundating with a sud-
; squirrel having an A
den rush of water. n. A
sudden flowing; rush; a expansive skin on
flock of birds suddenly started up; a run of cards of each side, reaching
the same suit. a. — Full of vigor well furnished
; from the fore to the
;

affluent; liberal; prodigal. (Arch, and Mech.) Form- hind legs, by which it

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone,
 FOAL 149 FOOT
isborne up in leaping. Flight, — fl Act of flee- ture. (Arch.) The representation of leaves, flow-
ing or flying hasty de- ; ers, and branches. —
Folio r folT-o or foKyo, n. A
parture, mode of flying ; sheet of paper once folded; a book made of sheets,
lofty elevation and ex- each folded once; a page in a book; two opposite
cursion; soaring; a num- pages bearing the same serial number. (Law.) A
ber of things passing- leaf containing a certain number of words: a certain
through the air together, number of words in a writing. a. Formed of sheets —
esp. a flock of birds ; a folded so as to make 2 leaves; of or equal to, the size
,

reach of stairs from one of 1 fold of a sheet of printing paper, when doubled
landing to another. — so asto make 2 leaves.
Flighty, -*, a. Fleet- Folk, fok, n. People in general, or a separate class of
ins; swift; transient; in- TTl
"- 1 • people.
Flying-squirrel,
dulging in flights of im- Follicle, folli-kl, n. (Bot.) A
simple pod opening
agination, humor, caprice, etc.; volatile giddy.— ;
down the inner suture a ves- ;

Flight 'mess, n. sel distended with air. (Anat.)

Foal, 151, n. A colt or filly. — v. t. & i. [foaled (told), A little bag in animal bodies; a
foaling.] To bring forth, as a colt or filly. gland.
Foam, fom, n. An aggregation of bubbles on the sur- Follow, folio, v. t. [-lowed
face of liquids alter violent agitation; froth; spume. (-lod), -lowing.] To go or come
— v. i. [foamed (fomd), foaming.] To froth, gather after; to go in pursuit of, strive
foam: to form or become filled with foam.— v. t. To to obtain to go with, as a leader,
; „
throw out with violence; to cause to foam. accept as authority, take as a follicle. (Bot.)
Fob, fob, n. A watch pocket. rule of action; to copy after, take as an example; to
Fob, fob, v. t. [fobbed (fobd), -bing.] To cheat, trick. succeed in order of time, rank, or office; to result
Focus, fo'kus, n. ; E. pi. -cuses, -kus-ez L.pl. -ci, ; from, as effect from cause, or inference from prem-
-si. (Opt.) A
point in which the rays of light meet, ise; to watch, as a receding object; to keep the mind
after being reflected or refracted. (Geom.) point A upon while in progress; to understand the meaning,
on the principal axis of a conic section, such that connection, or force of; to attend upon closely, as a
the double ordinate to the axis through the point profession or calling. v. i. —
To go or come after,
shall be equal to the parameter of the curve. A pursue, attend, accompany, be a result, succeed. —
central point point of concentration.
; v. t. To — Follower, n. One who follows; imitator; disciple;
bring to a focus. —
Fo'cal, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. adherent; attendant. (Steam Eng.) The cover of a
Fodder, fodHer, n. Food for cattle, horses, and piston; a gland. (Mach.) Part of a machine that re-
sheep, as hay, straw, and various vegetables. v. t. — ceives motion from another part. Following, a. —
[foddehed (-derd), -deeing.] To feed (cattle) with Being next after; succeeding; ensuing.
dry food, cut grass, etc. Folly. See under Fool.
Fo8,"l'o, n. An enemy; hostile army; opponent. Foment, fo-menf, v. t. To apply warm lotions to; to
Foetus. Same as Fetus. instigate, cherish. and promote by excitements; to en-
Fog, fog, n. Vapor rising from water or wet land and courage.— Fomentalion, «. (Med.) Act ol foment-
obscuring the lower part of the atmosphere; mist; a ing, or of applying lotions or poultices the lotion ;

cloud of dust or of smoke. v. t. —

[fogged (fogd), applied to a diseased part; encouragement.
-ging.] To envelop, as with fog; befog. Fog'gy, — Fond, fond, a. Orig. foolish, simple; foolishly tender
-gt, a. [-gier, -giest.] Filled or abounding with, and loving; doting; loving; tender: -much pleased.
etc.; cloudy; misty; dull; obscure. — Fondly, adv. — Fond'ness, n. — Fondle, fondl,
Fog, fog, n. (Agric.) A
second growth of grass; after- v. t. [-led (-Id), -ling.] To treat with tenderness,
grass long grass that remains iu pastures till win- caress.
—A
;

ter: dead grass in meadows, etc. Font, n. Assorted type: see under Found. bap-
Fogy, -gie, -gey, fo'gi, n. A dull old fellow; a per- tismal vessel: see under Fount.
son behind the times; a conservative. Fontanel, fon'ta-nel', Fonticluus, n. (Med.) An arti-
Foible, foi'bl, n. A particular moral weakness a ficial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the
failing; weak point; infirmity; frailty; defect.
;

body. —
Fon'tanel, n. (Anat.) space between the A
Foil, foil, v. t. [foiled (foild), foiling.] To render bones of an infant's skull occupied by cartilaginous
vain or nugatory, frustrate, baffle, balk. — n. Fail- membrane.
ure of success when on the point of beina; secured ;
Food, food, n. What is fed upon; victuals; provisions;
defeat; miscarriage; a blunt sword, or one having a anything that sustains, nourishes, and augments ;

button at the end, used in fencing.— aliment; sustenance; fare.

Foil, foil, n. A very thin sheet or plate of metal; a thin Fool, fool, n. One destitute of reason; an idiot; one
leaf of metal, placed under precious stones, to in- deficient in intellect; a simpleton, dunce. (Script.)
crease their brilliancy or give them color; anything of A wicked person. A
professional jester or buffoon.
contrasting color or qualities, which sets oft' another — v. i. [fooled (foold), fooling.] To act like a
thing to advan- fool, trifle, toy. —
v. t. l'o infatuate, make foolish;
tage. {Arch.) to make a fool of impose upon, cheat.
, FooKery, —
A leaf-like or- -er-T, n. Practice of folly: absurdity; act of folly or
nament, in win- weakness: piece of absurdity or nonsense. FooF- —
d o w s niches,
, ish, a. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of
etc., called tre- understanding; weak in intellect; exhibiting a want
foil, quatrefoil, -p
n :i„
( A,. r h \
toils. (Arch.)
of judgment. —
Fool'-hard'y, a. Daring without
quin que foil, judgment; foolishly bold; rash; venturous; head-
etc., according to the number of cusps it contains. long. —
Fool'hard'iness, n. Fools'cap, n.— long A
Foist, foist, v. t. To
insert surreptitiously, or without folio writing paper, about 134 by 16\ inches. [Orig.
warrant; to interpolate; to pass off as genuine. made with a water-mark of "a fool's cap and bells.]
Fold, f5ld, n. A
doubling of a flexible substance : — Folly, -IT, n. State of being a fool; want of sense;
times or repetitions, —
used with numerals, chiefly levity, weakness, or derangement of mind; a fool-
in composition, to denote multiplication orincrease; ish act; weak conduct; foolery.
that which is folded together, or which infolds; em- Foot, fot>t, n. ; pi. Feet, fet. Ihe part of a leg below
brace. —
v. t. To lap or lay in plaits to double to ; : the ankle; lowest part or foundation; last of a row
lay (the arms, etc.) together; to inclose within folds. or series fundamental principle basis ordinary
— r.i. To become folded.
;

level or rank; a measure consisting of 12 inches.

; ;

Fold, fold, n. A
pen for sheep, etc. v. t. To con- — (Mil.) The foot-soldiers, infantry. (Pros.) A com-
fine (sheep) in a fold. bination of syllables constituting a metrical element
Foliaceous, io'lT-a'shus. a. (Bot.) Pert, to, or having of a verse. —
v. i. To tread to measure or music; to
the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves inter- —
dance; to walk. v. t. To strike with the foot, kick:
mixed with flowers. (Min.) Consisting of leaves to tread; to sum up, as numbers in a column; to add
or laminas; of the form of a leaf or plate. Fo'liage, — a foot to. —
Footing, n. Ground for the foot; firm
-li-ej, n. A
collection of leaves as produced by na- foundation to stand on; established place; relative

siin, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FOP 150 FORE
condition; state; tread; esp. tread to measure; act of withdraw from, abandon, desert, reject.— Forswear',
adding up a column of figures; sum total of such a -swar', v. t. [imp. -swore (-swor); p. p. -sworn;
column; act of putting a foot to anj-thing, or that -swearing.] To reject or renounce upon oath; to
whichis added as afoot; a plain cotton lace, without renounce earnestly or with protestations; to deny
figures; the finer refuse part of whale blubber, not upon oath.— v. i. To swear falsely, commit perjury.
wholly deprived of oil. (Arch.) The broad founda- — Forswear'er, n. A perjurer.
tion or base of a wall. —
Foot '-ball, n. An inflated Force, fors, n. Strength or energy of body or mind;
ball, kicked about; sport of kicking, etc. hold, n. esp. power to persuade, convince, or impose obliga-
A
tread securely. —
holding with the feet that on which one may-
;

man, n. ; pi. -MEN.

marches and fights on foot; a male servant who at-
A
soldier who
tion; compulsory power; strength for war; a body of
combatants. (Law.) Violence; validity; efficacy.
(Physics.) Any
action between 2 bodies" tending to
tends the door, carriage, table, etc. pound, n. The change any physical relation between them. v. t. —
—
dynamic unit,
raising 1 pound through 1 foot. —
being the amount of work done in
print, n. A trace
A
[forced (forst), forcing.] To constrain to do, or
to forbear, by exertion of power not resistible; to
foot.
much
—
or foot-mark.

walking.
sol'dier, n. soldier who serres on
sore, a. Having tender or sore feet, as from
step, n. Sound made by putting-
impress by force; to do violence to, esp. to ravish,
violate; to obtain by strength, capture by assault;
to impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main
down the foot; mark or impression of the foot; a strength; to exert to the utmost, strain, produce by
track; visible sign of a course pursued; token. unnatural effort; to provide with forces, garrison.
Fop, fop, n. A fellow vain and conceited or over nice For'cible, -sl-bl, o.*Pos ,

and affected in dress or manners; a coxcomb; dandy. sessing force, efficiency, or

— Fop'pery, -per-T, «. The behavior, manners, dress, energy; marked by excess-
etc., of a fop; coxcombry; folly; impertinence; fool- ive violence ; using force
ery. — Fop'pish, a. Fop-like; vain of dress; affected against opposition; ob-
in manners; finical; spruce; dandyish. tained by compulsion pow- ;

For, for, prep. In the place of; instead of; because erful efficacious; potent;
of; by reason of; with respect to: concerning; in the weighty; cogent.
;

For'ci- —
direction of; toward; during; as being, etc., indi- — bly, adv. —
Force'- or For'-
cating that in consideration of, or with reference to, cing-pump, n. A kind of pump
which anything takes place, —conj. Because; since; used to throw water to a distance,
because, introducing a reason of something before or force it onward by direct action
advanced, the cause, motive, explanation, etc., of of the piston.
an action related or statement made. Forev'er,— Force, fors, v. t. (Cookery.) To
adv. To eternity eternally at all times continu-
; ; ; stuff, lard.— Force'-meat, n. Meat
ally; incessantly; always; endlessly. chopped fine, seasoned, and used
Forage, f5r'ej, n. Act of providing food food for as stuffing.
horses and cattle. — v. i. [foraged (-ejd), -aging.]
;

Forceps, ffjr'seps,
?i. A two-bladed ;

To wander in search of food; to ravage, feed on instrument for grasping or trac-

spoil.— v. t. To strip of provisions, supply with tion a pair of tonss or pincers,
forage.— Foray, Forray, fo-ra' or lQr'a, n. sud- A esp.
;

for delicate operations, as Forcing-pump.

de-
den incursion in border war; a raid.— v. t. To ravage. those of watchmakers, dentists, i> > piston ;
z>,

Forbear, f6r-bar', v. i. [imp. forbore (-bor') or Cob's.) hvery tube.

e t C-
fokbake; p. p. forborne; forbearing.] To re- Ford, ford, n. A place where a river, or other water,
frain from proceeding, pause, delay; to refuse, de- may be passed by wading; a stream; current, —v. t.
cline.— v. t. To avoid, abstain from; to treat with To wade through. Ford'able, a. —
consideration, indulge, bear with.— Forbear'ance, n. Fore, for, a. Advanced in place or position; toward
Act of, or quality of being, forbearing; long-suffer- the front; forward; advanced in time; antecedent;
ing; patience; refraining; mildness. —
Forbid', r.' t. advanced in order or series, adv. In advance; at —
[-BADE (-bad'); p. p. -BIDDEN Or (obs.) -BID -BID- the front; in the part that precedes. w. The front. —
DING.] To command to forbear, or not to do; to for-
;

— For'mer, a. compar. Preceding in time; ancient,

bid from entering or approaching; to oppose, ob- long-past; prior; anterior; foregoing; first mentioned.
struct, prohibit, interdict, hinder, —v.i. To utter — For'merly, -IT, adv. In time past; of old; hereto-
a prohibition, prevent. —Forbid'dance, n. Act of, fore. — Fore'most, «. First in place; chief in rank,
or condition of being, etc. —
Forbid'der, n. For- — dignity, etc. For'ward, -wards, adv. Toward a part
bid'ding, p. a. Repelling approach; repulsive; un- or place before or in front; onward; in advance; pro-
pleasant; odious: abhorrent. —
Forbore, -borne. See gressively,— opp. to backward.— For'ward, o. Near
—
Forbear. Forfend' or Forefend', r. t. To fend or at the fore part; ready; prompt; willing; earnest;
I off, avtrt. forbid, prohibit, defend, guard, secure.— eager; over ready; less modest or reserved than is
Forego', v. t. [imp. forewent; p. p. -gone; -going.] proper unusually advanced; precocious; prema-
;

To quit, leave, relinquish the enjoyment or advan- ture. v. t. —

To help onward, advance, promote; to
tage of, give up, resign, renounce. [See also under send forward, transmit. For'warder, n. One who, —
Fore.] — Forget', v. t. [imp. -got or (obs.) -gat; p. etc.; esp. who transmits goods. For'wardly. adv. —
p. -got, -gotten; -getting.] To lose the remem- — For'wardness, n. —
Fore'-arm, v. t. To arm or
brance of; not to think of; to treat with inattention, prepare for attack or resistance before the time of
slight, neglect.— To forget one's self. To be guilty need. —
Fore-arm', n. (Anat.) That part of the arm
of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, between elbow and wrist. Forebodo', v. t. To —
temper, or self-control. —Forget'ful, -ful. a. Apt to foretell, prognosticate; to have an inward convic-
forget; heedless; careless; neglecttul. —
Forget'ful- tion of, as of a calamity to happen; to presage, por-
ness, n. Quality of being forgetful; loss of remem- tend, betoken.— Forebod'er, n. Fore'cast, v. t. —
brance or recollection oblivion; failure to bear in [-cast; -casting.] To contrive beforehand, scheme,
;

—
mind; careless omission. Forget'-rrie^not', n. (Bot.) project; to foresee, provide against, v. i. To con- —
A small herb, bearing a blue flower, —
the emblem trive beforehand. —
Forecast', n. Previous contriv-
—
of fidelity. Forget'ter, n. —
Forgive', -giv', v. t. ance or determination; foresight of consequences,
[imp. -GAVE;_p._p. -given; -giving.] To cease to im- and provision against them; prognostication.— Fore'-
pute, remit, excuse; to cease to feel resentment castle, -kas-sl, n. (Naut.) That part of the upper
against, absolve, pardon. —
Forgiv'able, a. For- — deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the
give'ness, n. Aet of, or disposition or willingness after part of the fore channels; in merchant vessels,
to, etc.; pardon; remission. —
Forgiv'er, n. For- — the forward partof the vessel, under the deck, where
giv'ing, p. a. Disposed to forgive; mild; merciful; the sailors live. See Ship. Forecit'ed, -siL'ed, a. —
compassionate. — Forlorn', a. Deserted; lost: in Cited or quoted before or above. Foredoom', v. t. —
pitiful plight; abject; pitiable.-Forlornhope. (Mil.) To doom beforehand, predestinate.— Fore'father,
A detachment of men to lead in an assault, enter a n. One who precedes another in the line of geneal-
breach, or perform service of uncommon peril. — ogy an ancestor. —
Fore'finger, -fin-ger, n. The fin-
Forsake', v. t. [imp. -SOOK (-sd6k); p. p. -sak'en;
;

ger next to the thumb; the index. Fore'foot, n. ; —

-sak'ing.] To quit or leave entirely, depart or pi. -feet. One of the anterior feet of an animal.

am, fame, far, pass or operi ; end, eve, t5rm ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 FORE 151 FORM
(Naut.) A piece of timber terminating the keel at taste before full possession, anticipate; to taste be-
the fore-end, and connecting' it with the stem. — fore another. —Foretell', v. t. To tell before occur-
Fore'front, -frunt, n. The foremost part or place. rence, foretoken, foreshow, predict, augur. r. i. —
— Forego', v. t. [imp. -went; p. p. -gone; -going.] To utter prediction or prophecy. Foretell'er, n. — —
To so before, precede. [See also under Forbear.] Fore'thought, -thawt, n. Anticipation; prescience;
— Foregone conclusion. One which
preceded ar- lias premeditation; provident care; forecast. Foreto'- —
gument or examination; one predetermined.— Fore'- ken, -kn, v. t. To foreshow. —
Fore'token, re. Prog-
ground, n. That part of the field of a picture which nostic; previous sign. —
Fore'-tooth, re. ; pi. -teeth.
seems to lie nearest the spectator, or before the fig- (Anat.) One of the teeth in the forepart of the
ures. —Fore'hand, n. All that part of a horse be- —
mouth; an incisor. Fore'top, n. The hair on the
fore the rider; the most important part; prudence; forepart of the head fore-lock; that part of a head-
;

advantage. —
Foro'handed, a. Early; timely; sea- dress that is forward. (Naut.) The platform at the
sonable; not behindhand; in easy circumstances. head of the foremast. See Ship. Forewarn', v. t. —
Fore'head, f'Or'ed, re. That part of the face from To warn beforehand, caution in advance, inform
the usual line of hair on the top of the head to the previously.
eyes; the brow; assurance. —
Forejudge', ?>. t. To Foreclose, for-kloz', v. t. [-closed (-klozd'), -clo-
judge before hearing the facts and proof, prejudge. sing.] To shut up or out, preclude, stop, prevent,
(O. Eng. Law.) To expel from court for miscon- bar, exclude. —
Foreclo'sure, -zhur, n. Act or pro-
duct. —Foreknow', -no', v.t. [imp. -knew; p.p. cess of foreclosing a process in law which bars a
;

-known; -knowing.] To have previous knowledge mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.
of, know beforehand. —
Foreknow'er, n. Fore- — Foreign, for'in, a. Not native; extraneous; alien;
knowl'edge, -nol'ej, n. Knowledge of a thing be- remote; not pertinent; not appropriate; not agree-
fore it happens; prescience.— Fore'land, n. A prom- able; not admitted; excluded; outlandish; remote.
ontory or cape; head-land. (Fort.) A piece of ground — For'eigner, n. One of a foreign country ; an
between the wall of a place and the moat. Fore'- — alien. —
For'eignness, n.
lay', v. t. To contrive antecedently; to lie in wait Forefend. See under Forbear.
for. — Fore'lock, n. The
lock of hair growing from Forensic, fo-ren'sik, -sical, a. Pert, to courts of ju-
the forepart of the head. (Naut.) flat piece of A dicature or public discussion and debate; used in
iron driven through the end of a bolt, to retain it in courts and legal proceedings, or in public discus-
place. —To take time, or occasion, bn the forelock. sions; argumentative.
To make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an Forest, for'est, n. An extensive wood ; in U. S., a
opportunity. —
Fore'man. n. ; pi. -men. The first or —
wood of native growth. v. i. To cover with trees
chief man, —
as, the chief man of a jury, who acts or wood.
as their speaker; chief of a set of hands employed in Forever. See under For.
Forfeit, for'fit, a. Lost or alienated for an offense
ward mast of a vessel; the one nearest the bow. See liable to penal seizure. ??. —
thing lost, or the A
Ship. — Foremen 'tioned, -shund, o. Mentioned be- right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neg-
former part of the same writing.—
fore; recited in a lect of duty, or breach of contract; a fine; mulct;
Fore'name, n. A
name preceding the family name penalty; something deposited and redeemable by a
or surname; a first name. —
Fore'named, -namd, «. fine. —
?', t. To lose, or lose the right to. Forfei- —
Named or nominated before; mentioned before in Act of forfeiting; the losing of
ture, -fT-chur, n.
the same writing. —
Fore'noon, n. The former part some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects,
of the day, from morning to noon.— by an offense, crime, breach of condition, etc.
Fore-ordain', ;

v.t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to predes- thing forfeited; amercement; penalty.

tinate, predetermine.— Forgave. See Forgive, under Forbear.
Fore-or'dina'tion, n. Pre-
vious appointment; predestination.— Forge, forj, n. A place where iron is wrought by
Fore'part, n.
The part most advanced, or first in time or in place,
heating and hammering; esp. a furnace, where iron
—
anterior part, beginning. is wrought; a smithy; works where iron is rendered
Fore'-plane, n. ( Carp.)
The first plane used after the saw and ax; jack- malleable by puddling and shingling; a workshop;
plane.— Fore'rank, n. The first rank, front.— Fore- place where anything is produced, shaped, or de-
run', v. t. [imp. -KAN; p. p. -RUN; -RUNNING.] To vised.— v.t. [forged (forjd), forging.] To form
run before, precede; to come before as an earnest ofby heating and hammering to shape out in any
something to follow, announce. — Forerun'ner, n.
;

way, produce; to make falsely; to produce (that

A messenger sent before to give notice of the ap- which is not genuine), fabricate, counterfeit, feign,
proach of others a harbinger; sign foreshowing
; falsify. — v. i. To commit forgery. (Naut.) To
something to follow; prognostic. — Fore'sail, n. -move heavily and slowly, as a ship with the sails
{Naut.) A
sail extended on the fore-yard; the first furled. —
For'gery, -jer-T, n. Act of forging, fab-
triangular sail before the mast of a sloop or cutter. ricating, or producing falsely esp., the crime of
See Sail. —Foresee', v. t. [imp. -saw; p. p. -seen ; fraudulently making a writing purporting to be
;

-seeing.] To see beforehand, see or know before done by another; thiiig forged.
occurrence, foreknow. —
Foreseer', -ser', n. Fore- — Forget, Forgive, Forlorn, etc. See under Forbear.
shad'ow, v. t. To shadow or typify beforehand, Fork, i6rk, n. An instrument with prongs or tines;
prefigure. — Foreshort'en, -sh6rt'n, v. t. (Paint.) anything fork-shaped one of the branches of a
;

To shorten by representing in an oblique position; river, road, etc.; place where a road, tree, etc., di-
to represent as seen obliquely.— Foreshort'ening, n. vides; a prong; point. —
?>. i. [forked (f6rkt), fork-

The representation or appearance, or diminution of ing.] To

shoot into blades, as corn; to divide into
length, of objects viewed obliquely.— Foreshow', v. branches. —
v. t. To raise or pitch with a fork, as
t. [?'mp -showed; p. p. -shown; p. pr. & vb. n. hay to dig and break with a fork, as ground to
; ;

-showing.] To show or exhibit beforehand, prog- form into a fork-like shape; to bifurcate.
nosticate, foretell. —
Foreshow'er, re.— Fore'side, n. Form, form, n. The shape and structure of anything;
The front side a specious outside.
; Fore'sight, — configuration; frame; external appearance; a men-
-sit, n. The act or power of foreseeing; prescience; tal transcript or image; constitution; mode of con-
foreknowledge; action in reference to the future; struction, arrangement, organization, etc. estab- ;

wise forethought. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of lished method r practice; formula: show without
the leveling-staff, except the one backward, called substance conventionality; formality; orderly ar-
the back-sight. —
Fore'skin, n. (An at.) The skin rangement
;

shapeliness
; comeliness beauty
: a ; ;

that covers the plans penis ; prepuce.— Forestall', v. shape ;phantom mold ; pattern model a long
; ; ;

t. To take beforehand, anticipate; to pre-occupy; bench or seat; a class in a school; class or rank in
to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation society; the seat or bed of a hare. (Print.) A page,
or by measures taken in advance to monopolize, ; or pages, imposed and locked up in a chase. (Phren.)
engross. (Eng. Law.) To obstruct or stop up, as a Perception of form. See Phrenology. v. t. —
way; to intercept on the road. —
Forestall'er, n. [formed (f'6nnd), forming.] To give form or shape
One who purchases provisions before they come to to; to construct, fashion; to model, train to go to
market, to raise the price. —
Foretaste', n. A taste make up, act as constituent of to provide with a
;

beforehand anticipation.
;
—
Fore'taste, v. t. To form, as a hare. —
Form'less, a. Shapeless with-
;

sQn, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FORMER 152 FOX
out determinate form irregular in shape. Form'- ; — rified form of a plant or animal in the strata of the
al, a. Pert, to the form, "external appearance, or earth.
organization of a thing pert, to the constitution ; Foster, fos'tSr, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teeing.] To
of a thing, as disting. fr. the matter composing it; feed, nourish, support, rear up; to cherish, forward,
constitutive; essential; done in due form, or with promote the growth of, stimulate.
solemnity' express according to form
; regular
: ; ; Fought. See Fight.
methodical; having: the form without the substance Foul, fowl, a. Covered with or containing extraneous
or essence; dependent on form; conventional; pre- matter which is noxious or offensive nasty; im-
cise; stiff; prim. —
Formality, -I-ti, n. Condition pure morally defiled in origin or tendency ob-
;
;

or quality of being formal, express, strictly cere- scene; scurrilous; cloudy or rainy; stormy; "loath-
monious," precise, etc. form without substance ; ; some; hateful; unpropitious not fair or advanta- ;

compliance with conventional rules ceremony : ; geous; not conformed to the established rules of a
conventionality; the formal part; essence; an es- game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair: dishonest; cheat-
tablished order: usual and express method. For- ing; interfered with in motion by collision or en-
mation, v. Act of giving form or shape to or of tanglement with anvthing entangled. v. t. ; —
giving being to; manner in which a thing is formed; [fouled (fowld), foiling.] To make filthy, defile,
structure; construction. (Geol.) The series of rocks dirty, soil to bring into collision with something
;

belonging to an age, period, or epoch. (J/;7.) An that impedes motion; to jostle, in a race. v. i. To —
arrangement of troops, as in square, column, etc. become entangled or clogged. n. An entangle- —
For'mula. -la, «. ; L. pi. -l.e. -le: E. pi. -las. -laz. A ment; collision.
prescribed or set form established rule. For'mu- ; — Foulard, fod-lard', 71. thin fabric of silk or silk- A
late, v.t. To reduce to, or express in, a formula. cotton, for handkerchiefs and dresses.
For'mulize, v. t. [-lized (-llzd), -lizing.] To for- Found, Foundling. See under Find.
mulate. Found, fownd, v. t. To fix upon a basis, literal or
Former, Formerly. See under Fore. figurative to fix or establish firmly, to furnish ma-
;

Formidable, iSr'niT-da-bl. a. Exciting fear or appre- terials for beginning, begin to raise, build, institute.
hension ; terrible ; shocking ; tremendous. — Founda'tion, n. Act of founding, fixing, or es-
Fornicate, for'nT-kat. -cated, a. Vaulted: arched.— tablishing that upon which anything is founded;
;

For'nicate. v. i. To have unlawful sexual inter- groundwork base or underground part of a struc-
;

course.— Fornica'tion, n. Incontinence or lewd- ture basis a donation, esp. for a charitable pur-
; ;

ness of an unmarried person; criminal conversation pose an endowment an endowed institution or

; ;

of a married man with an unmarried woman. charity.

Forray. See under Forage. Found, fownd, v. metal into
t. To form by pouring
Forsake, Forswear, etc. See under Forbear. a mold to cast. — Found'ery, -er-T, -ry, -rT, n. Art
:

Forsooth, for-sooth', adv. In truth; in fact. of casting works where metals are cast. — Fount,
;

Fort, fort, n. (Mil.) A fortified place; fortress; for- Font, n. (Print.) properly assorted quantity of A
tification. — For'tress, n. A fortified place ; strong- type of the same size, style, and age.
hold; fortified town; castle; citadel.— For 'tify, -tY-ti, Founder, fownd'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.]
v. r. [-FIED (-fid), -eying.] To add strength to, (Xaut.) To fill with water, and sink, as a ship; to
strengthen to secure by forts, batteries, etc. — For'- fail, miscarry; to trip, fall, stumble and go lame, as
—
;

tifica'tion, n. Act of, or that which, etc. esp. de- ahorse. v. t. To cause soreness in the feet or
—
;

fensive works; fortress: citadel; bulwark. Forti- limbs of, so as to lame,— said of a horse, —n. (Far.)
tude, -tud, n. Passive courage resolute endurance; ; A lameness from inflammation in a horse's foot;
firmness in confronting danger. Forte, fort, n. The inflammatory fever of the body, or rheumatism.
strong point; that in which one excels. Fount, Fountain, fownfin, n. spring or natural A
Forth, forth, adv. Forward: onward in time orin place; source of water an artificially produced jet or
;

out from a state of concealment, confinement, non- stream of water; structure in which such a jet or
development, etc.; beyond the boundary of a place; stream flows; origin; first cause. Font, n. Afoun- —
abroad. —Forth '-com'ing. a. Ready to come forth, tain, spring; a basin for water in baptism.
or appear; making appearance.— Forthwith'', -with' Four, for, a. One more than 3, or one less than 5;
or -with/, adv. Immediately without delay di- ; ; twice 2. n.— The sum of 4 units; a symbol repre-
rectly. —
Further, fer'ther, a. compur. More remote; senting four units, as 4 or iv.— Four'score, a. 4 times
more' in advance; farther; additional. adv. To a — 20; 80. —
n. 80units. [SeeScoKE.J Four'square, a. —
greater distance; moreover. r. t. [furthered — Having 4 sides and 4 equal
(-erd), -ering.] To help forward, promote, assist. angles.— n. That which has,
— Fur'thermore, adr. or conj. Moreover: besides etc.; a quadrangle.— Four'-
in addition to what has been said. Furthermost, — ;

way, a. Allowing passage

a. Most remote; furthest. Fur'thest, a. superl. — in any one of 4 directions.
Most remote farthest, adv. At the greatest dis-
;
— —Fourth, a. Next following
tance. the 3d and preceding the
Fortieth. Fortnight, etc. See under Fol r. t
5th; forming 1 of 4 parts <*{
Fortify, Fortitude, Fortress. See under Fort. into whicli a thing is di-
Fortune, for'ehun, n. Chance accident luck for- vided. —
n. One of 4 equal
tuity; appointed lot in life: fate: destiny; what be-
; ; :

parts into which, etc. —

falls one; event; good or ill success; esp. favorable Four'teen. -ten, n. The sum
issue estate
: possessions esp. large estate, great ; of 10 and 4 symbol repre- :

wealth, — ;

v. i. To come casually to pass; to happen. senting this number, as 14

— For'tunate, -nat, a. Coming by good luck au- : or xiv. —
a. 4 and 10 more;
Four-way Cock,
spicious receiving some unexpected good lucky
: : twice 7. —
Fourteenth, a.
—
;

successful prosperous. ; Fortuitous, -tu'T-tus, a. Succeeding the 13th and to steam-pipe 6, to ;

Happening by chance occurring unexpectedly, or ; preceding the 15th: making uPPfr cylinder ; c, to
without known cause accidental casual contin- : ; ; one of 14 parts.— ?!. One of condenser: d, to lower
gent incidental.
: —
Fortuity, -I-tl, n. Accident; 14 equal parts. (Mas.) The cylinder,
—
chance casualty. octave of the 7th. Forfnight, n. The space of 14
—
;

Forty. See under Four. nights; 2 weeks. For'ty, -tt, a. 4 times 10: 39 and
Forum, fo'rum, n. ; E.pl. -rums, L. pi. -RA, -ra. A 1 added.— n. The sum of 40 units symbol repre- :

market-place or public place in Rome, where causes senting it, as 40 or xl. Fortieth, -tT-eth, a. Fol- —
were judicially tried, and orations delivered. lowing the 39th; constituting 1 of 40 parts. n. One —
Forward. Forwardness, etc. See under Fore. of 40 equal parts.
Fosse, fos, n. (Fort.) A ditch or moat. (Anat.) A Fowl, fowl, n. A
bird, esp. a large, edible bird.
non-articular depression in a bone, wider at the Fox, foks, n. (Zo'61.) A predaceous animal of several
margin than at the bottom; one of variously shaped species of the genus Vulpes, remarkable for cun-
cavities in the soft parts. Fos'sil, a. Dug out of — ning. A
sly, cunning fellow. (Naut.) A small
the earth; pert, to, or like, fossils: petrified. n. — A strand of rope, made by twisting rope-yarns. (Icth.)
substance dug from the earth. (Paleon.) The pet- A fish the dragonet. Along-tailed shark, found
;

ftm, fame, far, pass or onera. fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 6dd, tone,
 FRACAS 153 FREEZE
in temperate and tropical seas, — the a sovereign or government. The district to which a
—
sea-ape, sea-fox, particular privilege extends asylum sanctuary. : ;

thrasher. — r. t. v. i. [franchises (-chizd), -chisixg.] To make

[foxed (fokst), free.
F O X X G .] To I Frank, frank, n. One of the German tribes inhabiting
cover the feet of Franconia, who in the 5th century conquered Gaul
boots with new and established the kingdom of France; an inhabi-
front upper tant of Western Europe; European, a term used —
leather. — v. i.
—
in the East; a franc, q. v.
To turn sour. Frantic, etc. Sec under Frexzy.
said of beer, Fraternal, fra-ter'nal, a. Pert, to brethren; becoming
etc., in ferment- brothers brotherly.— Frater'nity, -ni-ti, re. State
;

ing. or quality of being fraternal; brotherhood; a body

Fracas, fra'kas, of men associated for their common interest, busi-
re. An uproar Common Fox ( Vulpcs vulgaris).
; ness, or pleasure; a brotherhood. Fraternize, f ras-—
disturbance. ter- or fra-ter'niz, v. i. [-xized (-nlzd), -xizixg.]
Fraction, frak'shun, re. portion; fragment. (Amth. A To associate or hold close fellowship. Frafricide, —
or Alg.) A
division of a unit or whole number.— Com- -rT-sid, re. The murder of a brother; one who kills
mon or vulgar fr action. One in which the number a brother.
of equal parts into which the integer is divided is Fraud, frawd, n. Deception deliberately practiced, to
indicated by figures or letters, called the denomi- gain an unfair advantage; a deceptive trick: guile;
nator, written below a line, over which is the nu- craft; stratagem: imposition; cheat. Fraud'ulent, —
merator, indicating the number of these parts in- -u-lent, a. Using, containing, founded on, or pro-
ceeding fr., fraud: obtained or performed by arti-
cluded in the fraction, as i, one-half; -2 two fifths. fice; trickish; cunning; cheating; insidious; unfair;
— Decimal f. One in which the denominator is a knavish.
unit or 1 with ciphers annexed, commonly ex- — Fraught. See under Freight.
pressed by writing the numerator only with a point Fray, fra, re. Affray: broil; contest: combat. v. t.

before it ; thus, .5 = five tenths, ^J*_. .25 = ^HP- '

[frayed (frad), fraying.] To frighten, terrify.
Fray, fra. n. A fret or chafe in cloth. v. t. To rub, —
Fractional, -ary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to fractions: con- wear off by rubbing, fret (cloth, etc.)— v. i. To
stituting a fraction.— Frac'tious, -shus, a. Apt to rub to_wear out easily by rubbing: to ravel.
;

break out into a passion: apt to fret; peevish: irrit- Freak, i'rek, re. A sudden, causeless change of mind;
able pettish. Frac'tiously, adv. —
Frac'tious- — whim; caprice; sport.
ness, n.
;

—
Frax'ture, -chur, n. Act of breaking or Freak, trek, v. t. [freaked (frekt), freaking.] To
snapping asuuder; rupture: breach. (Surg.) The variegate, checker. —Freckle, trekl. re. yellow- A
breaking of a bone. (Min.) The appearance of a ish spot in tlie skin: any small discoloration. v.t. —
freshly-broken surface, displaying its texture. v. — [freckled (-Id), -ling.] To color with freckles or
t. [fractured (-churd), -tiring.] To cause, etc.; small discolored spots; to spot. v. i. To become —
to break, crack.— Fragile, fraj'il, a. Easily broken; covered with freckles.
brittle; frail; liable to fail.— Fragility, -T-tT, re. Free, fre, a. [fre'er, fre'est.] Not under restraint,
State of being, etc. Frag'ment, n. part broken— A control, or compulsion; at liberty; not under arbi-
off ; detached portion. Fragmentary, -a-rT, a. — trary government: enjoying political liberty; liber-
Composed of fragments broken up incomplete. ; ; ated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control
Fragrant, fra'grant, «. Sweet of smell; having agree- of parents or master; released from arrest; capable
able perfume; odoriferous; balmy; spicy; aromatic. of voluntary activity: clear of offense or crime; un-
Frail, It 51, a. Easily broken: fragile; liable to fail constrained' by timidity or distrust; unrestrained;
and perish; not tenacious of life; weak: infirm; of immoderate: riot close or parsimonious; liberal; not
infirm virtue: weak in resolution. —Frail' ty, -tT, re. united or combined with anything else; at liberty to
Condition of being frail; weakness of resolution; li- escape exempt clear released; invested with a
; ; ;

ableness to be deceived a fault proceeding from ; freedom or franchise; not obstructed or appropri-
weakness; infirmity: failing; foible. ated: not gained by importunity or purchase; not
Frame, tram, v. t. [framed (f ramd), framixg.] (Carp.) arbitrary or despotic: assuring liberty . v.t. [freed
To construct, adjust and (fred), freezing.] To make free, set at liberty, dis-
put together, fabricate, Oi engage, clear; to keep free, exempt: to relieve from
make; to originate, devise, the constraint of. —
Free'dom, -dum, re. State of be-
invent or fabricate (some- ing free; exemption from control; liberty; particu-
thing false) to regulate, lar privileges; franchise immunity; improper fa-
;

shape, conform; to provide

:

miliarity; license. —
Free'man, re.; pi. -hex. One
with a frame, as a picture. who enjoys liberty; one not a slave or vassal; one
— re. Anything composed possesse'd" of a peculiar privilege. Freed'man, —
of parts fitted and united fred'-, re. One who has been a slave, and is freed.
together a fabric struc- ; ;
— Free'hold, re. (Law.) An estate in real property,
ture; a case or structure for of inheritance or for life; the tenure by which it is
admitting, inclosing, o r Frame (Carp.). held. —Free'hclder, n. One owning, etc. Free'- —
supporting things, as that b, a b, uprights or fcoot'er, n. One who wanders about for plunder; a
which contains a window, posts: e d, e d, struts, robber; pillager. — Free'ma'son, -sn, re. One of a
door, picture, etc.; a sort ties, or braces. secret association, said to have been orig. composed
of loom the bodily struc-
; of masons, now of persons united for mutual assist-
ture; make or build of a person: the skeleton; form: ance. — Free'ma'sonry, -sn-rT, n. Institutions or
constitution: system: regulated or adapted condi- practices of, etc. —
Free'stone, re. Stone composed
tion; particular state, as of the mind: humor. of sand or grit, —
easily cut. —
Free'thinker, n. One
Franc, frank, n. A silver coin, orig. of France, equal who discanls revelation; an unbeliever; skeptic.
to about 19J cents.
Franchise, etc. See under Frank.
Frank, frank, a. Free in uttering real sentiments:
Free'thinking, a. Skeptical.— re. Unbelief.
born, a. Born free: inheriting liberty.
Free'-
trade', re.
Commerce unrestricted bv tariff regulations or cus-
——
not reserved: ingenuous; candid; open: sincere.— toms duties free interchange of commodities.
;
—
v. t. [fraxked (frankt). FRANKING.] To send by -trad'er, n. An advocate of, etc.
public conveyance free of expense: to exempt from Freeze, frez, v. i. [imp. froze; p.p. frozen; freez-
charge for postage. n. —
A letter free of postage, or ing.] To become concealed by cold: to be hardened
of charge for sending by mail; that which makes a into ice or a like solid body; to become chilled. v. —
letter free, as the signature of one possessing the To congeal, harden into ice; to cause loss of ani-
privilege. —
Fran'chise, -chiz, n. constitutional A
1.
mation or life in, from lack of heat ; to chill. —
right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. (Law.) A Frost, frost, re. Act or state of freezing; severe cold;
privilege conferred upon individuals by grant from frozen dew, —
hoar-frost or white-frost. v. t. To —
sun, cube, full; moon, foot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 FREIGHT 154 PROM
cover with anything like hoar-frost, as cake with to a person, proceeding from intimate acquain-
sugar. tance, or from favorable opinion of his estimable
Freight, frat, n. That with which anything is laden; qualities friendly relation or intimacy
; friendly ;

cargo; what is paid for transportation of merchan- aid, office, or kindness.

dise. —
r. t. To load with goods, as a ship or vehicle. Frieze, frez, n. A
coarse woolen cloth with nap on
— Fraught, frawt, a. Freighted; laden; stored. one side_. — v. t. To make a nap on (cloth).
French, french, a. Pert, to -b ranee or its inhabitants. Frieze, frez, n. {Arch.) That part of an entablature
— n. The language of the people of France; collect- between the architrave and cornice.
ively, the people of France. French'man, n. ; pi. — Frigate, f rig'at, n. A
ship of war, larger than a cor-
-men. A
native or naturalized inhabitant of, etc. vette or sloop of war, and less than a ship of the
— French'ify, -fi, v.t. [-fijed (-fid), -fying.] To line.
make French, Gallicize. Fright, frit, n. A
passion excited by sudden danger
Frenzy, fren'zT, n. Violent agitation of the mind ap- violent fear ; alarm terror consternation. ;v. t. — ;
;

proaching to distraction; insanity; madness; rage; To alarm suddenly with danger, affright, scare,
delirium. — Fran'tic,
Frenet'ic, -ical, Phrenetic, dismav, daunt. — Fright'en, [-ened (-nd), -en- r. t.
a. Mad; raving; noisy; wild. Fran'tically, adv. — ing.] To fright. — Fright'ful, -ful, a. Full of terror;
Frequent, fre'kwent, a. Happening at short intervals; alarmed; exciting alarm; terrible; dreadful; awful;
given to any course of conduct. —Frequent'', v.t. horrid; shocking.
To visit often, resort to habitually. Fre'quency, — Frigid, frij'id, a. Cold; of low temperature; wanting
-sT, n. Condition of returning frequently; occur- warmth, fervor, vivacity, etc.; impotent.
rence often repeated. Frill, fril, n. Orig. the ruffling of a hawk's feathers
Fresco, fres'ko, n. Coolness shade a method of ; ; when shivering with cold a ruffle (on clothes). ;
—
painting on walls on a freshly laid stucco-ground v. t. [frilled(frild), -ling.] To decorate with
of lime or gypsum. v. t. —
[frescoed (-kod), -co- frills. —
v. i. To shake or shiver, as with cold.
ing.] To paint in fresco. Fringe, frinj, n. A
trimming consisting of hanging
Fresh, fresh, a. Possessed of original life and vigor; threads; a line of projecting objects along the edge
new and strong lately produced, gathered, or pre-
; of any place or thing a border confine. v. t.; ; —
pared for market recently made in a raw, green,
; ;
[fringed (frinjd), fringing.] To adorn or border
or untried state renewed in vigor, or readiness for
; with fringe.
exertion tending to renew in vigor cool brisk; Frippery, irip /'per-Y, n. Old clothes ; cast dresses
;

not salt, as water or meat. n. —

pool or spring of A
; ;

second-hand finery; useless matter: place where old

fresh water an inundation freshet the mingling
; ; ; clothes are sold; traffic in old clothes.
of fresh with salt water in rivers or bays.— Freshly, Friseur. See under Friz
adv.— Fresb/ness, n.— Fresb/en, v. t. [-ened (-nd), Frisk, frisk, v. i. [frisked (friskt), frisking.] To
-ening.] To make fresh, take saltness from any- leap, skip, dance, gambol. n. frolic; a fit of — A
thing. {Naut.) To relieve, as by change of place, wanton gayety. -T, a. — Frisk'y,
Frolicsome.
or by renewing the material used to prevent chaf- Frit, frit, n. The
material for glass or ceramic glaze,
ing. —
v. i. To grow fresh, lose saltness, grow brisk wholly or partially fuzed but not vitrified. v.t.
or strong. —
Fresh/et, n. A
flood in a river from To prepare (materials for glass, etc.') by exposing to
rains or melted snow. heat. —
Frifter, n. A small pancake of fried bat-
Fret, fret, v. t. To wear away by friction, eat away, ter; a small piece of meat fried; a fragment; shred;
corrode, chafe to make rough, agitate, disturb to
; ;
small piece. v. t. —
[frittered (-terd), -tering.]
tease, irritate, vex, make angry. v. i. To be worn — To cut (meat) into small pieces for frying; to break
away or corroded; to chafe; to be agitated or vexed; into small fragments.
to utter peevish expressions. —n. Agitation vex- ;
Frith, frith, Firth, ferth, n. A narrow arm of the sea;
ation agitation of the surface of a fluid, esp. by
; estuary; a kind of weir for catching fish.
fermentation, pi. {Mining.) The worn sides of Frivolous, friVo-lus, a. Of little weight, worth, or
river banks, where ores accumulate. Fret'ful, -ful, — importance; given to trifling, or unbecoming levity;
a. Disposed to fret; peevish; cross. trivial; petty. —
Friv'oloushess, Frivol'ity, -tT, n.
Fret, fret, v. t. To ornament with raised work, vari- Friz, Frizz, friz, v. t. [frizzed (frizd), -zing.] To
egate, diversify. —
n. Herpes; tetter.— Fret'work.ra. form into small curls, as hair; to crisp; to form into
Work adorned with frets; ornamental open work in little burs, or knobs, as the nap of cloth, —n. That
wood, iron, or stone. which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled. Fri- —
Fret, fret, n. {Arch.) An ornament made of small seur, fre-zer', n. hair-dresser. A
Friz'zle, v. t'. —
fillets combined in geo [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to
metrical or otl friz. — Friz'zler, n.
terns; a raised 1
Fro. See under From.
an open slot. {Hi Frock, frok, n. An outer garment; esp. a loose, coarse
bearing composed garment worn by men over other clothes, or a gown
bars crossed and im._ worn by women and children.
laced. {Mm.) A wire Fret, Frog, frog, n. (Zool.) A well-known amphibious an-
on the fingerboard of a guitar or similarinstrument, imal, with 4 feet, a naked body, and no tail. {Far.)
to guide the finger in playing.— v. t. To furnish with A tender, horny substance in the middle of a horse's
frets, as an instrument of music. foot, dividing into 2 branches, and running toward
Friable, fri'a-bl, a. Easily crumbled or pulverized. the heel in the form of a
Friar, fri'ar, n. {Rom. Cath. Ch.) member of any A fork. An oblong cloak-but-
religious order, esp. of a mendicant order. ton, swelled in the mid-
Fribble, f rib'' bl, a. Frivolous trifling silly. n. — A dle. {Railroads.) A trian-
—
; ;

frivolous fellow; a coxcomb; fop. v. i. To trifle. gular plate for the wheels
Fricassee, frik'as-se', n. A
dish made of fowls or where tracks cross at an Railroad Frog,
small animals cut into pieces, and stewed or fried. acute angle.
— v. t. [fricasseed (-sod'), -seeing.] To make a Frolic, frol y ik, a. Full of levity or pranks; gay; merry.
fricassee of. — 7i. A
wild prank ; flight of mirth : scene of gay-
Friction, frik'shun, n. Act of rubbing one body etv; merry-making.— v.i. [frolicked (-ikt), -ick-
against another; attrition; abrasion. {Mech.) The ing.] To play pranks, sport. Frol'icsome, -sum, —
effect of rubbing, or resistance which a moving body a. Sportive. —
Frol'icsomeness, n.
meets with from the surface on which it moves. From, from, prep. Out of the neighborhood of less- ;

Friday, f ri'da, n. The 6th day of the week. ening proximity to leaving behind by reason of
; : ;

Fried. See Fry. out of; by aid of,— used to express departure, setting
Friend, fiend, n. One attached to another by senti- out, commencement
of action, being, state, occur-
ments of esteem, respect, and affection a well- rence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, sep-
wisher; an intimate associate one not an enemy a
;
j

aration, etc. Fro, adv. —

From away back or
—
; ; i ; ;

favorer; promoter; one of the religious sect usually backward. Fro'ward, a. Unwilling to comply
called Quakers. v. t. —
To act as the friend of. with what is required perverse wayward ; re-
— Friend'liness, n. —
Friend'ship, n. Attachment I fractory.
; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 FROND 155 FUN
Frond, frond, re. (Bot.) The organ formed by the Fuchsia, fu'sha, re. A genus of flowering
(Bot.)
union into one body of plants. Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.]
[Fr.
stalks and leaves in cer- Fucus, f u'kus, re. ; pi. -ci, -si. A paint; dye false ;

tain plants, as ferns. show. (Bot.) A genus of sea-weeds of a tough,

Front, frunt, n. The fore- leathery kind; sea-wrack, and other species.
head or brow; the face; Fuddle, fud'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To
the countenance, as ex- make foolish by drink. v. i. To drink to excess.—
pressive of character, tem-
Frond.
Fudge, fuj, re. A
made-up story; stuff; nonsense.
per, or disposition, esp. of Fuel, fu'el, re. Combustible matter, as wood, coal,
boldness of disposition, or of impudence the part ; peat, etc.; anything that feeds flame or excitement.
of anything directed forward position directly ; Fugacious, fu-ga'shus, a. Flying, or disposed to fly;
before the face of a person, or foremost part of a volatile. —
Fugitive, -jT-tiv, a. Apt to flee away;
thing a front-piece of hair worn by ladies.
; v. t. — liable to disappear; easily blown away or absorbed;
To oppose face to face, meet; to stand opposed or escaping from duty, service, danger, etc.; unstable;
opposite, or over against; to adorn in front. v. i. — volatile evanescent.
; re. —
One who flees from his
To stand foremost; to have the face or front toward station or duty, danger or punishment; a deserter;
any point of compass. a. —
Of, or relating to, the one hard to be caught or detained. Fugue, fug, —
forward part; having a position in front; foremost. re. (Mus.) A
musical composition in contrapuntal
— Frontier, -er, re. That part of a country which style, in which a subject is proposed by one part,
fronts or faces another country or an unsettled re- and then responded to by the others, according to
gion; the boundary; border.— a. Lying on the ex- certain rules.
terior part; bordering; conterminous; acquired on a Fugleman. Same as Flugelman.
frontier. —
Frontispiece, -pes, re. That which pre- Fulcrum, f uKkrum, re. ; L. pi. -cra, -kra ; E. pi.
sents itself to the front view. {Arch.) The principal -crums. A
prop or support.
face of a building. An
illustration fronting the first (Mech.) The point about which
a lever turns in lifting or mov-
page of a book.
Frost, Frozen, etc. See under Freeze. ing a body. JT~3;
Froth, froth, re. A
collection of bubbles on liquids;
spume; foam; empty, senseless show of wit or elo-
quence; light, unsubstantial matter.— v. t. [frothed
F
FufL
FUlfillment lmd£r-

Fulgent, fuKjent, a. Exquisitely bright

^
F, Fulcrum.
shining; ;

(frotht), frothing.] To cause to foam, cover with dazzling; effulgent. —

Ful'gency, -si, re. Brightness;
froth. v.i. To throw up foam. Froth/y, -1, a. — splendor; glitter.
/,
[frothier, -iest.] Full of, or consisting of, froth; Fuliginous, fu-lij T-nus, a. Pert, to soot or smoke;
spumous foamy not firm or solid soft vain
; ; ; ; ; sooty; dark; dusky; smoky.
empty; unsubstantial. Full, ful, a. Filled up; replete; having within it all
Frounce, frowns, v. t. [frounced (frownst), froun- that 'it can contain not empty or vacant abun-
; ;

cing.] To curl or frizzle about the face, as the dantly furnished or provided; sufficient; ample; not
hair. —re. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a mass of pim- wanting in any essential quality complete per- ; ;

ples in a horse's or hawk's palate. fect.— re. Complete measure; utmost extent. adv.
Frouzy, frow'zf, a. Fetid; musty; dim; cloudy. Quite; completely; exactly. v.i. To become fully —
Froward, etc. See under From. or wholly illuminated.— Fully, -IT, adv. —In full
Frowey, frow'T, a. (Carp.) Working smoothly, or manner or degree; without lack; entirely; clearly.—
without splitting, —
said of wood. Fulfill, Fulfil, ful-fiK, v. t. [-filled (-fild'), -fill-
Frown, frown, v. i. [frowned (frownd), frowning.] ing.] To rill up, make full or complete; to accom-
To contract the brow, scowl, put on a stern, grim, plish or carry into effect, bring to pass, effectuate.
or surly look; to look on with disfavor, look threat- — Fulfill'ment, n. Accomplishment completion
performance. — Fulsome, fttKsum, a.
; ;

ening, lower. — v. t. To rebuke with a look. re. A — Offending or

wrinkling of the brow in displeasure rebuke ; disgusting by over-fullness, excess, obsequiousness,
sternness, etc.; expression of displeasure. or grossness.
Frowy, Frowzy. Same as Frouzy. Fulirful, v. t. [fulled (fuld), fulling.] To cleanse
Frugal, froo r gal, a. Economical in the use of re- and 'scour (cloth); to niake compact, strengthen,
sources; sparing; saving.— Frugality, -T-tT, w. Qual- and thicken (woolen cloth, etc.), by a felting pro-
ity of being frugal; good husbandry or housewifery. cess, esp. in a mill; to thicken and diminish the size
Fruit, froot, re. Whatever is to be enjoyed, partaken of (underclothes, etc.), in washing, —v. i. To be-
of, or made use of product result that part of come fulled or thickened.— FulKer, re. FulKery, —
;

plants which contains the seed esp. the .iuicy,

;

;
;

-er-t, n. Works where fulling is carried on. FulK- —

pulpy products of certain plants the produce of ing-mill, n. A
mill for fulling cloth; a machine for
animals; offspring; young. Fruit'iul, -ful. a. Full— ;

felting wool hats. —

FulKer's-earth, n. variety of A
of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; fertile: pro- clay, used in cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the grease
lific fecund; abundant; plenteous. Fruit'fully, — and oil used in preparing wool.
—
;

adv. Fruit'fulness, re.— Fruitless, a. Not bearing Fulminate, fuKmT-nat, v. i. To thunder, make a
fruit; productive of no advantage: barren; useless; loud, sudden noise, detonate, explode to issue de-
abortive; idle; profitless. Fruitlessly, adv. — — nunciation, thunder forth menaces. v. t. To cause —
;

Fruit'lessness, re. —
Frui'tion, -ish'un, re. Use or to explode; to utter (denunciation or censure.) re. —
possession of anything, esp. accompanied with pleas- (Chem.) A compound which explodes by percus-
ure; gratificationj enjoyment. sion, friction, or heat.
Frustrate, frus'trat, v. t. To bring to nothing, pre- Fulsome, See under Full.
etc.
vent from attaining a purpose; to make null" or of Fulvid, ful'vid, Ful'vous, -vus, a. Tawny: dull yel-
no effect; to baffle, balk, nullify. —a. Vain; in- low, with a mixture of grav and brown.
effectual; useless; void. Fumble, fum'bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bung.] To feel
Frustum, frus'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta, or -tums. (Geom.) or grope about to seek awkwardly to handle
The part of a solid next the much, turn over and over.
;

v. t. To manage awk- — ;

base, formed by cutting off wardly, crowd or tumble together.

the top. Fume, fum, re. Vapor or gas arising from combustion
Frutescent, froo-tes'sent, a. or chemical action, esp. noxious or offensive exhala-
(Bot.) Becoming shrubby, or tion; smoke; reek; anything unsubstantial or airv;
like a shrub. idle conceit. v. i. —[fumed (i'fimd), fuming.] To
Fry, fri, v. [fried (fnd), fry-
t. smoke, throw off vapor, or exhalations; to pass off
ing.] To cook
in a frying-pan in vapors; to be in a rage. v. t. To smoke, dry in —
over the fire, as meat to cook in boiling fat, as; smoke; to disperse in vapor. Fu'migate, -mT-gat, —
doughnuts, v. i. — To be heated and agitated, as v. t. To apply smoke to, expose to smoke or disin-
meat in a frying-pan to ferment, foam, or dissolve fecting gas, as in cleansing infected apartments,
—
;

with heat. re. A dish of anything fried. clothing, etc. to perfume.— Fumiga''tion, re. Act of
;

Fry, fri, /). A swarm or crowd, esp. of little fishes; a fumigating; vapor; scent raised by fire.
large number; young fishes or animals. Fun, fun, re. Sport merriment frolicsome amuse-
; ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 FUNCTION 156 FYKE
ment. — Fun'ny, -nT, a. [-NIER, -niest.] Droll with proper goods, vessels, or ornamental append-
comical. ages. —
Fur'niture, -ni-chur, n. That which fur-
Function, funk'shun, n. Act of executing; perform- nishes, or with which anything is furnished or sup-
ance; peculiar or appointed
ppointed action; nati
natural or as- plied; whatever must be supplied to a house, room,
signed action. {Math.) A quantity so connected etc., to make it habitable or agreeable chattels ; ;

with another, that, if any alteration be made in the movables ; effects ; necessary appendages to any-
latter, there will be a consequent alteration in the thing, as to a machine, carriage, horse, etc. {Print.)
former,— the dependent quantity being called & func- Pieces of wood or metal placed around the pages, to
tion of the other. —
Functional, a. Pert, to func- hold them in place in the chase.
tions; required by, or involved in, the appropriate Furrier, Furring, Furry, etc. See under Fur.
action. —
Func'tionary, -a-rT, n. One charged with Furrow, fui-'ro, n. A
trench in the earth made by a
the performance of a iunction; esp. a public official. plow; any trench, channel, or groove; a wrinkle'on
Fund, fund, n. A stock or capital; an invested sum the face. —
v. *. f furrowed (-rod"), -rowing.] To
whose income is devoted to a specific object; a store cut a furrow in, plow; to mark with wrinkles.
laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a Further, Furtherance, etc. See under Forth.
supply, pi. The stock of a national debt; public se- Furtive, fer'tiv, a. Stolen; obtained or characterized
curities.— v. t. To provide a fund for the payment of by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy.
the interest of to place in a fund, as money.
;
— Fury, f u'rT, n. Violent passion; over-mastering agl-
Fund'able, a. Capable of being funded or converted tation or enthusiasm; violent anger; extreme wrath.
into bonds.— Fun'dament, n. The seat; part of the {Myth.) A
goddess of vengeance. stormy, tur- A
body on which one sits; the buttocks; the orifice of bulent, violent woman; virago; termagant. Fu'- —
the intestines; anus. — Fundamental, a. Pert, to rious, -rt-us, a. Transported with passion; rushing
the foundation or basis; essential, as an element, impetuously; moving violently; boisterous; raging;
principle, or law; elementary. mad; frantic; frenzied.
Funeral, fu'ner-al, n. The ceremony of burying a Furze, f erz, n. A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow
dead person; obsequies; burial; procession attend- flowers, common
in Great Britain; gorse; whin.
ing the burial of the dead. —a. Pert, to burial; used Fuse, fuz, [fused (fuzd), fusing.] To liquefy
v. t.
at the interment of the dead. —
Fune'real, a. Suit- by heat, dissolve, melt; to blend or unite.— v. i. To
ing a funeral; dismal. melt. —
Fu'sible, -z l-bl, a. —
Fusibil'ity, n. Fu'- —
Fungus, fun'gus, n. ; L. pi. -gi, -ji; E. pi. -guses, -ez. sion, -zhun, n. Act or operation of melting, without
{Bot.) An acotyledonous the aid of a solvent; state of being melted; union of
or cryptogamous plant, such things into oneness, as if melted together.
s
as the mushrooms, toad- Fuse, fuz, n. A
tube filled with combustible matter,
stools, the microscopic used in blasting, discharging a shell, etc. Fusee', —
plants which form mold, n. A
tube or match; fuse; cigar-light; fusil. Fu r- —
mildew, smut, etc., and the sil. -zil, n. A
light musket or firelock. Fu'sillade, —
minute vegetable parasites -lad, n. {Mil.) A
simultaneous discharge of fire-
of animals also, excres-
; arms. —
Fusillade', v. t. To shoot down by a simul-
cences on plants. {Med.} A taneous discharge. —
Fusileer', -ier, -er', n. {Mil.)
spongy, morbid growth or Formerly, a soldier armed
granulation in animal bod- with a fusil; now an infan-
ies proud-flesh.— Fun '- "\ try soldier wearing a bear-
;
~
gous, -gus, a. Like fungus; skin cap like a grenadier's.
excrescent growing sud-
; Fusee, fu-ze', n. The conical
denlv, but not substantial. wheel of a watch or clock, iusee.
Funnel, fun'nel, n. in- An designed to equalize the power of the mainspring.—
verted hollow cone with a Fu'sil, -zil, n. {Her.) A
bearing of a rhomboidal or
pipe a tunnel stove-pipe;
; ; spindle-shaped figure. —
Fu'siform, a. {Bot.) Spin-
steamship's chimney. Fungi. dle-shaped; tapering at each end.
Funny. See under Fun. 1, Agaricus comatus. Fusel, fu'sel, Fusel oil, n. {Chem.) An acrid, oily
Fur, fer, n. The short, fine, 2, Boletus edulis. alcohol, nauseous and poisonous.
soft hair of certain animals, 3, Morchella eseulenta.
Fuss, fus, n. A
tumult; bustle; annoying ado. —v. i.
skins of wild animals with the fur peltry any [fussed (fust), fussing.] To make a bustle or ado.
coating resembling fur, as a coat of morbid matter
; ;

— Fuss'y, -T, a. [-ier, -test.] Making a fuss, or

on the tongue in fever. —
v. t. [furred (ferd), fur- unnecessary ado about trifles. Fuss'iness, n.—
ring.] To line, face, or cover with fur; to cover Fust, fust, n. A
strong, musty smell: mustiness.
with morbid matter, as the tongue. {Arch.) To nail Fust'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Moldy; rank; rancid.
strips of board upon, as a foundation for lathing.— Fustian, fusfyan, n. A
coarse twilled cotton stuff,
Fur'ner, -ri-er, n. A
dealer in furs. Fur'riery, -T,— including corduroy, velveteen, etc. an inflated ;

n. Furs collectively; trade in furs. Fur' ring, n.— style of writing; bombast. a. —
Made of fustian;
{Carp.) The nailing on of strips, preliminary to pompous; turgid; inflated; bombastic.
lathing; the strips. —
Fur'ry, -rT, n. Covered with, Futile, fu'til, a. Of no weight or importance; an-
or consisting of, fur. swering no purpose; failing of the designed effect;
Furbelow, fer'be-lo, n. A
puckered flounce plaited useless; vain; trifling. —
Futility, -T-ti, n. Want of
border of a gown or petticoat. —
v. t. [furbelowed
;

importance or effect; uselessness.

(-lod), -lowing.] To put a furbelow on. Futtock, fut'tok, n. {Naut.) One of the timbers
Furbish, fer'bish, v. t. [-bished (-bisht), -bishing.] which are scarfed together to form T
a
To rub or scour to brightness; to polish. rib of a vessel.— Futtock-plates. (,j\ avt.)
Furcate, fer'kat, -cated, a. Forked; branching like Plates of iron in a top, to which the
the prongs of a fork. dead-eyes are secured. jF.-shrouds. —
Furious, etc. See under Fury. Small shrouds beneath a top.
Furl, ferl, v. t. [furled (ferld), furling.] To wrap Future, fu'ehur, a. About to be; liable
or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast to ; to be or come hereafter, —n. Time to
gather into close compass. come; time subsequent to the present.
Furlong, fer'long, n. The 8th of a mile. — Futu'rity, -tu'r l-tt, n. The state of
Furlough, fer^lo, n. {Mil.) Leave of absence esp. being yet to come; future time; time to
leave to be absent from service for a certain time.
;

— come; the future; a future event.

v. t. [furloughed
(-lod), -loughing.] To grant Fuze, n. See Fuse.
leave of absence, as to an officer or soldier. Fuzz, fuz, ?;. i. [fuzzed (fuzd), -zing.]
Furnace, f Sr'nas, n. An
inclosed place where a hot fire To fly off in minute particles.— n. Fine, *uttock.
is maintained, as for melting ores, warming a house, light particles; loose, volatile matter. aa, dead-eyes;
baking bread, etc. Fy. Same as Fie. bb, futtock-
Furnish, fer'nish, v. t. [-nished (-nisht), -nishing.] Fyke, flk, n. A
long bag-net distended plates;
u 1 1oo k
To supply with anything necessary or useful, pro- "Ehfisli.
by hoops, into whicf can pass, but
shrouds.
:

vide, equip; to offer for use, afford; to fit up, supply not return.

l, fame, far, pass or opera fare

; ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 157 GALLIC

G
G, je, the 7th letter in the English alphabet, has i Gait. See under Gate.
sounds: one simple (called the hard sound, re pre Gaiter, ga'ter, n. A
covering for the ankle, fitting
sented in the phonetic re-spellings in this vocabu
OU.UU down upon the shoe a kind of shoe, chiefly oi;

lary by g), the other compound (represented cloth, covering the ankle.
byi)- (Mis.) G is the name of the 5th tone Gala, gala, n. Pomp, show, or festivity.
Galactometer, gal / ak-tom /'e-ter, n. An instrument to
of the natural or model scale,— called also sol. *>*.-
It was also orig. used as the treble clef, and \pr+
has changed into the character represented in ~t¥~
the margin. G#
(G sharp) is a tone interme-
i ascertain the quality of milk, by indicating its spe-
gravity
cific a lactometer.
; GaPaxy, -aks-T, n.
(Astron.) 1 he Milky Way. An assemblage of splen-
—
diate between G and A. u Uet did persons or things.
Gab, gab, n. The mouth ; idle prate loquacity. v. ;
— Gale, gal, n. A
wind between a stiff breeze and a
i. [gabbed (gabd), gabbing.] To talk idly, prate: tempest; a breeze; a state of excitement or passion.
to impose upon one; to lie.— Gab'ble, v. i. [-bled — v. i. (Naut.) To sail fast.
(-bid), -bling.] To talk Galeas. See under Galley.
noisily, rapidly, and idly, or Galeate, ga'le-at, -ated, a. Covered, as with a hel-
without meaning ; to jab- met. (Bot.) Having a flower like
ber, babble, chatter to utter ; a helmet.
inarticulate sounds, cackle. Galena, ga-le'na, n. Sulphuret of
— n. Loud or rapid talk lead the principal ore from which
;

without meaning inarticu- ; lead is extracted.

late rapid sounds, as of Gall, gawl, n. (Physiol.) The bitter,
fowls. — Gab'bler, n. alkaline, greenish-vellow liquid in
Gabardine, gab^r-den', n. A the gall-bladder ; bile. Anything
loose upper garment. bitter spite malignity.
; ; Gall'- —
Gabion, ga'bl-un, n. (Fort.) blad'der,n. (Anat.) pear-shaped A
A wicker cylinder filled Gabion, membranous sac, on the under
with earth, for constructing parapets and tempora side of the liver, containing gall.
ry defenses. Gall, gawl, G. nut, n. vegetable A ,

Gable, ga'bl, n. (Arch.) The vertical triangular por excrescence produced by an insect
tion of the end of a house, from in the bark or leaves of plants, as
the eaves to the top; the end of the oak-apple, etc., —used in dye- a^ento r n ™u.7
a house. ing, making ink, etc— Gall'-fly, n.
^ aieate Corolla.
Gad, gad, n. The point of a spear; —
The insect which, etc. Gallic, gal'lik, a. (Chem.)
arrow-head; goad; wedge or in- Pert, to, or derived from, galls.
got of iron or steel. v. i. To — Gall, gawl, v. t. [galled (gawld), galling.] To
rove or ramble idly.— Gad'der, fret and wear away by friction to excoriate, ;

Gad'-about', n. One who roves chafe; to tease, vex, chagrin; to harass, annoy. n. —
idly. — Gad'ny, n. An insect A wound in the skin from rubbing.
which stings cattle, and de- Gallant, gaKlant, a. Showy; splendid; magnificent;
posits its eggs in their skin; gay; noble in bearing or spirit; heroic; courageous;
bot-fly; breeze-fly. brave. —
Gallant', n. A
gay, courtly, or fashionable
Gael, gal, n. sing. & pi. Scotch A man one attentive to ladies one who wooes ; a
— —
; ;

Highlander of Celtic origin; an Gable. lover; suitor. a. Attentive to ladies. v. t. To

Irish Celt. —
Gaelic, ga'Tik, a. Pert, to the Gael. — attend or wait on (a lady). Gallantly, adv. In a —
n. The language of the Highlanders of Scotland. fallant manner, spirit, or bearing; gayly; nobly;
Gaff, gaf, n. A
harpoon; an iron hook on a handle, ravely. — Gallanfly, adv. In a polite or courtly
for Landing large fish. (Naut.) A
boom or yard, manner. — GaPlantness, n. Gayety ; nobleness ;

extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail. See bravery.— Gal'lantry, -rt, n. Bravery; intrepidity;
Ship. — v. t. To strike or take with a gaff. attention to ladies; intrigue. —Galloon, -loon'', n. A
Gag, gag, v. t. [gagged (gagd), gagging.] To stop narrow woven fabric of cotton, woolen, silk, etc.,
tne mouth of, Dy thrusting in something, to hinder for binding garments, hats, shoes, etc.
speaking; to silence; to cause to heave with nausea. Galleass, Galleon. See under Galley.
— v. i. To heave with nausea. n. Something — Gallery, gal'ler-T, n. A
long and narrow corridor, or
thrust into the mouth to hinder speaking; a speech connecting passage-way ; a room for exhibiting
interpolated by an actor in his part as written. works of art; a collection of paintings, sculptures,
Gage, gaj, n. A
pledge or pawn; security; something etc.; a platform on the interior sides of a building,
thrown down as a challenge to combat, as a glove, supported by brackets or columns. (Naut.) frame A
gauntlet, etc. —
v. t. [gaged (gajd), gaging.] To like a balcony, projecting from a ship's quarter.
bind by pledge, caution, or security; to engage. Galley, gaPTr, n. ; pi. -leys, -liz. (Naut.) low, A
Gage, n. A
measure. See Gauge. flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with
Gaiety, Gaily. Same as Gayety, etc. See under Gay. sails and oars; a light open boat; the cook-room of
Gain, gan, v. t. [gained (gand), gaining.] To get, a ship. (Chem.) An oblong reverberatory furnace,
as a profit or advantage; to acquire, win; to be suc- with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through
cessful in; to win to one's side, conciliate; to reach, lateral openings. (Print.) A
frame or tray for receiv-
attain to, arrive at.— v. i. To have advantage or ing type from the composing-stick. GaPley-slave, —
profit; to grow rich; advance in happiness, etc. n. — n. One condemned to work at the oar on a galley.
Thing gamed; profit; advantage benefit; acquisi- ; GaPeas, GaPleass, -liass, n. vessel larger than a A
tion.— Gain'fiil, -ful, a. Producing profit, advan- galley, and resembling a galleon, formerly used by
tage, or wealth; advantageous; lucrative. Gain'- — the Spaniards and Venetians. GaPiot, GaPliot, n. —
fully, adv. — Gain'fulness, u. — Gain'less, a. Un- A small galley a brigantine, built for chase a Dutch
; ;

profitable. vessel, with main and mizzen masts and a large gaff
Gain, gan, n. (Arch.) A
beveled shoulder of a bind- main-sail. —
GaPleon, n. A
large ship, with 3 or 4
ing joist,_to give resistance to the tenon below. decks, formerly used by the Spaniards in war and
Gainsay, gan-sa' or gan'sa, v. t. [-said (-sad), -say- commerce.
ing.] To contradict, oppose in words. Gallic, gaPlik, -lican, a. Pert, to Gaul or France.—
Gairish, Garish, gar'ish, a. Gaudy; showy; affected- GaPlicism, -lT-sizm, n. A
mode of speech peculiar
ly fine; extravagantly gay; flighty. to the French. —
GaPlicanisra, n. The principles of

6un, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 GALLIUM 158 GAEMENT
the Gallican church, or Roman Catholic church in ored.— v. t. —
To mortify. v. i. To become morti-
France, —
esp. of those -within that church who seek fied or putrescent; to lose vitality.
to maintain its national position against papal en- Gannet. gan'net, n. The Solan goose, a sea-fowl al-
—
croachments, opp. to ultramontanism. Gal'licize, — lied to the pelican.
-slz, v. t. [-cized (-slzd), -cizixg.] To render con- Gantlet, gant'let, -lope,
formable to the French idiom or language. -lop, n. A military or
Gallium, galli-um, n. (Chem.) silver-white, hard A naval punishment in
metal, somewhat malleable, melting at 86° Fahr. which the offender runs
Gallon, gal'lun. n. A
measure of capacity 4 quarts. = between 2 files of men
Galloonr See under Gallant. facing one another, who
Gallop, gallup, v. L [-loped (-lupt), -lopixg.] To strike_him as he passes.
run with leaps or bounds, as a horse; to move very Gaol. jal. Gaoler. See
rapidly. n. — A
mode of running by a quadruped, Jail.
by lifting alternately the fore feet arid the hind feet Gap, gap, n. An opening
together, in successive bounds.— Gallopade. -ad, n. in anything made by
A kind -
of dance; music appropriate to it. Gallop- — breaking or parting; an
ade' v. i. To perf ormthis dance.
. opening for passage or
Gallows, gallus or gal'loz, n. sing. ; pi. -lowses. An entrance; hiatus; an
instrument of execution, consisting of 2 posts and a opening which is irrep- Gannet.
cross-beam on the top, from which a criminal is sus- arable. —Gape. gap. in Eng. pron. gap, r. i. [gaped
pended by a rope round his neck; a like instrument (gapt), gaping.] To open the mouth wide, as, ex-
for suspending anything, pi. pair of suspenders A pressing desire for food; or indicating sleepiness, in-
or braces. difference, dullness; or showing surprise, astonish-
Gaily. See Galley. ment, expectation, etc.; or manifesting a desire to
Galoot, ga-loof. ;;. A
noisv, riotous fellow rowdv. injure, devour, or overcome; to open as a gap; to
[Slang. D. S.]
;

gaze, stare, yawn. n. —

The act of gaping. (Zobl.)
Galvanic, gal-van'ik, a. Pert, to, containing, or ex- The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds,
hibiting, galvan- fishes, etc.
ism. [Fr. Gal- Gar. gar, Gar'fish, n. A slender sea-fish of the pike
vani, of Bologna, family, having a long, pointed head; one of similar
who invented Ms form, with rhombic scales, found in fresh waters.
batteryinl791.]— Garb, garb, n. Clothing; esp. official dress: fashion, or
Galvanic battery. mode of dress: exterior appearance: looks.
An apparatus of Garbage, gar'bej. n. Refuse parts of flesh; offal; any
metals, acids, worthless or offensive matter.
etc., for generat- Garble, gar'bl. i>. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To sift
ing galvanism. — or bolt; to pick out such parts of as may serve a pur-
GaKvanism. -va- Galvanic Battery, pose; to mutilate, corrupt.
Garden, gar'dn. n. A piece of ground for cultivating
,

nizm, n. Electricity developed by chemical action

between different substances without the aid of fric- flowers, or vegetables, etc.; a rich, well-cultivated
tion; science of galvanic electricity.— Gal'vanist. a. -
spot or tract of country. v. i. —
[-dexed (-dnd),
One versed in galvanism. Gal'vanize. v. t. [-ized— i
-dexixg.] To lay out or labor in a garden. — Gar'-
(-izd). -izixg.] To affect with galvanism: to plate dener. -dn-er, n.
with metal, by means of galvanism; to restore to Gargle, gar'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To wash
consciousness by galvanic action. or rinse (the mouth or throat); esp. to hold a me-
Gamble, Gambler^ See under Game. dicinal preparation suspended and agitated in the
Gamboge, gam-booj' or -boj r n. A concrete vegeta- throat.— «. A
liquid preparation for washing the
,

ble juice, or gum-resin, of reddish-yellow color, pro- mouth and throat. —

duced by trees, and used as a pigment. Gar'goyle, -goil, n.
Gambol, gam/bol, v. i. [-boled (-bold), -bolixg.] To (Arch.) Aprojecting
dance about in sport; to frisk.— n. A skipping water-spout, carved
about in frolic; a hop.— Gam'mon. n. A hog's thigh, grotesquely.
pickled and smoked or dried; a smoked ham. v. t. Garish. See'GAircisH.
To make bacon of. (Xaut.) To fasten (a bowsprit Garland, gar'land. n. A
to the stem of a ship). wreath or chaplet of
Game, gam, ». Sport of any kind; jest; frolic a con- : branches, flowers,
trivance, arrangement, or institution, furnishing '

feathers, etc.; a coro- Gargoyle.

sport or amusement use of such a game a sinsle
; : nal; the top; principal thing: thing most prized; a
match at play: contest; thing gained, as the stake collection of little printed pieces an anthology.;

in a game animals pursued by sportsmen scheme

; : (Saut.) A
bag, used by sailors to keep provisions
fmrsued; plan; project. —
a. Ready to fight to the i
in: a ring of rope lashed on a mast. v. t. —
To deck
ast, like a game-cock brave resolute pert, to
; ; with a garland.
those animals hunted for game. v. i. [gamed — ;

Garlic, gar'lik, n. A
garden plant, allied to the onion,
(gamd), gaming.] To play at any sport; to play for having a bulbous root, strong smell, and acrid taste.
a stake or prize: to gamble.— Gam'mon. n. An ifnpo- Garment, gar'ment, ?i. Any article of clothing. —
sition, hoax, humbug: the game of back gammon.— Gar'nish, v. t. [-xfshed '(-nisht), -xishixg.] To
v. t. To beat in back gammon by removing all one's adorn, embellish to furnish, as a fort with troops.
;

counters before one's antagonist has removed any ; (Law.) To warn, give notice to. —n. Decoration;
to impose -on by improbable stories to humbug." : ornament; also, garments, esp. showy ones. (Cook-
Gam'ble, v. i. "[-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To play or eru.) Something set round a dish as an embellish-
game for stakes. Gam 'bier. n. — ment, in jails, fetters also an entrance-fee de-
;

—
Gamin. ga-max r , n. A
neglected city boy. manded by old prisoners of one just committed.
Gammon (of bacon). See under Gambol. — Humbug. Gar'nishee', n. (Law.) One in whose hands the
See under Game. property of another has been attached a trustee.
—
! ;

Gamut, gam'ut, n. (Mus.) The scale. Gar'nishment, n. Ornament: decoration. (Law.)

Gander, gan'der, a. The male of the goose. Legal notice to appear and give information to the
Gang, gang, n. A number going in company; a com- court on any matter; warning to a person, in whose
pany, esp. of disreputable persons: a squad of work- hands the "effects of another are attached, not to
meri; a labor-saving combination of similar imple- pay money or deliver goods, but to appear in court
ments. {Mining.) A gangue. Gangue. gang, n. The — and give information as garnishee. A fee. Gar'ni- —
mineral substance inclosing metallic ore in the vein. ture. -nT-chur. n. That which garnishes: embellish-
Ganglion. gan'glT-un, n. A collection of nerve cells, ment. — Garrison. gSr'rY-sn, n. (Mil.) A body of
giving off nerve fibers. troops in a fort or fortified town, to defend it or to
Gangrene, gan'gren, n. {Med.) The first stage of repress the inhabitants a strong place, in which
mortification of flesh, in which it becomes diseol- troops are quartered for its security.
;

v. t. [gae- —
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; f n, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 GARNER 159 GELATINE
risoned (-snd), -so>-i>'G.] To place troops in (a !
tances, dimensions, or capacity; a standard of any
fortress, etc.) for its defense ; to defend by for- ;
kind; estimate. (Physics.) Apparatus for determin-
tresses manned with troops. ing at any moment the state, or volume, or pressure
Garner, gar'ner, n. A granarv ; place -wherein grain of a fluctuating object, as water, steam, etc. (AauJ.)
—
!

isstored. v. t. [garnered (-nerd), -NEKING.] Position with reference to a vessel and to the wind;
To store in a granarv. j

the depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. The

Garnet, gar'net, n. (}fia.) A
mineral of a deep-red distance between the rails of a railroad. ["When the
color. (Xaut.) A tackle to hoist the cargo. gauge is 4 ft. 8k in. it is called standard gauge ; when
Garnish, Garrison, etc. See under Garment. less, narrow 'gauge.} (Plastering.) The quantity
Garret, gar'ret, n. That part of a house on the upper of plaster of Paris used with common piaster to
floor, immediately under the roof: an attic. hasten its setting; the composition used in finishing
Garrote, gar-rot', «. A
Spanish mode of execution by plastered ceilings, etc.
strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post Gaunt, gant, a. Lean meager pinched and grim. ; ;

and tightened by a screw; instrument by which the Gauntlet, gantlet, n. A

glove with plates of metal
punishment is inflicted. v. t. —[garroted -rot- ; on the back, worn as defensive armor;
ing.] To strangle with the garrote to seize by the ; a long glove, covering the wrist.
throat from behind, to strangle and rob. Gauze, gawz. n. A
very thin, transparent
Garrulons, gar'rob-lus, a. Indulging in long, prosy stuff, of silk, linen, cotton,
talk, with repetition and excessive detail; loqua- wire, etc. —
Gauz'y, -I, a.
cious. —Garru'lity, -ll-tt, n. Quality of being, etc. Pert, to, like, or thin as
Garter, giir'ter, n. A
band to hold up a stocking on gauze.
the leg; the badge of the highest order of knighthood Gave. See Give.
in Great Britain; the order itself. v. t. [gartered — Gavel, gav'el, n. small A Gauntlet.
(-terd), -tering.] To bind with a garter; to invest heap of grain, not tied up;
with the order of the Garter. the mallet of a presiding officer.
Gas, gas or gaz, n. An aeriform elastic fluid illumi- Gavelkind, gav'el-kind, n. (0. Eng. Law.) tenure A
—
natmg gas, a mixture of carbureted hydrogen and
;

|
by which land descended from the father to all his
oleflant gas or bi-carbureted hydrogen, obtained by! sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
distillation of coal. —Gaseous, gaz'e-us or ga'zhus, I
dying without issue, descended equally to his
a. In the form of gas, or an aeriform fluid; lacking brothers.
substance or solidity; tenuous. Gassy, gas'sl, a. —
!

\
Gawk, gawk, n. A
cuckoo a simpleton booby. ; ;
—
Full of gas; inflated; full of ambitious or deceitful Gawk'y, -i, a. [-ier. -iest.] Foolish and awkward;
talk. —
Gas'ify, v. t. [-fied^-IicI), -fying.] To con-
j

clumsy and clownish. n. A fellow awkward from —

vert into gas. —
Gas'olene, -len, -line, -lin, n. high- A being overgrown, or from stupidity.
ly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained Gay, ga, a. Excited with delight; merry; gleeful;
from petroleum, also by distillation of bituminous sprightly jolly
; jovial having many or showy ;

coal. —
Gasom'eter^ gaz-, n. gas-holder. A colors ;
;

dissipated loose lewd.— Gayety, Gaiety,

; ;

Gasconade, gas-kon-ad'', ». A
Doast or boasting ga'e-tl, «. State of being gay; merriment; acts or
vaunt; bravado. —
v. i. To boast, brag, bluster. entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry
Gash, gash, v. t. [gashed (gasht), gashing.] To make delight, —
used often in pi.; finery; show; jollity.
a long, deep incision in. n. —
deep and long cut. A — Gayly, Gaily, ga'lY, adv.
Gasket, gas'ket, n. (Xaut.) A flat, plaited cord to furl Gaze, gaz, v. i. [gazed (gazd), gazing.] To fix the
the sail, or tie it to the yard. (Jlech.) Platted hemp eyes in a steady and earnest look to gape, stare. ;

to pack pistons, as of steam-engines and pumps; any n. A fixed look a look of eagerness, wonder, or
;

ring or washer of packing. admiration object gazed on.

:

Gasp, gasp, v. i. [gashed (gaspt), gasping.] To labor |

Gazelle, ga-zeK, 7i. A small antelope of Asia and N.
for breath, respire convulsively or violently to Africa, remarkable for
—
;

pant with eagerness. v. t. To emit with gaspings. its s wif tne ss, elegant
— n. Alabored respiration; convulsive opening of form, and the soft luster
the mouth for breath. of its eyes.
Gastric gas'trik, a. (An at.) Pert, to the stomach. Gazette, ga-zef, n. A
— Gastfi'tis.?!. (Jled.) Inflammation of the stomach. newspaper; esp., an of-
— Gas'teropod, n. (Zobl.) A molluscous animal (as ficialjournal. —
r. f. To
the snail), having a muscular ventral disk, which announce or publish in
serves in place of feet. —
Gastron'omy, -mT, n. Art a gazette, or officially.
or science of good eating epicurism. ; Gastron''- — — Gaz'etteer'', -ter', n.
omer, n. One fond of good living; an epicure; A writer of news offi- ;

glutton. —
Gastronomic, -ical, a. Pert. to. etc. cer who publishes news
Gate, sat, n. A
passage-way in the wall of a city, field, by authority; a geo-
edifice, etc.: a movable barrier closing an opening in graphical dictionary;
a fence or wall or placed across a road; a frame stop- alphabetical descrip-
ping the passage of water through a dam, lock. etc. tive list.
GazeUe.
an avenue; means of entrance. Gait, gat, n. Walk; — Gear, ger, n. Manufactured stuff or material; goods;
march: way; manner of walking or stepping. clothing; ornaments; dress; horse-tra ppings.
Gather, gat-h/er, v. t. [-ERED(-erd), -ering.1 To bring (Mack.) A toothed wheel, or toothed wheels col-
together, collect, assemble: to harvest, pick, pluck; lectively: connection of toothed wheels with each
to amass in large quantity or numbers to make ; other; gearing, v. t. —
[geared (gerd), gearing.]
compact, consolidate to draw together (a piece of
; To dress, put on gear, harness. Gear'ing, n. Har- —
cloth, by a thread), pucker, plait to derive, as an ; ness. (Much.) Parts by which mo-
inference; to infer, conclude. v. i. To come to- — tion communicated to one portion
gether, congregate: to increase: to come to o head, of a machine is transmitted to an-
as a sore; to draw an inference. n. plait or — A other, considered collectively esp., <>g ;

fold in cloth, made by drawing the thread through a train of wheels lor transmitting *s
it. —Gath'ering, n. That gathered or brought to- and varying motion.
gether, as a crowd, assembly a tumor, suppurated ; Gee. je, v. t. [geed (jed), geeing.]
or maturated; an abscess. To turn to the off-side, i

Gaucherie, gosh're, n. Awkwardness blundering. ; driver (i. <?., in theU

Gaud, gawd, /;. A
piece of worthless finery; a trinket. side), said of cattle, or u l
— Gaud'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Ostentatiously line. Gelatine, jel'u-tin, n. (Chem.) .
An
animal substance which dissolves & P ur rearing,
earill(r
Gauffer, gawf'fer, v. t. To plait, crimp, or flute; to
goffer, as lace. in hot water, and forms a jelly on cooling; animal
Gauge, Gage, gaj. v.t. [gauged (gajd), gauging.] To jellv. Glue and isinglass are forms of gelatine.—
measure or ascertain the contents of, as of a pipe, Gelatinate, je-lat'i-nat, v. t. To convert into gela-
hogshead, etc. to measure the capacity or ability
; tine, or a jelly-like substance. v. i. To be con- —
of; estimate, —n. An instrument to determine dis- verted, etc. —
Gelat'ina'tion, n. Act or process of,

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 GELD 160 GEOCENTRIC
etc.— Gelatinize, or i. [-nized (-nizd), -sizing.]
v. t. tilled from and flavored with juniper-berries
grain,
Same as Gelatinate. —
Gelat'inous, -nus, a. Of or oil of turpentine; gin; Hollands; schiedam.
the nature and consistence of gelatine ; viscous. — Genial, je'nl-al or jen'yal, a. Contributing to, or
Gel'ly, -It, n. Jelly. concerned in, propagation or production genera- ;

Geld, geld, v. t. To castrate, emasculate; to deprive of tive ; kindly ; sympathetically cheerful.

anything essential; to deprive of anything excep- Genie, je'nT, n. One of a fabulous class of beings, re-
tionable, expurgate. —
Gelding, n. Act of castrat- garded by the Arabians as intermediate between
ingi a castrated animal, esp. a horse. angels and men, created of fire, and capable of as-
Gem, jem, n. {Bot.) bud. A
precious stone, esp. A !
suming any form, or of becoming invisible, at pleas-
when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel; any- ure. [See Jinnee.]
thing beautiful, rare, or costly. v. t. [gemmed — Genital, jent-tal, a. Pert, to generation.— Gen Itals,
(jemd), -MING.] To adorn or embellish, as with gems. n.pl. The sexual organs; the privates.— Genltor, n.
—
!

Gem'mate, -mat, a. Having buds; reproducing by One who procreates; a sire; father.— Genitive, -tiv,
buds. —
Gemma'tion, n. {Nat. Hist.) Formation of a n. {Gram.) A
case in the declension of nouns, ex-
—
new individual by the protrusion of part of an ani- ]
pressing the relations expressed in English by of.
mal or plant, whether it becomes free or remains con- a. Pert, to, or indicating, source, origin, possession,
nected with the parent stalk. {Bot.) The arrange- j
etc.— Geniti'val, a. Of the form of, or pert, to, the
ment of buds on the stalk. The period of expan- i genitive case.
sion of buds. Genius, jen'yus, n. ; pi. -iuses, -yus-ez. The peculiar
Gendarme, zhox-darm', n. ; pi. Gens-d'armes or structure of mind with which each individual is en-
Gendarmes, same pron. An armed policeman. dowed by nature; special taste, inclination, or dispo-
Gender, jen'der, n. Sex, male or female. (Gram.) A sition; distinguished mental superiority; esp. supe-
difference in words to express distinction of sex. — ;
rior power of invention or origination of any kind;
v. t. [gendered (-derd), -derixg.] To beget, en- talent a man endowed with uncommon vigor of
—
;

gender. mind; peculiar constitution or character. Genius,

Genealogy, jen-e-al'o-jl, n. An account of the descent !
jelii-us, n. ; pi. -nii, -nl-I. tutelary deity sup- A
of a person or family from an ancestor; a list of an- posed by the ancients to preside over a man's des-
cestors; pedigree; descent from a progenitor; lineage. tiny in life; hence, a supernatural being; a spirit;
Genera, n. ; pi. of Genus. the animating spirit of a people or period.
General, jen'er-al, a. Eelating to a genus or kind Genre, zhoxl, n. A
style of painting, sculpture, etc.,
pert, to a whole class or order comprehending ; representing every-day life and manners.
many species or individuals; not limited to a precise Genteel, jen-teK, a. Possessing or exhibiting the qual-
or detailed import lax in signification
; widely ; ities belonging to high birth and breeding well ;

bred ; eas3 r in manners ; elegant in appearance,

j

spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal:

haying a relation to all common to the whole. ;
— dress, or manner; polite; fashionable.— Gen'tile, -til,
n. The whole; the total, —
used in pi., or in sing, 7i. One of a gentile or non-Jewish nation; a wor-
with the definite article; the chief or superior officer I shiper of false gods, heathen, pagan.— a. Pert, to
in an administration; esp., one of the chief military the nations at large, as disting. fr. the Jews ; of pa-
officers of a country. —
Generally, adv. In gen-
!

gan or heathen people. {Gram.) Denoting a race

eral commonly; upon the whole. Gen'eralness, — j

or country. —
Gen'tilism, -izm, n. Heathenism; pa-
—
;

n. Condition or quality of being general; frequency; ganism worship of false gods.

; Gen'tle, -tl, a.
—
commonness. Generality, -T-tl, n. State of being J
[-tler, -tlest.] Well-born; of good family or re-
general; that which is general; a vague statement spectable birth refined in manners
; not rough,
— ;
i

or phrase the main body, bulk, greatest part. harsh, or severe soothing. Gen'tly, -til, adv.—
—
; ;

Generalize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To bring Genlleness, n. Gentility, -tilt-tt, n. Politeness

under a genus or genera; to use with a more exten- of manner; graceful and easy mien; state or quality
sive application to make universal in application, of being genteel.— Genllefolk, -f ok, -folks, -foks, n.
—
;
j

as a formula or rule ; to derive, as a genus, or as a pi. Persons of good breeding and family. Gen'-
general conception, or general principle. v. i. To — tleman, n. ; pi. -men. A
man who is well born, or of
form classes or genera to take general or compre-
; !
good family one of gentle or refined manners,
;

hensive views. fentian, jen'shan, n. {Bot.)

Gentian, plant whose root has A
Generate, jen'er-at, v. t. To beget, procreate, propa- a yellowish-brown color, and very bitter taste, and
gate, engender; to cause to be, bring into life; to j
is used as an ingredient in stomachic bitters.
originate, esp. by a vital or chemical process to Genuine, jenli-in, a. Pert, to or proceeding from,
produce, cause. —
Gen'erable, a. Genera lion, n. — ;

;
the original stock; not spurious, false, or adulter-
Act of, etc. origination by some process, math-
; , ated authentic; real; pure.
;

ematical, chemical, or -vital production forma- ; ;

I

Genus, jelius, n. ; pi. Genera, jen'e-ra. {Logic.) A

tion thing generated progeny offspring
; ; a sin- ; ; class of objects divided into several subordinate spe-
gle step or stage in the succession of natural de- cies. {Science.) An assemblage of species possess-
scent; the mass of beings living at one period; the ing certain characters in common, by which they
ordinary interval of time at which one rank follows are distinguished from all others, subordinate to —
another, or father is succeeded by child; an age; tribe and sub-tribe. —
Generic, -ical, -nSrlk-al, a.
race; kind; breed; stock. {Geom.) Formation or Pert, to a genus or kind comprehensive. ;

production of any geometrical magnitude, by the Geocentric, je-o-senlrik, -trical, a. {Astron.) Having
motion of a point or other magnitude. {Physiol.) reference to the earth as center; in relation to or
The aggregate of the functions and phenomena seen from the earth, —
disting. fr. heliocentric, as
which attend reproduction. seen from the sun: having reference to the center of
Generic, Generically, etc. See under Genus. the earth. —
Geod'esy, -od'e-st, n. {Math.) That
Generous, jen^er-us, a. Exhibiting those qualities be- branch of surveying which allows for the curvature
longing to hisrh birth; noble; magnanimous; free to of the earth, as in surveys of states, or of long lines
give. —
Gen'eroslty, n. Quality of being generous; of coast.— Geoglaphy, -ft, n. Science or description
nobleness of birth or of soul; magnanimity; liberal- of the world, its inhabitants, divisions, governments,
ity; munificence. products, etc. —
Geographic, -ical, -graflk-al, a.
Genesis, jen'e-sis, n. Act of producing, or giving birth Pert, to geography. —
Geographer, -fer, n. One
or origin to anything; production; formation; origi- versed in, etc.— Geol'ogy, -jT, n. Science of the struc-
nation; the 1st book of the Old Testament. {Geom.) ture and mineral constitution of the globe, the causes
Same as Generation. of its physical features, and its history. Geologic, —
Genet, Jennet, jen'et, n. A small-sized, well-propor- -ical, -lojlk-al, a. Pert, to, etc. Geol'ogize, v. i. —
tioned, Spanish horse. [-gized (-jizd), -gizing.] To study geology, make
Genet, Genette, jennet or je-nef, n. carnivorous A feoiogical investigations.— Geometry, -trT, n. That
animal, allied to the civet, of gray color, spotted and ranch of mathematics which investigates the rela-*
banded with black or brown, found in southern Eu- tions, properties, and measurement of solids, sur-
rope, Africa, and Asia; its fur; cat-skin, when made faces, lines, and angles.— Geomet lie, -rical, a. Pert.,
into muffs, etc., to imitate skins of the genet. or according to, the rules or principles of geometry;
Geneva, je-ne'va, n. A
strongly alcoholic spirit dis- determined by geometry, —
often used in a techiii-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, or
 GERANIUM 161 GIRAFFE
cal sense, as opp. to mechanical. Geometrically, — taunt, —n. An expression of censure mingled with
adv. —
Geom'etri'cian, -trish'an, n. geometer. A — contempt; railing.
Geor'gic, j6r r jik, n. A
rural poem poetical com- ; Giblets, jib'lets, n. pi. The eatable parts of a fowl
position on husbandry. which are removed before cooking.
Geranium, je-ra'ni-um, n. A genus of plants having a Giddy, gid'dl, a. [-dier, -diest.] Having in the head
beak-like torus or receptacle,— called also crane's-bill: a sensation of whirling or reeling about light- ;

many of the cultivated pelargoniums are called gera- headed; dizzy; inducing giddiness; bewildering on
niums. account of rapidity; gyratory; inconstant; unstable;
Germ, jerm, n. {Physiol.) That which is to develop changeable; wild; thoughtless; excited, v. i. To —
an embryo; an ovary; bud. That from which any- reel. —v. t. To make dizzy, render unsteady.
thing springs origin ;first principle.
; Ger'man, — Gift. See under Give.
-main', -mane', -man'', a. Nearly related; closely Gig, gig, n. A
top or whirligig; a light, one-horse car-
akin; closely allied; appropriate; relevant. Cousins riage, with one pair of wheels. (Naut.) A ship's
german. Cousins having 'the same grandfather.—
— wherry, or long, light boat. A
playful or wanton
Ger'minal, -mt-nal, a. Pert, to a germ. Ger'mi- person a rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth,
;

nant, a. Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.— for teaseling woolen

Ger'minate, -nat, v. i. To sprout, bud, shoot. v. i. — cloth ; a dart or har-
To cause to sprout. poon ; fishgig.
German, jer'man, a. Pert, to Germany.— n. ; pi. Ger- Gigantean, Gigantic. See ^^Mfj^^i___^!^s==^
mans. A native or inhabitant of Germany; the Ger- under Giant. === *"
^^S@2^fiHh
man language; a dance, including a waltz movement Giggle, gig'gl, n. A kind iFpfft^H/jw
and variable figures; a party at which it is danced.
A
of laugh, with short
catches of the voice or ^Ci7 H@^
\^nS^/ j
Gerund, jer'und, n. {Lat. Gram.) kind of verbal []_
neuter noun, governing cases like a participle.— breath. — v. i. [gig-
|

n
—
.

Lrl S-
Gerund'ive, -iv, n. The future passive participle. gled (-gld), -gling.]
Gestation, jes-ta'shun, n. The act of carrying young To laugh in a half suppressed or silly manner ; to
in the womb; pregnancy; passive exercise, in which titter.
one is carried about. —
Gesture, jes'chur, n. mo- A Gild, gild, v. t. [gilded or gilt; gilding.] To over-
tion of the body or limbs expressing sentiment or lay or overspread with a thin covering of gold; to
passion or emphasizing an argument or assertion. — cover with a gold-like color; to illuminate, brighten;
v. t. and i. [gestured (-churd), -uring.] To gestic- to give a fair external appearance to. Gild'Ing, n. —
ulate. — Gesticulate, -lat, v. i. To make gestures or Art or practice of overlaying things with gold leaf
motions, as in speaking. —
v. t. To represent by ges- or a coating of gold; a thin surface of gold covering
ture; to act. —
Gestic'ula'tion, n. Act of gesticula- some other substance. Gilt, n. —
Gilding.
ting; a gesture; antic tricks or motions. Gill, gil, n. (Physiol.) A
fimbriated organ of respira-
Get, get, v. t. [imp. got, obs. gat; p.p. got, obsoles- tion, in fishes and other water animals. The flap be-
cent gotten; getting.] To procure, obtain, gain low the beak of a bird; the flesh on the lower part of
possession of, acquire, come by, win; to have, pos- the cheeks, or under the chin.
sess, —
used only with have and. had ; to beget, pro- Gill, jil, n. A
measure of capacity l-4th of a pint. =
create; to learn, commit to memory; to prevail on, Gill, ]il, n. Ground-ivy; malt liquor medicated with
persuade; to procure to be, or to occur, with a fol- — ground-ivy; a young woman; a sportive girl.
lowing participle to betake, carry,
; in a reflexive — Gillie, Gilly, gil'li, n. A
boy; page; menial; in Scot.,
use. v.i. To make acquisition, gain ; to fall or a gamekeeper, or sportsman's attendant.
bring one's self into a state or condition to come to ; Gillyflower, iiKlt-flow'er, n. A
name for various cru-
be, become, —with a following adjective belonging ciferous plants, as the stock, clove-pink, etc.
to the subject of the verb. —
Get'-up, n. General Gilt. See under Gild.
composition or structure; manner in which parts of Gimbal, gim'bal, n. A combination of rings for sus-
a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress. pending anything, as a com-
Gewgaw, gu'gaw, n. A showy trifle, toy, bauble. pass, so that it may keep a con-
Geyser, gi'ser, n. An eruptive boiling spring, com- stant position. Girn'mal, n. —
mon in Iceland. Joined work whose parts move
Ghastly, gast'li, a. [-lier. -liest.] Death-like; pale; within each other, as a bridle
horrible; shocking; dreadful. adv. In a ghastly — bit or interlocked rings;
manner; hideously. quaint piece of machinery.
Gherkin, ger'kin, n. A
small species of cucumber Gimcrack, jim'krak, n. A trivial r;mh„,
crimuai.
used for pickling. mechanism; a device; toy.
Ghost, gost, n. The spirit; the soul of man; the soul Gimlet, gim'let, n. A small instrument for boring
of a deceased person; an apparition; any faint sem- holes by turning it with the hand.
blance, —
as, the ghost of a chance. Ghostly, -It, a. — Gimmal. See under Gimbal.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; Gimp, gimp, n. A kind of silk, woolen, or cotton
pert, to apparitions. twist or edging, for trimming dresses, etc.
Ghoul, gool, An imaginary being among Eastern na-
n. Gin, jin, n. An alcoholic liquor; geneva (which see).
tions, which preys upon human bodies.
j

Gin, jin, n. A
machine by which mechanical powers
Giant, ji'ant, n. A man of extraordinary bulk and are employed in aid of human strength esp. a ma- ;

stature; a person of extraordinary powers, bodily or chine for raising weights, also for separating the
intellectual. —
a. Like a giant; extraordinary in seeds from cotton; a snare; trap. v. t. [ginned
size or strength. —
Gi'antess, n. female giant.— A (jind), -ning.] To clear of seeds by a machine; to
Gi'ant-pow'der, n. Dynamite: see Nitro-glycer- catch in a trap.
ine. — Gi'gante'an, ji'gan-te'an, Gigan'tic, a. Of Ginger, iin'jer, n. A plant of the E.
extraordinary size; mighty. and W. Indies, whose hot and spicy
Gib, jib, n. A piece or slip, in a machine or structure, root is used in cookery and medi-
to hold other parts or together, keep them in place, cine.— Gingerbread, n. Sweet cake
— usually held in place by a wedge, key, or screw. flavored with ginger.
Gibber, gib'ber, [-bered (-berd), -Bering.] To
v. i. Gingerly, jin'jer-lT, adv. Nicely;
speak rapidly and inarticulately. — Gib'berish, n. cautiously: daintily.
Rapid talk; unmeaning words, — a. Unmeaning. Gingham, g'ing'am, n. cotton cloth, A
Gibbet, jib'bet, n. A
kind of gallows, an upright post the yarn of which is dyed before
with an arm projecting from the top; weaving.
the projecting beam of a crane, on which
vhich T^Tf Ginseng, jin'seng, n. A plant whose
the pulley is fixed, —v. t. To hang root is valued as a medicine among
a gibbet; to expose to infamy. the Chinese.
Gibe, jib, v. i. [gibed (jibd), gibing..] To
rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic won
ords;
^JL_
^^(p
Gip, jip, v. t. To take out the entrails
of (herrings).
to flout, fleer, scoff, v. t. —
To deride,
Gibbet.
Gipsy. See Gypsy.
r
Giraffe.
scoff at', treat' with sarcastic reflections. Giraffe, jt- or zhe-raf , n. An African

aim, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbou , chair, get.
11
 GIRD 162 GLISTEN
quadruped, whose fore legs are much longer than sudden darting of the sight brief turning of the ;

the hinder ones; the camelopard,— the tallest of attention to a thing. (Min.) Any mineral having
animals. a metallic or semi-metallic luster. v. i. [glanced —
Gird, gerd, n. The stroke of a rod; a severe twitch or (glanst), glancing.] To dart a ray of light; to fly
pang; a cut, sarcastic remark, gibe.— v. t. To strike, off obliquely from an object struck; to snatch a mo-
gibe. —
v. i. To gibe, sneer, Jest scornfully, utter mentary or hasty view; to make an incidental or
sarcasms. passing" reflection, allude; to be visible only for an
Gird, gerd, v. t. [girded or girt; girding.] To en- instant at a time; to twinkle.— v. t. To shoot or dart
ciicle with any flexible band; to make fast, as cloth- suddenly or obliquely.
ing, by binding with a cord, bandage, etc.; to sur- Gland, gland, n. (Anat.) A
simple or complex organ
round, dress, invest. —
Gird'er, w.. (Arch.) Amain tor secreting, absorbing, or changing some peculiar
beam in a wall, floor, etc., to support a structure or substance from the blood or animal fluids. (Bot.) A
weight, or to bind others together. (Enain.) Any cellular spot or prominence which secretes^il or aro-
simple or compound beam supported at both ends.— ma; any very small prominence. (Steam Mach.) The
Girdle, -1, n. That which girds or encircles esp. a ; cover of a stuffing-box. (Mach.) cross-piece or A —
band encircling the bodv and binding together the clutch for engaging machinery moved by belts.
clothing.— v. t. [girdled (-did), -ling.] To bind Glans, w. (Anat.) The vascular body forming the
with a belt or sash, gird; to inclose, environ; to make apex of the penis. (Med.) An enlargement of the
a circular incision through (the bark and alburnum thyroid gland bronchocele goiter a pessary. —
of a tree), to kill it. —
Girt, gert, v. t. To gird, sur-
;

Gland'ular, -ulous, -lus, a. Containing, consisting

; ;

round. —Girt, Girth, gerth, n. A band encircling of, or like glands. —

Gland'ers, n. (Far.) highly A
the body; esp. one by which a saddle is fastened contagious disease of the mucous membrane in
upon a horse's back; the measure round the body; horses.
the circumference of anything. Glare, glar, n. A
bright, dazzling light; a fierce, pier-
Girl, gerl, n. A female child, or young woman.— Girl'- cing look. —v. i. [glared (glard), glaring.] To
hood,w. The state or time of being a girl.— GirPish, shine with a clear, bright, dazzling light to look :

a. Like or befitting a girl pert, to a woman's youth. with fierce, piercing eyes to be ostentatiously
;

—
;

Gist, jist or jit, n. The main point of a question; point P)lendid. v. t. To shoot out, or emit (light). —a.
on which an action rests; pith of a matter. olished so as to reflect light brightly smooth ; ;

Give, giv, v. t. [imp. gave (gav); p.p. given (giv'n); slippery; glib.
giving.] To bestow without receiving a return; to Glass, glas, v. A
hard, brittle, transparent substance,
impart (a possession); to grant (authority or permis- formed by fusing silica with fixed alkalies, etc.; any-
sion); to yield possession of, pay; to communicate thing made of glass,— esp. a looking-glass; mirror; a
or announce (tidings); to render or utter (an opin- glass filled with running sand for measuring time, or
ion, judgment, sentence, shout, etc.); to permit, al- the time in which a glass is exhausted of its sand a ;

low, license; to exhibit as a product or result, pro- drinking-glass; tumbler an optical glass; lens; spy-
duce; to devote, apply, —v. ?. To yield to force or glass —
in pi. spectacles. barometer.
;

v. t. A —
pressure; to move, recede. Giv'er, n. — Gift, n. —
;

[glassed (glast), glassing.] To see, as in a glass ;

Anything given or bestowed some quality or en-
; reflect, as in a mirror; to cover with glass; glaze. —
dowment given to man by God. (Law.) volun- A Glaze, v. t. [glazed (glazd), glazing.] To furnish
tary transfer of real or personal property, without with glass, as a window; to cover or overlay with a
any consideration. Present; donation; grant; bene- vitreous or shining substance; to vitrify the surface
faction; boon; gratuity; talent; faculty. v. t. To — of: to render smooth or glossy. v. i. To assume a —
endow with some power or faculty. glassy luster. —
n. The vitreous coating of pottery
Gizzard, giz'zerd, n. An enlarged part of the ali- or porcelain; glazing. (Cookery.) Broth boiled down
mentary canal in birds, having strong muscular to a gelatinous paste, to put on braised dishes. —
walls. Glaz'er, n. A
worlftnan who glazes pottery, etc.; a
Glacial, gla'shal, «. Pert, to ice or its action icy ; calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, etc. a ;

esp. pertaining to glaciers. (Chem.) Having a wooden wheel covered with emery or with an alloy-
glassy appearance, as crystals. —
Glacier, gla'ser or ring of lead and tin, for polishing cutlery, etc.
glas'i-Sr, n. A
mass of ice, or snow and ice, formed Gla'zier, -zher, n. One whose business is to set glass.
in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly — Glazing, n. Act or art of setting glass, or of
—
down mountain slopes or valleys. Glacis, gl a 'sis or crusting with a vitreous substance, or of polishing,
gla-ses', n. An easy, insensible slope; esp. (Fort.), smoothing, or rendering glossy; glass or glass-like
an earthen parapet to the covered way. substance with which any surface is incrusted or
Glad, glad, a. [gladder; -dest.] Well contented; joy- overlaid.
ous; pleased; wearing agay or bright appearance sex- Gleam, glem, n. A shoot of light; beain; ray; bright-
pressing or exciting joy; cheering; ani- ness; splendor, —v. i. [gleamed (glemd"), gleam-
mating. —
v. t. To make glad, affect ing.] To shoot, or dart (light) to shine, cast light; ;

with pleasure, cheer, gladden.— Glad'- to glimmer, glitter.

den, -dn, v. t. [-dened (-dnd), -den- Glean, glen, v. t. or i. [gleaned (glend), gleaning.]
in g.] To make glad, cheer, please, ex- To gather (stalks or ears of grain left by the reap-
hilarate. — v. i. To be or become glad. ers); to gather with patient and minute labor.
— Glad'ly, -IT, adv. —
Glad'ness, n. — Glebe, gleb, n. Turf soil ground. (Feci. Law.)
; ;

Glad'some, -sum, a. Pleased; joyful; Land belonging to a parish church or benefice.

causing joy; pleasing. —
Glad'somely, Glee, gle, n. Joy merriment esp. mirth at a feast.
; ;

adv. (Mm.) A
composition for S or more voices, gen-
Glade, glad, n. An open passage through, erally of a light and secular character. Glee'ful, —
or grassy opening in, a wood. -ful, a. Merry; gay; joyous.
Gladiate, glad'I-at, a. (Bot.) Sword- Glen, glen, n. A
secluded and narrow valley a dale. ;

shaped, as the leaf or legume of a Glib, glib, a. [glibber, -best.] Smooth; slippery;
plant. —Glad'ia'tor, -ter, n. sword- A voluble; easily moving; fluent: flippant.
player; prize-fighter; esp. in ancient Glide, glid, v. i. To move gently or smoothly; to pass
Rome, one who fought publicly in the rapidly and easily, as over a smooth surface.
arena. —GladPolus, -o-lus, n. flow- A Glim, glim, n. A
light or candle. Glim'mer, v. i. —
ering plant of many species having [-mbred (-merd), -mering.J To give feeble or scat-
bulbous roots and gladiate leaves. tered rays of light, shine faintly, gleam, glitter. n. —
Glair, gl£r, n. The white of an egg any A faint light feeble, scattered rays of light.
;
—
viscous, transparent substance. v. t. — ;

Glimpse, glimps, n. A
sudden flash; short, hurried
[glaired (glard), glairing.] To view. —v. i. To appear by glimpses, —v. t. To catch
smear with, etc. a glimpse of, see by glimpses.
Glamour, gla'moor or glam'er, n. Witch- Glint, glint, n. A
glimpse; glance; gleam, —v. i. To
ery, or a charm on the eyes, making glance; peep forth.
them see things falsely. Glisten, glis'n, v. i. [-tened (-nd), -tening.] To
Glance, gla A sudden shoot of light; sparkle or shine; esp., to shine with a subdued and

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; Snd, eve, tSmi ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 GLITTER 163 GOAT
fitful luster. — Glister, v. [-tered i. (-terd), -ter- ing.] To
join with glue; to hold together, unite.
—
!

ing.] To be bright, sparkle, shine, glisten. Gluten, n. (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious sub-
Glitter, glitter, v.'i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To stance which gives adhesiveness to dough. Glu''- —
sparkle with light to be showy, specious, or strik- ; tinous, -nus, a. Like glue; viscous; tenacious.
ing to gleam, shine, glare.— n.
; bright, spark- A Glum, glum, a. Sullen; moody; silent.
ling light; brilliancy; luster. Glume, glum, n. (Bot.) bract, scale, orA
Gloaming, glom/ing, n. Twilight; dusk. j
husk, covering the flower or seed of grain
Gloat, glot, v. i. To look steadfastly, gaze with ma- ! or grasses.
lignant satisfaction, or passionate desire. Glut, v. t. To swallow greedily, gorge; to
A
]

Globe, glob, n. round or spherical body ball ; satiate, sate.— n. Thing swallowed down;
sphere; orb; anything nearly spherical in shape; the !
full supply supply beyond sufficiency
;

earth a sphere on which is a map of the earth or or to loathing a large wooden wedge
;
;

— —
I

of the heavens. Globose', -bos', Glo'bous, -bus, used in splitting blocks. Glut' ton, -tn,
GlobtUar, a. Round spherical, or nearly so. ;
— I

I n. One who eats voraciously; a gorman-

Globosity, -b5s r I-tT, n. Quality of being round dizer; one eager to excess. (Zobl.) car- A
sphericity. — Globe'-fish, n. A
;

nivorous mammal; the wolverine. — Criume.

fish which, by inflating an ab- Gluttonous, -tn-us, a. Pert, to a glutton or to glut-
dominal sac, can swell out I tony; given to excessive eating. Gluttony, -I, n. —
its body to a globular shape. Act or practice of a glutton; excess in eating; vo-
— Globtile, -ul, n. A little racity.
globe; a small particle of Gluten. See under Glue.
spherical form.— Glom'erate, Glycerine, glis'er-in, n. (Chem.) sweet viscid A
-er-at, v. t. To gather or wind liquid, formed from fatty substances, and consist-
into a ball. Glomeration, — m~\*~
UloDe-nsn. «^ ing of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
n. Act of gathering or form- ;
Gnarl, narl, v. i. [gnarled (narld), gnarling.] To
ing into a spherical body; thing formed into a ball. growl, murmur, snarl.
Gloom, gloom, n. Partial or total darkness dimness ; ; Gnarl, narl, n. A
knot in wood.
obscurity cloudiness or heaviness of mind aspect Gnash, nash, v. t. [gnashed (nasht), gnashing.] To
of sorrow dullness
;

dejection sadness.
;
v. i. ; ;
—
;

strike together, as in anger or pain. v. i. To grind —

[gloomed (gloomd), gloo'mixg.] To shine obscure- or strike together the teeth.
ly, glimmer appear dark, dismal, or gloomy.
to — Gnat, nat, n. A
small dipterous insect, some species —
v. t.
;

To render gloomy, make sad or sullen. — blood-suckers, others injurious to vegetation.

Gloom'y, -T, a. [gloomier, -iest.] Imperfectly il- Gnaw, naw, £. t. [gnawed (nawd), gnawing.] To
luminated dim dismal affected with, or express- bite off little by little; to wear away by scraping
; ;

ing gloom; heavy of heart; moody; sullen morose.

;

; with the teeth; to corrode, fret away. — v. i. To use

Glory, glotl, n. Praise, honor, etc., accorded by com- the teeth in biting; to bite repeatedly.
mon consent; reputation; fame; an object o£ pride Gneiss, nis, n. (Oeol.) A
schistose rock, consisting
or boast; occasion of praise; pride; boastfulness; the of quartz, feldspar, and mica or hornblende.
presence of the divine Being; celestial honor; heaven. Gnome, nom, n. An
imaginary being, supposed to
(Paint.) A
halo around the head or entire person. inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and guard
— v. i. [gloried (-rid), -rying.] To exult with joy, mines, quarries, etc.; a dwarf; goblin.
rejoice to boast, be proud of.
; Glolious, -rl-us, a. — Gnomon, no'raon, n. (Dialing.) The style or pin of
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts worthy of a sun-dial, whose shadow shows the hour of day;
glory noble illustrious magnificent splendid the index of the hour-circle of a globe. Gnostic, —
;

eager .for distinction.

;

Gloliously, -II, adv. Glo'- — ; ;

— ;

n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the first ages of

rify, -rl-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make Christianity, whose system combined oriental the-
glorious by bestowing glory upon; to render worthy ology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
of praise to render homage to, worship, adore.
;
— Christianity. —
a. Pert, to the Gnostics or their
Glorification, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. doctrines.
Gloss, glos, n. Brightness or luster from a smooth Gnu, nu, n. A
S. African antelope, having a horse's
surface; polish; a specious appearance, representa- neck, body, and tail,
tion, and interpretation. — v. t. [glossed (glost), and single, recurved
glossing.] To make smooth and shining, render horns.
specious and plausible. — v. i. To make sly remarks. Go, go, v. i. [imp. went;
— Gloss'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.] Smooth and shining; p. p. gone going.]
;

specious; plausible. — Glossiness, n. To pass from one

Gloss, glos, n. Comment; explanation; interpretation place to another to
or exposition of a passage, book, etc. v.t. To il- — proceed, advance,—
;

lustrate, explain.— v. i. To comment, make ex- employed in the most

planatory remarks. Gloss'arist, n. A writer of — various applications
glosses or of a glossary. Gloss'ary, -rl, n. vo- — A of the movement of
cabulary of words requiring elucidation. animate and inani-
Glottis, glottis, n. (Anat.) The narrow opening at mate beings, and of
the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal movements of the Gnu.
cords. —
Glottal, a. Pert, to, etc. mind; to walk; to pass, circulate; to be with Young,
Glove, gluv, n. A
cover for the hand, with a separate be pregnant, gestate; to pass away, leave, depart;
sheath for each finger, v. t. [gloved (gluvd), — to be lost or ruined, perish, die. ?;, t. —
To take (a
gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove. share in an enterprise);
Glow, glo, v. i. [glowed (glod), glowing.] To shine to bear a part in. n. A —
with an intense or white heat; to be bright or red circumstance; fashion or
with animation, blushes, etc. to feel hot, as the ; mode;_noisy merriment.
skin; to feel the heat of passion, —n. Shining heat, Goad, god, n. A pointed
or white heat; incandescence; brightness of color; instrument to urge on a
redness; intense excitement or earnestness.— Glow-- beast; anything that
worm, n. A coleopterous insect: the female, which stimulates. —
v. t. To ,

is wingless, emits, at night, a green light from the prick, drive with a goad,
extremity of the abdomen. arouse, instigate.
Glucose, gfu'kos, n. soft, cheap sugar, made fromA Goal, gol, n. Ihe point set
starch, etc., by aid of sulphuric acid, etc.; found to bound a race; mark;
also, in fruits, honey, and urine of diabetes; grape end or final purpose. Goat's Head.
sugar; starch sugar; diabetic sugar. Goat, got, n. A
mammif-
Glue, glu, n. A
hard, brittle gelatine, obtained by erous quadruped, having cloven hoofs, and chew-
boiling the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals: when. ing the, cud, —
allied to the sheep. —Goatee'', n.
heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenacious, Part of the beard left depending from the chin, re-
and is used as a cement. v. t. [glued (glud), glu- — sembling a goat's.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 GOB 164 GOURMAND
Gcb, gob, n. A
small quantity; mouthful; the mouth; shrub; the shrub itself, found in all temperate re-
spittle or saliva. —
Gob'ble, v. t. [-bled (-bid), gions.
-3LIXG.] To swallow hastily, eat down voraciously. Gopher, go'fer, re. A burrowing animal of several
— v. i. To make a noise like a turkey-cock. Gob'- — kinds, — pouched rat, squirrel, land-tortoise, etc.
bler, re. A
greedy eater; gormandizer; a turkey-cock. Gopher, go'fer, re. A species of wood used in build-
Goblet, goblet, n. A
drinking vessel without a ing Noah's ark.
handle. Gordian, g&r'dl-an. a. Pert, to Gordius, king of Phr3r -
Goblin, goblin, re. An evil spirit frightful phan- ; gia, or to a knot tied by him, which could not be un-
tom; gnome; elf. tied, but was cut by Alexander the Great; hence, in-
God, god, re. An object of worship; a divinity; deity; tricate; complicated; difficult.
the Supreme Being Jehovah. God'ly, -IT, a. — Gore, gor, n. Blood thick or clotted blood. Gor'y, —
—
; ;

Reverencing God, His laws, etc.; pious; righteous; -T, a. Covered with gore bloody murderous.
conformed to God's laws. — Godlike, a. God'less, — Gor'-crow, re. The common or carrion crow.
; ;

a. Having, or acknowledging, no God ungodly; Gore, gor, re. A

wedge-shaped piece of cloth, sewed
wicked. — God'dess, re. A female deity. God r -
;

— into a garment, etc., to give greater width at a par-

child, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor ticular part a triangular piece of land.
; v. t. To —
at baptism. daughter, -daw-ter, re. girl for A cut in triangular form.
whom, etc. God'father, re.— man who becomes A Gore, gor, v. t. [gored (gord), goring.] To pierce,
sponsor. —
God'head, re. Deity divinity divine ; ; stab.
nature or essence a god or goddess the Deity Gorge, g6ri, re. The throat; gullet; a narrow passage,
—
; ; ;

God the Supreme Being.

; God'mother, n. A as, a defile between mountains, or entrance into an
woman who becomes sponsor.— God'send. n. Some- outwork of a fort; that which is swallowed, esp. by
thing sent by God; an unexpected acquisition or a hawk. v. t. —
[gorged (g6rjd), gorging.] To
piece of good' fortune. —
Good r -by, -bye, good-bir , re. swallow; esp., to swallow with greediness; to glut,
or interj. Farewell, —
a form of address at parting. satiate. v. i. —
To feed greedily. Gor'get, -jet, re. —
[Contr. of God be with you.] Gos'pel. u. Glad tid- — A piece of armor defending the throat or neck. (Mil.)
ings, esp. concerning Christ and his salvation; one A pendent metallic ornament, worn by officers.
of the historical narratives of Christ's life; a sys- (Surg.) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. —
tem of religious truth or doctrine.— Gos'sip," re. Gor'geous, -jus, a. Imposing through splendid or
Orig. a sponsor; a comrade; an idle tattler; tattle; various colors showy fine.
— v. ; ;

rumor. i. To prate, tattle. Gorgon, gor'gon, re. (Myth.) A maiden of terrific

Goggle, gog'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To strain aspect, whose sight turned the beholder to stone.
or roll the eyes. —
a. Full and rolling or staring, Anything very ugly or horrid.
— said of the eyes. n. — A
strained or affected roil- Gorilla, go-ril'la, re. An ape, of tropical Africa, of
ing of the eye." pi. kind of spectacles. A great size, strength, and fe-
Goiter, -tre, goi'ter, n. (Med.) Bronchocele an en- ; rocity.
largement of the thyroid gland. Gormand, gor'mand, Gourmand,
Gold, gold, re. A
precious metal, of reddish yellow col- goor'mand, re. A glutton. —
or and metallic luster, ductile and malleable; mon- Gor'mandize, v. i. or t. [-dized
ey; wealth; a yellow color like that of the metal. — (-dizd). -dizixg.] To eat greed-
Gold'en, -n, a. Made of, consisting of, or of the ily, feed ravenously. Gor'- —
color of, gold; very precious. mandiz'er, re. Gourmet. —
Gondola, gon'do-la, re. A
long, narrow, flat-bottomed goor'ma, re. connoisseur in A
pleasure-boat eating and drinking. [F.]
used at Venice ; Gorse. g6rs, ?;. A thick, prickly
in U. S., a plat- shrub, bearing yellow flowers Gorilla
form car, used on in early spring furze whin. ; ;

railroads. G o n- — Gory. See under Gore.

'

/r
dolier',-ler , n. A Gosling. See under Goose.
man who rows a Gospel, Gossip. See under God.
gondola. Gossamer, gos'sa-mer, n. A filmy substance, like cob-
Gone. See Go. webs, floating in the air. Gos'samer'y, -meVT, a. —
Gong, gong, n. A Like gossamer; flimsy; unsubstantial.
circular instru- Got, Gotten. See Get.
ment of copper Goth, goth, re. One of an ancient Teutonic race, who
and tin, produ- overran the Roman empire a bar-
cing, when struck,
Gondola.
barian; rude, ignorant person.
;

—
a loud, harsh Goth'ic, a. Pert, to the Goths.
sound; a stationary call-bell. (Arch.) Pert, to a style of architec-
Good, go~6d, a. [better; best.] Possessing desirable ture with high, s'harply-pointed
qualities; wholesome; adapted to the end designed; arches, clustered columns', etc.: see
fiossessing moral excellence or virtue; kind; benevo- Capital. Rude ; barbarous. n. —
ent; suited; clever; skillful, followed esp. by at; — The language of the Goths. (Print.)
adequate; sufficient, —
in a commercial sense, hav- A style of square-cut type, with no
ing pecuniarv ability: considerable; full complete ; ; hair lines.
fair; honorable.— re. That which possesses desirable
qualities, pi-omotes success or happiness, is service-
§^= The Type called GOTHIC.
able, fit, excellent, etc.: welfare; prosperity: benefit. — Gothlcism, -T-sizm, re. A Gothic
pi. Wares, commodities, chattels. adv. Well — ; idiom conformity to the Gothic
;

equally well; to a good degree; style of building; rudeness of man-

quite considerably.
; Good r - — ners; barbarousness. Goth'icize, —
ness, re. State of being good ; ?>. t. [-cized (-sizd), -cizing.] To
excellence; virtue; kindness.— make Gothic or barbarous.
GOOd'ly, -IT, a. [-LIER. -LIEST.] Gouge, gowj, in Eng. gooj, n. A chisel,
Pleasant agreeable comely;
; ; with a semi-cylindrical blade. v. t. —
graceful; portly; large. [gouged (gowjd), gouging.] To
Good-by. See under God. scoop out with a gouge; to force out
Goose, goos, re.,- pi. Geese, ges. (the eye of a person) with the thumb
A large web-footed fowl, mi- or finger ; to cheat.
gratory when wild, living on Goose Gourd, gord, n. A rapid-growing cu
land and eating grass when do- curbitaceous plant, bearing a one- French Gothic
mesticated; a tailor's smoothing iron, whose handle celled, many-seeded, hard-shelled Window, Tour,
resembles a goose's neck a simpleton; a game of fruit which, when dry, is used for
: nay Cathedral.
—
;

chance. Gos'ling, gozling, re. A young goose. dippers, bottles, etc.

Gooseberry, gooz'bgr-rT, re. The fruit of a thorny Gourmand, Gourmet. See under Gormand
am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; 8nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, Or
 GOUT 165 G-RANT
Gout, gowt, n. {Med.) painful constitutional dis- A growing from such shoot. —
v. t. To insert, as a cut-
ease inflammation of the joints, esp. of the great ting from one tree in a branch or stem of another; to
—
;

toe. Gout'y, -T, a. Diseased with, subject to, or implant or incorporate, as a bud upon a stem. —v. i.
pert, to, etc. — Goutiness, n. To insert scions from one tree into another.
Gout, goo, n. Taste; relish. Grain, gran, n. A kernel, esp. of corn, wheat, etc.;
Govern, guv'grn, v. t. [-erned (-ernd), -erning.] the fruit of certain kindred food plants, viz., corn,
To regulate by authority; to influence, direct, man- wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., —
used collectively;
age. {Gram.) To require to be in a particular case. any small, hard particle; small portion a small
— v. i. To exercise authority, administer the laws, weight, —
the 20th of a scruple in apothecaries'
;

have' the control. — Governor, -er, j

weight, 24th of a pennyweight troy; a reddish dye

n. One who governs; esp., a chief from the coccus insect or kermes; a red color of any
ruler or magistrate a tutor, guar- ; hue, esp. (Poet.) Tyrian purple; that arrangement of
dian. {Naut.) pilot. {Mach.) A A the particles of any body which determines its com-
contrivance connected with mills, parative roughness; texture; arrangement or direc-
steam-engines, etc., to maintain tion of the veins or fibers of wood the hair-side of ;

uniform velocity with a varying leather, or the marking on that side. pi. The husks
resistance: see Steam Engine.— or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain af-
Gov'erness, n. A female governor; ter distillation; residuum.— v. t. [grained (grand),
an instructress. —
Gov / emante / ,
graining.] To paint in imitation of the grain of
-ant', n. A
lady in charge of young wood; to form into grains, as powder, sugar, etc.— v.
women a governess. — Govern- i. To form grains, or assume a granular form. —
ment, n.
;

Act of governing; exer- Oovernor. Gran'ary, -rT, n. A storehouse for thrashed grain. —
cise of authority; restraint; regulation the system ; Grange, granj, n. A granary barn farm, with
; ;

of polity in a state; established form of law; right or stables, etc.; in U. S., an association of farmers to
power of governing authority the ruling power ; ; ; promote direct communication between producers
the administration; a commonwealth; state. {Gram.) and consumers, to the exclusion of middlemen or
The influence of a word in regard to construction. traders.— Gran'ule, gran'ul, n. A little grain; small
— Gov'ernmenfal, a. Pert, to, or made by govern- particle.— Gran'ulous.-lus.-ular.-ulary, -Ia-ri, -ulate,
ment. -ulated, a. Consisting of, or like, grains or granules.
Gown, gown, n. A loose upper garment; esp. the outer — Gran'ulate, -lat, v. t. To form into, etc.; to raise in
dress of a woman; the official robe of professional small asperities; to roughen on the surface. v. i. —
men and scholars; hence, civil officers, disting. fr. To collect or be formed into grains.— Granula'tion,
military; a wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors. n. Act of forming into grains development of ;

Grab, grab, n. A sudden grasp or seizure. v. t. & i. — small grain-like cells in a sore, filling up the cavity,
[grabbed (grand), -bing.] To gripe suddenly, seize. —
and uniting the sides. Graniv'orous, -rus, a. Eat-
Grace, gras, n. Exercise of love, kindness, or good- ing grain or seeds. —
Granite, -it, n. {Geol.) A
will; favor bestowed; the divine favor toward man; crystalline, unstratified rock, consisting of quartz,
enjoyment of divine favor inherent excellence ; ;
feldspar, and mica.
beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; elegance of Grain, gran, n. A
prong tine j)l. a fish spear.
; ;

manners the title of a duke or an archbishop of

; Grallatory, graKla-to-ri, -torial, -to'ri-al, a. Pert, to
England; a prayer before or after meat. pi. {Myth.) the grailatores or wading birds.
Graceful and beautiful females, the attendants of Gram. See under Grammar.
Venus. {31us.) Ornamental tones. play con- A Graminaceous, gram-i-iia'shus, Gramin , eal, -eous, -e-
sisting in throwinga hoop by means of two sticks.— us, a. Pert, to the grasses. —
Graminivorous, a.
v. t. [graced gracing.]
adorn, deco-
(grast), To Feeding on grass, etc.
rate to dignify, honor.
; Grace'ful, -ful, a. Dis- — Grammar, gram' mar, n. Science of language art of ;

playing grace or beauty in form or action elegant; speaking or writing with propriety, according to
easy. —
Graceless, a. "Wanting in grace or excel-
;

established usage a treatise on the principles of

;

lence, esp. in divine grace depraved degenerate language, or on the elements of any science.— Gram-
—
; ; ;

corrupt. Gra'cious, gra'shus, a. Abounding in, ma'rian, -ri-an, n. A philologist one who teaches
or characterized by, grace winning favor; accept- ; grammar. —
Grammatical, a. Pert, to, or accord-
;

able; beautiful; graceful; produced by divine grace; ing to the rules of, grammar.— Gram, Gramme, gram,
benevolent; beneficent; benignant; merciful. n. The metric unit of weight, = 18.756 grains trov
Grade, grad, n. A step or degree in any series, rank, or 15.432 grains avoirdupois.
or order; in a road or railroad, the rate of ascent or Grampus, gram , pus, n. A voracious cetaceous mam-
descent; a graded ascending or descending portion mal of the dolphin
of a road; a gradient. {Stock-breeding.) The result family, having sock-
of crossing a native stock with a better breed. v. t. — eted, conical teeth,
To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive as- and breathing by a
cent, as the line of a canal or road. Gfa'dient, a. — spout-hole on the top
Moving by steps; walking; rising or descending by of the head.
regular degrees of inclination. n. Rate of ascent — Granary. See under
Grampus.
or descent in a road, etc. grade a part of a road Grain.
—
; ;

which slopes upward or downward. Grada'tion, Grand, grand, «. Of large size; extensive ; relatively
w. Act of progressing by regular steps state of be- ; great; greatest; chief; principal great in size and ;

ing graded, or arranged in ranks; any degree in an tine or imposing in appearance: holding elevated or
order or series gradual blending of one tint with advanced rank, as in years or station; majestic; dig-
another. — ;

Grad'ual.-u-a^a. Proceeding by steps or nified; stately; exalted.— Grand'eur.-jur, ??. Quality

degrees; progressive; slow. n. An order of steps; of being grand; splendor of appearance; elevation of
an ancient book of hymns, some of which were thought or expression, or of mien or deportment; no-
chanted on the steps {gradus) of the pulpit. Grad'- — — bility of action sublimity; augustness; magnificence.
—
;

ually, adv. In a gradual manner step by step. Grand'aunt, -ant, n. The aunt of one's father or
Grad'uate, -u-at, v. t. To mark with degrees to di-
vide into regular steps, grades, or intervals to ad-
;

; mother. —
un'cle, n. child, n. — son's or daugh-
daugh/ter, n. Daughter of a son or
A
mit to a certain grade or degree, esp. to an academ-
ical degree; to prepare gradually. v. i. To pass —
; ter's child.
daughter.
er's~father.
——
son, n.
mother, n.
— —
father, n.
sire, n.
A
father's or moth-
A grandfather;
to, or to receive, an academical degree to pass by any male ancestor. —
Grandee', -de', n. man of A
degrees, change gradually. n. One admitted to an —
;

rank in Spain, a nobleman of the first rank.

:
—
academical degree. a. —
Arranged by successive Grandil'oquent, -o-kwent. -oquous, -kwus, a. Speak-
steps or degrees; graduated. Graduation, n. Act — ing in a lofty style bombastic. :Grandiloquence, —
of graduating; art of dividing info degi-ees or definite -kwens, n. Lofty words or phrasesj bombast pom-
—
;

parts marks on an instrument indicating degrees,

; posity of speech. Grandiose, -T-os, a. Imposing ;

etc. striking; flaunting; turgid; bombastic.

Graff, graf, Graft, graft, n. A small shoot or scion of Grange, Granite, Granivorous, etc. See under Grain.
a tree inserted in another tree ; portion of a tree Grant, grant, v. t. To allow, yield, concede; to be-

sQn, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 GRANULAR 166 GREASE
stow or confer, in answer to prayer or request; to of being grateful; thankfulness.— Grat'incalion, n.
make conveyance of, give the possession or title of. Act of gratifying mind, taste, or appetite that which ;

—
— —
n. Act of granting: a bestowing; admission of affords pleasure. Gra'tis, adv. For nothing; freely;
something as true; thing granted; gift; boon. (Law.} gratuitously Gratuitous, -I-tus, a. Given without
A transfer of property by deed or writing; esp., an a recompense without reason, cause, or proof. —
appropriation or conveyance by the government. Gratuity, -tl, re.
;

A
free gift, present. Grafulate, —
Granular, Granule, etc. See under Grain. v. t. To salute with declarations of joy congratu-
—
;

Grape, grap, n. The fruit of the vine. (Jlil.) Grape-shot. late. Gratulalion, n. Act of, etc.— Grat'ulatory,
— Grap'y, -T, a. Made of, or like, ^^za^^fe, -to-rl, az Expressing joy.
grapes.— Grap'ery, -er-i, re. A building ?
for cultivating grapes.— Grape'-shot, n. C
( JUL) A number of iron balls, included [
1
,^-i?
W\ (
ma 9
Grave, grav, v. t. [imp. graved (gravd),p.p. graven
or graved; graving.] To carve or cut, engrave; to
give shape to, by cutting with a chisel. (JS'aut.) To
between circular iron plates at top and r\yl IVay clean, as a ship's bottom, by burning off filth, grass,
etc., and paying it over with pitch. To write —
bottom, with rings and a connecting
pin
Graphic, graflk-al, i. Pertaining
-ical.
toTwri ting; written; inscribed: well de- f^KTT7^£
31 ing. n.
v. i.
or delineate"on hard substances; to practice engrav-
— An excavation in the earth as a place of
burial; tomb; sepulcher death or destruction, pi.
lineated or described. Graphically, — Ivjy W#l The sediment of melted tallow. Grav'er, re. One
;

—
ach\ In a graphic or picturesque man- i. J who, etc. ; a sculptor ; an engraving tool, burin,
—
ner. —Graphite, -it, n. (Jlin.) poly-
Grane
y shot
A q. v. ;a tool for turning metals. Graving, n. Act
morphous mineral, composed of very of, etc. thing graved or carved ; act of cleaning a
;

pure carbon, (listing, by softness, metallic luster, and ship's bottom impression on the mind, heart, etc.
— —
;

by leaving a lead-colored trace on paper, used for Grav'ing-dock, «. A

dry dock, in which ship's
pencils, and for manv mechanical uses, and often —
— —A
bottoms are cleaned, etc. Grave'-clothes, n. pi.
called plumbago or black-lead. Clothes in which the dead are interred. stone, n.
Grapple, grap'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To A memorial stone set by a grave. yard, re. yard
seize, lay fast hold on, with the hands or with for the interment of the dead; cemetery.
hooks, —
v. i. To contend in close fight. ?!. — A Grave, grav, a. Of importance influential serious,
—
; ;

seizing; close hug in contest. (Xaut.) A hook for said of character, relations, etc. not light or gay; ;

fastening one ship to another. Grapline, Grap'- — solemn sober plain serious weighty momen-
; ; ; ; ;

nel, n. A
small anchor, with 4 or 5 flukes or claws, to tous. (JIus.) Xot acute or sharp; low; deep. —Gra-
hold small vessels; any instrument designed to grap- va'men, n. (Law.) The grievance complained of
ple or hold. the substantial cause of action. Grav'ity, -I-tr, n. —
Grasp, grasp, v. t. [grasped (graspt), grasping.] To Sobriety of character or demeanor relative impor- ;

seize and hold, catch, take possession of; to compre- tance, significance, dignity, etc. (Physics.) The
hend. —
n. Gripe of the hand seizure by embrace
; ; tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of
power of seizing and holding; wide-reaching power attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
of intellect to comprehend subjects. Grasping, a. — center of the earth. (Mas.) Lowness"of sound. —
Seizing; avaricious greedy of'gain; exacting.
; Specific gravity. The ratio of the weight of a body
Grass, gras, n. Herbage; the plants constituting the to the weight of an equal volume of some other
food of cattle, etc.; pasture. (Bot.) An endogenous body taken as the- standard, usually water for —
plant having long, narrow, alternate leaves, sheath- solids and liquids, and air for gases. Gravitate, —
ing a stem generally jointed and tubular, flower v. i. To obey the law of gravitation, tend toward
—
.

generally in glume-covered spik'elets,andfarinaceous the center. Gravita'tion, n. Act of gravitating.

seeds. — v. t. [grassed (grast), grassing.] To (Physics.) That attraction by which all bodies or
cover with grass or __^ particles of matter in the universe tend toward each
turf. —
Grass'hop- other.
per, n. A jumping Gravel, grav'el, n. A
mass of small stones or frag-
orthopterous noc- ments of stone mixed with sand, etc. ( Jled.) Small
turnal insect, with calculi in the kidneys and bladder painful symp-
4 joints in feet, and toms caused by such calculi, — v. ;

t. [graveled
green or transpar- (-eld), -eling.] To cover with gravel to stick in ;

ent wing -covers, the sand hence, to puzzle, embarrass to hurt (a

—
; ;

which feeds on horse's foot) by gravel lodged under the shoe.

grass or leaves: the Grav'eily, a. Abounding with, or consisting of,
common diurnal" gravel.
" grasshoppers Gravy, gra'vl, Juices obtained from meat in cook-
n.
C, ing, made into a dressing; liquid dressing for food.
«?«.° fGE"Az^D Grasshopper (G.viridissimus). Gray, gra, a. Hoary white mixed with Mack old
(grazd), grazing.] To feed or supply (cattle) with mature. — ?).
;

Anj- mixture of white and black; an

; ;

grass to eat (herbage) from the ground to tend animal of gray color.
;

grazing cattle. v. i. —
To eat grass or herbage to
;
j

— Gray'-beard, re. An
supply grass. —
Graz'er, n. One who grazes orlfeeds
;
j

old man.— Grayling,

on herbage. —
Gra'zier, -zher, ?i. One who pastures
|

n. A fish allied to the

cattle, and rears them for market. Graz'ing, n. — !

trout, found in N.
Act of feeding on grass; a pasture. Europe. — Gray , -
Grate, grat, n. A
lattice-work, used in windows of wacke,-wak,«. (Geol.)
jo
Grayling.
prisons, etc.; a frame of iron bars for holding coals.
j

A conglomerate or
—
\

v. r. To furnish with grates or cross-bars.— Graf- I

grit-rock, consisting of pebbles and sand firmly uni-
ing, n. A partition of parallel or cross-bars. ted together.
Grate, grat, v. t. To rub roughly or harshly, as one Grayhound. See Greyhound.
body against another; to wear" away in small par- Graze, Grazier, etc. See under Grass.
ticles, by rubbing with anything rough to fret, Graze, graz, v. t. [grazed (grazd), grazing.] To
—
;

vex, irritate. v. i. To rubhard, so as to offend; to rub or touch in passing. Grazing, n. —

touch in A
make harsh sound by friction of rough bodies.
a passing. _
— Grafer, re. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. an
|

Grease, gres, re. Animal fat in a soft state esp., fatty ;

instrument for rubbing off small particles of a body. matter of land animals. (Far.) An_ inflammation
— Grating, n. A harsh sound of rubbing. of the heels of a horse. —
Grease, grez or gres, v. t.
Grateful, grateful, a. Having a due sense of benefits; ! [greased (grezd or grest). greasing.] To smear or
willing to acknowledge and repay benefits; afford- ! anoint with grease;_to bribe; to cheat or cozen.
ing pleasure pleasing to the taste acceptable ',

Greasy, grez'! o>- gres'I, a. [-ier; -iest.] Composed

— Gratelully,
;

—
; ;

gratifying; welcome. adr. Grate'- of, or characterized by, grease; oily: fat; unctuous;
fulness, n. — Gratify, grat'l-fi, v. t. [-fied (-lid), smeared with, or like grease or oil" smooth. (Fur.)
-FYlNG.] To please bv satisfving some wish; to give
j

Affected with the disease called grease. Greasily, —

— Gratitude, -tud,
I

pleasure to, recompense. re. State I adv.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 GREAT 167 G-ROIN

Great, grat, a. Large in solidity, surface, or linear Grill, gril, v. [grilled (grild), -ling.] To broil on
t.
dimensions; of wide extent; big; expanded; large in a grate or gridiron to torment as if by broiling.
;

number; numerous long continued superior; ad- ; ; Grim, grim, a. [grimmer, -mest.] Of forbidding or
mirable; commanding endowed with extraordi- ; aspect; ferocious; horrid; surly.
f ear-inspiring
nary powers, strong, mighty, noble; holding a chief Grimace, grT-mas', n. A
distortion of the counte-
position, eminent; weighty; important. {Geneal- nance, to express contempt, disapprobation, etc.
ogy-) Older, younger, or more remote, by a single a smirk; made-up face.
generation.— Great-grandfather, a grandfather's fa- Grimalkin, gri-maKkin, n. An old cat.
ther great-grandson, a grandson's son. Etc. — Grime, grim, n. Foul matter; dirt. —v. t. To sully or
;

Greafly, adv. In a great degree; much; nobly; il- soil deeply; to dirt. Grim'y, -Y, a. —
lustriously. —
Great'ness, n. Largeness of bulk, di- Grin, grin, v. i. [grinned (grind), -ning.] To open
mensions, number, quantity, etc. high rank or the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, as in
place; magnanimity; strength or extent of intellec-
;

laughter, scorn, or pain. v. t. —

To express by grin-
tual faculties; force; intensity.— Greaf-coat, n. An ning. — n. Act of etc. ,

over-coat._ Grind, grind, v. t. [ground (grownd), grinding.]

Greaves, grevz, n. pi. Ancient armor for the legs. To reduce to powder, by friction, as in a mill, or
Greaves, grevz, Graves, gravz, n. pi. The sediment of with the teeth to wear down, polish, or sharpen by
;

melted tallow. friction; to prepare for examination ; to oppress by-

Grebe, greb, n. A diving bird, having a straight, sharp severe exactions, harass. v. i. —
To perform the
beak, lobated toes, no tail, and legs set far back. operation of grinding ; to become pulverized, pol-
Grecian. See under Greek. ished, sharpened by friction; to drudge.— Grind'er,
Greed, gred, n. An eager desire or longing greedi- ; n. One who, or that which, grinds; one of the doub-
ness. —
Greed'y, -t, a. [-iek, -iest.] Having a keen le teeth which grinds or masticates food, a molar :
appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; ea- see Tooth, —
Grind'ery, -er-t, n. Shoemakers' ma-
ger; covetous. Greed'ily, adv. —
Greediness, n. — terials. — Grind'stone, n. A flat, circular, revolving
Greek, grek, a. Pert, to Greece, Grecian. n. A na- — stone, for grinding and sharpening tools. —
Grist,
tive or inhabitant of Greece; language of Greece. grist, n. That which is ground at one time; supply;
— Gre'cian, -shan, a. Pert, to Greece.— n. A Greek; provision. —
Grisf-mill, n. mill for grinding A
one versed in the Greek language, literature, or his- grain. Gris'tle, -1, n. (Anat.) smooth, solid, A
tory. elastic substance in animal bodies; cartilage.
Green, gren, a. Having the color of growing grass, or a Gripe, grip, v. t. [griped (gript), griping.] To catch
colorcomposed of blue and yellow; verdant ;emerald: with the hand, clutch; to seize and hold fast; to pain
see Light full of life and vigor; new; recent; not
; the bowels of, as if by pressure or contraction; to
ripe not fully grown or perfect immature in age
; ; pinch, distress. v. i. —
To hold or pinch as with a
or experience; young; raw; awkward; not seasoned; gripe; to get money by hard bargains or exactions;
not dry containing its natural juices. n. The — to suffer griping pains. {Naut.) To tend to come
;

color of growing plants a grassy plain or plat. pi. ; up into the wind, as a ship. n. Grasp; seizure; —
Fresh leaves or branches; wreaths. {Cookery.) Leaves clutch; that on which the grasp is put; a handle; op-
and stems of young plants pression cruel exaction; pinching distress; spas-
;

dressed for_f ood. — v. t. modic pain in the intestines. {Naut.) The fore-
[greened (grend), green- foot; sharpness of a ship's stern under the water; pi.
ing.] To make green. ropes, dead-eyes, and hooks, to secure the boats to
Greet, gret, v. t. To salute the deck. —
Grip, grip, n. A
grasp; a holding fast;
kindly or respectfully, wel- a peculiar clasp of the hand; tlrat by which anything
come, accost.— v. i. To give is grasped, —v.t. [gripped (grTpt), -ping.] To give
salutations. a grip to, grasp, gripe.
Gregarious, gre-ga'rf-us, a. Grisette, gre-zef, n. A
young, laboring French
Living in a flock or herd. woman; esp. one kept as a servant and mistress.
Grenade, gre-nad', n. {Mil.) Grisly, gris'lT, a. Frightful; horrible; terrible.
A hollow shell filled with Grist, Gristle, etc. See under Grind.
powder, and fired by a fuse. Grit, grit, n. Sand or gravel; rough particles; struc-
— Gren'adier', -der', n. ture of a stone as to fineness or coarseness, or adap-
Orig., a soldier who threw tation to grinding and sharpening; spirit; spunk.
grenades later, one of a
;
Grenade and Fuse. {Geol.) A
hard, gritty conglomerate or sand-stone.
company of tall soldiers, posted on the right of a fl. Hulled and broken grain; groats. {High Milling .)
battalion, to lead it in attacks; ragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats. —
now, one of a regiment so- v. i. To give forth a sound as of sand undcrthe feet;
called. to grind. —
v.t. To grind, grate. Grifty, -ti, a. —
Grew. See Grow. Containing, or consisting of, sand, etc.; rough; spir-
Grey. Same as Gray. ited and resolute. Grifstone, n. — hard sand- A
Greyhound, gra'hownd, n. A stone.
slender, swift, keen-sighted Grizzle, griz'zl, n. Gray; a mixture of white and
variety of dog. [Not f r. gray.] blacft. — Griz'zled, -zld, a. Gray. Griz'zly, -zll, —
Griddle, grid'al, n. pan, A a. Somewhat gray.
broad and shallow, for bak- Groan, gron, v. i. [groaned (gr5nd), groaning.] To
ing cakes a cover, to close give forth a low, moaning sound, as in pain or sor-
an opening in the top of a
;

Greyhound.
row; to strive after earnestly. n. low, moaning — A
stove a sieve with a wire bot-
; sound, —
uttered in pain; sometimes, in derision.
tom, used by miners.— Gridiron, -i-ern, n. grated A Groats, grawts, n. pi. Oats or wheat broken or cracked.
utensil_for broiling meat, etc. Grocer, grosser, n. A
dealer in tea, sugar, spices, etc.
Grief, gref n. Pain of mind
, painful sense of loss ; ;
— Gro'cery, -ser-i, n. pi. Commodities sold by gro-
cause of sorrow. — Grieve, grev, v. t. [grieved cers. Agrocer's store.
(grevd), grieving.] To occasion grief to, inflict Grog, grog, n. A
mixture of spirit and water, usually
mental pain upon, make sorrowful, v. i. To feel — not sweetened. —
Grog'gery, -ger-i n. grog-shop. , A
grief, be in pain of mind on account of an evil, sor- — Grog'gy, -gi, a. Overcome with grog tipsy ;
row, mourn. —
Griev'ance, -ans, n. A cause of grief weakened in a fight so as to stagger; moving in a
;

or uneasiness; wrong done and suffered; affliction; hobbling manner, from tender feet, said of a horse. —
burden oppression injury.
; Griev'ous, -us, a.
;
— — Grog'giness, «.— Grog-shop, n. place for re- A
Causing grief or sorrow; painful; hard to bear; hei- tailing, etc.
nous; flagitious; full of grief. Grogram, grog'ram, Grog'ran, n. A coarse stuff made
Griffin,griffin, Griffon, n. {Myth.) An imaginary of silk and mohair; also, a strong, coarse silk.
animal, generated between the lion and eagle. Groin, groin, n. The depressed part of the body be-
(Zobl.) A species of vulture found in the moun- tween belly and thigh. {Arch.) The angular curve
tainous parts of Europe, N. Africa, and Turkey. made by the intersection of 2 semi-cylinders or
Grig, grig, n. The sand eel; a cricket; grasshopper. arches.— v.t. [groined (groind), groining.] {Arch.)

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, DONboN, chair, get.
 GROOM 163 GUARD
To fashion into, or adorn dregs; sediment; a thin, coarse mortar; also, a finer
with groins. Groined, — material, used in finishing ceilings; a kind of wild
groind, a. (Arch.) Hav- apple.— v. t. To fill up (joints between stones) with
ing an angular curve made grout. — Grout'y, -I, a. Cross; surly; sullen.
by intersection of arches. Grove, grov, n. A
cluster of trees shading an avenue;
Groom, groom, n. servant; A a group of trees smaller than a forest.
esp. one in charge of Grovel, grov'l, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To creep
horses; one of several offi- on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to act
cers of the English royal in a prostrate posture; to be low or mean.
household, chiefly in the Grow, gro, v. i. [imp. grew (groo); p. p. grown (gr5n);
lord chamberlain's depart- growing.] To increase in size by a natural and or-
ment; a man recently ganic process; to increase in any Way, be augmented;
married, or about to be to thrive, flourish; to result as an effect from a
married; a bridegroom. — cause, become; to become attached or fixed, adhere.
v. t. [groomed (groomd), — v. t. To cause to grow, cultivate, produce, raise.
grooming.] To tend or — Growth, n. Process of growing; gradual increase
care for horse).— (a r>,.„:„„j Arch,
Groined \„„t, of animal and vegetable bodies; production; that
Grooms'man, n. An at- which has grown; effect; result.
tendant of a bridegroom at his wedding. Growl, growl, v. i. [growled (growld), growling.]
Groove, groov, n. A furrow, channel a long hollow ; To murmur or snarl, as a dog; to utter an angry,
cut by a tool.— v. t. [grooved (groovd), grooving.] grumbling sound, —v.t. To express by growling.
To cut a groove in, form into grooves, furrow. — n. The murmur of a cross dog.
Grope, grop, v. i. [groped (gropt), groping.] To at- Grub, grub, v. i. [grubbed (grubd), -bing.] To dig
tempt to find something in the dark, or as a blind in or under the ground; to Be occupied in digging;
person, by feeling; to feel one's way.— v. t. To to beg, esp. food. —
v. t. To dig, dig up by the roots.
search out by feeling in the dark. — n. A fleshy larve, esp. a larve of a beetle or wee-
Gross, gros, a. Great; excessively or disproportion- vil; a short, thick man, dwarf; that wliich is grubbed
ately large bulky coarse rough not easily aroused
; ; ; ; up for food; victuals.
stupid; vulgar; indelicate; obscene; impure; thick; Grudge, gruj, v. t. [grudged (grujd), grudging.] To
dense; palpable; whole; entire; total.— n. The main part with reluctantly, desire to get back again. v. —
body, mass; the number of i. To be covetous or envious, unwilling or reluc-
12 dozen. —
Gross'ness, n. — tant.—?*. Uneasiness at the possession of something
Gross'beak, -bek, n. sing- A by another; ill will; envy; pique; hatred; spite.
ing bird of several species, Gruel, groo'el, n. A
light, liquid food, made by boil-
allied to the finch and lin- ing meal in water.
net, having a convex bill, Gruff, gruf, a. Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or
very thick at the base. countenance; rugged; harsh.
Grot, g r oj Grot/ to, n. ; pi.
, Grum, grum, a. Morose severe of countenance
;

-toes, -toz. A
natural cav- glum; grim; low; deep in the throat; guttural.—
ern; an artificial cave or cav- n v. Q „v Grum'ly, adv. —
Grum'ble, -bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid),
ern-likc apartment. Gro- —
OrossDeaK. -bling.] To murmur with discontent to growl, ;

tesque', -tesk', a. Like figures formerly painted in

grottoes; whimsical; extravagant. — Grum'bler, —n.
snarl; to rumble, roar.
grumbling.
v. t. To express with
Ground, imp. and .p. p. of Grind, q. v. Grunt, grunt, v. i. To make
a deep guttural noise,
Ground, grownd, n. The surface of the earth, also of like a hog. — A
guttural, or short, rough sound.
n.
afloor: region; territory; land; estate; basis on which Guaiacum, gwa'ya-kum, n. A
genus of small, crooked
anything rests foundation premise, reason, or da-
; ; trees, of tropical Amer. balsamic resin of lignum-
;

turn originating force, agency, or agent. (Paint.)

;
J

|
vitse, — used in med.
The surface on which an object is represented; that Guano, gwa'no, n. Excrement of sea-fowls,— used as
portion of manufactured articles, of a uniform color, i manure.
on which the figures are drawn or projected, pi. Guarantee, gar'an-te', n. (Law.) A promise to an-
Sediment; dregs; lees. (Arch.) Pieces of wood, flush swer for the payment of some debt, or performance
with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are at- of some duty, in case of the failure of another who
tached. (Mus.) A
composition in wliich the base, is primarily liable; a warranty; security; a guaran-
consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is tor; the person to whom a guaranty is made. v. t. —
continually repeated to a varying melody; the tune [guaranteed (-ted'), -teeing.] To engage for the
on which descants are raised. (Elec.) conduct- A payment of debt or performance of duty, by an-
ing connection with the earth, making it part of an other person; to make sure; warrant. Guar'anty, —
electrical circuit.— v. t. To lay or set on the ground; -tt, n.—v.t. [-tied (-tid), -tying (-tT-ing).] Form
to found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, fix firmly; of Guarantee generally used by legal writers in
to instruct in elements or first principles. (Elec.) U. S. — Guar'antor', -t6r', n. (Law.) One who makes
To connect with the ground, so as to make the earth or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; surety; one who
a part of an electrical circuit.— v. i. To run aground; engages to secure another in any right or possession.
to strike and remain fixed. — Groundless, a. With- Guard, gard, v. t. To protect from danger to secure ;

out ground or foundation false. ; against surprise, attack, or injury to accompany ;

Group, groop, n. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an as- for protection; to protect the edge of, esp. with an
semblage of persons or things; an assemblage of fig- ornamental border. — v. i. To watch by way of
ures or objects in a certain order or relation, or hav- caution or defense; to be in a state of defense or
ing some resemblance or common characteristic. safety, —n. That which guards or secures; as, a
(Mus.) A number of 8th, 16th, etc., notes tied to- man or body of men stationed to protect a person or
gether; any musical ornament consisting of several position, a watch, sentinel; or, one in charge of a
short tones. — v. t. mail coach or a railroad train, conductor; or, an ex-
[grouped (groopt), pression or admission to secure against objections
grouping.] To form a or censure any attachment to protect against in-
;

group of, form an as- jury, defacement, or loss; as, part of a sword hilt
semblage, arrange, protecting the hand; or, ornamental lace or hem
combine. protecting the edge of a garment; or, a chain or cord
Grouse, grows, n. A fastening a timepiece to one's person; or, a fenee to
stout-legged rasorial prevent falling from the deck of a vessel; or, a
bird, of several species, widening of the deck of a steamboat by a frame-
with feathered feet and work, which protects the water-wheel and the shaft
short bill. against collision. (Fencing.) posture of defense. A
Grout, growt, n. Coarse — Guardian, -l-an, n. One who guards, preserves,
meal; pollard; a kind of or secures ;a warden. (Law.) One who has the
thick ale lees grounds
; ; Grouse. custody of the person or property of an infant, a

ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Cdd, tone, Or i
 GUAVA 169 GURGLE
minor without living parents, or a person incapable bling the violin, having 6 strings, played upon with
of managing his own affairs. — a. Guarding; pro- the fingers.
tecting. — Guardianship, n. Office of a guardian.
I

Gulch, gulch, n. Orig., a glutton a ravine deep ; ;

Guava, gwa/va, n. A tropical tree, or its fruit, which

;

ravine or water-course.
is made
into jelly. Gules, gulz, n. (Her.) red color; red. A
Gubernatorial, gu'ber-na-to'ri-al, a. Pert, to govern- Gulf, gulf, n. An abyss; deep chasm or basin. (Geog.)
ment, or a governor. A large bay open sea. ;

Gudgeon, gud'jun, n. A small fresh-water fish, easily Gull, gul, n. (Ornith.) A

web-footed sea-fowl, with
caught a person : long, narrow wings, and a straight beak hooked at
easily cheated or the tip. A
trick; fraud; one easily cheated; a dupe.
insnared a bait — v.t. [gulled (guld), -ling.] To deceive, cheat,
allurement.
;

defraud. —
GuKlible, -lT-bl, a. Easily deceived.
(Mack.) The iron Gullet, gullet, n. (Anat.) The esophagus. Some-
pin in the end of thing resembling the food-passage. — Gul'ly, -II, n.
a wooden shaft or Gudgeon. A channel worn in the earth by a current of water;
axle, on which it a ditch; gutter. v. t. —
[gullied (-lid), -lying.] To
turns in a collar or on a gudgeon-block; formerly, wear into a gully. —
Gulos'ity, -los'I-tl, n. Greedi-
the part of any horizontal shaft on which it runs. ness voracity.
;

(Naut.) An eye or clamp on the stern-post to hang Gulp, gulp, v. t. [gulped (gulpt), gulping.] To swal-
the rudder on. low eagerly, swallow up. n. A swallow, or as —
Guerrilla, ger-riKla, n. An irregular warfare, by at- much as is swallowed at once; a disgorging.
tacks of independent bands; one who carries on ir- Gum, gum, n. The hard, fleshy substance covering
regular or predatory warfare. the jaws and investing the teeth. Gum'-rash, n. —
Guess, ges, v. t. [guessed (gest), -sing.] To judge of (Med.) A
cutaneous disease.
at random; to form an opinion of, from reasons Gum, gum, n. A vegetable secretion of many trees
seemingly preponderating, but not decisive; to con- and plants which hardens when it exudes, but is
jecture rightly; to hit upon by accident. v. i. To — soluble in water; also, with less propriety, exuda-
make a guess, think, suppose. n. conjecture; — A tions not soluble in water, —v. t. [gummed (gumd),
judgment without sufficient grounds. -ming.] To smear with, or unite or stiffen by gum.
Guest, gest, n. A visitor; a lodger at a hotel, etc. — v. i. To harden into gum, become gummy.
Guffaw, gui'-taw', n. A loud burst of laughter. Gurn'my, -ml, -mous, -mus, a. [-miee, -miest.]
Guide, gid, v. t. To lead or direct, conduct in a course Consisting of, producing, or covered with, gum; vis-
or path, pilot to regulate and manage, train, in-
; cous adhesive. —
Gum'-res'in, -rez / in, n. The
fluence. —
n. One who, or that which, etc.; a path-
;

milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air ;

finder conductor director regulator. (Mil.)

; ; ; A an inspissated sap a combination of true gum and
;

non-commissioned officer, placed on the flank of a resin, requiring both water and alcohol to entirely
rank or end of a line, to preserve proper position, dissolve it. tree, n. of the
(Bot.) The black gum,
distance, etc. —
Guid'ance, -ans, n. Act of guiding ; southern U.S.; a large Australian tree. In the south-
direction; government.— Guide'-bars, -blocks, n. pi. ern U. S., a hollow tree.
(Mach.) Pieces of metal on which the cross-head of Gumbo, gum'bo, n. Okra a dish composed of okra, ;

a steam - en tomatoes, and a little mustard together.

sine slides, Gump, sump, n. A foolish person dolt dunce. ; ;

keeping it \i Gumption, gump'shun. n. Capacity shrewdness ; ;

parallel to the > common Art of preparing colors.
sense. (Paint.)
c y 1ind e Gun, gun, n. Any weapon having a long barrel from
slide-rods. feu Guide-bars which missiles are thrown by the power of gun-
Guild, gild. n. powder, compressed air, etc. (Mil.) A cannon
An association of men, of the same class or kindred proper, as distinguished from howitzers, etc. — v. i.
pursuits, for mutual aid and protection. — Guild''- [gunned (gund), -ning.] To practice fowling or
hall, -hawl, n. The hall where a guild or corpora- —
hunting small game. Gun'ner, n. One who works
tion assemble. a gun a naval warrant officer, in charge of the
—
;

Guile, gll, n. Craft; artifice; duplicity; deceit. ordnance. Gun'nery, -ner-I, n. Art and science
Guillotine, giKlo-ten', n. machine for beheading A of firing guns. —
Gun'ning, n. Act or practice of
by the stroke of a steel blade.
— v. hunting game with a gun. Gun'nel, Gun'wale, —
t. [guil'lotiked' -nel, n. (Xant.) The upper edge of a vessel's side;
(-tend'), -tining.] To be- uppermost wale of a ship.— Gun'powder, n. A mix-
head with, etc. [Inventor's ture of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal pulverized,
name.] granulated, and dried.— Gun'reach, n. The distance
Guilt, gilt, n. State resulting to which a gun will shoot gunshot. — Gun'shot, n. ;

from violation of law; crim- (Mil.) The distance of the point-blank range of a
inality and consequent ex- cannon-shot; effective distance to which shot can be
posure to punishment of- ; thrown from a gun. —
Gun'smith, n. One who
fense against right expo-
sure to legal penalty or for-
; makes or repairs small arms; armorer. Gun-stock, —
n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of a gun
feiture. —
Guilt'y, -T, a. is fixed. —
Gun'-boat, n. (Mil.) A boat or vessel of
[-IER,-IESX.] Evincing guilt; light draught, fitted to carry guns. cot'ton, n. A
criminal wicked. ; Guilt- — highly explosive substance obtained by soaking
ily, adv. —
Guilt'iness, n.— Guillotine, cotton, etc., in nitric and sulphuric acids. deck, n.
Guiltless, a. Free from guilt without experience (Naut.) Lower deck of a ship where the gun-room
—
or trial. Guiltlessness, n.
Guinea, gin'e, n. An old gold coin of En?., worth
21 shillings sterling, or about $5. Guin'ea-fowl, —
is
battery. —
main-deck of a frigate, etc., where guns are in
;

met'al, n. An alloy of 9 parts of copper

and 1 of tin, used for cannon, etc. room, n. (Naid.)
A harsh voiced fowl allied to the pheas-
-hen, n.
ants, orig. f r. Africa.
n. A
worm,
long, parasitic worm of
— An apartment on the after end of the lower gun-
deck of a ship of war, occupied by the gunner or as
a mess-room by the lieutenants, etc.
hot regions, burrowing in hu- Gunnel, gun^nel, n. A little spotted fish, found on the
man cellular tissue, esp. of the N. Atlantic shores.
legs. Gunny, gun'nY, n. A strong, coarse kind of sacking.
Guinea-pig, gin'e-pig, n. A small Gunter's Chain, gun'terz-chan. The chain commonly
Brazilian rodent. used for measuring land, being 4 rods, or 66 feet, —
Guise, giz, u. External appear- long. —
G.-Scale. A
rule, 2 feet long, with graduated
ance in manner or dress; garb; lines for solving questions in arithmetic, etc.
mien; custom; mode; practice. Gurgle, ggr'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gid), -gling.] To run
Guitar, gi-tar', n. stringed A Guitar.
or flow in a broken, noisy current. n. Sound —
musical instrument, res em- made by flowing liquid.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 GURNARD 170 HACKLE
Gurnard, ger'nard, -net, n. A sea-fish, having a large Guttural, gufter-al, a. Pert, to, or formed in, the
and spiny head with throat. — n. A letter pronounced in the throat.
mailed cheeks, and Guy, gi, n. A
rope or rod attached to anything to
making a grunting steady it.
noise when caught. Guy, gi, n. A grotesque effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed
Gush, gush, v. i. [gushed up in Eng., on Nov. 5th, anniversary of the Gunpow-
(gusht), gushing.] To der Plot; a person of queer dress or appearance.
now copiously, rush Guzzle, guz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To swal-
forth as a fluid from low liquor greedily, drink frequently. v. t. To —
continement; to act swallow much or often. n. —
An insatiable person.
with a sudden and rapid impulse: to talk effusively, Gybe, jib, v. t. & i. [gybed (jibd), gybing.] (Xaut.)
enthusiastically, or affectedly. n Violent issue of — . To shift from one side of a vessel to the other.
a fluid from au inclosed place fluid thus emitted Gymnasium, jim-na /'z}-um, n. ; pi. -sia, -zl-a. A place
sentimentality. Gust, n. —
blast of wind burst A
; ;

for athletic exercises; school for the higher branches

of passion.— Gust'y, -I, a. Subject to, or attended
;

of literature and science. —

Gym'nast, n. One who
by, gusts tempestuous. teaches or practices gymnastic exercises ; manager
—
;

Gusset, gus'set, n. A
piece of cloth inserted in a gar- of a gymnasium. Gymnas'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to,
ment, to strengthen or enlarge some part. etc. — Gymnas'tically, udr. Gymnas'tic, n. Ath-—
Gust, n. A
squall. See under Gush. letic exercise; one who practices or teaches, etc.—
Gust, gust, Gus'to, n. The sense or pleasure of tast- Gymnas'tics, n. Athletic exercises, or the art of
ing; keen appreciation relish: capacitv for enjoy- performing, etc.
; —
ment taste. Gust'atory, -to-rl, a. Pert, to taste.
;

Gypsum, jip'sum, a. (Min.) A

mineral consisting of
Gut, gut, n. The intestinal canal of an animal ; a sulphate of lime and 21 per cent, of water: when
string made from an intestine; a narrow passage or burnt to drive off the water, and ground up, it forms
channel of water. pi. The whole mass of intestines. plaster of Paris.
— v. t. To take out the bowels from, eviscerate; to Gypsy, Gipsy, Gypsey, jip'sTt, n. ; pL -sies, -siz. One
destroy the interior of. of a vagabond race, orig. fr. India, living by theft,
Gutta, gut'ta, n. ; pi. -t.e, -te. drop. {Arch.) One A fortune-telling, tinkering, etc. ; a cunning or crafty
of a series of ornaments, person.
shaped like a frustum of Gyrus, ji'rus, n. ; pi. -Ri^-ri. (Auat.) convolution of A
a cone, beneath the tri- —
the brain. Gy'rate^rat, v. i. To revolve round a cen-
glyphs, also the mutules, tral point, move spirally.— Gyra'tion, n. Act of turn-
in the Doric order.— Gut- ing or whirling around a fixed center; a circular or
ter, n. A
channel for con- r,,ft»
ljUl1 *'
spiral motion; rotation. —
Gy'ratory, -to-rT, a. Mov-
veying away rain from a ing in a circle, or spirally.— Gyr'falcon, jer'faw-kn,
roof, also at the road side, etc. v. t. [guttered — n. A falcon from the far north, bolder and stron-
(-terd), -tering.] To form into small, longitudinal ger than the peregrine or common European falcon.
hollows or channels. r. i. —
To become hollowed or — Gy'roscope, -skop, n. A rotating wheel mounted
channeled. —
Gut'tiform, a. Drop-shaped. in a ring or rings, illustrating the dynamics of rota-
Gutta-percha, gut'ta-per'cha, n. An inelastic inspis- ting bodies, composition of rotations, etc.
sated sap from trees of the Malayan archipelago, re- Gyve, jiv, n. A
shackle, esp. one to confine the legs;
sembling caoutchouc in its properties. a fetter. —
v. t. [gyved (jivd), gyving.] To fetter.

H.
H, ach, the Sth letter of the Eng. alphabet, commonly quence customary manner or mode of living, feel-
classed as a consonant, is a mere breathing, aspira-
;

ing, or acting. —
Habitue, a-bit / oo-a r n. One habit- ,

ting a following vowel. (JIus.) The 7th degree in uated to a certain place, employment, etc. ; a fre-
the diatonic scale, used by Germans for B natural. quenter.
Ha, ha, interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, or Hack, hak, v. t. [hacked (hakt), hacking.] To cut
grief. irregularly and awkwardly, notch to speak with
Habeas Corpus, ha / be-as-k6r' pus. (Law.) writ to
,

A stops or hesitation. v. i. —
To cough in a broken
;

bring a party before a court or judge esp., one to ; manner, hawk. n. — A

notch cut hesitating or ; :

inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment faltering speech. —

Hag'gle, v. t. [-gled (-gld),
or detention by another, to protect the right to per- -gling.] To cut into small pieces; to roughen by
sonal liberty. *[L., you may haveti|i|Apdy.] cutting; to tease, worry. v. i. To be difficult in
Haberdasher, haVer-dash'er, n. oKWler of small bargaining, chaffer, higgle. —
Hig'gle, v. i. [-gled
wares, such as tapes, pins, needle^tttread, etc. (-gld), -gling.] To carry provisions about for sale ;

Habiliment, ha-MKT-ment, 7i. A garment clothing. ; to chaffer.

Habit, hab'it, n. The usual condition of a person or Hack, hak, u. A horse, or carriage, let out for com-
thing ordinary state esp. physical temperament
; ; mon hire; a familv horse used in all kinds of work;
fixed custom involuntary tendency or aptitude
; a man who hires "himself out for literary work a ;

to perform certain actions, acquired by their fre- drudge a large pick for working stone a rack for
; ;

quent repetition ; manner ; way ; custom ; moral feeding cattle; a frame for drying fish, or cheeses; a
character attire dress habiliment a garment, ; place where bricks are dried before burning the ;

—
; ; ;

esp. a closely fitting coat worn by ladies. v. t. To wooden frame in the tailrace of a mill. —a. Hack-
dress, clothe, arrav. —Habitant, n. An inhabitant; neyed; hired; mercenary. —
Hack'ney, -nT, n. ; pi.
dweller; resident.— Hab'itable, a.— Hab'itableness, -neys, -niz. A hack; nag; pony; one worn by hired
-ability, -tT, n. —
Hab'itancy, -an-sT, n. Same as drudgery: a hireling; prostitute. a. Let out for —
Inhabitancy. —
Habitation, n. Act of inhabit- hire; prostitute; much used; common; trite. v.t. —
ing state of dwelling place of abode mansion : ; [hackneyed (-nid), -neying.] To devote to com-
—
; ;

residence. Habifual, -u-al, a. Formed or ac- mon use, as a horse or coach; to make trite or com-
quired by, or according to, habit rendered per- monplace.
manent by continued causes. Habifually, adv. —
;

— Hackberry, hak'bSr-rY, n. An Amer. tree, resembling

Habit'uate, v. t. To make accustomed, accustom; an elm, bearing a small, edible fruit.
familiarize. —
Habifua'tion, n. Act of, or state of Hackle, hak'l, Heck'le, Hatch/ el, hach'l, v. t. [-led
being, etc. —
Hab'itude, -tad, n. Frequent repeti- (-Id), -ling.] To separate, as the coarse part of flax
tion of an act or feeling, and its resulting conse- or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 HACKMATACK 171 HAND
teeth of a hackle or hatchel; to tear rudely asunder. An English coin worth 1 cent the value of half a
— n. An instrument with teeth for separating
(coarse flax from fine) any flimsy substance un-
;
penny. —
step,?*. (Mus.) A semitone. way,«cZu. In
the middle at half the distance imperfectly par-
;

;
—
—
; ;

spun, as raw silk; a fly for angling. tially. u. Midway; equally distant from the ex-
Hackmatack, halfma-tak, n. The black larch or tremes.
tamarack tree. Halibut, hof l-but, n. A large, edible flat-fish, dark
Had. See Have. above and white beneath.
Haddock, had'dok, n. A sea-fish smaller than the cod, Hall, hawl, n. A
building or large room devoted to
which it resembles. public business or domestic convenience a pas- ;

Hades, ha'dez, n. The hab- sage-way at the entrance of a house or suite of chain*
itation of the dead. bers a manor-house a large edifice belonging to a
; ;

Haft, haft, n. handle A collegiate institution; a place of public assembly a ;

(of a sword, etc.); hilt. college in an English university.

Hag, hag, n. An
ugly old Haddock. Halleluiah, jah, hal'le-lu'ya, Al'lehfiah, n. & interj.
woman; a fury; she-monster; a witch sorceress. ;. Praise ye Jehovah, an exclamation used in songs —
Hag'gard, a. Appearing wasted by want; thin; hol- of praise and in thanksgiving to God.
low-eyed. Halloo, hal-loo', v. i. [-looed (-lood'), -looing.] To
Haggard, hag'gard, a. Wild or intractable. n. An — cry out, call to by name, or by the word halloo. v. t. —
untrained hawk; anything wild or intractable. To encourage with shouts, chase with shouts, call or
Haggle. See under Hack, v. t. shout to. — n. A call to invite attention. — interj.
Hagiographa, hag-I-og'ra-fa, it. pi. That part of the Ho, there! ho!
Old Testament not embraced by the Law and the Hallow, haflo, v. t. [-lowed (-lod), -lowing.] To
Prophets; the lives of the saints.— Hagiol'ogy, -j i, m. make holy, consecrate, treat as sacred.— Hal'loweon',
A narrative of the lives of the saints. -en', n. The evening preceding All Saints' day.
Haguebut, hatfbut or hag-'e-but. See Akquebuse. Hallucination, hal-lu'sl-na'shun, n. Error; delusion;
Hah, interj. Same as Ha. mistake an illusion of sensible perception, occa-
;

Ha-ha, ha-ha', n. A fence, wall, or ditch sunk in a sioned by some bodilv or organic disorder.
slope so as not to be seen until one is close upon it. Halo, halo, n. ; pi. Ha'los, -loz. A circle of light; in
Hail, hal, n. Frozen
rain, or grains of ice precipi- painting, a glory a luminous circle round the sun
—
;

tated from the clouds, —v. i. [hailed (hald), hail- or moon. v. t. or i. [haloed (-lod), haloing.]
ing.] To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapor. To form, or surround with, a halo.
— v. t. To pour down, as hail. Halt, hawlt, v. i. To stop in walking or marching
Hail, hal, interj. An
exclamation of salutation. n. — to step lamely, limp; to hesitate to have an irregu-
—
;

A wish of health; a salutation. v. t. To call to one lar rhythm, —v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease march-
—
at a distance to salute
; to name, address. In the
; ing to stop.
; —
a. Halting in walking lame. n. ;

phrase, to hail from, to assign as a ship's port of reg- A stop in marching; act of limping; lameness.
istry, or the place whence one comes or to which Halter, hawl'ter, ?i strong strap or cord esp. A ; i

one belongs. —Hale, a. Sound; healthy; robust. strap and headstall for a horse ; a rope for hanging
Hair, har, n. A
small animal filament growing from malefactors,
malefactors. v. t.
I —
[haltered (-terd), -teking..
the skin, or a mass of such. (Bot.) A
filament on the To put a halter on.
surface of plants. {Jlech.) A
secondary spring in some Halve. See under Half.
—
rifle or pistol locks, to unlock the tumbler. Haify, Halyard, Halliard, hafyard, n. (Naut.) rope or A
-X, a. —
Made of, covered with, or like, etc. Half - tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc.
iness, n.— Hairless, a. Without hair. — Haif Ham, ham, n. The inner or hind part of the knee;
breadth, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a the thigh of any animal, esp. that of a hog cured by
very small distance. — a. Very narrow. salting and smoking. Hanf string, n. One of the —
Hake, hak, n. A sea-fish of tendons of the leg.— v. t. [hamstrung or -stringed
the cod family, having (-stringd), -stringing.] To lame or disable by cut-
only 2 dorsal fins. ting the tendons, etc.
Halberd, hol'berd,-bert, n. Hames, hamz, n. pi. The curved pieces fastening a
An ancient weapon, a horse's traces and harness to the collar.
combination of battle-ax, iiaue. Hamlet, hamlet, n. small village. A
spear, and bill-hook, with a handle 6 ft. long. Hammer, hanfmer, n. An instrument for driving
Haicyon, hafsl-on, n. The king-fisher. —a. Pert, to, nails, beating metals, etc.; something- of like form
or like the halcyon, which was said to lay her eggs or action, as the striker of a clock, gun lock, etc. —
near the sea during the calm weather about the v. t. [HAMMERED (-liierd), -MERING.J To beat, form,
winter solstice; peaceful; happy. or forge with a hammer: to contrive by intellectual
Hale, hal, a. Sound; healthy. labor. v. i. —
To be busy; to be in agitation.
Hale, hal or hawl, v. t. [haled (hald or hawld), hal- Hammock, hanfmok. n. netting or cloth suspended A
ing.] To drag, haul. by clews, to hold a bed,
Half, haf, n. ; pi. Halves, havz. One of 2 equal parts etc.
of a thing. —a. Consisting of a moietv, or half. Hamper, hanfper, n. A
adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree.— Halve, larsj-e basket^ a; con
hav, v. t. [halved (havd), halving.] To divide veying thingflSi • mar
into 2 equal parts. —
Half-and-half, n. mixture A etc. AnS BM ru-
of beer or porter and ale. —
blood, a. Relation be-
tween persons born of the same father or of the same
ke't,
ment
fetter.
that shad ses; a
— [ham- Hammock.
mother, but not of both. —
blood'ed, a. Proceeding
from a male and female of different breeds or races;
peked (-perd),
v. t.

ing.] To'put a fetter on, shackle, encumber.

per-
degenerate mean. ; breed, n. A person who is Hand, hand, v. The outer extremity of the human
half-blooded esp. the offspring of Indians and arm, consisting of the palm, thumb, and fingers;

——
:

whites. brotb/er, n. A brother bv one parent that which resembles a hand, as, a limb of certain
only. sis'ter, n.— -caste, n. One born of a Hindoo animals, or an index or pointer of a dial; a measure
parent on the one side, and of a European on the of the hand's breadth; 4 inches; a palm, applied —
other. —cock, n. The position of the cock of a gun
when retained by the first notch. note, n. (ILus.) — to the measurement of a horse's height; side; part;
direction; power of performance; skill; actual per-
A minim, in value ^ formance; deed; act; an agent, servant, or laborer;
one half of a semi- ~y f^j style of handwriting chirography possession ; ; ;

breve, or whole note, * ownership; course of performance or execution;

and represented thus:
— -pay, n. Half the :=(==£=£ agency in the transmission from one person to an-
other: that which is held in a hand at once. —v. t.
amount of wages or fj H ,
f iNoteb N . To give, transmit, lead, guide, or lift, with the
salary: more common- ±laU: -
hand.— Hand'y, -t,a. [-ier, -iest.] Skillful in using
ly,diminished or reduced pay.— -penny, haf pen-nT, the hand dexterous ; : adroit ready to the hand
;

hap'pen-nY.or ha'pen-nt, n.'pl.; Half-pence, haf-. convenient. — Hand'ily, adv. -^ Hand'cuff, n. A fas- ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HANG 172 HARM
tening consisting of a ring around the wrist, usually luck, or fortune; successful; enjoying good; de-
connected bv a chain with one on the other wrist; a lighted; satisfied; secure of good;prosperous;blessed;
manacle.— v. t. [handcuffed (-kuft), -cuffing.] furnishing enjoyment; propitious; favorable.— Hap'-
To put handcuffs on; to manacle. Hand'ful, -ful, — pily, -pl-ll, adr. By good fortune; in a happy man-
a. : pi. -fuls. As much as the hand will contain; a ner, state, or circumstances; with address or dexter-
small quantity or number. Hand'maid, -maiden, — ity; luckily; successfully; felicitously; gracefully.
n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant.— Hap'pines's, -/).
Hand'writ'ing, n. The form of writing peculiar to Hara-kiri, ha'ra-ke'rl, n. A
Japanese method of sui-
each hand or person; chirography; what is written cide by cutting open the stomach. [Incorrectly
by hand; manuscript. Handicap, n. — race in A written hari-kari.']
which the horses carry different weights, according Harangue, ha-rang', n. A
speech addressed to a pub-
to their age and character for speed, etc., to equalize lic assembly: a popular oration; declamation; rant-
the chances as much as possible an allowance of ing.— v. i. [harangued (-rangd"), -kanguing.] To
a certain amount of time or distance in starting,
;

address a large assembty. v. t. To address by a —

f:ranted in a race to the competitor possessing in- harangue.
erior advantages. v. t. —
To encumber with a Harass, har'as, (-ast), -assing.]
?.-. t. To fa-
[-assed
handicap; to hamper. — Handicraft, n. Manual tigue to excess; to weary with importunity, care, or
occupation; the hand. —Hand-
work performed by perplexity; to annoy an enemy by repeated and un-
icraftsman, ; -men. A man skilled in manual
n. pi. looked-for attacks to weary, jade, tease, vex, dis-
;

—
i

occupation a manufacturer. Handiwork, n. turb.

;

Work done by the hands. Hand'kerchief, hank / — '- /r

Harbinger, har bin-jer, n. An officer of the Eng.
Sr-chif, n. A cloth, for wiping the face, etc.; a neck- royal household who precedes the court when trav-
erchief; neckcloth. —
Handle, -1, v. t. [-led (-Id), eling, to provide lodgings, etc.; a forerunner; pre-
-ling.] To touch; to use or hold with the hand; to !
cursor. —
v. t. [harbingered (-jerd), -GERING.] To
manage or wield; to make familiar bjr frequent precede and announce, usher in.
touching; to deal with, practice; to treat; to practice Harbor, har'ber, n. A place of security and comfort;
on, transact with; to discourse on, discuss.— n. That a lodging; asylum; a refuge for ships; port or haven.
part of a vessel or instrument held in the hand when I
— v. t. [harbored (-berd), -boring.] To entertain
used.— Hand'some, han'sum, a. [-somer, -somest.] as a guest, shelter; to protect (a ship from storms);
Having a pleasing appearance or expression; come- to secrete (a thief); to indulge, cherish (malice, etc.).
ly; good-looking; marked with propriety and ease;
I

!
— v. i. To lodge or abide for a time to take shelter. ;

appropriate; liberal; generous; moderately large. Hard, hard, a. Not easily penetrated, or separated
Hang, hang, v. t. [hanged (hangd) or hung, hang- ,
into parts not yielding to pressure
; difficult to ;

ing. Hanged preferable to hung when reference

is i
penetrate with the understanding; difficult to ac-
is had to execution by suspension.] To suspend; to complish: full of obstacles; difficult to resist or con-
fasten, so as to allow of free motion upon the point or trol; difficult to bear or endure; severe; oppressive;
points of suspension: to put to death by suspending; unreasonable; unjust; difficult to please or touch;
to decorate by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, i
not easy to influence; not agreeable to the taste;
etc.; to droop.— v. i. To be suspended, dangle, de- rough, acid, sour, as liquors. (Pron.) Abrupt or
—
;

pend; to be fastened so as to allow free motion on ',

explosive in utterance. adv. With pressure; with

the point of suspension; to rest for support, depend; urgency; diligently; earnestly; with difficulty; un-
to be a weight; to hover, impend; to lean or in- easily: vexatiously; vigorously; energetically; rap-
cline.— n. The manner in which one part hangs
j

idly; violently. —
Hardly, adv. In a difficult man-
upon another; connection; arrangement; plan. — ner; scarcely; barely; severe^; harshly; roughly.
Hang'er, n. One who, or that which, etc.; a short — Hard'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To
sword; that by which a tiling is suspended, esp. make hard or more hard; to indurate; to strengthen,
(Mach.) a part suspending a journal-box, in which inure; to confirm in wickedness, obstinacy, etc.
shafting runs. —
Hang'er-on, n. One who hangs on, i v. i. To become hard or more hard, acquire solid-
or sticks to, a person, place, or plan; a dependent.— ity; to become strengthened. — Hard'ener, -n-er, n.
Hanging, )(. Death by suspension; that which is One who hardens. —
Hard'hack, re. A very astrin-
hung, as, drapery for a room. Hang'-dog, n. de- — A gent plant, common in pastures. Hard'ship, n. —
graded man, fit only to be the hangman of dogs. That which is hard to bear, as toil, injurj etc. — r

a. Like, etc. —
Hang'- Hard'ware, n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery,
,

man, n. ; pi. -men. One

who hangs another a
public executioner.—
;
kitchen furniture, etc.
coarse or harsh features. —
Hard'-fa'vored, a. Having
fist'ed, «. Having hard
or strong hands, as a laborer: covetous; niggardly.
J/fiP;
Hang'nail, n. A small <* — Hard'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.] Bold; brave stout ;

piece of skin hanging fr. sfj intrepid; full of assurance; impudent; strong; firm;
the root of a finger-nail.— ^/ compact inured to fatigue able to bear exposure ;

—
;

Hang'bird, n. The Balti- to cold weather. Hard'ihood, -iness, n. Boldness,

more oriole, — whose nest united with firmness and constancy of mind au- ;

—
tree. —
hangs from the limb of a <^—^,
nest, n. The nest - h'l
dacity; impudence. Hardily, adr.
Hare, har, n. A swift rodent, having long hind legs and
of, etc.— Hang 'ing- but- ' ears, short tail, and divided
tress, n. (Arch.} but- A upper lip. —
Hare'-lip, n.
tress supported upon a A lip, commonly
the upper
corbel, and not standing one, having a fissure or per-
solid on the foundation. pendicular division like
— Hank, hank, n. Two that of a hare. Har Her, — ,

or more skeins of .yarn I

h&rll-er, re. kind of A
or thread tied together. hound used in hunting
(Naut.) A
ring sliding on Hang-nest. hares.
a stay, to which a sail is Harem, halem, n. The apartments allotted to females
bent. — Hank 'er, v. i. [-eked (-erd), -ering.] To ; in the East; the wives and concubines belonging to
desire vehemently. one man.
Hap, hap, n. That' which happens or conies suddenly ,
Harier, Harrier. See under Hare and Harry.
or unexpectedly; chance; fortune; accident; casual Hark, hark, v. i. To listen. [Imperat. of hearken, q. v.]
event; fate; lot. —
v. i. [happed (hapt), -ping.] To Harlequin, harle-kin or -kwin, n. buffoon, dressed A
happen, befall, come by chance. Haply, -IT, adv. — in party-colored clothes a merry -andrew ; zany. ;

By hap, chance, or accident; perhaps.— Hapless, a. Harlot, harlot, n. A

prostitute; strumpet.— Harlot-
Without hap or luck; unfortunate unhappy. — ; ry, -rl, n. Trade or practice of, etc.; prostitution.
Hap'-haz'ard, n. Extra hazard; chance; accident. Harm, harm, re. Injury; hurt; damage; misfortune;
— Hap'pen, -pn, v. i. [-pened (-pnd), -pening.] To
j

, evil: wickedness. — v. r. [harmed (harmd), harm-

come by chance, fall out; to take place, occur. ing.] To hurt, damage.— Harmful, -ful, a. Full of
Hap'py, -pi, a. [-pier, -piest.] Favored by hap, I
harm; injurious. — Harmless, a. Free' from harm
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 HARMONY 173 HATCHMENT
or from power or disposition to harm: innocent; un- Harrier, n. A dog. See under Hare. A bird. See —
harmed. —
Harmlessly, adv. —
Harni'lessness, n. under Harry.
Harmony, har'mo-nT, n. Just adaptation of parts to Harrow, har'ro, n. An iron-toothed instrument drawn
each other; concord or agreement in facts, opinions, over plowed land to level it and break the clods,
manners, interests, etc. a literary work which
; and to cover seed when sown. v. t. [harrowed —
brings together parallel passages respecting the same (-rod), -rowing.] To draw a harrow over, to break
events, and shows their consistency. (Mus.) Musical clods and level the surface or to cover seed sown;
concord a succession of chords according to the
; to lacerate, torment, harass. Har'rower, n. One —
rules of progression and modulation science of who harrows; a hawk; a harrier.
;

their construction and progression.— Harmo'nious, Harry, har'rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To strip,
-nT-us, a. Adapted to each other symmetrical pillage
; to worry, harrow. Har'rier, -rT-er, n. A; —
agreeing in action or feeling; musically concordant; low-flying bird of the falcon family, of several spe-
symphonious. —
Harmo'niously, adv. Harmonic, — cies.
-ical, a. Concordant; musical; consonant. (Mus.) Harsh, harsh, a. Rough to the touch, taste, or feel-
Relating to harmony or music; harmonious. {Math.) ing grating; austere; severe. Harsh'ness, n. —
Having relations or properties bearing some resem-
;

Hart, hart, n. A stag the male of the red deer. —

—
;

blance to those of musical consonances. Harmon'- Harts'horn, n. The antler of the hart, or male
ics, 11. sing. & pi. Sing. Doctrine or science of mu- deer. —
Salt of hartshorn. An impure solid.carbon-
sical sounds. PI. (Mus.) Secondary tones which ate of ammonia, obtained by distillation of harts-
accompany any principal, and apparently simple, horn. —
Spirit of h. A solution of carbonate of am-
tone, as the octave, the 12th, the loth, and the 17th. monia.
— Har'monist, n. One who shows the harmony of Harum-scarum, har''um-skar /'um, o. Wild rash. ;

corresponding passages of different authors, as of Harvest, har'vest, n. The season of gathering crops;
the 4 evangelists. (Mus.) A
musical composer.— that which is reaped; product of any labor; gain. —
Harmo'nium, -ni-um, n. A keyed instrument of v. t. To reap or gather (fruits, etc.)'
music, in which the tones are produced by the vibra- Has. 3d 2)erson sing, of Have.
tion of free reeds. —
Har'monize, v.. i. [-nized Hash, hash, v. t. [hashed (hasht), hashing.] To
(-nizd), -nizing.] To agree in action, adaptation, pieces, mince and mix.
chop into small pieces, n. That —
or effect on the mind; to be in peace and friendship, which is chopped up minced meat, or meat and
;

as individuals or families to agree in vocal or mu-

; vegetables minced; a second preparation or exhibi-
sical effect.— v. t. To adjust in lit proportions, cause tion of old matter.
to agree to show the harmony of. (Mus.) To ac- Hasheesh, -ish, hasheesh, n. A slightly acrid, narcotic
company with harmony. — Haf 'moniz/ er, n.
;

and intoxicating gum-resin, produced by common

Harness, har'nes, v. The iron covering which a sol- hemp when cultivated in
climates. warm
dier formerly wore armor of a horse; equipments
; Haslet, haslet, n. Inwards of a beast, esp. of a hog,
of a draught horse tackle; tackling; the part of a
; used for food.
loom comprising the heddies with their means of Hasp, hasp, n. A
clasp, esp. one that passes over a
support and motion. v. t. —
[harnessed (-nest),
|

staple to be fastened Dy a padlock; a spindle to wind

-NESSING.] To dress in armor, equip for defense, thread on.— v. t. [hasped (haspt), hasping.] To
make ready for draught.
J

fasten with a hasp.

Harp, harp, n. An upright, stringed instrument of ,
Hassock, has'sok, n. A
thick mat for kneeling in
music, usually church.
played with Hast. 2d person sing, of Have.
the fingers of Hastate, has'tat, -tated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like the
both hands. — head of_ a halberd.
v. i. [HARPED Haste, hast, n. Celerity of motion;
(harpt), harp- state of being urged or pressed by
ing.] To play business; sudden excitement of
on the harp; to feeling or passion; dispatch; hurry;
dwell tediously precipitation. — Haste, Has'ten,
or monotonous- has^n, v. t. [hast'ed, hastened
ly in speaking (haVnd); hast'ing, has'tening.]
or writing. — To drive or urge forward, push on,
Harp'er, -ist, n. expedite, hurry. v. i. To move —
A player on the with celerity, be rapid, speedy, or i

harp. — Harp'- quick. —

Hast'y, -l, a. [-ier,
sichord, -sT- -iest.] Quick speedy ; ; forward ;

k6rd, n. A mu- eager; precipitate; rash; caused by, Hastate Leaf.

sical instru- or indicating, passion.
ment,now su- Hat, hat, n. A
covering for the head, esp. one with
perseded by a crown and brim.— Hat'ter, n. One who makes or
the piano-forte. sells hats.
Harping-iron, Hatch, bach, v. t. [hatched (hacht), hatching.] To
harp 'ing-i'crn. Eroduce from eggs by incubation, or by artificial
Harpoon', eat; to contrive or plot; to originate. — v. i. To
-poon',
n. A produce young, bring the young to maturity, n. —
barbed javelin, As many chickens as are produced at once; a brood;
with cord at- act of exclusion from the egg; disclosure; discovery.
tached, for Hatch, hach, v. t. To cross with lines in a peculiar
striking large manner in drawing and engraving. Hatch'et, n. —
fish, whales, A'small, short-handled ax, to be used with one hand.
etc.— v. t. [har- —
To bury the hatchet. To make peace.— To take up
pooned (-pocnd /'), -pooning.] To catch or kill with, the h. To make war, fr. practice of Amer. Indians. —
etc. Hatch, hach, n. A door with an opening over it; a
Harpings, harp'ingz, n. pi. (N~aut.) The fore parts weir for catching fish; a floodgate; a bed-frame; the
of the wales, encompassing the bow of a ship. frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's
Harpy, har'pi, n. ; pi. -pies, -piz. (Myth.) A fabu- deck; cover of the opening in a deck or floor, or into
lous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having a cellar hatchway. Hatch'-boat, n. A swift-sail- ;
—
a woman's face and vulture's body. One who is ra- ing, yacht-like fishing boat, having a small sail at
pacious; an extortioner, plunderer. (Ornith.) The the stern and no bowsprit. -way, n. An opening —
marsh harrier. A large, crested, stout-legged, preda- in a deck, floor, etc., covered by a hatch or trap-
ceous bird of Mexico and South America, the door. —
harpy eagle. Hatchel. Same as Hackle.
Harquebuse. Same as Arquebuse. Hatchet. See under Hatch, to cross with lines.
Harridan, har'ri-dan, n. A decayed strumpet; a hag. Hatchment, hach'ment, n. (Her.) A frame bearing

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HATE 174 HEAD
the escutcheon of a sunk between slopes, so that it is not perceived till
dead person, placed approached.
in front of the house, Haw, haw, n. A hesitation or intermission of speech.
on a hearse, or in a — v. i. [hawed (hawd), hawing.] To stop, in speak-
church. An ornament ing,with a sound like haw, speak with hesitation.
on the hilt of a sword. Haw, haw, v. i. To turn to the near side, or toward
Hate, hat, v. t. To have the driver,— said of cattle or a team.— v. t. To
a great aversion to, cause (a team) to turn to the near side (U. S., the
dislike, regard with left side).
ill-will, abhor, detest, Hawk, hawk, n. A rapacious bird of many species, re-
loathe. — n. Strong- sembling the falcons, except in the shortness of its
dislike or aversion wings; a falcon. v. i. —
[hawked (hawkt), hawk-
hatred. — Hat'er, n.
;

ing.] To catch birds by means of hawks trained

— Hat' able, a. for the purpose; to practice falconry; to soar or
Hate'ful, -ful, a. Hatchment. strike like a hawk.
Manifesting hatred Hawk, hawk, v. i. To make an effort to force up
exciting or deserving dislike or disgust; odious; de- phlegm with noise. ?-, f. To raise (phlegm) by —
testable loathsome; malignant. Hate'fuUy, adv. — hawking. —
A nois3' effort to force up phlegm ??..

—
:

— Hate'fulness, n. Ha'tred, n. Very great dislike; from the throat.

odium; enmity; rancor; repugnance; antipathy. Hawk, hawk, v. t. To sell by outcry; to cry, peddle.
Hauberk, haWberk,?;. A shirt of mail formed of steel Hawk'er, ??. A peddler. —
rings interwoven. / Hawse, hawz, n. (Naut.) The situation of the cables
Haughty, haw'ti, a. [-tier, -tiest.] High; lofty; before a vessel's stem, when moored with 2 anchors,
having a high opinion of one's self, with contempt one on either bow; distance ahead to which the ca-
for others expressing or indicating haughtiness; bles usually extend. Hawse'hole, n. A hole in —
;

proud arrogant scornful imperious. — Haugb/- the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. —
—
; ; ;

tily, -ti-lT, adv. Haugh'tiness, n. Quality of be- Haws'er, n. (Kant.) A small cable a large rope, in
ing, etc. superciliousness
; loftiness. ;Hauteur, —
size between a cable and a tow-line.
;

o-ter r n. Haughty manner or spirit

,
haughtiness Hay, ha, n. Grass dried for fodder. *- v. i. To cut and
; ;

pride. [F.] dry grass for preservation.— Hay'-cock, ??. Aconical

Haul, hawl, v. t. [hauled (hawld), hauling.] To pile of hay, in the field.— -fe'ver, n. (Med.) A catarrh
pull or draw with force; to drag: to transport by accompanied with fever, and sometimes with parox-
drawing. —
?.'.?'. (Naut.) To change the direction of ysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are sub-
a ship, sail with changed course. To pull apart, as ject in the spring and summer; hay-asthma; hay-
badlv trained oxen, when yoked, n. —
A pulling cold rose-cold rose-fever. ; ;

with'force a draught of a net; that taken at once (by Hazard, haz'ard, ??. That which comes suddenly or
;

hauling a net, etc.). unexpectedly; chance; accident; casualty; danger;

Haulm, Halm, Haum, hawm, n. The stem or stalk of peril; risk; a game at dice. v. t. To expose to —
grain, beans, etc.; straw. chance or evil to venture to incur, or bring on; to
Haunch, hanch, n. The hip; thigh; hind quarter; that endanger. v. i. To encounter risk or danger. — ;

Eart of an animal Haz'ardous, -us, a. Exposed to hazard; risky; bold;

ody between loin
and buttock. See '• A
l^«-cT\ vxTTy
N ^ —^
;J / ' ' '
:

daring; precarious; dangerous; uncertain.

Haze, haz, n. A slight lack of transparency in the air;
l -

Horse. Haunches— light vapor or smoke in the air dimness. v. i. To ;

—
of an arch. {Arch.) _Z\d WW be hazy. Ha'zy, -zT, a. Thick with haze. —
The parts between
the crown and the---™-------
/Wfy
/^-.f ^ilc-^-^-J
-to?—
Haze, haz, v. t. [hazed (hazd), hazing.] To vex
with chiding or reproof to play abusive tricks upon.
; :

Hazel, ha'zl, n. A nut-bearing shrub or small tree

A A, Haunches of an Arch, used for making hoops, crates, charcoal for gunpow-
frequent, resort to frequently; to visit pertinacious- der and crayons, etc. a. Of a light brown color. —
ly or intrusively; to infest, as a ghost or apparition. He, he, pron. [710m. he; p>oss. his; obj. him; pi. nam.
— v. i. To persist in staying or visiting. n. A
they; poss. theirs; obj. them.] The man or mascu-
place to which one frequently resorts. line being or object named before; any man; the
Hautboy, ho'boi, n. An oboe; a wooden musical pipe, man or person man any male person. —Himself'', ; ;

with a reed, finger holes, and keys, resemb- -- pron. An emphasized form of lie; having command
ling the clarionet. A treble stop in an organ. If of himself in his true character.— 7?>y 7? imse 7/. Alone.
;

( Bot.) A sort of strawberry. Head, hed, n. That part of any animal body contain-
Hauteur. See under Haughty. ing the perceptive organs of sense, and foremost or
Have, hav, v. t. [had, having. Indie pres- uppermost in the creature's locomotion; the upper-
ent, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they most, foremost, or most important part of an inani-
have.'] To own, hold in possession; to pos- mate object; the larger, thicker, or heavier part or
sess, as something which appertains to, is extremity; place where the head should go; chief;
connected with, or affects one; to hold, re- leader; place of honor, or of command; an individ-
gard, or esteem; to accept possession of; to ual; seat of the intellect; brain; understanding; the
obtain; hence, to beget or Dear (young); to source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream
cause or procure to be, effect, require; to or river; hence, the altitude of the source, and also
cause or force to go: to take; to take or hold the quantity in reserve, and the pressure resulting
one's self; to be under obligation. from either; that part of a gulf or bay most remote
Havelock, haVe-lok, n. A light cloth cover- J9I from the outlet; a separate part of a discourse; cul-
ing for the head and neck, used by soldiers. Jgm minating point or crisis; strength; force; height; a
Haven, ha'vn, n. A harbor port place of tjSSgv
safety; shelter; asylum.
;

7J 7
;
W
rounded mass of foam on beer, etc.; ahead-dress;
power armed force an ear of wheat, barley, or ; ;

Haversack, hav'er-sak, ??. A bag in which a -Ham- other small cereal; the eatable part of a cabbage, etc.
soldier carries his rations when on a march; D0V —
v. t. To be at the head of; to lead, direct; to form
-

leather bag for carrying charges from ammunition a head to, fit or furnish with a head; to get in front
chest to gun. of, so as to hinder or stop; to check or restrain. v. —
Havoc, hav'ok, n. Wide and general destruction; dev- i. To originate to go or tend to form a head. ; ;
—
astation waste. v. t. —
To waste, destroy, lay Head'ing.rc. Act of providing with ahead; what
waste. —interj.
;

A cry orig. used in hunting, after- stands at the head title material for the heads of ; ;

ward in war as signal" for slaughter. casks. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine.
Haw, haw, n. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard; (Sewing.) The extension of a line of ruffling above
the berry and seed of the hawthorn. - Haw'fincn, n. the line of stitch. (Masonry.) End of a stone pre-
—
A small bird; the gross-beak. Haw'thorn, n. A sented outward Head'y, -f, a. Willful; rash;- —
thorny flowering shrub or tree,— used in Europe for hasty; apt to affect the head; intoxicating. Head' — -

hedges. —
Haw'haw, Ha'-ha, ??. A fence or ditch iness, n. Rashness stubbornness obstinacy. ; ;
—
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 HEAL 175 HEAVEN
Head 'ache, n. Pain in the head. Headland, n. — of the heart; proceeding from the heart; exhibiting
(Geog.) A
cape; promontory. ridge or strip of A strength ; sound firm promoting strength; nour-
; ;

unplowed land at the ends of furrows, or near a ishing; rich; sincere ; cordial warm ; zealous; vig-
fence. —
Headless, a. Having no head; beheaded; orous; energetic. Heartily, -1-lT, adr. — Heart 'i-
;

—
destitute of a chief or leader. Headlong, adv. — ness, n. —
Heart'less, a. Without a heart; destitute
—
With the headforemost; rashly; precipitately; hasti- of sensibility or courage unsympathetic; cruel. ;

ly; without delay or respite. a. Acting without — Heart's'-ease, n. Peace or tranquillity of feeling.
deliberation ; hasty rash steep precipitous. — (Bot.) A
species of violet; pansy.
Head'ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place.
; ; ;

— Hearth, harth or berth, n. The floor of a fire-place;

Heads'man, n. ; pi. -men. An executioner.— Head'- the house itself, considered as the abode of comfort
spring, n. Fountain; source; origin. Head' stall, n. — and hospitality; a projecting shelf in front of a
That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses stove a form of metallurgic furnace the lower part
; ;

the head. —
Head'strong, a. Not easily restrained; of a blast or reverberatory furnace.
directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from Heat, het, n. Caloric the force, agent, or principle ;

obstinacy; violent; untractable; stubborn; heady.— in nature which renders bodies solid, fluid, or aeri-
Head' way, n. Progress made by a ship in motion; form, and which we perceive through the sense of
progress; success. (Arch.) Clear space or height feeling; sensation caused by caloric, when present
under an arch, over a stairway, etc. in excess; high temperature, as disting. fr. low tem-
Heal, hel, v. t. [healed (held), healing.] To make perature, or cold indication of high temperature; ;

hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease or wound; redness; high color; flush; state of being once heat-
to remove or subdue; to restore to original purity or ed or hot a single effort, as in a race; a course; ut-
;

integrity; to reconcile, v. i. To grow sound, re-— most violence, rage, vehemence; agitation of mind,
turn to a sound state. — HeaKablo, a.— Heal'er, n. exasperation animation in thouglit or discourse ;
;

— HeaKing, a. Tending to cure; mild; mollifying. ardor; fermentation; sexual excitement in animals.
••-Health, helth, n. State of being hale, sound, or — v. t. To make hot, communicate heat to, said —
whole, in body, mind, or soul ; esp. the state of be- of inanimate objects also of animals, to excite by ;

ing free from physical pain or disease a wish of action, or make feverish; also of the passions, to in-
health and happiness. -ful, a. — Health'ful,
Free
;

flame, excite. v. i. —
To grow hot by the action of
from disease serving to promote health whole-
; ; fire, by fermentation, or by chemical action. Heaf- —
some; salutary; indicating, characterized by, or re- er, n. One who, or that which heats.
sulting from, health.— Health'fully, adv.— Health'- Heath, heth, n. (Bot.) flowering shrub of many A
fulness, n.— Health'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Being in a species. A
place overgrown with heath; a desert;
state of health conducive to health
; sound hale ; ; ; a cheerless tract of country. Heath '-cock, n. ( Or- —
wholesome salutary salubrious.
; ; nith.) A
large bird which frequents heaths ; the
—
Heald, held, n.
Heap, hep, n.
v. t.
heddle. A
A
pile or mass; a crowd; throng.
[heaped (hept), heaping.] To throw or lay
— black grouse. hen, n. The female of, etc.
-game, re. The heath-cock, etc.
ennial, leafy-stemmed grass. —
A
grass, n. per-
Heather, heth /'er, n.
—
in a heap, make a heap of, pile to accumulate. ; Heath. — Heath'ery, -er-t, a. — Heathen, he'thn, n.
Hear, her, v. t. [heard (herd), hearing.J To per- Apagan; idolater; an irreligious, unthinking person.
ceive by the ear; to give attention to, listen to, heed, — a. Gentile; pagan.— Hea'thendom, -dum, n. That
obey to attend to for the purpose of judging a part of the world where heathenism prevails hea- ;

then nations collectively. — Hea'thenish, a. Pert,

;

cause between parties, try; to listen to and answer

favorably to favor. — v. i. To have the sense or
; to, etc. rude savage inhuman. — Hea'thenish-
; ;

ness, n. — Hea'thenism, -izm, n. Religious system

;

faculty of perceiving sound to perceive or appre- ;

hend by the ear, receive by report. Hearing, n. or rites of a heathen nation idolatry ; paganism ; ;

Act of perceiving sound sense by which sound is manners or morals prevalent in a heathen country.
—
;

perceived; attention to what is delivered; audience; Hea'thenize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To ren-
a listening to facts and evidence, for adjudication der heathen or heathenish.
extent within which sound may be heard. Hear'- — ;

Heave, hev, v. t. limp, heaved (hevd) or hove (hov);

say, n. Report rumor common talk. ;Hearken, ;
— p. ])• heaved, sometimes hoven (hov'n) ; heav-
hark'n, r. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To listen, give
i". ing.] To move upward, lift; to raise, elevate; to
heed, hear with attention, obedience, or compli- throw, cast, send; to force from or into any position;
ance. to throw off to raise or force from the breast.
; v. —
Hearse, hers, n. A carriage for conveyingthe dead to i. To be thrown up, be raised; to rise and fall with
the grave; monument; tomb. — v. t. To lay in a alternate motions, as the bosom in heavy breathing,
hearse. as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, etc.;
c
Heart, hart, n. (Anat.) A to swell, dilate, distend; to labor, pant; to make an
hollow, muscular organ, effort to vomit, retch. n. An upward motion — ;

contracting rhythmical- . swell or distention, as of the breast, waves, etc. an ;

ly and keeping up the •'. effort to raise up something, as the contents of the
circulation of the blood. stomach, etc. (Geo!.) A horizontal dislocation in
The seat of the affec- a lode, at an intersection with another lode. pi. A
tionsorsensibilities, also #- disease of horses characterized by difficult breath-
of the understanding or
m ing.— Heav'y, -T, a. Having the heaves. Heavy, —
will, and of moral life hev't, a. [-ier, -iest.] Heaved or lifted with la-
and character individ- Z> ; bor; weighty ponderous large in size, extent, or
; ;

ual disposition and char- quantity ; bulky difficult to move not easy to
; ;

acter ; the inmost or bear ; hard to endure laden with that which is ;

most essential part of weighty; pregnant; bowed down slow; sluggish ; ;

any body or system ; lifeless; dull; inanimate strong violent loud ; ; ; ;

vital portion ; courage ; low, or deep clammy solid not easily digested;
; ; ;

spirit ; vigorous activ- impeding motion cloggy clayey having much ; ; ;

ity ; power of fertile body or strength; dark with clouds, or ready to rain.
production that which ;
Section of Heart.
— adv. With great weight ponderously. Heav'- ;
—
is heart-shaped, esp. a ily, -T-1T, adr. With great weight; grievously; slow-
^v— ^ figure like that superior vena cava 6, pul- ., ;
ly; with difficulty. Heft, v. Weight; ponderous- —
(
)
in the margin, monary artery c, aorta d,
pulmonary artery pul-
; ;
ness. — v. t. To heave up, lift; to try the weight of,
V /or one of a se- e,
monary veins;/, left auricle;
;
by raising.
\ / ries of playing-
g. mitral valve; k, left ven- Heaven, hev'n, n. The arch overhanging the earth ;

^7,
Heart.
cards, distin- tricle i, septum j, right ; ;
the sky; atmosphere; the dwelling-place or immedi-
g uished byit.- ventricle k, vena cava in- ate presence of God the home of the blessed the
Hear1/en,-n,v.<. [-ened ferior to, tricuspid valve ;
;

Supreme Being ; God;

;

felicity; bliss. — Heav'enly, ;

(-nd), -ening.] To en- «, right auricle o, pulmona- ;

-n-lT, a. Pert, to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven:
courage, embolden.— ry veins. [See Lung.] celestial; appropriate to heaven in character or hap-
Hearfy^ -f, a. [-ier, -iest.] Exhibiting the action piness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed.— adv. In

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HEAVY 176 HELM
a manner resemblingthat of heaven; by the influ- he-gern'o-nY, n. Leadership; preponder-
ence or agency of heaven. Heav'enliriess, n. — ant influence (of a government or state).
Heavy, etc. See under Heave. Hegira, he-ji'ra or hej'I-ra, n. The flight of Moham-
Hebdomadal, heb-dom'a-dal, -dary, -da-ri, a. Week- med froni Mecca, Sept. 13, a. d. 622; the lunar year
ly consisting of, or occurring once in, 7 days.
;
— beginning July 16, A. d. 622, —from which date Mo-
Hebdom'adary, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch.) A member hammedans reckon time; any flight or exodus.
of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to perform Heifer, liefer, n. young cow. A
certain services. Heigh-ho, hi'ho, inter/. An exclamation of surprise,
Hebrew, he'brod, n. One of the ancient inhabitants uneasiness, or weariness.
of Palestine an Israelite Jew ;the Hebrew lan- : ; Height, Hight, hit, n. Condition of being high; ele-
guage.— a. Pert, to the Hebrews, or to their lan- vated position distance to which anything rises
—
;

guage. Hebraic, a. Pert, to the Hebrews desig- above that on which it stands, above the earth or
nating their language. — Hebra'ically, adv. ;

After level of the sea; altitude; that which is elevated; an

the manner Hebrew language from right
of the ; eminence; hill; mountain; elevation in excellence
to left. — He'braism, -izm, n. A Hebrew idiom a ; of any kind, as in power, learning, arts an ad- ;

peculiar expression in the Hebrew language the ; vanced degree of social rank; utmost degree in ex-
Hebraic type of character servile and severe al- tent or violence; progress toward eminence; grade.
—
;

legiance to conscience; stoical self-control; unrelax- Heighfen, Highfen, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en-
ing industry. He'braist, n. — One versed in the ING.] To raise higher, elevate to carry forward,
Hebrew language and learning. Hebraistic, a. — make better, increase to advance toward a worse ;
;

Pert, to, or resembling, Hebrew. He'braize, v. t. — state to set off to advantage by contrast.
;

To convert into the Hebrew idiom to make He- ; Heinous, ha'nus, a. Hateful; odious; great; enor-
brew or Hebraistic, —v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to mous; monstrous; flagrant; atrocious.
conform to the Hebrew idiom. Heir, ar, n. One who receives, inherits, or is entitled
Hecatomb, hek'a-toom, n. (Antiq.) sacrifice of A to succeed to the possession of property after the
100 oxen or beasts of the same kind; any large num- death of its owner; one who receives endowment fr.
ber of victims. Hectare, hek-tar', n.— measure of A an ancestor or relation. Heir'dom, -dum, n. Suc- —
area = 100 ares, or 10,000 square meters =2.4711 acres. cession by inheritance. —Heirless, a. female heir. A
— Hedogram, -to-gram, n. measure of weight A = — Heirloom, -loom, n. Any piece of personal prop-
100 grams or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.— Hecto- erty, which descends to the heir along with the in-
liter, hek-toKY-ter or hek'to-li'ter, n. measure A heritance; one which has been long in a family.
for liquids 100 liters = =
l-10th cubic meter, nearly Hektare, Hektogram, etc. See Hectare, etc., under
2(5:'; gallons of wine measure. Hectometer, hek- — Hecatomb.
tom , e-ter or hek'to-me'ter, n. measure of length A Held. See Hold.
= 100 meters, nearly 32S.09 Eng. feet. Hectostere, — Heliac, hell-ak, Heli'acal, a. (Astron.) Rising or set-
hek / to-star /\ n. A
measure of solidity 100 cubic = ting at or near the same time as the sun. He'lio- —
meters =
3-531. Q~> cubic feet. trope, -trap, n. (Bot.) A fragrant plant turnsole. ;

Heckle. Same as Hackle. (Geodes;/ and Mil. Signal Service.) An instrument

Hectic, hek'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to hectic; habitual; for making signals to an observer at a distance, by
constant affected with hectic fever.
; Hec'tic, n. — means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.
(Med.) The fever of irritation and debility, occur- (Min.) A
variety of chalcedony, of a deep-green
ring usually at an advanced stage of exhausting color, variegated with blood-red or yellowish spots.
disease, as in pulmonary consumption. — He'liotype, -tip, n. picture made by heliotypy.A
Hector, hek'ter, n. A bully; a blustering, turbulent, — He'lioty'py, -ti'pT, n. method of printing pho- A
noisy fellow; one who teases or vexes. v. t. [hec- — tographic pictures from a surface of prepared gela-
tored (-terd), -toking.] To bully, bluster, irritate, tine.
vex. —
v. i. To bluster. [Name of a Trojan warrior.] Helix, he'liks, n. ; id. Hel'ices, -i-sez. A spiral line,
Heddle, hed'dl, n. (Weaving.) One of the threads of as of wire in a coil; something spiral. (Arch.) A
yarn or metal in the harness of a loom a heald each ; : little volute under the
heddle has a central eye or loop by which the warp abacus of the Corin-
thread passing through it is raised or depressed to thian capital: see Cap-
form the shed for the passage of the weft shuttle. ital. (Anat.) The
Hedge, hej, n. A fence or line of bushes (esp. thorn- whole circuit or ex-
bushes) or small trees thickly set. —v. t. [hedged tent of the externa!
(hejd), hedging.] To inclose or separate with a border of the ear see :

hedge ; to hinder from Ear. (Zool.) A spiral

progress or success; to sur- univalve shell, as of a
round for defense, protect, snail. — Hel'icoid, a.
hem in to surround so as ( Geom.) A warped
—
;

to prevent escape. v. i. surface generated by

To hide as in a hedge, a straight line moving
skulk; to bet on both sides. *sEC1 in a certain manner.— Helices (Zool.).
— Hedge'-hog. n. (Zool.) a. Spiral ; curved like the spire of a univalve shell.
A small insectivorous ani- Hell, hel, n. The place of the dead lower regions ; ;

mal having prickles or grave the place or state of punishment for the
;

spines on the upper part of lleage-liog. wicked after death; place where outcast persons or
its body, and able to roll itself
into a ball. things are gathered, as, a dungeon or prison; also, in
Heed, hed. v. t. To mind, regard with care, take certain games, a place to which those caught are
notice of, attend to, observe. n. Attention; notice; — carried for detention; also a gambling-house; also
regard careful, reverential, or fearful attention. a place into which tailors throw shreds, or printers
—
;

Heed'ful, -ful, a. Full of heed cautious vig- —

broken type. Hellish, «. Pert, to, or fit for, hell ;
ilant; attentive. —
Heed'fully, adv.— Heed'fulness,
; ;

infernal malignant wicked detestable.

; ; ;

n. —Heedless, o. Without heed; careless; thought- Hellebore, hel'le-bor, rc. (Bot.) poi- A
less. —
Heedlessly, adv. Heedlessness, n. — sonous plant used in medicine.
Heel, hel, n. The hinder part of the foot, or of any Hellenic, hel-lenlk or -le'nik, a.
covering for the foot; the latter or remaining part Pert, to the Hellenes, or inhabitants
of anything; something heel-shaped; a protuber- of Greece Greek Grecian.
; ;

ance; a spur, as set on the heel; part of a thing cor- Helm, helm, n. (Naut.) A vessel's
responding in position to the human heel, esp. steering apparatus; esp. the tiller.
(N~aut.) the after end of a ship's keel, or the lower The place of management.-
end of a mast, boom, bowsprit, etc. v. t. [heeled — Helms'man, n. ; pi. -men. The man '

(held), heeling.] To use the heels in, as in dancing, at the helm.

running, etc.; to add a heel to. Helm, helm, v. t. To cover with a
Heel, hel, v. i. (Naut.) To incline; to lean, as a ship. helmet. —
Helm, Helm'et, n. De-
Heft. See under Heave. fensive armor for the head head- Barred Helmet. ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgrm ; in, Ice ; Cdd, tone, 8r j
 HELMINTHIC 177 HERMENEUTTC
piece ; morion ; thing like a helmet in form, posi- Hendecagon, hen-dek'a-gon, re. (Geom.) A plane
tion, etc., as, the upper part of a retort, or the hood- figure of 11 sides and 11 angles.
formed upper sepal of some flowers. Henna, hen'na, n. (Bot.) An oriental flowering shrub
Helminthic, hel-min'thik, a. Pert, to, or expelling of the genus Laivsonia. Powdered henna leaves, or
worms. n. — A
medicine for expelling worms ver- ; a paste made of the leaves, used by Egyptians and
mifuge. Asiatics to dye their nails, etc., of an orange hue.
Help, help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. helped (helpt), obs. Hepatic, he-pafik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the
imp. holp and p. p. holpen; helping.] To aid, color of the liver.
assist; to furnish with the means of deliverance; to Heptad, hep'tad, re. (Cliem.) An atom whose equiv-
furnish with relief in pain or disease to change ; alence is 7 atoms of hydrogen, or which can be
for the better, remedy; to prevent, hinder; to for- combined with, substituted for, or replaced by 7
bear, avoid, —
v. i. To lend aid or assistance. n. — atoms of hydrogen. —
Hep'tagon, n. (Geom.) A
Aid; assistance remedy; relief in U. S., one who plane figure consisting of 7 sides and 7 angles. —
helps, a domestic servant.
;

— ;

Help'er, n. One who Hep'tarchy, -tiirk-Y, v. A government by, or coun-

helps or assists; an assistant; auxiliary. Help'rul, — try governed by, 7 persons.
-ful, a. Furnishing help useful wholesome.
;
— Her, her, pron. and a. The objective case of the per-
—
;

Help'fulness, n. Helpless, a. Destitute of help sonal pronoun she : pert, to a female, or a noun in
or strength; feeble; weak; beyond help; irremedi- the feminine gender being the possessive ease of
— —
;

able; bringing no help.— Helplessly, adv. Help r- the personal pronoun she. Herself'', pron. An em-
lessness, re.— Help'mate, -meet, n. An assistant; phasized form of she ; in her ordinary or real char-
helper; consort; wife. [Fr. a misunderstanding of acter; in her right mind: sane.
an help meet (fit). Gen. ii., 18.] Herald, hgfald, n. (Antiq.) An officer who pro-
Helter-skelter, hefter-skefter, adv. In hurry and claimed war or peace, and bore messages from the
confusion. commander of an army. In Eng., an officer who
Helve, helv, n. The handle of an ax or hatchet; head regulates public ceremonies, and" records and bla-
of the ax. —
v. t. [helved (helvd), helving.] To zons the arms of the nobility and gentry; a king at
furnish (an ax) with a helve. arms; a proclaimer; publisher; a forerunner pre-
Hem, hem, n. The border of a garment or cloth, doub- cursor; harbinger. —
v. t. To introduce, or give tid-
;

led and sewed, for protection or ornament; edge; ingsof, as by a herald; to proclaim.— Hefaldry, -rT,
margin. —
v. t. [hemmed (hemd), -mixg.] To fold re. Art or office of a herald; art, practice, or science
and sew down the edge of; to border, edge. of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms.
Hem, hem, interj. An exclamation whose utterance Herb, erb, n. A
plant having a soft or succulent stalk,
is a sort of half-cough, indicative of hesitation or or stem, that dies to the root every year. Herby, —
doubt, —
better expressed by hm. n. The sound — herb"!, a. Of the nature of, pert, to, or covered with,
thus represented. v. i. —To make the sound; to herbs.— Herb'age, erb'- or herb'ej, n. Herbs collect-
hesitate in speaking. ively; grass; pasture. (Law.) Liberty or right of pas-
Hemal, Haemal, hernial, a. Pert, to the blood or blood ture' in the forest or grounds of another man. [F.] —
vessels.— Henforrhage, henfer-ej, n. {Med.) Any Herb'al, herb'al, n. A
book containing the names
discharge of blood from the blood-vessels. Henf- — and descriptions of plants; a collection of dried
orrhoids, -roidz, n.pl. (Med.) Small erectile tumors plants.— Herbiferous, -Sr-us, a. Bearing herbs.—
of the vascular, mucous, or cellular tissues of the Herbivorous, -o-rus, a. Eating herbs; feeding on
rectum; piles. —
Hem'atite, -a-tit, n. (Min.) The vegetables.
sesquioxide, or specular ore, of iron. [Fr. the red Herculean, her-kif le-an,'er. Very great, difficult, or
color of the powder.] —
Brown hematite. The hy- dangerous; having extraordinary strength and size.
drous sesquioxide of iron: limonite. Herd, herd, n. A
number of beasts assembled together;
Hemiplegia, hem-T-ple'jY-a, Henf iple'gy, -jY, n. (Med.) a company of people; crowd; rabble. v. i. To —
A palsv that affects one side only of the body.— unite or associate in a herd, as beasts; to ttnite in a
Hemip'ter, -teran, n. (Entom.) One of an order of j
company by custom or inclination. — v. t. To form
insects having the wing-covers transparent toward or put into a herd.
the end, or throughout, the true wings straight and Here, her, adv. In this place, opp. to there; in the —
unplaited, and feeding on vegetable or animal juices present life or state.— Here'abouf, -abouts', adv.
by means of a sucking- About this place; in this neighborhood.— Hereaffer,
tube.— Hemip'teral, -ter- adv. In time to come in some future state. : n. —
ous, -us, a. Of, or pert, to, A future existence or state. Hereaf, udc. At, or —
etc.— Hemisphere, -Y-sfer, —
by reason of, this. Hereby', adv. By means of
n. A half sphere: one half this. —
Herein'', adv. In this. Here'inaft'er. adv. —
of a sphere or globe; half In the following part of this. Hereto'', adv. To —
of the terrestrial globe, or this. —
Heretofore'', adr. In times before the pres-
a projection of the same ent formerly. Here'unto',—adv. Unto this or
in a ma p or picture. — ;

this time hereto.

; —
Here'upon ', adv. On this 1
;

Hemispher 'ic, -s f 6 r ' i k, hereon. Herewith'', -with' or -with', adv. With

-ical, a. Containing, o r this. —Hereufto, adv. Into this. —Hereof, -of
—
pert, to, etc.— Henfistich, or -ov r adv. Of, concerning, or from this.
, Here-
-stik, v. Half a poetic on'', adv. On this hereupon. ;

verse, or a verse not com- Hemipter (Pentatome). Hereditary, he-red'Y-ta-rY, «. Descended by inheri-
pleted. tance capable of descending from an ancestor to
:

Hemlock, hem'lok, n. An
umbelliferous plant whose an heir transmitted, or that may be transmitted,
:

leaves and seeds yield an acrid poison (conia) used from a parent to a child ancestral patrimonial; ; ;

in med.; an evergreen tree common in N. Amer.; inheritable.— Heritage, -ej, re. Thing inherited; in-
hemlock spruce. heritance.
Hemorrhage, etc. See under Hemal. Heresy, hefe-sY, n. An opinion opposed to the es-
Hemp, hemp, re. A plant the fiber of whose skin or tablished or usually received doctrine; esp. (Theol.)
bark is used for cloth and cordage fiber of the ; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some
plant, prepared for spinning; a rope. fundamental religious doctrine or truth hetero- ;

Hen, hen, n. The female of any fowl, esp. of the do- doxy.— Herpetic, n. One who holds to a heresy; one
mestic fowl.— Hen'bane, n. A plant poisonous to who believes some doctrine contrary to the Christian
domestic fowls: all parts of the plant are highly nar- religion; schismatic: sectarian. (Rom.Cath.C hnrch.)
and it is used in medicine
cotic, as a substitute for A Protestant. —
Heref ical, a. Containing, or per-
opium: hyoscyamus. taining to, heresy.
Hence, hens, adv. From this place, this time, this Hermaphrodite, hSr-mafro-dit, An animal or hu- n.
cause or reason, or this source, origin, or cause. man being having both the male and the female gen-
— Henceforth'' or Hence'forth, Hencefor'ward, adv. erative organs. (Bat.) A flower that contains both
From this time forward. the stamen and the pistil within the same calyx, or
Henchman, henclf man, «. , pi. -men. A page serv- ; on the same receptacle.
ant; hanger-on. Hermeneutic, hSr-me-nu'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to inter-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.

12
 HERMETIC 178 HIGH
pretation; excgetical. —
Hermeneu'tics, n. sing. Sci- exhortation. —
Hey'day', interj. An expression of
ence of interpretation exegesis, ; esp. applied to— frolic, exultation, or wonder.
interpretation of the Scriptures. Heyday, ha'da, n. frolic; wildness.A
Hermetic, her-mefik, -ical, a. Pert, to chemistry; Hiatus, hi-a'tus, n. ; L. pi. same as sing.; E. pi. -tuses,
chemical; pert, to that philosophy which pretends -ez. An opening gap chasm space where some-
; ; ;

to explain all the phenomena of nature from the 3 thing is wanting a break in a manuscript, where
;

chemical principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury ; part is lost or effaced. {Gram.) Concurrence of 2
pert, to the system which explains causes of diseases, vowels in 2 successive syllables or words.
etc., on the principles of the hermetical philosophy, Hibernal, hi-ber'nal, a. Belonging or relating to
esp. on the system of an alkali and acid perfectly ; winter; wintry; winterish. Hi'bernate, -nat, v. i. —
close, so that no air, gas, or spirit can escape. To winter; to pass the winter in seclusion, esp. in
Hermit, her'mit, n. A
recluse anchoret esp. one
; ; lethargic sleep, as bats, bears, etc.— Hibernation, n.
who lives in solitude from religious motives. Her /'- — Act of v etc.
mitage, -ej, n. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded Hibernian, hi-ber' nT-an, a. Pert, to Hibernia, now
residence. Ireland; Irish.— n. A
native or inhabitant of Ire-
Hern. Same as Heron. land; a Milesian.
Hernia, her'nT-a, n. {Surg.) A
rupture ; a tumor Hiccough, Hiccup, Hickup, hik'kup, n. A spasmodic
formed by protrusion of any internal part through contraction of the diaphragm and adjacent parts,
a natural or accidental opening in a muscular or producing a sudden sound, usually caused by gas-
membranous wall. tric derangement ; the sound itself. — v. i. [hic-
Hero, he'ro, n. ; pi. -roes, -roz. man of distin- A coughed (-kupt), -coughing.] To have, etc.
guished valor, intrepidity, or enterprise in danger; Hickory, hik'o-rt, A nut-bearing American tree of
n.
a great or extraordinary person principal person- ; several species, having strong, tenacious wood.
age in a poem, story, etc. {Myth.) An illustrious hiks'It, n. A follower of Elias Hicks, who se-
man, placed among the gods, after his death. — Hicksite,
ceded fr. the Society of Friends in the U. S., in 1827
Hero'ic, a. Pert, to, like, or becoming a hero; brave; Hid, Hidden. See Hide, v. t.
intrepid; noble.— Heroine, her'o-in, n. female he- A Hidalgo, hi-dal'go, n. In Spain, a nobleman of the
ro.— Her'oism, -izm,n. The qualities or character lower class; a gentleman by birth.
of a hero; courage; fortitude; bravery; valor. Hide, hid, v. t. limp, hid; p. p. hid, hidden; hiding.]
Heron, her'un, n. A
wading bird of many species To withhold, or withdraw from sight to conceal ;

with long slender legs, neck, from knowledge, keep secret, disguise, dissemble,
and bill. — Her'onry, -ri, n. screen; to protect from danger, defend. v.i. To —
A place where herons breed. lie concealed or secreted; to keep one's self out of
Herpes, her'pez, n. {Med.) view.
An eruption of the skin Hide, hid, n. The skin of a beast, raw or dressed; the
human skin, —
so called in contempt. —v. t. To
flog, whip.— Hide'-bound, a. Having the skin stuck
companied with, itching or so closely to the ribs and back, as not to be easily
tingling, including shingles, loosened or raised; having the bark so close as to im-
ringworm, etc.— HerpetoK- pede growth.
ogy, -jT, n. Natural history Hide, hid, n. {O. Eng. Law.) house or dwelling; a A
or description of reptiles, portion of land, differently estimated at 60, 80, or
including oviparous quad- 100 acres.
rupeds. Hideous, hid'e-us, a. Frightful or shocking to the
Herring, her'ring, n. A small eye; distressing to the ear hateful grim grisly :

fish, appearing in vast shoals terrible. —

Hid'eously, adv. Hid'eousness, n.
;

—
; ;

in the spring, upon the coasts Hie, hi, v. i. [hied (hid), hying.] To hasten.
of Europe and America, rieron.
Hierarch, hi'e-rark, n. One who rules or has author-
where they are taken in great quantities. ity in sacred things; chief of a
Hers, herz, Herself. See Her. sacred order. —
Hi' erarcb/y,
Herschel, her'shel, n. A
planet discovered by Dr. -rark'Y, n. Dominion in sacred
Herschel, in 1781, —
now called Uranus. things; the body of persons J^
.

Hesitate, hez'T-tat, v. i. To stop or pause respecting having ecclesiastical authority

decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty, a government administered by
doubt, waver, scruple to stop in speaking, falter,
; the priesthood. —
Hi'erafic, a.
stammer.— Hesitation,?*. Act of hesitating.— Hes'- Consecrated to sacred uses;
itancy, -tan-st, n. Act of hesitating or doubting; sacerdotal pert, to priests,
;

doubt; action or manner of one who hesitates; inde- applied to a mode of ancient
cision. Egyptian writing, being t'
Hessian Fly, hesh'an-fli, n. A small, two-winged sacerdotal character. — Hi'
fly, or midge, destructive to young wheat. oglyph, -glif, -glyph'ic, n.
-
Hieroglyphics,
A
Hetchel. Same as Hackle. sacred character, esp. the
Heteroclite, het'er-o-kllt, n. {Gram.) word which A picture-writing of the ancient Egyptian priests; the
is irregular or anomalous, esp. a noun irregular in figure of an animal, etc., standing for a phrase, word,
declension. Any thing or person deviating from or letter; any character or figure having a mysterious
—
common forms. Heferodox, a. Contrary to some significance. —
Hi'eroglypb/ic, -ical, a. Emblemat-
acknowledged standard, as the Bible, creed of a ic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pic-
church, etc.; not orthodox; holding opinions or doc- tures, or figures; obscure; enigmatical. Hi'erol''-
trines contrary to some acknowledged standard. — ogy> -J** n. A discourse on sacred things esp. sci- ;

Het'eroge'neal, -je'ne-al, -neous, -us, a. Differing ence of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the
in kind; having unlike qualities; dissimilar. Egyptians. — Hierophant, hi-er'o- or hi'e-ro-fant, n.
Hew, hu, v. t. [imp. hewed; p. p. hewed (hud) or A priest; one who teaches the mysteries of religion.
hewn (hun); hewing.] To cut with an ax, shape Higgle, etc. See under Hack, v. t.
/r
with a sharp instrument, chop, hack. Higgledy-piggledy, hig / gl-dY-pig gl-di, adv. In con-
Hezad, heks'ad, n. (Chem.) An atom whose equiv- fusion; topsy-turvy.
alence is 6, or which can be combined with, substi- High, hi, a. Of great altitude elevated raised up
tuted for, or replaced by, 6 atoms of hydrogen. — lofty sublime distinguished sometimes equiv-
; ;
;

;
; ;

Hex'agon, n. {Gcom.) A
plane figure of 6 sides and alent to great, used ndefinitely; possessing some
6 angles. Hexagonal, a. Having, etc. — Hex ahe / /'-
characteristic quality in a marked degree; proud ;

dron, n. A regular solid body of 6 equal faces; a violent forcible intense dear in price promi-
cube. — Hexam'eter, n. { Gr. & Lut. Pros.) A verse
;

nent; eminent, —
;

used in technical senses, as, {Fine

; ;

of 6 feet, either dactyls or spondees. a. Having, — Arts) wrought so as to be prominent from the sur-
etc. —Hexan'gular, -an'gu-ler, a. Having 6 angles face, also, in an elevated style; {Laio & Politics) re-
or corners. lating to, or derived from the sovereignty of a state,
Hey, ha, interj. An exclamation expressive of joy or as, high treason; {Chron.) remote in time or antiqui-

$ro, fSme, far, pass or opera, fare j Snd, eve, tgrin ; tn, Ice ; 5dd tone. Or \
?
 HIG-HT 179 HOARD
ty; (.Cookery.) strong-scented, as tending toward pu- body, short legs, a
trefaction; (Geog.) remote from the equator, north short tail, and skin
or south (mis.) acute or sharp.
; adv. In a high — without hair, except
manner; to a great altitude; eminently; profound- at the extremity of
ly; powerfully. —
n. An elevated place; superior the tail.
region. —Highly, -It, adv. —
High'ness, n. State of Hire, hir, v. [hired
being, etc.; a title of honor given to princes, etc. — t.
(hird), hieing.] To
Hight, n. Same as Height, q. v. — Highland, n. procure (the services
Elevated land; a mountainous region. — Highland- of another, or a
er, h. An
inhabitant of highlands; esp. of the High- chattel or estate) for Hippopotamus.
lands of Scotland. —
High'way, n. public road; A temporary use, for a
way open to all passengers; path; course. compensation; to contract with for wages; to bribe;
Hight, hit, v. i. [imp. and p. p. hight, hot, hote, to grant the use of, for compensation; to let, lease.
hoten.] To be called or named. — n. Price, reward, or compensation for the tem-
Hilarious, hi-la^rf-us, a. Mirthful merry jovial ; porary use of anything; recompense for personal
jolly. —
Hilar'ity, -lar'i-tf, n. Pleasurable excite-
; ;

service; wages; salary; pay; a bribe.

ment of the spirits; glee; merriment; jollity. Hirsute, her-suf, a. Rough with hair; set with bris-
Hill, hil, n. An eminence less than a mountain; the tles; hairy; shaggy.
earth raised about the root of a plant; a group of His, h\z,pron. See He.
plants growing together, and having earth heaped Hiss, his, v. i. [hissed (hist), hissing.] To make a
—
up about them. v. t. [hilled (hild), hilling.] To sound like that of the letter s, esp. in contempt or
surround with earth. —
HiLVy, -Y, a. Abounding disapprobation; to make a like sound, as a goose or
with, etc.— Hill'iness, n.— Hiil'ock, n. A small hill. serpent, or as water thrown on hot metal, or steam
Hilt, hilt, n. The handle of anything, esp. of a sword, escaping through a narrow orifice; to glide with a
dagger, or cutting instrument. whizzing noise. — v.t. To condemn by hissing; to
Hilum, hi'lum, n. (Bot.) The mark or scar where a procure disgrace for. n. — A
sound like that of s,
seed was attached to its base eye of a esp. as a mark of disapprobation; voice of a goose
—
;

bean, etc. or serpent. Hiss'ing, n. A

hiss; occasion of con-
Him. Himself. See under He. tempt; object of scorn and derision.
Hind, hind, n. The female of the red Hist, hist, interj. Hush; be silent.
deer or stag. Histology, his-tol'o-jT, n. Science of the minute struc-
Hind, hind, n. A
peasant; rustic; swain; Hilum ture of the tissues of plants, animals, etc.
agricultural laborer. History, his'to-rTf, n. A
statement of what is known;
Hind, hind, a. [hinder, hindmost or hindermost.] a record; description; a narrative of events; a state-
Placed in the rear, and not in front. Hind'er, a. — ment of the progress of a nation or an institution,
Pert, to that part in the rear, or which follows. — with philosophical inquiries respecting effects and
Hin'der, hTn'der, v. t. [-dered (derd), -dering.J causes. — Natural history. Description and classifi-
To prevent from moving forward; to check or re- cation of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, ani-
tard in progress; to embarrass, shut out, interrupt, mals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit
obstruct, impede, delay. v. i. —
To interpose or to the senses. —
Histo'rian, n. A writer or compiler
cause impediments. —
Hin'derance, -drance, n. Act of history; chronicler; annalist. —
Historic, -tSr /'-
of, or that which, etc. Hin'derer, n. — ik, -ical, a. Containing, pert, to, contained or ex-
Hindoo, -du, hiii'doo, n. ; pi. -doos or -nus, -dooz. One hibited in, deduced from, or representing history.
of a race inhabiting Hindostan an adjierent of ; Histrionic, his-trt-on'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a stage-
Brahmanism. —
Hin'dooism, -duism, -doo-izm, n. player, or to playing; theatrical.
The doctrines, rites, or religious principles of the Hit, hit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. hit; hitting.] To reach
Hindoos; Brahmanism. —
Hindoostan'ee, -dustan'i, with a stroke or blow; esp. to reach or touch an ob-
-stance, a. Of, or pert, to, the Hindoos or their lan- ject aimed at, as a mark, usually with force; to reach
guage. n. —The camp and court language of the or attain exactly, accord with, suit. v. i. —
To meet
Hindoos. —
Hin'dee, -di, -de, n. The purest modern or come in contact, strike; to succeed in an attempt.
dialect of, etc. —
Hin'dui, -doo-e, n. The language — n. A collision; the stroke or blow that touches
of, etc., before the Mussulman invasion, a pure — anything, —
of ten with implied luck or chance; an
Aryan tongue. apt expression or turn of thought.
Hinge, liinj, n. The hook or joint on which a door, Hitch, hich, v. i. [hitched (hicht), hitching.] To
gate, lid, etc., turns that on which anything de-
; become entangled, caught, linked, or yoked to ;

pends or turns; a governing principle, rule, or point. move spasmodically by jerks, or with stops to
— v.
;

-
t. [hinged (hinjd), hinging.] To furnish fidget, move. —
o. t. To fasten, unite, yoke, harness;
,.

with hinges. v. i. —
To stand, depend, or turn, as to raise or pull with a jerk. n. —
A catch impedi- ;

on a hinge. ment; temporary obstacle or stoppage. (Naut.) A

Hinny, hin'nY, n. The produce of a stallion and a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or
she-ass; a mule. other object.
Hint, hint, v. t. To bring to mind by a slight men- Hither, hith'er, adv. To this place. —
a. On the side
tion or. remote allusion; to allude to, suggest, im- or direction toward the person speaking; nearer.
ply. —
v. i. To make an indirect reference, etc. — n. — Hith'erto', -too', adv. To this place; up to this
A distant allusion; slight mention; intimation; in- time; as yet; until now. —
Hith'erward, adv. This
sinuation; suggestion. way; toward this place; hither.
Hip, hip, n. The lateral parts of the pelvis and the Hive, hiv, n. A box or other place for a swarm of
hip joint, with the flesh covering them; the haunch. honey-bees to live in; a swarm of bees; crowded or
(Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting busy place; company; crowd, —
v. t. [hived (hivd),
of 2 sloping sides of a roof. hiving.] To
collect into, or cause to enter, a hive;
Hip, hip, n. The fruit of the rose. to collect and lay up in store. —
v. i. To take shelter
Hipped, hipt, Hip'pish, a. Somewhat hypochondriac. or lodgings together.
Hippocampus, hip-po-kamp'us, n. A small armor- Hives, hivz, n. (Med.) A
disease, the croup; also an
plated fish, with equine head and neck and pre- eruptive disease, allied to chicken-pox.
hensile tail, allied to the pipe-fish; sea-horse. (Myth.) Ho, Hoa, ho, interj. Halloo! oho! oh! attend! a call —
One of Neptune's horses, half horse and half fish. to excite attention, or to give notice of approach;
—
Hip'podrome, -drom, n. A circus, or place in stop! standstill! hold! whoa!
which horse-races and chariot-races are performed. Hoar, hor, a. White, or grayish-white; gray or white
—
Hin'pogriff, ??. (Myth.) A monster, half horse and with age; hoary. —
Hoar'y, -1, a. White or whitish;
half griffin; a winged horse.— Hippoph'agous,-pof '- hoar. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish-
a-gus, a. Feeding on horses. —
Hippoph'agy, -a-jT, white hairs.— Hoar'iness, n. Hoar'-frost, — »(. The
n. Act or practice of, etc.— Hip'popot'amus, n. ; Eng. white particles formed by congelation of dew.—
pi. -muses, L. pi. -mi. A
herbivorous pachyderma- Hoar'hound, Hore'hound, n. A bitter plant, one
tous aquatic quadruped of Africa, having a very species of which is used for coughs.
large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy Hoard, h5rd, n. A store of anything laid up; a hidden

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HOARSE 180 HOMAGE
stock; treasure f. To collect and lay up to a given position or condition to remain fixed, as, to
;

store secretly. - To collect a hoard, Isay up a halt, stop, —

mostly in the imperative; or, to remain
store. unbroken or unsubdued; or, to last, endure; or, to
Hoarse, hors, a. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, be valid, continue on being tested; or, to remain at-
as when affected with a cold; rough; discordant. tached, cleave; to derive right or title. n. Act of
Hoax, hoks, n. A deceptive trick or story a practical ; holding; manner of holding, whether firm or loose;
joke. —v. t. [hoaxed (hokst), hoaxing.] To de- seizure; grasp; authority to take or keep; claim;
ceive; to play a trick upon for sport, or without mal- binding power and influence: something which may
ice.— Ho'cus, v. t. To deceive or cheat; to adul- be seized for support; place of confinement; prison;
terate, drug. —
n. One who, etc. —
Ho'cus-po'cus, n. custody; a fortified place. (Mm.) character [thus, A
A juggler; juggler's trick. v. t. —
To cheat. /T\\ placed over or under a note or rest, indicating
Hob, hob, n. The nave of a wheel the flat shelf at the
; that it is to be prolonged.
side of a grate, where things are placed to be kept Hold, hold, n. The interior cavity of vessel, in which
a
—
warm. Hob'nail, n. A
thick-headed nail for shoes. the cargo is stowed. See Ship.
Hob, hob, 11. A
clown; rustic; fairy. Hob'goblin, — Hole, hoi, n. A
hollow place or cavity; an excavation
n. An imp frightful apparition.
; in the ground, or a natural cavity inhabited by an
Hobble, hob'bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To walk animal; alow, narrow, or dark lodging aperture; ;

lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp; to move perforation; rent; pit; den; cell.— Hollow, hol'lo, a.
roughly or irregularly. v. t. —
To hopple, clog. n. — Containing an empty space, within a solid sub-
An unequal, halting gait difficulty perplexity.
; stance ; not solid; sunken; reverberated from a
— Hob'bledehoy', -de-hoi', -tehoy', u. stripling; a A
;

cavity, or resembling such a reverberated sound

youth between bo3 hood and manhood.
r
not sincere or faithful. n. — A
cavity; hole; exca-
;

Hobby, hob'bY, Hob'byhorse, n. A strong, active vation a low spot surrounded by elevations con-
—
; ;

horse, of middle size; an ambling horse; a nag; a cavity. v. t. [hollowed (-lod), -lowing.] To
stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride; a sub- —
make hollow, excavate. adv. So as to make hol-
ject upon which one is constantly setting off; a fav- low, or empty of resources, strength, etc.; complete-
theme of discourse, thought, or effort.
orite ly. — Hol'lowness, n. —
Hol'low-heart'ed, a. In-
Hobnob, hob'nob, adv. Take or not take, — a famil- sincere; false; not sound and true.
iar invitation to reciprocal drinking.— v. i. To drink Holiday, Holiness, etc. See under Holy.
or feast familiarly. Holland, hol'land, n. A
kind of linen first manufac-
Hock, hok, n. The hough, q. v. See Horse, —v. t. tured in Holland. —
Hollands, n. Gin made in, etc.
To hamstring; to hough. [See Hough.] Hollo, -loa, hoKlo or hol-lo', -la, -la, interj. & n. Ho;
Hock, hok, n. A light-yellowish Rhenish wine, either attend here. —Hollo, hollo or hol-lo r Holla, -la,
; ,

sparkling or still. [-laed (-lad), -laing.] v. i. To call out or exclaim;

Hockey, hok'T, n. A game at ball played with a club to halloo. —
Hol'low, -lo, interj. and v. t. Same as
hooked at the bottom. Hollo.
Hocus, Hocus-pocus. See under Hoax. Hollow, Hollowness, etc. See under Hole.
Hod, hod, n. A trough or box on a handle for carrying Holly, holTC, n. An evergreen tree or shrub having
mortar and brick; a coal-scuttle. glossy green prick-
Hodgepodge, hoj'poj, n. A mixed mass; a medley of ly leaves, and bear-
ingredients. ing berries that
Hodiernal, ho-di-er'nal, a. Of, or pert, to, the pres- turn red or yellow
ent day. about Michael-
Hoe, ho, ii. An instrument for cutting up weeds and mas; also the holm
loosening the earth. —v. t. [hoed (nod), hoeing.] oak, an evergreen
To cut, dig, scrape, or clean, or to clear from weeds, oak.
or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe. Hollyhock, hol'lY-
— v. i. To use, or labor with, a hoe. Hoe'cake, a. — hok, n. A tall
A coarse cake, of Indian meal, baked before the fire, flowering plant of
or in the ashes, —
sometimes on a hoe; a johnny- many varieties
cake. rose-mallow.
Hog, hog, n. A swine; porker; esp. a castrated boar; Holm, holm or horn.
a mean, filthy, or greedy fellow, the domesti- — |

i Holm Oak, n. The

cated animal, kept for lard and pork, being com- evergreen oak._
monly trained to gluttonous and filth}' habits. — j

Holm, holm or hom,

v. t. [hogged (hogd), -ging.] To cut short the hair n. An islet, or riv-
of. — v. i. To become bent upward in the middle, like
j

er isle; a low, flat

a hog's back. —
Hog'gish, a. Having the qualities
j

tract of rich land

of a hog; gluttonous; filthy; selfish; swinish. Hog'- — on the banks of a
sty, -sti, n. A
pen or house for swine. Hog'-frame, — river.
n. A fore-and-aft truss, on steamboats, to prevent Holocaust, hol'o-
vertical flexure. kawst, ii. A burnt Holly,
Hogshead, hogz'hed, n. An Eng. measure of capaci- sacrifice or offer-
ty =
63 wine gallons, or 52i imperial gallons; in U. ing, wholly consumed by fire ; a great slaughter.
S., a large cask, of indefinite contents. — Holograph, -graf, n. Any writing, as a letter,
Hoiden, Hoyden, hoi'dn, n. A rude, bold girl; a romp. deed, will, etc., wholly in the handwriting of the
— a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. one from whom it proceeds.
Hoist, hoist, v. t. To raise, lift; esp. to lift by means Holster, hoKster, n. A
leather case for a pistol, car-
of tackle, —
n. That by which anything is hoisted; ried by a horseman.
act of hoisting. (Naut.) The perpendicular height Holy, holT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Set apart to the ser-
of a flag or sail. —
Hoist' way, n. An opening in vice or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; accept-
floors of a warehouse, etc., through which to hoist able to God free from sinful affections pure ;

goods. guiltless. —
;

Holiness, n. His Holiness. —title of A

;

Hoity-toity, hoi'ti-toi'tL, a. Thoughtless, giddy, the Pope and of Greek bishops. Ho'ly-day, n. — A
flighty,— used also as an exclamation, denoting sur- consecrated day; religious anniversary or festival;
prise, with some degree of contempt. a festival of any kind; holiday. [In the latter sense,
Held, hold, v. t. [held or (Law) holden; holding.] holidayis the preferable spelling.]- Hoi 'iday, hSK-,
To sustain, restrain, keep in tke grasp, retain; to ji. A festival day; day of exemption from labor;
maintain possession of, or authority over, defend; day of amusement or of joy and gayety a. Pert. —
to be in possession of, derive title to; to impose re- to, etc.; joyous; gay. —
Ho'ly-stone, n. (Kaut.)
.

A
straint upon; to keep up in being or action, carry on, stone for cleaning the decks of ships. v. t. To —
continue; to prosecute, have, take, or join in; to con- scrub with, etc.
tain, as a vessel, anything put into it; to have ca- Homage, honT'ej, n. (Feud. Lata.) An acknowledg-
pacity for; to accept (an opinion), maintain; to con- ment made by a tenant to his lord, on receiving in-
sider, regard, account, —v. i. To keep one's self in vestiture of fee, that he was his man, or vassal. Re-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 HOME 181 HOOF
speet or reverential regard; esp., respect paid by ex- lectedby bees from flowers, and stored in honey-
ternal action obeisance reverential worship de- comb; that which is sweet or pleasant; sweet one;
vout affection.
; ; ;

darling. — v. i. [honeyed (-id), -eying.] To use

—
Home, horn, n. The house in which one resides; place endearments to practice servile flattery, fawn.
or country in which one dwells; all that pertains to v.t. To make luscious,
;

sweeten. —
Hon'ey -bag, n.
a dwelling-place. a. —
Pert, to one's dwelling, The receptacle for honey
country, or family; domestic; close; pointed.— adv. in a bee. comb, n. The
To one's home or country; close closely; to the ; mass of waxen cells,
point. —
Home' lb33, a. Destitute of a home. formed by bees, for their
Home'ly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Belonging to home; honey, eggs, etc. ; any
domestic; familiar; plain; rude in appearance; un- substance, perforated
polished: of plain features; not handsome.— Home'-
liness, n.— Home'sick, a. Depressed in spirits by
home.
from —
Home'sickness, n. — honey-comb. dew, n.
A sweet, saccharine sub-
—
with cells like those of a

separation
Home'spun, Spun or wrought at home; coarse;
a. stance, found on the .

manner; rude.
plain; plain in n. Cloth made at leaves of plants in drops,
home. — Home'stead, n. The inclosure or ground like dew. guide, n. An
immediately connected with a mansion; home or African bird, allied to Honey-comb.
seat of a family. (Law.) A
person's dwelling-place, the cuckoo, which, by its
—
with that part of his landed property contiguous to motions and cries, leads to hives of wild honey.
— Home'-
I

— Home'ward, adv. Toward -lo'cust, n. A N. Amer. tree, having long pods with
it.
bred, a. Bred at home native
uncultivated. — -made, a. Made
: ;
home.
domestic
at home ;
; rude
of do-
;
j

|
a sweet pulp between the seeds.
first month after marriage.
moon. n. The
-suck'le, n. One of —
—
mestic manufacture.
j

several species of flowering plants, from whose co-

Homeopathy, ho-me-op r a-thT, n. (Med.) Theory that rolla a drop of honey may be sucked.
disease is cured by remedies which produce on a Honor. on"er, n. Esteem due to worth; when said of
healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the Supreme Being, reverence, veneration mani- ;

the patient's complaint, the remedies being usually festation of respect or reverence; that which right-
administered in minute doses. —
Ho'meopatb/ic, a. fully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration,
Of, or pert, to, etc. —
Ho'meop'athist, Ho'meopath, esp., excellence of character, in men, integrity; in —
n. A
believer in, or practitioner of, etc. Homoiou '- — /
,

j
women, chastity; a nice sense of what is right, just,
sian, -moi-6VzI-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who held and true, with a correspondent course of life; dig-
that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence |
nity high rank
; reputation a mark of respect.
; ;

with the Father, —

opp. to homoousian, q. v., under pi. Academic or university prizes or distinctions;
HOMOCENTRIC.
j

in certain games, the 4 highest cards— the ace, king,

Homer, ho'mer, n. A Hebrew measure, — as a liquid queen, and jack. —
v. t. [honored (on^erd), -or-
ing.] To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or
j

measure, 75 wine gallons; as a dry measure, 11 l-9th

bushels. I
respect, —
when said respecting the Supreme Being,
Homeric, ho-raer'ik, a. Pert, to Homer, the poet of to adore, worship; to dignify, elevate in rank or sta-
Greece, or to his poetry.
|

tion. (Com.) To accept and pay when due. — Hon'-

Homicide, hom'T-sid, n. The killing of any human orable, a. Worthy of honor; estimable actuated ;

being by the act of man; manslaughter; one who by principles of honor; proceeding from an upright
kills another; a manslayer. and laudable cause; conferring honor performed ;

Homily, hom'T-lT, n. A plain and familiar sermon; a or accompanied with marks of honor; an epithet of
serious discourse. —
Homilefics, n. sing. Science of distinction; becoming men of rank and character.
preaching or of preparing and delivering homilies or — Hon'ora'rium, Hon'orary, -rT, n. fee offered to A
sermons. professors in universities, and to medical or other
Hominy, hom^i-nT, n. Maize hulled and broken, but professional gentlemen. —
Hon'orary, a. Confer-
coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water ring, or intended merely to confer, honor; possess-
and boiled. ing title or place without performing services or re-
Hommock, horn'mok, n. A hillock;
small eminence. ceiving reward. —
Hon'est, a. Decent; honorable;
Homocentric, ho-mo-sen'trik, a. Having the same cen- fair; good; unimpeached: fair in dealing with oth-
ter.—Homocer r cal,-ser , kal, a. (Ichth.) ers; upright; just; free from fraud; equitable; ac-
Having the tail symmetrical, the ver- cording to truth; proceeding from just principles, or
tebral column terminating at its com- directed to a good object; chaste; virtuous. Hon'- —
mencement,— opp. to hcterocercal.— estly, -IT, adv. —
Hon'esty, -tT, n. Quality or state of
HomoBop'athy, n. Same as Homeop- being honest; upright disposition or conduct; integ-
athy. — Jomoge'neal, -je'ne-al, -ne- rity; probity: faithfulness; honor; justice; equity;
oas, -ne-us, a. Of the same kind or candor; veracity.
nature; consisting of elements of the Homocercal Hood, hot>d, n. A
covering for the head, which leaves
like nature. — Hd'mogene'ity, -ne'T- .. only the face exposed; anything resembling a hood
tT, -ge'neousness, n. Sameness of kind Ctaii o± a, her- in form or use, as, the top of a carriage, or a chim-
or nature; uniformity of structure or rln »> ney-top, often movable on a pivot. r. t. To cover —
material. — Homogen'esis, n. That method of nat- or furnish with a hood; to cover, hide— Hood'-cap, «.
ural descent in which the successive generations are A kind of seal, hav-
alike; gamogenesis, —
opp. to heterogenesis. Homol''- — ing a membranous
ogous, -gus, a. Having the same relative position, muscular sac over
proportion, value, or structure. — Hom'ologue, -log, itshead, which it
A word inflates when
n. That which is, etc.— Hom'onym, -nim, «T
having the same sound as another, but differing from
it in meaning,— as the noun bear and the verb bear.
alarmed.
ing,
—
mold / -
-moulding, n
— Homon'ymous, -T-mus, a. Having different sig- (Arch.) A project-
nifications, or applied to different things; equivocal; in g molding, a s
ambiguous. — Homon'ymy, -mT, n. Sameness be- over the head of
tween words which differ in signification; ambigu- the arch of a Goth-
ity. — Ho'mocu'sian, -mo-od'zi-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) ic door or win-
One of a sect who maintained that the Son had the dow ; drip -stone.
same essence with the Father,— opp. to liomoiousian, — Hood'wink, r. t.

q. v., under Homeopathy. [-winked (-winkt), Ilnnil-nMkliir.:'-.

Homony. Same as Hominy. -W INKING.] To
Hone, hon, n. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- blind by covering the eyes; to cover, hide; to impose
ening instruments, esp. razors. v. t. [HONED — on.
(hond), honing.] To sharpen on a hone. Hoodlum, hood'him, n. In California, etc., a rough;
Honest, Honesty, etc. See under Honok. rowdv; ragamuffin; blackguard.
Honey, hun'I, n. A sweet, viscid fluid, esp. that col- Hoof, hoof or hot>f, n. ; pi. Hoofs, rarely Hooves. The

siin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bONboN, chair, get.
 HOOK 182 HORSE
horny substance that covers or terminates the feet tal, a.Pert, to, near, or parallel to, etc. ; on a level;
of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, measured or contained in a plane of the horizon.—
deer, etc.: see Horse. An
animal; a beast. Hor'izon'taHy, adv.
Hook, h<56k, n. Some hard material, bent into a curve Horn, h6rn, n. A hard, projecting, and usually curved
for catching, holding, or sustaining anything ; a and pointed organ, growing from the heads of cer-
snare; a scythe or sickle; a bolt or spike with a ver- tain animals; something made of, or like a horn, as,
tical pin at one end. —
v. t. [hooked (hot>kt), hook- a wind instrument of music; or, a drinking-cup; or,
ing.] To catch or fasten, seize or draw, with a hook; a utensil for holding powder; something resembling
to draw or obtain by artifice, insnare; to steal. v. —
a horn in position or projection; the tough fibrous
i. To bend, be curved.— Hooked, h<56k'ed or h<56kt, material of which horns are composed. (Script.)
a. Hook-shaped; curvated; provided with a hook. A symbol of strength, power, exaltation. An em-
— Hook'edness, n. blem of a cuckold, chiefly in pi.— v. t. [horned —
Hookah, hdok'a, n. A
kind of pipe, used in the (hornd), horning.] To furnish with horns; to give
Orient, having a long, flexible stem, in which the the shape of a horn to; to cuckold.— Horned, hornd, a.
smoke_of the tobacco passes through water. Having, or shaped like, etc. Horn'y, -T, a. [-iee, —
Hoop, hoop or hot>p, n. A circular band of wood or -iest.] Consisting of horns or of a horn-like sub-
metal, esp. one for holdiug together the staves of stance; hard; callous. Horn '-book, n. A primer, —
casks, etc.; a flattened ring; a circle, or combination —
formerly covered with horn to protect it; any ele-
of rings of elastic material, for expanding the skirts mentary text-book hand-book. mad, a. Mad ;

of dresses,— chiefly in pi. a quart pot,— orig. bound as one who has been horned or cuckolded; stark
—
;

with hoops, like a barrel. v. t. [hooped (hdopt), mad; raving crazy. owl, n. species of owl, A
hooping.] To bind or fasten with hoops; to clasp, having 2 tufts of feathers on its head. stone,
encircle. n. (Min.) A silicious stone resembling flint, but
Hoop, hoop, v. i. To whoop, q. v. Hoop'er, n. A — more brittle. Horn'beam, n. A tree having a —
wad swan, which utters a note like whoop.— Hoop'- smooth, gray bark and white and very hard wood.
ing-cough, n. A cough in which the patient whoops, —Horn 'bill, n. A large bird of
with a deep inspiration of breath. Africa and Asia, having a large
Hoosier,_hoo , zher, n. A citizen of Indiana. bill curving downward, on
Hoot, hoot, v. i. To cry out or shout in contempt; to which is a process resembling
cry as an owl. —
v. t. To utter contemptuous cries another growing upward. —
or shouts at. — n. A cry in contempt; cry of an owl. Horn'blende, n. (Min.) A com-
Hoove, hoov, Hoven, hov'n, n. A disease in cattle, mon mineral, occurring massive,
with inflation of the stomach by gas. or in prismatic crystals, and of
Hop, hop, v. i. [hopped (hopt), -ping.] To leap on various colors: it consists essen-
one leg; to skip, as birds do; to move by leaps, as tially of silica combined with
toads do. — n. —
A jump a dance. Hop/'per, n. magnesia, lime, or iron. Hor'-
;
—
One who hops; a trough through which grain passes net, n. large, strong, venom- A
into a mill by jolting or shaking; a vessel in which ous wasp.— Horn 'pipe, n. An
seed-corn is carried for sowing. —
Hop'-scotch, n. A instrument of music consisting
child's game, in which a stone is driven by the foot of a wooden pipe, with holes, and
from one compartment to another of a figure traced a horn at each end; a lively air
or scotched upon the ground.— Hop'ple, -pi, v.t. of compound triple time; a Brit-
[-pled (-pld), -pling.] To tie the feet of loosely to- ish dance. HornbiU.
ether, to prevent running or leaping. — n. A fetter Horologue, Horoscope, etc. See under Houe.
for horses, or other animals, turned out to graze. Horror, hor'rer, n. A shaking, shivering, or shudder-
Hop, hop, n. A twining vine pi. its bitter, aromatic
; ing, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; a pain-
flower-scales and fruit, ful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence that ;

dried and used in brew- which excites horror or dread.— Hor'rible, -rt-bl, a.
ing, cooking, and medi- Exciting, or tending to excite, horror; dreadful; aw-
cine.— Hop'-bine, -bind, ful; shocking; hideous; horrid.— Hor'rid, a. Rough;
w. The stalk or vine on bristling; prickly; fitted to excite horror; very offen-
whichhops grow. sive or disagreeable.— Hor'rify, -rt-fl, v. t. [-fied
Hope, hop, n. A desire of (-fid), -fying.] To make horrible, strike with horror.
some good, with at least —
Horrific, a. Causing horror; frightful.
a slight belief that it is Horse, h6rs, n. A hoofed quadruped used for draught
obtainable ; that which
gives hope or furnishes
ground of expectation;
thing which is hoped
for; anticipation; trust;
belief; confidence. —
v. i.
[hoped (hopt), hoping.]
To entertain hope, place
confidence. —v. t. To
desire with expectation.
— Hope'ful, -fill, a. Full
of hope; having qualities
which excite hope ;

promising— Hope'fully, Hop.

adv.— Hope'fulness, n.
— Hopeless, a. Destitute of hope; despairing; giv-
ing no ground of hope; desperate; unhoped for; un-
expected. — Hopelessly, adv. —Hopelessness, n.
Horal, Horary. See under Houe.
Horde, hord, n. A wandering troop or gang; esp. a
clan or tribe of a nomadic people possessing no fixed
habitations. , ears; 2, forelock; 3, fore- flank ; 26, belly ; 27, haunch ;
Horehound. See Hoaehound, under Hoae. head ; 4, eye 5, eye-pits; 6, ; 28, thigh ; 29, buttock ; 30,
/,
Horizon, ho-ri zun, n. The apparent junction of the nose 7, nostril
; 8, point of ; stifle; 31, leg ; 32, tail ; 33,
earth and sky. (Astron.) A plane passing through nose 9, lips 10, nether jaw
; ; ; hock 34, cannon or shank-
;

the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the 11, cheek 12, poll 13, mane;
; ; bone 35, arms 36, knees
; ; ;

vertical at a given place, —

called the sensible hori-
14, withers; 15, parotid
glands 16, throat 17, neck
; ;
37, passage for the girths ;
38, elbow 39, shank 40, bul-
; ;
zon; a plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a ;

place, and passing through the earth's center, — 18, jugular vein
der 20, chest
19, shoul-
21, ribs
; let
net
; 41, pasterns
43, foot
; 42, coro-
44, hoof ; 45,
called the rational or celestial horizon. Hor / izon / — '-
;

back 23, loins 24, hip 25,

;
22,;

; ;
;

fetlock.
; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm 5 In, Ice ; 5dd, or;
 HORTATION 183 HOWEL
or the saddle; the male of the genus horse, disting. —
v.t. [houghed (hokt), houghing.] To disable
fr. the female mounted soldiery, cavalry (used
; by cutting the sinews of the leg; to hamstring.
without pi. termination); a frame with legs used for Hound, hownd, n. hunting dog; prop., one which A
supporting something. {Mining.) A
mass of earthy hunts game by the scent. v. t. lo incite, as a —
matter inclosed between branches of a vein. (Naut.) hound, to pursuit; to hunt, chase; to urge on, as by
A foot-rope from the middle of a yard to its extrem- hounds; to incite or spur on.
ity; a thick rope near the mast for hoisting a yard or Hour, owr, n. Sixty minutes; the time of the day, as
extending a sail on it.— v. t. [horsed (hdrst), hous- indicated by a timepiece ; fixed or appointed time ;
ing.] To provide with a horse or horses; to ride or conjuncture; limit of the time appointed for one's
sit on anything astride to cover (a mare)
; said of —
regular labor, —
as, after hows. pi. (Myth.) God-
—
the male. —Horse'' man, n. ; pi. -men. rider on
—A Hourly,
desses of the seasons, etc.
horseback. (Mil.) A mounted soldier. Horse'man- -II, a. Happening or done every hour;
ship, n. Act or art of riding, and of training and occurring every hour; frequent; often
—
managing horses; manege. Horse'shoe, n. An iron repeated; continual. — adv. Every
shoe for horses, shaped like the letter u anything so hour; frequently.— Hour'-glass, n. An
;

—
ehaped. Horse'-bean, n. A
kind of small bean usu- instrument for measuring time, esp.
ally given to horses.
— — car, n. A railroad car drawn
by horses. chest/nut, -ches'nut, n. tree bearing A
the interval of an hour, by the running
of sand out of a glass vessel. Hor'o- —
snowy flowers and large nuts, said to have been — loge, hSr'o-loj n.
3, hSr'o-loj, timepiece of any A
brought fr. Constantinople; the nut. [So called be- d. Horolog'ical, -18Vik-al, a. —
cause the nut was ground and given a
horses.] — formerly
latitudes, n. pi. A
sailor's name for 2
zones of calms and baffling winds, one in each hemis-
to Pert, to horologe, or to horology.—
Horol'ogy, -it, n. Science of measur- txoux-'
ingtime.— Hor'oscope, -skop, w. (Astrol.) An obser-
phere,— said to be very fatal to horses on shipboard. vation of the heavens at the moment of a person's
laugh, n. A
loud, coarse, boisterous laugh.— birth, by which astrologers claimed to foretell the
-pow'er, n. The power which a horse is capable of events of his life scheme of 12 houses or signs of the ;

exerting. (Mack.) A standard by which the capa- zodiac, into which the circuit of the heavens was
bilities of steam engines, etc., are measured, esti- —
divided for such prediction of fortune.
mated as 33,000 pounds raised 1 foot in a minute. A
Houri, hoWrT or hoc'rT, n. nymph of paradise, A
machine operated by horses.
horses. — race, n. — race by A
so called by Mohammedans.
radish, n. (Bot.) A cruciferous herb, al- House, hows, n. ; pi. Houses, howz'ez. building A
lied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, used as a shelter for animals of any kind esp. one ;

used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. for the habitation of man a dwelling ; mansion ;
— rake, n. A rake drawn by horse-power.
Hortation, h6r-ta r shun, n. Act of giving advice.
tenement ; household affairs; domestic concerns; a
household; family; a race of persons from the same
;

Horticulture, hSr'tT-kul'chur, n. Art of cultivating stock a tribe esp. a noble or illustrious race ; a
; ;

gardens; cultivation of a garden or orchard. body of men united in their legislative capacity.
Hosanna, ho-zan'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. An exclama- ( Com.) A
firm or commercial establishment. (As-
tion of praise to God. trol.) A 12th part of the heavens. An inn; hotel; an
Hose, hoz, n. ; pi. Hose, formerly Hosen, ho'zn. audience; assembl}- of hearers. House, howz, v. t. —
Close-fitting breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to [housed (howzd), housing.] To shelter, protect by
the knee; stockings; a flexible pipe to' convey water. covering. r. i. —
To take shelter or lodgings, abide,
— Ho'sier, -zher, n. One who deals in hose, or in dwell.— House'hold, n. Those who dwell under the
goods knit or woven like hose. —
Ho'siery, -zhgr-t, same roof and compose a family. a. Belonging to —
n. Business of a hosier; stockings and knit goods. the house and family; domestic. House'holder, n. —
Hospice, hos'pes, n. A place of refuge or entertain- The head of a family; one who occupies a house.
ment for Alpine travelers kept by monks, who also House'keeper, n. One who occupies a house with his
occupy it as a convent. —
Hos'pitable, -pl-ta-bl, a. family; a householder; a female servant who has the
Receiving and entertaining strangers without re- chief care of the family. House'' wife, hows'wlf or —
ward; kind to guests; proceeding from or indicating huz'wlf, n. The mistress of a family; a little case
kindness to guests. — Hos'pital, n. building in A for materials used in sewing, etc., — prop, hussif, q.
which the sick are treated: a refuge for the disabled, v.— House'wifely, -IT, a. Pert, to a housewife, or to
infirm, or dependent. —
Hos'pitarity, -Y-tY, «._ Act female management of home affairs; like a house-
or practice of one who is hospitable. —
Host, host, n. wife.— House'wifery, huz /r wif-rY, n. Business of the
One from whom another receives food, lodging, or mistress of a family; female management of domes-
entertainment; a landlord.— Host'ess, n. A female tic concerns.— House'-break'er, n. One who feloni-
host or innkeeper. —Hostler, hoslgr or osier, n.
One who has the care of horses at an inn; stable-boy;
ously breaks into a house.
— treak'ing, n. Act of, etc.
warm'ing, n. An entertainment given when a
—
groom.— Hotel', n. An inn or public house; esp. one family enters a new house.
of some style or pretensions. Housing, howz'ing, n. saddle-cloth horsecloth ; A ;

Host. See under Hospice. act of putting under shelter. (Arch.) Space taken
Host, host, n. An army any great number or multi-
; out of one solid, to admit the insertion of another ;

tude. —Hostile, hSs'til, a. Pert., or appropriate to, a niche for a statue. (Mach.) The part of the
an enemy; inimicil; adverse; repugnant. Hostil- —
framing which holds a journal-box in place up- ;

ity, -tiKl-tY, n. State of being hostile; act of an open rights supporting the cross-slide of a planer.
enemy, esp. in plural, acts of warfare. Hove. See Heave.
Host, host, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) The consecrated Hovel, huvl, n. An open shed for sheltering cattle,
wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, offered in etc., from weather; a small, mean house. v. t. —
the mass as a sacrifice. [hoveled (-Id), -eling.] To put in a hovel, shelter.
Hostage, hos'tej, n. Aperson given as a security for Hover, huv'gr, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -eking.] To hang
the performance of conditions. fluttering in the air. or upon the wing to move to ;

Hostess, etc. See under Hospice. and fro in the neighborhood of.
Hostile, etc. See under Host, an army. How, how, adv. In what manner or way ; by what
Hot, hot, a. [hotter hottest.] Having much
; means to what degree or extent in what propor-
; ;

sensible heat characterized by heat, ardor, or ani- tion; for what reason in what state, condition, or
—
; ;

mation lustful ; lewd ; acrid biting ; pungent

; ; plight. Howbe'it, conj. Be it as it may; neverthe-
fiery; eager; brisk; violent; furious. less; notwithstanding; yet; but; however. How- —
Hotchpotch, hoch'poch, n. A
confused mixture of eVer, arfn. In whatever manner or degree; at all
ingredients. (Law.) A
blending of property for events; at least.— con?. Nevertheless: notwithstand-
equality of division. In Scot., a kind of mutton ing yet still though. ; How'soev'er, adv. In
; ;
—
brnth, containing green peas, carrots, etc. what manner soever; to whatever degree however. ;

Hotel, etc. See under Hospice. Howdah, how'da, n. seat on the back of an ele- A
Hough, hok, n. The hock, the joint on the hind leg phant or camel.
of a quadruped, between knee and fetlock : see Howel, how'el, n. cooper's plane for smoothing A
Horse ; the posterior part of the knee-joint in man. and chamfering the inside of casks, etc.
sun, cube, full ; moon, l'o"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HOWITZER 184 HUMP
Howitzer, how'its-Sr n. {Mil.) A short, large bore very small Amer. bird of many species, remarkable
cannon, with for the metallic brilliancy of its plumage, its swift
or without a motion, and the humming sound of its wings when
cha m
b e r, in- in flight, or hovering about flowers in pursuit of in-
tended to sect food.
throw large Hum, hum, interj. Ahem; hem, a sound with a —
projectiles with pause implying doubt and deliberation.
small charges. Human, hu'man, a. Pert, to man or mankind; hav-
Howl, h o w v. I, ing the qualities or attributes of man. Hu'manly, —
i. [HOWLED -IT, adv. After the manner of men. Hu'manist, n. —
(howld),HO\v One who pursues the study of the humanities, or po-
ING.] To CI Howitzer. lite literature; one versed in the knowledge of hu-
as a dog or wolf; to utter a loud, protracted, and
I

j
—
man nature. Human'ity, -I-tT, n. Quality of be-
mournful sound to utter a sound of distress, wail ing human; mankind collectively; quality of being
—
; j

to roar, as a tempest. v. t. To utter with outcry. humane kindness; benevolence; mental cultiva-
—
! ;

n. The protracted cry of a dog, etc. a loud cry ; tion; liberal education, pi. The branches of polite
of distress; yell. —
Howl'et, n. An owl; owlet. or elegant learning; belles-lettres. Hu'manize, v. t. —
Hoy, hoi, n. (N'aut.) coasting vessel for passengersA I

[-ized (-izd), -izing.] To render human or humane.

and goods, usually a sloop.
i

— v. i. To become or be made more humane to be- ;

—
i

Hub, hub, n. The central part or nave of a wheel come civilized, be ameliorated. Human'ita'rian,
hilt of a weapon projecting obstruction mark at
; ; -rl-an, n. One who holds that Jesus Christ was
which quoits, etc., are cast block for scotching a ; merely a man; one who practices humanity or be-
wheel; a fluted steel screw for cutting chasing tools, i
nevolence. {Philos.) One who limits the sphere of
etc.; a punch for making die-matrixes. duties to human relations and affections, excluding
Hubbub, hub'bub, n. A
great noise of confused voices; the spiritual. —a. Pert, to humanitarians; benevo-
a tumult; uproar; riot. lent; philanthropic; ethical, disting. fr. religious. —
Huckaback, huk'a-bak, n. A
kind of linen with raised — Human'ita'rianism, -izm, n. Doctrine or practice
figures, for table-cloths and towels. of, etc. —
Humane'', -man'', a. Having the feelings
Huckleberry, huk'l-ber'ri, n. A branching shrub, of proper to man, and a disposition to treat others with
several species, producing a small, black, edible kindness ; kind ; benevolent ; merciful ; tending to
berry; the fruit of this shrub. [Written also whortle- refine.
berry.'] Humble, hum'bl or um'bl, a. [-bler. -blest.] Low;
Huckster, huk'ster, n. retailer of small articles A unpretending; mean; thinking lowly of one's self
—
a peddler hawker a mean, trickish fellow.
; v. i.
;
— not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest; meek.
To deal in some small articles, or in petty bargains. v. t. [humbled (-bid), -bling.] To bring low, re-
Huddle, hud'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To press duce the power, independence, or exaltation of,
or hurry in disorder to crowd together confusedly. bring down; to make lowly in mind, abase the pride
— v. t. To hurry and slight; to put on, put together,
;

of, degrade, sink. —

Hum'bly, -bit, adv. Hum'ble- —
or put away hastily or in disorder. — n. confused A ness, n. —
Humiliate, hu-mil'I-at, v. t. To reduce to
crowd of persons or things; tumult; confusion. a lower position, humble, depress, abase. HumiP- —
Hue, hu, n. Color; shade; tint; dye. ia'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Humil'- —
Hue, hu, n. A shouting or vociferation. ity, -ti, n. State or quality of being humble; lowli-
Huff, huf, n. A fit of petulance or anger a boaster. ;
— ness of mind; modesty; diffidence.
V. t. [HUFFED (lmft), HUFFING.] To swell, puff up Humble-bee, hum'bl-be, n. A large, hairy bee, of many
to treat with insolence, bully. v. i. To dilate, swell — ;

species, having nests in the ground; a bumble-bee.

up; to take offense; to bluster, storm. Humbles, Umbles, um'blz, Nom'bles, n. pi. The en-
Hug, hug, v. t. [hugged (hugd), -ging.] To embrace trails of a deer or other beast. To eat humble pie. —
closely; clasp to the bosom; to hold fast, treat with To take up with mean fare, accept humiliation,
fondness to cherish in the mind. (Na.ut.) To keep apologize abjectly.
close to. —
;

n. A close embrace; clasp; gripe. Humbug, Humdrum. See under Hum.

Huge, huj, a. Very large or great monstrous im- ; ; Humerus, hu'mer-us, n. The shoulder the upper ;

mense; extended; gigantic; vast. arm; esp. the long bone fr. shoulder to elbow.
Hugger-mugger, hug'ger-mug'ger, n. Privacy se- ; Humid, hu'mid, a. Containing sensible moisture ;

crecy. —
a. Secret; sly; disorderly; mean. damp; moist.— Humid'ity, -T-tT,w. Moisture; damp-
Huguenot, hu'ge-not, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A French Prot- ness; degree of wetness or saturation.
estant of the period of the religious wars in France Humming-bird. See under Hum.
in the 16th century. Hummock, hum'mok, n. A rounded knoll or hillock;
Hulk, hulk, n. The body of a vessel; esp. the body of a ridge or pile of ice on an ice-field; timbered land.
an old ship unfit for service anything bulky or un- Humor, hu'mer or u'mer, n. Moisture any fluid of
;

—
;

wieldy. Hulking, a. Heavy; unwieldy. an animal body except blood, esp. a portion of the
Hull, hul, n. The outer covering'of anything, esp. of eye. {Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid,
a nut or of grain; the husk. (jSTaut.) The frame or such as often causes an eruption on the skin; an
body of a vessel: see Ship. v. t. [hulled (huld), —
eruptive affection of the skin; a rash. State of mind
hulling.] To strip off or separate the hull or hulls (formerly fancied to depend on the condition of the
of; to pierce the hull of (a ship). fluids of the body); disposition; temper; whim; ca-
Hum, hum, v. i. [hummed (humd), -ming.] To make price present disposition; that quality of the im-
;

a dull, prolonged, nasal sound, like that of a bee in agination which excites mirth by ludicrous images
flight; to drone, murmur, buzz, drawl; to make as or representations wit satire pleasantry.
; v. t.
; ;
—
if speaking, but without opening the mouth, or ar- [humored (-merd), -moring.] To comply with the
ticulating; to mumble.— v. t. To sing with shut humor of, please by indulgence, favor; to adapt one's
mouth; to murmur without articulation; to make a self to. —
Hu' moral, a. Pert, to, or proceeding from,
murmur or buzz of approbation, —n. Noise of bees the humors. —
Hu'moralism, -izm, n. State of be-
in flight, of a revolving top, whirling wheel, etc.; ing humoral; doctrine that diseases have their seat in
any inarticulate buzzing the humors or fluids of the body. Hu'morism, n. —
sound; an imposition or (Med.) Humoralism. Humorousness. Hu'morist, —
hoax.— Hum'bug, n. Im- n. One who attributes diseases to the diseased state
position under fair pre- i
of the humors one who has strong peculiarity of
;

tenses; a hoax; one who character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical

hoaxes an impostor. — j

ways one who has a playful fancy or genius a ;

V. t.
;

[humbugged ;
;

—
wag; droll. Hu'morous, -us, a. Subject to be gov-
(-bugd), -ging.] To de- j
erned by humor or caprice; full of humor; exciting
ceive, impose on, cajole. laughter; jocose; wittv; merry; capricious; whimsi-
— Hum 7
' drum, a. Dull;
[

cal. —
Hu^morously, -It, adv. Hu'morousness, n. —
stupid: commonplace. — Humming-bir'?
i

— Hu'morsome, -sum, a. Influenced by humor.

Hum' ming -bird, n. A Hump, hump, n. A
protuberance; bunch; esp. the

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Sod, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 HUNCH 185 HYDRA
protuberance formed by a crooked back; a hunch. corn; a meeting of neighbors, to assist in husking
—
Hump , back, n. A crooked back; hunchback. >»» corn. —
Husk'y, -i, a. Abounding with, consisting
Hunch, hunch, n. A hump; protuberance; a thick of, or like busies.
piece hunk a push or jerk, as with the elbow.
; ;
—
Husky, husk'!, a. Rough in tone; hoarse; raucous.
V. t. [HUNCHED (huncht), HUNCHING.] To push Hussar, huz-zar', «. {Mil.) Orig. one of the national
with the elbow or with a sudden jerk; to crook, as cavalry 'of Hungary and Croatia; now one of the
the back.— Hunch'back, n. A
humpback; one who light cavalry of European armies.
has, etc. Hussif, huz'zif n. case for thread, needles, etc.,
, A —
Hundred, hun'dred, n. The number of ten times ten; called also housewife.
a division of a county in Eng., supposed to have Hussy, huz'zl, n. An ill-behaved woman or girl; a
originally contained 100 families, or freemen. a. —
jade; pert girl: a case for thread, needles, etc.: see
—
Ten times 10; <J0 and 10. Hun'dredth, a. Next fol- Hussif. Hus'wife, -zif or -wif n. — female econ- , A
lowing in order the yyth; forming one of 100 parts omist or housekeeper; a worthless woman: a case for
into which anything is divided. —
n. One of 100 equal sewing materials. See Housewife. Hus'wifery, —
parts into which one whole is divided. n. Management of family concerns by a woman.
Hung. See Hang. Hustings, hus'tingz, n. pi. The principal court of the
Hunger, hun'ger, n. A
craving for food; any eager city of London, held before the lord mayor, record-
desire. v. i. —
[hungered (-gerd), -gering.] To er, and aldermen: place where the election of a mem-
crave food; to long for. v. t. —
To make hungry, ber of Parliament is held; platform on which candi-
famish. — Hun'gry, -grT, a. [-grier, -griest.] Reel- dates stand.
ing hunger; having an eager desire; showing hun- Hustle, hus'l, v. t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To shake
ger; not rich or fertile; poor; barren. Hun'grily, —
together in confusion, jostle, shove about roughly.
-II, adv. Hut, hut, n. small house, or cabin. A
v. t. To place —
Hunk, hunk, n. A
large lump or piece; a hunch.— in huts, as troops in winter quarters.
Hunk'er, n. One opposed to progress in politics; a Hutch, huch, n. A chest, box, etc., for storing things;
conservative; fogy. Hunks, n.— A
covetous, sordid a coop for rabbits; a low-wheeled car in a mine.
man; a miser; niggard. Huzza, huz-zii/, n. shout of joy. — interj. Hurrah! A
Hunt, hunt, ?'. t. To follow after (game or wild ani- —
v. i. [huzzaed (-zad'), -zaing.] To utter a shout
mals); to chase; to search diligently after, pursue.— of joy, approbation, or encouragement.
v. i. To follow the chase, go out in pursuit of game; Hyacinth, hi'a-sinth, n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant of
to seek by close pursuit, search, n. —
chase of A
many varieties, bearing spikes of fra-
wild animals, for catching them; pursuit; search; an grant flowers: the "wild hyacinth"
association of huntsmen. —
Hunt' er, n. One who {Eastern quamash) and " Peruvian
Eursues wild animals, a huntsman; a dog, also a hyacinth" are varieties of scilla.
orse, used in the chase; a watch which has the crys- Ofin.) A
red variety of zircon, some-
tal protected by a metallic cover. times used as a gem.
Hurdle, her'dl, n. A
framework of withes and stakes Hybrid, hybrid or hib'rid, ??. An ani-
or of iron; aerate. mal or plant produced from mixture
Hurdy-gurdy, her'di-geVdl. of 2 species; a mongrel; mule. a. —
n. A
stringed instrument Produced from, etc.
of music, whose sounds are Hydra, hi'dra, n. ; E. pi. -dras, -draz,
produced by the friction of L. pi. -DRyE, -dre. {Myth.) water- A
.a wheel, and regulated by Hurdy-gurdy, serpent having many heads, one of
the fingers. which, being cut oft, was succeeded
Hurl, herl, v. t. [hurled (herld), hurling.] To send by another, unless the wound was
whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw vio- cauterized. multifarious evil, or A
lently. n. —
Act of hurling; a cast; fling. one not to be repressed by a single
Hurra, -rah, hoor-raV, interj. Huzza! a shout of joy or effort. {ZooJ.) minute kind of fresh A
exultation. water polyp. Hy'drous, -drus, a. —
Hurricane, hur'ri-kan, n. A violent storm, character- Containing water, watery. Hy- —
ized by fury of the wind and its sudden changes. drangea, -je-a, n. {Bot.) shrubby Hyacinth. A
Hurry, hur'rl, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -eying.] To hasten, genus of plants bearing opposite
urge onward; to cause to be done quickly; to im- leaves and large heads of showy flowers. Hy'drant, —
pel to violent or thoughtless action to precipitate, n. A
pipe or spout at which water may be drawn
—
;

expedite, quicken. v. i. To move or act with haste from the mains of an aqueduct: a water-plug; street
or precipitation.— n. Act of hurrying; haste; speed; fountain.— Hy'drate, -drat, n. {Chem.) A compound
urgency; bustle. formed by the union of a definite proportion of water
Hurt, hert, v. t. [hurt, hurting.] To wound or with some other substance, generally forming a neu-
bruise painfully; to damage, injure, harm; to wound tral salt. Hy'dride, -drid, n. {Chem.)— compound A
the feelings of, annoy, grieve. n. physical in- Aof the binary type, in which hydrogen, as a nega-
jury causing pain; detriment; wound; harm; loss; tive, is united with some other element. Hydrau'- —
mischief; disadvantage.— Hurfful, -ful, a. Tending lic, -draw'lik, -lical, a. Pert, to hydraulics, or to
to impair or destroy; pernicious: harmful; mischiev- fluids in motion. Hydrau'lics, n. sing. That —
ous: injurious; unwholesome.— Hur'tle, -tl,t>. i. To branch of science or of engineering which treats of
clash, jostle; to move rapidly, skirmish; to make a fluids, esp. water, in motion. Hydraulic cement. —
clashing, terrifying, or threatening sound.— v. t. To Cement which will harden
brandish; to push forcibly. under water. H. press. — A
Hurtleberry. Same as Huckleberry and Whortle- press in which great power
berry. is obtained from a forcing
Husband, huz'band, n. A
man who has a wife. —v. t. pump which forces water
To direct and manage with frugality; to cultivate into a large cylinder. H. —
(land); to till.— Hus'bandman, n. ;pl.-MEN. Afarm- ram. machine for rais- A
er tiller of the ground. —Husbandry, -rl, n. Care
; ing water by means of the
of domestic affairs; domestic economy business of a momentum of the water of
;

husbandman or farmer; agriculture; tillage. which a portion is to be Hydraulic Ram.

Hush, hush, a. Silent still quiet. ; n. Stillness— raised.— Hy'drocele, -sel, n.
—
; ;

quiet, v. t. [hushed (husht), hushing.] To still, {Med.) Dropsy of the scrotum or of the coverings of
silence; to calm (commotion or agitation).— v. i. To the testicles or spermatic cord. Hydrocephalus, — —
be still; to be silent, —
esp. used in the imperative, -sef'a-lus, n. {Med.) Dropsy of the brain. Hy'dro-
as an exclamation. —
Hush'-mon'ey, n. bribe to A
dynam'ic, «. Pert, to, or derived from, the force or
secure silence. pressure of water. Hy'drodynam'ics, n. Principles —
Husk, husk, n. The external covering of certain fruits of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. —
or seeds of plants, r.t. —
[husked (huskt), husk- Hy'drofluor'ic, -floo-3r /'ik, a. {Chem.) Pert, to, or
ing.] To strip off the external covering of.— Husk'- derived from, fluorine and hydrogen. H. acid. An —
ing, n. Act of stripping off husks, as from Indian acid obtained by distilling fluor-spar with sulphuric

sttn, cQbe, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HYEMAL HYSTERON-PROTERON
acid. — Hy'drogen, -jen, n. (Chem.) inflamma- An —
than the side of the cone makes. Hyper'bole, -bo-
ble, colorless, ino'lorbus gas of extreme lightness, — ,._le, 7i. (Ilhet.) A figure of speech which expresses
one of the elements of water.— Hydrog'rapher, -fSr, more or less than the truth; exaggeration.— Hyper-
n. One who draws maps of the sea, etc., with the ad- bol'ic, -ical, a.(Math.) Pert, to or of the natuie of
jacent shores. —
Hydrog'raphy, -f I, n. Art of meas- the hyperbola. Relating to, or containing, hyper-
uring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, etc., or of bole. —
Hy'perbol'ically, -IT, adv. In the form of
forming charts of the same. —
Hydro-Fogy, n. Sci- a hyperbola; with exaggeration. —
Hyperborean,
ence of water, its properties, phenomena, and laws, -re-an, a. Northern; very far north; arctic: hence
its distribution in likes, rivers, etc, over the earth's very cold; frigid, n. —
An inhabitant of the most
surface.— Hydrometer, n. An instrument for deter- northern region of the earth.— Hypercrific, n. One
mining the specinc gravities and thence the strength critical beyond measure; a ciptious censor. Hy- —
of liquids; also, one for measuring the velocity or percrific, -ical, a. Over-ciitical c:itical beyond
;

discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc. use or reason; excessively nice or exact. Hyper- —
— Hydrom'etry, -tri, n. The determining the spe- crit'icism. -sizm, n. Excessive or unjust c iticism.
ciric gravity and strength of liquids; art or operation — Hypertrophy, -tro-fi, n. (Jfed.) Morbid en-
of measuring the velocity or discharge of running largement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the
water. —Hydrop'athy, -a-thi, n. The water-cure, a body.
mode of treating diseases by the use of pure water. Hyphen, hi'fen, n. (Print.) A mark, thus [-], to con-
— Hydropath'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. —
Hydrop'a- nect syllables of divided, or parts of compound,
thist. Hy'dropath, n. One who practices, etc.— Hy- words.
dropho'bia, -lo'bl-a, n. (Me'l.) A preternatural Hypnotic, hip-nofik, a. Tending to produce sleep;
dread of water,— a symptom of canine madness; the sopoinc; characterized by unnatural or morbid sleep.
disease caused by inoculation with the saliva of a — Hyp'notism, -no-tizm, n. A kind of mesmeric
rabid dog. — Hydrostatic, -ical, a. Relating to hy- sleep or somnambulism; a similar condition pro-
drostatics; pert, to, or in accordance with, the prin- duced by gazing at a very bright object.
ciples of the equilibrium of fluids. Hydrostat'ics, — Hypo, hi'po, v. A morbid depression of spirits; hyp.
n. Science of the pressure and equilibrium of fluids. — Hyp'ochon'dria, hip/o-kon'drf-a, n. (Med.) A
Hyemal, hi-e'inal, a. Belonging to, or done in winter. mental disorder, in which one is tormented by mel-
Hyena, hi-e'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. carnivorous A ancholy and gloomy views, esp. about his own
m ma raal of «,,«**. health. —
Hyp'ochon'driac, a. Pert, to the hypo-
Asia and Afri- chondrium, or the ar s of the body so called; af-
i

ca, allied to the fected, characterized, or produced by,'hypochondria;

dog: its habits producing melancholy, or low spirits. v. A person—
are nocturnal, affected with hypochondiia.— Hyp'ochon'drium, w.. ;
and it gener- pi. -dhia. (Anat.) That part 01 the cavity of the
ally feeds upon abdomen which, on either side, is beneath the carti-
carrion. lages of the false ribs. —
Hypoc'risy, -ri-sY, n. The
Hygeiaa, hi-je'- act or practice of a hypociite; simulation, or dissim-
an, a. Relating ulation; esp. the assuming of a false appearance of
to Hygeia, god- virtue or religion.— Hyp'ocrite,-ki it, n. A pretender
dess'of health; to virtue or piety whicu he has not. — Hypoerific,
Belonging to a hypociite: exhibiting
pert, to health
or its preserva- risy. — Hypocritically, adv.— Hypodermic, hypoc-
-ical, a.
-'der'*-
tion. — Hy '• Hyena. mik, a. (hed.) Pert, to what is under the skin; sub-
giene, -jT-en, n. Science of preserving health, esp. cutaneous. H. injection. The introducing, by a syr-
of households and d communities.— Hygien'ic, -en-ik,
-en- inge, under the skin, some medicinal substance —
Pert, to, etc.; sanatory. anesthetic, narcotic, etc.— Hypogas' trie, a. (Anat.)
_ irology, hi-groKo-iT, n.
"
Doctrine of the fluids of Relating to, or situated in, tlie middle of the lower
the body, or the phenomena and causes of atmos- part of the abdomen. —
Hypotenuse, hi- „
pheric moisture. —
Hygrometer, n. An instrument or M-pot'e-nus, n. (Geom.) The longest
for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere.— Hy- side of a right-angled triangle, or the
gromefric, hygrometry; made by,
-rical.a. Pert, to line that subtends the right angle. Hy- —
or according to, the hygrometer; readily absorbing pothecate, hi- or hi-, v. t. (Law.) 'lu
and retaining moisture. —
Hygrornetry, -trT, n. De- confer on (one's creditor) a right in 11

termination of the humidity ot bodies, esp. of the thing, with power to sell it for the dis-
atmosphere. charge of a debt out of the proceeds: to
Hymen, hi'men, v. (Myth.) The god of marriage and subject (property) to liability for a debt
nuptial solemnities. (Anat.) The virginal mem- without delivery of possession or trans-
brane.— Hymene'al, -e'an, o. Pert, to marriage or fer of title; to pledge. —
Hypothecation, n. (Civ.
a wedding; nuptial. — n. A marriage song epitha- ; Law.) Act orcont-act by winch property is hypothe-
lamium. — Hymenop'teral, -ter-al, -terous, -us, a. cated. (Law of Ship j, in a.) A contract whereby the
Pert, to an order of insects having 4 membranous vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable ior repayment
wings, as the bee, the wasp, etc. ol money advanced ior the necessities of the ship.
Hymn, him, n. An ode or song of praise, adoration, Hypoth'enuse. Same as Hypotenuse. — Hypothe-
thanksgiving, etc., esp. one sung in worship. v. t. — sis, hi- or hi-, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. A supposition; some-
[hymned (himd), hymning.] To worship or extol thing not proved, but assumed for the purpose of
by singing hymns; to sing.— Hymenal, n. A book of argument; a theory assumed to account i©r known
hymns — Hymnoiegy, -j f, n. A collection of hymns; facts or phenomena. —
Hypothetic, -ical, a. Char-
hymns of a period or country; hymns collectively; acterized by a hypothesis conditional
; assumed ;

treatise on hvmns. without proof for the purpose of reasoning. Hypo- —

Hyoid, hi'oid.'Hyoid'ean, -e-an, a. Having the form thefically, adv.
of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsi- Hyson, Men, n. A species of green tea.
lon [u].— Hyoid bone. A bone between Hyssop, hTseup or hie up, v. A plant whose leaves
the root of the tongue and the larynx. have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
Hyp, hip, n. A morbid depression of Hysteria, his-te'i-T-a, h. (Med.) A nervous affection,
spirits; melancholy. v. t.— To make manifested by alternate fits of laughing and crying,
melancholy, dep-ess the spirits of. or temporary deliiuin, with a sensation of strangu-
[Contr. of hypochondria, q. v.] lation. —
Hyster'ic, -ter'ik, -ical, a. Of, or pert, to,
Kyperbaton, hi-per'ba-ton, n. (Gram.) affected, or troubled with, hysterics; convulsive; fit
A figurative construction, changing the ful.
natural and proper order of words and Hysteron-proteron, his'te-ron-prote-ron, n. (Rhet.)
sentences. — Hyper'bola, -bo-la, n. A figure in which the wo d that i-ho ild follow comes
(Geo n.) A curve lormed by a section first: an inversion of logic il o der, in which the con-
of a cone, when the cutting-p lane clusion is put beiore the premises, or the thing
makes a greater angle with the base Hyperbola. proved before the evidence.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tCrm ; lu, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Dr.;
 187 IDLE

I.

I, the 9th letter of the Eng. alphabet, has 2 principal

i, Icicle, Icing, etc. See under Ice.
sounds, —
the long sound, as in pine., fine, ice ; and Iconoclast, i-kon'o-klast, re. A
destroyer of images or
the short, as in pin, fin, gift. I and were iormerlyJ idols; one who exposes impositions or shams.
regarded as the same character, and in English dic- Icosahedron, i'ko-sa-he'dron, re. A
solid of 20 equal
tionaries were long classed together. sides. (Geom.) A
regular solid, consisting of 20
I, i, /iron. [poss. my or mine oy'ectire me
; pl.,nom. ; equal and similar triangular pyramids whose ver-
we; poss. our or ours; oty. us.] The nominative case tices meet in the center of a circumscribing sphere.
of the pronoun of the rirst person, the word by — Icteric, ik-ter'ik, n. A
remedy for the jaundice. —
which a speaker or writer denotes himself. Icter'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected with, jaundice;
Iamb, i'amb, Iam'bus, L. pi. Iam/bi, -bi ; E. pi. good against the jaundice.
-buses, -bus-ez, lam 'hie, n. Ictus, ik'tus, re. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon
{Pros.) A
foot of 2 syllables, the accented syllabic of a word.— Ic'tic, a. Pert, to
the 1st short and 2d long, or the or produced by a blow; sudden: abrupt.
Istunc^ented and 2i accented. I'd, id. A
contr. fr. Iv;oull or I had.
A verse composed of such feet. Ide, id, re. A
lake fish of N. Europe, of the genus of
pi. A satirical poem; satire; lam- the dace, roach, etc., but ascending rivers to spawn.
poon. Idea, i-de'a, re. ; pi. Ide'as, -az. The image or picture
Ibex, i'beks, n. A
wild goat of of a visible object, formed by the mind a similar ;

the Alps and other mountains image of any object, whether sensible or spiritual;
of Europe, remarkable for its a general notion or conception, formed by general-
long, recurved horns. ization a notion, conception, or thought ; a belief,
;

Ibidem, i-bi'dem, a /v. In the doctrine, or opinion one of the archetypes or pat-
;

same place,— abbrev. ibid. [L.] Ibex. terns of created things, conceived by the Platonists
Ibi3, V bis, n. A graliatory bird, one species of which to have existed from eternity in the mind of the
was regarded in ancient Egypt Deity. Ide'al, n.— A
conception proposed by the
with adoration. mind for imitation, realization, or attainment a ;

Ice, is. n. Frozen water or other fluid; standard of perfection, beauty, etc. a. Existing in —
concreted sugar water or cream
; idea or thought; intellectual:" mental; proposed for
flavored and frozen, —v. t. [iced imitation, realization, or obedience; existing in imag-
(1st), icixg.] To cover with, or con- ination only; unreal: teaching the doctrine of ideal-
vert into, ice; to cover with con- ism.— Ide'alism, -izm, re. The system or theory that
creted sugar; to frost; to cool, as makes everything to consist in ideas doctrine that
with ice; to freeze. I'cing, n. A — we have no rational grounds to believe in the real-
;

covering of concreted sugar; frost- ity of anything but ideas and their relations.— Ide '- 1

ing.— Ice'berg, n. A hill or moun- aust, re. One who holds the doctrine of idealism ;
tain of icj floating on the ocean. Ibis. one who idealizes, or forms picturesque fancies or ro-
Ice'blink, n. A bright appearance near the horizon, mantic expectations. —
Ideal'ity, -l-tl, n. lively A
occasioned by tne reflection of light from ice, and imagination, united to a love of the beautiful. See
visible before the ice itself is seen. cream, n. Phrenology.— Ide'alize, r.t. [-iz'ed (-Izd). -izixg]
Cream or milk, sweetened, flavored, and congealed To make ideal, give an ideal form or value to. —
by a freezing mixture. — A To form ideas.
floating ice.
ice during
—
home, re.
w
-floa, n. large sheet of
A
repository for preserving
inn weather, —plant, re. species of A
v.

[L.]
i.
Idem, i'dem. The same as above,
— Ilen'tical, -tik-al, a. The same the very
— abbreviated id.
;

mesema yantheinum, sprinkled with waterv vesi- same ; not different expressing sameness or the
truth. — Identically, adv. — Iden'tify, -ti-iT,
:

cles, winch glitter like ice.— Icelandic, re. The lan- same
guage of the inhabitants of Iceland: it is of Sc mdi- v.
t. [-fied (-11:1), -fving.] To make to be the same,
navian origin, and more nearly allied to the old unite or combine, treat as having the same use or
Norse than any ctaer language now spjken. — Ice'- effect to determine or establish the identity of,
;

land-moss, re. A kind of nutritious lichen, found in prove to be the same. v. i. —

To become the same,
arctic regions and on high mountains.— I'cicle, -sl- coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc Iden- —
kl, re. A pendent conical mass of ice. tification, re. Act of, etc.— Iden'tity.-tT-ti, re. State
Ichneumon, ik-nu'mon, re. A carnivorous animal of or quality of being identicil; sameness; condition of
Egypt, resembling a being the same with something described or asserted,
we isel, very destruc- or of possessing n character claimed.
tive to the eggs of Idas, ldz, re. pi. (Anc. Ro-.n. Calendar.) The loth day
the crocodile, and of of Ma eh. May, July, and October, and the 13th of
poultry a hymenop-
; other months.
terous insect whose Idiom, id'Y-um, re. A
mode of expression peculiar to a
larves are parasitic in Ichneumon, language or dialect; genius or peculiar cast of a lan-
other insects; ichneumon flv. guage; peculiar form of language. Id'iomafic, -o-—
Icnnograph, ik/no-graf, Ichnog'raphy, -ra-fY, n. mat'ik, -ical, a. Peculiar to a language: conformed
(Drawing.) A
horizontal section of a building or to the mode of exnression of a language. Idioc r - —
other object; a ground-pla rasy, -ok'ra-sT, Fdiosyn'crasy, -sin'kra-si, re. Pe-
:hthyology, ik-thl-oKo-j r, Science of the struc- culiarity of constitution or temperament: individ-
ual characteristic or susceptibility.— Id'iot, -I-ut, re.
Orig., a person in private life, also an unlearned,
ignorant, or foolish person; now, a person destitute
from birth o+' the ordinary intellectual powers a ;

simpleton. —
Ii'iocy, -o-sT, Id'iotcy, re. Absence of
the mental faculties, natural to man, from congen-
ital imperfection in the size, form, or quality of the
. Ichthyosaurus. brain. —
Idiotic, -ical. a. Pert, to, or like an idiot
ture, habits, classific ition, etc., of fishes. — foolish, sottish. —
Id 'iotism, -izm, n. An idiom.
;

Ich/tny- Idle, i'dl, a. [idler, idlest.] Of no account use- ;

osaur', -o-sawi', -sau'rua, -saw'rus, re. (Pcdeon.) An less; vain; unprofitable; not calledinto activeservice;
extinct cirnivorcias reptile, lizard-like, and witli inactive; doing nothing averse to labor or employ-
;
vertebra? like those of fishes. ment; indolent; lazy.— v. t. [idled (-did), idling.]
sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bowboir, chair, get.
 IDOL 188 IMAGE
To spend in idleness, waste, consume. I'dleness, — -It, adv. In an ill or evil manner; not well. [Some-
n. Inaction; sluggishness; sloth. times used, improperly, for ill.']
Idol, i'dul, n. An image or representation of any- Illaudable, il-lawd'a-bl, a. Not laudable; worthy of
thing; image of a divinity, made as an object of wor- censure or dispraise. —
Hle'gal, a. Not legal; con-
ship; that on which the affections are strongly, ex- trary
irury to10 law; unlawful;
uiuawiui; illicit. u
mien. —Illegality, -l-tT, »'.
cessively, and improperly set; deceitful image phan- ; Quality or condition of being illegal.
ille Ille'galize, —
tom.— I'dolize, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To make v. t. To render unlawful.— Iile'ga ;ally, adv.— Illeg'-
an idol of, pay idolatrous worship to; to love or rev- lej'i-bl, a. Incapable of bei
ible, -lej'i-bl, being read; not leg-
erence to excess or adoration.— I'doliz'er, n.— ldoV- ale or readable. —
Illegibly, adv.— Illegibility, n.
ater, -doKa-ter, n. A
worshiper of idols; a pagan; an — Illegitimate, -jit'I-mat, a. Not regular or au-
adorer; great admirer. —
IdoKatress, n. female A thorized; unlawful; unlawfully begotten; born out
worshiper of idols. —
IdoPatrous, -trus, a. Pert, to, of wedlock; illogical; not authorized by good usage.
or of the nature of, consisting in, or partaking of, — v. t. To render illegitimate.— Illegit'imalion, n.
etc.— IdoKatry, -trT, n. Worship of idols, or anything Act of illegitimating; state of being illegitimate; il-
which is not God; excessive veneration for anything. legitimacy.— Illegitimacy, -si, w. Stateof bastardy;
Idoneous, i-do'ne-us, a. Suitable; fit; proper. state of being not genuine.— Illib^eral, a. Not lib-
Idyl, i'dil or idll, n. A
short pastoral poem; also a eral; not free, generous, or noble; niggardly; mean;
narrative poem, in an elevated and finished style. base; narrow-minded; indicating a lack of breeding,
If, if, conj. In case that; granting, allowing, or sup- culture, etc. —
Illib'erallty, n. Quality of being il-
posing that; whether. liberal.— Illiberally, adv. Illicit, -hslt, a. Not —
Igneous, iglie-us, a. Pert, to,consisting of, contain- permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful. Il- —
ing, or like fire. ( Geol.) Resulting from the action limitable, a. Incapable of being limited or bound-
of fire.— Ignite'', -liif, v. t. To kindle, set on fire.— ed unlimited immeasurable infinite
limitless
v. i. To take fire, begin to burn. Ignilor, -te"r, n. — vast.
;

— ;

IUit'erate, a. Ignorant of letters or books;

; ; ;

One who, or that which, etc. esp. the contrivance for

; untaught; unlearned; unlettered. Illiferateness, —
inflaming powder in a torpedo, etc. Ignitlble, a. — -eracy, -st, n. State of being illiterate; ignorance; a
Capable of being ignited. —
Ignilion, -nish'un, n. literary blunder. —Illogical, -lojlk-al, a. Ignorant
—
Act of, or state of being, etc. Ig'nis-fat/uus, -u-us, or negligent of, or contrary to, the rules of logic or
n. ; pi. Ig'nes-fat'ui, -nez-fafu-I. flitting light A sound reasoning.
that appears, at night, over marshy grounds, etc., Illness. See under III.
supposed to be occasioned by decomposition of ani- Hlude, il-lud r , v. t. To play upon by artifice, deceive,
mal or vegetable substances, or by inflammable gas;
j

mock. —
Ulu'sion, -zhun, n. An unreal image pre-
will-o'-the-wisp. sented to the bodily or mental vision delusion ; ;

Ignoble, ig-no'bl, a. Of low birth or family; not no- mockery chimera fallacy hallucination a lace
;

—
! ; ; ;

ble or illustrious; mean; worthless; not honorable, fabric used for ladies' dresses, bridal veils, etc. II-
elevated, or generous; base; degenerate; degraded: lu'sionist, n. One given to illusion; a juggler. II-
disgraceful; inf anions. —
Igno'bly, -blT, adv. Ig'- — :

lu'sive, -siv, a. Deceiving by false show; deceitful.

nominy, -min'i, n. Public disgrace or dishonor; an — Illu'sory, -so-rl, a. Deceiving by false appear-
act deserving disgrace opprobrium reproach ances; fallacious.
shame; contempt; infamy. — Ignominious, -T-us, a.
; ; ;

Illume, il-lum' [-lumed (-lumd'), -lumixg], Illu'-

Marked with, or deserving, etc.; infamous; despica- minate, Illu'mine, -min, v. t. To enlighten, supply
ble. — Ignominlously, adv. — Ignore'', -nor', v. t. with light to light up (a building, etc.) in token of
;

[-NORED (-n5rdO, -xoring.] To be ignorant of. rejoicing or in honor of some person, party, or event
(Law) To throw out (a bill) as false or ungrounded. to adorn (a book or page) with colored illustrations;
To refuse to take notice of; to leave out of account to explain, elucidate. Illu'rainalion, n. Act of, or
or consideration. — Ignora'mus, n. pi. -muses, -ez. : state of being, etc. ; festive decoration of buildings
An ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge. with lights; adornment of books with colored illus-
— Ig'norance, -rans.w. Condition of being ignorant; trations; thing illuminated, as a house, book, or
want of knowledge. — Ig'norant, a. Destitute of manuscript; that which illuminates or gives light;
knowledge ; uninstructed or uninformed unac- ; brightness; splendor. Hlulnina'tive, a. Tending—
quainted; unaware; displaying, or resulting from, to illuminate or illustrate; illustrative.
ignorance; illiterate. —
Ig'norantly, adv. Ig'no- — Illusion, Illusive, etc. See under Illude.
rantism, -izm, n. Policy of keeping the masses in a Illustrate, il-luslrat, v. t. To make clear or bright;
state of ignorance; obscurantism. Ig'norantist, n. — to set in a clear light, exhibit distinctly; to explain;
One who, etc. to exemplify, esp. by means of figures, comparisons,
Iguana, T-gwa/na, n. An edible lizard of tropical examples, etc.; to ornament and elucidate with pic-
Amer. tures or figures. —
Illustration, n. Act of illustra-
Ilex, ileks, n. A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, ting; explanation: elucidation; stateof being illus-
including holly. —Iliclc, T-lislk, a. Pert, to the trated: that which illustrates, esp., a picture, etc.—
holly, — said o*f an acid contained in its leaves. — |

Illustrative, -tiv, a. Tending to illustrate; explain-

—
i

Illcin, -cine, -sin, n. The bitter principle of, etc. ing. Illuslrious, -trt-us, a. Possessing luster,
Ileum, iKe-um, n. The lower part of the small intes- brightness, or brilliancy; characterized by greatness,
tine.— Ilium, -l-nm, n. One of the flattened upper
!

nobleness, etc.; conferring luster or honor; brilliant;

side bones of the pelvis, forming part of the hip distinguished; famous; renowned; eminent; glori-
joint; flank bone; haunch bone. —
/r
Iliac, -I-ak, Ili - ous.
acal, a. Pert, to the ileum or the ilium. Illy. See under III.
Iliad, iKT-ad, n. AGreek epic poem, composed by Image, im'ej, n. A similitude of any person or thing,
Homer, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. sculptured, drawn, or otherwise made perceptible to
Ilk, ilk, a. The same; also; each; every. [In Scot- the sight; statue; picture; likeness; effigy; an idol;
tish usage, the phrase of that ilk denotes that one's semblance appearance; representation of anything
;

surname and the title of his estate are the same as, ; to the mind. (Rhet.) A
word-picture; illustration;
Grant of that ilk, i. e., Grant of Grant ; in Eng. and description metaphor. ( Opt.) The figure of any ob-
;

the U. S., it is ignorantly used to signify of that ject formed by rays of light upon the retina of the
same kind ; as, others of that ilk.] eye, or upon a mirror or screen, or at the focus of
111, il, a. [Comp. and superl. wanting, their places a lens.— v. t. [imaged (-ejd), -aging.] To form
being supplied bv worse and worst, q. v.] Bad; evil; an image of to represent to the mental vision.
contrary to good in a physical sense opposed to ; — ;

Im'agery, -ej-rT, n. Images in general, or in

advantage, happiness, etc. contrary to good, in a
; mass unreal show work of the imagination or
; ;

moral sense ; sick; unwell; not accordant with rule, fancy; false ideas; rhetorical decoration; figures in
fitness, or propriety cross; surly peevish.
; n. ;
— discourse. —
Imagine, -ajln, v. t. [-ined (-ind),
Evil of any kind; misfortune; disease: pain; wick- -ining.] To form in the mind a notion or idea of;
edness; depravity; iniquity. adv. With pain or to contrive in purpose; to represent to one's self; to
difficulty; not easily; not rightly or perfectly; not fancy, suppose, plan, frame, v.i. To form con- —
well.— Ill'ness, n. Disease; indisposition; malady; ceptions, think, suppose. Imaginary, -r i, a. Ex- —
sickness; wrong moral conduct; wickedness.— Illy, isting only in imagination or fancy ideal chimer- ; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 IMAM 189 IMPBNETRABLENESS
ical visionary unreal.
; ;
—
Imag'ina'tion, n. Power unbounded; very great; huge; infinite; immeasur-
by which the mind forms ideas or mental images ; able; prodigious; monstrous.— Immen'sity, -sI-tY, «.
power to create or reproduce an object of sense pre- Unlimited extension; infinity; vastness in extent or
viously perceived, or to recall a mental or spiritual bulk; greatness.— Immen'surable, a. Not to be
state before experienced power to recombine ma-
; measured; immeasurable.
terials furnished by experience or direct apprehen- — Immis'cible, im-mis'sT-bl, a. Not capable of be-
sion; fancy; power to recreate with readiness, under ing mixed — Immis'cibil'ity, n. — Immit'igafcle, a.
the stimulus of feeling, for an elevated end or pur- Not capable of being mitigated or appeased.
pose; invention. —
Imag / ina/ tive, -tiv, a. Proceed- — Immob'ile, im-mob'il, a. Incapable of being
ing from, and characterized by, the imagination ; moved; fixed; stable. — Immobil'ity, n. Condition
given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc. or quality of being, etc. — Immod'erate, -er-at, a.
Imam, T-miim'% I'man, i'miia, Imaum', I-mawm', n. Not moderate; not confined to suitable limits; ex-
A priest among Mohammedans a Mohammedan ; cessive exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant.—
;

prince who has supreme spiritual and temporal pow- Immod'est, a. Not limited to due bounds; immod-
er. erate; wanting in the reserve or restraint which de-
Imbankment. Same as Embankment. corum and decency require; indecorous; shameless;
Imbecile, im'be-sil or -sel', a. Destitute of strength, impudent; indecent; unchaste; lewd; obscene. —
either of body or of mind; decrepit; weak; feeble; Immor'al, -mor'al, a. Not moral; inconsistent with
impotent.— n. One who is, etc.— Im'becil'ity, -Y-ti, rectitude; contrary to conscience or the divine law;
n. Quality of being imbecile. vicious; unjust; impure; unchaste; profligate; aban-
Imbed, im-bed', v. t. To sink or lay, as in partially doned; lewd; obscene. —
Immoral'ity, -mo-ral'T-tT,
enclosing clay, mortar, etc. n. Quality of being immoral; vice; an immoral act
Imbezzle. Same as Embezzle. or practice. —
Immor'tal, -mortal, a. Not mortal;
Imbibe, im-blb', v. t. [-bibed (-Mbd'), -bibing.] To exempt from liability to die; connected with, or ter-
drink in, absorb; to receive into the mind and re- minating in, immortality; destined to live in all ages
tain. —
Imbibition, -bish'un, n. Act of imbibing. of this world; eternal; never-ending; ceaseless; en-
Imbitter, im-bit'ter, v. t. [-tered (-tSrd), -teking.'J during; imperishable; deathless. Immortal'ity, n. —
To make bitter, make unhappy or grievous; to make Quality of being immortal; unending existence; ex-
more distressing, render violent, exasperate. emption from oblivion. —
Immortalize, -Iz, v. t.
Imbody, Imbolden, Imbosom, etc. See Embody", Em- To render immortal; to exempt from oblivion, per-
bolden, etc. petuate. — Immor'tally, adv.— Im'mortelles', -tel',
Imbow, im-bo', v. t. To make like a bow; to arch, n.pl. (Bot.) A name of several genera of unfading
vault. flowers; everlasting, q. v. Wreaths composed of
Imbricate, im'brt-kat, -cated, a. Bent and hollowed them, —placed upon coffins, monuments, etc. Im- —
like a roof or gutter-tile; lying over mov'able, -moov'a-bl, a. Incapable of being moved;
each other in regular order, like shin- firmly fixed; steadfast; not to be induced to change;
gles on a roof. incapable of being altered or shaken; unalterable;
Imbroglio, im-brol'yo, n. An intricate not easily affected or moved; unimpressible; hard-
plot; a complicated and embarrassing hearted. (Law.) Permanent in place or tenure
—
;

state of things. fixed, n. That which cannot be moved, pi. (Civil

Imbrown, im-brown', v. t. [-browned Law.) Lands, and things adherent thereto,— by na-
(-brownd'), -browning.] To make ture, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and
brown, darken the color of, tan. _ their accessories by their destination, as seeds,
;

Imbrue, im-broo', v. t. [-brued (-brood'), plants, manure, etc.; and by the objects to which
-bruing.] To soak; to drench in a fluid, they are applied, as servitudes.
as in blood. — Immu'mty, im-mu'nl-tl, n. Exemption from any
Imbrute, im-broot', v. t. To degrade to charge, duty, office, tax, or imposition; a particular
the state of a brute, make brutal. v. — privilege; freedom. —
Immu'sical, -zik-al, a. Not
i. To sink to the state of a brute. harmonious; unmusical.— Immu'table, a. Not mu-
Imbue, im-bu', v. t. [-bued (-bud'), -bu- table unchangeable invariable unalterable.
; ;

—
;

ing.J To tinge deeply, dye; to cause to Impal'pable, im-pal'pa-bl, a. Not palpable not ;

become impressed or penetrated. to be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be per-
Imitate, im'I-tat, v. t. To follow as a ceived by touch not easily apprehended by the
;

pattern, model, or example; to copy; to mind— Impar'ity, -par'T-ti, n. Inequality; dispro-

produce a likeness of, in form, color, portion difference of degree, rank, number, etc.
— ;
;

qualities, conduct, manners, etc. to ; indivisibility into equal parts. Impartial, -piir'-
counterfeit; to produce by imitation. shal, a. Not partial unprejudiced disinterested;
— Im'itable, a. Capable or worthy of being, etc— equitable; just. — ;

Impar'tial'ity, -sht-al'- or -shal'-

;

Im'itabil'ity, -tt, n. — Imitation, n. Act of imita-

\

T-tY, n. Freedom from bias; disinterestedness; equi-

ting; thing made or produced as a copv; likeness; re-
j

tableness. —
Impartially, -shal-li, adv. Impart'- —
semblance. See Phrenology.— Im'itative, -tiv, a.
|

! ible, -part'I-bl, a. Not partible indivisible. Im- ;

—
Inclined to imitate; imitating; exhibiting an imita- part'ibil'ity, n. Quality of being impartible; indi-
tion of a pattern or model; formed after a model, visibility.— Impass'able, -pas'a-bl, a. Incapable of
pattern, or original. —
Im'itator, -tgr, n.
j

being pissed; impervious; impenetrable; pathless.

Immaculate, im-mak'u-lat, a. Spotless; without blem- Impas'sibil'ity, n. Quality or condition of being im-
ish; unstained; undented; pure; limpid. Immate'- — |

!
passible. —
Impas'sible, -pas'st-bl, a. Incapable of
rial, -rt-al, a. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; !
suffering or passion, pain or sympathy ; unieeling ;

spiritual; of no essential consequence; unimportant. without sensation.— Impas'sive, -pas'siv, a. Not sus-
— Immature', -tured', -turd', a.
I

Not mature or ripe ceptible of pain or suffering; insensible; impassible.

not arrived at perfection or completion; crude; too
; j

— Impas'siveness, n. —
Impat'ible, a. Intolerable ;

early; premature.— Immature'ly, acZy.— Immature'-

j

i impassible. —
Impatience, -shens, n. Quality of be-
ness, -tu'rity, -rT-ti, n. Condition or quality of be- ing impatient restlessness want of patience vio-
—
; ; ;

Impatient, o. Not
j

ing immature. lence of temper passion.

— Immeas'urable. im-mezh'er-a-bl, a. Incapable patient
;

not bearing with composure intolerant

of being measured illimitable. — Immeas'urably,
;
!

;
;

hasty prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience.

;

—
adv.— Imme'diate, -dT-at, a. Not separated by any- |

Impa'tiently, adv.
thing intervening proximate close not deferred — Impec'cable, im-pek'ka-bl, a. Not liable to sin
; ;

by an interval of time; present; producing its effect

;

exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. Im- — ;

by direct agency; acting directly. Imme'diately, — pee'eancy, -kan-si, -cabil'ity, -tt, n. Quality of
adv. In an immediate manner; without intervention being, etc. —
Impecun'ious, -kun'T-us, a. Not hav-
of anything without delay: directly; instantly;
; ing monev poor. ;
—
Impecu'nios'ity, n. "Want of
quickly presently.— Immemo'rlal, -rt-al, a. Beyond
; money.— Impenetrable, -e-tra-bl, a. Incapable of
memory, record, or tradition out of mind. (Eng. being penetrated or pierced; inaccessible (to knowl-
Law.) Previous to the reign of Richard I.
;

Imme- — edge, reason, sympathy, etc.). Impen'etrableness, —

mo'rially, adv.— Immense', -mens', a. Unlimited; -trabil'ity, n. Quality of being impenetrable. (Phys-

Btin, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 IMPENITENT 190 IMMINENT
ics.) That Droperty of matter bv which it excludes being impossible; an impossible thing. Im'potent, —
all other matter from the space it occupies. Obtuse- a. Not potent wanting power, strength, or vigor,
;

ness stupidity want of sympathy or susceptibil- whether physical, intellectual, or moral. {Law.)
;

ity coldness. —
;

Impen'itent, a. Not penitent nut Wanting the power of procreation, n. —

One who
;

repenting of sin not c trite; obdurate. n. One m — ;

is, etc. — Im'potence, -tency. -ten-sT, n. Condition

;

who does not repent; a hardened sinner. Imper- — of being, etc. {Law & Physiol.) Want of procrea-
ceiv'able, -per-sev'a-bl, -cep'tible, -sep'tt-bl, a. tive power.
Not perceptible insensible impalpable not easily
; ; ;
— Imprac'ticable, im-prak'ti'-ka-bl, a. Not prac-
apprehended very small fine very slow in prog-
; ; ; ticable; incapable of being accomplished by means
ress. n. —That which cannot be perceived on ac- at command not easily managed
; untractable ; ;

count of its smallnes?.— Impercep'tibieness. -tibil'- not to be oveicome or persuaded by any reasonable
ity, 7i. Quality of being, etc. —Imperceptibly, aJv. method not capable of being easily dealt with in-
; ;

— Imperfect, a. Not perfect or complete iu all its capable of being passed or traveled
—
impossible ;

— ;

pa-ts; wanting in some part; unfinished: not equal inleasible. Impracticableness, -ticabil'ity, n.
to the standard; not fulfilling itsdesign; estheticiliy Impracticably, adv. Imprecis'ion, -sizh/un, n. —
or morally defective; marked by, or subject to, de- Want of precision or exactness. Impreg'nable, a. —
fects or evil.— Imperfect tense. {Gram.) tense ex- A Not to be stormed or taken by assault not to be ;

pressing uncompleted action or state, esp. in past shaken; invincible. — Imprescriptible, -skrip'tT-bl,
time.— Imperfection, -fek'shun, n. Quality or con- a. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect
dition of being imperfect; want of perfection; de- to use, or by the claims of another founded on pre-
fect; deficiency; fault; failing; frailty; foible; blem- scription not derived from, or dependent on. ex-
ish; vice.— Imperfectly, a lv Imperforate, -per'- — ternal authority.
;

—
Improb'able, a. Not probable
fo-rat,a. Not perforated or pierced: having no open- unlikely to be true. —
Improb'ably, adv. In an im-
;

ing. —Imper'i3hable, -pir'ish-a-bl, a. Not perish- probable manner. —

Improb'abil'ity, n. Quality of
—
able; indestructible. Imper'meable, -per'me-a-bl, — beiug improbable; unlikelihood. Improp'er, a.
a. Not permeable not permitting passage, as of a Not proper; not fitted to the ciicumstances, design, or
fluid, substance impervious.
through its
;

Imper'- ;
— end; unfit; indecent. Improper fraction. {Arith.) —
sonal, a. Not personal not representing a person ; ;
A fraction whose denominator is less than its nu-
not having individuality.— Impersonal verb. {Gram.) merator, as, |-. — Improp'erly, adv. In an improper
A verb without the inflections appropriate to the 1st
and 2d persons one without a definite subject, as,
; manner; not unsuitably: incongruously; inac-
fitly;
it ra ins. —
Imuer'sonal'ity, n. Condition or quality
— curately.— Im'propri'ety, -pri'e-tT, n. Unfitness or
of beingimpersonal. Imper3pic'uou3. -per-spik'u- unsuita'bleness to character, time, place, or circum-
us, a. Not perspicuous obscure vague. Imper'- — stances; that which is improper; an unsuitable act,
—
;

—
;

spicu'ity. n. Want of perspicuity. Im'persua/- expression, etc. Improv'ident, a. Not provident;

sible, -swa'zi-bl,a. Not to be moved by persuasion; wanting forecast: inconsiderate; negligent: heed-
not yielding to arguments.— Impertinence, -nency, less.— Improvise', -VIZ', V. t. [-VISED (-Vlzd'), -VIS-
-nen-si, n. Condition or quality of being imperti- ING.] To speak extemporaneously, esp. in verse; to
nent; irrelevance; unbecoming conduct rudeness; ; bring about on a sudden, off-hand, or without pre-
incivility; that which is impertinent; a thing out of vious preparation to do or make on the spur of the
— Impertinent, a.
;

place, or of no value, etc. Not —

moment. v. i. To utter compositions without pre-
pertinent; having no bearing on the subject ; irrele- vious preparation to do anything off-hand.
; Im- —
vant inapplicable contrary to rules of propriety
; ; ; prov'visato're, -ve'za-to'ra, n. One who composes
impudent: rude of no account trifling; frivolous. and sings or recites poems extemporaneously and
— ; ;

Im'pertur table, -per-ter'ba-bl, a. Incapable of immediately. — Improv'visatri'ce, -ve-za-tre'-

[It.]
being perturbed or agitated. Im'pertur'babil'ity, — cha^ra. who, etc. [It.] — Impra'dence.
A woman
n. — Imper'turba'tion, n. Freedom from agitation -proo'dens, n. Quality of being imprudent: want of
of mind; calmness; quietude. Imper'viable, -vT- — prudence; an imprudent act. — Impru'dent, a. Not
a-bl, -vious, -vl-us, a. Not pervious; not admitting prudent wanting prudence or discretion injudi-
cious: incautious; unadvised; rash. — Impru'deutly,
; ;

of entrance or passage through; impassable; impene-

trable. adv. — Im'pudence, n. Quality of bein«r impudent;
— Impi'ety, im-pi'e-tY, n. Quality of being impi- effrontery sauciness. [F.] — Im'pudent, a. Bold,
;

ous irreverence toward the Supreme Being an

; ; with contempt or disregard of others unblushingly ;

impious act want of reverence, filial affection, or

; forward; wanting modesty; shameless; audacious;
obedience to parents; ungodliness; irreligion; sin- brazen: pert rude saucy impertinent insolent.
fulness profaneness. Im'pious, -pT-us, a. Not — — ;

Impu'nity, -nt-tl, n. Exemption from punish-

; ; ;

—
;

pious profane proceeding from, or manifesting, a

; ; ment or penalty, or from injury or loss security. ;

want of reverence for the Supreme Being. — Impure', -pur', a. Mixed with extraneous sub-
— Impla'cable, im-pla'k.i-bl, a. Not placable; inca- stances; not pure: foul: defiled by sin or guilt; un-
pable of being pacified; unappeasable; inexorable; holy unhallowed unchaste lewd unclean ob-
relentless. — Implausible -plaw'zl-bl, a. Not plau-
; :

scene. {Old Test.) Not puriHed according to the law

: : ;

—
,

sible not ; wearing the appearance of truth. Im- of Moses; ceremonially unclean.— Impure'ness. Im-
plumed', -plumd', -plu'mous, -mus, a. Having no pu'rity, -rt-tt, n. Condition or quality of being,
plumes or feathers. or that which is impure. Imputres'cible, -sT-bl. a. —
— Impol'icy, im-poKT-sY.w. Quality of being impol- Not putrescible; not subject to putrefaction or cor-
itic; inexpedience; bad policy. Impolite'', -lit', a. — ruption.
Not polite; not of polished manners; impolite; un- Immanent, im'ma-nent, a. Remaining within in-
civil rude. : —
Impolitic. -T-tik, a. Not politic ; herent: internal or subjective, — opp. to emanent, or
;

wanting in policy or prudent management indis- transitive.

creet inexpedient. ; Imponderable, -der-a-bl, a. — ;

Immanity, im-man'T-tt, n. Monstrosity; atrocity.

—
— —
Not ponderable: without sensible weight. Impon'- Immanuel. im-man'u-el, n. God with us, an appel-
derabil'ity, n. Quality of being, etc. Impo'rous, lation of the Savior.
-po'rus, a. Destitute of pores; compact in texture: Immerse, im-mers', ?•. t. [-metcsed (-mersf), -mers-
solid. — Imporos'ity, -ros'l-tr, n. Want of poi-ositv: ixg."] To plunge into anything that surrounds or
compactness that excludes pores. — Importune' covers, esp. into a fluid; to engige deeply, involve.
-tun', v. t. [-tuned (-tund'), -tuning.] To request — Immer'sion, -shun, n. Act of, or state of being,
with urgency; to p ess with solicitation, tease. Im- — etc.: state of being deeply engaged. {Astron ) Dis-
portu'hity, -nT-tT, n. Quality of being importunate; appearance of a celestial body, by passing behind an-
urgent request; pertinacious solicitation. Import' — other, or into its shadow.
unacy, -pS-t'u-na-sT, n. Quality of being importu- Immesh, im-mesh', r. t. [-meshed (-meshf), -mesh-
nate. —
Import'unate, a. Troublesnmely urgent; ixg.] To entangle in the meshes of a net, orm a web.
pertinacious in solicitation. Import'unately, adv. — Immigrate, im'mT-grat, v. i. To remove into a coun-
— Impos'sible, -pos'sY-bt, a. Not possible; incapa- try for permanent residence. Im'migrant, n. One —
ble of existence, or of being done, thought, endured,
— Impos'sibil'ity, n. —
who, etc. Immigra'tion, n. Act of immigrating.
etc.; impracticable. Quality of Imminent, im'mi-nent, a. Threatening immediately
ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 IMMOLATE 191 IMPOSE
to fall or occur; impending; near; at hand threat- ; Imperial, im-pe'rr-al, a. Pert, to an empire, or to an
ening evil dangerous. : Ini'minence, -near. n. — emperor belonging to supreme authority, or one
;

Quanty or condition of being, etc.; that which is im- who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme; of superi-
minent impending evil or danger.
; or size or excellence. n. (Arch.)— kind of dome, A
Immolate, im'mo-lat, c. t. To sacrifice; to kill, as a found in Moorish buildings. tuft of hair on a A
sacrificial victim.— Immola'tion, //. Act of, or state man's lower lip; an outside seat on a diligence; a
ol being, etc. that wnicn is immolated
; a sacririce. ; case lor luggage on top of a coach; a large kind of
Immure, un-mur', v. t. [-uuKED(-mu.d'), -mukixg.] drawing-paper, 21 by oO inches.— Impe'rialist, ra. A
To inclose within walls, imprison, iiic-ircerate. subject or soldier of an emperor; advocate of im-
Imp, imp, «. A graft; scion; a young or inferior devil; penal government. — Impe'rious, -ri-us, a. Com-
little demon; a miscilievous child. !?. t. [imped — manding; authoritative; esp. dictatorial, haughty, ar-
(impt). imping.] To gralt ; to extend, enlarge, or rogant ; commanding with rightxul authority ; ur-
mend, as by inserting a feather into a broken wing ; gent.
to increase, strengthen, plume. Imperil, im-per'il, v.t. [-iled (-ild), -ilixg.] To bring
Impact, im-pakt', v. t. To drive close, press firmly into peril, endanger.
tog tner. —
Im'pact, «. Collision; iorce communi- Impersonate, im-plr'sun-at, v. t. To invest with per-
cated. (Mtck.) Tlie single instantaneous blow or sonality; to ascribe the qualities of a person to; per-
stroke ot a body in motion against another either in
motion or at rest.
sonify; to represent the person of; personate. Im- —
per'sona'tion, Imperson'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Impair, im-par', v. t. [-paiked (-pard'). -pairixg.] To Impetus, im'pe-tus, » The to;ce with which any
make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excel-
lence, or strength; to injure, weaken, enfeeble.
body is driven or impelled; momentum. Impet'u- —
0U3, -pet'u-us, a. Rushing with toice and violence;
Impale, im-pai', [-paled (.-paid'), -paling.] To
v. t. vehement in ieeling passionate. Impet'uously, —
—
;

lix on a stake; put to death by nxmg on a stake;

to a:!v. Impet'uousness, -uos'ity, -u-os'±-u, n.
to inclose, as with stakes, posts, or palisades. {Her.) Impinge, im-pinj', r. L-
iJJ *e;ED
;'. (-pinjd''), -Pix-
To join, as 2 coats of arms, pale-wise.—Impale' ment, ginu.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon, hit.
n. Ace of impaling; space inclosed Implant, im-plant', v. i. To set, plant, or inrix, for
by stakes or pales, (tier.) The tne purpose of growth to sow. ; —
Implanta'tion, n.
division of a shield paie-wise, or Act of implanting, etc., in the mind or Heart.
by a vertical line. Implead, im-pled', v. i. (Laio.) To institute and
Impanel, im-pan'el, v. t. [-ei.ed p.osecute a suit against in court; to sue at law.
(.-eld), -eli.ng.] To write or enter Implement, im'ple-ment, n. Whatever may supply a
(the names of a jury; in a list; to want; esp., an instrument or utensil as supplying a
iorm (a list, etc.). requisite to an end.
Impart, im-part', v. t. To bestow a Implicate, im'pk-kat, i>. t. To infold, entangle: to con-
s.iare or portion of ;to allow an- nect m many relations: to bring into connection with
other to partake in; to make to show to be connected or concerned. Implica'- —
known, show by words or tokens, tion, n. Actof, orstate of being, etc.; entanglement;
commtmic .te, confer, give, reveal, Impalement. (Her.) that which is implied, but not expressed; inference.
disclose, divulge. — i\ i. To give a part or share. — Implic'it, -plis'it, a. Fairly to be understood,
Impassion, lm-pasb/un, v. i. [-passioned f-nasb/und), though not expressed in words; implied; trusting to
-SIOXIXG.] To move
or affect stronglv with mssion. the word of another, without reserve unquestion- :

— Impas'sioned, -pash'und, p. a. Actuated or agi- ing.— Imply', -pit', v. t. [-plied (-plld'), -plying.]
tated by passion; animated; excited. Impas'sion- — To contain by implication; to include virtually to
—
;

ate, -at, v. t. To affect powerfully. involve, import, mean, signify. Impliedly, -ed-ll,
Impeach. im-nech', r. t. [-peached" (-necht'),-PE\cn- a-Ir. By implication.
ixo.] To charge with a cimc or misdemeanor; esp., Implore, im-plor', v. t. [-r-toKEP (-nlo-d'), -plorixg.]
to charge (an office-) before a competent tribunal, To call upon, or for.in supplication; to pray earnest-
with misbehavior in office to bring discredit on, ly: to beseech, crave, entreat, beg.
:

chance with impropriety, ell in question, accuse, Import, im-norf, v. t. To bring in from abroad; esp.
arraign, censure, indict. Impeach'ment, n. Act —
to bring (merchandise) from another country, in
of, or state of being:, imoeached, as, a calling to —
the transactions of commerce; to include, as signifi-
account, arraignment, esr>., arraignment of a pub- cation or intention: to imply, signify, denote, mean;
lic officer for maladministration or a calling in to be of imnortanc? or consequence to, interest, con-
question as to purity of motives or rectitude of con- cern.
;

Im'port, 7i. That which is imported, or —

due etc.
1-,
brought in from abroad; purport; meaning; intended
Impede, im-ned', v. t. To hinder, obstruct.— Imped'- significance: importance: consequence. Impor- —
iment, -p~d'Y-ment, n. That which impedes or hin- tance. 7i. Quality of being imnort'mt: consequence;
ders progress or motion obstruction obstacle; dif- moment: significance. — Important, n. Having
:

—
;

ficulty. Tmrterfiment in speech. A defect which weight or consequence; sigui.lcant momentous; ;

prevents distinct utterance. — Imped'itive, -i-tiv, a. grave.— Importation, n. Act or practice of import-
Ciusing hindrance: impeding. ing; goods introduced into a country from abroad.
Impel, im-pel', r. t. [-pklled (-neld'), -pelltxg.] To — Imnorfer. n. One who imports go'ods.
drive or urge forward: to incite to action, instigate, Impose, im-roz', v. t. [-posed (-pS/d'), -POSING.] To
actuate, move. Im'pulse, -puis, ». — Act of im- lay on to set or place, put, deposit to lay as a ; :

pelling impulsion
: action of a force so as to pro-
: charge, burden, tax, dutv, obligation, command,
duce motion suddenly; effect of an impelling force; etc: to levy: to pass off, palm. (Eccl.) To lay (the
sudden and unconsidered thought or mental pur- hands in confirmation or ordination). (Print.) To
pose exciting to action hasty inclination; impres- prepare for printing or casting bv arranging the
;

sion: instigation: shock.— Impul'sion, -shun, n. Act pares upon the stone, and scenringthem in the chase.
of impelling influence ;icting unexpectedly or
; Impos'ing, p- a. Adapted to impress forcibly; —
temporarily on the mind, from without or within; impressive commanrtinar. Impos'ing-stone, n. —
impulse. —
Impul'sive, -siv, a. Having power of (Print.) A stone on which the p^'ges or columns of
;

driving or impelling, actuated by impulse. (Jfech.) type are imposed or made into forms. Imposi'tion, —
Acting momentarily, or by impulse. -zish'un, i). Act of imposing, laving on, affixing,
Impend, im-pend', v. i. To hang over, be suspended enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, etc.; thing imposed;
above, be imminent; approach menacingly. Im- charge; burden: injunction: levy: tax: a trick or de-—
pendence, -eacy, -en-s-f, n. State of impending; ception put on others. (Ercl.) Act of laying on the
near approach; menacing attitude. Irnpend'ent, a. hands —
as a religion's c"-emony, in ordination and
Impending; imminent; threatening; pressing close- the like Imnos'tor, -rfis'ter, n One who imposes —
ly. — Ijapend'Lig, p. a. Hanging over impend- upon others, esp. one who fraudulently assumes a
;

ent. character r • titl" not his own deceiver cheat pre-: : ;

Imperative, im-pgr'a-tiv, a. Expressive of command; tender. —

Impost' ure. -i os'chur. n. Act or conduct
comin nding; authoritative not to be avoided or of an impost-.-: deception practiced under a false
evaded obligatory binding.
; ;
;

character; fraud; trie'e imposition; delusion.

;
—
stm, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 IMPOSTHUME 192 INABILITY
Im'post, -post, n. A tax, tribute, or duty; often mend, correct, rec cify.— v. i. To grow better; to make
duty laid by government on goods im- orshow improvement; to grow worse; to increase, be
ported into a country; tribute; toll; ex- enhanced, rise. — Improve'ment. n. Act of improv-
cise; custom. (Arch.) That part of a ing, or state of being improved progress toward ;

pillar, pier, entablature, wall, or abut- what is better; act of making profitable use of any-
ment upon which an arch or superstruc- thing, or state of being profitably employed prac- ;

ture rests. tical application, as of the doctrinesand" principles

ImpoBthume, im-post'hum, n. A collec- of a discourse; that which improves anything, or is
tion of pus or purulent matter in any added to it by way of improving it.
part of un animal body; an abscess. Impugn, im-puii', v.t. [-pugned (-piind'), -pugning.]
Impostor, Imposture, etc. See under Im- To attack by words or arguments, contradict, call in
pose. question. —
Impugn'able, -pun'a- or -piig'na-bl, a.
Impound, ini-pownd'", v. t. To confine in Capable of being, etc. Impugn'er, n. —
a pound or close pen, restrain within Impulse, Impulsion, etc. See under Impel.
limits. Impunity, Impure, etc. See under Immaculate.
Impoverish, im-pov'er-ish, v. t. [-ished Impurple, im-per'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To
(-isht), -ishing.] To make poor, reduce !

""l color or tinge with purple, make red or reddish.

to poverty to exhaust the
; strength, T Impute, im-put', v. t. To charge, ascribe, attribute;
richness, or fertility of. a Impost.
<
to charge to one as the author, responsible origina-
Imprecate, im'pre-kat, v. t. To call down by prayer, tor, or possessor of. (Thcol.) To set to one's account
as something hurtful or calamitous; to invoke, as
—Impreca'tion, n. Act of imprecating, or in-
as the ground of approval or condemnation. Im- —
evil. puta'tion. n. Act of imputing or charging; thing
voking evil on any one; curse; anathema. Im'pre- — imputed or charged; charge of evil; censure; re-
catory, -to-rl, a. Maledictory. proach intimation. (Tlieol.) Attribution of per-
;

Impregnate, im-preg'nat, v. t. To make pregnant, sonal guilt or personal righteousness on account of

get with young; to render fruitful or fertile, fertil- the offense or the atonement of another. Imput'- —
ize; to infuse particles of another substance into. a. — ative, -tiv, a. Coming by imputation; imputed.
Rendered prolific or fruitful; impregnated. Im- — In, in, vrep. Within inside of; surrounded by; not
:

pregnation, n. Act of impregnating;' fecundation; outside of. —

adv. Not out; within; inside; into.
—
state of being impregnated intimate mixture of; (Law.) With privilege or possession. n. person A
parts or particles; infusion; saturation. Inipregn', — —
who is in office, opp. of out; a reentrant angle a ;

-pren', v. t. To impregnate. —
nook or corner. Inlier, a.,compar. Further in;
Impress, im-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press- interior; internal; notobvious; obscure; pert, to the
—
i

ing.] To press, or stamp, in or upon; to make a

'

spirit or its phenomena. In'nermosfr, In'most, a.

mark or figure upon; to produce by pressure; to in- superl. Furthest inward; most remote from the out-
culcate, imprint; to take by force tor public service. ward part.— Inly, -If, a. Internal; interior; secret.
—
I

Im'press, n. A
mark made by pressure in- ; — adv. Internally secretly. In 'to, -too, prep. To
; —
dentation; imprint; stamp; mold; mark of distinc the inside of; within.— In'ward, a. Placed within;
tion; impression or influence wrought on the mind: interior; seated in the mind or soul.— n. Thatw hich,
—
I

act of impressing for the public service. ImpreB'- etc.; esp., j>1., the inner parts of the bodv; the th vis-
sion, -presh'un, «. Act of impressing or stamping
stamping; cera.— In'ward, -wards, adv. Toward the ii inside,
that produced by pressure, —
as, a stamp made by
]

center, or interior; into the mind or thoughts.—

pressure, mark; or, sensible result of an influence In'wardly, adv. In or toward the inner parts or
exerted from without or, influence on the pur-
; heart; internally; secretly; privately.— In-and-in, a.
poses, feelings, or actions; or, effect or influence on (Breeding.) From animals of the same parentage.
the organs of sense, which is the condition of sen- In'asmuch', adv. Seeing that; considering that
sation or sensible perception hence, an indistinct since, —
followed by as. In'somuch', adv. So; to —
—
;

notion, remembrance, or belief; or, a copy taken by such a degree; in such wise. Inning, n. Ingath-
pressure from type, an engraved plate, etc., also, all ering of grain: in games of ball, the turn for using
the copies taken at once an edition; that which
; the bat; pi. lands recovered from the sea.
impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency. In-, in, inseparable pref., with negative force: it be-
(Paint.) The ground-color a stratum of a single comes i- before gn, il- before I, im- before m and p,
color laid upon a wall or surface.
;

Impression- — and ir- before r. Many of the words formed by it

able, a. Susceptible of impression; capable of being are self-explanatory: those which have been insert-
molded; susceptive. —
Impressive, -iv, a. Making, ed in this vocabulary are gi-ouped under Ignoble,
or tending to make, an impression adapted to ; Illaudable, Immaculate, Inability, and Irra-
arouse the attention or touch the feelings capable ; tional.
of being impressed: susceptible: impressible. Inability, in-a-bil'T-tT, n. Quality or state of being
Impresario, im-pre-sa're-o, n. The manager of an unable; lock of ability; incapacity; weakness.
opera, etc. — Inaccessible, -ak-scs'I-bl, a. Not accessible
Imprimis, im-pri'mis, adv. In the first place; first in not to be reached, obtained, or approached. Inac- — ;

order. cessltly, adv. —

Inaccesslfcleness, -ibil'ity, n. —
Imprint, im'print, n. Whatever is printed on the Inac'curate, -rat, a. Not accurate displaying a ;

title-page of a book: esp. the name of the printer or want of careful attention; erroneous.— Inac'curate-
publisher, with time and place of publication.— Im- ly, adv. —
Inac 'curacy, -si, n. State of being in-
print', i'. t. To impress to mark by pressure
: to accurate; want of exactness; mistake; fault; error;
—
;

stamp; to stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by blunder. Inac'tion, n. Want of action; idleness;
means of types; to fix indelibly, as on the memory. rest. — Inactive, -iv, a. Not active having no
—
;

Im'prima'tur, n. A license, to print a book, etc". power to move; not disposed to action or effort; not
Imprison, im-priz'n, v. t. [-oned (-nd), -oning.1 To busy; idle; dull; indolent; slothful; lazy. (Chem.)
put into a prison, confine in a prison or jail: to limit, Not producing results. — Inadequate, -e-kwat, a.
hinder, or restrain; to incarcerate, immure. Im- — Not adequate: unequal to the purpose ; insufficient
pris'onment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; re- to effect the object; incommensurate; disproportion-
straint of liberty; custody; durance. ate ; incompetent; incapable.— Inad'equateness,
Impromptu, im-promp'tu, adv. or a. Off-hand; with- -equacy, -e-kwa-sT, n. Quality or state of being
out previous study; extempore. n. An off-hand or — inadequate ; inequality ; incompleteness. Inad- —
extemporaneous composition. vert'ent, a. Not turning the mind to a matter;
Impropriate, im-pro'prl-at. v. t. Orig., to appropriate careless. — Inadvertently, adv. Inadvertence, —
to private use. (Eng. Eccl. Law.) To place the -ency, -eri-sT n. State of being, etc.; lack of heed-
,

profits of, for care and disbursement, in the hands fulness or attentiveness; an oversight, mistake, or
of a layman; to appropriate to private use or put in fault, proceeding from negligence carelessness
possession of a layman. thoughtlessness. —
Inalienable, -al'yen-a-bl, a. In-
; ;

Improve, im-proov', v. t. [-proved (-proovd'), -PROV- capable of being alienated, or transferred to another.
ING.] To make better; to increase the value or good —Inane', -an', a. Destitute of contents empty
qualities of; to use to good purpose; to advance, purposeless ; void of sense or intelligence. Ina-
;

— ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, Or
 INANITY 193 INCONVENIENCE
mption, -nish/un, n. Condition of being inane; To give inconvenience to, give trouble to, disturb,
emptiness; exhaustion from want of food. Inan'- — molest, disquiet. —
Incommo'dious, -nw'dt-us, a.
ity, -an'T-tT, n. Inanition; void space; emptiness; Not commodious tending to incommode; not af-
deficiency of contents senselessness frivolity. ; ;
— fording ease or advantage
;

giving trouble. In- ;

—
Inanimate, -T-mat, a. Not animate destitute of eommutSble, -mut'a-bl, a. Not commutable; not
life or spirit; lifeless: inert- inactive; dull; soulless;
;

capable of being exchanged with another. In- —

spiritless. —
Inappropriate, -prl-at, a. Not proper comparable, -pa-ra-bl, a. Not comparable; admit-
or appropriate unbecoming unsuitable, as in ting of no comparison with otheis; peerless; match-
manners, moral conduct,
;

etc. — Inapt'itude,
;

-apf- less transcendent.

; Incompatible, -pat'I-bl, a. —
T-tud, n. Want of aptitude; unfitness; unsuitable- Not compatible incapaole of co-existence irrec-
; ;

ness. —
Inar'able, -ar'a-bl, a. Not arable not ; oncilably opposed inconsistent incongruous dis-
; ; ;

capable of being plowed —Inartic'ulate, -tik'u-lat, similar discordant repugnant

; contradictory.— ; ;

a. Not articulate; not distinct, or with distinction Incom'petent, -pe-teut, a. Not competent; wanting
of syllables. (Zobl.) Not jointed or articulated.— in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, quali-
Inartificial, -fish/al, a. Not artificial not made ; fications, etc.; wanting the legal or constitutional
or performed by the rules of art; characterized by qualifications not lying within one's competency,
;

artlessness or simplicity. Inatten'tion, n. Waiit — capacity, or authorized power; unfit inadmissible.

— Inconv'petence, -tency, -ten-sT, n.
;

of attention or consideration: inadvertence; heed- Quality of be-

lessness neglect. Inattentive, -tiv, a. Not at-
;
— ing, eiC (Law.) Want of competency or legal fitness
tentive; not fixing the mind on an object; careless; to be heard or admitted as a witness, or to sit or act
heedless; negligent; remiss.— Inaudible, -awd'i-bl, as a juror. —
Incomplete', -plef, a. Not complete;
a. Not audible; incapable of being lieard; making unfinished; imperfect; defective. (Bot.) Lacking
no sound noiseless; silent. — Inauspi'cious. -aws-
; calyx or corolla, or both. Incom/ prehen / Bible, —
pish'us, a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unlucky; -b.enSl'-bl, o. Not comprehensible; incapable oi be-
evil. ing comprehended or understood; inconceivable.
— Incalculable, in-kal'ku-la-bl, a. Not capable of Inconceivable, -sevS-bl, a. Not conceivable in- ;

bein
g beyond calculation very great.
calculated capable of being conceived by the mind incom- ;

— Inca
nca'pable,
_ a. Not capable
;

not having ade- ;

;

prehensible. —
Inconclusive, -klu'siv, a. Not con-
equatepower or capacity, mental, physical, or spa- clusive; not settling a point in debate, or a doubtful
tial not in a moral condition in which it would
; question. —
Incon'gruent, -kon'groo-ent, a. Not
be possible (to do an immoral or dishonorable act); congruent unsuitable inconsistent.
; Incongru''- ; —
not in a state to suffer or receive; not admitting. ity, -kon-groo'i-tT, n. Want of congruity; unsuit-
(Law.) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense. ableness of one thing to another; inconsistency.-—
— Inca'pably, adv. Inca'pabil'ity, n. Quality — Incon'gruous, -kon'groo-us, a. Not congruous to
of being incapable incapacity want of power. ; ; a standard or end; not reciprocally agreeing; incon-
(Law.) Want of legal qualifications. Incapacity, — sistent inappropriate; unfit; improper.
; Incon- —
-pas'T-tY, n. Want of capacity; defect of intellectual sequent, -se-kwent, a. Not following from the
power; inability; incompetency; unfitness; disqual- premises; invalid; illogical; inconsistent. Incon'- —
ification. {Law.) Want of legal ability or competen- sequen'tial, -kwenShal, a. Not regularly following
cy. — Incapacitate, deprive of capacity v. t. To from the premises not of consequence of little :

—
;

or natural power to disable, deprive of competent ; moment. Inconsequence, -kwens, n. Quality of

power or ability. (Law.) To deprive of legal or con- being inconsequent: inconclusivcness. Inconsid''- —
stitutional requisites; to disqualify. — Incapac'ita'- erable, a. Unworthy of consideration; unimportant;
tion, n. Want of capacity; disqualification. — Incau''- trivial. —
InconsidSrableness, n.— Inconsiderate,
tious, -kaw'shus, a. Not cautious; not circumspect; -er-at, a. Not considerate; not attending to the cir-
unwary; indiscreet; imprudent; impolitic: thought- cumstances which regard safety or propriety; pro-
less improvident. Incer'titude, -ser'tT-tud, n. — ceeding from heedlessness rash negligent im- ; ;

—
; ;

Uncertainty doubtfulness doubt. ; Inces'sant, ; provident; incautious; injudicious rasn hasty. ; ;

-ses'sant, a. Continuing or following without inter- Inconsistent, a. Not consistent at variance, esp. ;

ruption; unceasing; uninterrupted: continual; con- as regards character, sentiment, or action not ex-
stant perpetual.
;
—
In'cest, -sest, ??. The crime of hibiting conformity of sentiment, steadiness to
;

cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons principle, etc. incompatible incongruous irrec-
—
; ; ;

related within the degrees wherein marriage is pro- oncilable repugnant; contradictory.
; Inconsist-
hibited.— Incesfuous, -u-us, a. Guilty of incest; in- ence, -ency, -en-sf, n. Quality of "being, etc.; ab-
volving the crime of incest. Incivility, -si-viKi- — surdity in argument or narration unsteadiness ;

tT, 7i. Quality of being uncivil; want of courtesy; changeabieness. —

InconSonance, -sonancy. -so-nan-
;

unmannerliness; impoliteness; any act of rudeness sY, n. Want of consonance or harmony of action
or ill breeding. —
Inciv'ism, -siv'izm, n. Want of or thought. (Mus.) Disagreement of sounds: dis-
civism want of patriotism or love to one's country.
; cord. —Inconspicuous, -spik'u-us, a. Not con-
Inclem'ent, -klem'ent, a. Not clement; void of ten- spicuous hardly discernible.
; Inconstant, a. —
derness; unmerciful severe; harsh; physically se- ; Not constant subject to change of opinion, incli-
;

vere; stormy; boisterous; rigorously cold, etc. In- — nation, or purpose; changeable: variable; mutable;
—
clemency, -en-sT, n. Condition or quality of being, fickle volatile
; unstable. Inconstancy, -stan-
;

etc.; physical harshness; storminess; severe cold.— sT, n. Quality of being, etc.; want of uniformity;
Incog'', -kog', adv. In concealment; in disguise; in dissimilitude."— Inconsum'' able, -sumS-bl, a. Not
a manner not to be known. [Contr. fr. incognito.] — consumable. —/
Inconsum 'mate, -surn'mat, a. Not
Incog/itative, -koj'i-ta-tiv, a. Not cogitative consummate; not finished; not complete. Incon- —
wanting power of thought. Incog/nito, -nl-to, a. — ;

testable, a. Not contestable; too clear to be con-

or adv. Unknown in disguise in an assumed troverted; indisputable irrefragable undeniable;
—
; ; ; :

character, and under an assumed name. n. One unquestionable: indubitable. IncontigSous, -tig'- —
unknown or in a disguise, or under an assumed u-us, a. Not contiguous: separate. Incon'tinent, —
character; assumption of a feigned character; state 'tT-nent, a. Not continent; not restraining the pas-
of being in di_sguise or assumed character. Inco- — sions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite ;
herent, -ko-her'ent, a. Not coherent; wanting co- unchaste lewd. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural
;

hesion loose unconnected wanting agreement;

; evacuations. re. —
One who is unchaste. Incon- —
—
; :

incongruous; inconsistent. Incombus'tible, -tt-bl, tinently, adr. Without due restraint of the pas-
a. Not combustible; not capable of being burned, sions or appetites unchastely immediately at ; ;

—
;

decomposed, or consumed by fire. Incommen'- once: suddenly.— Incon'tirence, -neDcy, -nen-st,

surable, -men'shoo-ra-bl, a. Not commensurable ; n. Quality of 'being, etc Incon'troverfible, a. —
having no common measure or standard of com- Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of
parison. —
Incommen'surabil'ity, n. Quality or dispute indisputable.— Incon'troverfibly, adv. —
—
;

state of being, etc. Incommensurate, a. Not Inconvenient, -ven'yent, a. Not convenient; not
commensurate not admitting of a common meas-; becoming or suitable"; unfit; inexpedient; giving
ure; not of equal measure or extent; unequal in- trouble or uneasiness disadvantageous; inoppor- ;

—
;

adequate ; insufficient. — Incommode'', -mod'', i>. t. tune. Incouven'ieice, -iency, -yen-sT, n. Want
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
13
 INCONVENIENCE 194 INDISPOSE
of convenience; that which gives trouble or uneasi- of mind; indecorous; unseemly; coarse; broad;
ness incommodiousness disquiet; disturbance; ; pross indecent. ;
—
Indelicacy," -T-ka-sT, n. Want
;

annoyance trouble. ;
—
Inconvenience, v. t. To of delicacy coarseness of manners or language.
;

bring' to inconvenience to occasion inconvenience Indem'nify, -ni-ii, v. t. [-fied (-lid), -fyikg.] To

to; to incommode. — ;

Inconvertible, -vert'I-bl, a. save harmless, secure against future loss or dam-

Not convertible; not capable of being changed into age to make up lor that which is past to reim- ;

—
;

something else. Incorpo'real, -po're-al, a. Not burse.— Indem'nifica'tion, n. Act of indemnifying;

corporeal; not consisting of matter; immaterial; un- reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; that
substantial; bodiless; spiritual. {Law.) Not having which indemnifies.— Indem'nity, -nY-tl, n. Secu-
a visible existence; intangible, as, an equity of re- exemption from loss or dam-
rity to save harmless;
demption is an incorporeal hereditament. Iiicorpo'- — age compensation or remuneration for loss, dam-
really, adv.— Incor'pore'ity, n. Quality of being
;

age, or injury sustained. Indenion'strable, -mon'- —

incorporeal; immateriality. Incorporate, -rat, a. — stra-bl, a. incapable of being demonstrated; not
Incorporeal not corporate.
; Incorrect', a. Not — susceptible of proof.— Independent, a. Not depend-
correct not according to a copy or model, or to
; ent not subject to the control of others
; affording ;

established rules; not in accordance with the truth; a comfortable livelihood not subject to influence ; ;

not accordant with the rule of duty or of morality; self-directing expressing or indicating the feeling
:

inaccurate erroneous wrong faulty.

; ; Incor'- ; — of independence; free; easy; bold; separate from;
rigible, -rl-jl-bl, a. Not corrigible incapable of ; exclusive. (Eccl.) Belonging or pert, to the Inde-
being corrected or amended irreclaimable. — In- ; pendents. n. —
(Eccl.) One who believes that
cor'rigibleness, -gibil'ity, n. Incorrigibly, adv. — an organized Christian church is complete in itself,
— Incorrupt', a. Not affected with corruption or and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. —
deciy; not denied or depraved; pure; untainted. Independence, -ens, -ency, -en-si, n. State or qual-
Incorruptible, a. Incapable of corruption, decay, ity 01 being, etc.; exemption from reliance on others,
or dissolution; inflexibly just and upright. Incor- — or control by them. Indescrib'able, -sknb'a-bl, a. —
rup'tion, -rup'shun, n. Absence of, or exemption Incapable of being desciiued. Indesert', -zert', n. —
from, corruption. —
Incorrupt'ive, -rupt'iv, a. Not Want of merit or worth.— Indeter'minate, -ml-nat,
liable to corruption. — In'create, -kre-at, In'crea'- a. Not determinate; uncertain; not precise. In- —
ted, a. Uncreated. —
Incredible, a. Not credible; deter'mina'tion, n. Want of determination; an un-
impossible to be believed not to be credited. In-
;
— settled or wavering state, as of the mind; want of
cred'iblene3s, -ibil'ity. n.— Incredibly, adv. In a fixed or stated direction. —Indifferent, -ier-ent, a.
manner to p.eclude belief. Incred'uious, -u-lus, a. — Not making a difference; having no influence or pre-
Not credulous; indisposed to believe; skeptical. ponderating weight; of no account; neither particu-
Incred'ulousness, Incredu'lity, n. Quality of be- larly good, nor very bad passable not inclined to ; ;

ing incredulous indisposition to believe

; skepti- ; one* side, party, or thing more than to another neu- ;

cism; unbelief; disbelief.— lacur'able, -kur'a-bl, a. tral ; impartial unbiased disinterested feeling no
Not curable; incapable of being cured; not admit-
;

interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything.

; ;

—
ting remedy or correction; irremediable; irrecover- Indifference, -ens, n. Quality of being indifferent,
able; irretrievable. n. —
person diseased beyond A or not making or measuring a difference passable- ;

the reach of cure a sick person who cannot be ness mediocrity impartiality freedom from bias;
cured. —
Incur'ableness, -ability, n.
;

Incur 'ably, — ; ;

state of the mind when it feels no interest in what

;

adv. So as to be incurable.— Incu'rious, -ku'rl-us, is presented to it carelessness unconcern apa- ;

thy insensibility. — Indiflerency, -en-sT, n. Ab-

; ;

a. Not curious or inquisitive; destitute of curiosity; ;

uniuquisitive. sence of interest in, or influence from, anything;

— Inde'cent, in-de'sent, a. Not decent; unfit to equilibrium indiffercntism. — Irdif'ferentism,
;

be seen or heard indelicate immodest gross

; : ; ; -izm, n. State of indifference. Indigested, -df- —
unchaste; obscene; filthy. Inde'cently, adv. [n — jest'ed, a. Not digested undigested crude not ; ; ;

a manner to offend delicacy. Inde'cence. -cen- — regularly disposed and arranged. (Med.) Not brought
cy, -sen-sY, n. Want of decency lack of modes- ; to suppuration. —
Indigestible, a. Not digestible;
ty; that which is indecent; an indecent word, act, not easily converted into chvme: not to be received
etc.; indecorum: impurity; obscenity.— Indecision, or patiently endured. Indiges'tion, -jes'chun, n. —
-sizh'nn. n. Want of decision wavering of mind; : Want of due digestion a failure of the gastric ;

irresolution. Indeci'sive, -si'siv, a. Not decisive; juices to produce necessary changes in food in the
not bringing to a final close prone to indecision; ; alimentary canal dyspepsia difficult or painful ; ;

wavering; vacillating; hesitating. Indeclinable, — digestion.'— Indig'nant, a. Affected with indig-

-klTn'a-bl, a. (Gram.) Not declinable: not va- nation feeling wrath and scorn or contempt.
: In- —
ried by terminations. —
Indeclin'ably, adv. With- digna'tion, rr. Strong disapprobation of what is
out variation of termination. —Indecorous, -de-ko'- flagitious in character or conduct anger mingled ;

rus or -dek'o-'-us, a. Not decorous; violating good with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence wrath; re- ;

manners unbecoming unseemly rude coarse sentment rage. —

Indig'nity, -nT-tT, n. Unmerited
;

uncivil. —Indecorously, -de-ko'- or -dek'o-, adr.

; ; ;

— ; :

contemptuous treatment contumely injury ac- ; ;

Indecorousness. n. Violation of propriety. Inde- — companied with insult. Indirect -dt-rekt', a. — ,

co'rum, n. Want of decorum impropriety of be- : Not direct not straight or rectilinear circuitous
; ; ;

havior; a breach of decorum.— Indefatigable, -fat'- roundabout; not tending to an aim, purpose, or re-
Y-sra-bl, a. Incapable of being fatigued; unwearied: sult by the most plain and direct method or course;
persevering; assiduous. —Indefea'sible,-fe'zY-bl, a. by remote means not straightforward or upright : ;

Not to be defeated: incapable of being made void. unfair; dishonest. —

Indirec'tion, n. Oblique course
Indefea/sibil'ity, n. —
Indefectible, a. Not liable to or means dishonest practices indirectness.
: In- —
—
;

defect, failure, or decay. Ir>defect / ibil1ty, n. In- — discernible, -diz-ze-n'T-bl, a. Incani hie of being
defect'ive. -iv, a. Not defective; perfect; complete. discerned; not discoverable. Indiscerp ' tible, —
— Iidefen'sible, a. Not defensible; not capable of -serp'tY-bl, a. Not discerptible incapable of being
beimr maintained, vindicated, or justified. — Inde- destroyed by dissolution or separation of parts.
;

—
fen'sive, -siv, a. Having no defense. Indefin'- — Indiscreet', -kret', o. Not discreet: wanting in dis-
able. -In'a-bl, a. Incapable of being defined. In- — cretion: imivnulont; injudicious; rash: hasty; heed-
definite, -def'T-nit, a. Not definite; not limited, less. —Indiscre'tion, -k-esh'un, v. Want of discre-
frecise, or cartain; having no determined or certain tion: imnrnder>ce; anindiscreetact: indisc-eet behav-
imits. (Rot.) More than 12, esp. when the number ior. —
Indiscrete', -Vet', a. Not di'C-etf or separa-
is not consent, —
said of the parts of a flower, ted.— Indiscriminate, -krim'i-nat, a. Wanting dis-
etc. —Indehis 'cent, -de-his'sent, a. (Bot) Not crimination not making any distinction.
; Indis- —
opening; spontaneously at maturity. Indeliberate, — pen'sable, a. Not dispensable impossible to be :

-de-lib'e -at, a. Dorie without deliberation; sud- omitted, or spared absolutely necessary not ad-
—
: ;

den ; unpremeditated. Indelible, -del'Y-bl, n. mitting dispensation not providing for release or :

Not to be b'otted out: incm-'ble of being effaced, ' exemption. —

Ir- dispose ', -poz', ?•. t. [-posed
!ED
lost, or forgotten. —
Indel'icite, -del'I-kat, a. Not (-iiOTid'), -posino.] To render unfit or unsuited ed,
delicate ; offensive to good manners, or to purity disqualify; to disqualify for the exercise of proper per

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; in, ice ; odd, t5ne, 8r
 INDISPOSEDNESS 195 INFANTINE
functions to make somewhat ill
; to disincline, ; — Ineffi'cient, -fish'ent, a. Not efficient; not pro-
render averse or unfavorable to make unfavorable ducing the effect inefficacious habitually slack
—
;

— or remiss effecting nothing. — Inel'egant. a. Not

; ;

or disinclined, with toward. Indispos'edness, n. ;

Condition or quality of being, etc.; slight aversion; elegant wanting m anything which correct taste
;

indisposition.— Indisposition, -zish'un, n. Con- requires. — Inel'egance, -gancy, -gan-sT, n. Quality

dition of wanting adaptation or affinity slight dis- ; of being, etc. —Ineligible, -l-ji-bl, a. Not eligible;
order of the healthy functions of the body; want of not proper to be elected to an office undesirable.
—
:

fitness in feeling; disinclination; aversion. Indis'- — Ineligibility, n. - Inept', a. Not apt or fit
putable, -pu-ta-bl. a. Not disputable too evident ; unfit; unsuitable; improper; silly; nonsensical.—
to admit of dispute ; incontestable unquestion- Ineptitude, -1-tud, n. Quality of being inept
able; incontrovertible: certain; positive. Indis'pu-
;

— unfitness; foolishness; nonsense. Inequal ' ity, —

tableness, n. —
Indis'putably, adv. Indissoluble, — -kwol'Y-tY, n. Quality of being unequal: lack of uni-
-so-lu-bl, a. Not capable of being dissolved, melted, formity; diversity; unevenness; want of levelness;
or liquefied perpetually binding or obligator}'. disproportion to any office or purpose inadequacy.
;

Indis ' solubleness, -lubil'ity, n. Indistinct ', — (Alg.) The expression of 2 unequal quantities, with
;

-tinkf, a. Not distinct or distinguishable obscure ; the sign of inequality between them,— as, 3 > 2. (As-
to the mind confused not presenting clear and
; ; tron.) An irregularity or deviation in the motion of
well-defined images or perceptions; imperfect; faint: a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion.
undefined: indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain. — Ineq'uitable, -ek'wY-ta-bl,a. Not equitable: not
—Indistinc'tion, of distinction or distin-
n. Want just. — Inert'', -erf, a. Destitute of the power of
guishableness; confusion; indiscrimination; equal- moving itself, or of active resistance to motion im-
ity of rank or condition. Indistinctly, adv. Not — pressed; indisposed to move or act: dull powerless
clearly; confusedly obscurely. Indistin'gnislia-;
— for an effect or influence inactive sluggish. In- ; ;
;

—
ble, -tin'gwish-a-bl, a. Not distinguishable unable er'tia, -er'shY-a, n. (Physics.) That property of mat-
to be distinguished. —
Individ'ual. -vid'u-al, a. Not
;

ter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and

divided, or not to be divided single one of, or ; ; ; when in motion to continue in motion. Indisposition
pert, to, one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, to move; inactivity; sluggishness.— In es'timable, -tY-
a single person or thing distinctive. n. single ; A ma-bl, a. Incapable of being estimated or computed;
person, animal, or thing of any kind esp. a hu- above incalculable; invaluable.
all price; Inev'- —
man being: a person. Individ 'ualism, -izm, n. — ;

itable, -Y-ta-bl, a. Not evitable incapable of being ;

Quality of being individual individuality excess- ; ; avoided unavoidable not to be withstood or re-
; ;

ive or exclusive regard to one's personal" interest sisted. —

Inexact', -egz-akf a. Not exact: liot pre- ,

selfishness. (Social Science.) Doctrine that the in-

;

cisely correct or true. —

Inexcusable, -eks-kuz'a-bl,
terests of society are best promoted by each indi- a. Not admitting excuse or justificatir n. Inex- —
vidual's seeking his own personal welfare, opp. — haustible, -egz-awsf Y-bl, a. Incapable of being
to socialism and communism. Individ'ual'ity, -u- — exhausted or emptied unfailing. Inexist'ent, ;
—
al'Y-tY, n. Condition or quality of being individual ;_ -egz-ist'ent, n. Not having being not existing ;

distinct nature or existence character or property" ; existing in something else inherent. Inex'ora- ;
— ;

peculiar to an individual distinctive character. ; ble, -eks'o-ra-bl, a. Not to be persuaded or moved

See Phrenology. —
Individ'ual'iza'tion, n. Act of by entreaty or prayer; unyielding; unchangeable.
individualizing state of being individualized.
;
— — Inexorability, n. Inexpe'dient, -eks-pe'dY- —
Individualize, w. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg] To select ent, a. Not expedient not tending to a gcod end ;

or mark as an individual; to particularize. In- — or to promote a purpose or cause unfit improper.

dividually, adv. In an individual manner or re- — Inexpe'rience, -eks-pelY-ens. n. Absence or want
; ;

lation : separately inseparably; incommunicably. of experience. —

Inexpe'rienced. -rl-enst, a. Not
— ;

Indlvid'uate, -u-at, v. t. To distinguish from having experience unskilled. Inexpert', -eks-

;
—
others of the species to discriminate: to cause to perf, a. Not expert without knowledge or dex- ;

—
;

exist as an individual whole. Individ'ua' tion, n. terity derived from practice.— Inex'piable, -eks'-
Act of making single, or the same, to the exclusion pY-a-bl, a. Admitting of no atonement or satisfac-
of others act of endowing with individuality act tion incapable of being appeased by atonement
:

of separating into individuals by analysis. Indi- —

: ;

implacable. —
Inex'plicable, -eks'plY-ka-bl, a. Not
visible, -viz'Y-bl, a. Not divisible; nbt separable explainable incapaole of being explained, inter-
;

into parts. (Math ) Not capable of exact division; preted, or accounted for. Inexplicit, -eki-plislt, —
incommensurable. n. That which is indivisible. a. Not explicit; not clearly stated. Inexpressi- —
(Geom.) One of the elements or principles, sup- ble, -eks-pres'sY-bl, a. Not capable of expression ;
posed to be infinitely small, into which a body or not to be uttered unspeakable ineffable untold.
; ; ;

figure may be resolved an infinitesimal. Indoc'- ;

— — Inexpressive, -iv, a. Not expressing or intend-
—
ible, -dos'Y-bl, a. Incapable of being taught, or not ing to express; meaningless; inexpressible. Inex-
easily instructed intractable. Indoc'ile. -dosll, — pug'nable, -eks-pug'na- or -pun'a-bl, a. Incapable
;

a. Not teachable; not easily instructed; dull; in- of being subdued Dy force; impregnable. Inex- —
tractable. —
Indocillty, n. Dullness of intellect tirct', -eks-tinkf a. Not quenched , not extinct.
—
;

intraetableness. —
In'dolence, -lency, -do-len-sT, n. Inextin'guishable, -tin'gwish-a-bl, n. Not capable
Habitual idleness; indisposition to labor: laziness. of being extinguished; unquenchable. Irextir'- —
— In'dolent, a. Indulging in ease avoiding labor pable, -eks-tei'pa-bl, a. Not capable of being extir-
—
;

and exertion habitually idle; lazy: listless slug- pated. Ines'tricable, -eks'trY-ka-bl, a. Not capa-
gish. — Indolent tumor. {Med.) A tumor causing
; ;

ble of being extricated.

little or no pain. — Indomitable, -dom'Y-ta-bl, a. — Infallible, in-fal'lY-bl, a. Not fallible entirely ;

Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible. — In- exempt from liability to mistake; net liable to fail,
du'bitable, -bT-ta-bl, a. Not dubitable too plain ; or to deceive confidence; certain. It/famy, -fc-mY, —
to admit of doubt unquestionable evident ; in- ; ; n. Total loss of reputation; publicdisgrr.ee; cxtieme
contestable. baseness or vileness. (Law.) That less of character
— Iuedlted, in-ed'it-ed, a. Not edited; unpublished. which a convict incurs, and by which a person is at
— Ineffable, a. Incapable of being exnressed in common law rendered incompetent as a witness.
words unspeakable unutterable.
: Inefface'able, ;
— — In'famous, -mus, a. Of ill report having a ;

-fas'a-bl, n. Incapable of being effaced. Ineffect'- — reputation of the worst kind held in abhorrence
base igno-
; ;

Ive, -fekt'iv, a. Not effective; incapable of produ- detestable scandalous

; disgraceful ; ; ;

cing any effect, orthe effect intended; useless; vain; minious. (Law.) Branded with infamy by convic-
fruitless; weak. —
Ineffectual, -u-al, a. Not produ- tion of a crime. In'fant, n. — young babe; some- A
cing the proper effect: inefficient: weak.— Inef'flca'- times, a child several years of age. (Law.) per- A
cioua, -fY-ka'shus, a. Not efficcinus not having son not of full ajre; a minor, —a. Pert, to infancy
—
; ;

power to produce the effect desi-ed, or the proper intended for youna: children. In'fancy, -sY, n.
effect. —
Inef fica'ciousness, Ir> efficacy, -ka-sY, n. State of being an infant ; earlv part of life begin- ;

Inefficiency; ineffectualness. Inefficiency, -fish'- — ning or early period. (Lavj. ) State or condition of
en-sY, n. State or quality of being inefficient; want one under a Lie nonage ; minority.
; In'fantile, -til —
of power or exertion of power to produce the effect. or -tYl, In'fantine, -tin or -tYn, a. Pert. to. or char-

sun, cube, full ; moon, fott ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 INFANTA 196 INSCIENT
acteristic of, infants or children. Infanla, young — pitiless; merciless ; savage ; barbarous.— Inhuman''-
-ta, re. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the I ity, n. State of being inhuman.
royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress — Inimical, in-im'i-kal, a. Having the disposition
—
i

apparent. Infanle, -ta, n. Any son of the king, or temper of an enemy unfriendly opposed in
;

except the eldest, or heir apparent. Infant Icide, — tendency, influence, or effects; repugnant. Inim r -
;

—
-Y-sid, n. (Zaw.) The killing of a newly-born child. [
itable, -f-ta-bl. ". Not capable of being imitated or
Child-murder; a slayer of infants.— Infantry, -f ant- copied.— Iniq'uity, -ik'wY-tY, re. Absence of, or de-
rl, re. {Mil.) Foot-soldiers, disting. fr. cavalry. — j

viation from, equator just dealing; wantof rectitude;

Infea'sible, -fe'zY-bl, a. Not capable of being done an act of injustice or unrighteousness Mickedness ;

or accomplished impracticable. Infec'und, a. — sin; crime; a character in the old Eng. moralities,
;

Unfruitful not producing young barren.

;
;

In- ; — j

or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one

—
!

felicitous, -lis'Y-tus, a. Not felicitous unhappy; ; vice and sometimes of another. Iniq'uitous, -wY-
unfortunate. — Infelicity, -Y-tf, n. Unhappiness, tus, a. Characterized by iniquity wicked nefari- ; ;

misery unfortunate state

misfortune unfavor- ; ; ous criminal.
;

— Infer'tile, -ferlil, a. Not fertile; un-

;

— Injudicious, in-ju-dish'us, a. Not judicious; void

!

ableness.
productive barren. — Infertility, n. — In'fidel, of judgment; indiscreet; unwise; rash; hasty im-
-t'Y-del, a.
;

Unbelieving; disbelieving the inspiration

;

prudent. —
Inlure, -jur, v. t. [-jured (-jurd), -juk-
;

isg.] To do harm to, hurt, damage; to wound, as the

]

of the Scriptures, or the divine institution of Chris-

tianity. n. —
One without faith, or unfaithful; a
|

[
person: to impair soundness, as of health; to damage
disbeliever in Christianity unbeliever esp. a free- ; ;
j
or lessen the value of, as goods or estates to slan- ;

thinker, atheist, or skeptic; formerly, one not of the der, or impair, as reputation or character to dimin- ;

—
;

faith, said by persons of any religion of those not ish, as happiness; to give pain to, as the sensibilities
of the same belief, as by Christians of Mohamme- or the feelings to impair, as the intellect or mind.
;

dans, and vice versa.— Infidelity, re. Want of faith

j
i

— Injulious, -julY-us, a. Not just; wrongful; hurt-

or belief; skepticism; disbelief of the divine origin ful or prejudicial to the rights of another tending ;

of Christianity unfaithfulness to the marriage con- to injure; pernicious; baneful; contumelious; hurt-
;

tract; breach of trust; treachery; deceit. In'finite, — |

ing reputation. —
In'jury, -ju-rY, n. That which in-
-fY-nit, a. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; jures, brings harm, or occasions loss or diminution
without limit in power, capacitv, intensity, or moral of good; mischief; detriment; damage.— Injuslice,
excellence; perfect ; indefinitely large or extensive;
]

(
-tis, n. Want of justice and equity ; violation of
immeasurable illimitable unbounded. {Math.) the rights of an individual wrong.
—
; ; ;

Greater than any assignable quantity of the same Inliocent, in'no-sent, o. Not harmful; free from
kind. {Mas.) Capable of endless repetition. n. In- guilt; not tainted with sin; lawful; permitted; not
finite space or extent; the Almighty. {Math.) An in- I contraband; harmless; inoffensive; pure; blameless;
finite quantity or magnitude. An infinity! an incal- faultless; upright.— re. One free from guilt or harm;
culable or very great number. Ia'finiteslmal, a. — an ignorant person; hence, an idiot; dolt; simpleton.
Infinitely small; less than any assignable quantity.—
|

|
— In'nocence, -sens, re. State of being innocent; in-
re. {Math.) An infinitely small quantity, or one less nocuousness; state of being not chargeable with guilt
than any assignable quantity.— Infinitive, -Y-tiv, a. or sin; purity of heart; ignorance; imbecility.— In'-
Unlimited; not bounded or restricted. Infinitive' — nocency, -sen-sY, n. Same as Innocence, but anti-
mode. {Oram.) That mode of the verb which ex- quated.—In'nocently, adv.—Innoc / uous,-nok /'u-us,
presses the action of the verb without limitation of «. Harmless; safe; producing noill effect: innocent.
person or number ; as, to lore: infinitive is often — Innoxious, -nok'shus, a. "Free from mischievous
used as a noun to denote this mode.—Infinitude, -T- qualities; harmless in effects innocent guiltless.— ; :

tud, re. Quality of being infinite infiniteness in- ; ; Innumerable, -mer-a-bl, a. Not capable of being
finite extent; immensity: boundless number; count- numbered, for multitude very numerous count-
less multitude.— Infinity, -Y-tY, re. Unlimited ex- less ; numberless ;
;

unnumbered. — Innutrilion,
;

tent of time, space, or.quantity boundlessness ; un- ; -trisb/un, re. Want of nutrition. Innutri'tious, —
limited capacitv, energy, or excellence endless or ; -trfsb/us, a. Not nutritious, or nourishing; innutri-
indefinite number; immense multitude. {Math.) tive. — Innulritive, -trT-tiv, a. Not nourishing.
The state of a quantity when greater than any as-
— —Inobserv 'ant,in-ob-zerv r ant,a. Not taking notice;
/

signable quantity of the same kind. Infirm'', heedless. — Inobservance, -ans, Want of observ- re.
-ferm', a. Not firm or sound; weak; weak of mind; ance; negligence —Ino'dorous, -o'dgr-us, n. Want-
irresolute not solid or stable
; sickly feeble im- ; ; ; ing scent having no smell. — Inoffen'sive, -siv, a.
—
;

becile. Infirm'' ary, -a-rT, n. hospital, or place A Giving no offense, provocation, or disturbance; harm-
where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed. — less; doing no injury or mischief.— Inoffi'cial. -fish'-
Infirmity, -Y-tY, re. State of being infirm an im- ; al, a. Not official; not done in the usual forms or by
perfection or weakness; esp., a disease, malady; fail- the proper officer. —
Inofficious, -fish"'us, a. Not
ing foible; debility; imbecility; imperfection.—
; civil or attentive. {Law.) Regardless of natural
Inflexible, -fleks'Y-bl, a. Not capable of being obligation contrary to natural duty.
; Inopera- —
bent firm firm in purpose ; not to be changed
; ; ; tive, -er-a-tiv, a. Not operative producing no ef- ;
r
incapable of change; unbending; unyielding; rigid; fect.— Inop / portune /', -por-tun' a. Not opportune;
inexorable ; stubborn ; unrelenting. Infor^mal, — unseasonable in time. —
Inor'dinate, -or'di-nat, a.
,

-for'mal, a. Not in the regular, usual, or estab- Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds;
lished form; irregular; not according to official or irregular; disorderly; excessive; immoderate.—Inor-
prescribed rules or forms; not binding; without cer- ganic, -ical, a. Not organic; without organs; not
emony.— Infrangible, -jt-bl, a. Not capable of be- being, or derived from, an organized structure un- ;

ing broken or separated into parts ; not to be vio- organized; pert, or relating to unorganized sub-
lated. — Infrequent, -kwent, a. Seldom happen- stances.— Inor'ganized, -Izd, a. Not having organic
ing or occurring to notice; unfrequent; rare; uncom- structure.
mon. —
Infre'quence, -guency, re. — Inquietude, in-kwi'e-tud, re. Disturbed state
— Iigel'able, in-jeKa-bi, a. Incapable of being con-
— uneasiness of mind or bod3\
gealed. Inglolious, -rT-us, a. Not glorious; not — Insalu'brious, in-sa-lu'brY-us, a. Not salubrious
bringing honor shameful disgraceful.
ously, a :lv —
; Ingloli-
In'grate, -grat, a. Ungrateful; unpleas-
; — not healthful; unwholesome.— Insalu'brity.-brY-tY,
—
;

Unhealthfulness; unwholesomeness. Insane',

iug to the sense. n. —
An ungrateful person. In- — re.

-san', a. Not sane unsound in mind crazy dis-

; ; ;

gratitude, -giafT-tud, re. Want of gratitude in- ; tracted; delirious; frantic; raving; mad; used by, or
sensibility to favors unthankfulness. appropriated to, insane persons. Insanity, -san'Y- —
— Inharmonic, in-har-monlk, -ical, a. Not har-
;

-tY, re. Derangement of mind disorder of the men-

monic unharmonious. Inhannc'nious, -mo'hY- — tal faculties arising from diseaseof thebrain; aliena-
;

us, a.
;

Discordant. Inhos'pitable, -pY-ta-bl, a. — tion; aberration mania. —

Insaliable, -shT-a-bl, a.
—
;

Not hospitable not disnosed to entertain strangers. Incapable of being satisfied or appeased. Insa'-
—
;

Inho3v pitableness, -pitallty, n. Innu'mah, a. — tiate, -shT-at, a. Insatiable.

Insati'ety, -ti'e-tY, re. —
Destitute of the kindness belonging to a human be- Insatiableness. —
Insafurable, -u-ra-bl, a. Not capa-
ing characterized by, or attended with, cruelty
; ; ble of being saturated. —
Inscient, in'shY-er.t or in-

am, fame, far, pass o;- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Odd, tone, or
 INSCRUTABLE 197 INVULNERABLE
sfent, a. Having little or no knowledge ignorant.
— ;
— In'teger, -te-jer,w. A whole number, in contra-
Inscru'table, -skroo'ta-bl, a. Incapable of being
• distinction from a fraction or a mixed number.— In'-
searched into and understood by inquiry or study, tegral, -te-gral, a. Complete; whole; entire; not frac-
or of being discovered or explained by human rea- tional. (Math.) Pert, to, or being a whole num-
son. —
Insec'able, -sek'a-bl, a. Incapable of being ber pert, to, or proceeding by, integration.
; n. — A
divided by a cutting instrument. Insecure', -se- — whole an entire thing ; a whole number. (Math.)
;

kurr a. Not secure not safe; exposed to or appre- An expression which, being differentiated, will pro-
,

hensive of danger or loss. Insecurity, -ku'rY-tY,

;

— duce a given differential. In'tegrant, a. Making —

n. Condition of being insecure danger hazard part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire
want of confidence in one's safety uncertainty.
;

;
;
— ;

thing. —
In'tegrate, -grat, v. t. To make entire ; to
Insen'sate, a. Destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.— restore to give the sum or total. (Math.) To find
Insen'sible, -sT-bl, a. Destitute of the power of per-
;

the integral of . —
Integration, n. Act of making
ceiving; void of feeling; wanting tenderness inca- ; entire. (Math.) Operation of finding the primitive
pable of being perceived by the senses progressing function which has a given function for its differen-
by imperceptible degrees imperceptible dull stu- ;
;

; ; tial coefficient. —
Integ'rity, -teg'rY-tY, n. State of
pid; torpid; unfeeling; indifferent; hard; callous.— being entire or complete wholeness ; moral sound- ;

Insen'sibillty, n.— Insen'tient, -shent, a. Not hav- ness; honesty; uprightness; unimpaired, or genuine
ing perception, or power of perception. —Insepa- state; purity; probity; virtue; rectitude. —Intern '-
rable, -a-ra-bl, a. Not separable incapable of being ; perance, -per-ans, n. Want of moderation or due
separated or disjoined. Insignificant, -T-kant, a. — restraint; excess in any indulgence; habitual indul-
Not significant destitute of meaning having no gence in spirituous liquors; act of becoming, or state
—
; ;

weight or effect; without weight of character un- ; of being, intemperate. Intem'perate, a. Indul-
important; immaterial; trivial; mean; contemptible. ging to excess any appetite or passion, either habitu-
— Insignificance, -icancy, -T-kan-sY, n. Want of ally or in a particular instance excessive; ungov- ;

significance or meaning; want of force or effect; un- ernable inordinate addicted to excessive or ha-
—
; ;

importance want of claim to consideration or no-

; bitual use of spirituous liquors. Inter'minable,
tice. —
Insincere', -sin-ser', a. Not sincere not be- ; -ter'mY-na-bl, a. Without termination; admitting
ing in truth what one appears to be deceitful; hyp- no limit; boundless; immeasurable; infinite; unlim-
ocritical false, said of things; not to be trusted
; —
;

ited; wearisomely protracted. Intestable, a. Not —

or relied upon; dissembling; disingenuous. —Insin- legally qualified or competent to make a testament.
cerity, -ser'T-tf n. Want of sincerity dissimula- , — Intes'tacy, -ta-sY,n. State of one dying without
tion hypocrisy deceitf ulness.
; Insipid, a. Des- ; — ;

having made a valid will. Intes'tate, a. Dying —

titute of taste wanting spirit, life, or animation without having made a valid will not devised or
;

vapid; dull; spiritless lifeless; flat.— Insipidity, ;

;

bequeathed; not disposed of by will. n. A person

;

—
-pid'I-tT, Insipidness, n. Quality of being insipid; who dies without making a valid will. Intolera- —
want of taste
tastelessness want of interest, life, ble, -er-a-bl, a. Not tolerable not capable of being
or spirit. — ;

Insobrf ety, -brfe-tY, n. Want of sobri-

;

endured insufferable. ; Intolerance, -er-ans, n. — ;

ety ; intemperance. Inso'ciable, -sha-bl, a. Not — —

State of being intolerant refusal to allow to others ;

sociable; not given to conversation; taciturn. In'- the enjoyment of their opinions illiberality big- ; ;

solent, -so-lent, a. Proud and haughty, with con- otry. —

Intolerant, a. Not enduring difference of
tempt of others proceeding from insolence over- opinion or sentiment, esp. in relation to religion;
bearing; insulting; abusive saucy ; impudent; au-
; ;

not able or willing to endure. Intract ' able, —

dacious pert; opprobrious.
; In'solence, -so-lens,
;

— -trakt'a-bl, a. Not tractable not easily governed, ;

n. Pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptu- managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disci-

ous and overbearing treatment of others plined, or tamed; stubborn; perverse; refractory;
j

impu-
dence. —
Insol'uble, -sol'u-bl, a. Not soluble; in-
;

unruly; headstrong; unteachable. Intract'able- —

capable of being dissolved, particularly by a liquid; ness, -ability, n.— Intran'sitive, -sY-tiv, a. (Gram.)
not to be solved or explained. InsoiVable, «. — Expressing an action or state limited to the agent,
Not solvable not capable of solution or explica- i. e., an action that does not pass over to, or operate
;

tion incapable of being paid or discharged. In- — upon, an object. Intrepid, a. Fearless bold —
;

solvent, a. (Law.) Not solvent not having suf- ; brave undaunted.

; Intrepidity, -tre-pid'Y-tY, n. — ; ;

ficient estate to pay one's debts; not sufficient to State or quality of being intrepid fearless bravery ; ;

pay all the debts of the owner; respecting persons courage heroism valor.
— — Inutility, in-u-til'Y-tY, n. Uselessness; unprofita-
: ;

unable to pay their debts. n. One not solvent.

Insolvency, -en-st, n. Condition of one unable to bleness.
pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course — Invalid, in-valid, a. Not valid of no force, ;

of trade and business; insufficiency to discharge all weight, or cogency; weak. (Law.) Having no force,
debts of the owner. Insom'nia, -nY-a, n. Want of — effect, or efficacy void null. In'valid, a. In ill —
sleep inability to sleep wakefulness. Insom '- — 1
health feeble infirm. —
n. A person who is weak
; ;

—
;
; ;

—
;

nious, -nT-us, a._ Restless in sleep; sleepless. In- and infirm, sickly or indisposed. v. t. To enroll
souciance, ax-soo'se-oxs', n. Carelessness uncon- on the list of invalids in the military or naval serv-
cern. —
Insta'ble, a. Not stable; prone to change or
;

ice. — Invalidate. -I-dat, To render invalid v. t. ;

recede from a purpose ; mutable ; inconstant. In- — to destroy the strength or validity of, render of no
subor'dinate, -Sr'dY-nat, a. Not submissive ; mu- force or effect. — InvaPida'tion, Act or process n.
tinous. —
Insubor'dina'tion, n. Want of subordi- of rendering invalid. —In validity, n. Want of co-
nation; disobedience to lawful authority. Insuf- — gency; want of legal force or efficacy.— Inva'riable,
ferable, -fer-a-bl, a. Incapable of being suffered ; -rY-a-bl, a. Not given to variation or change im- :

insupportable; unendurable: intolerable; disgusting mutable unalterable always uniform. — Inver'-

beyond endurance. Insufifcient, -fislf ent, a. Not — ;

tebral, -ver'te-bral, a. (Zooj.) Destitute of a ver-

;

sufficient; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose ; tebral column, a_s some animals invertebrate. In- —
wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill incom- ; ver'tebrate, -brat, n. An animal which, etc. In-
;

—
mensurate unequal unfit.— Insu'perable, -per-a- ; ver'tebrate, -brat'ed, a. Destitute of a backbone ;

—
;

bl, a. Not superahle incapable of being passed over, ; invertebral. Invin'cible, -sY-bl, a. Incapable of
overcome, or surmounted; insurmountable; uncon- being conquered or overcome unconquerable in- :

querable invincible. Insupportable, a. Incapa-

; — superable. —
Invfolable, -o-la-bl, a. Not viola ble
;

ble of being supported or borne insufferable in- not capable of being broken or violated not to be
tolerable. —
Insurmounfable, -sSr-mownfa-bl, a.
; ;

profaned: sacred not susceptible of hurt or wound. ;

;

Incapable of being surmounted, or overcome insu- — Invf olate, -lat, -lated, a. Unhurt unprofaned; ;

perable. —
Insuscep'tible, -sus-sep'tY-bl, a. Not
;

unpolluted unbroken. Invisible, -viz'Y-bl, a.

; —
susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or Incapable of being seen; imperceptible by the sight.
impressed. — Invisibility, n. State of being, or that which is,
— Intact', in-takf, a. Untouched, esp. by an}'- invisible. —
Invol'untary, -un-ta-rY, a. Not having
thing that harms, defiles, etc uninjured. In- ; — will or power of choice independent of will or ;

tan^glble, -jY-bl, a. Not tangible that cannot be ; choice; not proceeding from choice; not done will-
touched immaterial not perceptible to the touch.
; ; ingly. —
Invufnerable, -ngr-a-bl, a. Incapable of
sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 INAMORATA 198 INCOME
being wounded or receiving injury ; unassailable ; ginning; commencement; inception. Incho'ativo, —
a bleto resist argument. -tiv, a. Expressing or indicating beginning.
Inamorata, in-am'o-ra'ta, n. f., -rato, -ra'to, n. m. Incident, in'6T-dent, a. Falling upon, as a ray of light
One enamored, or in love: a lover. upon a reflecting surface happening accidentally ; ;

In-and-in. Inasmuch. .See under In, prep. casual; fortuitous; liable to happen; naturallv hap-
Inarch, in-arch', v. t. [-akched (-archf), -arching.] pening or appertaining. {Law.) Dependent 'upon,
To graft by uniting, as a scion, to or appertaining to, another thing, called the ; rin-
a stock, without separating it from cipal.—n. That which usually falls out or takes
its parent tree. place; an event; circumstance; that which happens
Inaugurate, in-aw'gu-rat, v. t. To aside from the main design: an episode or subordi-
induct into office formally to ; nate action. (.Law.) Something depending on or
cause to begin; to set in motion, passing with the principal. Incident's!, a. Hap- —
or rction; to make a public exhi- pening, as an occasional event;' not necessary to
bition of for the first time.— In- the chief purpose occasional accidental casual: ; ; :

au'gural, -gu-ral, a. Pert, to, or fortuitous contingent.— n. An incident.— Inci-

;

performed or pronounced at, an dent'ally, adv. Without intention accidentally-

inauguration. —
v. An inaugural beside the main design. In'- —
:
;

address. —
Inauguration, >?. Act cidence, -dens, n. An acci- N
of inaugurating formal begin-
; dent or casualty. (I'/n/sics.) \
ning of any movement, course of Direction in which a body, or
action, etc. — Inau'guratory, -ra- a ray of light or heat, i all's on
to-rt, a. Suited or pert, to inau
Inarch
any surface. Angle of inci- —
guration. dence. The angle which a ray
Inteing, in-be'ing, n. Inherence; inherent existence. of light, or body, falling oil jr
Inborn, in'born, a. Born in or with; implanted by any surface, makes with a per- , _ , T
nature. pendicular to that surface. P,
all S'^ 9* A H -

Inbreed, in-bred', v. t. [-bked, -breeding.] To pro- Incinerate, in-sin'Sr-at, v. t. To cidence C B Vi"

H, ;

duce or generate within; to breed in-and-in see burn to ashes. angle of reflection.
—
:

under Ix. In'bred, a. Bred within natural. ; Incipierce, Incipient, etc. See under Inception.
Inca, in'ka, «. ; pi. Incas, -kaz. A king or prince of Incise, in-tiz', v. t. [-cised (-sizd"), -cisixg.] To
Peru, before its conquest by the Spaniards. cut in or into with a sharp instrument, carve, en-
Incage, in-kaj', v. t. [-caged (-kajd'), -caging.] To grave. —
Inci sed leaf. (Bot.)
confine in a cage; to inclose. One sharply and deeply cut or
Incalescent, in-ka-les'sent, a. Growing warm in- ; notched.— Ircis'ion, -sizh'un, n.
creasing in heat. —
Incales'cence, -sens, -cency, -sen- Act of cutting into a substance ;
-sT, n. A growing warm incipient or increasing ; separation of the substance of
heat; calefaction. any body m:.de by a cutting in-
Incandescent, in-kan-des'sent, a. White or glowing strument; a cut; gash. In- —
with heat. —
Incandes'cence, -sens, n. A white clusive, -si'siv, a. Having the
heat, or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by quality of cutting, or penetra-
intense heat. ting sharp; ;;cute ; sarcastic;
—
;

Incantation, in-kan-ta'shun. n. Act of enchanting; biting. Inci'sor, -zSr, w. A

enchantment; act of using magical formulas. cutter a fore tooth, which cuts,
;

Incarcerate, in-kar'ser-at, v. t. To imprison, confine, bites, or separates : see Tooth.

shut up, or inclose. — a. Imprisoned; confined.— Incite, in-sit', v. t. To move to Incised Leaf.
Incar'cera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. action, stir up, spur on, stimulate, instigate, rouse,
Incarnate, in-kar'iiat, v. t. To clothe with flesh, em- prompt, animate.— Incite 'ment, n. Act of inciting;
—
body in flesh. a. Invested with flesh: embodied that which incites motive incentive stimulus,;

—
; ;

in a fleshy nature and form. Incarna'tion, n. Act encouragement.

of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body and Inclasp, in-klasp', v. t. [-clasped (-klaspf), -clasp-
the nature of man state of being united with a hu-
; ing.] To clasp within or into to hold fast to, em- ;

man form and nature; an incarnate form; a striking brace, enci:cle.

exemplification in person or act manifestation. ;
— Incline, in-klin', v. i. [-clixed (-kllnd'), -clixixg.]
Incar'native. -tiv, a. Causing new flesh to grow. To deviate from a line, direction, or course toward
— Incar'nadine, -din, a. Flesh-colored; of a carna- an object; to lean; to favor an opinion, a course of
tion color. — v. t. To dye red. conduct, or a person to be disposed. v. t. To ; —
Incase, in-kas', v. t. [-cased (-kasf), -casixg.] To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction
inclose in a case, surround with something solid. — to give a tendency or propension to, as to the will
;

Incase'ment, n. Act or process of, etc.; any inclos- or affections to dispose; to bend to cause to stoop
ing substance. or bow. —
n. An ascent or de-
; ;

Incendiary, in-sen'dT-a-rT, n. One who maliciously scent, as in a road or railway ;

sets fire to a building one who excites or inflames
; a grade. —
Inclined plane.
factions; an agitator. —
a. Pert, to the malicious
— (Mech.) A plane that makes an
burning of a dwelling inflammatory seditious.
; ; oblique angle with the plane
Incense', -sens', r. t. To enkindle or inflame to of the horizon; a sloping plane:
violent anger; to enrage exasperate irritate; heat; : it is one of the mechanical pow- A D. Inclined Plane.
—
;

fire. In'cense, n. Odors of spices and gums ers.— Inclination, n. Act of inclining; leaning; de-
burned in religious .rites a mixture of fragrant viation from a normal direction or position pro-
gums, spices, etc., for producing a perfume.
;

v. t. — pension a disposition more favorable to one thing

;

To perfume with incense. Incen'sive, -siv, a.— ;

than to another bent tendency ; bias preposses-

; ; ;

Tending to excite or provoke inflammatory. : sion ; predilection ; love regard desire. (Geom.) ;

Incentive, in-sen'tiv, a. Inciting encouraging or The angle made by 2 lines or planes, which meet, or
—
:

moving. n. That which incites to determination would meet, produced. if

or action motive stimulus encouragement.
; ; : Inclose, in-kloz', v.
t. [-closed (-klozd'), -closixg.]
Inception, in-sep'shun, n. Beginning commence- To surround, shut in, confine on all sides, encom-
ment. —
Incep'tive, -tiv, a. Beginning expressing
;

; pass to put within a case, envelope, etc. Inclos'- —

or indicating beginning. —
Incip'ient, -sip'T-ent, a.
;

ure, -klo'zher, n. Act of, state of being, or thing

—
Same as Inceptive. Incip'iently, adv. Incip'- — which inclosed space contained; that which in-
is ;

ience, -ency, -T-en-sT, a. Inception. closes a barrier, fence.

;

Inch, inch, n. The 12th part of a lineal_ foot; a small Include, in-klud', v. t. To confine within, contain,
distance or degree. —
Inch'-meal, -mel, n. A piece shut up; to comprehend, as a genus the species, the
an inch long. —
adv. By small degrees; little by whole a part, an argument or reason the inference;
little. to embrace. —
Inclu'sive, -siv, a. Inclosing encir- :

Inchoate, in'ko-at, a. Recently, or just, b°gun; incip- cling comprehending the stated limit or extremes.
ient; also, incomplete. —
Inchoa'tion, n. Act of be-
;

Income, in'kum, n. That gam which proceeds from

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 INCORPORATE 199 INDIGENT
labor, business, or property of any kind: revenue; re- by indenture or contract. (Print.) To begin a line or
ceipts esp. the annual receipts of a private person,
;
lines at a greater or less distance from the margin. —
or a corporation, from rents, business profits, etc.— v. i. To be cut or notched; to crook or turn; to wind
In'coming. -kum-ing, a. Coming in; accruing; com- in and out. —
n. A cut or notch in the margin of any-
ing in as uccup mt or possessor. thing. —
Indentation, ». A notch a cut in the ;

Incorporate, in-k6r'po-rat, a. United in one body: in- margin of paper or otlie.- things a recess or depres-
;

corporated; associated. —
v. t. To combine (different sion in any border. (Print.) Act oi, etc. blank ;

ingredients) into one bodyormassj togive a. material space at the beginning of a line. — Indent'ed, p. a.
form embody;
to, to unite with a substance or mass jagged; notched; bound out by indented wntings.—
alreadv formed or in being; to combine into a struc- ladent'ure, -den'chu;-, n. Act of indenting, or state
ture or organization; to form into a legal body, or of bf ing indented. (Law.) A mutual agreement in
bodv politic; to constitute into a corporation: v. i. — writing between parties, whereof each party had
To unite so as to make a part of another body; to be formerly a part. —
v. t. [indentured (,-chu.d),
mixed or blended. —
Incorporation, n. Act of in- -tckinu.] To bind by indentures.
corporating, or state of being nicjrporated union ; Inde^, in'deks, n. ; E. pi. -dexes, -deks-ez L. pi. ,•

of different ingredients in one mass combination ; -dices, -dl-sez. That which points out, indicates, or
into a structure or organization. {Law.) The for- maniiests esp., a pointer or hand that directs to
:

mation of a legal or political body by the union of anything, as the hour of the day, road to a place,
individuals; bodv incorporated; a "corporation. etc.; table for facilitating reference to topics, names,
Increase, in-kres', v. i. [-creased (-krest'), -CEEas- etc., in a book. (Anat.) The lore finger, or point-
ixg.] To become greater in bulk, quantity, num- ing finger. (Arith. & Alg.) The figuve or letter
ber, value, intensity, authority, etc. ; to grow, aug- which shows the power or root of a "quantity; the
ment, advance to" multiply by the production of
; exponent. [In this sense, the plural is always in-
young.— v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, dices.]— v. t. [indexed (-dekst), -dexing.] To pro-
quantity, or amountT to add to; to improve in qual- vide with or form an index or table of reierences.
ity; to aggravate. —
Increase, in-kres' or in'kres, n. Indian, ind'yan or in'dl-an, a. Of, or pert, to, either
A growing larger; that which results from growth ; of the Indies, East or West, or the aborigines of
—
produce; profit interest; progeny; issue: offspring;
; America: made of maize or Indian corn. n. A
augmentation extension; growth addition; acces-
: ; native or inhabitant of the Indies :

sion.— Increment, in'kre-ment, n. Art or process of one of the aboriginal inhabitants

increasing augmentation matter added produce.
; ; : of America, —so called from their
(Math.) "The increase of a variable quantity or fancied resemblance to the peo-
fraction from its present value to its next ascend- ple of India. — Indian com.
ing value, (lihet.) An amplification without strict Maize, a plant of the genus Zea,
dim ix. _ - native of Amer. —
/. file. Single
Incremate, in^kre-mat, v. t. To consume (a dead file; arrangement of persons in a
body) by burning; to cremate. row following one after another, I 'j

Incrust, m-krusf, v. t. To cover with a crust or the usual way among Indians of >/
hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of. In- — traversing woods, etc. —
/. sum-
crustation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a crust mer. A period of warm and pleas- 1

or co it ot anything on the surface of a body. ant weather occurring late in au-

Incubate, in'ku-bat, v. i. To sit, as on eggs for hatch- tumn. —India paper. A delicate
ing.— Iacuba'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Path.) Germi- absorbent paper, manufactured in
nation of a contagious poison. I. or a disease. —
Pe-
|

China or India, from the inner

riod between the recaption of a morbific poison and bark of the bamboo or cotton tree.
the manifestation of the disease. In'cubus, ». : E. — — /. ink. A substance brought Indian Corn.
pi. -buses, -bus-ez, L. pi. -bi, -bi. (Me I.) The night- j
chiefly from China, used for water
mare. Anything that weighs heavily upon one, or colors, consisting of lamp-black and animal glue ;

prevents the free use of the faculties. sepia.— /, ru'.ber. See Caoutchouc Indiaman. —
Inculcate, in-kuKkat, t\ r. To impress by frequent ind'ya- oj-in^dT-a-man, /(. (JTaut.) A large ship em-
admonitions, teach by frequent repetitions; to urge ployed in the India trade.
on the mind. —
Inculca'tion, a. Act of, etc. Indican. See under Indigo.
Inculpate, in-kul'pat, v. t. To expose to blame: to Indicate, in'dT-kat, v. t. To point out, make known,
censure: to accuse of crime, impute guilt to; tocrim- show. (Med.) To manifest by symptoms: to point
in ate.— Incul'patory, -pa-to-ri, a. Imputing- blame. to as the proper remedies.
—
Indica'tion, n. Act
*

(Liw) Tending to establish guilt; criminatory. of. or that which, etc.: mark: token: sign: symptom.
Incumbent, in-kum'berit, a. Lying or resting upon ; 1
— Indic'ative. -a-tiv, a. Pointing out; bringing to
supported; buoyed up; lying or resting, as duty or notice giving intimation or knowledge of some-
obligation indispensable"
; n. —
One in'present pos-
;

thing not visible or obvious. —

Indicative mole.
session of a benefice, or office. Iacum'bency, -ben-— (Gram.) That mode of the verb which indicates,
slf, n. State of being, or that which is, incumbent; a that is, which affirms or denies: it is also used in
weight rule duty obligation. (Eccl.) State of
; ; ; asking questions. Indicative is also sometimes used
holding a benefice, or office. substantively to denote this mode. —
Itidic'atively,
Incur, in-ker', v. t. [-cluked {-kerd'), -oukRWG adr. — In'dica'tor, -ter, n. One who, or
(-kei-'ing).] To meet or fall in with, as something that which, etc.: esp. an instrument by
from which inconvenience or harm is to be appre- which the working steam records its
hended; to expose one's self to; to become liable or pressure in the cylinder of a steam en-
subject to to contract.
; —
Incur'sion, -shun, n. An gine an instrument for recording or
;

entering into a territory with hostile intention; in- announcing telegraphic messages.
vasion ; inroad; raid; foray. —
Incur'sive, -siv, a. Indict, in-clif, r. t. (Law.) To charge
Making an attack or incursion; hostile. with a cime, in clue form of law, by
Incurvate, in-kerv'at, v. t. To bend, crook. a. — the finding or presentment of a grand
Curved inward or upward. —
Incurva'tinn, ». Act jury. —Indicfer, n. —
Indicfment,
of bending, or of being curved; state of being bent; n. Act of indicting, or state of being^
act of bowing.— Incurve', v. t. [-curved (-ken-d'). indicted; written accusation, or formal
-curving.] To bend, mike crooked. Iacurv'ity, — charge of a crime, preferred to a court
-T-tr, n. State of being, etc.; curvature. by a grand jury under oath; hence, an
Indsbt, in-def. r. t. To bring into debt, place under acciRitiob jn general.
obli.ution.— Indebfed, a. Being in debt; under ob- Indifferent. Indignant, etc. See under indicator
ligation j obliged bv something received, for which Inability.
restitution or gratitude is due."— Indebfed less, ». Indigenous, in-dij'c-nv.s, a. Native; born or origina-
Indeed, in-defK. a lv. In reality; in truth; i 1 i«JCt, ting in (a place or country); produced naturally in
usel interjectionally, as an expression ol s i-p-ise. a count \v or climate; not" exotic.
Indent, in-denf, v. t.~ T cut into points or ineqml-
1 Indigent, in'd'-jent, a. Destitute of property or
ities, like a row of teeth; to notch, jag: to hind out me ins of coni^o"-tablo subsistence; needy: poor.
sfln, cube, full ; moon, fc5ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 INDIGO 200 INFLORESCENCE
In'digence, -gency, -jen-sl, n. Poverty; need; pau- Infect, in-fekt', v. t. To taint with disease; to affect
perism. with morbid or noxious matter to communicate ;

Indigo, in'di-go, n. A blue coloring matter obtained

|

bad Qualities to, corrupt, poison, vitiate, pollute, de-

iiu.ii a leguminous plant oi several species. See file.'{Law.) To contaminate with illegality, or ex-
LlGHT.
{

pose to penalty. —
Infection, 11. Act or process of
Indite, in-dif, v. t. To direct or dictate what is to be infecting; that which infects; result of infecting in-
uttered o:- written to compose, write, be author of.
; fluence; a prevailing disease; that which taints, poi-
— I^dite'dent, it. Act of inditing. sons, or corrupts, by communication from one to
Indoctrinate, in-doklri-nat, c. t. To instruct in the another contamination by illegality, as in cases of
ruuiaieiits or principles of learning, or of a branch
j
;

contraband goods. —
Infec'tious, -s'hus, a. Having
of learning: to instruct in or imbue with a doctrine. ,;
qualities that may infect pestilential; corrupting, ;

Indoor, iii'dd \ a. Being within doors. or tending to contaminate; vitiating. (Law.) Con-
Indorse. ia-dSrs', v. t. [-doksed (-dorst'), -doesixg.] ,
taminating with illegality. Capable of being easily
To wiite upon the bock or outside of. (Law.) To diffused or spread.
write one's name upon the back of (a paper), to Infer, in-fer', v. t. [-peered (-ferd'), -feeeixg (-fer'-
transfer it, or to secure the payment of (a note, riug).] To derive either by deduction or induction:
drait, etc.); to give one's name or support to; to to draw < r derive, as a fact or consequence.— Inferr-
sanction. — Indorsement, a. Act of writing on!
j

able, -fertible, -fer-I-bl, n. CapaDle of being in-

the back of a note, bill, etc.; a writing, usually upon terred or deduced from premises. Inlerence, -f er- —
the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable ens, n. Act of inferring thing inferred a truth
j

; ;

instrument, by which the property therein is as- or proposition drawn from anotlier which is admit-
signed and transferred; sanction or support given. ]
ted or supposed to be true conclusion deduction; ; ;

Indrawn, iu'drawn, a. Drawn in. cousequence.— Inferential, -shal, a. Deduced or

Induce, in-dus', v. t. [-diced (-dust'), -ducixg.] To deducible by iniereuce.
lead in, introduce; to prevail on, move or effect by j
Inferior, in-te'rl-er, a. Lower in place, social rank.
persuasion or influence, incite, cause. (Physics.) To Oi excellence; subordinate. (Astro/i.) Between the
cause by proximity without contact or transmission. earth and the sun; below the horizon. (Bot.) Grow-
— Induce'ment, ?;. That which induces a motive ; ing below some other organ. n. person who is — A
or consideration that persuades to action reason ; ; vounger, or lower in rank, station, intellect, etc.,
incitement influence. (Law.) Matter stated by than another.— Inferiority, -rl-Sr'i-ti, n. State of
;

way of explanatory preamble or introduction. — being inferior a lower state or condition.

; Infer'- —
Induct'', v. t. To bring in, introduce to intro- nal, -ier'-nal, a. Pert, to the lower regions, or re-
— Induction.
;

duce (to a benefice or office). ;;. Act gions of the dead pert, to, like, appropriate to, or
of, etc. (Philos.) Act or process of reasoning from inhabiting hell hellish diabolical.
;
;

n. An inhab- ;
—
a part to a whole, or from particulars to generals. itant of hell.
Formal introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, Infest, in-lesf, v. t. To trouble greatly, harass; to so
or of a person into office. (Physics.) The property occupy or frequent as to make unsafe or unpleas-
by which one body, having electrical, galvanic, c'r ant; to haunt.
magnetic polarity, causes it in another body without Infllter. in-filler, v. t. or i. To filter or sift in. In- —
direct contact. (Math.) A process of demonstration filtrate, -trat, v. i. To enter by penetrating the
in which a general truth is gathered from an ex- pores or interstices of a substance. Infiltration, —
amination of particular cases. —
Inductional, In- n. Act or process of infiltrating substance which ;

ductive, -iv, a. Leading or drawing: tempting ; has entered the pores or cavities of a body. (Med.)
proceeding or derived by induction. (Elec.) Opera- Effusion of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part.
ting bv, or facilitating induction. Infinite. Infirm, etc. See under Inability.
Indue, i'n-du', v. t. [-dued (-dud'), -duixg.] To put Infix, in-fiks', v. t. [-fixed (-fiksf), -fixixg.] To fix
on, as clothes, draw on; to ciotne, invest, endow, by piercing or thrusting in to implant or fix, as :

furnish, supply. principles, thoughts, instructions.

Indulge, in-dulj', v. t. [-dulged (-duljdO, -dulgixg.] Inflame, in-flam'. v. t. [-flamed (-flamd'), -flam-
To be complacent towards; to give "way to, yield to ing.] To set on fire, kindle to excite to excessive ;

the desire of to withhold restraint from to grant

; ; and unnatural action; to produce morbid heat, red-
as by favor, gratify, cherish, foster. v. i. To give— ness, or swelling to excite or increase (passion or
;

one's self up"; to practice a forbidden, or question- appetite) to provoke to anger or rage ; to irritate,
able, act without restraint. —
Indulgence, -gency,
;

exasperate, anger. v. i. —
To grow hot, angry, and
-jen-sT, n. Quality of being indulgent; forbearance painful. —
Infiam'mable, -flamlna-bl, a. Capable
of restraint or control favor granted liberality
: ; ; of being set on fire easily enkindled. : Inflamlna- —
gratification. (Rom. Cath. Church.) Remission "of bleness. -inability, n. —
inflammation, a. Act of,
temporal punishment for sins, supposed to save the state of being, etc. (Med. & Surg.) redness and A
sinner from purgatory. —
Indul'gent. a. Prone to swelling of any part of an animal body, attended
indulge or humor not opposing or restraining.
; with heat, pain', and febrile symptoms. 'Violent ex-
Indurate, in'du-rat, v. i. To grow hard, harden: be- citement heat passion. Inflam'matory, -to-rY, a. —
—
come hard. v. t. To make hard, deprive of sen-
;

Tending to inflame.
;

sibility, render obdurate. —

a. Hardened; not soft; Inflate, in-flat', v. t. To swell or distend with air or
without sensibility unfeeling obdurate.
; Indu-
; — gas; to blow into: to puff up, elate; to cause to be-
ration, n. Act of hardening or process of growing come unduly expanded or increased. Inflate', —
hard; state of being indurated: obduracy: stiffness; -flat'ed. a. Filled with air distended; bombastic. ;

want of pliancy. — Inflation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.

Industry, in'dus-trY, n. Habitual diligence: assidu- Inflect, in-flekf, v. t. To bend, turn from a direct
ousness: laboriousness: a productive occupation. line or course. (Gram.) To vary (a noun or verb)
Industrial, -trl-al, a. Consisting in industry: pert, in its terminations, decline, conjugate. To modulate
to industry, or the arts of industry. Industrious,— (the voice).—Inflection, -flexlonr-fiek'shun, n. Act
-trl-us, a." Given to, or characterized by, etc.; dili- of, or state of being, etc. a bend fold a slide or ; ; ;

sent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end. modulation of the voice in speaking. (Gram.) The
Inebriate, in-e'brl-at, v. t. To make drunk, intoxi- variation of nouns, etc., by declension, and verbs bv
cate: to stupefy, or to make furious or frantic; to conjugation. (Mus.) Any modification in the pitch
exhilarate. —
r.'i. To be or become intoxicated.— or tone of the voice. (Opt.) The deviation which
n. One who is drunk: esp. an habitual drunkard; light undergoes in passing the edges of an opaque
a sot: toper.— Ine'briation, Inebri'ety, -bri'e-ti, ?i. —
body; diffraction. Inflectional, a. Pert, to inflec-
Condition of beins, etc. tion. — Inflective, -iv, a. Capable of inflection.
r
Ineffable, Inept, et£ See under Inability. Inflict, in-flikt' , r. t. To lav, send, impose, apply; to
Infatuate, in-fat'u-at, v. t. To make foolish; to weak- cause to bear, feel, or suffer. —Infliction, n. Act
en the intellectual powers of; to inspire with an ex- of inflicting thing inflicted or imposed.
; Inflict'- —
travagant or foolish passion; to besot, stupefy, mis- ive. -iv. a. "Tending or able to inflict.
lead. —Infat'ua'tion, ». Act of infatuating state ; Inflorescence. in-flo-reVsens, n. A flowering; the un-
of beins infatuated: fcllv. folding of blossoms. (Bot.) Mode of flowering, or

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r ;
 INFLUENCE 201 INITIAL
general arrangement and disposition of the flowers ; two-ply carpet. Ingrain, in'gran or in-gran', v. t.
" -graining.] To dye in the
i

an axis on which all the buds are flower-buds. [-grained (-grand''),

A
|

Influence, in'flu-ens, n. flowing in orupon; influx; |

grain or before manufacture; to work into ths nat
agencv or power which affects, modifies, or sways; ; ural texture, as color.
controlling power quietly or efficaciously exerted ; Ingrate. Ingratitude, etc. See under Inability.
authority arising from station, character, intellect, Ingratiate, in-gra'shl-at, v. t. To introduce or com-
wealth, etc. v. t. —
[influenced (-enst), -encing.] mend to another's favor; to worm into one's conn
To control bv hidden, but efficacious, power to ; deuce.
persuade, lead, direct; to modify, affect, bias, sway. Ingredient, in-gre'df-ent, n. That which is a com-
— Influential, -shal, a. Exerting influence or power, i ponent part of any compound or mixture; an ele-
—
by invisible operation, as physical causes on bodies \
ment. In' gress, "n. Entrance; power, liberty, or
or as moral causes on the mind. Influen'tially, — means of entrance or access. Ingres'sion, -gresh'- —
adv. — In'flux, n. Act of flowing in infusion in- ; ; un, 11. Act of entering; entrance.
tromission; introduction importation in abundance. ; Inguinal, in'gwi-nal, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the groin.
— Influenza, -za, n. {Med.) A violent form of epi- Ingulf, in-gulf ', v. t. [-gulfed (-gullf), -gulfing.]
demic catarrh. To swallow up in or as in a vast deep, gulf, or whirl-
Infold, in-foldl v. i. To wrap up or inwrap ; to in- |
pool; to cast into a gulf, overwhelm.
close; to embrace. Inhabit, in-hablt, v. t. To live or dwell in.— v. i.
Inform, in-iSrm'', v. t. [-formed (-formd'), -form- To have residence, dwell, live, abide. Inhabit- — —
ing.] Togive form, shape, or vital or organizing able, a. Capable of being inhabited habitable. ;

power to; to animate; to make known to, advise, Inhab'itance. -ancy, -an-sT, n. Condition of an in-
instruct, tell; to communicate a knowledge of facts habitant legal residence ; esp., the right to sup-
;

to, by way of accusation. v.i. To give information. port in case of poverty, acquired by residence m
— Inform*' ant, n. One who informs or gives intel- a town.— Inhabitant, n. One who resides per-
ligence. —
Information, n. Act of informing, or manently in a place. (Law.) One who has a legal
communicating knowledge news or advice com- ; settlement in a town, city, or paiish a resident. ;
—
municated by word or writing; intelligence; knowl- InhaVita'tion, n. Act of inhabiting, or state of be-
edge derived from reading, observation, or instruc- ing inhabited; abode; place oi dwelling. Inhab'- —
tion. {Lav:.) A prosecution for some offense against itativeness, -a-tiv-nes, n. (PhrenoL) An organ sup-
the government. —
Inform'er, n. One who informs posed to indicate the desire of permanent residence
or gives intelligence. (Law.) One who informs in an abode. See Phrenology.
against another for the violation of some law. One Inhale, in-hal', v. t. [-haled (-hald'), -haling.] To -

who makes a business of informing against others, —

draw into the lungs; to inspire. InhaKer, n. One
— esp. who, for selfish ends, volunteers accusations, who inhales: an apparatus for inhaling any vapor or
to have others punished. volatile substance, for medicinal purposes; a con-
Infraction, in-frak'shun, n. Breach; violation non- ; trivance to filter or warm the air for deiicate lungs
observance. —
Infringe', v. t. [-fringed (-frinidOi or in a deleterious atmosphere a respirator appa-
; ;

-fringing.] To break, as contracts to violate, ;

;

ratus to carry air for a diver, etc. —

Inhalation, n.
—
,

transgress, neglect to fulfill or obey. v. i. To vio- Act of inhaling.

late some rule to encroach, trespass.
;
Infringe'- — \

Inhere, in-her', v. i. [-:;zeed (-herd"), -hering.] To

ment n Act of violating: breach; non-fulfillment. i
be fixed or permanently incorporated.— Inherent, a.
Infuriate, m-fulY-at, «. Enraged mad raging ; ; ; Existing in something, so as to be inseparable from
furiously angry. v. t. —
To render furious or mad ; it; naturauy pertaining to; innate: inborn; native;
I

inviought. —
Inherently, adv. —
Inherence, -en-
Infuse, iif-faz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To ;.y, -en-sT. ?«. State of inhering: existence in some-
pour in, as a liquid to instill, as principles or qna> thing.— Inhe'sion, -zhun, n. Inherence.
M
;

ities; to inspirit or animate; to steep in wate-

suit- Inherit, in-herlt, v. t. (Law.) To take by descent
able temperature, for the purpose of extracting me- from an ancestor: to succeed, as an heir, to the estate
dicinal or other qualities.— Infu'sioP -zhun,,n. Act or rights of a deceased person. To receive or take by
of infusing, pouring in, or instilling instillation ; ; birth, have by nature: to become possessed of, own.
thing infused; siwwe^'in. y^/iurinaci/.) Act or pro- v.i. To have as an inheritance, possession, or prop-
cess of steeping (a plant, etc.) in water, to extract its erty.— Inheritable, a. Capable of being inherited,
virtues; liquid obtained by this process.— Infu'sive, or of being transmitted from parent to child, or of
Having the
-siv, a. taking by inheritance, or receiving by descent. —
—
i

power of infusion. Inherltably, adv. By inheritance. inheritance,

— Infuso'ria, -rY-a, -ans, n. (Law.) An estate which a man has by de-
n. pi. (Zobl.) -Mi- scent as heir to another, or which he may transmit
nute or microscopic to another as his heir; that inherited; a permanent
animals foun d in or valuable possession or blessing a possession re- ;

water and other ceived by gift, or without purchase ownership. ;

fluids; animalcules. Inhesion. * See under Inhere.

— r
Infuso'rial, -fu - Inhibit, in-hiblt. v. t. To check, repress, restrain,
—
sory, -so-rf, a. Pert, Infusoria (as seen through a hinder; to forbid, prohibit. Inhibition, -bish'uu,
to, composed of, or n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; restraint; prohibi-
containing, etc.
microscope).
tion : embargo. —
Inhibitory, -l-to-rf a. Tend- ,

Ingenious, in-jen'yus, a. Possessed of genius, or the ing or serving to inhibit: prohibitory.

faculty of invention skillful or prompt to invent
; ; Inhospitable, Inhuman, etc. See under Inability.
proceeding from. pert, to, or characterized by inge- Inhumate, in-hu'mat, v. t. To inhume.— Inhuma'-
nuity witty well formed; well adapted.— Ingen'-
; ; tion. n. Act of. etc.: interment. —
Inhume', -hum'',
iousness. Ingenuity, -je-nu'T-U, n. Quality or v.t. [-humed (-liumd'), -huming.] To bury, inter.
power of ready invention quickness or acuteness : Initial, in-ish'al, a. Of, or pert, to, the beginning ;

in forming new combinations curiousness in de- ; incipient; placed at the beginning or head (of a list
sign.— Ingen'uous, -jenli-us, a. Of honorable ex- or series).— ;;. The first letter of a word.— Ini'tiate,
traction noble generous
; free from reserve, dis-
; ; -ish'f-at, v. t. To introduce by a first act, begin: to
guise, equivocation, or dissimulation open frank; ; : instruct in the rudiments or principles; to introduce
artless sincere. into a societj- or organization, or secret ceremonies.
Ingle, in'gl, n.
;

A
fire, or fireplace. — a. Begun; commenced; incomplete, as a right,
Ingot, in'got, 7i. A
mass or wedge of gold or other etc.; introduced to a knowledge of Ini'tia'tion, .
—
metal, cast in a mold a mass of nnwrought metal. ; -ish/t-a'shun, n. Act or process of initiating; cere-
Ingraft, in-graff, r. t. To insert, as a scion of one mony bv which one is introduced into any society;
tree or plant into another for propagation; to intro- introduction into the principles of anything myste-
duce to subject to the process of grafting; to set or
;
I

rious. —
Ini'tiative, -tiv, a. Serving to initiate; ini-
tiatory!.— n. An introductory step or movement;
j

fix deenly anil firmly.

Ingrain, iri-gran'', a. Dyed in the grain thoroughly right to introduce a new measure or law, as in legis-
inwrought, as color. Ingrain carpet. —
double or
;

A ;

lation. —
Initiatory, -to-rl, a. Suitable for an in-

sfin, cube, full; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 INJECT 202 INSIGHT
traduction or beginning; introductory; tending or In 'quest, -kwest, n. Act of inquiring; inquiry; quest.
serving to initiate. (Law.) judicial inquiry; official examination; a
— —
I

Inject, in-jekt', v. t. To throw in, dart in. Injec'- jury. "esp. a coroner's jury. Inquisi'tion, -zish'un,
tion, -jek'shun, n. Act of injecting or throwing in, n. Act of inquiring examination investigation.
— applied esp. to the iorcible throwing in oi a liq-
;

(Law.) Judicial inquiry; inquest; the finding of a

;

uid, or aeriform body, by a syringe, pump, etc.;

|

jury. {Rom. Cath. Church.) tribunal for the ex- A

thing injected, esp., a liquid medicine injected into I animation and punishment of heretics. Inquis'- —
a cavity' of the body. (Anat.) Act of filling the ves- itor, -kwiz'I-ter, n. One who inquires esp., one ;

sels of an animal body with some colored substance, whose official duty it is to inquire and examine.
to render visible their figures and ramifications. A (Rom. Cath. Church.) A member of the Court of
preserved part of an animal body, thus injected. Inquisition. —
Inquis'ito'rial, -to'rf-al, a. Pert, to
{Steam Eng.) Act of throwing cold water'into a inquisition, or to the Court of Inquisition, or resem-
condenser; cold water thrown into a condenser to bling its practices. —
Inquis'itive, -T-tiv, a. Apt to
produce a vacuum. —
Inject' or, n. A person or ask questions; given to research; prying; curious.
thing that injects. Inroad, in'rod, n. A
sudden or desultory incursion
Injoin, iii-join', v.
t. See Enjoin. —
Injunction, in- or invasion; irruption; encroachment.
nunk'shun, Act of enjoining or commanding;
n. Insane, Insatiable, etc. See under Inability.
thing enjoined; an order; command; precept. (Law.) Inscribe, in-sknb', v. t. [-scribed (-skubd'), -scrib-
A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, re- ing.] To write or engrave, imprint; to mark with
quiring a party to do or to refrain from doing cer- letters, characters, or words to commend by a ;

tain acts. short address, less formal than a dedication; to im-

Injudicious, Injure, etc. See under Inability. print deeply, impress. (Geom.) To draw within, as
Ink, ink, n. A colored
fluid, viscous material, or pig- one figure within another. Inscrip'tion, -skrip'- —
ment used in writing, printing, etc. v. t. [inked shun, n. Act of inscribing; tiling inscribed; esp.,
(inkt), inking.] To blacken, color, or daub with anything engraved on a solid substance for preser-
ink.— Ink'y,-i, a. Consisting of, like, or soiled with, vation or public inspection; an address or consign-
ink; black.— Ink'horn. n. An inkstand, formerly — ment of a book to a person, as a mark of respect.
—
made of horn. Ink'stand, n. A
vessel for holding Insect, in'sekt, n. (Zobl.) An articulate animal whose
writing ink. bod\r is divided by cross lines or incisions into a
Inkling, ink'ling, n. Inclination; desire a hint or ; number of segments or rings, and in the winged or
whisper; intimation. adult state is divid-
Inlace, in-las', v. t. [-laced (-last'), -lacing.] To ed into 3 distinct
-.,jvork in, as lace; to lace. parts, the head,
InlkSd. inland, a. Within the land; remote from the thorax, and abdo-
sea ; Ulterior ; carried on within a country ; do- raen, has G legs,
mestic; "drawn and payable in the same country. never more than
n. The inteVJor part of a country. 4 wings, and that
Inlay, in-la', v. L .[-laid (-lad'), -laying.] To in- breathes air in
sert (pieces of pearl, 'Yory, etc.) in a groundwork of tubes opening ex-
some other material, to lSU'.n an ornamental suriace. ternally by spira-
— In 'lay, n. Pieces of wood,-- ivory, etc., inlaid, or cles. Anything
prepared for inlaying. —
Inlay '6A «• small or contempt-
Inlet, inlet, n. A
passage by which an 11'rC-lqsed place ible.— Insec'tivore,
may be entered; a bay or recess in che shirre of the -tl-vbr, n. ; p I
sea, etc., or between isles, a narrow strip of ;v^ er f
-voiiES, - v o r z .

running into the land; a creek. (Zobl.) One of an

Inly, Inmost, Inner, liming, etc. See under In. ord.'"of small plan-
Inmate, in'mat, u. One who lives in the same apart- tigrade mammals
ment or house with another. that feed oon in-
Inn, in, n. A house for the lodging and entertainment sects. Insectiv- —
of travelers; tavern; public house; hotel; in Eng., orous, -tiv'er-us,
a college or society of students at law and barris- a. Feeding cr sub-
ters, also one of the buildings containing law cham- sisting on insects ;
bers.—?;. t~.To put under cover, shelter to afford ; pert, to the Insecti-
lodging and entertainment to; to lodge. vores.
Innate, in'nat or in-nac', a. Inborn; native; natural; Insecure, Insensible, Insect.
originating in, or derived from, the constitution of etc. See under In- o, antennae; 6, eyes; c, head; d, s
the intellect, as opp. to being _acquired from experi- ability. terior legs or arms; e, pvochorax;
ence. — Innately, in'- or in-nat'li, adv. Naturally. Insert, in-sert', v. t. mesotborax; g, metatlioras; /*, m:
die or central legs or arms; i, cc
Innocent, Innocuous, etc. See under Inability. To set or place in tral wings; o, anterior or first wing?
Innovate, in'no-vat, v.t. To change by introducing among, introduce.
something new to introduce as a novelty.
; v. i. Insert'ing, n. — A
To introduce novelties.— Innova'tion, n. Act of, or setting in some- ;

a change effected by, innovating; a change in cus- thing inserted or set in, as lace, etc., into garments.—
toms, etc. — In'nova'tor, n. Inser'tion, -shun, n. Act of inserting, or setting or
Innuendo, in-nu-en'do, n. ; pi. -does, -doz. An ob- placing in or among other things; condition of being
lique hint; remote intimation or allusion. (Law.) inserted mode, place, etc., or inserting; thing set
;

A parenthetic explanatory averment employed in in, as lace, cambric, in narrow strips, etc.
proceedings for libel or slander, to point the applica- Inset, in'set, n. That which is set in; an insertion.
tion to persons or subjects, of the alleged defamato- Inshrine. Same as Enshrine.
ry matter. Inside, in'sid, prep, or adv. Within the sides of; in
Inoculate, in-ok'u-lat, v. t. To bud to insert (the ; the interior; contained within. a. Being within; —
bud of a plant in another plant) for propagation. contained; interior; internal. n. The pa-t within; —
(MeJ.) To communicate, as a disease to a person, interior portion one who, or that which, is within,
by inserting infectious matter in his skin or flesh. — ;

or inclosed; hence, an inside passenger of a coach or

v. i. To graft by inserting buds; to communicate carnage, pi. The inward parts, entrails, bowels.
disease by inserting infectious matter. —laoo'ula'- Insidious, in-sid'T-us, a. Lying in wait; watching an
tion, n. Act or art of inoculating.— laoc'ula'tor, n. opportunity to insnare or entrap: intending or in-
Inquire, in-kwl •', v. i. [-quired (-kwirri'), -quiring.] tended to entrap crafty wily sly designing ; : ; :
;

To ask a question; to make examination or investi- treacherous deceptive. (Med.) Existing without
;

gation. — v. t. To ask about; to make inquiry re- marked symptoms; likely to elude notice; more dan-
specting. — laquir'y, -kwir'T, n. Act of inquiring; gerous than it appears.
search for trutn, imormation, or knowledge; exam- Insight, in'sit, n. Siaiit or view of the interior of
ination into iacts or principles; a question; query; anything; introspection: thorough knowledge: pow-
interrogatory; scrutiny: investigation; research.— er of acute observation and deduction discernment. :

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; odd, toue, oj
 INSIGNIA 203 INTACT
Insignia, in-sig'nT-a, n. pi. Badges of office or honor; I
animated; excited. —
In'stinct, n. Unconscious or
marks by which anything is distinguished. unreasoning prompting to action; esp. the natural,
Insinuate," in-sin'u-at, v. t. To introduce gently, or I unreasoning impulse in an animal, by which it is
as by a winding or narrow passage; to wind iii; to guided to the performance of any action, without
introduce artfully, instill to hint, suggest by re-
; thought of improvement in the method.— Instincf-
mote allusion ; to push or work one's self (into favor). ive, -iv, a. Prompted by instinct acting without
:

— v. i. To creep, wind, or flow, in ; to ingratiate reasoning, instruction, o"r experience. Instincf-—

—
j

one's self. Insin/ ua''tion, n. Act of insinuating; a '

ively, adv. By force of instinct.

creeping or winding in; act of gaining favor by gen- Institute, in'sti-tut, v. t. To set up, establish, appoint,
tle or artful means art or power of pleasing and
; ordain; to originate, found; to begin, commence, set
stealing on the affections; a hint; suggestion by dis- in operation. (JEccl. Law.) To invest with the spir-
tant allusion; innuendo.
|

itual part of a benence, or the care of souls. n. —

Insist, in-sisf, v. i. To dwell upon as a matter of Thing instituted; established law; settled order
special moment; to be persistent or pressing. In- — |

I that which is established as authoritative; precept;

;

sistence, -ens, n. Quality of being urgent. ! maxim; principle; an institution: a literary, scien-
Insnare, in-snar', v.t. [-snared (-snardO, -snaring.] tific, or philosophical society, pi. A
book of elements
To catch in a snare, entrap; to seduce by artifice. or principles; esp. a work containing the principles
Insolent, Insoluble, etc. See under Inability. of jurisprudence; theory of medicine, esp. physiol-
Insomuch. See under In. ogy and therapeutics, applied to the practice of
Inspect, in-spekf, v. t. To view closely and critically, medicine. — Institution, n. Act of instituting, as,
esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, dis- establishment, foundation, enactment; or, instruc-
cover errors, etc.; to view and examine officially, as tion, education or (Eccl. Laio), act or ceremony of
troops, arms, goods offered for sale, etc. Inspec- — ;

investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a

tion, -spek'shun, n. Act of inspecting; careful sur- benefice; that which is instituted or established; es-
vey; official examination; act of overseeing; super- tablished order, or method, or custom; enactment;
intendence. ordinance; an established or organized society, en-
Inspire, in-spir', v. i. [-spired (-splrd'), -spiking.] dowed school, etc.; a foundation; a text-book; a sys-
To draw in breath, inhale air into the lungs; to tem of elements or rules.
breathe, blow gently, —
v. t. To breathe into, fill Instruct, in-strukf, v. t. To furnish with requisite
with the breath; to infuse by breathing, infuse into outfit or preparation; to make ready; esp., to impart
the mind; to convey, as by a superior or supernat- information to, enlighten, teach, educate, inform; to
ural influence; to affect, as with a supernatural in- furnish with directions, command, enjoin. In- —
fluence; to inhale. —Inspiration, n. Act of inspir- structor, -or, -er, n. —
Instruct'ible, a. Capable of
ing, breathing in, infusing, etc.; inhalation: extraor- being instructed. —Instruction, ??. Act of instruct-
dinary elevation of the imagination or other pow- ing, or teaching: that wnich instructs, as, precept,
ers of the soul; result of such extraordinary eleva- imormation, teachings; direction, order, command.
tion in the thoughts, emotions, or purposes inspired; — Instructive, -iv, a. Conveying knowledge; serv-
esp., a supernatural divine influence on the sacred ing to instruct. — Instrument, -stroo-ment, n. That
writers, by which thev were qualiiied to communi- by means of which anything is effected, a tool,
cate truth with authority. —
Iaspir'it, -spir'it, v. t. utensil, implement; a contrivance, by which musical
To infuse or excite spirit in, give new life to, enliv- sounds are produced. (Law.) A writing, expressive
en, animate, cheer, encourage. of some act, contract, process, or proceeding. One
Inspissate, in-spis'sat. v. t. To thicken (fluids) by who, or that which, serves a purpose.— Instrument-
evaporation. a. Thick; inspissated. al, a. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means;
Instability, etc. See under Inability. conducive; helpful; pert, to, made by, or prepared
Install, in-stawK, v. t. [-stalled (-stawld'), -stall- for, musical instruments.— In'strumental'ity, -taK-
ing.] To set in a seat, give a place to; to instate in i-W, n. Quality or condition of being, or that which
an office, rank, or order, with ceremonies. —
Instal- is, instrumental; agency. —
Instrument' ally, adv.
lation, n. Act of installing; esp. of instating an or- In the nature of an instrument, as means to an end;
dained minister in a parish; institution. —Install- with instruments of music. —
In / strumenta / tion, n.
'

ment, n. Act of installing: a part of a sum of money Act of using, or the subordination oi, as an instru-
paid or to be paid at a time different from that of ment; means; agency. (Mas.) Instrumental compo-
the balance. sition; act or manner of playing upon musical in-
Instant, in'stant, a. Pressing; urgent: importunate; struments.
earnest: closely impending in respect to time; imme- Insubordinate, Insufficient, etc. See under Inability.
diate; unking no delay; quick; present; current.— Insular, in'su-lSr, -lary, -la-rT, a. Pert, to an island;
n. A point in duration; a moment; a particular surrounded by water..— In'sulate, v. t. To place in
time; a day of the current month.— Instantly, at/w. a detached situation, isolate; to prevent the transfer
Without the least delay or interval: with urgency; to, or from, of electricity or heat, by the interposition
directly; immediately; at once. —
Insta^ta'neous, of non-conductors. — In'sula'ted, p. a. Standing by
-ne-us, a. Done in an instant. —
Instantaneously, itself. (Elec.) Separated, as a body; from others, by
adv. — Instan'ter, adv. Immediately; without de- non-couductors of electricity. (Then noli as.) Sepa-
lay; instantly.— In'stance, -stuns, n. Quality or act rated, as a heated body, from other bodies, by non-
of being instant or pressing: occasion; order of oc- conductors of heat.
currence; something cited in proof or exemplifica- Insult, in'sult, ??. Gross abuse offered to another; af-
tion; a case occurring; application: example. v. t.— front; indignity; outrage; contumely, —
v. t. To
[-stanced (-stanst), -stancing.] To mention as an treat with abuse, insolence, or contempt, by words
example or case. or actions. — v. i. To behave with insolent triumph.
Instate, in-staf, v. t. To set or place, establish (in a Insure, in-shoor', v.t. [-suked (-shoordO, -surixg.]
rank or condition), install. To make sure or secure esp. to secure against a pos-
;

Instsad. in-sted', adv. In the stead, place, or room; sible loss or assure the contingent payment of a cer-
equivalent to; equal to. tain sum on stipulated conditions, or at a given rate
Instep, in'step, n. The arched middle portion of the or premium. — v. i. To underwrite; to practice mak-
human foot, comprising the metatarsus and part of ing insurance. — Insur'ance, n. Act of insuring, or
the tarsus, csr>. the projection on the upper side near assuring, against loss or damage; a contract where-
its junction with the leg: th it part of the hind leg of by, for a consideration called a premium, one party
n horse from the thigh to the pastern-joint. undertakes to indemnify the other against loss by
Instigate, iu'stt-gat, v. t. To incite, set on, goad or certain risks or to pay a certain sum in a given con-
u;w iorwnvd, stimulate, impel, animate. tingency; premium paid for insuring property or life.
Instill, in-stiK, v. t. [-stilled (-stikK), -stilling.] Insurgent, in-ser'jent, a. Rising in opposition to law-
To pour in bv d ops; to infuse slowly, or by de- ful civil or political authority; insubordinate; re-
grees. —
I "istilla'tion, n. Act of instilling, or infus- bellious.—??. One who rises in revolt; a rebel. In- —
ing by sin_ll quantities; act of infusing slowly into surrec'tion, -seT-rek'shun, n. A rising against civil
the mind; that instilled or infused. or political authority; sedition; revolt: reoellion.
Instinct, in-stinkf, a. Urged from within; moved; Intact, Integrity, etc. See under Inability.

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbex, chair, get.
 INTAGLIO 204 INTERLINE
Intaglio, in-taKyo, n. A figure cut into a material, as changing; state of being mutually changed; alter-
a seal, matrix, etc.; a stone or gem in which a figure nate succession baiter commerce".
: ;

is cut' so as to form a depression or hollow. Intercostal, in-ter-kos'tal, a. (Anat.) Placed or lying

Integument, in-teg r u-ment, n. That which naturally between the ribs.
covers another tiling; esp. (Anat.), a covering which Intercourse, in'ter-kors, n. Connection by reciprocal
invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that dealings between persons or nations, in common af-
invests a particular part. fairs and civilities, in trade, language, or correspond-
Intellect, in'tel-lekt, n. faculty of the human The ence ; esp., interchange of thought and feeling ;
soul by which it knows, understands, or reasons, as communication familiarity ; sexual connection.
:

disting. fr. the power to feel and to will: the power Interdict, in'ter-dikf, v. t. To forbid by order or
to judge and comprehend. Intellec'tion, ». Act of — charge; to prohibit or inhibit. (Eccl.) "To cut off
understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intui- from the enjoyment of communion with a church.
tion. —
Intellect 'ual, -u-al, a. Belonging to, or per-
j
'

— In'terdict', n. A
prohibition a prohibitory or-
;

formed by, the mind, mental; formed bv, and exist- ,

der or decree ; esp. a papal censure, prohibiting the
ing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intel- performance of divine service or the administration
lect; having the power of understanding; having ca- or enjoyment of religious rites, to or by persons
pacity for the higher forms of knowT ledg_e or thought; named or in a specified place or region.
relating to the understanding. Intelligence, -ll- Interest, in'ter-est, v. t. To engage" the attention or
jens, ?i. Act of knowing; the intellect as a gift or en- affections of; to excite emotkTn or passion in, in be-
dowment; capacity for the higher functions of the half of a person or thing; to excite in behalf of an-
intellect information communicated general in-
; ;

—
other, or of some other object, —
used reflexively.
formation an intelligent being or spirit.
; Intel '- n. Special attention to some object; concern; sym-
ligent, a. Endowed with the faculty of reason, or pathy; excitement of feeling, esp. of pleased or grat-
with a good intellect; well informed; sensible; skill- ified feeling, regard, or affection share, portion,
ful. —
InteKligible, -li-jl-bl, a. Capable of being
;

part; advantage, personal or general; lot; the per-

;

understood or comprehended; perspicuous; plain; sons interested in any particular business or meas-
clear. — IntePligibleness, -ligibiKity, n. ure, taken collectively, —
as. the manufacturing in-
Intend, in-tend', r. t. To fix the mind upon, as the terest. —
Interested, p. a. Having an interest; con-
object to be effected to contemplate, meditate, cerned in a cause or in consequences liable to be
—
; ;

purpose, mean. Intended, n. One betrothed an ; affected.— Interesting, p. a. Engaging the atten-
affianced lover. —
Intense', -tens'", a. Strained ; tion or curiosity: exciting emotions or passions.
stretched tightly drawn kept on the stretch ex-
; ; ; Interest, in'ter-est, n. Premium paid for the use of
treme in degree, as, ardent, fervent; keen, biting; money; profit per cent, derived from money lent, or
vehement, earnest severe, violent. Intense'ness,
; — property used by another person, or from debts re-
-ten'sity, -sl-tl, n. State of being intense; extreme maining unpaid; any surplus advantage, or unex-
degree. (Physics & Mech.) Effectiveness, as estimated pected advance in returning what has been received.
by results produced. Inten'sative, -tiv, a. Add-— — Compound interest. That which arises from the
ing intensity; intensifying.— Intensify, v. t. [-fied principal with the interest added; interest on inter-
(-lid), -fying.] To render more intense. v. i. To — j

est.— Simple i. _That from the principal sum only.

become intense, or more intense. — Intension, Interfere, in-ter-fer'", v. i. [-fered Herd'), -fering.]
-shun, n. A
straining, or the state of being strained; ; To come in collision, clash; to take part in the con-
increase of power or energy of any quality. (Logic \
cerns of others, interpose, intermeddle. (Far.) To
& Metaph.) The collective attributes, qualities, or strike one foot against its opposite, so as to injure
marks that make up a complex general notion. the flesh. (Physics.) To act reciprocally, so as to
Intensive, -siv, a. Stretched, or admitting of ex- augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another.
tension, or increase of degree; assiduous; intense. — Interference, ?i. Act or state of interfering ; in-
(Gram.) Serving to give force or emphasis. In- — !

terposition; collision clashing. (Physics.) Mutual

;

tensively, adv. In a manner to give force.— In- j

influence, under certain conditions, of 2 streams of
tenf, a. Having the mind strained or bent on an light, pulsations of sound, or vibrations of any kind.
object fixed closely anxiously diligent. n. Act — Interfuse, in-ter-f uz', v. t. To pour or spread between,
—
; ; \

of turning the mind toward an object; a design; pur- permeate, pervade, mix together. Interfusion,
pose intention meaning object end aim. In-
; ; ; ; ; — -zhun, n. A
mixing together.
tently, adv. In an intent manner ; steadfastly ; Interim, in'ter-im, n. The time intervening.
r Interior. in-te'rT-er, a. Being within any limits, in-
earnestly; sedulously; diligently; eagerly.— Inten -
tion, n. A
bending of the mind toward an object closure, or substance; internal; inner, opp. to ex- —
closeness of application; fixed direction of the mind terior, superficial; remote from the limits, frontier,
to a particular object, or in a particular way of act- or shore; inland. —
n. Internal part of a thing; the
ing; object intended; state of being strained. In- — inside; the inland part of a country.
ten'tional, a. Done by intention or design; in- Interject, in-ter-jekf, v. t. To throw- in between; to
tended; designed. —Inten'tionally, adv. With in- insert. —
Interjection, -jek'shun, n. Act of throw-
tention; by design. ing between; a word, thrown in between words con-
Inter, in-ter', v. t. [-terred Herd'), -terring.] To nected in construction, to express some emotion or
deposit and cover in the earth, bury, inhume. In- — ,
passion.
ter'ment, n. Act of, etc.; burial; sepulture. Interlace, in-ter-las', v. t. [-laced (-last'), -lacing.]
Interact, in-ter-akf, v. t. To act upon each other. To unite, as by lacing to-
— n. A
short act or piece between others, as in a
,

gether; to insert or inter-

pose one thing with an-
|

plav; an interlude.
Intercede, in-ter-sed', v. i. To act between parties, ! other, intermix. Inter- —
to reconcile those who differ: to plead in behalf of lacing arches. (Arch.)
another to interpose, mediate.
; Intercession, — i
Arches, usually circular,
-sesh'un, n. Act of interceding mediation ; en- ; [
so constructed that their
treaty with one partv in favor of^ or, less often, curves intersect or are in-
against another. —
Intercessor, -ser, n. One who
j

terlaced.
intercedes a mediator. (Eccl.) ;
bishop, who,- A j

j
Interlard, in-ter-lard', v. t.
during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishop- i
To mix in, as fat with
ric till a successor is elected. lean; to diversify by mix-
Intercept, in-ter-sept", v. t. To stop on its passage, ture, interpose, insert be- Interlacing Arches.
tween.
'

seize by the way; to obstruct the progress of; to in-

terrupt communication with, or progress toward. Interleaf, in'ter-lef, n. A
blank leaf inserted. In- —
(Math.) To take, include, or comprehend between. 1
terleave'', v. t. [-leaved (-levd'), -leaving.] To
Interchange, in-ter-chanj /',t\Z. [-changed (-chanjd'"), insert a leaf into; to insert (blank leaves) in a book,
-changing.] To put each in the place of the other;
j

I
between other leaves.
to exchange, reciprocate; to cause to follow, or to Interline, in-ter-lln', v. t. [-lined (-lind'), -lining.]
To write in alternate lines; to write between lines
j

alternate.— v. i. To change mutually; to succeed al-

ternately. —
Interchange', n. Act of mutually |
already written, to add to or correct what is written.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 INTERLINK 205 INTERVIEW
— Interlin'eal, -Hn'e-al, -ear, -e-Sr, a. Written or or interceding; act of demanding explanations from
inserted between other lines. Interlineation, n. — a minister, etc.
Act of interlining; a passage, word, or line inserted Interpolate, in-ter'po-lat, v. t. To insert (a spurious
between lines before written or printed. word or passage) in a manuscript or book to foist ;

Interlink, in-ter-link r v. t. [-linked (-linkf), -link- in to alter or corrupt by the insertion of foreign
, ;

ing.] To connect by uniting links. matter ; esp. to change by the insertion of matter
Interlocation, in-ter-lo-ka'shun, n. placing between; A that is new or foreign to the author's purpose.
interposition. (Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of (a series)
/r
Interlock, in-ter-lok , v. i. [-locked (-lokt r ), -lock- according to the law of the series. Inter'pola'- —
ing.] To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow tion, re, Act of, etc. a spurious word or passage
—
;

into one another. v. t. To unite by locking to- in the genuine writings of an author. (Math.) The
gether. operation of finding from a few given terms of a
Interlocution, in-ter-lo-ku r shun, n. Dialogue; con- series, other intermediate terms in conformity with
ference. {Law.) An intermediate act or decree be- the law of the series. —
Inter'pola'tor, -ter, re.
fore final decision. Intermediate argument or dis- Interpose, in-ter-poz'', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -pos-
cussion, —
Interlocutor, -lok'u-ter, n. One who ing.] To place between; to intrude (an obstruction,
speaks in dialogue, or takes part in a conversation. interruption, or inconvenience) to offer (aid or ;

— Interloc'utory, -to-ri, a. Consisting of dialogue. services); to intervene, mediate, interfere, intermed-

(Law.) Intermediate; not final or definitive. dle, —v. i. To step in between parties at variance;
Interlope, in-tei-lop', v. i. [-loped (-lopf), -loping.] put in by way of interruption. Interpos'er, re. —
To traffic without a proper license; to forestall; to — Interposition, -zish/un, re. being, placing, or A
prevent right.— Interloper, re. One who interlopes coming between; intervention; in tervenient agency;
or runs into business to which he has no right; one mediation; thing iuterposed.
who interferes officiously. Interpret, in-ter'pret, v. t. To explain the meaning
Interlude, inter-lud, re. A
theatrical entertainment of, expound ; to free from mystery or obscurity,
between acts of a play or between the play and af- make clear, unfold. Interpretation, re. Act of —
terpiece. (Mus.) A
short piece of instrumental interpreting, expounding, or explaining transla- ;

music played between the parts of a song or hymn. tion ; version; sense given by an interpreter; expo-
Intermarry, in-ter-mar'rY, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] sition ; meaning ; sense ; power of explaining.
To become connected (as families, tribes, classes, Interregnum, in-ter-reg'num, re. The time a throne
etc.) by marriage. — Intermar'riage, -rij, re. Act of, is vacant between the death or abdication of a king
or state of being, etc. and the accession of his successor period during ;

Intermediate, in-ter-me'dY-at, a. Lying or being in which the executive branch of a government is in-
the middle place or degree between 2 extremes; in- terrupted.
tervening; interjacent.— v. i. To intervene, inter- Interrogate, in-tSr'ro-gat, v. t. To question formally,
pose. —Interme'dial, -dT-al, -diary, -dl-a-rf, a. Ly- examine by asking questions, inquire. v. i. To
ing between; intermediate. ask questions. —
Interrogation, re. Act of, etc. ;

Interment. See under Inter. question put inquiry a point, mark, or sign, thus
; ;

Intermingle, in-ter-mra'gl, v. t. [-mingled (-min'r - [?], indicating that the sentence immediately pre-
gld), -gling.] To mingle or mix together, intermix. ceding it is a question. Interrog'ative, -rog'a- —
— v. i. To be mixed or incorporated. tiv, a. Denoting a question; expressed in the form
Intermit, in-ter-mit', v. t. To cause to cease for a of a question. re. (Gram.) —word used in ask- A
time to interrupt, suspend. v. i. To cease for a — ing questions.— Interrog'atively, adv. In the form
—
;

time; to disappear or relax at intervals, as a fever. of a question. Interrogator, -ter, re. One who,
—Intermittent, a. Ceasing at intervals.— re. (Med.) etc. —
Interrog'atory, -a-to-rl, re. A question or in-
A disease which apparently subsides orceases at cer- quiry. —
a. Containing or expressing a question.
tain intervals. —
Intermit'tingly, adv. With inter- Interrupt, in-ter-rupt / v. t. To stop or hinder by
',

mission. —
Intermis'sion, -mish/un, re. Cessation breaking in upon the course or progress of: to inter-
for a time; an intervening period of time; temporary fere with the motion of to break the even surface ;

pause interval pause

; stop
; rest. (Med.) The
; ; or uniform order of. —
Interruption, -rup'shun, re.
temporary cessation or subsidence of a disease; time Act of, etc.; obstruction caused by breaking in upon
between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermis'- — any course, current, progress, or motion; hindrance;
sive, -siv, a. Coming by fits, or after temporary stop cessation intermission.
; ;

cessations. Intersect, in-tgr-sekf, v. t. To cut into or between

Intermix, in-ter-miks /\ [-mixed (-miksf), -mix-
v. t. divide into parts, v. i. —
To cut into one another,
;

ing.] To mix together, intermingle, —v. i. To be meet and cross each other. Intersection, re. Act, —
mixed together, be intermingled. Intermixt'ure, — state, or place of intersecting. (Geom.) The point
-miks'chur, re. A mass formed by mixture; admix- or line in which 2 lines or planes cut each other.
ture; something additional mingled in amass. Intersperse, in-ter-spers r v. t. [-spersed (-spersf), ,

Intern, in-tern', v. t. [-terned (-ternd''), -terning.] -spersing.] To scatter or set here and there among
To put for safe custody in the interior of a country; other things.
to confine to one locality. Inter 'nal, a. Inward — ; Interstice, inter- or in-ter'stis, re. space between A
interior; beneath the surface; not external; derived 2 things or parts; esp. a narrow space between things
from, or dependent on, the object itself pert, to its closely set, or the parts which compose the body
own affairs or interests,— said of a country, domes-
;

chink crack crevice cranny. Interstitial, — ;

tic,as opp. to foreign / —

intrinsic; real; pert, to the
; ;

-stish'al, a. Pert, to, or containing, interstices.

;

heart, thoughts, or inner being. Inter'nally, adv. — Interval, inter- val,w. A space between things; space
Inwardly ; beneath the surface ; mentally ; spiritu- of time between events, or between 2 paroxysms of
ally. disease, pain, or delirium. (Mus.) Difference in
International, in'ter-nasb/un-al, a. Pert, to the re- pitch between any 2 tones. fertile tract of low A
lations of or affecting 2 or more nations. — re. so- A or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of
cialistic association for promoting industrial reforms rivers. [In this sense written also intervale.]
through political combinations; a memberof the as- Intervene, in-ter-ven', v. i. [-vened (-vend'), -VEN-
sociation.— Internationalist, re. member of, etc. A ing.] To come or be between persons or things to ;

Internecine, in-ter-ne'sin, a. Mutually destructive; occur, fall, or come between points of time or
deadly accompanied with great mutual slaughter. events to happen in a way to disturb, cross, or in-
—
; ;

Interne'cive, -siv, a. Killing; tending to kill. terrupt to undertake an action voluntarily for
Interoceanic, in-ter-o'shc-an'ik, a. Between oceans. another.
;

—
Intervention, -ven'shun, re. Act of
Interpeal, in-tSr-peK, -pel', -pgK, v. t. To interrupt, intervening interposition interference that may
—
; ;

disturb, break in upon to interfere with, urge by

; affect the interests of others, esp. of one or more
—
way of intercession. Interpol 'late, -]&t,v.t. To states with the affairs of another. {Civil Law.) The
question (a minister or executive officer) in explana- act by which a third person, to protect his own in-
tion of his actions,— generally on the part of a legis- terest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pend-
lative body. - Interpellation, re. Act of interrupt- ing between other parties.
ing ; interruption act of interfering, interposing,
; Interview, in'tSr-vu, n. meeting, esp. for confer- A
sQn, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 INTERVOLVE 206 INVERT
ence on an important subject: consultation; conver- to each other: preliminary matter: preface; a formal
sation.— ?. t. To have an interview with to con- preliminary treatise; esp" a treatise introductory to
verse with, to obtain information for publication.
;

— other treatises, or to a course of study. Introduc- —

In'terviewer, n. One who effects an interview, to tory, -to-rt, a. Serving to introduce something else;
obtain information, etc. previous; preliminary: prefatory.
Intervolve, in'ter-volV, v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), Introspect, in-tro-spek't', v. t. To'look into or within,
-volving.] To involve one within another. view the inside of.— Introspec'tive, -tiv, a. Inspect-
Interweave, in-ter-wev', ?•. t. [imp. -wove (-wot'), ing within: seeing inwardly.
-woven -weaving.] To weave together, unite in
; Intrude, in-trood', v. i. To thrust one's self in; to en-
texture or construction to intermix, set among or ter, unwelcome or uninvited, into company; to force
—
;

together to intermingle, connect closely.

; one's self in without permission. v. t. To thrust
Intestate, etc. See under Inability. in, or cause to enter without right or welcome to ;

Intestine, in-tes'tin, a. Internal inward depend- : : force or cast in; to obtrude, encroach, infringe, tres-
ing upon the internal constitution subjective in- ; ; pass. (Geol.) To cause to penetrate, as into the clefts
ternal with regard to a state or country' domestic, : or fissures of rocks. —Intru'sion, -zhun, n. Act of
not foreign, —
applied usually to that which is evil.— intruding; entrance without invitation, right, or wel-
n. (Anat.) The convoluted membranous canal or come; encroachment. (Geol.) The penetrating of
tube extending from the pylorus to the anus. pi. one rock, while melted, into cavities of other rocks.
The bowels: entrails; viscera. (Law.) The entry of a stranger, alter a particular
Inthrall, in-thrawl', v. t. [-thralled (-thrawld'), estate of freehold is determined, before the heir in
-ling.] To reduce to bondage or servitude to en- ; remainder or reversion. —
Intru'sive, -siv, a. Tend-
slave. — Inthrall'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, ing or apt to intrude; entering without right or wel-
etc.; servitude: slavery; bondage. come.
Inthrone. Same as Enthrone. Intrust, in-trust', v. t. To deliver in trust, confide to
Intimate, in'tl-met, «. Innermost; inward; internal; the care of, commit, consign.
near close close in friendship or acquaintance Intuition, in-tu-ish'un, n. An act of immediate
—
;

—
; ; I

familiar. n. A familiar friend or associate. In'- |

knowledge, as in perception or consciousness ; a
timacy, -ma-si, n. State of being intimate; close fa- truth that cannot be acquired hv, but is assumed in,
miliarity or fellowship. experience. —
Intu'itive. -Y-tiv, a. Seeing clearly;
Intimate, "in'ti-mat, v.'t. To suggest obscurely, in- knowing by intuition; received or obtained by intu-
directly, or not very plainly to give slight notice
; ition.
of, hint.— Intima'tion. re. Act of intimating; hint. Intwine, in-twin', v. t. [-twined (-twind'), -twin-
Intimidate, in-tim'i-dat, ?•. t. To make timid or fear- ing.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe.
ful to inspire with fear, dishearten, dispirit, abash,
; Intwist. in-twisf, v. t. To twist into or together.
terrifv. Inundate, in-un'dat, v. t. To overflow, deluge, flood;
Into. See under In. to till with an overflowing abundance or superfluity.
Intolerable, Intractable, etc. See under Inability. — Inunda'tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a
Intomb, in-toom', v. t. [-tombed (-toomd'), -tomb- flood: spreading of water over low grounds; super-
ing.] Todeposit in a tomb to bury. ; fluous abundance.
Intone, in-ton', v. i. [-toned (-tond'), -toning.] To Inure, in-ur', v. t. [-vjred (-urd') -uring.] To apply (

utter a sound; give forth a deep, protracted sound: to or expose in practice till use gives little or no incon-
chant. —
v. t. To utter with ajnusical or prolonged venience; to harden, habituate, accustom.— v. i. To
tone; to chant. —
In'tonate, -nat, r. i. To sound the take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the
tones of the musical scale; to practice solmization; to use or benefit of. — Inure'ment, n. Use; habit; prac-
read, as in liturgical services, in a musical manner. tice; custom.
Intona'tion. n. (Jftts.) Act of sounding the tunes Inurn, in-ern r , v. t. [-urned (-ernd'), -urning.] To
of the musical scale: peculiar quality of a voice or put in an urn. To bury, inter, intomb.
musical instrument as regards tone. Act or manner Invade, in-vad', v. t. To enter with hostile intentions,
of modulating the voice: esp. act of reading (a litur- attack; to infringe, encroach on, violate.— Inva'sion,
gical service) with a musical accentuation and tone. -zhun, re. Act of encroaching upon the rights or pos-
Intoxicate, in-toks'T-kat, v. t. To make drunk, in- sessions of another; hostile entrance into the domains
ebriate to exhilarate or stupefy with alcoholic or
; of another; a raid; attack of any foe, or anything
narcotic poisons: to excite to a kind of delirium. — a. hurtful or pernicious. — Inva'sive, -siv, a. Tending
Overexcited, as with joy, grief, etc.— Intox'ica'tion, to invade; aggressive.
re. State of being intoxicated act of making drunk; Invalid. Invariable, etc. See under Inability.
;

elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or mad- Invaluable, in-val'u-a-bl, a. Precious beyond any as-
ness: drunkenness: infatuation; delirium. signable value; inestimable.
Intreat. See Entreat. Inveigh, in-va', v. i. [-veighed (-vad'), -veighing.]
Intrench, in-trench/, v. t. [-trenched (-trenchf), To exclaim or rail against, utter invectives to ex- ;

-trenching.] To surround with a trench, as in press reproach.— Invec'tive, -tiv, n. A severe or vio-
fortification: to fortify with a ditch and parapet; to lent utterance of censure; harsh accusation: abuse;
make hollows or trenches in or upon. v. i. To reproach. — a. Satirical: abusive; vituperative. —
invade, encroach.— Intrench'ment. n. Act of in- Inveigle, in-ve'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To
trenching. (.Mil.) A trench or ditch dug out for a persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flat-
defense against an enemy; earth thrown up in mak- tery: to entice, seduce, wheedle.
ing such a ditch: a slight field-work. Invent, in-vent', v. t. To discover, commonly by
Intricate, in'trT-kat, a. Entangled involved^: per- study or inquiry; to find out: to make, contrive, de-
;

plexed; complicated; obscure. Intrigue', -treg', n. — vise, frame. —Inven'tion, -shun, w. Act of finding
A complicated plot or scheme to effect some pur- out: contrivance of that which did not before exist;
pose by secret artifices the plot of a play or ro-
; thing invented; an original contrivance: power of
mance;" illicit intimacy between two persons of dif- inventing.— Invent 'ive, -iv, a. Able to invent: quick
ferent sexes;_amour; liaison; libertinism. v. i. [in- at contrivance.— Invenfor, -er, n. [L.] In'ven- — —
trigued (-tregd'), -TRIGU1NG.] To form a plot or tory, -to-rt, n. A list of the property of which a per-
scheme, usually complicated, and intended to effect son or estate is found to be possessed, or of property
some purpose by secret artifices; to carry on an aligned or conveyed a priced list or schedule o"f :

amour, have illicit commerce with a person of the movables on hand, as the goods of a merchant, etc.;
opposite sex. register; roll; schedule. — v. t. [inventoried (,-to-
Intrinsic, in-trin'sik, -sical, a. Inward internal ; |
rid), -rying.] To make an inventory of; to insert or
true; genuine; real; essential: inherent. register in an account of goods.
Introduce, in-tro-dOs', v. t. [-duced (-dust'), -du- Invert, in-verf, v. t. To turn over, put upside down,
cing.] To lead, bring, conduct, or usher, in to in- ; place in a contrary order, give a contrary direction
sert, put in; to bring to be acquainted to present :
|

j
to. (Mils.) To change the position of, said of —
to b ing into notice or practice: to produce, cause tones which form a chord, or parts which compose
to exist; to open to notice, begin.— Introduc'tion. n.
I

harmony. —
In'vert, n. (Arch.) An inverted arch.
Act of introducing, esp. of making persons known
|

I
— Inver't'ed, p. a. Changed in order; reversed.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone,
 INVEST 207 IRRATIONAL
(Geol.) Situated apparently in reverse order, as of clauses between the subject and the verb, in a
strata when folded back upon themselves by up- wkv which involves or complicates the construction.
heaval, etc. ~I. arch. {Arch.) An arch placed witl (Math.) Act or process of raising a quantity to any
power assigned. Invo- —
lu'cre, -ker, n. (Bot.) A
whorl or set of bracts
around a flower, umbel,
or head.— Involucel,
-vol'u-sel or in'vo-lu'-
sel, n. (Bot.) partialA
or small involucre.
In wall, in-wawK, v. i.

Inverted Arches. [-walled (-wawld'),

-ling.] To inclose or for-
crown downward, or with its intrados below the tify with a wall.
axis or springing line. —
Inverse', -vers', a. Oppo- Inward, Inwardly, etc. See
site in order or relation; reciprocal. (Bot.) Invert- under In. a, Involucre; 6, Involucel.
ed; having a position or mode of attachment the Iodine, i'o-din or -din, n. (Chem.) An irritant poison,
reverse of that which is usual. {Math.) Opposite in much used in medicine: it is a grayish or bluish-black
nature and effect. — Inversely, adv. In an invert- solid, of metallic luster, chiefly obtained from ashes
ed order or manner. —Inversion, re. Act of invert- of sea-weed: at 347 p of Fahrenheit, it becomes a violet
ing; a complete change of order; reversed position. vapor, whence its name. —
I'odate, -dat, re. com- A
{Gram.) A change of the usual order of words. pound of iodic acid with a base.— I'odide, -did, n.
Invest, iii-vest', v. t. To put garments on, clothe, A non-acid compound of iodine with a metal or
dress, array; to endow, confer, give; to clothe, as other substance.
with office or authority; to grace, bedeck. {Mil.) To Ionian, i-o'nT-an, Ion'ic, a. Pert, to Ionia, in Greece,
inclose; to surround, so us to intercept succors and or to the Ionians.
prevent escape; to lay siege to. To place (property) Iota, i-o'ta, n. A
tittle; a very small quantity or de-
so that it will be safe and yield a profit.
—
v. i. To — gree; a jot.
make an investment. Investment, n. Act of in- Ipecac, ip'e-kak, Ip'ecac'uan'ha, -u-an'a, re. (Bot.
vesting; that with which any one is invested; a vest- &. died.) The dried root, or an extract of the root, of
ment; the laying out of money in the purchase of several S. Amer. plants, esp. of one growing in Bra-
property, usually of a permanent nature; amount zil, used as an emetic, also as a sudorific and expec-
invested, or that in which it is invested. (Mil.) Act torant, and, in small doses, to check vomiting.
of surrounding or besieging by an armed force.— In- Ire, ir, re. Anger; wrath; keen resentment. [F.; L.
vestor, -er, n. ira.] —
Ire'ful, -ful, a. Full of ire wroth Iras'- ; .
—
Investigate, in-ves'tt-gat, v. t. To follow up, pur- cible, i-rus'I-bl, a'. Susceptible of anger; easily pro-
sue, search into. — Inves'tiga'tion, n. Act of inves- voked; irritable. Iras'cibleness, -cibil'ity, v.——
tigating; research; study; inquiry. —
Inves'tiga'tor, Iras'cibly, adv.— Irate", -iat', a. Angry; enraged.
-ter, n. One who searches diligentty into a subject. Iris, i'ris,H. ; E. pLluiSES, -ez; L. pi. Irides, ir'T-dez.
Inveterate, in-vet'er-at, a. Firmly established by The rainbow an appearance resembling the rain- ;

long continuance obstinate deep-rooted having

; ; bow. {Anat.)
; A
colored membrane at the anterior
habits fixed by long continuance: confirmed; habit- part of the eye in the midst of the aqueous humor,
ual. — Invet'erateness, -eracy, -a-sY, re. Obstinacy and perforated by a circular opening called the pu-
confirmed by time. pil see Eye. (Bot.) Flower-de-luce
: a tuberous ;

Invidious, in-vid'i-us, a. Enviable; desirable; likely or bulbous-rooted plant, of the flag family, of many
to incur ill-will or provoke envy; hateful. varieties, some of which produce flowers of exquisite
Invigorate, in-vig'or-at, v. t. To give vigor to, beauty, and one furnishes orris root. Irides'cent, —
strengthen, animate. -des'ent, «. Having colors like the rainbow. Ir- —
Invincible, Invisible, etc. See under Inability. ides'cence, -sens, n. Exhibition of colors, etc. —
Invite, in-vit', v. t. To ask, request; esp. to ask to Irid'ium, -T-um, n. (Chem.) One of the metals, the
an entertainment or visit; to allure, tempt to come, heaviest of known substances.
attract, entice.— v. i. To call to anything pleasing. Irish, i'rish, a. Pert, to, or produced in, Ireland.
— Invita'tion, n. Act of inviting the requesting ;
—
n. pi. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, sing.
one's company to visit, to dine, or to accompany one The language of the Irish, a species of Celtic. —
to any place. Irk, erk, v. t. [irked (erkt), hiking.] To weary,
Invoice, in'vois, n. {Com.) Alist or account of goods —
give pain to, used impersonally.— Irk'some, -sum,
or merchandise sent to a purchaser, consignee, etc., o. Wearisome; tiresome; giving uneariness.
with prices and charges annexed: bill of parcels.— v. Iron, i'ern. n. (Min.) The most common and useful of
t. [invoiced (-voist), -voicing.] To make a written the metals, being gray in .color, hard, malleable, duc-
account of, as goods; to insert in a priced list. tile, and suscepti ble of polish according to the meth- :

Invoke, in-vok', v. t. [-voked (-vokf), -voking.] To od of manufacture and proportion of carbon with
call for or ask, invite earnestly or solemnly; to ad- which it iscombined, it forms wrought iron, cast iron,
dress in prayer.— Invocation, n. Act of addressing and steel. An instrument or utensil made of iron.
in prayer; form or act of calling for the assistance or pi. Fetters; chains: manacles. re. Made of iron; —
presence of any being, esp. of some divinity. {Law.) like iron in color, hardness, strength, etc.; inflexible;
A call or summons; esp., a judicial call, demand, or hard; unrelenting; binding fast; impenetrable.—
order. v. t. [ikoned (-eriid), ironing.] To smooth with
Involve, in-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd r ), -volv- an instrument of iron; esp. to smooth with a heated
IN.G.] To roll up, intwine, wind round; to envelop in flat-iron to shackle with irons, letter or handcuff; to
anything which exists on all sides to complicate or
:
;

arm with iron. I'rony, -ern-l, a. Made, or partak- —

make intricate; to connect by way of natural con- ing of, iron; hard.
sequence or effect; to include by rational or logic.il Irony, i'run-T, n. A kind of ridicule which exposes
construction, comprise, contain; to overwhelm, em- the errors of others by seeming to adopt or defend
8 barrass; to take in, catch, entangle, implicate, blend. them; dissimulation; satire.— Iron'ic, -ron'ik, -ical,
{Math.) To raise to any assigned power, multiply in- a. Pert, to, containing, or expressing, irony ex- ;

to itself.— Involv'edness, n. State of being involved. pressing one thing and meaning the opposite.
— Involve'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. —
Irradiate, ir-ra'dT-at, v. t. To cast a bright light upon,
In'volute, -vo-lut, re. (Geoin.) A curve traced by the illuminate; to animate bv light or heat.— a. Adorned
end of a string wound upon another curve, or un- with brightness. —
Irra'dia'tion, re. Act of emitting
woundfroin it,— called also evolvent. SeeEvoLUTE. beams oi light; thing irradiated; illumination. (Opt.)
—In'volute. -lu'ted. a. (Bot.) Rolled inward from Apparent enlargement of brilliant objects beyond
the edges.— Involution, n. Act of involving; state their proper bounds.
of being involved; complication; that in which any- Irrational, ir-rash'un-al, a. Not rational; void of rea-
thing is involved; envelope. (Gram.) The insertion son or understanding; contrary to reason; absurd;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 IRRIGATE 208 ISSUE
foolish; preposterous; unreasonable. (JIath.) Xot susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal,
capable of being exactly expressed by an integral and mechanical agents; a morbid and excessive vital
number, or by a vulgar fraction. Irreclaim'able, — susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal,
-klanfa-bl, a. Incapable of being reclaimed. Ir- — and mechanical agents; the general vital activity of
rec'oncifable, -siKa-bl, a. Incapable of being rec- any and every part of the living animal body,
onciled, or appeased; implacable; incapable of being whether in health or disease. Ir'ritant, a. Irri- —
made to agree or harmonize; incongruous; incom- tating. —
n. That which in any way causes pain,
patible; inconsistent.— Irrecoverable, -kuVer-a-bl, heat, or tension. —
Irritalion, n. Act of, or state of
a. Xot capable of being recovered, restored, reme- being, etc.; undue excitement; esp., excitement of
died, or regained; irreparable: irretrievable; irreme- anger or passion; provocation; exasperation; anger.
diable: incurable. —
Irredeemable, a. Xot redeem- (Physiol.) A
normal and appropriate action of an or-
able: not subject to be paid at the nominal value, as gan or part of an organized being under appropriate
a note or bill of indebtedness. Irredu'cible, -du'- — stimulus or conditions of action a vitiated and ab- ;

si-bl, a. Incapable of being reduced, or brought normal sensation or action, or both in conjunction,
into a different state or form of expression. —Irref- produced bv natural, medicinal, or mechanical
ragable, -ra-ga-bl, a. Xot refragable not to be re- ; agents. —
Ir^rita'tive, -tiv, Ir'ritatory, -ri-ta-to-ri,
futed; incontrovertible; unanswerable unquestion- ; a. Serving to excite or irritate; accompanied with,
able undeniable. —Irrefutable, ir-refu-ta- or ir're-
; or produced by, increased action or irritation.
fufa-bl. a. Incapable of being refuted or disproved. Irruption, ir-rup'shun, n. A
breaking, or sudden,
— Irreg'ular, -u-ler, a. Xot regular not according ; I
violent rushing into a place; a suddejt incursion.
to common form or rules, to established principles i
Irrup'tive, -tiv, a. Rushing in or upon.
or customs, to nature or the usual operation of nat- ! Is, iz, v. i. The 3d pers. sing, of the substantive verb,
ural laws, to the rules of art, or to rules of moral rec- in the indicative mood, present tense.
titude; not straight; not uniform: abnormal; anom- Isagon, fsa-gon, n. (Math.) A
figure whose angles
alous erratic eccentric unsettled variable dis-
; ; ; ; ; are equal. —
I'sochromatlc, -kro-matlk, a. (0)>t.)
orderly; intemperate; vicious. (Gram.) Deviating I
Having the same color, —
applied to 2 rings, curves,
from the ordinarv form in respect to the inflectional or lines, having the same color or tint.— Isoch'ronal,
terminations. —
irreg'ularly, adv. Irreg'ularlty, — -soklo-nal, -ronous, -nus, a. Uniform in time: of
-u-lar'T-tT, n. State of being or that which is, irreg- equal time performed in equal times.
: Isomet'ric, —
ular; deviation from symmetry, or established form, -rical, o. Pert, to, or characterized by, equality of
custom, or rule deviation from moral rectitude: an
; measure. —
Isometrical projection. method of de- A
act of vice.— Irrefative. -a-tiv, a. Xot relative; with- lineating machines, buildings, etc., in which the
out mutual relations: unconnected. Irrelevant. — ground-plan and elevations are shown
-e-vant, a. Xot relevant; not applicable or pertinent. in one view, 3 planes being projected at
— Irrelevancy, -van-si. n. Quality of not being ap- an equal angle upon a single plane. —
plicable, or of not serving to aid and support. ir- — I'sopod, -so-pod, n. (ZooV) species A
religlon, -re-lijlm, n. Want of religion, or con- of crustacean whose _legs are alike.
tempt of it ungodliness worldliness impiety.
; ; :
— — IsosOeles, -sos'se-lez. a. (Geom.)
Irreligious, -lij'us, o. Destitute of religion; impi- Having only 2 legs or sides that are
ous ungodly indicating a want of religion pro- equal, ——said of a triangle. See Tri-
—
; ; ;

fane wicked". Irrome'diable, -me'dT-a-bl, a. Xot angle. 1'sotb.enn, -therm, n. (Phys.

;

to be remedied, cured, corrected, or redressed. — Geog.) An imaginary line over the

Irremov'able, -moov'a-hl, a. Xot removable im- ; earth's surface passing through points
movable.— Irrep'arable, -a-ra-bl, a. Xot reparable; having the same mean annual tem-
not capable of being recovered or regained. Irre- — perature. —
Isothernfal, a. Having
pressible, -pres/i-bl, a. Xot capable of being re- reference to the geographical distribu-
pressed, restrained, or controlled.— Irreproach/able, tion of temperature, as exhibited by
-proelfa-bl, a. Incapable of being -justly reproached: means of isotherms: having the nature Isopod.
free from blame; upright, —Irresistible, a. Inca- of an isotherm; illustrating the distribution of tem-
pable of being successfully resisted or opposed.— perature by means of a series of isotherms.
lrres /'oluble, -rez'o-lu-bl, a. Incapable of being dis- Ischiatic, is-kY-atlk, a. Pert, to the hip.
solved, sec free, or resolved into parts.— Irres'olute, Ishmaelite, ishOia-el-Tt, n. A
descendant of Ishmael,
-rez'o-lut, a. Xot resolute not decided given to ; ; whose hand was against every man; one at war with
doubt; wavering: vacillating; undecided; unsettled; society; an outlaw; outcast.
unstable.— Irres'olu'tion, -rez'o-lu'shun, n. "Want Isinglass, fzin-glas, ?;. A
semi-transparent, whitish
of resolution or decision; fluctuation of mind; irres- form of gelatine, chiefly prepared from the sounds
oluteness. —
Irresolv'abie, -re-zolVa-bl, a. Inca- or air-bladders of stuigeons: sheets of mica, — popu-
pable of being resolved. —
Irrespective, -spektlv, larly so called.
a. Xot having respect or regard to. Irresponsi- Islam, izlam, n. Thereligion of Mohammed the :

ble, a. Xot responsible; not liable or able to answer whole body of his followers. —
Islamism, -izm, n.
for consequences; not to be trusted. Irretriev'- — The faith or creed of, etc.; Mohammedism; Mahom-
able, -trev'-a-bl, a. Xot retrievable ; irreparable. — etanism.
Irreverent, a. Xot reverent; not entertaining or Island, lfand, n. A
tract of land surrounded by wa-
manifesting due regard to the Supreme Being; want- ter; a floating mass, resembling an island. v. "t. To —
ing in respect to superiors proceeding from or ex- : cause to become an island, as by surrounding with
pressive of irreverence. — Irreverence, ». Absence water to surround, insulate.
or defect of reverence. — Irreversible, -vers'I-bl, a.
;

Isle, Tl. /?. An island.— v. t. To cause to become an

Incapable of being reversed; irrevocable; irrepeala- island, or like an island. —
Isfet, llOt, n. A little
ble unchangeable. — Irrevocable, -o-ka-bl, a. In-
: isle.
capable of being recalled or revoked. — Irrevoca- Ism, izm, n. A doctrine or theory, esp. used contemp-
bly, adv. Beyond recall in a manner precluding
; tuously: a specious, but wild or visionary theory.
recall or reversion. Isochronal, Isosceles, etc. See under Isago.v.
Irrigate, irlT-gat, v. t. To water, wet, moisten; to Isolate, isO-lat, v. t. To place in a detached situation,
water (land) b~y causing water from a stream to flow place by itself, insulate. (Chem.) To separate from
over it in many artificial channels. Irrigation, n. — other substances; to obtain in a pure state. Is / ola /'- —
Act of, etc. esp. the operation of causing water to
; tion. n. State of being isolated.
flow over lands, for nourishing plants. Israelite, iz'- or isla-el-it. n. A descendant of Israel,
Irritate, irli-tat. v. t. To excite heat and redness in or Jacob; a Jew. —
Is'raelit'ic, -Ytlk. Is'raelit'ish,
(the skin or flesh of animal bodies, as by friction): -It'ish, a. Pert, to Israel; Jewish; Hebrew.
to fret; to increase the action or violence of: to ex- Issue, islfshoo, n. Act of passing or flowing out; a
cite anger in, tease, provoke, exasperate. (Physiol.) moving out of any inclosed place; egress; act of
To produce irritation in.— Irlitable, a. Capable of sending out; delivery; that which passes, flows, or is
being, etc.; easily inflamed or exasperated.— Irrita- issued or sent out, —
as, the whole quantity sent
bility, n. Qualitvof being easilv irritated: suscepti- forth or emitted at one time; or, ultimate result or
bility to excitement. (Physiol.) healthful vital A end; or, progeny, a child or children, offspring; or,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 ISTHMUS 209 JACKAL
produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, printed from such type, as an emphatic word or
or other propertv; evacuation; discharge; a flux or
|

sentence. —
Italicize, -Y-siz, v. t. [-cized (-slzd),
running. {Med") An artificial ulcer designed to -cizixg.] To print in Italic; to underline a written
j

promote a secretion of pus. (Law.) In pleading, word, etc.

Itch, ich, n. An eruption of small, isolated, acumi-
j

a. single material point of law or fact depending in J

the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and nate vesicles, produced bv the entrance of a para-
denied on the other, is presented for determina- sitic animal, and attended with itching the sensa-
'

tion. Any point in debate or controversy on which tion in the skin occasioned by the disease; a constant
the parties occupy affirmative and negative posi- irritating desire, —v.i. [itched (icht), itching.]
tions the presentation of alternatives between To feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, which in-
;

which to decide. v. i. —
[issued (-shood), -suing.] clines one to scratch the part to have a constant ;

To pass or flow out, go out, rush out to proceed, desire. —

Itcb/y, -t, a. Infected with the itch.
as from a source, or as progeny ; to be produced
;

Item, i'tem, adv. Also at the same time. ; n. An —

as an effect or result to arise, proceed. : {Legal article a separate particular in an account.
; v. t.
Pleadings.) To come to a point in fact or law, on [itemed (-temd), iteming.] To make a note or
j

which the parties join and rest the decision of the memorandum of. — luteinize, v. [-ized (-izd). -iz- t.

cause. To close, end, terminate.— v. t. To send ing.] — To set forth in detail, or item by item.
out, put into circulation; to deliver for use; to send Iterate, ifer-at, v. t. To utter or do a second time;
out, deliver by authority. to repeat.— Itera'tion, n. Recital or performance a
Isthmus, is'mus, n. ; pi. -muses, -ez. (Geog.) A neck second time; repetition. —Iterative, -tiv, -erant, a.
or narrow lnnd by which 2 continents are
strip of Repeating.
connected, or Dy which a peninsula is united to the Itinerate, i-tin'er-at, v. i. To travel from place to
main land. place, —
esp., to preach, lecture, etc. Itin'eracy, —
It, it, pron. An impersonal or neuter pronoun, usu- -cr-a-sT, n. The practice of itinerating.— Itinerancy,
ally regarded as a demonstrative, corresponding to n. A
passing from place to place discharge of of- ;

the masc. pron. he and the fem. she, and having the ficial duty by frequently changing residence; a body
same plural, they. It is used, as a demonstrative, — of persons who thus discharge official duty. Itin'- —
pointing to that about to be stated or referring to that erant, a. Passing or traveling about a country ;
which is well known or, as a substitute for a noun
; —
wandering. n. One who, etc.; esp. a preacher; one
of neuter gender, or for general terms or, as an in- ;
—
who is unsettled. Itin'erary, -er-a-ri, n. An ac-
definite nominative for an impersonal verb; or, as an count of travels, or register of places and distances
indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or as a guide to travelers. a. —
Traveling passing ;

after a substantive used humorously as a verb.— Its, from place to place, or done on a journey.
the possessive of It. —
Itself', the neuter reciprocal Itself. See under It.
pronoun. Ivory, i'vo-rY, n. The
hard, white, opaque, fine-
Italian, T-taKyan, a. Of, or pert, to, Italy, its inhab- grained substance constituting the tusks of the ele-
itants, or their language. n. —
A native or natural- phant the tusks themselves any white organic
ized inhabitant of Italy the language of, etc. :
— ;

structure resembling ivory, as the tusks of the wal-

;

Italic, a. Relating to Italy, applied esp. to a — rus, etc.; {slang) teeth in general.
kind of type in which the letters slope toward the Ivy, i'vY, ?i. A climbing plant of several species,
right, —
dedicated to the States of Italy by the in- having smooth, shining, evergreen leaves, with small
ventor, Aldus Manutius, about 1500. n. {Print.) — flowers, and black or yellow berries.
Type whose face slopes to the right anything ; Izzard, iz'zerd, n. The letter z, —formerly so called.

J.
J, ja,the 10th letter of the Eng. alphabet, to which it out the fly. — Jack-at-alUtrades.
has been added in modern days, the letter i being One who can turn Ms hand to any
written formerly in words where j is now used see : kind of business. J.-at-a-pinch. —
I. Its sound is that of g soft, as in genius ; and J is One who receives unexpected calls
used to represent that sound in the phonetic respel- to do anything. —
J.-o' -lantern, J.-
lings in this vocabulary. loith-a-lantern. An ignis fatuus; a
Jabber, jab'bgr, v. i. [-bered (-berd), will-o'-the-wisp. J.-a-dandy.— Jjnnsjl 't-.i.
-RiHHsh laa ' A
-beking.] To talk rapidly or indis- foppish, impertinent fellow.
little,
tinctly to chatter.
; v. t. To speak — — Jack'anapes, -a-naps, n. A
monkey ape a cox-
rapidly or indistinctly.— n. Rapid talk, —
comb; impertinent fellow. Jack'ass, n. The male
; ;

with indistinct utterance of words. of the ass ; a dolt ; blockhead. Jack'daw, n. — A

Jack, jak, n. A
nickname or diminutive bird allied to the crows, of which it is the smallest
of John ; a saucy or paltry fellow rustic ; example. —
Jack'et, n. A
short, close garment, ex-
simpleton,— said in contempt orridicule; tending downward to the hips; a coat without skirts;
a playing-card marked with the figure of the outer covering of anything, esp. a case to prevent
a servant (same as the knave); a sea-far- radiation of heat. —
Jack'knife, n. strong clasp- A
ing man an instrument that supplies knife for the pocket. —
Jack'-boots, n. pi. Large
;

the place of a boy, as, an instrument boots reaching above the knee, to protect the leg. —
to pull off boots, bootjack a portable ;

—
-plane, n. A
plane used by joiners for coarse work.
machine, variously constructed, for pud'ding, n. A
merry -andrew; buffoon; zany.
raising great weights through a small space; or, a -screw, n. A portable machine for raising heavy
contrivance to turn a spit, smoke-jack in general, ; weights through a small distance. stays, n. pi.
any appendage to a machine, ren- {Xaut.) Ropes or strips of wood or iron stretching
dering convenient service; a young along the yards of a ship to bend the sails to. —
pike; a buff jerkin, rarely, a coat of -straw, n. A low, servile fellow one of a set of ;

mail ; the male of certain animals, straws or strips of ivory, bone, etc., for playing a
as of the ass a wooden frame on
; child's game. tow'el, n. A long, endless towel
which wood or timber is sawed. upon a roller.
{Me ; The quill of the hammer
•
Jackal, jak'awl, n. A
gregarious nocturnal animal
Avhich strikes the strings in a harpsi- of Asia and Africa, allied to the dog and fox, feeding
chord, piano, etc. £Nuut.) small A upon carrion, small animals, poultry, grapes, etc.; an
flag containing only the union with- Amer. Jack. unscrupulous agent.
sun, cube, full ; moon, io"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
14
 JACOBIN 210 JERK
Jacobin, jafo-bin, n. A Dominican friar; a pigeon enware, glass, etc.; the measure of what is contained
with a hood-like tuft of feathers; one of a society of in a jar.
violent revolutionists iu France, during the revo- Jargon, jar'gon, n. Confused, unintelligible talk or
lution of 1789; a turbulent demagogue. Jacobin/ic, — language; gabble; gibberish: cant language; slang.
-ical, a. Resembling, or pert, to, the Jacobins: hold- Jasmine. jas > - or jaz'min, Jes'samine, n. An erect or
ing revolutionary principles.— Jac'obinism, -izm, n. climbing plant of many species, bearing flowers of a
The principles of the Jacobins factious opposition ; peculiarly fragrant odor.
to legitimate government. Jasper, jas'per, n. (Min.) An opaque, impure variety
Jacobite, jak'o-bTt, n. partisan of James TL, ofA of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors,
Eng.. after he abdicated the throne, and of his de- brea king with a smooth surface.
scendants. —
Jac'obite, -bit'ic, -blfik, -bit'ical, a. Jaundice, jan'dis, n. (Med.) Icterus; a disease caused
Pert, to, etc. —
Jac'obitism, -izm, n. The principles by disturbance of the functions of the liver, and
of, etc. characterized b^ yellowness of the eyes, skin, and
Jacob's-ladder, ja'kobz-lad'der, n. (Bot.) plant A urine. —Jaun'diced, -dist, a. Affected with the
with alternate leaves and corymbs of blue or white jaundice; prejudiced; seeing with discolored organs.
flowers. (Naut.) A
rope ladder, with wooden steps, Jaunt, Jant, jant, v. i. To ramble here and there,
for going aloft. make an excursion, stroll. n. An excursion; short —
Jaconet, jak'o-net, n. A
thin cotton fabric, for dresses, journey.
neck-cloths, etc^ Jaunty, jiin'tY, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Gay and easy; airy;
Jaculate. jak'u-lat, v. t. To throw like a dart, throw showy; finical characterized by an affected or fan-
out, emit. —
Jac'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Darting or tastical manner.
;

throwing out suddenly, or suddenly thrown out. Javelin, javelin, n. A

light spear, anciently thrown
Jade, jad, n. (Min.)
color,_used for ornament.
A
hard stone of a dark-green from the hand.
Jaw, jaw, n. One of the maxillary
^m
Jade, jad, n. A
mean, tired, or worthless horse ; a bones; the bone with its teeth and Javelin,
mean woman, wench a young woman, — in irony covering; scolding; abusive clamor; anything re-
or slight contempt. v. t. — ;

To reduce to the condi- sembling an animal's jaw; in pi., the mouth. v. i. —

tion of a jade, tire out ; to exhaust by excessive la- [jawed (jawd). jawing.] To scold, clamor. v. t. —
bor of any kind, fatigue, weary, harass. To abuse by scolding.
Jag, jag, n. A
notch; a ragged protuberance; a small Jay, ja, n. A
voracious and destructive bird of sev-
load, as of hay or grain in the straw.— v. t. [jagged eral species: the European jay is a showy bird, of
(jagd), -ging.] To cut into notches or teeth like red-brown color above, and a taint yellow below,
those of a saw to notch. Jag'ged, p. a. Having— and has a low, erectile crest of feathers; the blue jay
—
;

notches ; cleft; divided. Jag'gy, -gl, a. Notched; is a crested Amer. bird, hav-
uneven. ing the larger part of the
Jaguar, jag'u-ar or jag-u-a.r'', n. A carnivorous feline feathers of a brilliant sky-
animal, of S. America the S. Amer. tiger.
; blue.
Jail, jal,w. Aprison; a place for confinement for debt Jealous, jel'us, a. Filled with
or for crime. — Jail'er, n. The keeper of, etc.— JaiK- anxious apprehension ; sus-
A
bird, n.
prison. — prisoner; one who has been confined in
fe'ver, n\ (Med.) A fever of the typhoid
character, generated in jails and crowded places.
piciously vigilant; solicitous
m a matter
ter or honor
affecting charac-
pained by sus-
;

Jalap, jaKap, n. (Med.) The root of a Mexican plant, picions of preference given
used in powd_er as a cathartic. or love transferred to anoth-
Jalousie, zhal-oo-ze /', n. A
slatted window blind. er; envious; zealous.— JeaK-
Jam, jam, n. A
mass of people or of objects crowded ousy, -us-sT, n. Quality of
together the pressure from a crowd ; an injury
; being jealous; suspicious
caused by pressure; a conserve of fruit, as berries, fear or apprehension pain- ;

boiled with sugar and water to a uniform consist- f u 1 apprehension of rival-

ence— v. t. [jammed (jamd), -Ming.] To press, ship.
crowd, squeeze tight; to crush, as in the crack of a Jean, jan, n. A
twilled cotton cloth.
door; to wedge in. Jeer, jer, v. i. [jeered (jerd), jeering.] To make
Jamb, jam, n. (Arch.) The side-piece of a door, fire- a mock of some thing or person, sneer, scoff, flout.
place, or other aperture in a building. — v. t. To treat with derision. n. railing remark — A
Jangle, jan'gl, v. [-gi.ei> (-gld), -gling.] To sound
?'.
or reflection; a taunt; jibe; mockery.
harshly or discordantly, as belis out of tune to Jehovah, je-ho'va, n. A
Scripture appellation of the
—
;

bicker, wrangle. v. t. To cause to sound harshly, Supreme Being.

inharinoniously, or discordantly. n. Discordant — Jejune, je-jun
/-
a. Craving food; hungry; starving;
.

sound: contention; babble. wanting contents; empty; void of interest; barren;

Janitor, jan'T-te \ ». A door-keeper; porter; one in unprofitable.
charge of a public building. Jelly, jeKlT, n. An elastic, tremulous, viscous or ge-
Janizary, jan'T-za-rY, n. A soldier of a privileged latinous semisolid a stiffened solution of gelatine,
;

miiitay class, formerly the nucleus of the Turkish gum, etc. juice of fruits or meat boiled with sugar
;

infantry, but suppressed in 1826. to a stiffened consistence.

Jant. See Jaunt. Jennet, Gennet, jen'net, n. A small Spanish horse.
January, jan'u-a-rY, n. The 1st month of the year. Jenneting, jen'riet-ing, n. A species of early apple.
Japan, ja-pan', n. Work varnished and figured in Jenny, jen'nY, n. A
machine for spinning a number
tlie manner of the natives of Japan; varnish or lac- oi soft cotton threads at once.
quer used in japanning metallic or other articles. — Jeopardy, jep/ard-Y, n. Exposure to death, loss, or
v.t. [japanned (-pand'), -ning.] To cover with injury; peril; risk; hazard; danger. Jeop'ard, —
hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japa- Jeopardize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To expose
nese: to black and gloss, as in blacking shoes.— Jap- to loss or injury.— Jeop'ardous, -us, a. Exposed to
anese', -nez r a. Of, or pert, to, Japan, or its inhab-
, danger; perilous; hazardous.
itants.— n. A native or inhabitant of Japan; in pi. Jerboa, jer'bo-a or jer-bo'a, n. small, jumping, A
the people of Japan ; language of the people of rodent' animal, having
Japan. —
Japan'ner, n. One who varnishes in the very long hind legs and
—
manner of, etc. Japon'ica, -pon r l-ka, n. (Bot.) A a long tail: it burrows
species of camellia, native <>j Japan. in the ground.
Jar, jar, c. i. [jarred (jard), -king.] To give forth Jeremiad, -ade, jer-e-mi'-
a short rattle or tremulous sound: to vibrate harshly ad, n. A tale of grief,
or discordantly to clash, interfere to vibrate reg- : sorrow, or complaint;
—
:

ularly. —
v.t. To cause to tremble, shake. n. A a doleful story.
rattling vibration of sound; clash of interest or opin- Jerk, jSrk, V. t. [JERKED lerhnn
u
ions: discord; a vibration of the pendulum of a clock. jerking.] To
(jgrkt),
Jar, jar, n. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel, of earth- throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion;

ilm, tame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Qdd, tone, Or j
 JERK 211 JOIN
to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust, or push. — v. i. separates ore by shakingit in water in a riddle or
To make a sudden motion, start quickly, move with wire-bottom sieve a jigging sieve a machine on
; :

a start, or by starts.— re. A short, sudden thrust, push, which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion;
or twitch; unsteady motion; a sudden spring. a potter's wheel. (Naut.) A small tackle, consisting
Jerk, jerk, v. t. To cut (meat) into slices or strips, of a double and single block and the fall.— Jig'saw,
and dry it in the sun. n. Avertically reciprocating saw, moved by a vi-
Jerkin, jerkin, re. A
jacket; a kind of short coat or brating lever or crank rod.— Jig'gle, -gl, v.i. To
close waistcoat. move in an affected or awkward manner; to shake
Jersey, jer'zT, re. The finest of wool separated from up and down.
the rest fine yarn of wool ; a close-fitting woolen Jill, jil, re. A young woman, — so called in contempt.
— Jilt, n. A woman who capriciously deceives
;

jacket or skirt. and

Jessamine. Same
Jasmine. as disappoints her lover; a coquette; flirt.— v. t. To en-
Jest, jest, re. Something done or said to amuse; some- courage and then frustrate the hopes of (a lover). —
thing ludicrous meant only to excite laughter; the v. i- To play the jilt, practice deception love. m
object of sport; laughing-stock; joke; fun; raillery; Jimmy, jirn'mi, re. A
short bar used by burglars in
sport. — v. i. To make merriment, joke, sport, rally. breaking open doors.
Jesuit, jez'u-it, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) One of a Jimp, jimp, a. Neat; handsome; elegant of shape.
religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, under Jingle, jin'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To sound
the title of The Society of Jesus; a crafty person; with a fine, sharp rattle; to clink. v. t. To cause —
intriguer (an opprobrious use of the word).— Jesu- to give a sharp sound, as a little bell, or pieces of
its' -hark. Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain spe- metal. —re. A rattling or clinking sound; that which
cies of cinchona, whose medicinal properties were makes such sound correspondence of sound in
;

first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries rhymes.

to S. Amer. —
J. drops. Compound tincture of ben- Jingo, jin'go, re. A word often used in a vulgar oath.
zoin.— J. powder. Powdered cinchona bark. Jes- — Jinnee, jin'ne, n. ; pi. Jinn. (Mohammedan Myth.)
uit'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to the Jesuits, or to their prin- —
A genius or demon, a name applied to genii, an-
ciples and arts: designing; deceitful. Jesuit'ical- — gels, or demons, supposed to have transparent bod-
ly, adv. — Jes'uitism, -izm, re. The arts, principles, ies, with the power of assuming various forms.
and practices of the Jesuits. Job, job, n. Apiece of work; anything undertaken;
Jet, jet, a. (Miri.) A
compact, lustrous, velvet-black an undertaking with a view to profit; a public trans-
variety of lignite, wrought into toys, jewelry, etc. action done for private profit.— v. t. [jobbed (jobd),
Jet, jet, 11. A
spouting, forcible shooting forth, or -bing.] To hire by the job, or period of use and
sudden rush, as of water from a pipe, or flame from service; to do by separate portions or lots. (Com.)
an orifice that which issues in a jet. v. i. To — To buy and sell as a broker; to purchase of im-
;

shoot forward, shoot or stand out, project, jut. — porters for the purpose of selling to retailers.— v. i.
v. t. To spout forth, emit in a stream or spout. To perform pieces of work, work by the job; to seek
— /r
Jet-d'eau, zha-do , re. A
stream of water spout- private gain under the pretense of public service.
ing from a fountain or pipe. [F.J —
Jet'sam, Jet'- — Job'ber, re. A worker by the job a dealer in pub-
;

son, Jet'tison, n. (Mar. Law.) The voluntary lic stocks; one who purchases goods from importers,
throwing of goods overboard, to lighten and pre- and sells to retailers; one who turns officiafactions
serve a ship ; goods thus thrown away, and which to private advantage. —
Job'bery, -ber-T, re. Act of,
remain under water. [OLaw F.] —
Jefty, -tT, n. etc.; unfair means for gaining a private end.
A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the Jockey, jok'T, n. ; pi. Jock/eys, -iz. A man who
rest; a projecting pier or mole of timber, fascines, rides or drives horses at horse-races ; a dealer in
rubble, or masonry, for use as a wharf, or to defend horses ; one who cheats in trade, —v. t. [jockeyed
a harbor, etc^, from the waves, or to deflect a stream. (-id), -eying.] To play the jockey toward; to cheat,
Jew, ju or joo, n. A
Hebrew, or Israelite. v. t. — trick. —v. i. To act the jockey.
[jewed (jtid or jood), JEWING.] To cheat or defraud Jocose, Jocular, etc. See under Joke.
(an opprobrious use of the word). —
Jew'ess, re. A Jocund, jok'und, a. Merry; lively; sportive.
—
Hebrew woman. Jew'ish, a. Pert, to the Hebrews; Jog, jog, v. t. [jogged (jogd), -ging.] To push or
Israelitish. —
Jew'ry, -rl, n. Judea ; a district in- shake with the elbow or hand to arouse the mem-
;

habited by Jews, hence the name of a street in Lon- ory or attention by a slight push.— v. i. To move by
don. — Jews'- harp, n. A small musical instrument, jogs, like a slow trot; to walk or travel idly, heavily,
held between the teeth, and having a metal tongue, or slowly. — A
n. slight shake; a push to awaken at-
which when struck by the finger produces musical tention.— JOg'gle, -gl, V. t. [-GLED (-gld), -GLING.]
sounds that are modulated by the breath.— Juda'ic, To shake slightly to jostle, or cause to move irregu-
;

-ical, ju-da'ik-at, a. Fert. to" the Jews. larly. (Arch.) To join or match by jogs or notches,
Jewel, ju'- or joo'el, n. A
personal ornament in so as to prevent sliding apart.
—
v.i. —
To shake or
which precious stones form a principal part ; a pre- totter. ?i. (Arch.) A
joint between 2 bodies so
cious stone; gem; any object very highly valued; a constructed by means of jogs or notches, as to pre-
precious thing, —v.t. [jeweled (-eld), -eling.] To
— vent their sliding past each other. (Masonry.) A
adorn, fit, or provide with, jewels. Jew'eler, n. similar joint held
One who makes or deals in jewels and other orna- in place by means
ments.— Jew'elry, -ellery, n. Jewels in general; the of pieces of stone
art or trade of a jeweler. or m et al intro-
Jezebel, jez'e-bel, n. An impudent, vicious woman. duced into it. pi.
Jib, jib, n. (Naut.) The foremost sail of a ship, be- The pieces of
ing a triangular stay-sail extended from the outer stone or m e t a
end of the jib-boom toward the fore topmast-head used in a joggle
in sloops, it is on the bowsprit, and extends toward joint.
the lower mast-head: see Sail. (Mach.) The pro- Join, join, v. t
jecting beam of a crane. —
Jib-boom, -boom, re. [joined (joind), joining.] To bring together, place
(Naut.) A spar run out from the extremity of the in contiguity, connect; to associate one s self to, be
bowsprit, and serving as a continuation of it see : connected with to effect a union; to add, annex,
;

Ship.— Jibe, jib, v. t. [jibed (jibd), jibing.] [Writ- combine, couple, link. v. i. To be contiguous,
ten also gy ie.\ (Naut.) To shift from one side of a close, or in contact: to form a league or contract to-
vessel to the other, as a sail.— v. i. (Naut.) To shift gether; to unite.— Join'der, n. Act of joining; con-
from one side of a vessel to the other. To harmon- junction. (Law.) A
joining of parties as plaintiffs
ize, agree. "or defendants in a suit, or of causes of action; ac-
Jiffy, jiff 1, n. A moment; an instant. ceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. —
Jig, jig, n. (Mus.) A light, brisk musical movement. Joinder, re. One who joins a mechanic who does
;

A frolicsome, quick dance, to such a movement a the wood-work in buildings. —

Join'ery, -Sr-i, n.
cajolery. —
;

piece of sport trick; ; v. t. To sort or Art or work of a joiner. —

Joint, n. The place or
separate (ore) by shaking to delude. ; — Jig'ger, part in which 2 or more things or parts are joined or
n. One who, or that which, jigs, as a miner who united; junction; articulation; hinge; node; the part

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdOt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 JOIST 212 JUG
or space included between 2 joints, knots, or articula- The keeping of a journal; the profession of editing,
tions; a large piece of an animal cut off for cooking. or writing for, journals.— Jour'nalist, u. The writer
(Geol.) A
deep fissure or plane of fracture cutting
a. Joined; united; com-—
of a journal or diary conductor of, or contributor ;

across the stratification. to, a public: journal.— Jour'naliz3, v. t. [-ized (-Izd),

bined concerted uniting or sharing with others
; -izing.] To enter an account of in a journal.— v.
—
; ;

shared among more than one; held in common. v. i. To aid by writing in carrying on a public journal.
t. To unite hy joints, fit together; to provide with — Jour'ney, -nT, n. ; pi. -keys, -niz. Travel from
joints, articulate to separate the joints of to cut one place to another passage voyage tour ex-
;

—
up (meat), disjoint, v. i. To fit perfectly; to coa-
;

pedition pilgrimage. v. i. [journeyed (-nid),

;

— ; ; ;

lesce as joints do. —

Joint'ure, join'chur, n. (Law.)
;

-neying.} To travel i'rom place to place. Jour /'- —

An estate settled on a wife, and which she is to enjoy neyman, n. ; pi. -men. One hired to work by the
after her husband's decease for her own life at least, day a workman who has learned his trade and is
;

and in satisfaction of dower.— c. f. [jointured supposed to be capable of earning the full rate paid
(-churd), -Turing.] To settle a jointure upon. — for day's work.
Ju'g'ular, -gu-lar, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the neck or Joust. Same as Just.
throat. — n. One of the large veins by which blood Jove, jov, ii. The chief divinity of the ancient Ro-
is returned from the head to the heart: see Lung.— mans; Jupiter.— Jo'vial, -vt-al, a. Under the influ-
Junc'tion, junk'shun, n. Act of joining, or state of ence of Jupiter, the planet; gay; joyous; jolly. Jo r -
being joined; union; combination; coalition; place vialness, Joviality, -al' f-tT, Jov vialty, n. Merriment.
or point of union; esp. place where lines of railway Jowl, jol, n. The cheek.
meet or cross. —
Juncfure, junk'chur, n. The line Joy, joi, n. The emotion excited by the acquisition
or point at which 2 bodies are joined'; a joint or ar- or expectation of good exhilaration of spirits ; ;

ticulation; a point of time, esp. a point rendered cause of happiness gladness pleasure delight ; ; ; ;

critical by a concurrence of circumstances; an exi- felicity; rapture; bliss mirth; festivity; hilarity.—
—
;

gency; emergency. Jun'' to, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. A v.i. [joyed (joid), joying.] To rejoice, be glad, exult.
select council which deliberates secretly on affairs Jubilant, ju'bi-lant, a. Uttering songs of triumph;
of government; a cabal; faction. rejoicing; shouting with joy.— Jubilalion, n. Act of
Joist, joist, n. A
small timber to which boards of a rejoicing exultation. ;

floor or laths of ceiling are nailed.— v. t. To fit or Jubilee, ju'bi-le, n. (Jewish Hist.) Every 50th year,
furnish with joists. at which time all slaves were liberated, and all lands
Joke, jok, n. Something said
to excite a laugh; a jest; alienated during the whole period reverted to their
witticism; what
not in earnest, or actually meant.
is former owners. (Rom. Calk. Church.) A solemnity
— v. t. (jokt), joking.] To make merry
[joked celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, latterly of
with, banter. i. To do something for sport,
v. 25 years. A
season of public festivity and joy; joy-
make sport, jest, rally. —Jocose, jo-kos', a. Given fulness; exultation.
to jokes and containing a joke; facetious;
jestir.gs; Judaic, Judaism, Judaize, etc. See under Jew.
witty; merry; waggish; sportive. jocosity, -kos r - — Judge, juj, 11. (Law.) civil officer authorized to A
t-tT, ?i. A
jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Joe' — hear and determine causes, civil or criminal. The
ular, -u-lar, a. Given to jesting; containing jokes; Supreme Being; one skilled to decide on the merits
sportive. —
:ular1ty, -l&r'T-tT, n. Merrime
Jocularity, rinient ; of a question, or on the value of anything; a con-
jesting. noisseur; expert. (Jewish Hist.) chief magistrate A
Jolly, jollY, a. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joy- with civil and military powers, such as those who
ous; merry; expressing mirth, or inspiring it of governed the nation more than 300 years, pi. The
fine appearance handsome ; plump. ; JoKliness, — ;

title of the 7th book of the Old Testament. v. i. —

-lity, -lf-tt, n. Noisy mirth; revelry; joviality.— [judged (jujd), judging.] To hear and deter-
Jol'lifica'tion, n. Noisy festivity. mine (in causes on trial); to pass sentence; to as-
Jolly-boat, sume authority to try anything and pass judgment
jollT-bot, n. on it; to form an opinion, determine, distinguish. —
(Naut.) A v. t. To hear and determine by authority (a case
small boat before a court, or controversy between parties); to
belonging to examine and pass sentence on; to sit in judgment
a ship. upon; to be censorious toward; to determine upon
Jolt, jolt, v. i. inquiry or deliberation; to esteem, think, reckon.
To shake — Judgement, n. Act of judging process of the ;

with short,
Jolly-boat.
mind m comparing ideas, to find their mutual re-
abrupt lations, and to ascertain truth that discerned by ;

ings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough the mind in judging opinion notion; facility in ; ;

ground. — v. t. To shake with sudden jerks. — n. A judging faculty of judging or deciding truly and
;

shock or shake. wisely good sense

; taste. (Philos.) The act or
;

Jonquil, -quille, jon'kwil, a. bulbous plant of the A faculty of comparing objects, and discerning their
narcissus family, having lily-like leaves and very relations, attributes, or properties; result of the act
fragrant yellow flowers. thus performed. (Law.) Sentence of the law, pro-
Joram, jo'ram, Jo'rum, n. large drinking vessel; A nounced by a court or judge; decision of a court. A
also its contents, —nut-brown ale and toast, with calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recom-
sugar and spice. pense for wrong committed. (Theol.) The final
Jostle, josl, Jus'tle, v. t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To punishment of the wicked. Ju'dicature, -ka-chur, —
run, push, or crowd against, so as to render un- n. Power of distributing justice by legal trial and
steady to hustle, clash. v. i. To hustle, shove — determination right of judicial action jurisdic-
about, elbow.
;

n. —
An encounter or shock. tion
;

a court of justice extent of jurisdiction of a ;

;

—
;

Jot, jot, n. An iota-- a point; tittle; the least quantity judge or court. Judi'cial, -dish/al, a. Pert, or ap-
assignable, v. t. —
To set down; to make a memo- propriate to courts of justice; practiced or employed
randum of. in the administration of justice; proceeding from a
Jounce, jowns, v. t. [jounced (jownst), jouncing.] court of justice positive or established by statute
To jolt, shake, as by driving over a stone, etc. n. — ;

inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. Judi'dary, —

;

A jolt; shake; bard trot. -dish^I-a-rT, a. Passing judgment or sentence; pert,

Journal, jer'nal, n. An account of daily transactions to courts of judicature. n. That branch of govern- —
and events; diary; a record of proceedings; a paper ment in which judicial power is vested; judges col-
published daily a periodical publication giving
; lectively. —
Judi'cious, -dish'us, a. According to,
an account of passing events, proceedings of socie- having, or exercising, sound judgment; prudent
ties, etc. (Naut.) A daily register of the ship's wise discerning sagacious.
; ;

course and distance, etc. (Com.) A book in which Jug, jug, n. A

vessel, with a capacious body and nar-
every charge is entered under the date of each row mouth, and usually a handle on one side; a
day. (Mach.) The portion of a shaft or other re- large earthen or stone "bottle a pitcher ewer a ; ; ;

volving piece which turns in some other piece, or prison; jail. —

v. t. [jugged (jugd), -ging.] To boil
in a journal-box; a bearing. Jour'nalism, -izm, n. — or stew,' as in a jug to commit to jail, imprison.
;

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone,
 JUGGLE 213 JUXTAPOSIT
Juggle, iug'gl, v. i. [-GLED (-gld), -gling.] To play Jupiter, ju'pY-tSr, n. {Rom. Myth.) The supreme
tricks by sleight of hand to conjure ; to practice deity; the son of Saturn Jove. {Astron.) The
—
; ;

artifice or imposture, v. t. deceive by trick or To largest planet, and, next to Venus, the brightest: it
artifice, n.— A
trick by legerdemain; an imposture; has 4 moons.
deception. —
Jug'gler, n. One practices tricks who Jupon, ju-pon r or zhoo-pawN'', Juppon, jup-pon', n. A
by sleight of hand; a cheat deceiver. Jug'glery,
;
— sleeveless jacket, orig. worn over
-gler-T, n. Art or act of, etc.; trickery; imposture. armor, composed of several thick-
Jugular. See under Join. nesses of material sewed through
Juice, jus, n. The characteristic fluid of any vegetable and faced with silk or velvet a ;

or animal substance, esp. that which may be ex- petticoat.

pressed from fruit or meat, or which flows from Juridic, ju-rid /'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to
them in cooking.— Jui'cy, ju'sY, a. [-cier, -ciest.] a judge; acting in the distribution
Abounding with juice moist succulent. of justice; used in courts of law.
—
; ;

Jujube, ju'jub, n. An oriental fruit, allied to the Ju'risdic'tion, n. Legal pow-

plum, of"a blood-red or saffron color, and having a er or authority of determining
sweet, granular pulp. causes ; power of governing or
Julep, julep, n. A
sweet drink; esp. {Med.), a demul- legislating, or of exercising au-
cent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture; a bever- thority limit within which pow-
—
;

age composed of some spirituous liquor, with sugar, er may be exercised. Juris-
pounded ice, and sprigs of mint. prudence, -proo'dens, n. The
Julian, juKyan, a. Pert, to, or derived from, Julius science of law; knowledge of the
Cassar. —
Julian calendar. The calendar as adjusted laws, customs, and rights of men
by Julius Caesar, in which the year was made to con- in a state or community.
sist of 36.3 days, G hours, instead of 365 days.— July', Jurist. See under Just.
-W^n. The 7th month of the year,— fr. Julius Cassar, Jury, ju'rf, n. (Law.) body of A
born in this month. men, selected and sworn to in-
Jumble, jum'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To mix quire into and try any matter of
in a confused mass; to put or throw together with- fact, and to declare the truth of
out order.— v. i. To meet, mix, or unite confusedly. it on the evidence given them in
— n. Confused mixture: orderless mass or collec- the case; a committee for adjudg-
tion; a small, sweet cake, often ring-shaped. ing prizes at a public exhibition, Jupon.
Jump, jump, v. i. [jumped (jumt), jumping.] To lift etc.
the feet wholly from the ground and alight again Jury-mast, ju'rY-mast, n. {Naut.) A temporary mast
upon them, usually with a erected in a ship, to supply the place of one carried
forward motion to leap to ; ; away.
skip, spring, bound to jolt; ; Just, just, a. Rendering, or disposed to render, to each
to coincide.— v. t. To pass by one his due; conformed to fact, to the truth of things,
a leap, pass over eagerly or to a proper standard, to reasonable expectations, etc.
hastily, skip over. n. Act of — upright; impartial; righteous; equitable; true; fair;
lumping; a leap spring; regular. —
adv. Precisely; exactly; closely; nearly.
—
;

bound; a venture. {Geol.) A Justness, n. —

Jus'tice, -tis, n. Quality of being
dislocation in a stratum ; a just; the rendering to every one his due; conformity
fault. {Arch.) An abrupt in- to truth and reality; fair representation of facts;
terruption of level in a piece just treatment merited reward or punishment ;
of brick-work or masonry. — ;

equity; justness; one duly commissioned to hold

Jump'er, n. One who or that courts, or to try and decide controversies and ad-
which jumps; the maggot of minister justice. —
Justiciar, -tish'l-ar, -ciary,
the cheese-fly a long iron
; -tish'I-a-rTf, n. A
judge or justice; a lord chief jus-
chisel or borer; a kind oi tice.— Ju'rist, n. One versed in the law, esp. in the
sleigh one of a certain re- civil law, or the law of nations. Jus'tify, -tT-fT, —
—
;

ligious sect. Jump-seat, n. v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To prove or show to be

A carriage with a movable Jump-seat, just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety,
seat, readily changed from the Two-scat form, or duty; to vindicate as right; to pronounce free
one-seated to the two-seated form. from blame. {Theol.) To treat as just, though
Junction, Juncture. See under Join. guilty and deserving punishment. (Print.) To form
June, jun, n. The 6th month of the year. even or true lines of (type) by proper spacing; to ad-
Jungle, jun'gl, n. Land mostly covered with forest just, cause to fit.— Jus'tifi'able, a. Capable of being
trees, brush-wood, etc., or coarse, reedy vegetation, proved to be just; defensible; warrantable excus-
—
;

but not wholly uninhabited. able. Jus'tiflca'tion, n. Act of justifying; vindi-

Junior, jun'yer, a. Less old younger, esp. applied to
; cation defense state of being justified. (Law.)
; ;

the younger of 2 persons of the same name; pert, to The showing of a sufficient reason in court why a
a younger person, or to a junior.— n. A younger per- party accused did what he is called to answer.
son; of a lower or younger standing; as, esp., one in (Theol.) The treating of sinful man as though he
the 3d year of his collegiate course in an Ainer. col- were just. — Jus'tifi'er, n. One who justifies ; one
lege, or in the 1st year of his course at a theological who pardons and absolves from guilt and punish-
seminary. ment.
Juniper, ju'nY-per, n. An evergreen shrub or tree, Just, Joust, just, n. A
mock encounter on horseback;
whose berries are used to flavor gin and as a power- a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments. v. i. To —
ful diuretic. engage in a mock fight on horseback; to push, drive,
Junk, junk, Pieces of
n. jostle.
old cable or cordage. Justle. See Jostle.
(Naut.) Hard salted Jut, jut, v. i. To shoot forward, project beyond the
beef supplied to ships. main body. n. — A
shooting forward; projection.
— Junk Dealer. One Jute, jut, n. A
substance resembling hemp, used in
who buys and sells manufacturing mats, coarse carpets, etc. also, the ;

junk, old metals, etc. plant which produces it.

Junk, junk, n. ship A Juvenile, ju've-nil, a. Young; youthful; pert, or
used in China. suited to' youth. —
n. A young person or youth.—
Junk, junk, n. A thick Ju'venileness, -nil'ity, -t-tt, n. Youthfulness; man-
piece; lump.—Junk-bot- ners or customs of youth.— Juvenes'cent, -nes'sent,
tle. A bottle,
usually of a. Becoming young.
green glass, made thick Juxtaposit, juks-ta-poz'it, v. t. To place in close con-
and strong, for holding
Junk.
nection or contiguity. —
Jux'taposi'tion, -zish'un,
liquors, etc. n. A
placing or being placed in nearness or conti-
Junta, Junto. See under Join guity.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 K.
K, ka, the 11th letter of the Eng. alphabet, is silent cutting edge piercing; severe; acrimonious; acute
;

before n, but elsewhere has one invariable sound, of mind; penetrating: having mental acuteness.
like e hard. Keep, kep, v. t. [kept, keeping.] To cause to re-
Kale, Kail, kal, n. A plant allied to the cabbage, culti- main in a given position, situation, or condition to ;

vated lor its curled or wrinkled leaves or "sprouts." maintain unchanged; to hold, retain in one's power
— Kale'-yard, n. A kitchen garden. or possession; to have in custod}r , take care of; to
Kaleidoscope, ka-li'do-skop, n. An optical instrument detain; to protect, guard, sustain;.to hide,; to attend
which, by a change of position, exhibits its contents upon to maintain (an establishment, institution,
;

in a varietv of colors and symmetrical forms. etc.); to conduct, manage to supply with necessaries ;

Kalendar. See Calendar. of life, entertain; to maintain (an assistant, servant,

Kalmia, kal'ml-a, n. An evergreen shrub, native to horse, etc.); to continue in (a course of action); to
N. Amer., having corvmbs of showy flowers; laurel. adhere to, perform, observe, obey (duty, promise,
Kanaka, ka-na'kC'i. A native of the South Sea isl- command): to confine one's self toji remain in, haunt,
ands, e.-p. of the Sandwich Islands. frequent; to celebrate, solemnize.— v. i. To remain
Kangaroo, kan'ga-roo', n. A ruminating, marsupial in any position or state, continue, stay; to last, en-
animal of Australiaand dure; to reside for a time, dwell, —h. Act of keep-
the neighboring islands, ing; custody; care; state of being kept: resulting
having short fore legs, condition; case; maintenance; support; that which
used only for digging, keeps or protects; a stronghold; castle; esp. the
bringing food to the strongest and securest part of a castle, the donjon:
mouth, etc., and long see Castle that which is kept or had in charge.
—
;

hind legs, with which it Keep'-sake, n. Anything kept, or given to be

makes enormous kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.
bounds. Keeve, kev, n. A
large vessel for fermenting liquors.
Kaolin, -line, ka'o-lin, n. {Mining.) A vat for dressing ores. v. t. To set in —
(Min.) A variety of clay a tub, for fermentation.
used for making porce- .
~"
t
Keg, keg, n. small A
cask; barrel; cag.
lain. Kelp, kelp, n. Calcined ashes of sea-weed, from which
Karob, ka'rob, n. With carbonate of soda and iodine are made. (Bot.) The
goldsmiths, the 24th sea-weed yielding kelp.
part of a grain. Kangaroo. K9lt. Same as Celt.
Katydid, ka'tl-did, n. A
broad-winged green grass- Ken, ken, v. t. [kenned (kend), -ning.] To know,
hopper, living in trees, —
the males of which, at understand; to recognize, descry. n. Cognizance; —
night, by means of membranes in their wing-covers, view; esp. reach of sight or knowledge.
make a sound, resembling ka-ty-did. Kennel, ken'nel, n. A house for dogs a pack of
Kedge, kej, n. (Navt.) A small' anchor used to keep hounds the hole of a fox or other beast.
; v. i.
;

—
a ship steady when riding in a harbor or river, and [kenneled (-neld), -neling.] To lodge, lie, dwell,
esp. at the turn of the tide, to keep her clear of her — as a dog or fox. —v. t. To keep in a kennel.
—
bower anchor, v. t. [hedged (kejd), kedgixg.] Kennel, ken'nel, n. A gutter puddle. ;

To warp, as a ship: to move by means of a kedge, as Kennel-coal. See Cann el-coal.

in a river. —
Kedg'er, n. kedge. A Keno, ke'no, n. A game played with numbered cards,
Keel, kel, n. The principal timber in a shiD, extend- and balls correspondingly numbered.
ing from stem to stern at the bortom, and supporting Kentle. Same as Quintal.
the whole frame see Ship hence, a ship a low,
: ; ; Kept. See Keep.
flat-bottomed vessel, to convey coal a broad, flat ; Keramic. See Ceramic.
vessel, lor cooling liquids; a keel- Kerchief, ker'chif, n. A
square of fine linen used by
er. (not.) The 2 lowest petals of women to cover the head ; any cloth used in dress,
the co.-olla of a papilionaceous esp. on the head.
flower, inclosing the stamens and Kerf, kerf, n. A notch, slit, channel, or way through
pistil. (Nat. Hist.) A projecting wood made by a saw or other cutting instrument.
ridge along the middle of a flat or Kernel, ker'nel, ». little grain or cornA anvthing
curving surface. v. i. —
[k e e le n included in a shell, husk, or integument a' small
;

(keld), keeling.] To plow with mass around which other matter is concreted nu- :

a keel, navigate to t mi up the

; cleus central part of anything.
;

keel, show the bottom.— False keel. Keel. (Bot.) Kerosene, ker'o-sen, n. hydrocarbon illuminatingA
A strong timber bolted to the bottom of the keel, to oil. distilled from petroleum.
protect it. —
Keel'age, -e.j, n. Right of demanding a Kersey. ker'zT, n. A coarse woolen cloth, usually
toll for a ship entering a harbor: dutv so naid.— woven from long wool.— Ker'seymere,-iner,
ribbed,
KeeKer, n. A
shallow tub for holdHtr materials for A thin, twilled cloth, generally of the finest wool;
n.
calking ships, or for other uses. Keel'-boat, n. — A cissimere.
large, covered boat, with a keel, bu" no sails, used Kestrel, kes'trel, n, A small, slender hawk, of a red-
on Amer. rivers fo. transporting freight; a low, flat- dish fawn color, spotted with white and black.
bottom.-d freight-boat. —
Keel 'haul, v. t. [-hauled Ketch, kech, n. A vessel with 2 masts, a main and
(-hu.vld), -hauling.] (Naut.) To haul under the mizzen-mast, usually from 100 to 250 tons burden.
keel of a ship, as a Ketchup. See Catchup.
punishment, by ropes Kettle, ket'tl, n. A metallic vessel, with a wide
attached to the yard- mouth, used for heating water, etc.
arms on each side. — — Ket'tle-c'rum, n. A drum made
Keel'son, kel'sun, n. of a copper vessel, usually hemi-
(Shii:-,uillina.) A spherical, or shaped like a kettle,
piece of timber laid covered with parchment an in- ;

on the middle of the lormal afternoon or early eveniig

floor timbers over the a, Keelson; ft, Keel; c, False partv.
keel, and binding the Keel, Key, ke, A
portable instrument
n.
floor timbers to the keel. to .shut or open a lock, by moving
Keeling, kel'ing, n. (Tchtli.) A kind of small cod. or raising a bolt or tumbler, or one Kettle-drum.
Keen, ken, a. Eager; vehement; sharp; having a line, by' which anything is wound, screwed, turned, or

am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice s 5dd, tone, 6r
 KEY 215 KINNIKINIC
tightened, as, a watch-/.-"", bed-icy, etc.; that which loliter, kY-loKi-ter or kiKo-li'ter, n. A measure of
unlocks a secret or mystery, or discloses anything capacity =1 cubic meter 1,000 liters = 35.3166 Eng. =
difficult, a solution, explanation; that which locks or 35.3105 Amer. cubic feet, or 264.14 Amer. gallons
up and makes fast, as, (Arch.) a piece of wood let of 231 cubic inches.— Kilometer, ki-lom'e-te'r o/-kil /'-
into another across the grain to prevent warping ; o-me'tgr, n. Ameasure of length, — 1,000 meters =
(Masonry.) the highest central stone of anarch, key- 3.280.800 Eng. or 3,280.709 Amer. feet, or .62135 of a
stone: or (Mech.) a piece of wood or metal, placed in mile. —Kiloster9, ke-lo-star', n. A measure of solid-
coincident slots or mortises, to hold parts together; a ity or volume, —
1,000 cubic meters 35,310.6 Eng., =
wedge or cotter in a frame, chain, etc.; a fin, spline, or 35,310.5 Amer. cubic feet.
feather, or wedge, fastening a wheel or crank upon Kilt, kilt, j*. Ashort petticoat, worn by men in the
a shaft. {Hits.) A lever of wood, ivory, or metal, in Highlands of Scotland, and by children in the Low-
an organ, piano-forte, etc., pressed by the fingers in lands.
playing the instrument; the fundamental tone of a Kimbo, kim'bo, a. Crooked ; arched : bent.
movement, key-note.— v. t. [keyed (ked), keying.] Kin, kin, n. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity;
To fasten with* keys or wedge-shaped pieces of wood relatives: kindred, —
a. Of the same nature or kind;
or iron. —
Key'-board, n. (Mas.) The whole range akin. — Klns'man, -woman, 11. One who is, etc.—
of the keys 01 an organ or piano-forte. hole, n. A Kind, kind, n. Race; genus; generic class; esp. one
hole in a'door or lock, for receiving a key. (Carp.) fixed by the laws of nature sort; nature: style;
manner; character; native character. — a. Having
;

An excavation in beams intended to be joined to-

gether, to receive the key which fastens them. — feelings befitting a common nature esp., showing ;

-note, b. (Mux.) The tonic or first tone of the scale tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good; oblig-

A
ten. —
in which a piece is writ-
seat, n.
rectangular groove,
ing; indulgent; tender; good; gentle: friendly; lov-
ing.—Kind'ly, -It, a. [-lieu, -liest.] Belonging to
the kind or species; natural; kindred; sympathetic;
esp. in a wheel and shaft, disposed to do good: gracious; favorable; mild; gen-
to receive a key, so as to tle.— adv. In a kind manner; benevolently.— Kind''-
prevent one part trom
Key-seat.
liness. «. —
Kind'ness, n. Quality of being kind;
turning on the other. stone, n. (Arch.) The wedge- good will; benevolence; a kind act; act of good will.
shaped stone on the top or middle of an arch or — Kind'-heart'ed, a. Having kindness of nature.
vault, which binds the work. — Kin'dred, n. Relationship by birth or marriage;
Key, ke, n. An island rising little above the surface, consanguinity; kin: relatives by blood or marriage;
as in the 'W. Indies a quay. ; relations.— a. Related; congenial; of like nature or
Khalif. See Caliph. properties.
Khan, kawn or kan, ». A
prince king ; chief, so ;
— Kindergarten, kin-der-garfeu, n. school for young A
called among the Tartars. children, where play is combined with study and
Khan, kan, n. An Eastern inn or caravansary. especial attention is paid to object-teaching.
Khedive, ka-deV or ke'div, n. Governor, viceroy, — Kindle, kin'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To set
a title granted by the Sultan of Turkey to the ruler on fire, light; to inflame, as the passions; to exasper-
of Egypt, in IStkj. ate, rouse, provoke. i'. i. —
To take tire; to begin to
Kibe, kib, n. An ulcerated chilblain, as in the heels. be excited: to grow warm or animated. Kin'' dling, —
Kick, kik, v. t. [kicked (kikt), kicking.] To strike, n. Act of, etc. 2)1. Materials easily lighted, tor start-
thrust, or hit violently with the toot. v. i. To — ing a fire.
practice striking. with the foot; to thrust out the Kine, kin, n. pi. Cows. —
Kine'-pox, n. (Med.) Cow-
foot violently to manifest opposition to recoil, — pox, q. v.
—
; ;

said of a musket, etc. n. blow with the foot A ; King, king, n. A sovereign: monarch; chief among
recoil of a fire-arm, when discharged. competitors; a playing-card having the picture of a
Kickshaw, kik'shaw, n. Something fantastic or un- king; the chief piece in the game of chess; a crowned
common, or that has no particular name a fantas- ; checkerman. pi. The title of 2 books in the Old
tical dish. Testament.— v. t. To supply with a king, make
Kid, kid, n. A
voung goat a bundle of heath and : royal. —King'cup, n. The buttercup, q. v.— King /
'-

furze a small wooden tub or vessel,

: applied, — dom, -dum, n. Quality and attributes of a king;
among seamen, to one containing food; leather made roval authority monarchy ; country subject to a;

of kid skin; a glove of kid leather; among thieves, king; one of the greatdivisionsin nat. hist, classifica-
etc., a child. — Kid'nap, v. t. [-naped (-napt), -nap- tion; a department. —
King'fisher, n. A bird of sev-
in<; To steal and cany away
] or secrete (a man, eral widely distributed genera, inhabiting borders
woman, or child). of streams, and living on fish,
Kiddle. kid'*dl, n. A kind of wear in a river for which it takes by darting
c itching fish, —corrupt, pron. kittle. down on its prey in the water.
Kidney, kid'nY, n. : pi. -neys, -niz. (Anat.) One of — King'-bird, n. small birdA
2 oblong, flattened glands, at each side of the lum- of N. Amer., the tyrant fly-
bar vertebra;, and surrounded with fatty tissue, catcher or bee-martin, noted —
which constitute the secretory organs of the urine. for its courage in driving
Htbit; disposition; sort: kind; a waiting-servant. larger birds from the vicinity
Kid'ney-bean, n. (Hot.) A sort of of its nest. crab, n. A large
bean, —
shaped like the kidney.— /F crustacean, having the form
Kid'ney-form, -shaped, -shapt, a. f'. \ of a horse's foot, with sharp,
Kingfisher.
Siiiped like, etc. A straight tail-spine horse-shoe
;

Kilderkin, kil'der-kin, n. A small \J^ crab. kill'er.n. One who killsaking; aregicide.—
birrel: a liquid measure containing v& -post, n. (Arch.) beam in theA
16 or IS gallons. frame of a roof, or any compound
Kill, kil, t. r\[killed (kild), kill- girder binding the tie-beam to
ing.] To
deprive of life, animal or the ridge.— King's Bench. {Law.)
vegetable to put to death, slav,
; The highest court of common
—
^ stro
^. to de P ri Y? ? f
ties, appease, quell, c-ili
Killikinick See Kinn ikinic
11 *
.
"S^
Kidney-shaped
Leaf.
law in Eng.,
son. —
so called because
the kins; used to sit there in per-
King's'-evil, n. scrof u- AKing-post.
'

A .

>

Hillock, kil'lok, n. A
wooden anchor for mooring a Ions disease, formerly supposed to be healed by the
fishing boat at sea; in X. Eng., a small iron anchor. touch of a king.
Kiln, kil. n. A
large furnace or oven for calcining, Kink kink, n. A
spontaneous twist or doubling upon
vitrifying:, baking, burning, or drying anything; a itself of a rope or thread, which prevents its running
pile of brick for burning or hardening.— Kiln'-dry, freely; a crotchet; wh'm. v.i. —
[kinked (kinkt),
kil'dri, r. /. To dry in a kiln. kinking.] To twist or knot spontaneously.
Kilogram, kil'o-gram* ahbr. Kilo, ke'lo, n. measure A Kianikinic, kin / ni-kl-nik r , n. A preparation for smok-
of weight, —
1,000 grains =
2.070.51 pounds troy, or ing used by the North American Indians, consisting
2.20485 pounds avoirdupois (15.4S2.31 grains). Ki — of the bark and leaves of red sumac or red willow.

e&n, cube, full ; moon, i'dot ; cow,, oil ; linger or ink, then, botfbotf, chair, get.
 KINO 216 KNOW
Kino, ki'no, n. An astringent extract of a deep Knoll, nel, n. The stroke of a bell, rung at a funeral,
brownish-red color, obtained from tropical trees. or at the death of a person; a death-signal. v. i. —
Kiosk, kT-osk/, n. A Turkish open summer-house, [knelled (neld), knelling.] To sound as a.knell,
supported by pillars. or as a warning or evil omen.
Kip, kip, n. The skin of a young beast. Kip'-skin, — Knew. See Know.
n. Leather prepared from the skin of young cattle, Knickerbockers, nik'er-bok'erz, n. pi. Trousers end-
intermediate between calf-skin and cow-hide. ing at the knee, as worn in Holland, and now by
Kipper, kip'per, v. t. [-peked (-perd), -pering.] To sportsmen, young boys, etc.
cure (fish) by means of salt and pepper, and by Knickknack, nik'nak, n. trifle or toy bawble. A
hanging up. —
n. A salmon after spawning, also one KDife, nif, n. ; pi. Knives, nivz. A cutting instrument
;

split open, salted, and dried or smoked. having a blade with a sharp edge and a handle.
Kirk, kerk,«. In Scot., aplace of worship; church; the Knight, nit, n. A military attendant; a follower: a
established church in Scotland. partisan; champion: lover; one
Kirtle, ker'tl, n. An upper garment; gown; petticoat; admitted, in feudal times, to a
short jacket. certain military rank, with
Kiss, kis, v. t. [kissed (kist), kissing.] To salute or special ceremonies; in Eng.,
caress with the lips: to buss; to touch gently. v. i. — one on whom a dignity next
To join lips, touch, meet. n. salute made by A below that of baronet is con-
touching with the lips pressed closely together and ferred by the sovereign, enti-
suddenly parting them; a small piece of confection- tling him to be addressedas Sir;
ery. a piece in the game of chess,
Kit, kit, n. A
vessel of various kinds; esp., a wooden usually bearing a horse's head.
tub; that which comprises a necessary outfit, as of — v. t. To dub or create a
tools, necessaries, etc., as of a workman, soldier, etc. knight. — Knight'ly, -1Y, a.
Kit. kit, n. A
small violin or fiddle. Pert, to, or becoming, a knight.
Kitchen, kich'en, n. A room appropriated to cook- — adv. In a manner becoming,
ery a utensil for roasting meat.
; etc. — K n g h t'l n e s
i n. — i s,
Kite, kit, n. A rapacious bird of the hawk kind, dis- Knight'hood, -hdod, n. Char-
ting. fr. hawks and falcons by having a forked tail acter, dignity, or condition of
and long wings one ; a knight the whole body of
;

who is rapacious a ; knights at a particular time.

frame of wood cov- Knit, nit, v. t. [knit or knit-
ered with paper, for ted, -ting.] To form into a
flying in the air ; fic- knot or into knots: to tie; to
titious commercial pa- form, by the interlooping of
per designed to de- yarn or thread in a series of
ceive.— v.i. Lit., to fly connected knots, by means oi
a kite to raise money,
;
j^ ite needles; to join, cause to grow
or sustain one's credit together; to unite closely, con-
by the use of fictitious mercantile paper. nect; to draw together, con- Knight in full
Kith, kith, n. Acquaintances or friends. — Kith and tract. —
v.i. To unite or weave Armor.
kin. Intimate acquaintance and relations. anything by making knots; to be united closely.—
Kitten, kit'tii, n. A
young cat. v. i. [kittened — Knot, not, n. A
complication of
(-tnd), -tening.] To bring forth young, as a cat. threads, cords, or ropes, formed by
Kleptomania, klep-to-ma'nf-a, n. morbid impulse A tying, knitting, or entangling,
to steal; propensity to thievishness. which resists separation abond ;

Knab, nab, v. t. [knabbed (nabd), -bing.] To seize of union; connection something ;

with the teeth, lay hold of. not easily solved; a difficulty; per-
Knack, nak, n. A
petty contrivance; toy; something plexity; a figure, the lines of
requiring neat performance facility of perform- ; which are interlaced or intricately
ance dexterity adroitness.
; ; interwoven; a collection; band ;

Knacker, nak'er, n. A
dealer in old horses for slaugh- clique a joint in the stem of a
;

ter, and in hoofs, dog"s meat, etc. plant; a hard place in wood caused
Knap, nap, n. A protuberance; knob or button ris- ; by fibers passing transversely
ing ground a summit. ; across the grain, as at the insertion
Knap, nap, v. t. [knapped (napt), -ping.] To bite, of a branch; a protuberance.
bite off; to strike with a loud noise; to snap. v. i. — (Naut.) A
division of the log-line,
To make a short, sharp sound to serving to measure the rate of the
snap. —
Knap'sack, n. case for A
;

vessel's motion. nautical mile of A Knots.

food, clothing, etc., borne on the back 6,086.7 ft. (Ornith.) bird allied A single knot 6,
by soldiers, travelers, etc. to the snipe. v. t. —
To form a
,

double
;

knot ; c,
knot
Knar, Knarl. See Gnarl. knot; to unite closely; to entangle; figure of 8
Knave, nav, n. A dishonest person; perplex. — v. i. To form knots or d. over-hand knot;

joints. — Knot'ty,
e, bowline knot.
rascal: yiUiin, a playing-card marked -tY, a. [-tier,
with the figure of a servant or soldier, -tiest.] Having many knots; hard; rugged; diffi-
a jack. —
KnaVery, -er-T, n. Dishon- cult; intricate; perplexed.
esty petty villainy trickery ; mis- Knives. See Knife.
—
; ;

chievous practices. Knav^ish, a. Knapsack. Knob, nob, n. A hard protuberance; bunch; round
Like a knave villainous. ; ball at the end of anything; a ball-shaped handle.
Knead, ned, v. t. To work and press into a mass; esp., Knock, nok, v. i. [knocked (nokt), knocking.] To
to work into a well-mixed mass, as the materials of strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to
bread. strike against, clash. —
v. t. To strike, drive against;
—
Knee, ne, n. (Anat.) The joint connecting the 2 to strike for admittance, rap upon (a door, etc.)
principal parts of the leg. (Mech.) piece of timber A n. A stroke with something heavy; a rap.
or metal with an angle in the shape of the bent knee. Knoll. Same as Knell.
— Knee'-deep, a. Rising to the knees; sunk to the Knoll, nol, n. The top or crown of a hill; esp., a little
knees.
to the knees.
—
high, -hi, a. Rising or reaching upward
—
-joint, n. {Much.) joint consist- A
round hill or mount; a small elevation of earth.
Knot, etc. See under Knit.
ing of 2 pieces butting on each other like the knee Knout, nowt or noot, n. An instrument of punish-
bent, so as to thrust with increasing power when ment in Russia, with which stripes are inflicted on
pressed into a straight line; a toggle-joint. pan, the bare back. v. t. —
To punish with the knout.
n, (Anat.) The patella, a flattened round Jbone — Know, no, v; t. [knew (nu), known (non), know-
on the front part of the knee-joint— Kneel, nel, v. ing.] To be aware of as true or actual; to have
i. [knelt (nelt) or kneeled (neld), kneeling.] mental cognition of to perceive or apprehend ;

To bend the knee, fall on the knees. clearly; to be acquainted with; to recognize; to ac-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 8r
 KNUCKLE 217 LACTEAL
knowledge, approve to have sexual commerce les: — Knuckle-joint, w. (Mach.) A joint or hinge
with.— v. i. To have knowledge, possess informa- inwhich a projection on one part enters a recess on
tion; to take cognizance. —
Knowing, p. a. Skill- the otherand is held by a pin on which both turn.
ful; well-informed; intelligent. Know'ingly, adv.— Knur, Knurr, ner, Knurl, n. A contorted knot in wood;
With knowledge intelligently deliberately.
; ;
— nodule protuberance
; hard substance a cross-
; ;

Knowledge, nol'ej, n. Act of knowing certain ; grained fellow.

apprehension; that which is known; a cognition ; Kobalt. Same as Cobalt.
learning; scholarship; familiar- Kobold, ko'bold or kob'Sld, n. A kind of domestic
ity gained by actual experience; spirit or elf among the Germans.
practical skill; information; no- Kopeck, ko^pek, n. A Russian coin worth about 2-3ds
tice; sexual intercourse. of a cent.
Knuckle, nuk'l, n. The joint of -'ill' fti -
Koran, ko'i-an or ko-ran', n. The sacred writings of
a finger, esp. when made pro- the Mohammedans, —same as Alcoran.
tuberant by closing the lingers; Kraal, or krawl, n. In S. Africa, a village; col-
kr'al
knee-joint, esp. of a calf. v. i. — lection of huts; hut.
[knuckled (-Id), -ling.] To Knuckle-joint. Kreosote. Same as Creosote.
submit in contest to an antag- Kreutzer, kroit'ser, n. A German coin of variable
onist; to yield, —
said to be de- A P in J thimble; C,
spade-handle,
< ; value, —less than a cent.
rived from the old custom of Kyanise, ki'an-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To
striking the under side of a table when defeated in render proof against decav, as wood, bv steeping it
argument.— v. t. To beat or strike with the knuck- in a solution of corrosive sublimate, or"other agent.

L, el, the 12th letter of the Eng. alphabet, has only 1 Labyrinth, lab'T-rinth, n. A place full of intricacies,
sound, as in like, canal. In Eng. words, the termi- or formed with winding passages; any involved in-
nating syllable le is unaccented and the e is silent, closure, or object or arrangement of involved form;
as in able, eagle, pronounced abl, egl. of a —L an inextricable or bewildering difficulty; maze.
house. A wing, or part attached to the main build- Lac, lak, >;. A red, resinous substance produced by an
ing; properly, a wing joined at right angles to the insect, mainly upon the banyan tree, fr. which are
main building, giving it the shape of the letter L. made shellac, sealing-wax, varnishes, dyes, etc.; in
La, lii. (Mus.) A
syllable applied to the 6th tone of the E. Indies, 100,000, —
as, a lac of rupees. Lac r- —
the scale for the purpose of solmization. quer, Lack'er, n. A varnish for metals, etc., consist-
La, law, interj. Look; see; behold. ing of a solution of shellac in alcohol, colored by
Labarum, lab'a-rum, n. The imperial standard adopt- gamboge, saffron, etc.— v. t. [lacquered (-kerd),
ed by the Emperor Constantine after his conversion -quering.] To varnish with, etc.
to Christianity. Lace, las, n. A string or cord for fastening; an orna-
Label, la'bel, n. A
narrow slip of paper, parchment, mental network of linen, silk, or cotton. v. t. —
etc., affixed to anything, indicating its contents, [laced (last), lacing.] To draw together with a
ownership, etc.; any paper annexed to a will by lace or string; to adorn with lace; to variegate with
way of addition, as a codicil. (Her.) A fillet with stripes: to beat.— v. i. To have a lace; to be tied with
pendants or points, usually 3. (Goth. Arch.) pro- A a lace or string.— La'cing, n. A fastening with a cord
jecting tablet or molding over through eyelet-holes; a cord used in fastening.
doorways, windows, etc.; drip- Lacerate, las'er-at, v. t. To tear, rend, wound, sepa-
stone. — v. t. [labeled (-beld), rate bjr violence, injure, or afflict.
labeling.] To affix a label to. Lache, lash, Laches, lash'ez, n. (Law.) ]S7egligence;
Labial, la'bY-al, a. Pert, or belong- remissness; neglect to do a thing at the proper time.
ing to the lips. (Pron.) Uttered Lachrymal, lakli-mal, a. Generating or secreting
principally with the lips, as 6, m, tears; pert, to, or conveying, tears. Lach'rymose', —
and p. — n. {Pron.) letter A -moV, a. Generating or shedding tears; tearful.
representing a sound formed Lacing. See under Lace.
chiefly with the lips. —
La'biate, Lack, lak, r. t. [lacked (lakt), lacking.] To be desti-
-at, -ated, a. (Pot.) Having the T tute of, be in need of, want. v. i. —
To be in want,
limb of a tubular corolla or calyx Label. (Her.) be wanting, —
n. Want: destitution; need; failure.
divided into 2 unequal parts, one projecting over the Lackaday, lak'a-da', interj. Alas, —an expression of
other like the lips of a mouth. sorrow or regret.— Lackadaisical, -da'zl-kal, -dai'-
Labor, la'ber, n. Toil or exertion, physical or mental, sy, -zT, a. Affectedly pensive or sentimental.
esp. when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable; that Lacker. Same as Lacquer, under Lac.
which requires hard work for its accomplishment; Lackey, lak'T, n. ; pi. -eys, -iz. An attending serv-
drudgery; work; task; travail; the pangs and efforts ant; servile follower. —
v. t. To attend, wait upon.
of childbirth. —
v. i. [labored (-berd), -boring.] Laconic, la-kon'ik, a. Pert, to Laconica or its inhab-
To exert muscular strength, work, toil; to exert itants; expressing much in few words; brief; con-
one's powers of mind; to take pains; to be oppressed —
cise; pithy. n. A concise, sententious method of
with difficulties; to be in travail. (Naut.) To pitch speaking;'laconism; a concise phrase or expression.
and roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. r. t. — — Laconical, a. Same as Laconic— Laconically,
To work at; to form with toil, exertion, or care; to adv. — Lac'onism, -izm, Laconlcism, -l-sizm, n. A
finish or prosecute with effort; to urge. La'borer, — concise manner of expression; laconic style: senten-
-ber-er, n. One who labors in a toilsome occupation, tious phrase.— Lac'onize, v. i. [-nized (-ni'zd), -niz-
esp. one requiring little skill. —
Laborious, -bo'rl- ing.] To speak in a concise, sententious manner.
us, a. Requiring or employing labor, perseverance, Lacrosse, la-kros', n. An outdoor game, orig. of the
orsacrifices; toilsome; irksome; usingexertion; dili- Canadian Indians, played on ice or level ground,
fent; industrious. —
La'borsome, -sum, a. (Naut.) with balls and a wicker bat (crosse).
nclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea. Lacquer. See under Lac.
Laboratory, lab'o-ra-to-rT, n. A
place for operations Lacteal, lak'te-al, a. Pert, to, or resembling, milk ;
and experiments in chemistry, pyrotechny, etc. milky. (Anat.) Conveying chyle. n. One of the —
place where anything is prepared for use. minute tubes which convey the chyle from the
Laburnum, la-ber'num, n. An Alpine tree, cultivated small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the
for its pendulous racemes of yellow flowers. thoracic duct— Lac'tate, n. (Client.) salt formed A
stiri, eabe, full ; moon, iot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 LACUNA 218 LANCE
by the union of lac- Laity. See under Lay, a.
tic acid, or acid of Lake, lak, n. A large collection of water surrounded
milk, with a base. — by land.— Lacus'tral, -trine, -trin, a. Pert, to lakes
Lacta'tion, n. Act orswamps.
of giving suck, or Lake, lak, n. A
deep-red coloring matter, consisting
time of suckling: se- of aluminous earth and cochineal or other red sub-
cretion or excretion stance; a compound of animal or vegetable coloring
of milk.— Lac'tean, matter and a metallic oxide.
a. Milky; resem- Lamb, lam, n. The young of the sheep kind one as
bling, or consisting innocent and gentle as a lamb. v. i. To bring — ;

of, milk; conveying forth lambs, as sheep.

chyle. — Lac'teous, Lambent, lam'bent, a. Playing on the surface; touch-
Milky; re-
-te"-us, a. ing lightly; gliding over; twinkling or gleaming.
sembling milk; lac- Lambrequin, lam'ber-kin, n. A covering for a knight's
teal, conveying helmet, protecting it from heat, moisture, etc.; orna-
chyle. -Lactes'- mental drapery hanging from a window casing, a
cence, -sens, n. Ten- shelf, etc.
dency to milk; milk- Lame, lam, or. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or
iness or milk3T color. |
otherwise injured so as to be unsound and impaired
{Bot.) The juice, in strength imperfect not satisfactory hobbling;
Lacteals and Adjacent Parts. —
; ; ;

commonly white, not smooth. v. t. [lamed (lamd), laming.] To

which flows from o, aorta; 6, thoracic canal; c, lym- make lame, cripple, render imperfect and unsound.
some plants when phatic glands; rf. radicals of the Lament, la-ment', v. i. To weep or wail, mourn; to
wounded. — Lactes'- chyliferous vessels e, intestine ; ;
feel deep regret or sorrow. v. t. To mourn for, —
cent, a. Producing
/, mesentery g, lacteals. ;
bemoan, deplore, bewail. n. Grief expressed in —
milk or white juice abounding with a thick, colored complaints or cries lamentation: an elegy.
; Lam'- —
juice. — Lactone eter, n. An instrument for ascer-
;

entable, a. To be lamented; sorrowful; expressing

taining the proportion of cream in milk; galactom- grief; lifted to awaken lament; pitiable; miserable;
eter; a kindof hydrometer for ascertaining the value pitiful; low; poor.— Lam'entably, adv.— Lamenta'-
of milk by noting its specific gravity. tion, n. Act of bewailing expression of sorrow. ;

Lacuna, la-ku'na, n. ; pi. -nm, -ne. A small opening, Lamina, lam'T-na, n. ; pi. -sje, -ne. A thin plate or
pit, or depression; blank space vacancy; hiatus. ;
scale; a layer lying over another. {Anat.) A bone,
{Bot.) The small pit or cup-shaped depression in or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate. {Bot.) The
the top of the thallus of some lichens: a vacant space blade of a leaf.
between the cells of plants; an air-cell. {Anat.) A Lammas, lam'mas, n. The 1st day of August.
small cavity or sac in a mucous membrane. Lammergeir, lanV'mer-glr, -geyer,"-gi-er, n. A vulture
Lacustral, Lacustrine. See under Lake. of the Eastern hemis
Lad, lad, n. A young man, or boy; stripling; fellow: phere, having the neck '

comrade. covered with feathers

Ladanum, lad'a-num, n. A gum-resin of a dark color like true eagles, and
and pungent odor, used as an external stimulant. seeking living animals
Ladder, lad'dgr, n. A frame of wood, rope, etc., con- for food as well as car-
sisting of 2 side-pieces, connected by rounds, form- rion.
ing steps by which persons may ascend; that which Lamp, lamp, n. ves- A
resembles a ladder in form or use; that by means of sel for producing arti-
which one attains to eminence. ficial light or heat by
Lade, lad, v. t. [itnp. laded p. p. laded, laden ; ;
means of a wick satu-
lading.] To load to put on or in, as a burden or
; rated withinflammable Lammergeir.
freight to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle
; ; liquid ; whatever yields light or cheerfulness. —
to dip.— Lading, n. That which lades or constitutes Lamp '-black, n. A
black pigment of fine charcoal
a load or cargo; freight; burden. La'dle, -dl, n. A — deposited from smoke of burning oil, resinous sub-
cup with a long handle, used in lading or dipping; stances, etc.
the float of a mill-wheel. ( Gun.) An instrument for Lamper-eel. Same as Lamprey.
drawing the charge of a cannon.— v. t. [ladled Lampoon, lam-poon'', n. A
personal satire in writing.
(-did), -dling.] To use a ladle for dipping or draw- — v. t. [lampooned (-poond'), -pooning.] To
ing out. abuse in written satire: to libel, calumniate, lash.
Lady, la'dY, n. A mistress the female head of a
: Lamprey, lam'pre, n. An eel-like fish, having a round,
household a woman of social distinction or posi-
; sucking mouth, set with numerous minute teeth.
tion; the feminine corresponding to lord ; a woman Lanate, la'nat, -nated, a. Woolly. {Bot.) Covered
of gentle or refined manners a wife, or spouse. ;
— with a substance like curled hairs. Laniferous, —
La'dyship, n. Rank or position of a lady, used — -er-us, -nig'erous, -nij'er-us, a. Bearing or produ-
as a title. —
La'dy bird, -bug, n. (Entom.) A small, cing wool. —
La 'nary, -na-rT, n. A store-place for
hemispherical, spotted beetle, feeding on plant-lice. wool.
T
Lag, lag, a. Slow; tard3 last; long-delayed.
; n. One — Lance, lans, n. A weapon consisting of a long shaft
who tags that which comes in last the fag-end rum p
; ; ; and metal point spear a soldier armed with a
; :

lowest class amount of retardation of anything,

; spear; lancer.— v. t. [lanced (lanst), lancing.] To
as a valve in a steam-engine.— v. i. [lagged (lagd), pierce with a lance; to open with a lancet; to throw
-ging.] To walk or move slowly, stay behind, loiter, m the manner of a lance. Lan'cer, n. — —
linger, delay. —
v. t. To cover (a steam-boiler, etc.). Lance'wood, n. A light, tough, elastic tim-
to prevent radiation of heat. Lag'gard, a. Slow; — ber fr. the W. Indies.— Lan'ceolate, -se-o-lat,
sluggish; backward. n. —
One who, etc. Lag'ger, — -lated, a. (Bot.) Oblong and
n.— Lag'ging, ». The nonconducting covering of a gradually tapering toward
steam-boiler; timber of a shaft in mines; planking the outer extremity. Lan'-
over centering of arches and tunnels. cet, -set, n. A surgical in-
Lager-beer, la'ger-ber, n. German beer. A strument, sharp-pointed
Lagoon, la-goon', n. A
creek, shallow pond, or lake, and two-edged, used in ve-
esp. one into which the sea flows lake in a coral ; nesection, and in opening
island. tumors, abscesses, etc.
Laic, Laical. See under Lay, a. {Arch.) A hijrh and narrow
Laid. See Lay, v. t. window pointed like a
Lain. See Lie. lancet. —
Lan'cinating, -si-
Lair, lar, n. A
place in which to lie or rest; esp. the nat-ing, a. Acute darting
bed of a wild beast; any couch or resting-place. (pains), as if fr. the thrust
Laird, ISrd, n. In Scot., a lord a landholder under : of a lancet. Lanch, v. t. —
the degree of a knight or squire. [lanciied (lancht), lanch- Lancet Window.
am, fame, far, pass or- opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term j Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 LAND 219 LARVA
ing.] To throw, as a lance, dart; to pierce with a polish (glass, etc.) with a lap. —v. i. To extend over
lance. or upon to lay partly over something else.
; Lap'- —
Land, land, n. Earth, or the solid matter constituting ful, -f ul, n. As'much as the lap can contain.— Lap'-
the surface of the globe any portion of the surface stone,'n. A
stone for the lap, on which shoemakers
;

of the globe, considered as belonging to an individ- beat leather. —

Lap'dog, n. small dog held in A
ual or people : ground soil inhabitants of a re-
;
;

gion the main land, disting. from an adjacent island

; the lap. —
streak, a. Made with boards whose edges
lap one over another. —
Lapel', n. That part of a
the ground or floor. {Law.) Any earth whatso- coat which is made to fold over. Lap'pet, n. Part —
ever; real estate. —
v. t. To set on shore, disembark, of a garment, etc., hanging loose; a flap.
debark. — v. i. To go on
shore from a vessel, dis- Lap, lap, v. t. [lapped (lapt), -ping.] To fold, wrap,
embark.—Landing, n. Act of, or place for, going or or twist round; to infold, involve. v. i. To be —
putting onshore from a. vessel; platform of a rail- spread or laid on or over; to be turned over or upon.
road station. {Arch.) The level floor at the end of Lap, lap, v. i. To take up food or drink with the
a flight of stairs, or a resting place between 2 flights. tongue; to make a sound like that produced by tak-
— Land'ing-place, n. A
landing. Landless, a. — ing up drink with the tongue. v. t. To take with
Having no property in land.— Land' ward, adv. To- the tongue, lick up.
—
ward the land. Land'fall, n. A sudden transfer- Lapidary, lap'i-da-ri, n. An artificer who cuts, pol-
ence of property in land by the death of its owner. ishes, and engraves precious stones; a dealer in, or
(Naut.) The first land discovered after a voyage. — virtuoso skilled in gems, etc. a. Pert, to the —
Landlady, n. A
woman who has tenants holding art of cutting stones.
from her; mistress of a lodging-house. Land'lock, — Lapse, laps, n. A
gliding, slipping, or gradual falling;
v. t. To inclose or encompass by land.— Landlord, unobserved progress or passing away; a slip; error;
n. The lord of a manor or of land the owner of ; failing in duty. {Eccl. Law.) Omission of a patron
land or houses who has tenants under him; master to present a clerk to a benefice within 6 months
of an inn or lodging-house. Land'mark, n. — A after it becomes void. v. i. —
[lapsed (lapst), lap-
mark to designate the boundary of land any fixed ; sing.] To pass silently or by degrees, glide, slip; to
and known object or prominent feature of a local- commit a fault, deviate from rectitude, fail in duty;
ity ; a striking historical event. {Naut.) Any ele- to pass from one proprietor to another, by the negli-
vated object on land that serves as a guide to sea- gence or failure of some one. {Law.) To become
men. —
Landscape, -skap, n. portion of land A ineffectual or void.
which the eye can comprehend in a single view a ; Lapsided, lop'sid-ed, «. Same as Lopsided.
picture exhibiting somejreal or fancied scene in na- Lapwing, lap' wing, n. A
wading bird of the plover
ture. — Land'grave, -grav, n. A German nobleman family found on the sea-
of the rank of an Eng. earl or French count. Land'- — coast and on marshy
gravine, -ven,w. "Wife of, etc. moors in Eng. the ;

Landau, lan'do, n. A
kind of coach whose top may pewit.
be thrown back. Lar, lar, n. ; pi. Lares,
Lane, Ian, n. A
narrow la'rez.{Rom. Antiq.) A
way, road, street, alley, household deity, regard-
or private passage; ed as the soul of a de-
passage between lines ceased ancestor.
of people standing on Larboard, lar'berd, n.
each side. {Naut.) The left-hand
Language, lan'gwej, n. side of a ship (looking
Human speech; expres- Landau. toward the prow) port.
sion of ideasby the voice, by writing, or other in stru- Larceny, lar'se-ni, n.
Lapwing.
;

mentality; forms of speech peculiar to a particular {Law.) Unlawful taking of others' property theft.
nation; characteristic mode of arranging words pe- — Lar'cenous, -se-nus, a. Of the nature of, or given
;

culiar to an individual speaker or writer; style; to, etc.

ideas suggested by inanimate objects; a nation, as Larch, larch, n. A coniferous tree, having deciduous
disting. by their speech ; tongue idiom dialect. ; ; leaves, in whorls or clusters.
Languish, lan/gwish, v. i. [-guished (-gwisht), Lard, lard, n. The fat of swine, melted and separated
-guishing.] To become languid or weak; to suffer, from the flesh. v. t. —
To smear or mix with lard ;
as from heat or drought; to grow dull, pine, droop, to grease; to fatten, enrich to mix with something
faint; to look with tenderness. n. Act or condition — by way of improvement to interlard. Larda *-
;
;

— 1

of, etc. tender look or appearance. Lan'guor, — ceous, -shus, a. Consisting of, or resembling, lard.
;

-gwSr, n. State of being languid; lassitude; dullness — Lard'er, n. A

room where food is stored; pantry.
of the intellectual faculty listlessness. Lan'guid,
;
— — Lard'erer, n. One in charge of the larder.
-gwid, a. Drooping from exhaustion; indisposed to Lares. See Lar.
exertion; slow in progress promoting or indicating Large, larj, a. Having great size, wide, extensive,—
;

weakness; faint; heavy dull; weary; without ani- said of surface or area abundant, plentiful, of —
—
; ;

mation. quantity ; numerous, populous, bulky, huge, of

Laniard. Same as Lanyard. size; diffuse, full, — of language, style, etc. ;liberal,
Laniferous, Lanigerous. .See under Lanate. comprehensive, —
of the mind; generous, noble,
Lank, lank, a. Loose or lax, and yielding to pressure; of the heart or affections. Lar'gess, n. —
present; A
thin and slender; not plump; not full and firm. gift; donation. —
Lar'go, a. {Mus.) Slowly. Lar- —
Lantern, lan'tern, n. A portable or fixed transparent ghet'to, -get'to, a. {Mus.) Somewhat slowly, but
case inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, not so slowly as largo.
rain, etc.; upper part of a lighthouse. {Arch.) A Lariat, lar'Y-at, n. A long rope or cord for picketing
little dome over the roof of a building to give light; horses in camp, also used as a lasso.
an open tower. {Mach.) A trundle wheel. Dark — Lark, lark, n. A
migratory singing bird of several
lantern. A lantern with a single opening, which species, having a long, straight hind claw, strong
may be closed to conceal the light. bill, and erectile crest; esp. the skylark or laverock.
Lanyard, lan'yard, n. {Naut.) A short piece of line — r. [larked (larkt), larking.] To catch hirks.
?'.

for fastening something in ships. {Mil.) A piece — Lark'spur, n. A

plant with showy blue, red, or
of twine, with an iron hook at one end, used in fir- white flowers delphinium.
—
;

ing cannon with a friction-tube. Lark, lark, n. A

frolic; a jolly time. v. i. To make
Lap, lap, n. The loose part of a coat part of the ; sport, frolic.
clothing that lies on the knees when one sits down; Larrup, lar'rup, v. t. To beat or flog.
part of the body thus covered; part of any sub- Larum, lar'um, n. An alarm; anything to give an
stance which extends over or lies upon another; an alarm or notice.
edge; border; hem. {Mach.) A piece of soft metal, Larva, lar'va, n. ; pi. -vje, -ve. An insect in the first
used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cut- stage after leaving the egg; a caterpillar, grub, or
ting glass, gems, etc., or in polishing cutlery, etc. — maggot. —
Lar'vatdd, a. Masked clothed as with
v. t. [lapped (lapt), -ping.] {Mach.) To cut or a mask. —
Larve, larv, n. Same as Larva.
;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LARYNX 220 LAtfO
Larynx, larlnks, n. (Anat.) The upper part of the touch or by thermometer, but which becomes sensi-
trachea or windpipe, ble heat during certain changes in the body.
Constituting the or^ A. Lateral, lafer-al, a. Proceeding from, or attached
gan of voice. —Lar- to, the side; directed to the side. Lat'erally, adv. —
yngeal, lar'in-je'al By the side sidewise in the direction of the side.
; ;

or Ia-rin /'je-al, -gean, Lath, lath, n. ; pi. Laths, lathz. A thin, narrow
a. Pert, to the larynx board, or strip of wood to support tiles, covering, or
plastering.— Lath, lath, v. t. [lathed (lathd), lath-
-got'o-ml, (Surg.)
-got'o-mi, n. (S< ^ § 'Utt ing.] To cover or line with laths. Lathing, n. A
covering of, or process of covering with, etc.
—
—
Operation of cutting
into the larynx, from Latb/y, lath'!, o. Thin as a lath; long and slender.
the outside of the
neck, to assist respi-
cr
ration when ob- cn
struct e d, or to re-
move foreign bodies. Larynx.
Lascar, las'kar or las- A later view of larynx; B, section
.

kar', n. In E.Indies, £ lan

f larynx; h, hyoid bone tJi, thy- ;

a native sailor, em- roid

oid ccartilage ; ar, arytenoid car-
ployed in European tilage
ilage ; cr, cricoid cartilage tr, ;

vessels; a camp fol- ( rachea ; t, ; tongue

superior si,
ocal cord; ir, interior vocal cord ;
lower.
Lascivious, las-siv'T- ' , ventricle. Lathe.
us, a. Loose wanton lewd lustful; tending to
; ; ;
A, shears or framing ; B, lead-sere
produce lewd emotions. pound rest F, face-plate ; L,
;

Lash, lash, n. The thong of a whip; a whip; scourge; Lathe, lath, n. (Mach.) machine-tool in which » A
cord; string; a stroke with a whip; stroke of satire revolving piece of wood, metal, etc., may be shaped
or sarcasm; cut. v. t. —[lashed (lasht), lashing.] by a cutting instrument the movable swing-frame ;

To strike with a lash, whip, scourge; to satirize; to of a loom.

throw up with a sudden jerk; to dash against; to tie Lather, lath'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To form
or bind with a rope or cord. —
v. i. To ply the whip, a foam with water and soap to become frothy. ;
—
make a severe attack. v. t. To spread over with lather, —n. Foam made
Lass, las, n. A
young woman; girl. by soap moistened with water ; froth from profuse
Lassitude, las'sT-tud, n. State of being relaxed or sweat, as of a horse.
weak; languor of body or mind; weariness. Latin, latin, a. Pert, to the Latins, a people of La-
Lasso, las'so, n. ; pi. -sos, -soz. rope or long leatherA tium, in Italy; Roman; pert, to, or composed in, the
thong with a running noose, for catching wild language used by the Romans or Latins. n. — A na-
horses, etc. tive or inhabitant of Latium the language of ; the
Last, Lastly. See under Late. ancient Romans.
Last, last, n. A
foot-shaped block, on which boots or Latitude, lat'I-tud, n. Extent from side to side, or
shoes are formed. distance sidewise from a given point or line; breadth;
Last, v. i. To continue in time, endure; to continue width; space; looseness; laxity; independence; ex-
unimpaired, hold out.— Lasting, p. a. Of long con- tent of signification, application, etc.; extent of de-
tinuance that may continue or endure durable viation from a standard, as truth, style, and the like
permanent.
;

—
n. A very durable woolen stuff.—
; ;

amplitude; scope. (Astron.) Angular distance of a

Lastingly, adv. Durably; with continuance. heavenly body from the ecliptic. (Geog.) Distance
Last, n. A load; a weight or measure, varying as to of any place on the globe from the equator. Lat'- —
different articles, but estimated at 4,000 lbs.; the itud iiia'rian, a. Not restrained ; not confined by
burden of a ship. precise limits; lax in religious principles or views. —
Latakia, lat-a-ke'a, n. A superior quality of Turkish n. One who, etc. (Theol.) One who departs from
smoking tobacco, grown near Latakia, the ancient the strict principles of orthodoxy in Eng., one of
Laodicea. the Broad Church party.
/,
Lat / itud / ina naiiism ! n. — ;

Latch, lach, n. A
movable catch for fastening a door A latitudinarian system or state freedom of opinion ;

orgate. (Naut.) A
latching, —
v. t. [latched (lacht), in religious matters laxity of doctrine. ;

latching.] To catch or fasten by means of a latch. Latten, laften, n. A

fine kind of brass or bronze,
Latchet, lach'et, n. The string, thong, or fastening of used in the middle ages ; metal in thin sheets, as
a shoe or sandal. —
Latching, n. (Naut.) loop A sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; milled brass.
on the head rope of a bonnet, by which it is con- Latter, Latterly. See under Late.
nected with the foot of the sail. Lattice, laftis, n. Work made by crossing laths, rods,
Late, lat, a. [later or latter, latest or last.] or bars, and form-
Coming after others, or after the proper time; slow; ing a net-work ;

tardy; far advanced towards the end; existing not anything made of
long ago, but not now; deceased; out of office; hap- strips interwoven
pening not long ago; recent, —
adv. After the usual so as to form net-
time, or time appointed; not long ago; lately; far work; esp., a win-
in the night, week, etc. —
Lately, adv. Not long d o w or window-
ago; recently.— Late'ness, n. Lat'6r, a. Poste- —blind.— v. t. [-TICED
rior subsequent.
;
—
Lat'ter, latler, a. More re- (-tist), -TICING.] To
cent; mentioned the last of 2; lately past; modern; form into open
final. —Latter-day Saint. A
Mormon. Laf terry, work —
to furnish
adv. Lately; of late. —
Latlsh, latlsh, a. Some- with a lattice.
;

what late. —
Lafest, a. Longest after the proper Laud, lawd, n.. eu- A
time; tardiest; last; most recent. Last, a. Follow- —
logy; praise; com-
ing all the rest; final; closing; hindmost; next before mendation that ;

the present; incapable of being increased or sur- part of divine wor-

passed; utmost; most unlikely; having least fitness. ship which consists
—adv. The last time; the time before the present;
in conclusion; finally; after all others in order or
time. —Lastly, adv. In the last place; finally. v. t. To praise, —
Lattice Window.
Lateen-sail, la-ten r sal, n. (Naut.) triangular sail, extol.A Laud'able, —
extended by a long yard, —
used in small boats, fe- a. Praiseworthy; commendable healthy.— Laud r-
—
;

luccas, xebecs, etc., esp. in the Mediterranean. ableness, n. Laud'ably, adv. Lauda'tion, n. —
Latent, lalent, a. Notvisible orapparent; hid; secret; Commendation praise. Laud'atory, -to-ri, a. —
dormant. —Latent heat. (Physics.) That portion of Containing or expressing praise. n. That which,
;

—
heat in any body which cannot be discerned by etc.

*m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; 6nd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 LAUDANUM 221 LAZZARONI
Laudanum, law'da- or lod'a-num,
ture or alcoholic solution of opium.
re. A strong tinc- ing of, laws.
— Law'yer, re.
— One
re. maker, A
legislator ; a lawgiver.
versed in the laws, or a practi-
Laugh, laf, v. i. [laughed (lalt), laughing.] To ex- tioner of law, —
a general term comprehending at-
press mirth, derision, or satisfaction by the coun- torneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants,
tenance or voice; to appear gay, lively, or brilliant.— and advocates.
v. t. To express by laughing to ridicule or deride. Lawn, lawn, re. An open space between woods a
—
; ;

re. An expression of mirth, etc., peculiar to the smooth space of ground covered with short grass,
human species laughter.— Laugh'able, a. Fitted to
; generally around a house. —
Lawn'y, -T, a. Level
excite laughter droll; ludicrous; comical.— Laugh'"-
; like a lawn.— Lawn'ten'nis, re. A
variety of the
ing-gas, re. (Chem.) Nitrous oxide, or protoxide of game of tennis played upon an open lawn instead
nitrogen, —which ordinarily produces exhilaration
when inhaled. —
stock, re. An object of ridicule.
Laugh'ter, laf 'ter, re. An involuntary movement of
— of in a tennis-court.
Lawn, lawn, re. A
sort of fine linen or cambric, used
esp. for parts of the official robes of a bishop; the
the muscles of the face, or expression of the eyes, official dress itself. —
Lawn'y, a. Made of lawn.
indicating merriment, satisfaction, etc., and usually Lax, laks, a. Not tense, firm, or rigid; flabby; soft;
attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion not tight; sparse; not crowded; of loose texture;
of air from the lungs. easy or indulgent in principles or discipline; having
Launch, liinch, v. t. [launched (lancht), launching.] too frequent alvine discharges; slack; unrestrained;
To cause to slide from the land into the water; to dissolute; licentious. — A
looseness; diarrhea.
send forth or dispatch; to throw (a spear or dart). — — re.

Laxa'tion, re. Act of loosening, or state of being

v. i. To go forth, as a ship into the water; to expa- loose or slackened. —
Lax'ative, -tiv, a. (Med.)
tiate in language. re. —
The sliding of a ship from Having the quality of loosening or opening the in-
the land into the water. (Naut.) The largest size testines. —
re. A medicine which, etc.; a gentle pur-
of boat belonging to a ship. gative.— Lax'ity, -1-ti, -ness, re. State or quality of
Laundry, Laundress. See under Lave. being lax, —
as, slackness (of a cord) looseness (of ;

Laurel, law'rel, n. A flowering shrub or tree of sev- a texture) want of exactness or precision want of
; ;

eral genera and many species: the Laurus nobilis, or due strictness looseness (of the intestines) open-
sweet bay, with which heroes, poets, and scholars ness. —
Laxly, adv.
; ;

were formerly crowned, is an evergreen shrub of Lay, imp. of Lie, q. v.

Africa and Europe, with aromatic leaves and purple Lay, la, v. t. [laid (lad), laying.] To cause to lie
berries : the mountain laurel, sheep laurel, and flat or to lie against something else to put down; to ;

swamp laurel are handsome but poisonous species of establish firmly; to beat down, prostrate; to place in
kalmia. (pi.) A laurel crown; honors. — Lau'reate, order, arrange regularly; to make ready, provide; to
-re-at, a. Decked or invested with laurel. Poet — spread on a surface to calm, appease, allay to pre-
; ;

laureate. In Eng., an officer of the royal household, vent (a spirit) from manifesting itself to deposit (a ;

orig. retained to compose odes for the king's birth- wager), stake; to bring forth and deposit (eggs); to
day and other state occasions. apply, put; to assess (a tax), impose (a burden, suf-
Lave, lav, v. t. [laved (lavd), laving.] To wash, fering, or punishment) to charge (origin of, or re-
—
;

bathe, v. i. lo wash one's self La'ver, re. A . — sponsibility for) to enjoin (a duty)
; to present or ;

vessel for washing. (Script. Hist.) large brazen A offer. (Naut.) To depress and lose sight of, by sailing,
vessel in the tabernacle or temple, to hold the water or departing from. (Law.) To state, allege.— v. i. To
in which the priests washed their hands and feet produce eggs. (Naut.) To take a position; to come or
and the sacrificial animals.—Lavatory, laVa-to-rT, a. go.— re. lhat which lies, or is laid; a row stratum; ;

Washing, or cleansing by washing. re. place — A layer; a portion of the proceeds of labor, etc., under-
for washing a wash or lotion for a diseased part
; ; taken on shares. ( Weaving.) A
swinging frame in a
place where gold is obtained by washing.— Laundry, loom, which lays the weft-threads parallel to each
Ian'drY, re. A
washing ; place where clothes are other against the cloth
washed and done up. v.'t. —
To wash and iron previously woven.
(clothes). —
Laun'derer, -der-er, re. A man who Lay'er, la'er, re. One
washes clothes. —
Laun'dress, re. A washerwoman. who, or that which,
— Lav'ender, An
aromatic plant which yields an
re. lays thing laid, as, a
—
;

oil used in medicine and perfumery. Lava, la'va stratum, bed, body
or la/va, re. Melted rock ejected by a volcano. spread over another; a
Lavish, lav'ish, a. Expending profusely, excessively, course, as of bricks,
or foolishly; unrestrained; prodigal; extravagant.— stones, etc. a shoot or
;

v. t. [lavished (-isht), -ishing.J To bestow with twig of a plant, not de-

profusion, expend prodigally, squander. [Fr. obs. tached from the stock,
E. lave, to pour out (water); not s. rt. lave, to wash.] laid under ground for Layers
— Lavishly, adv. —
Lav'ishment, re. State of being growth or propagation.— Lay'ering, re. Propagation
lavish; profuse expenditure. Lav'ishness, re. — of plants by layers.
Law, law, n. A
rule of conduct established by au- Lay, la, re. A song; a species of narrative poetry among
thority statute; regulation edict; decree the ap-
; ; ; the ancient minstrels.
pointed rules of a community or state, for the con- Lay, la, a. Pert, to the laity or people, as distinct fr.
trol of its inhabitants established usage; a rule,
; the clergy or from the members of a learned pro-
principle, or maxim of science or art the Jewish or ; fession; not clerical. —Lay^man, re. ; pi. -men. One
Mosaic code, disting. fr. the gospel; hence, the Old of the people, disting. fr. the clergy also, one who ;

Testament litigation; legal science; jurisprudence. does not belong to one of the other learned profes-
—
;

(Nature.) The regular method or sequence by sions, disting. fr. one who does. La'ic, a. Pert, to
which certain phenomena follow certain conditions the laity. —re. layman. A —
La'ity, -l-tl, re. The
or causes, etc. any force, tendency, propension, or
; people, disting. from the clergy.
instinct, natural or acquired. (Morality.) The will Lay-figure, la'fig'ur, re. A
jointed figure of wood or
of God, as the supreme moral ruler, concerning the cork, used as an artist's model.
conduct of all responsible beings. Law'ful, -fill, a. — Lazar, la'zar, re. One infected with a pestilential dis-
Agreeable, conformable to, or allowed by, law; com- ease.— Laz'aret', -ret' to, La'zar-house, re. hos- A
petent; constituted by law: legal; constitutional; le- pital or pest-house for the reception of diseased per-
gitimate; rightful. —
Law'fuliy, adv. In accordance sons. —
Laz'zaro'ni, -nt, n. pi. The beggars and
with law, legally. —
Lawfulness, re. Lawless, a. — —
homeless idlers of Naples, so called fr. the hospital
Not subject to, or unrestrained by, the law of mo- of St. Lazarus.
rality or of society; contrary to, or unauthorized by, Lazuli, laz'u-li, re. (Min.) A
fine azure-blue amor-
the civil law; not subject to the laws of nature. phous silicate of sodium, calcium, and aluminium,
Lawlessly, adv. —
Lawlessness, re. Lawgiver, re. — valued for ornamental work, —
called also lapis laz-
One who makes or enacts a law a legislator. ;
— uli and ultra-marine.
Law'suit, re. A process in law instituted for the re- Lazy, la'zl, a. [-zier, -ziest.] Disinclined to exer-
covery of a supposed right or to obtain justice an ; tion; moving slowly; sluggish; idle; slothful.
action. — Law'-book, re. A
book containing, or treat- Lazzaroni. See under Lazar.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get,
 LEA 222 LEAVE
Lea, Ley, le, n. A meadow or sward land ; a grassy- containing rudiments of common leaves or of a leaf-
field. bearing branch.
Leach, lech, v. t. [leached (lecht), leaching.] To League, leg, n. A combination of narties for promo-
remove the soluble constituents from any material ting their mutual interest, or executing any design
(as alkali from ashes) by causing water or other sol- in concert; a national contract or compact; alli-
vent to slowly pass through it. v. i. To part with — ance; confederacy; coalition; combination.—?;, i.
soluble constituents by percolation.— re. A quantity [leagued (legd), leaguing.] To unite in a league,
of wood-ashes, through which water passes, imbib- confederate. —Leag^uer, n. One who unites in a
ing the alkali a vat, chamber, or tub for leaching
; league ;_ a confederate.
ashes, bark, etc. League, leg, a. A
measure of distance, in Eng. and —
Lead, led, n. A heavy, soft, bluish-gray metal, easily- U. S.jthe marine league =
3 geographical miles.
and ductile; an article made of lead, — as, a
fusible Leak, lek, n. A
crack, crevice, or hole in a vessel,
that admits a fluid or permits it to escape; oozing of
plummet, for sounding at sea; (Print.) a thin plate water or other fluid through an aperture in a vessel.
of type-metal, to separate lines in printing ;. a small — v. i. [leaked (lekt), leaking.] To let water,
cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils; etc., into or out of a vessel, through a crevice. —
6heets of lead covering roofs a roof covered with ;
Leak'age, -ej, n. A leaking; quantity of a liquor
that enters or issues by leaking. (Com.) Allowance
lead-sheets. v. t. —
To cover, or fit, with lead. of a certain rate per cent, for the leaking of casks. —
(Print.) To widen (space between lines) by insert- Leak'y, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Permitting liquid to
ing leads. leak in or out; apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not
E©"" This paragraph is leaded.
close_. —Leak'iness, n.
Leal, lei, a. Faithful loyal true. ; ;

Lead'ed, p. a. Fitted with, or set in, lead. (Print.) Lean, len. v. i. [leaned (lend) or leant (lent), lean-
Separated by leads, as the lines of a page. Lead'- — ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular position or
en, led'n, a. Made of lead heavy indisposed to ; ;
line; to be in a position thus deviating; to incline in
opinion, conform in conduct; to bend; to depend for
action dull.
; —
Lead'ing, n. Lead, or leaden articles
support, comfort, etc. —
v.t. To cause to lean, in-
collectively. —
Lead'-pen'cil, n. An instrument for cline, support or rest.— Lean'-to, -too, n. A building
drawjng, made of black lead or plumbago. whose rafters pitch or lean against another building;
Lead, led, v. t. [led, leading.] To show the way to, a wall, etc.
guide in a way; to guide by the hand, as a child or Lean, len, a. Wanting in flesh; bare; barren; barren
animal; to direct, as a commander, govern; to intro- of thoughts; jejune; low; poor; thin; meager; lank;
duce by going first, precede; to draw, allure, influ- skinny; gaunt.'— n. The muscular part of flesh,
ence; to pass, spend; to cause to pass or spend. v. without fat. —
i. Togo before and show the way; to conduct, as Leap, lep, v. i. [leaped (lept) rarely leapt (15pt),
commander to have precedence or preeminence
; leaping.] To spring from the ground, jump, vault; ;

to put forth, or exercise, a tendency or influence. to make a sudden jump, bound, skip; to manifest
— n. Precedence guidance a navigable opening joy or vivacity.
; v. t. To pass over try leaping; to —
—
;

or lane in an ice-field a lode. Lead'er, n. One ; —

copulate with, cover. n. Act of leaping; a jump;
who, or that which, etc. a guide conductor esp. ;spring; bound; space passed by leaping; a hazardous
; ;

one who goes first a commander the chief of a or venturesome act; copulation with a female beast.
party or faction. (Mus.)
;

performer who leads a A

Leap'er, n.
;

Leap'-frog, n. play among boys, — — A

hand or choir, also, in an orchestra, the performer in which one stoops and another leaps over him by
on the principal violin; the leading editorial article
in a newspaper; a horse placed in advance of others,
or one of a forward pair; pi. (Print.) a row of dots,
placing his hands on the shoulders of the former.
year, n. Bissextile; a year containing 366 days
every 4th year, which leaps over a day more than
— ;

to lead the eye across a space. Leadership, n. —

a common year, giving to February 29 days.
State, condition, or office, of a leader command Learn, ISrn, v. t. [learned (lernd) or learnt (ISrnt),
guidance lead. ; —
Lead'ing, p. a. Chief; principal '
;

learning.] Orig., to teach (obs.); to acquire new

;

most important or influential; showing the way by knowledge or ideas from or concerning; to acquire
going first. skill in anything, —v. i. To receive information,
Leaf, lef, n. ; pi. Leaves, levz. (Bot.) intelligence, instruction, or knowledge. Learn'- —
One of those organs of a plant which ing, n. Knowledge of principles or tacts received
in the aggregate constitute the foli- by instruction or study, or acquired by experience,
age and in which the sap is aerated experiment, or observation; erudition; lore; scholar-
and elaborated for use, usually a —
ship; letters.
flattened expansion of green paren- Lease, les, n. letting of lands, tenements, or here- I A
chyma upon a framework (veins or ditaments to another for life, for a term of years, j

ribs) of woody fiber, attached by a or at will, for a specified rent or compensation; writ- |

petiole or leaf-stalk to a stem or ten contract for such letting; tenure Dy grant or per-
—
!

branch: sepals, petals, scales, spines, mission; time forwhich such tenure holds good.
tendrils, etc., are leaves modified for v. t. [leased (lest), leasing.] To grant tempora- !

special uses. Something which folds, ry /rpossession of lands, etc., for rent; to let.— Lessee'',
bends over, or otherwise resembles a -se n. (Law.) One who takes an estate by lease.
leaf, — as, a part of a book containing Les'sor, -sor, n. One who gives a lease. Lease'- — ,

—
2 pages a side or part, of window-
; hold, a. Held by lease. n. A tenure held by lease. —
shutters, folding-doors, etc.; the Leash, lesh, n. A thong of leather, or line, by which
movable side of a table; a very thin a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog.
plate, as of gold a portion of fat
; (Sportina.) A brace and a half; 3 creatures of any
lying in a separate fold or layer a kind, esp. greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; the
;

tooth of a pinion- wheel.— v. i. [leafed (left), leaf number 3 in general; a bandwherewith to tie any-
ing.] To produce leaves.
shoot, thing. — V. t. [LEASHED (lesht), LEASHING.] To
— Leafage, -ej, n. Leaves collec- bind, hold by a string.
tively; foliage-— Leafy, -T, a. [-ier, Least, etc. See under Less.
-iest.] Full of leaves. — Leaf iness, Leather, letb/er, n. The skin of an animal tanned,
n. — Leaf less, ' of a. Destitute tawed, or otherwise dressed for use dressed hides
leaves. — Leaf let, n. A little leaf; collectively. — Leather, -era, a.
;

Made of, etc. —

an unattached printed leaf. (Bot.) Leatlf ery, -er-t, a. Like leather
tough. ;

One of the divisions of_a com- Leave, lev, n. Liberty granted; permission; license;
pound leaf. — Leave, lev, v. i. a formal parting of friends farewell adieu. ; ;

To leaf.— Leaf-bridge, n. A draw- Leave, lev, v. t. [left, leaving.] To withdraw or

bridge having a leaf or platform depart from; to forsake, desert, abandon, relinquish;
on each side, which rises and falls. Leaflets. to suffer to remain; to have remaining at death; to
— -bud, n. (Bot.) A scale-covered conical bud give by will, bequeath; to commit or trust to, as a

fame, far, p&ss or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone. Or
 LEAVE 223 LEGUME
deposit; to intrust; to permit or allow; to refer; to obliquely; to cast a lingering, sidelong look, express-
cease or desist from. v. i. To cease, desist.— ive of lust, hatred, etc. n. sidelong luBtful or — A
Leave, lev, v. i. To leaf, q. v. malign look arch or affected look.
;

Leaven, lev'n, n. A
portion of fermenting dough, Lees. _See Lee, sediment.
which, mixed with a larger quantity, produces fer- Leet, let, n. (Eng. Law.) A court-leet, q. v. ; district
mentation in it, and renders it light yeast barm; ; ; within the jurisdiction of a court-leet. A list of can-
anything which produces fermentation or works a didates for office.
general change in the mass.— v. t. [leavened (-nd), Left. See Leave.
-ening.] To excite fermentation in; to taint, imbue. Left, left, a. In the direction, or on the side of, the
Lecher, lech'er, n. A
man given to lewdness. v. i. — part opp. to the right of the body.— n. The side op-
[lechered (-erd), -ering.] To practice lewdness, posite to the right. —
Left'handed, a. Having the
indulge lust. —
Lech'erous, -er-us, a. Addicted to left hand more strong and dextrous than the right
lewdness lustful provoking lust. Lech'erously, — clumsy awkward
unlucky inauspicious sinis-
adv. —
; ;

Lecu'erousness, n. Lech'ery, -er-T, n. Free — ter ; malicious.

; ; ; ;

indulgence of lust; practice of indulging the animal Leg, leg, n. The limb of an animal, used in support-
appetite. ing the body esp. that part from the knee to the
;

Lection, lek'shun, n. A
difference in copies of a man- foot that which resembles a leg esp. any long and
; ;

uscript or book; a reading; a portion of Scripture slender support on which an object rests; that part
read in divine service. Leclor, n. —
reader one A ; of a stocking, etc., which covers the leg. Leg'gin, —
who read Scripture, etc., in the ancient churches. -ging, n. A
covering for the leg, as a gaiter.
— Ledionary, -a-rf, n. The Roman Catholic ser- Legacy, leg'a-sT, n. A
gift, by will, of money or other
vice-book. — Lecfure, lek'chur, n. Act or practice property; a bequest; anything bequeathed. Leg'- —
of reading a discourse on any subject, esp. a for- atee', -te', n. One to whom a legacy is bequeathed.
;

mal or methodical discourse, for instruction; a mag- — Legator', -t6r', n. One who bequeaths, etc.
isterial reprimand; formal reproof v. t. [lectured .
— Legal, tergal, a. According to, in conformity with,
(-churd), -uring.] To instruct by discourses, in- created by, or relating to, law; lawful. (Theol.) Ac-
struct authoritatively, reprove. v. i. To deliver a — cording to the law of works, disting. fr. free grace;
discourse; to practice delivering lectures to instruct resting on works for salvation; according to the old
or amuse.— Lect'urer, n. One who, etc. a preacher ; or Mosaic dispensation. (Law.) Governed by rules
in a church, who assists the rector or curate. Lect- — of law as disting. fr. rules of equity. Constitutional;
—
ureship, n. Office of a lecturer. legitimate licit ;authorized. Legality, -T-tT, n.
;

Lecturn, -tern, leklern, Lef- State of being legal; conformity to law. (Theol.)
tern, n. A
reading-desk, in Outward conformity to law without inward princi-
churches. ple. —
Le'galize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.1 To
Led, etc. See under Lead. make lawful; to authorize to sanction after being
Ledge, lej, n. A
shelf on which done. (Theol.) To interpret in a legal spirit. Le'-
;

—
to lay articles; whatever resem- gally, adc._ According to law lawfully. ;

bles such a shelf a ridge or ; Legate, leg'at, n. An embassador or envoy; esp. the
part projecting beyond the rest, pope's embassador to a foreign state. Lega'tion,n. —
as rocks'; a layer or stratum a ; The commissioning one person to act for another ;

small molding a piece against ; a legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with
which something rests. (Naut.) him in his mission; the official residence of a diplo-
A small timber athwart ships, matic minister at a foreign court.
under the deck, between the Legatee, Legator. See under Legacy.
beams. Legend, le'jend or lej'end, n. chronicle of the A
Ledger, lej 'er.n. A mercantile ac- lives of saints, formerly read at matins a story re- ;

count-book, in which all debits specting saints, esp., one of a marvelous nature; any
and credits from the journal remarkable story handed down from early times ;

are placed under- appropriate an inscription or motto, as on a coat of arms. Leg'- —

heads. (Arch.) A slab of stone, endary, -a-rt, a. Consisting of, or like, legends
such as is laid over a tomb a ; strange; fabulous; exaggerated; extravagant.— Leg/'-
piece of timber used in a scaf- ible, -T-bl, a. Capable of being read, or of being dis-
Lecturn.
folding. covered by apparent indications. Legibly, adv. —
Ledger-line, n. See Leger-line, under Legek. Leger. See Ledger.
Lee, le, n. ; pi. Lees, lez. That which settles at the Leger, lej'er, a. Light; slender; slight; unimportant;
bottom of a cask of liquor (esp. wine), etc.; sedi- trifling. —
Leger line. (Miis.) A line added above or
ment; dregs. below the staff to extend its compass. Legerde- —
Lee, le, n. (Naut.) A
place defended from the wind; main', -de-man'', n. A trick performed with such
that side of an object which is protected from the adroitness as to elude observation sleight of hand. ;

wind by the object itself; that quarter toward which Legging. See under Leg.
the wind blows, —
opp. to that whence it proceeds. Legible, etc. See under Legend.
— a. Of, or pert, to, the side opposite to that against Legion, le'jun, n. (Rom. Antiq.) A body of infantry,
which the wind blows. Lee'- — consisting of from 3,000 to 5,000 men a military ;

ward, loo'erd, a. Pert. to. or force a great number multitude.

; ;

in the direction of, the part

away fr. the wind. adv. To- — Legislate, lejls-lat, v. i. To enact a law or laws. Leg- — —
islation, n. Act of legislating, or enacting laws.
ward the lee. —
Lee'way, le /'- Legislative, -tiv, a. Giving laws pert, to the en-
wa, n. The lateral movement acting of laws; done by enacting. Legislatively, — ;

of a ship to the leeward of her adv. —Legislator, -tSr, n. A lawgiver ;

course, or the angle which the one who makes laws for a state or commu-
line of her way makes with her nity member of a legislative assembly.
;
—
keel; drift. Legislature, -chur, n. The body of men
Leech, lech, n. physician. A in a state empowered to make and repeal
(Zo'61.) An aquatic sucking laws. —
Legitimate, -jit'Y-mat, a. Accord-
worm, used for the local ab- ant with law lawfully begotten or born
; ;

straction of blood; blood-suck- genuine; real; following by logical or nat-

er. —
v. t. To treat with medi- ural sequence in accordance with estab-
;

cine; heal to bleed by means

; lished law acknowledged as conforming
of leeches.
;

to a rule or standard. v. t. To make law- —

Leech, lech, n. (Naut.) The ful, legalize to render legitimate; to com-
;

border of a sail at the sides. municate the rights of a legitimate child

Leek, lek, n. A
plant of the
Leek.
to one illegitimate.
onion family, having an ob- Legume, leg'tim or le-gum / n. (Bot.) A sim- Legume ',

long, edible bulb. (Allium porrum.) pie pod, which splits into 2 parts (by the
°
Leer, ler, [leered (lerd), leering.] To look ventral and dorsal sutures) and has the seeds at

sun, cabe, full ; moon, to"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LEISURE 224 LEVEE
tached at the ventral suture, as of the pea or bean. the moral, or to address the poem to a particular per-
pi. The fruit of leguminous plants of the pea kind; son; a conclusion; result.
pulse.— Legu 'urinous, -ml-nus, a. Pert, to, or con- Leo, le'o, n. (Astron.) The Lion, the 5th sign of the
sisting of, pulse. {Hot.) Bearing legumes, as seed- zodiac. — Le'onine, -nm, a. Pert, to, or like, a lion.
vessels. Leopard, lep'ard, n. A
carnivorous digitigrade mam-
Leisure, le'zhur,n. Freedom from occupation or busi- mal of the genus Felis : it is of a yellow or fawn col-
ness vacant time convenient opportunity con- or, with numerous black spots, and is found in Asia
—
; ; ;

venience ease. Lei' surely, a. Exhibiting, or em- and Africa.

;

ploying, leisure; deliberate; slow. adr. Slowly. — Leper, lep'er, n. One affected with leprosy. Lep'- —
Lemma, lem'ma, n. ; L. pi. -mata, -ma-ta: E. pi. -mas, rosy, -ro-sl, n. (Med.) A
name applied to several
-niaz. {Math.) A preliminary proposition demon- loathsome, incurable cutaneous or tuberculous dis-
strated for immediate use in the demonstration of eases, esp. one with progressive destruction of ex-
some other proposition. tremities, etc. a form of elephantiasis.
; Lep'rous, —
Lemming, Leming, lem'ming, n. rodent animal of A -rus, a. Infected with leprosy.
the far north, esp. of Europe, allied to the rat, which Leporine, lep'o-rm or -rln, a. Pert, to, or having the
periodically migrates southward in great swarms. nature or qualities of, the hare.
Lemon, lem'im, n. A
yellowish, oval fruit, with a very Lesion, le'zhun, n. A hurt; injury. (Law.) Loss or
acid pulp; the tree producing it.— Lem onade', -ad', injury from not receiving a full equivalent for what
n. A
beverage of lemon-juice and water, sweetened. one gives under an inequitable commutative con-
Lemur, le'inur, n. A
small nocturnal mammal of tract. (Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of
Madagascar, functions or texture of organs.
allied to the Less, les, a. Smaller; not so large or great, adv. —
monkey, but Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree. n. — A
having a smaller portion; the inferior younger. Less'en, ;
—
sharp, fox- les'n, v. t. [-sexed (-snd), -sexixg.J To make less
like muzzle. or smaller to reduce in size, quantity, number, or
;

— Lem'ures, amount, diminish in quality, state, or degree, re-

—
-u-rez, n. pi. duce in dignitj', abate, lower, degrade. v. i. To
Spirits or become less, contract, decrease, diminish. Less'- —
ghosts of the er, a. Less; smaller inferior. Lest, conj. That
; —
departed ; not for fear that.
;
—
Least, lest, a. Smallest; little
specters. beyond others, either in size or degree; of the small-
Lend, lend, v. t. est worth or importance, —
adv. In the smallest or
[LEXT, LEND- lowest degree.
ING.] To Lessee, Lessor. See under Lease.
grant to an- Lesson, les'n, n. Anything read or recited to a teach-
otherfortem- er by a pupil; something assigned to be learned or
taught at one time; instruction derived from expe-
rience, observation, or deduction a portion of Scrip- ;

of receiving Lemur, ture read in divine service severe lecture rebuke.

—
; ;

an equivalent in kind to loan to afford, grant, or v. t. [lessoxed (-nd), -oxixg.] To teach, instruct.
—
; ;

furnish to let for compensation.

; Loan, Ion, n. Lest. See under Less.
Act of lending thing lent; thins: furnished on con-
; Let, let, v. t. obsolete), letting.]
[let (letted is
dition that the specific thing shall be returned, or its To give leave or power \>y a positive act; or, nega-
equivalent in kind esp. money lent on interest tiveV, to withhold restraint not to prevent ; to
permission to use: grant of the use. v. t.
;

[loaned — permit, allow, suffer to grant possession and use

;

(lond), loaxixg.] To lend. v. i. To lend money — — for a compensation; to lease,

;

often followed by —
or other valuable property to negotiate a loan, out.
said of the lender.
;

Let, let, v. t. To retard, hinder, impede. n. hin- — A

Length, Lengthen, etc. Sec under Loxg. drance obstacle delay.
; ;

Lenient, le'nT-ent. a. Emollient softening mitiga- ; : Letch, lech, v. t. To leach. See Leach.
ting acting without rigor or severity mild clem-
; ; Lethal, le'thal, a. Deadly; mortal; fatal.
—
;

ent; merciful, n. (fled.) That which softens or Lethe, le'the, n. (Gr. Myth.) One of the rivers of
assuages an emollient. ; Le'ruently, adv. Len'- — — hell, causing fonretiulness of all that was past to
itive, -t-tiv, a. Having the quality of mitigating those who drank of it. Oblivion; a draught of ob-
(pain or acrimony); emollient. n. (Med.) — A livion; f orgetf ulness.— Leth'argy, -ar-jT, n. Preter-
medicine easing nam a mild purgative laxative. natural sleepiness morbid drowsiness dullness
That which tends to allay pussion a palliative.
;

;
;

— inattention apathy.
;
;

—
Lethax'gic, -gical, a. Given
; ;

Len^ity, -T-tT, Le'nience, -ency, -nT-en-sl, n. Mild- to, like, pert, to, or caused by, etc.
ness of temper gentleness of treatment kindness;
; ; Letter, let'ter, n. A mark or character, used as the
clemency; mercy. representative of an articulate elementary sound; a
Lens, lenz, n. ; pi. Lexses. (Opt.) A piece of glass, written message epistle; mere verbal expression;
;

or other transparent substance, literal meaning; exact signification. (Print.) char- A

ground with 2 opposite regular acter formed of metal or wood, used in printing ;

surfaces, used in optical instru- type used for printing,— spoken of collectively, pi.
ments for changing the direction Learning; erudition.— v. t. [lettered (-terd), -tek-
of rays of light, to magnify ob- ixg.] 1o impress or mark with letters.
jects or otherwise modify vision : Lettuce, let'tis, n. A
lactiferous plant, of many vari-
of spherical lenses, there are 6 eties, the slightly narcotic leaves of which are used
varieties, as shown in section in as salad, etc.
the figures, viz., o, plano-concave; Leucorrhoea, lu-kor-re'a, n. (Med.) Fluor albus; the
b, double-concave c, plano-con- ; whites: a morbid discharge of white, yellowish, or
vex d, double-convex e, menis- greenish mucus, from the vagina.
cus ;
;

/, concavo-convex. Len'-
;

— Levant, lev'ant, a. Eastern. Levant', n. The —

til, n. A
small leguminous plant; countries of Turkev, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece,
itsedible lens-shaped seeds.— Len- Egypt, etc., washed "by the eastern part of the Med-
tic'ular, a. Like a lentil in size iterranean. —
v. i. To abscond, decamp mysterious-
or form shaped like a double- ly. — f r. reports spread that absconders had gone to
—
;

convex lens. Lentig'inous, -tij'I-nus, a. Freckly; the Levant— Levant'er, n. A strong easterly wind
scurfy; furfuraceous. in the Mediterranean one who runs away without ;

Lent, lent, n. A
fast of 40 days, from Ash Wednesday paying wagers he has lost, or otherwise runs away
till Easter, commemorating our Savior's fast. disgracefully.— Levantine, le-vant'Tn orlev'ant-m,
Lent, lent, n. That which is loaned a loan. ; a. Pert, to the Levant.— n. A native or inhabitant
L'envoy, -voi, lax-vwa', n. One or more detached of the Levant; a kind of silk cloth.
verses at the end of a literary composition, to convey Levee, lev'e or le-ve', n. A
morning reception or as-

fcm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, Or 5
 LEVEL 225 LICENSE
sembly of visitors; any general gathering of guests; composing dictionaries principles in accordance
a bank or causeway, esp. along a river, to prevent in- j
;

with which dictionaries should be constructed. —

undation.— Lev'y, -T, v. t. [levied (-id), -ying.] Lexicographer, -ra-fer. n. The author or compiler
To raise, collect, —said of troops, to form into an of a dictionary. —
Lexicol'ogy, n. Science of the
army; to impose; to raise by assessment. (Law.) To derivation and signification of words.
gather or exact to erect, build, or set up; to attach
; Ley, li, n. Alkaline water: see Lye.
specific property for a debt, seize on execution.— Ley, le. A meadow: see Lea.
n. Act of taking by authority or force for public Liable, li'a-bl, a. Obliged in law or equity; answer-
service, as troops, taxes, etc. thing levied, as an ; able; accountable; responsible; bound; subject: ex-
army, tribute, etc. (Law.) The seizure of property posed,— used with reference to evils. Li 'ableness, —
on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants Liability, n. State of being, etc. responsibility; ;

for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. tendency; a state of being subject, pi. That which
Level, lev'el, a. Not having one part higher than one is under obligation to pay; debts. Liaison, le- —
another ;even flat smooth horizontal of the
: ; ; ; a-zawN', u. An intimacy; esp., an illicit intimacy
same height with anything else equal in rank or ; between a man and a woman. —Liana, le-a'na, Li-
degree, —v. t. [leveled (-eld;, -elixg.] To make ane, le-an', n. A luxurious woodv creeper, of
trop-
smooth, even, or horizontal to bring to the same ; ical forests.
height with something else, lay fiat, reduce to an Liar. See under Lie.
even surface or plane, or to equality of condition, Libel, li'bel, n. (Law.) A
defamatory writing: pub-
state, or degree; to point, in taking aim; to direct, lished defamation lampoon satire. (Civil Law
; ;

utter; to adapt to the capacity of. —v. i. To aim; and Courts of Admiralty.) A written declaration
to direct the view or purpose. n. A line or plane — by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the re-
everywhere parallel to the surface of still water, a — lief he seeks. Crime of publishing a defamatory
curve, the center of which coincides with the earth's writing.— v. t. [libeled (-beld), -belixg.] To de-
center; a horizontal line or surface a smooth or ; fame or expose to public hatred and contempt by a
even line, plane, or surface; equal elevation with writing, picture, sign, etc. (Law.) To proceed
something else; degree of energy, intensity, or at- against by filing a libel, esp. against a ship or goods.
tainment; rate; standard; quiet condition; position — Li'belous, -us, a. Defamatory-
of rest; rule plan; ; ». Liberal, lib'er-al, a. Free by birth; refined; befitting
scheme; line of direc- a freeman or gentleman; bestowing with a free
tion in which a mis- hand; open-hearted; not narrow in mind; catholic;
sive weapon is aimed. bountiful, —
said of a gift; profuse; not restricted;
(Mech.) An instru- not bound by orthodox or established tenets in po-
ment by which to find litical or religious philosophy friendly to great ;

a horizontal line, or freedom in the forms of administration "of govern-

adjust something with ment; not strict or literal, —
n. One who advocates
reference to such a freedom from restraint, esp. in political or religious
line. (Mining.) A hor-
a, spirit or air level 6, artillery
matters. — Liberality, -t-tl, n. Munificence boun- ;

izontal gallery or pas- ;

ty ; act of generosity; donation; gratuity; largeness
foot level
sage in a mine at a d, mason's level.
c, carpenter's level ;
of mind; catholicity; candor; impartiality. Lib- —
given depth; a drain- eralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To render lib-
age adit or drift. —
Lev'eler, n. One who levels or eral or catholic, free from narrow views or preju-
makes even one who attempts to destroy distinc- dices, enlarge. —
Lib'erally, adv. In a liberal man-
—
;

tions, and reduce to equality. Lev'eling, n. Re- ner: generously; with regard to other interests than
duction of uneven surfaces to a plane. (Surveying.) one'sown; with enlarged views; freely; not literally.
Art or operation of ascertaining the differences of — Lib'erate, -er-St, v. t. To release from restraint,
level between points of the earth's surface included manumit; disengage.
set at liberty, deliver, free,
in a survey. —
Lev'elness, n. Libera'tion, n. Act of delivering, or state of being
Lever, le'ver or lev'er, n. (Mech.) bar used over or A delivered, from restraint, confinement, or slavery.
against a fulcrum, to exert a pressure, overcome re- Lib'era'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.— Lib'ertine, -tin,
sistance, or sustain a weight. See Mechaxical Pow- n. (Horn. Antiq.) One manumitted, or set free from
ers. —Lev r erag6, -ej, n. Action of a lever; mechan- servitude a freedman. One free from restraint
; ;

ical advantage gained bv the use of, etc. one who leads a dissolute, licentious life a rake ;
—
;

Leveret, lev'er-et, n. A
hare in the first year of its age. debauchee a skeptic; free thinker.
; a. Free from
Leviathan, le-vi'ii-than, n. An aquatic animal, de- restraint; uncontrolled; dissolute; licentious.— Lib'-
scribed in the book of Job, Psalms, etc.; a crocodile, erty, -er-tT, n. State of one who is free ability to ;

whale, or other aquatic monster. do as one pleases; permission granted; leave; privi-
Levite, le'vit, n. (Jewish Hist.) One of the tribe or lege; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant;
family, or a descendant, of Levi; esp., one not in the place within which certain privileges or immunities
priesthood, but employed in certain subordinate du- are enjoyed, or jurisdiction is exercised; permission
ties of the tabernacle, and afterward the temple. to go about freely within certain limits, as in a place
Levrt'ical, -vTt'ik-al, a. Belonging, or relating, to of confinement limits within which such freedom
;

the Levites.— Levit'icus, n. The 3d book of theOld or privilege is had; freedom from, or neglect of ob-
Testament, containing the laws which relate to the servance of, the laws of etiquette, propriety, or
priests and Levites among the Jews. courtesy power of choice freedom from compul-
—
; ;

Levity, lev'T-tT, n. Want of weight in a body, com- sion or' constraint. Libidinous, -1-nus, a. Eager
pared with another that is heavier; lightness: buoy- for sexual indulgence; fitted to excite lustful desire;
ancy; frivolity; vanity; lightness of temper or con- lewd: lascivious; unchaste: licentious; salacious.
duct; want of seriousness^ disposition to trifle; in- Libra, li'bra, n. (Astron.) The Balance; the 7th sign
constancy volatility flightiness.
; ; in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal
Levy. See under Levee. equinox in September. —Li^brate, -brat, v. t. To
Lewd, lud, a. Given to the unlawful indulgence of poise, balance, hold in or bring to an equipoise. v. —
lust eager for sexual indulgence
; ; i. To move, as a balance, oscillate to be poised. ;

proceeding from or expressing lust Library, li'bra-rT, n. A

collection of books; an edifice
libidinous profligate
; dissolute
;

or apartment appropriated to books. Libra'rian, —

lascivious lecherous.
;
; ;

-rt-an, n. One who has care of a library. Libra'- —

Lewis, lu'is, Lew'isson, n. An iron rianship, n. Office of a librarian.— Librefto, n.
clamp dove-tailed into a large stone pi. -tos, -toz. (Mus.) A
book containing the words
to lift it by. of an opera or extended piece of music the words ;

Lexicon, leks'Y-kon, n. vocabulary, A themselves.

or book containing the words in a Lice. See Louse.
language, with definitions a dic- ; License, li'sens, n.Authority or liberty to do or for-
tionary esp. one of a foreign lan-
: bear any act; esp., formal permission from proper
guage,with Eng. definitions. Lex'- — Lewis. authorities to perform certain acts; written docu-
lcog'raphy, -ra-f T, n. Act or art of ment by which permission is conferred; excess of

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
15
 LICHEN 226 LIGHT
liberty; exorbitant freedom; disregard of law or pro- inwardly quickened, and actuated by divine influ-
priety; liberty taken by a poet or artist, v. t. [li- — ence or faith.— v. t. To spend (one's life); to act ha-
censed (-senst), -censing.] To permit by grant of bitually in conformity to. Living, a. Having —
authority to authorize to act in a particular char- life; lively; issuing continually from the earth; flow-
acter ;
;

to tolerate, permit. Licentious, -shus, a. — ing; producing action, animation, and vigor. n. —
Using license indulging too great freedom unre-
; ; Means of subsistence; livelihood; act of living, or
strained by law or morality; uncontrolled; ungov- living comfortably; in Eng., the benefice of a cler-
ernable wanton dissolute immoral.
: ; ; gyman; one who is, or those who are, alive. Live, —
Lichen, li'ken or lich'en, n. One of an order of cel- liv, a. Having life; full of earnestness; active; con-
lular, flowerless plants, having no distinction of leaf tainingfire; ignited; vivid; bright; glowing, as color.
and stem, growing on rocks, trees, etc., in the form — Livelihood. -H-h6t>d, n. Means of maintaining
of thin crusts, leaf-like expansions, or miniature existence support of life maintenance.
; Live'ly, ; —
shrubs. {Med.) A
cutaneous eruption, attended -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Endowed with or manifest-
with tingling and pricking. ing life; living; brisV: vivacious; active; gay; spir-
Lick, lik. v. t. [licked (likt), licking.] To pass or ited representing life ; life-like ; strong bright ;

—
;

draw the tongue over; to lap, take in by the tongue. vivid glowing. ; adv. With strong resemblance
— n. A
place where salt is deposited from springs, of life.— Live'liness, n. Quality or state of being
resorted to by animals, which lick the surface to ob- lively or animated spirit ; appearance of life, ani- ;

tain the salt. mation, or spirit; sprightliness; vivacity; smartness;

Lick, lik, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment; effervescence, as of liquors. Livelong, lTv'long, a. — —
to flog, beat, whip, castigate, —n. A blow. — Lick r- Long in passing; long as life lasting; entire. ;

ing, n. beating.A Live'-oak, n. {Bot.) An evergreen oak growing in

Licorice, lik'o-ris, n. {Bot.) hardy, herbaceous A the Southern States.
plant its sweet, mucilaginous root, used dry for
; Lift, lift. v. t. To raise, elevate, bring up to a higher
chewing, and in porter-brewing and medicinarcom- place; to exalt, improve in fortune, estimation, rank,
positions; a sweet, dark-colored, inspissated extract etc.; to cause to swell (with pride), elate. v. i. To —
of the root of this plant, used as a remedy for coughs exert strength for the purpose of raising something
or colds. heavy; to rise, be raised, seem to rise. n. Act of —
Lictor, lik'ter, n. {Rom. Antiq.) An officer who at- lifting; thing to be raised; assistance in lifting, and
tended the magistrates. in general. An elevator; lifter; a rise; degree of ele-
Lid, lid, n. A
movable cover, as of a vessel or box; vation.
cover of the eyes eyelid. ; Lift, lift, v. t. To take and carry away, remove, steal.
Lie, li, n. Water impregnated with alkali. See Lye. Ligate, li'gat, v. t. {Surg.) To tie with a ligature,
Lie, li, n. A criminal falsehood;
willful deceit; an in- bind around, bandage. — Lig'ament, n. Anything
tentional violation of truth anything which mis- ; that ties or unites one thing to another ; a bond.
leads, as false doctrine, etc. v. i. [lied (lid), ly- — {Anat.) A
strong, compact membranous or tendi-
ing.] To utter falsehood with an intention to de- nous substance connecting the ends of movable
ceive; to say or do anything with intent to deceive. bones, or holding viscera in place. Lig'ature, -a- —
— Li'ar, n. One who, etc. Lying, a. Addicted — chur, n. Anything that binds; act of binding state
to, etc. n. —
The practice of, etc. Ly'ingly, adv. — of being bound; stiffness. {Mus.) band or line con- A
;

Lie, li, v. i. limp, lay (la), p. p. lain (Ian) or ohs. necting notes. {Print.) double character, or a type A
lien (li'en), ly'ing.] To rest extended, as on the consisting of 2 or more letters united. {Surg.) A
ground, bed, or couch; to be in a horizontal position; string for tying blood-vessels, to prevent hemor-
to be situated; to abide, remain; to belong, pertain, rhage a thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.
— v.
;

consist; to lodge, sleep; to weigh, press. {Law.) To t. To ligate.

be capable of being maintained. Light, lit, n. That agent or force in nature which il-
Lief, lef, adv. Gladly; willingly; freely, used in the — luminates objects and renders them visible - ;

phrase, I had as li$f go as not. that which furnishes or is a source of light, r

Liege, lej, a. Bound by a feudal tenure; subject: en- the sun, a
forcing allegiance; sovereign. n. One who owes — candle,
allegiance; a vassal; a lord or superior; sovereign. — light-
Liege'man, n. ; pi. -men. vassal; subject. A house,
Lien, le'en or li'en, n. {Law.) legal claim a A : etc.; the
charge upon real or personal property for the satis- medium
faction of some debt or duty. thro ugh
Lieu, lu, n. Place room stead. Lieuten'ant, lu- or
; ; which
lef-ten'ant, n. An officer, civil or military, who sup- light is
plies the place of an absent superior a commis- ;
/""•'•------ Solar Ray of Li K ht, S eparatec
sioned officer next below a captain in the army, or nsTwfn'
as a win- \y b a ism ict0 the
lieutenant-commander in the navy. dow;hfe; primary colors.
Lieve. Same as Lief. existence;
P«f m
.

Life, llf, ».{ pi. Lives, livz. Animate existence; vital- that which «• :
c d spectrum;
- v, violet; t, ind.go ;
ity; the time during which this state continues; the makes b '
blue; 9 green; y y ellow' ' > °< orange ;
r, red.

present state of existence; sometimes, the perpetual clear to the intellect ; mental or spiritual illumi-
existence of the soul in the present and future state; nation enlightenment; instruction; information
; ;

external manifestation of life manner of living; ; esp. the source of moral enlightenment dawn of ;

conduct; a person or thing imparting spirit, vigor, day; open view; a visible state or condition pub- ;

or enjoyment; animation; vivacity; energy; the liv- licity; a time of prosperity and happiness. {Paint.)
ing form; reai person or state; a living person; ani- The manner in which the light strikes upon a pic-
mals in general, or considered collectively; narrative ture the illuminated part of a picture. The point
;

of a past life; biographical narration; happiness in of view in which anything is seen, or from which
the favor of God; heavenly felicity, disting. fr. eter- instruction or illustration is derived one who is
nal death position in society social state ; course
; ; conspicuous or noteworthy. a. Not dark or ob- — ;

of things human affairs ; that which is dear as

; scure; bright: clear; white or whitish; not intense
one's existence a darling. Lifeless, a.
; Dead — ; or very marked. v. t. [lighted or (less prop.) —
deprived of, or destitute of, life destitute of power, ; lit lighting.] To set fire to, kindle to give
—
; ;

vigor, or spirit insipid tasteless, as liquor ; want-

; ; light to to conduct with a light.
; Light'en, llt'n,
ing physical energy sluggish torpid inert dull ; ; ; ; ; v. i. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To burst forth or
frigid; vapid; flat; tasteless.— Live, liv, v. i. [lived dart, as lightning to shine like lightning, flash ; ;

(livd), living.] To have life, be animated; to pass to grow lighter, become less dark or lowering. v. t. —
one's life or time as to habits or constitution ; to To make light or clear, illuminate, enlighten: to il-
abide, dwell, reside to continue in existence, re- luminate with knowledge; to free from trouble and
main, last; to enjoy life; to feed, subsist, be nour-
;

fill with joy. Light'ness, n. —

Light 'some, -sum, —
ished; to be maintained in life, acquire a livelihood. a. Luminous; not dark. Light'-house, n. tower — A
{Script.) To be exempt from spiritual death; to be bearing a powerful light, to guide mariners at

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgrm ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r
 LIGHT 227 LIMIT
night. ship, Like, lik, v. t. [liked (likt), likixg.] To be pleased
-ves'sel, n. A with in a moderate degree to enjoy, —v. i. To be ;

vessel moored pleased; to choose.— n. liking; fancy: inclination. A

and serving as — Likely, a. Such as may be liked of honorable
a light-house.— or excellent qualities. Like'liness, n. The quali- — ;

-keep'er, n. One ties that please. —

Lik'ing, n. Inclination pleas- ;

in charge of a ure satisfaction in, or attraction toward, some ob-

;

light-house, ject.
light-ship, etc., Lilac, li'lak, n. A
shrub of the genus Syringa, a na-
and its illumin- tive of Persia with fragrant purple or white flowers.
ating appara- — a. Of the color of the purple lilac,
tus. wood, n. lilliputian, lil-Y-pu'shan, n. One of a diminutive race
Resinous wood, described in Swift's " Voyage to Lilliput " a per- ;

which kindles son of very small size. a. Of, or pert, to, the —
quickly and imaginary island of Lilliput; of very small size;
makes a Dright pigmy; diminutive; dwarfed.
blaze.— Lighte- Lilt, lilt, v. i. To sing cheerfully, — n. A song.
ning, n. A dis- Lily, lil'T, n. A perennial, herbaceous,
bulbous plant
charge of at- of many having showy white or colored
species,
mospheric elec- flowers, some being very fragrant.
tricity, accom- Limb, lim, n. An extremity of the human body, as the
panied by aviv- Light-house. arm or leg a member; branch of a tree larger than
;

id flash of a twig^ any thing or person regarded as a part of

;

light. —
Light'ning-rod, An insulated metallic something else. (Bot.) The border or upper spread-
rod erected" to protect buildings, vessels, etc., from ing part of a monopetalous corol, or of a petal, or
lightning. sepal; blade.— v. t. [limbed (limd), limbing (limb-
Light, lit, a. Having little weight ; not heavy easy ing).] To supply with limbs to dismember, tear
to be lifted, borne, or carried, or to be suffered or
;

off the limbs of —

Lim'ber, n. {Mil.) The for-
.
;

performed, or to be digested; containing little nutri- ward part of a gun-carriage, to

ment armed with weapons of little weight clear
; ; which the horses are attached,
of impediments; active; nimble; not deeply laden; and from which the gun is de- V
not sufficiently ballasted slight trifling not im- ; ; ; tached (unlimbered) when in
portant; not dense not gross inconsiderable not ; ; ; action. A shaft of a carriage.
strong; moderate; easy to admit influence; inconsid- (Naitt.) A gutter
beside the
erate unsettled; volatile; wanting dignity or solidi- keelson for bilge-water; a board
;

ty; trifling; gay; airy; wanton; unchaste; not of legal covering such gutter. v. t. — Limber.
weight; diminished; loose; sandy: easily pulverized; [limbered (-berd), -berixg.] — To attach a limber
dizzy. [Light is used in the formation of many com- to.
pounds of obvious signification as, light-armed, Limb, lim, n. (Astron.) The border of the disk of a
—
;

light-bodied, light-spirited, etc.] Light'ly, adv. heavenly body, esp. of the sun and moon edge of
—
;

With little weight; without deep impression ; with- a graduated circle in an instrument. Lim'bo, n.
out dejection cheerfully with little effort or diffi-
; ; (Scholastic Theol.) A region bordering on hell. A
culty; easily ; readily without reason; wantonly place of confinement.
nimbi v with agility with levity without care.
;

— ;

Limber, of apn. See under Limb.

;

Lightness, lifnes, n. Want of weight inconstan-

; ;

; Limber, lim'ber, a. Easily bent flexible pliant. ; ;

—
cy levity wantonness lewdness agility ease ; v. t. [limbered (-berd), -berixg.] To cause to be-
—
; ; ; ;

—
;

facility. Light'en, lit'n, v. t. To make lighter, come limber. Lim'berness, n.

or less heavy to reduce in weight to make less Lime, lim, n. A viscous substance laid on twigs for
;

burdensome or afflictive ; to cheer, exhilarate.

;

— catching birds; bird-lime oxide of calcium a brit- ; ;

Lighfer, lifer, n. One who, or that which, etc. tle, infusible, white, caustic substance obtained by
(Jfavt.) A
bartre used in lightening or unloading calcining limestone, shells, etc., and used in making
ships, also, in loading them. mortar, etc. the principal constituent in marble,
;

Light, lit, v. i. [lighted or (less prop.) lit, light- chalk, bones, shells, etc.— v. t. [limed (limd), lim-
ing.] To come to by chance happen to find, fall ; ; ing.] To smear with a viscous substance; to entan-
to stoop from flight, settle, rest; to alight. gle, insnare; to manure with lime; to cement.
Lignaloes, iTn-aKoz or lig-naKoz, n. Aloes-wood. prop. Lim'y, -T, a. Covered with, containing, or like
the agallochum, a tree of India, whose decaying lime; viscous. —
Lime'kiln, -kil, n. A kiln or fur-
timber develops a fragrant — Lig'neous. -ne-us, oil. nace in which limestone or shells are burnt to make
a. of, consisting of, or resembling, wood
Made lime.— Lime'stone, n. Any kind of stone consisting
woody. — Lig'nite, -nit, n. (Min.) Mineral coal ;

largely of carbonate of lime, esp. those varieties used

retaining the texture of the wood from which was it in making lime.
formed. — Lig'nose, -nos, a. Ligneous. — n. An Lime, lim, n. The European linden tree ; the Amer. .

explosive compound of wood fiber and nitro-glycer- bass wood.

ine, q. v. — Lig num-vi tse, A tree of trop- A fruit allied to the lemon, but smaller,
/ ,r
n. -te, Lime, lim, n.
ical America, from which the guaiacum of medicine and more intensely sour.
is procured its hard wood is used for various me-
: Limit, lim'it, n. That which termi-
chanical purposes. nates, circumscribes, restrains, or
Lignre, li'gur or lig'ur, n. kind of precious stone. A confines; bound, border, or edge.
Like, lik, a. Equal in quantity, quality, or degree ; (Logic & Metaph.) distinguish- A I

having resemblance similar likely probable in- ing characteristic a differential.

clined or disposed to. n. A counterpart an exact
;

— ; ;

;
;

(Ifath.) A
determinate quantity,
;

resemblance; copy. —adv. In a similar manner; in to which a variable one continu-

a manner becoming likely probably. Likely, ; — ally approaches, but can never
— v.
;

a. (^-lier. -liest.] Worthy of belief probable go beyond it. t. To bound

credible having or giving reason to expect, fol-
;

— ;

set bounds to to confine within

;

—
; ;

lowed by an infinitive well adapted. Like'lihood, ; certain bounds to restrain to; ;

-lT-hdt>d, -liness, n. Appearance of truth or reality ; confine the signification of, de-
probability verisimilitude.— Like'wise, -wiz, conj.
; fine exactly. — Lim'itary, -a-rY, a.
in like manner also moreover too. Like'ness, ; ; ; — Placed at the limit, as a guard;
Lime.
n. State of being like resemblance that which re- ; ; confined within limits limited in
—
;

sembles or copies; esp. a portrait of a person, or extent, authority, power, etc. Limita /'tion, n. Act
picture of a thing similarity; parallel; similitude; of, condition of being, or means of, etc.; restraining
—
;

representation. Lik'en, llk'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), condition defining circumstance. (Laiv.)

; cer- A
-enixg.] To make like; to represent as like or sim- jy statute after which the els
tain period limited Dy
ilar ; to compare. ant shall not enforce his claims by suit.

sun. cube, full ; m<35n, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 LIMN 228 LIQUEFY
Limn, lim, v. t. [limned (limd), lim'ning.] To draw Relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of lan-
or paint; esp. to paint in water colors ; to illuminate guages. —
Linguist'ics, n. sing. Science of lan-
(books or parchments). Lim'ner, n. One who — guages, or of the origin, signification, and applica-
decorates books with initial pictures a portrait or ; tion of words. —
Lin'go, n. Language; speecn; dia-
miniature painter. lect.
Limonite, lim'o-nit, n. Hydrous sesquioxide of iron; Liniment, lin'T-ment, n. soft anodyne or stimula- A
brown hematite or bog ore. ting ointment or embrocation, with which diseased
Limp, limp, v. i. [limped (limt), limping.] To halt; parts are rubbed.
—
walk lamely. n. A halt act of limping. ; Lining. See under Line.
Limp, limp, a. Lacking stiffness flexible limpsy. ; ; Link, link, n. A single ring of a chain anything
—
;

Limp'sy, Lim'sy, a. Weak flexible flimsy. ; ; doubled and closed like a link. Anything connect-
Limpet, lim'pet, n. An edible gasteropodous univalve ing or binding one thing to another; any constituent
mollusk, found adhering to rocks. part of a connected series. (3fech.) Any interme-
Limpid, hm'pid, a. Characterized by clearness or diate rod or piece transmitting motive power from
transparency; pellucid; pure; crystal translucent. ; one part of a machine to another. {Surveying.') The
Limy. See under Lime. length of one joint of Gunter's chain 7.92 inches. =
Linchpin, lincb/pin, n. A pin to prevent the wheel of — v.t. [linked (linkt), linking.] To unite or con-
a carriage from sliding off the axletree. nect by something intervening; to join, couple. v. —
Linden, lin^den, n. European tree, having paniclesA i. To be connected. —
Link -mo'tion, n. (Steam-
of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves; in Eng.) A
Amer., the basswood. valve gear
Line, lin, n. A
linen thread or string any slender, ; consisting .

strong cord or rope a thread-like mark of the pen, ; of two ec-

pencil, or graver. (Math.) That which has length, cen t ri cs
but not breadth or thickness. The exterior limit and their
of a figure boundary contour ; a long thread-like
; ; rods, so con-
mark upon the face or hand ; lineament ; a straight nected b y
row a continued series or rank supply of a vari-
; ; a n adjust-
ety of goods in some department of trade; the num- able piece,
ber of shares taken by a stock broker a short let- ; called the Link-motion.
ter, note. Course of conduct, thought, occupation, link, to the
or policy, directed toward an object department ; valve, as to reverse the steam when the engine is in
ancestry or descendants of a given person ; family motion.
to which one belongs a connected series of pub- ; Link, link, n. A
torch made of tow and pitch. —
lic conveyances an established arrangement for
; Link^boy, -man, n. One who carried a torch to
forwarding merchandise. (Poet.) Averse. (Geog.) light passengers.
The equator, —
usually called the line, or equinoc- Linnsean, -nean, lin-ne'an, a. Pert, to Linnseus, the
tial line. (Script.) That which is measured by a botanist. —
Linnsean system. (Bot.) The system in
line or cord boundary ; place of abode instruc-
; ; which the classes are founded upon the number of
tion, doctrine. (Mach.) Proper adjustment of parts, stamens, and the orders upon the pistils the artifi- ;

for smooth working. (Mil.) The regular infantry cial or sexual system.
of an army. (Fort.) trench or rampart pi. dis- A ; Linnet, Linseed, Linsey-woolsey, Lint. See under
positions covering extended positions, and present- Linen.
ing a front in but one direction to an enemy. The Linstock, lin'stok, n. A
pointed or forked staff, to
12th of an inch. —v. t. [lined (lind), lining.] To hold a lighted match, used in firing cannon.—
mark out or cover with lines; to cover on the inside; Lintel, lin'tel, n. (Arch.) horizontal timber or A
to put inside of to place along the side of for de- stone over a door, window, etc.
fense; to read or repeat line by line.
;

Linkage, — Linter, linger, n. A row of stalls for cattle in a barn.

lTn'e-ej, n. Race fprogeny descent in a line from ; Lion, li'un, n. A
carnivorous feline mammal of great
a common progenitor. Lin'eal, a. Composed of size and strength, found
lines descending in a direct line from an ances-
; in Asia and Africa the ;

tor hereditary in the direction of a line pert, to, puma of S. America.

—
; ; ;

or ascertained by, a line. Lin'oally, adv. In a (Astron.) The 5th sign

direct line. —
Lin^eament. -e-a-ment, n. The outline in the zodiac, Leo. An
of a body or figure, esp. of the face feature form ; object of interest and
—
; ;

mark. —
Lin'ear, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, etc. curiosity. Li'oness, n.
in a straight direction. Lin'eate, -e-at, -ated, a. — ;

The female of the lion

(Bot.) Marked longitudinally with depressed paral- kind. —
Li'onize, v. t.
lel lines. —
Linking, linking, n. The covering of the [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To
inner surface of anything. treat as a lion, or object
Linen, linden, n. Thread or cloth made of flax; un- of interest.
derclothing, esp. shirts, as being orig. chiefly made Lip, lip, n. One of the 2
of linen. a. —
Made of, or like, etc. Lino'leum, — fleshy parts composing Lion.
-le-um, n. A kind of floor-cloth made with hardened the exterior of the mouth in man and many other
or oxidized linseed oil.— animals the mouth organs of speech sometimes
; ; ;

Lin'net, n. A small Euro speech itself; the edge of anything, v. t. [lipped —

pean singing bird. — Lin'' (lipt), lipping.] To touch with the lips, kiss to ;

seed, n. Flaxseed.— Lin' speak.

sey-wooPsey, -sT-wdoPsT.a Liquefy, lik'we-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -eying.] To
Made of linen and wool: melt, dissolve esp. to melt by the sole agency of
of different and unsuita heat or caloric v. i.
;

—
To become liquid.— Liq'ue-
ble parts; vile; mean. — n. fac'tion, n. Act or operation of, or state -of being,
Stuff made of linen and Linnet, etc. —
Liq'uefa'cient, -shent, n. That which serves
wool mixed. Lint, n. —
Flax; linen raveled, or to liquefy. —
Liq'uid, -wid, a. Having liquidity;
- scraped into a soft substance, and used for dressing fluid; flowing smoothly or easily; sounding agree-
wounds and sores. ably to the ear; pronounced without harshness, n. —
Ling, ling, n. An edible marine fish, more slender A substance whose parts change their relative posi-
than the cod, and having only 2 dorsal fins. tion on the slightest pressure and retain no definite
Linger, lin'ge'r, v. i. [-geked (-gerd), -gering.] To form; a fluid not aeriform. (Gram.) Aletterwhich
delay, loiter; to be in suspense, hesitate; to remain has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly
long in any state. Lin'gering, n. —
delaying; tar- A after a mute, —
in Eng., I, m, n, r. Liq'uidate, -wt- —
diness; protraction. dat, v. t. To make liquid; to clear from obscurity;
Lingual, hh'gwal, a. Pert, to the tongue. n. let- — A to ascertain the precise amount of; to settle, adjust,
ter pronounced with the tongue. Lin'guist, -gwist, — pay. Liquida'tion, n. Act of, etc.; esp. of adjust-
n. One skilled in language? t.™«m««s/i« -ical, n
Linguistic, .i^ai a. — ing debts. —Liquidity, -T-ti, n. State of being liq-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 LIQUORICE 229 LIVERY
uid; fluidity; quality of being smooth and flowing; Lithographer, -ra-fer, n. One who practices lithog-
.

agreeableness of sound. —
Liq'uor, lik'er, n. Any raphy.— Lithographic, -ical, a. Pert, to lithogra-
liquid or fluid substance; esp. alcoholic or spirituous phy; engraved upon, or printed from, stone. Lith- —
fluid, distilled or fermented; a decoction, solution, iii/r:t/,/iir limestone. (Min.) A compact fine-grained
or tincture. —
Liqueur, le-ker', n. delicate prepa- A limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and Oo-
ration of distilled spirits, usually flavored with fruits lite, esp. of Bavaria, used in lithography. — Lith-
and aromatic substances. oglaphy, -ft, n. Art or process of writing or draw-
Liquorice. See Licokice. ing upon stone with a greasy composition, and of
Lira, le'ra, n. ; pi. -re, -ra. An Italian coin 1 = obtaining printed impressions therefrom on a litho-
French franc =
19| cents. graphic press. — LithoKogy, -jf, n. Science of the
Lisp, lisp, v. i. [lisped (lispt), lisping.] To give s characteristics and classification of rocks. (Med.) A
or z the sound of th, th, or dh ; to speak imperfectly treatise on stones found in the body. —
Lithof-
or with hesitation; to make feeble beginnings or im- omy, -o-mi, n. (Surg.) Operation, art, or practice
perfect efforts. v. t.— To pronounce with a lisp. — of cutting for stone in the bladder. —
Lithotlity,
n. Habit or act of lisping. -rY-tT, n. Operation of breaking a stone in the blad-
Lissom. See under Lithe. der into pieces that may be voided.
List, list, n. The outer edge or selvage of cloth; strip Lithuanian, lith-u-a'ni-an, a. Of or pert, to Lithua-
of cloth forming the border a boundary border. ; nia, a part of the Russian and Prussian territory
—
;

(Arch.) A
little square molding; fillet, —v. t. To bordering on the Baltic sea. n. The language of,
sew (strips of cloth) together; to form a border; to etc., now extinct, a branch of the Slavonic closely
cover or pack (a crack) with list or with strips of akin to the Lettish of Courland and Livonia, and to
cloth; to mark as if with list. Same — Listing, n. the Old Prussian.
as List. —
List'el, n. (Arch.) fillet. A Litigate, lift-gat, v. t. To contest in law, engage in a
—
List, list, n. A
roll; catalogue; register; inventory.— lawsuit, prosecute or defend in a court of justice.
—
v. t. To place in a list or catalogue; to enlist; to v. i. To carry on a suit by j udicial process. Lif-
engage in the public service, —v. i. To enlist. igant, a. Disposed to litigate; engaged in a lawsuit.
List, list, n. A
line inclosing or forming the extrem- — n. A
person engaged in a lawsuit. —
Litigalion,
ity of a field of combat j)l. the ground or field n. Act or process of litigating; a suit at law; judi-
inclosed for a race or combat.
;

— v. t. To inclose for cial contest. —Litigious, -tijlis, a. Inclined to

combat. litigation; quarrelsome; contentious; subject to con-
List, list, v. i. To desire, choose, please. Listless, — tention; disputable; pert, to legal disputes.
a. Lit., devoid of desire; weary; not attending in- Litmus, litlrius, n. A
coloring matter obtained from
different to what is passing languid indolent.
;

several lichens. —
Litmus paper. Unsized paper pre-
List, list, n. (Naut.) An
inclination to one side,
; ;

— pared with litmus for use as a delicate chemical test:

said of a ship. blue litmus paper turns red when it touches an acid,
List, list, Listen, lis'n, v. i. [listened (-nd), -en- and the red paper turns blue when exposed to an
ing.] To attend closely with a view to hear; to alkali.
hearken; to yield to advice, obey. Litre, liler or lelr, n. Same as Liter.
Litany, lifa-nT, n. A solemn form of supplications Litter, lifter, n. A
portable bed or stretcher for car-
for mercy and deliverance, used in public worship; rying a person, esp. a sick person; bedding of straw
esp. the responsive form of general supplication in for animals; a covering of straw for plants; a con-
the Book of Common Prayer. fused mass of objects little valued scattered rub-
;

Liter, liler or letter, n. A

metric measure of capaci- bish; a condition of disorder or confusion; number
ty =1 cubic decimeter =61.016 cubic inches, or 2.113 of pigs, etc., born at once. —
?;, t. [littered (-terd),
Amer. pints =
61.027 cubic inches. -tering.] To supply with litter; to scatter things
Literal, lifer-al, a. According to the letter; real; not over in a slovenly manner; to give birth to.— v. i.
figurative or metaphorical; following the letter or To produce a litter.
exact words not free consisting of, or expressed Litterateur. See under Literal.
—
; ;

by, letters. Liferally, adv. According to the Little, litl, a. [less, least.] Small in size or ex-
primary and natural import of words; word by tent; diminutive; short in duration; brief; small in
—
word; exactly. Lit'eralism,-izm,M. Adherence to quantity or amount; small in dignity, power, or im-
the letter; a mode of interpreting literally. Lit'- — portance; insignificant; contemptible; small in force
eralist, n. One who adheres to the exact word; an or efficiency; weak; slight; petty; small in generos-
interpreter according to the letter. laterality, n. — ity; mean.— n. Asmall quantity, amount, space,
Quality of being literal. —
Liberalize, v. t. [-ized etc.; small degree or scale; miniature. —
adv. In a
(-Izd), -izinu.] To interpret or put in practice ac- small quantity or degree; not much; slightly.—
cording to the strict meaning of the words.— Lif- Lit lioness, n. State or quality of being little; small-
erary, -er-a-rY, a. Pert, to or connected with litera- ness; want of grandeur; insignificance; meanness.
ture or men of letters; versed or engaged in litera- Littoral, litlo-ral, a. Of, pert, to, or inhabiting a
ture; consisting in letters or compositions. Lit- — s-hore, as of the sea; pert, to the zone on a sea-coast,
eralus, n. ; pi. -ati, -ti. learned man; man of A between high and low water mark.
erudition. —
Litterateur, le-ta-ra-ter r ,n. One versed Liturgy, lifer-jt, n. The established formulas for
in literature; a literary man.—
Lit'erate, -er-at, a. public worship in churches using prescribed forms.
Instructed in learning and science; learned let- ; (Rom. Caih. Church.) The mass, or entire ritual.
tered.— n. In Eng., orre educated, but not having — Litur'gic, -gical, a. Pert, to a liturgy, or to public
taken a university degree a literary man. Lit- — worship.
—
;

eralim, adv. Letter for letter. Lit'erature, -er-a- Live, Lively, etc. See under Life.
chur, n. Learning acquaintance with letters or
; Liver, liv'er, n. (Anat.) Alarge abdominal organ or
books; the collective body of literary productions; fland, which secretes the bile or gall: in the human
the class of writings disting. for beauty of style or ody it is the largest gland, and is situated immedi-
expression, as poetry, essays, history; belles-lettres. ately beneath the diaphragm.
Lithe, lith, a. Capabk of being easily bent; pliant; Livery, liv'Sr-i, n. (Eng. Law.) Act of delivering pos-
flexible; limber. —
Lithe'ness, n. Lithe'some, — session of lands or tenements; writ by which posses-
-sum, Lis'som, a. Pliant; limber; nimble. sion is obtained. Deliverance formerly that which
;

Lit hie, lithlk, a. -Consisting of, or pert, to, stone, esp. is delivered out statedly, as clothing, food, etc.; esp.
to stone in the bladder; uric. n. (Med.) medi- — A the peculiar dress by which the servants of a house-
cine preventive of, etc. —
Lith'arge, -arj, n. Semi- hold are distinguished; peculiar dress appropriated
crystalline or partially fused yellow or red protoxide by any body of persons to their own use; company
of lead, used in glass-making, etc. Lithium, -i- — of those wearing such a garb; any characteristic
um, n. (Chem.) A
very soft metal, the lightest — dress or outward appearance an allowance of food
;

solid known. — r
Lith / ofrac' teur, -frakler, n. An statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to ser-
explosive compound of nitroglycerine, q. v. — Lith''- vants, to horses, etc.; release from wardship.—?;, t.
ograph, -graf, [-graphed (-graft), -graphing.]
v. t. To clothe in livery. — Liv'ery-sta'ble, n. A
stable
Iq trace on stone, and transfer to paper, etc., by where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling
printing. — n. A print from a drawing on stone. — is provided.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LIVID 230 LOCUST
Livid, liv'id, a. Black and blue; of a lead color; dis- Lobster, lob'ster, n. An edible, fan-tailed, stalk-eyed,
colored, as bruised flesh. decapod crustacean, with
Livre, li'ver or le'vr, n. A
French money of account, large claws, —
one of the
afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous, or 18J cents. scavengers of the sea.
Lixivial, etc. See under Lye. Local, lo'kal, a. Pert, to a""
Lizard, liz'ard, ?i. A
four-footed ,,.';. .) particular place, or to a
reptile, having an elongate, ^-V"'' '
limited portion of space;
round body, long tail, head --- confined to a spot, place,
covered with polygonal plates, ;<fmj or definite district. Lo- —
and a free tongue, more or less «£ cality, -I-ti, n. Exist-
divided at the end. (Naut.) A ence in a place, or in a
Lobster.
piece of rope with thimbles or certain portion of space;
blocks attached by spliced position; situation; limitation to a county, district,
legs. .Lizard. or place. —
Lo'calize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To
Llama, la/ma, n. (Zool.) An
ungulate ruminating fix in, or assign to a definite place; to discover the
mammal, of S. Amer., allied to place of. —
Lo'calty^adf. With respect to place; in
the camel and alpaca: it was place. —
Lo'cate, -kat, v. t. To place, set a par- m
the only beast of burden of the ticular position to designate the site or place of ;
;

aborigines, and is still used in to designate by limits to select or determine the

parts of the Andes too rough bounds or place of. — ;

Loca'tion, n. Act of placing,

and steep for any other animal, or of designating a place place where something ;

Lo, lo, interj. Look; see; behold, spoken of is fixed a tract of land designated in
;

observe. place. (Civil Law.) A

leasing on rent. (Amer. Law.)
Loach, loch, n. A
small food-fish, The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying
allied to the minnow, inhabit Llama. the site, of a piece of land, according to the descrip-
ing clear streams. tion given in an entry, plan, map, etc.— Lo'cative,
Load, lod, n. A
burden; that which is laid on or put -ka-tiv, a. (Gram.) indicating place, or the place
in anything for conveyance a weight quantity where, or wherein. —
Locomo'tion, n. Act or power
;

which one can carrv; contents of a cart, barrow, or

;

of moving from place to place. Locomo'tive, -tiv, —

vessel; lading; weight; cargo; a heavy burden that ;
a. Changing, or able to change, place; occupied in
which oppresses the mind a particular measure produ-
for certain articles, — ;

as much as is commonly car- cing mo-

ried at one time; the charge of a fire-arm. —v. t. To tion, or in
lay a burden on, cause to bear, furnish with a cargo;
to weigh down, encumber, bestow in abundance;
to add to the weight of, by some extraneous addi-
tion; to charge (a gun) with powder, etc.
Load-, Lodestar, lodestar, n. The star that leads; pole-
star. —Load'-, Lode'stone, n. (Min.) Magnetic
iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle.
Loaf, lof, n.; pi. Loaves, lovz. Any thick lump or
mass esp., a regularly shaped or molded mass, as
;

of bread, sugar, or cake.

Loaf, lof, v. i. [loafed (loft), loafing.] To spend
time in idleness; to lounge, loiter. v. t. —
To pass in
idleness, waste lazily. —
Loaf'er, n. An idle man; a C, ohimney
lazy lounger; one who lives by sponging; a vagrant. sand-boz F, cab ; G. cylinder ; OP, feed-
;

Loam, lom, n. A
rich friable soil chiefly composed of pipe T, steam-chest ; UU, parallel rod
;

VG, piston-rod ; W, ash-pan.

silicious sand, clay, carbonate of lime, and humus.
— v. t. [loamed (lomd), loaming.] To cover with passengers, or to draw railroad cars.
loam. Loch, lok, n. A lake; a bay or arm of the sea.
Loan. See under Lend. Lock, lok, n. Anything that fastens; esp. a fastening
Loath, loth, a. Filled with aversion: unwilling; back- for a door, Lid, etc., in which a bolt is projected or
ward; reluctant. —
Loathe, loth, v. t. [loathed withdrawn by, or in connection with, the action of
(lothd), loathing.] To have an extreme aversion a separate piece, called a key ; a fastening together;
of the appetite to food or drink: to dislike greatly, state of beingfixed orimmovable; a place locked up;
hate, abhor, detest, abominate. — Loath'er, n. — barrier confining the water of a stream or canal; in-
Loath'ful, -ful, a. Full of loathing; exciting dis- closure in a canal with gates at each end, used in
gust; disgusting. —
Loath'some, -sum, a. Causing |
raising or lowering boats from one level to another;
to loathe exciting disgust, hatred, or abhorrence
; ; that part of a fire-arm containing the apparatus for
exploding the charge.— v. t. [locked (lokt), lock-
j

odious.
Loaves. See Loaf. ing.] To fasten with a lock and key; to fasten so
Lob, lob, n. A dull, heavy, sluggish person; something J
as to impede motion: to confine, close fast, encircle,
thick and heavy.— f. t. To let fall heavily or lazily. or inclose; to furnish with locks, as a canal, —v. i.
Lobby, lob'M, n. {Arch.) An inclosed place comma- !
To become fast; to unite closely by mutual inser-
meeting with one or more apartments; a hall or tion. —Lock'er, n. A
close place, as a drawer or
compartment in a ship, that may be closed with a
j

waiting-room. That part of a hall of legislation not

appropriated to the official use of the assembly; fre- j
lock: a cupboard. —
Lock'et, n. catch to fasten a A
quenters of such a place for business with legisla- necklace, etc.; a little gold case worn as an orna-
tors. (Naut.) An apartment before the captain's ment, containing a lock of hair, miniature, etc.
cabin. v. i. [lobbied (-bid), -by- Locked'-, lokt'-, Lock'-jaw, n. (Med.) A painful
ing.] To solicit members of a legis- and often fatal variety of tetanus, in which the jaws
lative body, with a view to influence are immovably
their_votes. closed.
Lobe, lob, n. Any projection or divis- Lock, lok, n. tuft, A
ion, esp. of a rounded form. Lobed, — tress, or ringlet of
lobd, Lo'bate, -bated, -ba-ted, a. hair; a flock of
Consisting of, or having, lobes.— wool; a small
Lob'ule, -ul, n. A
small lobe. quantity, as of
Lobelia, lo-beli-a, n. (Bot.) genus A hay.
of plants, including many species, Locomotion, Loco-
one of which is used in medicine as T- ,, T E^..re, etc. See
an emetic, expectorant, etc.; some -L'ODare -L-eai. under Local. Locust.
are very poisonous, and others are prized for their Locust, lo'kust, n. (Entom.) jumping, orthoptier- A
flowers. ous insect, of several species, some of which are

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 LOCUTION 231 LOOK
popularly called grass-hoppers: some species swarm questered ; secluded. — Lone'some, -sum, a. Se-
periodically in countless mimbers, devouring every- cluded from society; solitary; dismal; lonely.
thing before them; also, incorrectly, the harvest-fly. Long, long, a. [longer (lon'ger), longest (lorj'-
(Bot.) The locust-tree. — Lo'cust-tree, n. A legu- gest).] Drawn out in a line; protracted; extended
minous tree of several genera, esp. a N. Amer. tree, in time; faraway; distant; extended to any speci-
producing large, slender racemes of white, fragrant fied measure; slow in coming; continued through a
flowers. considerable time, or to a great length; far-reaching;
Locution, lo-ku'shun, n. Speech, or discourse; phrase. extensive. (Stock Exchange.) Holding a quantity
Lode, lod, n. (Mining.) A
regular vein or course, of stock; having bought stock on time, which may
whether metallic or not. A
cut or reach of water. — be called for at pleasure. —
adv. To a great extent
Lodestar, Lodestone. Same as Loadstar and Load- in space or in time; at a point of duration far dis-
stone.
Lodge, loj, v. t. [lodged (lojd), lodging.] To de-
posit for preservation; to infix, throw in, plant; to
tant ;

—
through the whole extent.— Long'-boat, n.
A ship's largest boat. head'ed, a. Having fore-
thought and sagacity or great penetration of thought;
fix in the heart, mind, or memory; to furnish with a. discerning. measure, n. Lineal measure; the
temporary habitation, harbor, cover. v. i. To re-
side, dwell; to rest or dwell for a time; to sink or be
— measure of length. —
printer, n. {Print.) A kind
of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois.
beaten down, as grain. ?;. —
A place in which one primer.
may find shelter, as, a small house in a park or for- (gfT This line is in long
est; or the house of the gate-keeper on an estate; a
j

— L.-sight'ed, a. Able to see at a great distance; of

local branch of a secret association, as of the Free- acute intellect; sagacious; far-seeing; able to see ob-
masons, etc.; or the place in which they assemble. jects distinctly at a distance, but not close at hand. —
—
!

Lodg'er, n. One who lodges, esp. one who lives -wind'ed, a. Long-breathed; tediously protracted in
—
!

in a hired room, or who has a bed in another's house speaking, argument, or narration. Length, length,
for a night; one who resides in any place for a time.
j

n. The longest measure of any object,— disting. fr.

— Lodg /ing, n. A place of residence for a time; har-
\

i depth, thickness, breadth, or width ; extent from end

bor; cover.— Lodgement, n. Act of, or state of be- |
to end; extent of space or time; a subdivision of a
ing, etc. a lodging-place
; room accumulation of
; I
thing, as of a fence; long continuance; detail or am-
—
;

something deposited or remaining at rest. {Mil.) plification. Length / en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en-
Occupation of a position, by a besieging party. ing.] To extend in length, elongate; to extend in
j

Loft, loft, n. That which is lifted up; an elevation; time, protract to occupy time with, expand to
esp. the space under a roof; a gallery in a church,
j
;

draw out in pronunciation. v. i. — To grow Ion

;

hall, etc.; a floor or room placed above another.—

j

ger, extend in length. —

Longevity, -jev'I-tl, n
Loffy, -i, a. [-iek, -iest.] Lifted high up tower- ; Length of life. —
LoDgi-
ing elevated in character or rank, language or ros'ter,-jT-ros"'ter, n. One
'

style ; tall ; exalted ; dignified ; stately ; majestic ; of a tribe of grallatory

haughty. birds, having long, slender
Log, log, n. A bulky stick of wood or timber. (Navt.) beaks, which they thrust
An apparatus for measuring the into the mud in search of
rate of a ship's motion through the food, as the snipes, etc.
water; journal of a ship's progress, — Lon'gitude, -jT-tud, n.
etc.; log-book.— v. i. [LOGGED(logd), Length; measure or
-GiNG.J To cut and get out logs. tance along the longest
— Log'wood, n. A red, heavy, as- line. (Geog.) Distance
tringent dye-wood fr. S. Amer. and east or west from the (

the W. Indies, used with other Log, Line, and meridian of a given place,
agents to color yellow, brown, and Glass. expressed in degrees sig-
esp. black haamatoxylon Cam- nifying each l-360th of
—
; ;

peachy wood. Log'gerhead, n. A blockhead ; on

the" parallel of latitude Longirosters.
dunce; a spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, which the measurement
used to heat tar. (Navt.) A piece of round timber, in ismade. (Astron.) Dis-
a whale-boat, over which the line is passed, to make tance in degrees, reckoned
itrun more slowly. from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle
Logarithm, log'a-rithm, n. (Math.) One of a system at right angles to it passing through the heavenly-
of numbers increasing in arithmetical progression, body whose longitude is designated. Longitud'- —
representing a series increasing in geometrical pro- inal, a. Pert, to longitude or length; running
gression, used to facilitate mathematical calcula- lengthwise.
tions, operations being much abridged by using log- Long, long, v. i. [longed (longd), longing.] To de-
arithms instead of the natural numbers for which sire earnestly or eagerly; to have an eager or craving
they stand.— Logarithmic, -mical, a. Pert, to or appetite. — Long'ing, n. An eager desire earnest ;

consisting of, etc. —

Logic, loi^ik, n. Science of ex- wish; aspiration; craving or morbid appetite.
act reasoning or of pure and formal thought, or of Longe. See Lunge.
the laws according to which the process of pure Longshore-man, long'sh5r-man, n. One of a class of
thinking should be conducted; correct reasoning. laborers employed about wharves, esp. in loading
— Logical, a. Pert, to, used in, according to the rules and unloading vessels.
of, or skilled in, logic— Logi'Aan, -jish'an, n. One Loo, loo, n. A
game at cards. —v. t. [looed (lood),
skilled in logic. looing.] To beat in the game of loo, by winning
Loin, loin, n. That part of an animal between the il- every_trick at the game.
ium or haunch bone and the false ribs: see Beef, Loof, loof or luf Same as Luef.
.

Horse, pi. A corresponding part of the human Look, 16t>k, v. i. [looked (16t>kt), looking.] To di-
body, —called also the reins. rect the eye toward an object as if to see it; to direct
Loiter, loi'ter, v. i. T-tered (43rd), -tering.] To be the attention to, consider; to wait for expectantly;
slow in moving, delay, lag, saunter. to penetrate, solve, as a mystery; to direct the gaze
Loll, lol, v. i. [lolled (lold), lolling.] To act la- in all directions, be circumspect, watch; to seek,
zily or indolently; to throw one's self down, lie at search; to observe narrowly, examine, scrutinize; to
ease; to hang extended from the mouth, as the seem, appear; to face, front; in the imperative, see;
tongue of an ox or a dog; to put out the tongue. — behold; take notice; observe. —
v. t. To influence or
v. t. To thrust out (the tongue). subdue by looks or presence; to express or manifest
Lollipop, loKlt-pop, n. A sugar confection which dis- —
by a look. n. Cast of countenance; air of the face;
solves in the mouth. aspect; manner; glance; act of looking or seeing;
Lone, Ion, a. Having no company; solitary; retired; view; watch. —
Looking-glass, n. A
glass which
standing by itself; single; unmarried, or in widow- reflects whatever is before it a mirror. ; Look'out, —
hood. —
Lonely, -II, a. [-lier, -liest.] Seques- n. A careful looking for any object or event; place
tered from company or neighbors; sad from lack of from which observation is made ; a person engaged
companionship or sympathy ; unfrequented ; se- in watching.

sun, cube, full j moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ijk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LOOM 232 LOVE
Loom, loom, n. A frame or machine for weaving cloth Lorn, lorn, a. Lost; undone; forsaken; lonely; bereft.
out of thread; the Lose, looz, v. t. [lost (15st), losing.] To be rid of un-
part of an oar intentionally; to forfeit by unsuccessful contest; to
-within the part with, be deprived of to throw away, employ ;

rowlock. ineffectually, waste, squander to wander from to ; ;

Loom, loom, v. miss, so as not to be able to find to perplex or be- ;

i. [loomed wilder; to ruin, destroy to cease to view to fail to

; ;

ood )m obtain, —
v. i. To forfeit anything in contest; to
( 1
looming.] To
,
suffer loss by comparison. Los'er, n. One who —
appear above loses, or is deprived of anything by defeat, forfeit-
the surface ure, etc. —
Loss, 15s, n. Act of losing failure de- : ;

either of sea struction; privation ; state of having been deprived

or land; to of thing lost; waste. (31il.) Killed, wounded, and
appear larger
;

captured persons, or captured property. Lost, a. —

than the real Parted from unwillingly unintentionally rid of ; ;

dimensions, missing; forfeited in unsuccessful contest; deprived

and indis- of; thrown away; employed ineffectually wasted; ;

tinctly; to bewildered perplexed ruined or destroyed; hard-

; ;

riseand to be ened beyond sensibility or recovery; not perceptible

eminent. —re. -Loom. to the senses; not visible.
The indistinct appearance of anything, as land, Lot, lot, n. That which happens without human de-
whose_outline only is visible. sign or forethought; chance; hazard; fortune; acon-
Loon, loon, n. A sorry fellow rogue rascal. ; ;
tnvance to determine a question by chance: part, or
Loon, loon, n. A migratory swimming and diving bird fate, which falls to one by chance; separate portion
of northern regions, of several species, esp. the great belonging to one person a distinct parcel, separate ;

northern diver or ember goose. part; distinct portion of land; quantity or large num-
Loop, loop, n. A doubling of a string, cord, etc., for ber. v. t. —
To allot, assign; to separate into lots or
ornament or through which another cord, etc., may parcels, assort.— Lot'tery, -ter-T,
pass; a noose; bight; a narrow opening; loop-hole. n. distribution of anything A
— v. t. [looped (loopt), looping.] To fasten, se- by lot or chance; esp. a gambling
cure, or ornament, by means of loops. [Ir. and Ga. scheme, in which certain tickets
Ivb, a loop, also to bend.] —
Loop'-hole, n. (Mil.) A draw prizes and the rest are
small opening in walls of a fortification or bulk-head blanks.
of a ship, through which to Are at an enemy; an Lote, lot, Lo'tus, -tos, n. A shrub
aperture for escape: see Castle. of N. Africa and S. Europe, of
Loose, loos, v. t. [loosed (loost), loosing.] To untie several genera, one of which
or -unbind, free from any fastening, set free; to re- prob. furnished the food of
lease from anything obligatory or burdensome, ab- Homer's lotus-eaters, and was
solve, remit; "to relax, loosen to unfasten, undo, ; fabled to make strangers forget

— —
unlock. v. i. To set sail; to leave a port or harbor. their native land; the nettle tree; Lotus. (Arch.)
a. Unbound; untied; not attached, fastened, or an Egyptian water-lily of several species; a legumi-
fixed; free from obligation; disengaged; not tight or nous clover-like plant. (Arch.) An ornament in
close; not crowded or compact; not concise; not pre- the form of the Egyptian water-lily.
cise or exact; vague; not strict or rigid; unconnected; Loth. Same as Loath.
rambling having lax bowels dissolute wanton Lotion, lo'shun, n. A washing, esp. of the skin, to
unchaste.
;

—
Loos'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en-
; ; ;

render it fair; a liquid preparation for washing some

ing.] To make loose, free from tightness or fixed- part of the body. (Med.) healing application in A
ness; to render less compact; to free from restraint; a fluid form, to be applied externallv to the body.
to remove costiveness from. v. i. —
To become less Loto, Lottery. See under Lot.
tightjjinn, or compact. —
Loose'ness, n. Loud, lowd, a. Having or making a strong or great
Loot, loot, n. Act of plundering in a conquered city; sound; clamorous; boisterous: emphatic: noisy; vo-
—
booty; plunder. v. t. or i. To plunder; to carry off ciferous; vehement.— adv. With loudness; loudly.
as prize obtained by war. Lough, lok, n. Same as Loch.
Lop, lop, v. t. [lopped (lopt), lopping.] To cut off Lounge, lownj, v. i. [lounged (lownjd), lounging.]
(the top of anything); to cut partly off and bend To spend time lazily; move idly about; to recline at
down; to let fall. v. i. To hang downward, be ease; loll. n. An idle gait or stroll: act of reclining
pendent. — n. That cut off, as from trees that at ease place for lounging piece of furniture on
which lops or falls over. Lop'sided, a. Heavier — ;

which to recline.
; ;

on one side than the other; inclining to one side. Louse, lows, n. ;pl. Lice, lis. wingless, bloodsuck- A
Lope, lop, v. i. [loped (lopt), loping.] To run with ing insect, of several species, parasitic upon men,
long strides.— n. A leap a sait of horses, dogs, etc. animals, and birds.— Lous'y, lowz'T, a. Swarming
—
;

Loquacious, lo-kwa'shus, a. Talkative; given to con- with lice; infested with lice. Lousiness, n.
tinual talking noisy. — Loqua'ciousness, Loquac'- Lout, lowt, n. _A mean, awkward fellow; a bumpkin.
;

ity, -kwas'T-ti, n. Habit of talking excessively; gar- Louver, -vre, loo'ver, n. An opening in the roof of
rulity; babbling. ancient buildings for ventila-
Lord, 16rd, n. A
superior; master; governor; ruler; in tion, often in the*form of a
Eng., a nobleman of any rank above that of a baronet, turret or small lantern. Louver
hence, by courtesy, the son of a duke or marquis or window. (Arch.) An opening
eldest son of an earl, also a bishop, if a member of in a bell-tower, church steeple,
Parliament a title of these persons and also of
; etc., crossed by a series of slats.
certain official characters or representatives of maj- Lovage, luv'ej, n. An umbel-
esty; proprietor of a manor; a husband; the Supreme liferous plant, used in med-
Being; Jehovah.— v. i. To play the lord; domineer. icine as an aromatic stimulant.
— Lordly, -If, a. [-lier, -liest.] Becoming or Love, luv, n. Act of loving; pre-
pert, to a lord proud imperious domineering
; eminent kindness or devotion
—
; ; ;

arrogant; insolent. Lord'ship, n. State or quality to another affection court- ; ;

of being a lord; hence (with his, your, or their), a ship devoted attachment to ;

title applied to a lord, except to an archbishop or one of the opposite sex fond- ;

duke; territory of a lord over which he holds juris- ness devotion the object of ; ;

diction; a manor; dominion; authority. affection moral good- will Louver Window,
; ;

Lore, lor, n. That which is or may be known; erudi- kindness charity Cupid, the god of love.— v. U
; ;

tion; instruction; counsel. [loved (luvd), loving.] To be pleased with, be

Lorette, lo-ref, n. One of a class of females of light fond of, like to have good-will toward to have a ; ;

character in Paris supported by their lovers. strong affection for, have a tender feeling toward;
Lorgnette, lorn-yef, n. An opera-glass. to delight in, with exclusive affection.— v. i. To de-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 LOW 233 LUNE
liRlit, take pleasure, be in love. Lov'er, ra. One — Ludicrous, lu'dT-krus, a. Adapted to excite laughter,
wlio loves esp. one in love with a person of the op-
; without scorn or contempt sportive burlesque
—
; ; ;

posite sex; one who likes or is pleased. Love'ly, -IT, comic; droll; ridiculous.
a. [-LIER, -liest.] Fitted to excite, or worthy of, Luff, luf, v. i. [luffed (luft), luffing.] (Naut.) To
love or esteem; amiable; charming delightful en- ; ; turn the head of a ship toward the wind to sail
chanting. nearer the wind. n. —
The side of a ship toward the
;

Low, lo, v. i. [lowed (lod), lowing.] To cry or call wind act of sailing a ship close to the wind the
as a cow; to moo. n. —
The voice of cattle.
;

roundest part of a ship's bow; the forward or weather

;

Low, lo, a. Occupying an inferior or depressed position leech of a sail.

or place; not rising to the usual height; near the Lug, lug, t. [lugged (lugd), -ging.] To pull with
v.
horizon; descending far below the adjacent ground; force, haul, drag to carry or convey with labor.
;
—
deep; sunk down to, or below, the natural level of n. Anything drawn or carried with difficulty a ;

the ocean by the retiring of the tide; below the usual weight effort of carrying anything heavy; in Scot.,
;

rate, amount, or value; reasonable; not high or loud. the ear, esp. its lobe that which projects like an
;

(Mus.) Depressed in the scale of sounds grave. ; ear, as the handle of a pitcher; a projecting piece in
(Geog.) Near the equator. Late in time modern ; ; machinery to communi-
depressed dejected humble in rank abject; vul-
; ; ; cate motion, etc.; esp. a
gar; base; dishonorable not elevated; submissive;
; short flange by or to
humble; feeble; weak; moderate; not intense; in re- which something is fas-
duced circumstances; impoverished; not high sea- tened; a ring-shaped
soned or nourishing; plain; simple.— adv. In a low piece of leather, fastened
position or manner; under the usual price; cheaply; to the saddle of a single
near the ground; humbly; meanly; in time approach- harness, to hold up the Lu S- < >
lu S s - A A
ing our own; with a depressed voice; in a state of shaft. —
Lug'gage, -gej, n. That which is lugged or
subjection, poverty, or disgrace. (Astron.) In a path carried with difficulty anything cumbrous ; esp. a ;

near the equator, or so that the declination is small. traveler's trunks, baggage, etc. something of more
— Lowly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Not high; not ele- weight than value.— Lug'ger, n. A small vessel car-
;

vated in place mean wanting dignity or rank hum-

; ; ; rying 2 or 3 masts, with a running bowsprit and lug
ble meek; free from pride. —
adv. In a low manner sails. —
Lug'sail, n. A square sail bent upon a yard
;

or condition humbly meanly.

; ; Low'er, v. t. — that hangs obliquely to the mast at £ of its length.
[-ERED (-erd), -ering.] To cause to descend, let Lugubrious, lu-gu'brT-us, a. Mournful ; indicating
down, take down to bring down, humble to re-
; ; sorrow.
duce in value, amount, etc.— v. i. To fall, grow Lukewarm, luk'wawrm, a. Moderately warm nei-
less, diminish, decrease. —
Low'er-case, a. (Print.) ther cold nor hot ; tepid ; not ardent not zealous
;
;

Pert, to or kept in the lower case,— said of the small indifferent.

letters, disting. from capitals. Lull, lul, v. t. [lulled (luld), lulling.] To cause
Lower, low'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To be v. i. To to rest by soothing influences to quiet. ;
—
clouded, threaten a storm ; to frown, look sullen. become gradually calm, subside. n. Power or —
Loyal, loi'al, a. Devoted to the maintenance of law; quality of soothing a season of temporary quiet ;

faithful to lawful government, to the sovereign, or after storm or confusion. LulKaby, -a-bl, n: — A
to a lover, friend, etc., esp. under trying circum- song to quiet babes.
stances; true to a cause or to one's word. Lumbago, lunvba-'go, n. (Med.) rheumatic pain A
Lozenge, loz'enj, n. A
figure with four equal sides, in the loins and small of the back.— Lumbag/inous,
having 2 acute and 2 ob- -baj'T-nus, a. Pert, to lumbago. Lum'bar, a. —
tuse angles; a diamond; (Anat.) Pert, to, or near the loins.
a rhomb a small cake of
; Lumber, lum'ber, n. Orig., a pawnbroker's shop, a
sugar, etc., often medi- pledge or pawn; anything cumbrous; things thrown
cated, orig. of a diamond aside as useless; timber sawed for use. v.t. [lum-
shape.— Lozenge molding. bered (-berd), -Bering.] To heap together in disor-
(Arch.) Amolding used
Lozenge Molding,
der; to fill with lumber. v. i. To move heavily, as —
in Norman architecture, if burdened; to rumble; to cut lumber and prepare
having lozenge-shaped compartments or ornaments. it for market.
Lubber, lub'ber, n. A
heavy, clumsy fellow; esp. one Luminary, lu'mT-na-rT, n. Any body that gives light;
unskilled in seamanship; sturdy drone; clown. esp., one of the heavenly bodies; one who illustrates
Lubric, lu'brik, -brical, a. Having a smooth surface ; any subject, or enlightens mankind. Lu'minous, —
slippery wavering ; unsteady ; lascivious lewd. -mT-nus, a. Shining, emitting light bright ; clear,
— ;

Lu'bricant, n. That which lubricates. Lu'bri- as if illuminated lucid. — ;

;
;

cate, v. t. To make smooth or slippery to supply Lump, lump, n. A mass of matter, of no definite
;

with an oily, greasy, or other substance diminishing shape, or thrown together without order or distinc-
friction.— Lubrica'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Lu'brica 7- tion.— v. t. [lumped (lumpt), lumping.] To throw
tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc. into a mass to take in the gross, speak of collectively.
—
;

Lucent, lu'sent, a. Shining bright resplendent. Lunch, n. repast between breakfast and dinner; A
—
; ;

Lu'cid, -sid, a. Shining bright clear transpa- food taken at other than regular meal times; a light,-
—
; ; ;

rent; easily understood; clear; distinct; luminous; informal repast instead of a regular meal. v. i.
sane; reasonable. —
Lu'cifer, -sT-ier, n. The planet [lunched (luncht), lunching.] To take a lunch.
Venus, when appearing as the morning star, ap- Lunch/eon, -un, n. Same as Lunch, n. — —
plied, in Isaiah, by metaphor, to a king of Babylon; Lune, lun, n. Anything in the shape of a half-moon.
hence, Satan a match made of wood tipped with a
; (Geom.) crescent-shaped figure. A
combustible substance, to be ignited by friction. Lu'nar, a. Pert, to, or like, the —
Lu'cubrate, v. i. To study by candle-light or a lamp. moon orbed ; measured by the
—
;

Lucubration, n. Act of, etc.; nocturnal study revolutions of the moon.— Lu'nate, ;

that composed by night; any literary composition.— -nated, a. (Bot.) Of the form of
Lu'culent, a. Lucid; clear; evident. the half-moon ; crescent-shaped.
Lucern, lu'sgrn, n. A
leguminous plant cultivated Lu'natic, a. Affected by lunacy; —
for fodder. insane exhibiting lunacy. n. ;
—
Luck, luk, n. That which happens to a person; chance; One who is, etc.— Lu'nacy, -na-sT,
fortune ; good fortune. —
Luck'y, -T, a. [-ier, n. popular name for insanity Lunate Leaf, A ;

-iest.] Favored by luck fortunate producing

; derangement; craziness.— Luna'tion, n. The period
;

good by chance, or unexpectedly; successful pros- of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time
perous; auspicious. —
Luckless, a. Without luck; from one new moon to the next.— Lunette', -net',ra.
;

unfortunate meeting with ill-success.

; (Fort.) detached bastion. (Far.} half horse-
— A A
Lucre, lu'ker, n. Gain in money or goods profit. shoe. somewhat flat watch-crystal; a kind of con-
; A
Lu'crative, -kra-tiv, a. Yielding lucre gainful ; cavo-convex lens for spectacles; a covering for the
;

profitable. eye of a vicious horse. (Arch.) An aperture in a

Lucubrate, Luculent, etc. See under Lucent. concave ceiling.

Bun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LUNG- 234 LYRA
Lung, lung, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 organs of respira- theranism, Lu'therism, -izm, n. Doctrines taught
tion in an air-breath- „ j „ * „ . ' , by Luther.
e d a b c b a d e
ins animal. Luxate, luks'at, v. t. To put out of joint, dislocate.
Lunge, Longe, lunj, n. — Luxalion, ru Act or state of, etc.; a dislocation.
A sudden push or Luxury, luk'shoG-rl, n. Free or extravagant indul-
thrust.— v. t. To de- gence in the pleasures of the table, and in costly
liver a lunge in fen- dress and equipage anything delightful to the
;

cing. senses ;a dainty any delicious or costly food or

;

Lupine,lu /'prn,ra. (Bot.) drink; any article not necessary for health or com-
A leguminous plant fort; epicurism; effeminacy. —
Luxuriate, v. i. To
of many species, some grow exuberantly, or to superfluous abundance; to
cultivated for their feed or live luxuriously; to indulge to excess, de-
showy flowers, others light greatly.— Luxu'rialion, n. Act, or process of,
as forage plants, or to I etc.— Luxu'rious, -ri-us, a. Given to luxurv; vo-
be plowed under as luptuous; administering to luxury; furnished with
fertilizers. luxuries; softening by pleasure, or free indulgence
Lupuline, lu'pu-lin, n. in luxury.
(Chem.) The bitter Lyceum, li-se'um, n. A place in Greece near the River
principle of hops. Ilissus, where Aristotle taught philosophy; a place
The fine yellow pow- for instruction by lectures or disquisitions; a higher
der of hops, which school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the
contains that princi- •
j i h g f university; an association for literary improvement.
Lydian, lidl-an, a. Pert, to Lydia, in Asia Minor, or
u n. ,-kt + s Lungs, Heart, and chief Vital
t£^.\.
Lurch, i*
lSrch, (Naut.) Organs, in Man to its inhabitants; soft; effeminate, said esp. of —
A sudden roll of a
a, jugular veins b, b, carotid
one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, whose
ship to one side. , ;
music was of a soft, pathetic character.
arteries c, trachea d, d, bron- ;
i. [lurched (lercht), chial veins e, e, bronchial ar- ;
;

Lye, li, n. Water impregnated with alkali imbibed

lurching.] To with- teries k, I, lungs g, right au- from the ashes of wood, used in soap-making, etc.
draw to one side, or to ricle h, inferior vena cava
;
;

i,
;

Lixivlal, -Y-al, a. Obtained by lixiviation con-

; — ;

a private place; to lie right ventricle j, aortal artery; taining alkali extracted from wood-ashes
; of the ;

in ambush, lurk to
;
/, left ventricle. color of, or like lye or alkaline salts from wood-ashes.
dodge, play tricks to roll or pass suddenly to one
; Lixiviate, -ated, a. Pert, to lye impregnated —
side, as a ship in a heavy sea. —
To leave in the lurch. with alkali from wood-ashes. —Lixiviate, v. t. To
;

To leave in a difficult situation, in embarrassment,

— subject to the process of lixiviation; to leach. Lix- —
or without help. Lurk, v. i. [lurked (lerkt), lurk- iv'ialion, n. Operation or process of extracting sol-
ing.] To lie hid, he in wait; to keep out of sight. —
uble matter from insoluble by washing, filtering, or
Lurking-place, n. A
place in which one lurks. leaching, as alkali from ashes. —
Lixivium, -T-um, —
Lurcb/er, n. One that lies in wait, esp. a dog that n. Water impregnated with soluble matter, as with
lies in wait for game, and seizes it. as hares, rabbits, alkaline salts imbibed from wood-ashes.
and the like; a glutton; gormandizer. Lymph, limf, n. Water, or a pure, transparent fluid
Lure, liir, n. An object resembling a bird, held out like water; a coagulable fluid in animal bodies, con-
by the falconer to call a hawk any enticement; de- ; tained in vessels called lymphatics; the watery part
coy; anything which attracts by promise of pleasure of the pus or virus used in vaccination. Lymphat'- —
or advantage, —v. i. [lured (lurd), lurixg.] To ic, -fat Ik, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, containing,
call a hawk or other animal. v. t. —
To draw to the or conveying lymph; heavy in temperament; dull.
lure; entice; attract. —n. (Physiol.) One of the vein-like, valved vessels
Lurid, lulid, a. Ghastly pale; yellow or red, as the in vertebrate animals, which absorb the tymph fr. .

sky when a tempest is coming; gloomy; dismal. various parts of the system and carry it to the tho-
Lurk, etc. See under Lurch. racic duct, etc.: see Lacteal.
Luscious, lush'us, a. Sweet delicious; sweet or rich Lynch, linch, v. t. [lynched (lincht), lynching.]
so as to cloy; fulsome. — ;

Lush, a. Full of juice or To inflict punishment upon without the forms of

succulence. law; esp. to hang by mob-law.— Lynch '-law, ra. Pun-
Lust, lust, n. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or ishment of men, by private, unauthorized persons.
enjoy carnal appetite concupiscence.
; : v. i. To Lynx, links, n. —
sullen nocturnal feline animal of A
desire eagerly, long to desire the gratification of
; several species, with brilliant eyes, tufted ears, and
carnal appetite to have irregular or" inordinate de- short tail it preys upon birds and beasts in the :

—
sires.
;

Lustlul, -fill, a. Havms: lust orovoking to woods of N. Europe, Asia, and Amer. Lynx'-eyed, —
sensuality; carnal;' licentious; lewd; lecherous. -id, a.
;

Having acute sight. —

Lyn'cean, -se-an, a. —
Lusly, -tt, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Exhibiting vigor, Pert, to the lynx.
health, etc.; able of body; large: robust; vigorous; Lyra, lila, n. (Astron.) A northern constellation,
healthful; bulky; corpulent; lustful. situated directly
Luster, -tre, lusler, n. That which shines or is bril- in front of Ursa
liant: splendor; brightness; renown; distinction; a Major. Lyre, —
candlestick ornamented with pendants of cut glass. lir, n. (Mvs.) A ;

— Luslrous, -trus, a. Bright shining.— Luslring, ; stringed instru-

n. A kind of glossy silk cloth. ment of music;
Lute, lift, n. A pear-shaped musical instrument, whose a kind of harp
strings are struck with the right used by the an-
hand, while the left presses them cients. (Astron.)
upon the stops. The constellation
Lute, lut, Luting, n. (Chem.) A Lyra. Ly'rist, —
composition of clay or other te- n. One who plays
nacious substance, used for mak- Lyre.
upon the lyre.
Lyre'-bird, n. An Australian'
1
ing joints of chemical vessels,
etc., air-tight; a rubber packing bird, having the 16 tail feath-
ring; a coating of clay, sand, etc., ers of the male arranged in
to protect retorts, etc., when ex- the form of a lyre: it'is the
posed to heat. — v. t. To close or only known speck's of its
coat with lute. genus. — Lyric, lYrlk, -ical, =~~'
Luteous, lule-us, a. Of a deep-yel- a. Pert, to a lyre or harp;
low, golden-yellow, or orange- Lute. fitted to be sung to the lyre;^
yellow color. appropriate for song. Lyr'- — .

Lutheran, lulher-an, a. Pert, to Martin Luther, the ic, n. A

lyric poem; a song;
reformer. —
n. A
disciple, or adherent to the doc- a verse of the kind usually
Lvre-bird.
trines, of Luther or the Lutheran church. Lu'- — employed in lyric poetry, chiefly in pi. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 M 235 MAGI

M.
M, em, the 13th letter of the Eng. alphabet, represents i
Mackerel, mak'er-el, n. A food fish, blue, streaked
a labial articulation, and is called the labia! nasal. with black, found in
—As a numeral M=
1,000. {Print.) quadrat, the A I the European and N.
face or top of which is a square, as formerly the letter Amer. seas.
M
!

also was it is the unit of measuring the amount

: Mackintosh, mak'in-
of type in any work: this page in length is equal to tosh, n. A
water-proof
91 lines of pearl, in breadth 58 it would therefore outer garment.
=
;

measure 58 X 91 5,278 m's. [Written also em.) Macrocosm, mak'ro- Mackerel.

—
Ma, ma, n. Mother, an abbr. of mamma, a child's kozm, n. The great world; universe, opposed to —
title for mother. —
Ma'am, mam, n. Madam, a — microcosm, or the little world constituted by man.
colloq. contraction of madam. Macrom'eter -krom / '-
,

Macadamize, mak-ad'am-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -iz- e-ter, n. An instru-

ing.] To cover (a road! with small, broken stones, ment for measuring
so as to form a smooth, hard surface. inaccessible objects
Macaroni, mak-a-ro'ni, n. An article of food com- by means of 2 reflect-
posed of paste, chiefly of wheat flour, made into ors on a common sex-
long, slender tubes; a medley; something extrava- tant.— Mac'ropod , n.
gant, to please an idle fancy; a sort of droll or fool; (Zobl.)A short-tailed,
a fop; beau; exquisite. —
Macaroon', -roon', n, A decapodous crusta-
JMacropoa.
small cake, composed chiefly of almonds and sugar. cean, having very
Macaw, ma-taw', n. A
large bird of the parrot fam- long feet; the sea-spider; spider-crab.
ily, of several species, all having Mad. mad, a. [madder, -dest.] Disordered in intel-
beautiful plumage and long tails, lect distracted crazy insane; beside one's self;
; ; ;

native of tropical America. showing uncontrolled or unreasonable feeling or ac-

Maccabees, mak'ka-bez, n. pi. Two tion, as from levity, willfulness, fear, pain, appetite,
books of the Apocrypha, which re- rage, etc.; esp., excited with violent or unreasonable
cord Jewish affairs in the time of desire or appetite, or with wrath; enraged; angry;
the Maccabean princes. proceeding from, or indicating, madness or fury. —
Maccaboy, mak'ka-boi, -co boy, n. v. [madded, -ding.] To madden.— Mad'den, -dn,
t.

Rose-flavored snuff. v. [-desed (-dnd), -dening.] To make mad, furi-

t.

Mace, mas, n. A heavy metal club, ous, or angry, drive to madness, craze, enrage. v. i. —
anciently used as a weapon a staff ; To become mad, act as if mad.
borne by, or before, a magistrate Madam, mad'am, Madame, ma-dam', Mes- n. ; pi.
as an ensign of authority a scepter; ; dames. ma-dam'. My lady, — a complimentary
a rod used in billiards; a knobbed Macaw. form of address to a lady, esp. an elderly or a mar-
mallet used by curriers. —
Ma'cer i. A mace ried lady.— Madon'na, ma-don'na, h. Madam; my
bearer ;_ a court officer. lady; a picture of the Virgin Mary, to whom the title
Mace, mas, n. A spice,— the 2d coat or aril which cov- Our Lady is given in the Rom. Cath. Church. —
ers the nutmeg, —
extremely fragrant and aromatic. Mademoiselle, mad'mwS-zel', n. ; pi. Mesdemoi-
Macerate, mas'er-at, v. t. To soften and separate the selles, mad'mwS-zel''. Miss; young woman; girl,
parts of by steeping, as in a fluid, or by the digestive — used esp. in address.
process. Madder, mad'der, n. A plant cultivated in Europe
Machiavelian, mak'i-a-vel'yan, Pert, to Machia-a. and the Levant, from whose root are made pigments
vel, an Italian writer, or to his supposed principles; for dyeing several shades of red, yellow, and purple.
politically cunning; using duplicity; crafty. Madeira, ma-de'ra or -da'ra, n. A rich wine made on
Machicolation, mach't-ko-la'shun, n. An opening be the Isle of Madeira.
tween the corbels supporting Madrepore, mad're-por, n. A reef-building polyp, or
stony,
a projecting parapet, in the
floor of a gallery, or in the -yrpTjT^ the white,
shaped coral formed by ag-
tree-

roof of a portal, for pouring gregation of its cells.

hot liquids, etc., upon assail- Madrigal, mad'rT-gal, n. A
ants approaching the walls; little amorous poem, or
act of pouring or hurling mis- pastoral poem, containing
siles, etc., upon assailants some tender and delicate,
through such apertures a ;
Machicolation. though simple thought.
parapet resting on corbels. (Music.) An elaborate vocal
Machine, ma-sheii', n. Any body or assemblage of composition in 5_or 6 parts.
bodies used to transmit and modify force and mo- Magazine, mag'a-zen', n. A
tion; esp., a construction in which the several parts warehouse or storehouse ;

unite to produce given results; any instrument or esp. a storehouse for mili-
organization by which power is applied and made tary stores; building or
effective, or a desired effect produced; a person who room in which powder is
Madrepore,
acts mechanically or at the will of another; supernat- kept in a fortification or
ural agency in a poem. —
Machin'ery, -shen'er-1, ship; cartridge chamber of repeating rifle; a pam- i

n. Machines collectively; the working parts of a phlet periodically published, containing miscellane-
machine, arranged to apply and regulate force ; ous compositions.
means by which anything is kept in action esp. ; Magdalen, mag'da-len, n. A reformed prostitute.
supernatural means by which the action of a ficti- Magenta, ma-jen'ta, n. A red or crimson dye or color
tious work is carried on and brought to a catastro- derived from aniline.
phe. — Machinist, n. A constructor of machinery. Maggot, mag'got, n. The larval form of a fly a grub;
—
;

Machinal, mak'Y-nal, a. Pert, to machines.— worm.— Mag'goty, -got-T, a. Full of or infested with
Machinate, v. t. To plan; to form, as a plot or a maggots; full of whims; capricious.
scheme. —Machina'tion, n. Act of contriving a Magi, ma'ji, n. men of
Priests of the Persians; wise
scheme for executing some purpose, esp. an evil the East. —
Magic, majlk, n. The pretended art,
one; a hostile ortreacherous scheme formed with de- science, or practice of working wonders by aid ot
liberation and cunning.— Machlna'tor,?;. One who supernatural beings, departed spirits, or occult pow-
plots with evil designs. ers of nature sorcery witchcraft necromancy;
; ; ;

siin, cube, full ; moon, fot»t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNDON, chair, get.
 MAGISTERIAL 236 MAIZE
conjuration; enchantment. —Maggie, -ical, a. Re- Maguey, ma-gwa', A Mexican aloe, used for paper,
n.
lating to, performed by, or proceeding from, etc.; clothing, cordage, etc.
hence, imposing or startling in performance.— Mag- Mahogany, ma-hog'a-nT, n. A large tree, of tropical
ic circle. A
series of concentric circles containing Amer.; the wood of the tree, of a reddish brown
the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having sim- color, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish; a
ilar properties to the magic square. M. lantern. — dining table.
An optical instrument consisting of a case contain- Mahomedan, Mahometan. See Mohammedan.
ing a lamp, whose light, passing through lenses, ex- Mahout, ma-hoot ', n. In India, a man in charge of an
1

hibits on a screen the magnified image of objects elephant; elephant-driver.

placed in the focus of the outer lens. M. square. — Maid, mad, n. An unmarried woman; virgin; maiden;
A series of numbers in a regular progres- a female servant.— Maid'en, mad'n.n. A maid; an
sion, so disposed in parallel and equal 2 7 6 instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used
rows, in the form of a square, that each in Scotland for beheading criminals; a machine for
row, taken vertically, horizontally, or di- 9 5 1 washing linen. — a. Pert, to a j'oung unmarried
agonally, shall give the same sum, same woman or virgin consisting of virgins; fresh; new;
— Maid'enhead, n. Virginity the
;

product, or a harmonical series, accord- 4 3 8 pure ; unused. ;

ing as the series taken is in an arithmeti- hymen or virginal membrane; that which a woman
cal, geometrical, or harmonical progres-
Magic loses when first she has sexual intercourse. — Maid'-
sion. — Mag'ically, adv. —
Magi'cian, Square. enhood, n. State of being a maid or virgin; virginity;
-jish'an, n. One skilled in magic; an enchanter; sor- newness; freshness; uncontaminated state; state be-
cerer or sorceress. fore marriage; girlhood. —
Maid'enly, a. Becoming
Magisterial, maj-is-te'rY-al, a. Pert, or appropriate to a maid; gentle; modest; reserved.— Maid'en-hair, n.
a master or magistrate; authoritative; commanding; A name for several delicate and graceful species of
imperious ;_haughty; despotic; dogmatical.— Mag'- fern, all of which are used in medicine.
istrate, -trat, n. A person clothed with power as a Maihem._ See Maim.
public civil officer, executive or judicial. Magis- — Mail, mal, n. Defensive armor com-
tral, a. Suiting a magistrate; authoritative. (Phar- posed of steel scales, rings, or plates;
macy.) Prescribed for the occasion, said of med- — any defensive covering. (Naut.)
icines, disting. fr. such as are officinal, or directed An apparatus composed of rings in-
by the pharmacopoeia. —
Magistracy, -tra-sT, n. terwoven, for rubbing off loost hemp
Office or dignity of a magistrate; the body of magis- on lines and white cordage. v. t. —
trates. —Mag'na Char'ta, kar'ta, n. The great To put a coat of mail or armor upon.
charter obtained by the Eng. barons from King John, Mail, mal, n. A bag for the convey-
A. d. 1215 a fundamental constitution which guar- ance of letters and papers con-
anties rights
;

and privileges. — Magnanimity, -T-tT, tents of such a bag, etc.; the person
;

n. Quality of being magnanimous greatness of or conveyance carrying the mail.

mind ;elevation or dignity of soul generosity .—Mag- ;
;

— v. t. [mailed (maid), mailing.] Coat of Mail.

nan, 'imous, -I-mus, a. Great of mind; raised above To put in the post-office for transmission by the
what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty spirit mail to post. — Mail'able, a. Usually admitted,
;

exhibiting nobleness of soul ; liberal and honorable. or proper to be admitted, into the mail.
— Mag'nate, -nat, n. A noble or grandee; a person of Maim, mam, v. t. [maimed (mamd), maiming.] To
distinction. —
Mag'nify, -nY-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), deprive of the use of a limb, or of a necessary part;
-fying.] To make great or greater ; to increase the to mutilate, mangle, disable. Maim, in law lan- —
power or glory of, sound the praises of; to enlarge, guage Mai'hem, May'hem, ma'hem, n. Privation
amplify, augment, exaggerate. v.i. To increase of the use of a limb or member of the body, or of
the apparent dimensions of objects.— Mag'nin'er, n. any necessary part mutilation injury. ; ;

One who, or that which, magnifies; an optic il in- Main, man, n. Strength; force; violent effort.
strument, which increases the apparent magnitude Main, man, a. Mighty; powerful vast first in size,
of bodies. —
Magnificent, -T-sent, a. On a grand rank, importance, etc.; principal chief capital.
;

;
;

scale; imposing with splendor; grand in appearance; n. The chief or principal part esp., the great sea, ;

exhibiting grandeur pompous gorgeous grand disting. from an arm, bay, etc. the ocean the con-
— Magnitude, ; ; ; ; ; ;

brilliant. -nl-tud, n. Extent of di- tinent, disting. from an island mainland a prin- ; ;

mensions or parts; bulk; size. (.Geom.) That which cipal duct or pipe, disting. from lesser ones esp., a ;

has one or more of the 3 dimensions, length, breadth, principal pipe leading from a reservoir.— Main'ly,
and thickness; anything of which greater or less can adv. Chiefly principally
; greatly mightily. ; ;
—
be predicated; greatness; grandeur; importance. Main'mast, n. The principal mast in a vessel. See
Magnesia, mag-ne'zM-a or -zha, n. (Chem.) Oxide of Ship. —
Main'sail, n. The principal sail. See Sail.
magnesium, a white, almost insoluble, alkaline earth, — Main'spring, n. The principal spring in a piece
used as an absorbent and antacid. Magne'sium, — of mechanism esp. the moving spring of a watch
-zhT-um, n. (Chem.) The undecomposable metallic or clock
;

the chief or most powerful motive. —

—
;

base of magnesia. Magnesium light. brilliant A Main'top, n. The platform at the top of the main-
light produced by burning metallic magnesium, — mast of a ship, brig, etc.— Main'yard, n. The yard
used in photographic processes. —
Mag'net, n. The on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the
loadstone; a species of iron ore, which attracts iron mainmast. —
Main'-deck, n. (Naut.) The deck next
and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended,
points to the magnetic poles; a bar of iron to which
the properties of the loadstone have been imparted.
See Ship. —
below the spar-deck in frigates and seventy-fours.
land,— opp. to island. —
land, n. The continent, the principal
sheet, n. (Naut.) The sheet
— Magnet'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the prop- that extends and fastens the mainsail. -stay, n. —
erties of, the magnet pert, to the earth's magnet- The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to
ism; attractive. — ;

Mag'netism, -izm, n. The force the maintop; main support; principal dependence.
in nature which gives rise to the phenomena of at- Mainpernor, man'per-ner, n. (Law.) surety for a A
traction, polarity, etc., exhibited by the loadstone prisoner's appearance in court at a day.— Maintain',
and other magnetic bodies; science of magnetic phe- -tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.] To hold
nomena power of attraction. Mag'netize, v. t.
;
— or keep in any particular condition; to keep up, sus-
[-IZED (-Tzd), -izing.] To communicate magnetic tain; to keep possession of, hold and defend to ;

properties to to attract as if by a magnet; to move, continue to bear the expense of, supply with what
influence to mesmerize.
;
;

v. i. —
To acquire mag-
;

is needed; to support by assertion or argument. v. —

netic properties, become magnetic. i. To affirm a position, assert. - Maintenance, -te-
Magnificent, Magnify, etc. See under Magisterial. nans, n. Act of maintaining; sustenance; support;
Magnolia, mag-no 'H-a, n. A
tree of several species defense; vindication; that which maintains or sup-
having large fragrant flowers. ports; means of sustenance. (Crim. Law.) An offi-
Magpie, mag'pi, n. A
long-tailed, crafty bird, allied cious intermeddling in a cause depending between
to the crow, having black plumage above, glossed others. _
with green and purple, and snowy white below: it is i Maize, maz, n. Indian corn, a large species of Amer.
noisy and mischievous, and may he taught to speak. I
grass, cultivated as a forage and food plant; its seed,
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare s end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, or j
 MAJESTY 237 MAN
rowing on cobs and used as without apparent cause, or in revenge; deliberate in-
fodd for men and animals. — tention to do mischief to another unprovoked ma- ;

Maize'na, ma-ze'na, n. A trade lignity or spite rancor.; —

Mali'cious, -lish'us, a.
name for fine meal or farina, Indulging or exercising malice ; proceeding from
prepared from maize, for pud- hatred or malice mischievous ; bitter.
; Malign', —
dings, etc. -lin', a. Having a very evil disposition toward oth-
Majesty, maj'es-ti. n. Grandeur; ers; malignant; pernicious; tending to injure. v.t. —
exalted dignity; imposing lofti- [maligned (-lind'), -ligning.] To speak great evil
ness; the title of a king or queen, of, traduce, vilif y. —
Malig'nancy, -lig'nan-st, n.
— in this sense taking a pi. — Quality of being malignant; malice. {Med.) Viru-
— Majes'tic, a. Possessing or lence; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue.
exhibiting majesty of august ; Malig'nant, a. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffer-
dignity, or imposing grandeur ;
ing, or cause distress; exerting pernicious influence;
splendid magnificent ; imperi- heinous. {Med.) Tending to produce death viru-
;

al; regal; royal; stately; lofty. lent incurable.

;
—
Malprac'tice, -tis, n. Evil prac-
;

Major, ma'jer, a. Greater in tice; illegal or immoral conduct ; esp. professional

number, quantity, or extent; of misconduct of a physician. —
Maltreat', v. t. To
more impor- abuse.—
greater dignity
— MaPversa'tion,Maltreat'ment,
; treat ill, n. Ill usage; abuse.
tant.— n. (Mil.) An officer next n. Evil conduct; corruption or
in rank above a captain and Maize. extortion in office.
below a lieutenant-colonel. Malaga.mal'a^ga, n. A wine from Malaga, in Spain.
{Civil Law.) A person of full age. {Logic.) That Male, mal, a. Pert, to the sex that begets or procre-
premise which contains the major term. Major' — ates young, disting. fr. the female; masculine. (JBot.)
ity, -jQr'T-tY, n. Quality or condition of being great- Having fecundating organs, but not fruit-bearing;
er; esp. the military rank of a major; condition of staminate. —
n. An animal of the male sex; a he.
being of age, to manage one's own concerns the {Bot.) A plant which bears only staminate flowers.
greater number more than half the number by
: ;
;

— Mal'lard, n. The common green-head or migra-

which one aggregate (as of votes) exceeds all op- tory wild duck of Europe and the Western U. S.,
posed to it. —
Ma'jor-do'mo, n. steward a chief A the progenitor of the tame mallard the common
minister. —
Ma'jor-gen'eral, n. {Mil.) An officer
;

domestic duck.
;

next in rank below a lieutenant general. Malediction, Malice, etc. See under Maladminis-
Make, mak, v. t. [made (mad), making.] To cause tration.
to exist produce, frame, create to produce (some-
; ; Mall, mawl, n. A large wooden beetle; a maul.— v. t.
thing artificial or false) to bring about, effect, do,
; [malled (mawld), malling.J To beat with a mall;
execute, etc. to gain, as the result of one's efforts to maul.— Mall, mal, n. A level, shaded public walk.
;

to suffer to find, as the result of computation

; to
;

— Mal'leate, mal'le-at, v. t. To hammer to draw

—
; ;

pass over the distance of, travel over; to put in a de- into a plate or leaf by beating. Mal'leable, a. Ca-
sired or desirable condition to cause to be or be- ; pable of being shaped, drawn out, or extended by
come, constitute; to cause to appear to be; to esteem, beating. —
Malleable iron. Iron so nearly freed from
represent; to require, compel, force to compose, as ; carbon, etc., that it may be wrought with a hammer.
parts, ingredients, or materials to form to serve ; ;
— Mal'let, n. A wooden hammer, used esp. for driv-
or answer as; to reach, or arrive at to come near, so ing a chisel.
as to have within sight. v. i. To tend, proceed, — ;

Mallow, mal'lo, -lows, -loz, n. A plant of the genus

move to contribute, have effect to increase, aug-
; ; —
Malva so called from its emollient qualities.
ment, accrue. n. —
Structure texture constitu- ; ; Malmsey, mam'zi, n. A sort of grape; also, a kind of
tion of parts. — Mak'er, n. One who makes, forms, strong and sweet wine.
or molds; a manufacturer; the Creator. {Law.) One Malpractice, Maltreat, etc. See under Maladminis-
who signs or makes a promissory note. Make'-be- — tration.
lieve', n.A mere pretense. shift, n. That with
which one makes shift; a temporary expedient.—
— Malt, mawlt, n. Barley, or other grain, in which the
starch has been changed to saccharine matter by
-up, n. The whole,— disting. from the parts com- forced germination, and the sprouting checked by
posing it; general composition or structure; get-up; drying in a kiln it is used in brewing. v.t. To —
—
:

among actors, artificial preparation of the face, etc., make into malt. v. i. To become malt.
for the stage. {Print.) Arranging of type into pages, Mamma, mam-ma', n. Mother, a word of tender- —
with proper head-lines, etc. weight, -wat, n. That
which is thrown into a scale to make weight.
— ness and familiarity, used chiefly by children.
Mamma, mam'ma, n. ; pi. -urn.. The breast; the pro-
Malachite, mal'a-klt, n. {Min.) Green carbonate of tuberant organ or gland in the female which secretes
copper, found in Siberia, Cornwall, etc. milk. —
Mam'mal, n. {Zobl.) An animal of the
Malacology, mal-a-kol'o-j Y, n. Science of the structure highest class of vertebrates, the female of which
and habits of mollusks or soft-bodied animals. suckles her young. —
Mamma'lia, -lT-a, n. pi. A
Maladministration, mal'ad-min'is-tra' shun, n. Faulty class of animals, comprehending the mammals.
administration; bad management of public officers Mammon, mam'mun, n. Riches; wealth; also, the god
or official duties.—Maladroit', -a-droit', a. Clumsy; of riches.
awkward unskillful.— Mal'ady, -a-d 1, n. Sickness
; Mammoth, mam'muth, n. A
huge extinct elephant,
or disease; esp., a lingering or deep-seated disorder; of which the remains of several species have been
amoral or mental disorder; illness.— Malapropos', found in northern regions. a. —
Resembling the
-ap'ro-po', adv. Unseasonably; unsuitably.— Mala'- mammoth in size; gigantic.
ria, ma-la'rT-a, n. An unhealthy exhalation from Man, man, n. ; pi. Men, men. An individual of the
wet land, etc., producing fever, ague, etc., in certain human race; a human being; esp., an adult male
districts. —
Mala'rious, -rt-us, a. Pert, to, or in- person; the human race; mankind; sometimes, the
fected by, malaria. —
Mai' content', n. One discon- male part of the race, as disting. fr. the female; one
tented; esp., a discontented subject of government. of manly strength or virtue; a male servant; a mar-
— Mai' content', MaPcontent'ed, a. Discontented; ried man; husband; a piece with which a game, as
dissatisfied with the government.— MaPedic'tion, n. chess or draughts, is played.— v. t. [manned (mand),
Denunciation of evil; declaration of a wish of evil; -ning.] To supply with men to furnish with
—
;

curse; imprecation; execration. Mal'efac'tor, -ter, strength for action, fortify.— Man'ly, a. [-her, -li-
n. One who commits a crime; evil-doer; felon; con- EST.] Having qualities becoming a man firm brave
—
;

—
;

vict. Malefac'tion, n. A crime.— Maleficence, -T- noble. adv. With courage like a man. Man'li- —
sens.ra. Evil-doing. {Moral Philos.) The doing ill ness, n. —
Mankind', -kind', n. The human race;
to others, —
opp. to beneficence. Malev'olent, a. — man; men as disting. fr. women. Man'ful, -ful, a. —
Wishing evil; ill-disposed, or disposed to injure oth- —
Showing manly spirit; bold. Man'hood, -hdo'd, n.
ers; envious; spiteful; malicious; malignant. Ma- — State of Deing, or qualities characteristic of or becom-
lev'olence, -o-lens, n.— MaPforma'tion, n. Irregular ing, a man—
Man'nish, a. Having the appearance of
or anomalous formation or structure of parts.— Mal'- a man masculine.— Manslaughter, -slaw-ter, n. The
;

ice, -is, n. A
disposition to injure others unjustly, slaying of a human being; murder. {Law,) The un-

sttn, cQbe, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MANACLE 238 MANIOC
lawful killing of a man without malice. — Man'ikin, Manganese, man/ga-nez', n.
-I-kin, n. A little man dwarf; an anatomical model of
: (Chem.) A metal of a dusky
the human body, with detachable pieces to show the white or whitish-gray color, very
parts and organs.— Man'- hard and difficult to fuse. The
hole, n. A hole through black oxide of the metal.
which a man may enter a Mange, manj, n. The scab or itch
drain, boiler, etc., to clean — Man'gy,
or repair it.
A man who
—
mid'wife, n.
practices ob-
in cattle, dogs, etc.
-ji, a.
with,
[-gier, -giest.]
scabby.
Infected
— Man'gi-
i

stetrics. —
trap, ». An ap-
pliance for catching tres-
ness, n.
etc. ;

Mangel-wurzel, man'gl-wgr'zl, n.
A Targe kind of field beet used
ManacYe,' man'a-kl, re. An Manhole, closed by bridge for feeding cattle.
instrument of iron for and bolt Manger, manner, n. A fixed re-
-

fastening the hands handcuff

; shackle.; i: t. —
ceptacle to hold food for horses
[manacled (-kid), -clisg.] To put fastenings upon or cattle, in a barn or stable.
the hands; to shackle. (Naut.) A space at the fore-end
Manage, man'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] To of the deck, bounded by the ^
have under control and direction; to guide by care- mangei- board, to prevent water -M-angei-wurzei.
ful treatment; to bring around cunningly to one's which enters the hawse-holes from running over the
plans; to train, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or deck.
artful action: to direct, control, contrive, conduct, Mangle, man/gl, ?. t. [-gled (-idd), -glixg.] Tocut
transact.— o.i. To direct or conduct affairs.— Man'- bungiingly, as flesh: to hack, lacerate, mutilate; to
ageable, a. Capable of being managed; admitting curtail, take by piecemeal.
or suffering management; easily made subservient Mangle, man'gl, n. machine for smoothing damp A
to one's designs; tractable; tamable: docile.— Man'- cloth or clothes by roller pressure. v. t. To smooth —
ageableness, re. —
Management, re. Act of man- (linen) with a mangle. Man'gonel, n. An engine —
aging; manner of treating, directing, etc.; cunning formerly used for throwing stones and battering
practice; conduct directed by art or address; board
—
of managers; administration; direction. Man'ager, Mango, man'go,
re. One who, etc.; a director; one who conducts busi- n. An Asiatic
ness with economy and frugality; a good economist. tree of many
— Manege', ma-nazli', re. The art of horsemanship, species, culti-
or of training horses; a riding school. vated in the
Manchineel, manch-T-nel', re. A
lofty "W. India tree, tropics; its lus-
having a milky poisonous sap, but furnishing wood cious acid
valued for cabinet making. fruit; a green
Mandamus. See under Mandate. us k-m e 1 o n m
Mandarin, man-da-ren', re. A
Chinese nobleman; a pickled.
civil or military official in China the colloquial
; tan, Mangos
language of China; a variety of orange, orig. from man'
China. -steen, -sten, re.
Mandate, man'dat, re. An official or authoritative tree of the A
command; an order; precept; injunction; commis- E. Indies its ;

sion. (Canon Law.) A rescript of the pope, requir- delicious and

ing a person therein named to be put in possession wholesome
of a vacant benefice. —
Man'datory, -da-to-rt, a. fruit, about the
Containing a command. —
Man'datary, -ta-rT, n. size of a small
One to whom a charge is given; esp., one to whom orange.
the pope has given a mandate for his benefice. Mangrove, man'-
(Law.) One who undertakes, without a recompense, grov, n. A tree Mango Tree.
to do some act for another in respect to a thing bailed of the muddy shores and deltas of the tropics, whose
to him. — Manda'mus, re. (Law.) A
writ issued by branches take root and form new trunks and whose
a superior court to some inferior tribunal, corpora- seeds germinate while attached to the tree, forming
tion, or person exercising public authority, com- dense forests extending into the water.
manding the performance of some specified duty. Mangy. See under Mange.
Mandible, man'df-bl, n. The jaw (upper or lower) of Manhaden. See Menhaden.
a bird, — also applied to designate the lower jaw of a Manhood. See under Man.
mammal, and the anterior or upper pair of jaws in Mania, ma'nl-a, re. Violent derangement of mind;
some invertebrates. uncontrollable desire; insane passion; madness; de-
Mandrake, man'drak, n. A low-growing Oriental nar- lirium: frenzy. —
Ma'niac, -nT-ak, a. Raving with
cotic plant, with a large fleshy root, often forked. disordered intellect; mad. re. One raving; a mad- —
Mandrel, man'drel, re. (Mack.) A bar of metal on man.
which work to be turned is Manifest, man'T-fest, a. Clearly visible to the eye ;

fixed or to which a tool is obvious to the understanding apparent evident

attached, as in a lathe; the conspicuous; plain. n. —
list or invoice of a ship's A
; ;

spindle carrying the center- cargo, to be exhibited at the custom-house. v. t. —

chuck of a lathe, and com- To disclose to the eye or to the understanding to ;

municating motion to the show plainly; to exhibit the manifests of, at the cus-
work, and usually driven by tom-house. —
Man'ifesta'tion. re. Act of. etc.; dis-
a pulley; an arbor. play revelation. Man'ifestly, adv.
;
—
Manifes'to, —
Mane, man, re. The long hair Mandrel.
re. ; pi. -toes, -toz. A public declaration, usually of
on the neck of some quadru- a sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming
peds, as the horse, lion, etc. See Horse. his opinions and motives in reference to some act
Manege. See under Manage. done or contemplated by him.
Manes, ma'nez, n. pi. (Bom. Antiq.) The benevolent Manifold, man'T-fold, a. Various in kind or quality;
infernal dei'ies; deified shades of the departed. many numerous exhibited at divers times or in
Maneuver, -noeuvre, ma-noo'ver, n. Management various ways.
; v. t.
;

—
To double or fold in many
;

dexterous movement; esp., an evolution, or change complications or thicknesses; to take many copies of
of position among military or n.ival bodies; adroit by a mechanical process.
proceeding intrigue
; stratagem. — v. i. [maneu- Manikin. See under Man.
;

vered or -nceuvred (-vSrd), -neutering or -xceu- Manilla, ma-nil'la, a. Of or pert, to Manilla, the capi-
vringJ To make an evolution; to manage with art.
— tal of the largest of the Philippine Islands. re. — A
v. t. To change the positions of (troops, ships, etc.). kind of cheroot or cigar made at, etc.
Manful, etc. See under Man. Manioc, ma'nl-ok, re. A poisonous tropical shrub

am, fime, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, Sr
 MAKflPLE 239 MARGE
from whose fleshy tubers cassava and tapioca are where anything is manufactured; a factory.— Man 7-
prepared; cp.ssava. j
umif, v. t. To release from slavery; to free, us a
Maniple, man'I-pl, n. A handful ; a small band of I
slave.— Man'mnis'sion, -mish'un, n. Act' of,.- etc.—
soldiers, a company a kind of scarf about the left
; Manure', v. t. [-nured (-nurd'), -nuking.] To en-
arm of a Rom. Cath. priest.— Manip'ulate, -u-lat, v. rich (land) by the application of a fertilizing sub-
t. To treat, work, or operate with the hands; to han- stance. —
n. Any matter which makes land produc-
dle skillfully ; to re-arrange for a purpose, tamper tive a fertilizing substance. —
Man'uscript, -u-
with. —
v. i. To use the hands, esp. in scientific ex-
—
;

skript, a. Written with the hand; not printed. n. —

periments, artistic and mechanical processes, etc. A book or paper written with the hand.
Manip /ula /'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Manip'tila'tor, -ter, Manx, manks, a. Of, or pert to, the Isle of Man.
n. One who practices manipulation. Many, meii'i, a. [more (mor); most (most); from a
Mankind, Manly, etc. See under Man. diiferent root.] Comprising, or consisting of, a great
Manna, man'na, n. {Script.) substance miracu-A number of individuals; numerous; manifold; vari-
lously furnished as food for the Israelites in the ous; sundry. — n. A number; multitude; crowd,
wilderness; divinely supplied food. (Med.) sweet- A chiefly in the phrases a great many, a good many.
ish secretion from many trees, as the manna ash, Map, map, n. A representation of the earth's surface
European larch, etc. or of part of it on a plane a chart.; v. t. —
[mapped
Manner, man'ne'r, n. Mode of action; way of effecting (inapt), -ping.] To delineate (the figure of any por-
anything; characteristic mode of acting, conducting, tion of land); to describe well; to plan, mark out.
etc.; habitual style; esp. style of writing or thought Maple, ma'pl, n. A tree of the genus Acer, of several
in an author a certain degree or measure
; sort ; species, with hard wood and sweet sap.
kind; style; pi. carriage; behavior; decent and re- Mar, mar, v. t. [marred (mard), -ring.] To injure, esp.
spectful deportment; customary method of acting. by cutting off a part, or by wounding and making
— Man'nerism, -izm, n. Adherence to a peculiar defective to damage, harm, spoil to impair the ;

—
;

style or manner ; a characteristic mode of action, good looks of, disfigure. n. A mark made by
bearing, or treatment, carried to excess. Man'ner — bruising, scratching, etc.; an injury. Mar'plot, n. —
1t,f *,
One addicted +n
Cina a/1/lin+Qil to mannerism. m
a n n p ri am TWa/n'TiArlTT
Man'nerly, — One who frustrates a scheme by officious interfer-
Showing good manners; civil; not rude or ence. —Mar'text, n. A blundering or ignorant
preacher.
Manoeuvre. See Maneuvee. Marabou, mar / a-boo / n. {Zool.) A kind of stork, ',

Manor, manner, n. {Eng. Law.) District over which producing white feathers used as ornaments. In
a lord has feudal authority, —
the tenants holding Louisiana, the offspring of a mulatto and a griffe.
by copyhold; lordship; barony; house and land re- Maranatha, mar-a-nath'a or -na'tha, n. The Lord
served by a person of rank for his own use. {Amer. comes, or has come, a word used in anathematiz- —
Laiv.) A tract of land occupied by fee-farm tenants. ing persons for great crimes.
— Mano^rial, -rf-al, a. Pert, to a manor. —
Manse, Maraschino, mar-as-ke'no, n. A delicate spirit dis-
mans, n. A house or habitation; esp. a parsonage- tilled from cherries.
house a farm.
;
—
Man'sion, -shun, n. A house Marasmus, ma-raz'mus, n. {Med.) A wasting of flesh
;

:;bode; esp. one of some size or pretension; house of without fever or apparent disease atrophy con- ; ;

the lord of a manor. sumption; phthisis.

Mansard-roof, man'sard-roof, n. {Arch.) A roof with Maraud, ma-rawd', v. i. To rove in quest of plun-
2 sets of rafters on each side, the lower nearly verti- der; to plunder.
cal, the upper much inclined, giving much space Marble, mar'bl, n. Calcareous stone or mineral, of
for chambers; French-roof; hip-roof; curb-roof. compact texture and beautiful appearance, suscepti-
Mantel, man'tl, n. {Arch.) The ornamental work ble of high polish; a thing made of, or like, marble,
over a fire-place in front of the chimney, esp. a shelf as, a work of art, in marble —
a little ball used as a ;

above the fire-place.— Man'tel-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. plaything by children; or, pi. a collection of antique
Same as Mantel.— Man'tle, -tl, n. A loose garment works of art in marble. —v. t. [marbled (-bid),
worn over other garments a cloak; a covering or
; -blixg.] To stain or vein like marble; to variegate
concealing envelope. {Zool.) The outer soft mem- in color.
brane of the body of amollusk; any free outer mem- March, march, n. The 3d month of the year.
brane. {Arch.) A mantel. —
v. t. [mantled (-tld), March, march, v. i. [marched (marcht), marching.]
-tling.] To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to To move with a regular step and in order, as sol-
cloak, hide, disguise.— v. i. To rise and spread, ex- diers; to walk in a deliberate or stately manner. —
pand, be spread out, esp. in a graceful manner; to v. t. To cause to move in military array or in a
revel in pleasure; to become covered, as a liquid, on body, as troops; to cause to go by peremptory com-
the surface.— Man'tle-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. man- A j

mand or by force. n. —
Military progress; advance
tel.— Man'tua, -tu-a or -tu, n. woman's gown or A of troops; measured and regular advance like that
dress. —
Man'tua-mak'er, man'tu-mak'er, n. A of soldiers; a piece of music, designed to guide the
dressmaker; one who makes women's clothes. movement of troops; distance passed over between
Mantis, mantis, n. A
pugnacious, voracious, insec- halting-places or in one day.
tivorous, March, march, n. A frontier of a territory; border;
ort hop- confine, —used chiefly in pi.
t ero us Marchioness. See under Mark.
insect, of Mardi-Gras, mar-de-gra/', n. The festival
s e v e ral preceding Ash-Wednesday, the first dajT
s p e cies, of Lent; Shrove-Tuesday.
of s 1 e n- Mare, mar, n. The female of the horse, or
der, gro- equine genus of quadrupeds. Mare's- —
tesque nest. Afancied discovery of something
form. absurdly ridiculous, or of some evil, scan-
Manual, " Mantis. dal, or cause of anxiety, which proves to
man'u- be baseless; a hoax. —Mare's-tail. long A
ah a. Pert, to, or performed by, the hand; used or streaky cloud, spreading like a horse's
made by hand. — n. A
small book, such as may be tail, and indicating rain. {£ot.) An
conveniently handled; a compendium; a hand-book; aquatic plant, having silicious, jointed
esp. the service-book of the Rom. Cath. church. stems; horse-tail.
{Mus.) The kev-board of an organ or harmonium. Mareschal, mar'shal, n. Same as Mar-
— Man'ufacfure, -fak'chur, n. The operation of shal.
making (wares) by the hands, by art, or machinery; Marge, marj, Mar'gent, mar'jent, n. A
anything made from raw materials. v. t. [manu- margin. —
Mar'' gin, n. A border; edge;
factured (-churd), -Turing.] To make from raw brink; verge; the part of a page at the
materials, by the hand, by art, or machinery to edge left uncovered in writing or print- Comn.
work (materials) into forms for use. Man'ufact''- — ;

ing. {Com.) Difference between the price Mare's-

nrer, n. —
Manufactory, -to-rT, n. house or place A of purchase and sale of an article, which {Bot.)

sun, cube, full ; moon, ftfot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MARGRAVE 240 MARTELLO TOWER
leaves room difference between the out-
for profit ; line-spike, n. An iron tool, tapering to a point, to
lay, expense, number, or amount of anything as es- i
separate strands of arope, in splicing.
timated, and that which is actually required or in- Marmalade, mar'ma-lad, n. A pasty or jelly-like pre-
curred. (Stock Exchange.) Money whicn one specu- 1

serve made of the pulp of fruit, boiled with sugar.

lating in stocks deposits with his broker, to secure Marmoreal, mar-mo^re-al, -rean, a. Pert, to, or like,
1

him against loss.— v.t. [margined (-jind), -going.] made of, or having the qualities of, marble.
To furnish with a margin; to border; to enter in the Marmoset, mar'mo-zet', n. A small, agile, wary S.
- margin of a page. —
Mar 'ginal, a. Pert, to, written
j

j
Amer. monkey, having soft fur, sharp, hooked nails,
or printed in, etc.— Mar'ginate, -jT-nat, -gina'ted, a. I and a long, thick, hairy, non-prehensile tail.
Having a margin. Marmot, mar'niot, n. A burrowing and hybernating
Margrave, mar'grav, n. Orig., a lord of the borders rodent of Europe, Asia,
or marches, in Germany; a nobleman of a rank and America, of many
equivalent to that of an English marquis. — Mar / - species, most of whicn
gravate, -gra'viate, -vf-at, n. The territory or juris- (as the marmot of the
diction of, etc.— Mar'gravine, -ven, n. The wife of Alps and Pyrenees and
a margrave. the prairie dog of Amer.
Marigold, mer'- or mar'Y-gold, n. A
plant of several live in communities,
genera, bearing yellow, orange, or brown flowers. while others (as the
Marine, ma-ren', a. Pert, to the sea, ocean, naviga- Amer. woodchuck) are
tion, naval affairs, etc.; naval; nautical. (Geol.) solitary.
Formed by the action of currents or waves of the Maroon, ma-roon
/r
n. A
sea. —
n. A soldier serving on shipboard; the sum of fugitive slave living on
,
Alpine Marmot.
naval affairs; naval economy; collective shipping of the mountains in the W. Indies and Guiana. v. t. —
a country. —
Mar'iner, -T-ner, n. One who pursues
|

[marooned (-roond'), -ROONING.] To put (a sailor)

—
I

a sea-faring life; a seaman: sailor. Mar'itime, -T- I

ashore on a desolate isle, under pretense of his hav-
tim, a. Bordering on the ocean; connected with the ing committed crime.
sea by situation, interest, power, etc.; pert, to navi- 1

Maroon, ma-roon'', a. Brownish-crimson; of a claret

gation and naval affairs. j
color.— n. A
claret color.
Mariolatry, ma-rt-oKa-trt, n. The worship of the Marplot. See under Mar.
Virgin Marv. Marque, Marquetry, Marquis, etc. See under Mark.
Marionette, mar / t-o-net'', n. A puppet made to act a
;

.
Marriage, etc. See under Marry.
part in a miniature pantomime. Marroon. Same as Maroon, a.
Marital. See under Marry. I
Marrow, mar^ro, n. (Anat.) A soft, oleaginous sub-
Maritime. See under Marine. stance contained in the cavities of animal bones.
Marjoram, mr.r /'jo-ram, n. A
plant of the genus Orig- The essence best part. — Mar/row-bone, n. A bone
;

anum, of several species the sweet marjoram is

: containing marrow, pi. The bone of the knee the
aromatic, ard used in cookery. knees. — Mar'rowfat, n. A rich but late variety
;

Mark, mark, n. A visible sign or impression, as a line, I

of pea. — Mar'rowless, a. Mar'rowy, -ro-1, a. —
point, figure, streak, scratch, etc., made or left upon Abounding in marrow
or pith; pithy.
anything; a token; trace; a significative token; esp., Marry, mar'rY, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To unite
a permanent impression of one's activity or charac- in wedlock or matrimony; to dispose of in wedlock,
ter; distinguished preeminence; a character made, give away as wife; to take for husband or wife; to
instead of signature, by one who cannot write; a unite closely.— v. i. To unite as husband and wife.
thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach. {Log- — Mar'riage, -rij, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ;
ic.) Acharacteristic or essential attribute; a differ- legal union of a man and woman for life matri-
ential. — v. t. (miirkt), marking.] To
[marked mony wedlock wedding nuptials. Mar'ital^
; ; ;
— ;

make a visible sign upon, affix a significant mark to; a. Pert, to a husband. [F.; L. maritalis.~]
to notice the marks of, give attention to, remark, re- Mars, marz, n. (Lot. Myth.) The son of Jupiter and
gard, note, observe, betoken, brand, v. i. To take — Juno, and god of war. (Astron.) The planet of the
particular notice, note. —
Letter of marque, -mark. solar system next beyond the earth, conspicuous for
A license from the supreme power of a state to its the redness of its light.— Mar 'tial, -shal, a. Pert, or
subjects, to make reprisals beyond its marches or suited to war; military; given to war; brave; pert. to
borders ; esp. a commission authorizing a private —
army and navy, opp. to civil.— Martial law. An
armed vessel, in time of war, to take the property of arbitrary kind of law, extending to matters of civil
a hostile state or of its subjects; the vessel so com- as well as of criminal jurisdiction, and proclaimed
missioned ; a privateer. — Mar'quetry, -ket-rl, n. only in times of war, insurrection, rebellion, or
Inlaid work ; work inlaid with pieces of divers col- emergency: it is quite distinct from military law.
ored wood, shells, etc. — Mar'quis, -kwis, n. A Marseilles, mar-salz', n. A fabric formed of 2 series
nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a of interlacing threads, forming double cloth, quilted
rank next below that of duke. — Mar'quess, -kwes, in the loom, —
first made in Marseilles, France.
n. A marquis. — Mar'quisate, -kwiz-et, n. The Marsh, marsh, n. A
tract of low, wet land, at times
seigniory, dignity, or lordship of _a marquis. — Mar'-
/r
covered with water; a fen; swamp; morass.
chioness, -shun-es, Marquise'', -kez n. The wife of Marshal, mar'shal, n. An officer of high rank, charged
a marquis. — Marquee', -ke', n. A large field-tent.
,

with the arrangement of ceremonies, conduct of op-

Mark, mark, n. A German silver coin=100 G. pfennig erations, etc.; as, a harbinger, pursuivant; or one
or about 24 cents. who regulates rank and order at an assembly, di-
Market, market,?*. A public place or building where rects the order of procession, etc. ; or the chief offi-
provisions, cattle, or other goods are exposed for sale cer of arms, who regulates combats in the lists; in
occasion when goods are publicly bought and sold France, the highest military officer. (Am. Law.) A
at private sale; a fair; gathering of people on such ministerial officer, who executes the process of the
an occasion; a town, region, country, etc., where an courts of the Lnited States, and has duties similar
article maybe disposed of by sale or barter; demand to a sheriff's: the name is also sometimes applied to
and sale; exchange, —v. i. To buy or sell; to make certain police officers of a city. v. t. [marshaled —
bargains. —
Marketable, a. Fit to be of- (-shald), -shaling.] To dispose in order, arrange in
fered for sale ; salable current in market.
; a suitable manner, as troops or an army; to lead, as
Marl, marl, n. A
mixed earthy substance, a harbinger.
consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and Marsupial, mar-su^pt-al, a. (Zobl.) Having a pouch
silicious sand. —
v. t. [marled (marld), for carrying the immature young after birth; pert.
marling.] To overspread or manure with to the group of quadrupeds having, etc. ; pert, to the
marl. pouch of the marsupials. n. One of the marsupial—
A
J

Marline, marlin, n. (Naut.) small line animals.

composed of 2 strands a little twisted, for M "{£ e A
'
Mart, mart, n. place of sale or traffic; a market.
winding round rnpes, to prevent their being p Martello Tower, mar-teKlo-tow-'er. (Fort.) round A
fretted by the blocks, etc. —v. t. To wind marline tower of masonry, erected on the sea-coast, bearing
around. —Marl, v. t. To wind with, etc. Mar /- — a gun that may be fired in any direction.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 MARTEN 241 MASTURBATION
Marten, marten, n. A carnivorous animal of several
blage bulk magnitude size chief component ; ; ; ;

species, allied to the weasel portion; principal part; main body. {Physics.) The
its fur, used for hats, muffs, quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespec-
etc. tive of its bulk or volume. v.t. To form into a
Mar-text. See under Mar. mass, or a collective body; to assemble. Mass'- —
Martial. See under Mars. ive, -iv, a. Forming, or consisting of, a large mass ;
Martin, mar'tin, Mart'let, n. compacted; weighty; heavy. {Min.) Having a crys-
A species of swallow which talline structure, but not a regular form. Mass'- —
builds its nest about the iveness, n. State or quality of being massive. —
eaves, etc., of houses. Mass'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Compacted into, or
Martinet, mar'tiii-et', n. consisting of, a mass; solid; bulky and heavy.
{Mil.) A
strict disciplina- Mass, mas, n. The communion service, or the consecra-
rian ;a pedantic officer. Marten. tion and oblation of the host in Rom. Cath. churches.
[Name of an officer in the French army under Louis Massacre, mas'sa-ker, n. The killing of numbers of
XIV.] (JStaut.) small A human beings by indiscriminate slaughter cold-
line fastened to the leech blooded destruction of life butchery carnage. ; ;
;

—
of a sail, to bring it close v.t. [massacred (-kerd), -cring.] To murder cru-
to the yard when the sail elly, butcher, slaughter indiscriminately.
is furled. Masseter, mas-se'ter, n. {Anat.) A muscle which
Martingal, mar'tin-gal, raises the under jaw, and assists in chewing.
-gale, -gal, n. A strap fas- Massicot, mas'si-kot, Mas'ticot, n. {Chem.) Pro-
tened to a horse's girth, toxide of lead, or yellow oxide of lead.
passing between his fore Massive, etc. See under Mass, body or lump.
legs, and ending in 2 rings, Martin. Mast, mast, n. {JSraut.) pole, long round timber, A
through which the reins pass, to hold down his head, spar, or iron pillar set upright in a vessel, to sustain
and prevent him from rearing. {Xaut.) lower A
the sails, yards, rigging, etc. see Ship. v. t. To : —
stay for the jib-boom or flying-jib-boom the short, furnish with, etc. ;

perpendicular spar (= dolphin-striker) under the Mast, mast, n. The fruit of the oak, beech, or other
bowsprit end, which forms a strut for the stay: see forest trees; nuts; acorns.
Ship. {Gambling.) Act of doubling the amount Master, nias'ter, n. superior; leader; chief, em- A —
lost on the preceding stake. ployed as a title of respectful address, also, familiarly
Martlet. See Martin. to an inferior or a boy a ruler, governor, director, or ;

Martyr, mar'ter, n. One who, by his death, bears manager: esp. an owner or possessor; proprietor; a
witness to the truth of the gospel one who sacri- person having others under his authority; the direc-
;

fices his life, or what is of great value, for any prin- tor of a school; teacher; instructor; one highly skilled
ciple or cause. v. t. —
[martyred (-terd), -tyring.] in any occupation, art, or science {Naid?) The com- .

To put to death on account of faith or profession mander of a merchant ship an officer in the navy, ; ;

to persecute as a martyr, torment, torture. Mar A- subordinate to captains and lieutenants in com-
tyrdom, -dum, n. The condition or death of a martyr. mand, who navigates the vessel. v. t. [mastered —
Marvel, mar'Vel, n. That which arrests the attention, (-terd), -TERrNG.J To become the master of; to con-
and causes admiration or surprise: a wonder prod- quer, overpower, subdue to become an adept in. —
igy ; miracle. v. i. — [marveled (-veld), -vel-
;

Mas'terly, -ll, a. Indicating thorough knowledge

;

ing.] To be struck with surprise or admiration; to or skill most excellent imperious domineering
wonder. —
Mar 'velous, -us, a. Exciting wonder or arbitrary. Mas'tery, -T, n. Act of mastering ;
;

— ; ; ;

surprise prodigious
; surpassing belief
; improba- position or authority of a master supremacy supe-
; ; ;

ble: incredible. riority in competition preeminence victory in ; ;

Masculine, mas'ku-lin, a. Of the male sex net fe- war; eminent skill.— Mas'ter-piece, n.
; capital A
male having the qualities of a man virile not
; performance; a chef-d'oeuvre.
; Maes'tro, ma-es /'-
; —
effeminate unwomanly. {Gram.) Having inflec-
; tro, n. master in any art, esp. in music a com- A ;

tions, or construed with words, pert. esp. to male poser.

beings, as disting. fr. feminine and neuter. Mastic, Mastich, mas'tik, n. low, shrubby tree of A
Mash, mash, v. t. [mashed (masht), mashing.] To the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean, pro-
crush by beating or pressure; to bruise. {Breiving ducing a valuable resin; the resin of the mastic tree,
and Distilling.) To steep ground grain and crushed used as a chewing gum, as an aromatic and astrin-
malt in warm water. — n. A mixture or mass of in- gent, and in varnishes; a cement used for plastering
gredients, beaten or blended together in a promis- walls, etc. Mas'ticate, -tT-kat, v. t. To grind —
cuous manner. with the teeth, and prepare for swallowing and
Mask, mask, n. A
cover for the face, with apertures digestion to chew.— Mastica'tion, n. Act or opera- :

for the eyes and mouth a visor that which dis- ; tion of, etc.
; Mas'tica- — ^mb»h
guises a pretext or subterfuge a festive entertain-
; ; tory, -tT-ca-to-r 1,
ment in which the company wear masks a mas- Chewing; adapted to ;
1

?.uerade; revel; piece of mummery a dramatic per- perform the office of

;

ormance writteu in a tragic style, introducing such chewing food. n. —

characters that the actors must be masked. — A
[masked (maskt), masking.] To conceal with a
mask, disguise, cover, hide.
disguised. -Masque, mask, n.
v. i. —
v. t.

To revel to be
A
{Med.)

saliva.
substance to
be chewed to increase the

mask; masquer- Masticot. See Massicot.

;
^>
ade. [F.]— Mas'querade', mas'ker-ad' n. An as- Mastiff, mas'tif, n. ; pi. -
Mastiff.
,
sembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing -tiffs. A large and trusty variety of dog, of great
themselves with dancing, conversation, etc.; elabo- strength and courage.
rate hiding of what is true under a false show; dis- Mastodon, mas'to-don, n. An extinct mammal re-
guise. —
v. i. To assemble in masks, go in disguise. sembling the elephant, but
— Mj.s'querad'er, n. larger, and having mas-
Mason, ma'sn, n. A
builder in stone or brick; a brick- toid processes on the teeth.
layer stonemason a member of the fraternity of
; ; Mas'toid, -toid, a. Re- —
Freemasons.— Ma 'noary, -sn-rt, n. Art or occupa- sembling the nipple or
tion, work or performance, of a mason; art of build- breast. Mastol'ogy, -o-jT, —
ing, or that which is built, with stone or brick; craft n. Natural history of ani-
or mysteries of Freemasons. —
Masonic, -son'ik, a. mals which suckle their
Pert, to the craft of Freemasons. young.
Masora, ma-so'ra, n. A
critical Rabbinical work on Masturbation, mas-ter-ba'- c , #•»«•„„ . .

the text of the Hebrew Scriptures. shun, n. Production of the Skeleton of Mastodon,
Masque, Masquerade, etc. See under Mask. sexual orgasm by handling one's private parts, —
Mass, mas, n. A body or lump of solid matter; a body degrading and health-destroying vice onanism ; ;

of fluid matter a quantity collected; heap; assem-

; self-pollution.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
16
 MAT 242 MAUL-STICK
Mat, mat, n. A
texture of sedge, rushes, husks, etc., j
the female head of a household esp. an elderly, ;

for cleansing shoes or to cover a part of the floor; a ;

motherly woman; a head nurse in a hospital; a fe-
rug; any similar fabric for various uses anything ; male superintendent of any institution.
— v. To
I

growing thickly, or closely interwoven. t. Mathematic, math-e-mat'ic, -ical. a. Pert, to, or ac-
cover or lay with mats; to twist together, interweave. cording to the principles of, mathematics: theoreti-
— —
.

v. To become interwoven like a mat. — Mat'-

i. ! cally precise very accurate.
; Mathematically,
ting, n. Mats collectively materials for mats a
; ;
\
udv. According to the principles of mathematical
carpet made of straw, etc., or a texture used in science; demonstrably.— Matb/emati'cian, -tish'an,
packing goods, etc.
j

n. One versed in mathematics. —Mathematics, n.

Matadors, mafa-dor, n. One of the 3 principal cards Science of the properties, measurement, and exact
in the of omber and quadrille the man ao-
game ; relations of numbers, quantities, or magnitudes, and
pointed to the bull in bull-fights.
kill ot the methods and processes by which problems are
Match, mach, ». A
combustible substance used for solved, —
including arithmetic, geometry, algebra,
retainiug, conveying, or communicating fire; a small etc.
strip of wood, etc.. having one end covered with a
j

Matin, rnat'in,a. Pert, to, or used in the morning.—

composition which ignites by friction. Match/- — n. Morning worship or service, prayers or song ;

lock, n. The lock of a musket containing a match time of morning service: the first canonical hour m
for firing it a musket fired by a match.
; the Rom. Cath. church. — Matinee, -e-na, n. A re-
Match, mach, n. A
person or thing equal to another ception or entertainment in the early part of the
in quality an equal mate a bringing together of
; ; ; day. —
Mat'uti'nal, Mat'utine, -u-tln, a. Pert, to
2 parties suited to one another, as for a union, a trial the morning; early.
of skill or force, etc. a contest to try strength or ; Matrass, mat'ras, n. An egg-shaped glass chemical
skill, or to determine superiority a marriage a can- vessel with tapering neck, used for distilling, digest-
didate for matrimony. v. t. [matched (macht), — ; ;

ing, etc.
matching.] To be a mate or match for ; to rival Matress. See Mattress.
successf ully to furnish with its match Matricide, Matrimony, etc. See under Maternal.
|

; to bring a ;
;

mate, match, or equal, against to set in competi- ; i

Matrix, ma'triks, Matrice, ma'tris or mafris, n. ; pi.
tion to make equal, proportionate, or suitable
; to ; Mat'rices, -rl-sez. (Anat.) The womb.
marry, give in marriage. v. i. To be united in j

|
That which gives form or modifies any- f
marriage; to be of equal size, figure, or quality; to thing; as, (Mech.) a mold, as for the face
tally, correspond. —
Matchless, a. Having no of a type; (Min.) the earthy or stony sub-
I

—
Match'-maker, n. One who stance in which metallic ores or crystalline
equal unrivaled.
;

contrives a marriage. mak'ing, ". —

Mate, mat, n.
One who customari^ associates with another; acorn-
—
minerals are found; pi. (Dyeing.) the 5
simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and
\

panion a husband or wife a bird or animal which yellow, of which all the rest are composed.
]

has paired with one of the opposite sex; one suitable

;

Matric'ulate, -trik'u-lat, v. t. To enter I

j

—
to be a companion; a match. (X~aut.) An officer in or admit to membership in a body or soci-
a merchant vessel next below the captain; an assist- ety, esp. in a college or university, by en-
ant. —
v. t. To match, marry, pair to match one's rolling the name in a register. n. One
j

—
self against, compete with. matriculated.
;

Matric'ula'tion, Act — r,

Materia, ma-te'rT-a, n. Matter; substance. Mate-] of, etc. — Matrix.

ria medica. (Med.) All substances used as curative Matron, etc. See under Maternal. I

agents in medicine science of the nature and prop- Matter, maftSr, n. That of which the sensible uni-
;

erties of substances used for the cure of diseases. verse and all existent bodies are composed body — \

; ;

Mate'rial, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, matter substance that of which anything is composed ; ; ;

physical pert, to, or affecting, the physical nature

; material or substantial part of anything that with ;

of man, as disting. f r. the moral or religious nature regard to, or about which, anything takes place ;

of solid or weighty character of consequence, not subject of thought, emotion, speech, or action con-
; ;

to be dispensed with. (Logic.) Pert, to the matter, cern; affair: business; thing of consequence; impor-
as opposed to the form, of a thing. Corporeal bod- tance; moment; inducing cause or occasion indefi- ; :

ily; weighty; momentous; essential. n. Substance —

nite amount, quantity, or portion; pus; purulent sub-
of •which anything is or may be made. Mate'ri- —
stance. (Print.) Copy; tvpe set up. (Metaph.) That I

alism, -izm, n. Doctrine of materialists tendency which is the subject of any mental operation or psy-
;

to give undue importance to material interests; de- chological or logical process; substance, as opp. to
votion to the material nature and its wants.— Mate'- form. v.i. [mattered (-t?rd), -tering.] To be j
—
rialist, n. One who denies the existence of spiritual of importance to import, signify to form pus or ; ;

substances, and maintains that the soul of man is matter, maturate.

the result of a particular organization of matter in Matting. See under Mat.
the body; one who maintains the existence of mat- Mattock, maftok, n. A kind of pickax, with ax and
ter, — disting. fr. the ideali.pt, who denies it.
/r
Ma- adze-shaped eutting ends, instead of —
te / rialist ic, -ist'ical, a. Pert, to materialism or points.
materialists. —
Mate'rial'ity, -i-tT, n. Quality of Mattress, maftres, n. A bed stuffed
being material; material existence; corporeity; im- with hair, moss, or other soft mate-
portance. —
Mate'rialize, i>. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] rial, and quilted or tied.
To reduce to a state of matter, regard as matter to Mature, ma-fur', a. Brought by nat- ; ;

explain by the laws or principles appropriate to mat- ural process to completeness or per-
with material instead of moral or Mattock. j

ter to occupy
; completely i
fection of development;
religious interests. (Spiritualism.) To pretend to worked out; fully digested: come to suppuration;
present a spirit or departed soul under a material ripe. —v. t. [matured (-turd'), -Turing.] To briHg
—
!

form or body. Materially, adv. In the state of or hasten to perfection ormaturity: to perfect, ripen;
matter; in its essence; substantially; in an impor- to make fit or ready for a special" use. v. i. To be- —
tant manner or degree; essentially.— Mate'rialness, come ripe or perfect: to become due, as a note.—
n. State of being material importance. Mate- : — Mature'ness, Maturity, -rt-H, n. State of being
riel, -ta're-el, n. That in a complex system which mature; ripeness; termination of the period a note
constitutes the materials, or instruments employed, has to run.
disting. fr. the personnel, or men. Matutinal, Matutine. See under Matin.
Maternal, ma-ter'nal, a. Pert, to, or becoming a Maudlin, mawd'lin, a. Drunk fuddled stupid
; ; ;

mother; motherly. — Mater'nity, -nt-tY, n. State, weak or silly, as if half drunk: sickly sentimental.
character, or relation of a mother. Mafricide, -rt- — Manger, -gre, maw'ger. prep. In spite of; in opposi-
sid, n. The murder, also the murderer, of one's tion to; notwithstanding.
—
mother. Mafrimony, -ri-mo-nY, n. Union of man Maul, mawl, n. A large, heavyhammer or beetle, usu-
and woman as husband and wife; the nuptial state; ally of wood. v. t. —
[mauled (mawld), mauling.]
marriage; wedlock. —
Matrimo'nial, a. Pert, to, or To beat and bruise.
derived from, marriage; connubial; conjugal; nup- Maul-stick, mawl'stik, n. The stick used by painters
tial: hymeneal. - Mav tron. n. A married woman; to keep the hand steady in working.

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 MAURESQUE 243 MECHANIC
Mauresque. See under Mooe. base; ignoble; humble; poor; degraded; degenerate;
Mausoleum, ma w-so-le'um, n. A magnificent tomb, or vile; servile; despicable; paltry: sordid.
stately sepul- <^.. Mean, men, a. Occupying a middle position inter- ;

chral monu- vening; intermediate in excellence. (Math.) Aver-

ment, chapel, age ; having an intermediate value between 2 ex-
or edifice. — tremes. n. —
That which is intermediate between 2
Mausole ' an, extremes middle point, place, rate, or degree me-
; ;

a. Pert, to a dium. (Math.) A

quantity having an intermediate
mausoleum ;
value between several others, from which it is de-
monumental. rived, and of which it expresses the resultant value;
Mauve, mov, n. average. Intermediate agency or measure, instru-
A purple or ment, —
usually in pi. (means), but with a singular
lilac colcring attribute or predicate; pi. resources; property; rev-
matter ob- enue.— Mean'time, -while, adv. In the intervening
tained from time; during the interval.
aniline; t h e Mean, men, y. t. [meant (ment), meaning.] To have
color itself. in mind, view, or contemplation; to intend; to pur-
Mavis, ma'vis, pose, design; to signify, indicate, denote. Mean /'- —
n. (Ornith.) Mausoleum. ing, n. That which is meant; intent; purpose; aim;
The throstle or song-thrush. that which is signified; sense; import.
Maw, maw, n. A stomach of one of the lower ani- ; Meander, me-an'der, n. A
winding course; a turning
mats, or, in contempt, of a man in birds, the craw. in a passage; an intricate or tortuous movement.
— Maw'-worm, n. (Med.) An intestinal worm.
;

v. t. [meandered (-derd), -dering.] To wind, turn,

Mawkish, mawkish, a. Apt to cause satiety or loath- |
or flow round. —
v. i. To wind or turn.
ing; nauseous; disgusting; squeamish. Measles, me'zlz, 7i.pl. (Med.) A
very contagious dis-
Maxillar, maks'il-lar, -lary, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the ease, with inflammatory fever, catarrhal symptt ms,
A
j

jaw.— Maxillary bone. bone of either jaw, having and an eruption of red points grouped in circles or
an alveolar process in which the teeth are set.
j

crescents,— it is often fatal, or leaves dreaded seque-

Maxim, makslm, n. An established principle or la?; rubeola. A disease of swine.
proposition a condensed statement of important
; ]
Measure, mezh'er, «. Extent, dimensions, or capacity
practical truth axiom aphorism ; apothegm ad-
; ; : of anything; aggregate measurements to determine
age; proverb.— Max'imum, n.;pl. -ima, -ma. (Math.
j

the shape and size, as for clothing; limit; allotted

and Physics.) The greatest quantity or value attain- |
share, as of action, influence, ability, etc.; modera-
able in a given case greatest value attained by a
; i
tion; due restraint; a standard of dimension: rule by
quantity which first increases and then begins to de- i
which anything is adjusted or judged; an instru-
crease highest point or degree.
; ment for measuring size or quantity; contents of a
May, ma, v. [imp. might (mit).] An auxiliary verb i
vessel by which quantity is measured a stated or ;

qualifying the meaning of another verb, by express- limited quantity or amount undefined quantity;
'

ing ability or possibility or moral power, liberty, ; extent; degree; means to an end; regulated division
permission, allowance or contingency or liability; ; of movement, as, (Dancing.) a grave, solemn style
or modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to of dance, with slow and measured steps; or, (Mus.)
soften a question or remark; or desire or wish. that division of the time by which the air and mo-
May, ma, n. The 5th month of the year; the early part tion are regulated or, (Poeti-y.) meter rhythm
—
; ; ;

of life the flowers of the hawthorn, which bloom hence, a foot. pi. (Geol.) Beds or strata. v. t.
in May.
;

—
May'day, n. The first day of May. v. — [measured (-era), -uring.] To ascertain the extent,
i. To gather flowers on May morning. quantity, capacity, or dimensions of; to serve as the
Mayhem. See Maim. measure of to estimate, value, appraise to pass
; ;

Mayonnaise, ma-on-naz', n. salad compounded of A through or over in journeying to adjust, propor- :

—
oil, vinegar, pepper, and salt, with raw yolks of tion; to allot or distribute by measure. ?;, i. To
eggs; a dish of meat, etc., with this sauce. have a certain extent or bulk. —
Lineal or long meas-
Mayor, ma'gr or mar, n. The chief magistrate of a ure. The measure of lines or distances. Square m. —
city or borough chief officer of a municipal corpo-
; The measure of the superficial area of surfaces in
ration.—May'oralty, -al-tl, n. The office of a mayor. square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc.— Meas'ure-
Maze, maz, n. A
baffling net-work of paths or pas- less. a. Without measure; boundless: endless; vast;
—
sages; confusion of thought; labyrinth; perplexitv ; infinite; immeasurable. Meas'urement, n. Act or
intricacy. v. t. —[mazed (mazd), mazing.] To result of measuring; mensuration; amount or quan-
tity ascertained by measuring; the area.— Meas
/'-
confound with intricacy; to amaze, bewilder.— Ma'-
zy, -zt, a. Perplexed with turns and windings; in- urer, n.
tricate; confusing; perplexing. Meat, met, n. Food in general; flesh of animals; edi-
Me. me, pron. pers. Myself; the person speaking,— ble portion of anything.
objective case of 7. Mechanic, me-kan'ik One who works with ma-
Mead, med, ri. A
fermented liquor made of honey and chines orinstniments; 1
water with malt, yeast, etc.; a drink made of water a workman employed
flavored with sirup of sarsaparilla, etc., and impreg-
nated with carbonic acid gas.
in the mechanic arts;
artificer; artisan; oper- Ij =«^
Mead, med, Mead'ow, med'o, n. tract of low or A a t i ve . — Mechanic,
level grass land, esn. land somewhat wet, but cov- -ical, a.Pert, to, gov-
ered with grass.— Mead'owy, -o-T, a. Pert, to, like, erned by, or in accord-
or consisting of, meadow. ance with, the princi-
Meager, -gre, me'ggr, a. Having little flesh thin ; ; ples or laws of me-
lean; destitute of richness, fertility, strength, etc. chanics; depending
defective in quantity, or poor in quality wanting ; upon mechanism or
strength of diction or affluence of imagery; starved; machinery; done as if
scanty^ barren. by a machine, or with-
Meal, mel, n. A
portion of food taken at one time; a out conscious exertion
repast._ of will; pert, to arti-
Meal, mel, n. Grain coarsely ground and unbolted, sans or mechanics:
esp. oats or maize. —
Meal'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] made by mechanical
Having the qualities of meal soft smooth like ; ; ; means, and not by
meal: farinaceous; dry and friable: overspread with chemical action. Me- —
something that resembles meal. — MeaKy-mouthed, chanical poivers. Cer- Mechanical Powers.
plane
inclined c,
-mowthd, a. Having a soft mouth; unwilling to tell tain simple instru- lever ;

wheel and axle

2,
4, screw
;

5,
the truth in plain language. ments (the lever, in-
pulley G, wedge.
; ;

Mean, men, a. Destitute of eminence ; wanting dig- clined plane, wheel

;

nity of mind destitute of honor of little value

; ; ; and axle, screw, pulley, wedge, and their modifica-
sun, cube, full ; moon, fobc; tow, oil; linger or ipk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MEDAL 244 MELODRAMA
tions) which convert a small force acting through a meditating; close or continued thought; musing; re-
great space into a great force acting through a small flection.— Meditative, -tiv, a. Addicted to, express-
space, or vice versa. — Mechanically, adv. — Me- ing, or appropriate to, etc.
chanlcalness, n. — Mechanician, -nish'an, n. One Mediterranean, med'I-tgr-ralie-an, a. Surrounded by
skilled in mechanics; a machinist. — Mechanics, n. land; inland; pert, to the Mediterranean Sea.
sing. That science which treats of forces and pow- Medium. See under Medial.
ers, and the construction and use of machines and Medlar, medlar, n. A
kind of tree, and its sour, as-
instruments to utilize the laws of matter and motion. tringent fruit, eaten when approaching decay.
— Mecb/anism, -nizm, n. The construction of a ma- Medley. See under Meddle.
chine; the parts of a machine taken collectively. Medullar, me-dullar, Med'ullary, -ul-la-rY, a. Pert,
Mech'anist, n. A maker of machines; one skilled to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow. (Bot.)
in mechanics. Filled with spongy pith; pithy.
Medal, med'al, n. A
coin-shaped piece of metal, with Meed, med, n. That bestowed in consideration of
a device to commemorate an action, event, or person, merit; reward; recompense.
or given as a reward of merit.— Medallion, -yun, n. Meek, mek, a. Not easily provoked or irritated; esp.
A large antique medal a circular or oval tablet,
; submissive to the divine will: gentle; yielding; for-
bearing a portrait or ornament in relief. bearing; unassuming: humble.
Meddle, med-Ml, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To mix Meerschaum, mer'shawm, n. (Min.) Hydrous silicate
with another person s affairs in an unnecessary, im- of magnesia, —
a fine white clay, consisting of mag-
pertinent, or improper manner; to interpose offi- nesia, silica, and water: when first taken out it is
ciously, interfere, intermeddle; to touch or handle. soft, and makes lather, like soap. A
tobacco-pipe
— Mecrdler, n. One who meddles; a busybody.— made of this mineral.
Med'dlesome, -sum, a. Given to meddling; officious- Meet, met, v. t. [met, meeting.] To come together
ly intrusive.— Med'dlesomeness, n. —
Medley, -IT, with from an opposite direction, fall in with to ;

n. A mixture; jumble; hodge-podge. (Mus.) A com- come face to face with, join; to come upon with a
position containing detached passages from several hostile object, encounter; to have befall one, lighton,
different compositions. —
Melange, ma-laNzh'', n. A find, receive.— v. i. To come together by mutual ap-
medley; mixture. [F.]— Mell, v. i. To mix, meddle. proach, converge, join; to come together with hostile
— Melee, ma-la', n. A fight in which the combatants purpose; to assemble together, congregate, collect; to
are mingled in one confused mass; a hand-to-hand agree, harmonize. —
Meeting, n. A
coming togeth-
conflict. er; interview; a congregation: collection of people;
Medial, me'dt-al, a. Pert, to a mean or average; mean. convention; a religious assembly; in Eng., applied
— Me'dian, a. Running through the middle.— Me'- distinctively and disparagingly to a congregation of
diant, n. (Mus.) The 3d above the key-note, so — dissenters.
called because it divides the interval between the Meet, met, a. Adapted, as to a use or purpose; fit;
tonic and dominant into 2 thirds. —
Me'diate, -at, a. proper; convenient; suitable; appropriate.
Being bet'veenthe 2 extremes; middle; intervening; Megalosaur, meg'a-lo-sa wr', -saulus, -sawlus, n. An
acting as a medium; acting by means, or by an in- extinct gigantic carnivorous saurian or lizard. —
tervening cause or instrument. v. i. —
To interpose
between parties, as the equal friend of each; to arbi-
trate, intercede.— v. t. To effect by mediation or in-
terposition. — Me'diately, adv. In a mediate man-
ner; by a secondary cause. —
Media'tion, n. Act of
mediating; action as a necessary condition, means,
or instrument; interposition; intervention; agency
between parties at variance, to reconcile them; en-
treaty for another. — Me'dia'tor, -ter, n. One who
mediates, esp. between parties at variance; interces-
sor; advocate ; propitiator; hence, by way of emi-
nence, Christ is called the Mediator. —
Me'dio'cre,
-dY-o'kr, a. Of a middle quality; indifferent; ordi-
nary; commonplace. —
n. One of indifferent tal-
ents or ordinary abilities.— Medioc'rity, -ok'rl-tl, n.
Quality of being mediocre a moderate degree or rate.
— ;

Me'dium, -dY-um, n. ; L. pi. -dia, -dTf-a, E. pi. -di- Megatherium Cuvieri.

ums, -dY-umz. That which lies in the middle; inter- Megathelium, -thelT-um, n. An extinct gigantic
vening body or quantity; middle place or degree mammiferous edentate quadruped allied to the
mean. (Math.) See Mean. (Logic.) The mean or sloths.
middle term of a syllogism. An intervening or per- Melancholia, mel-an-kolY-a, n. (Pathol.) Mental un-
vading substance; instrumentality of communica- soundness characterized by depression of spirits,
tion; agency of transmission; esp. in animal magnet- unfounded fears, and brooding over one particular
ism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the subject: it often attends disorders of the liver and
action of another being is said to be manifested and digestive organs.— MeKancholy, -kol-T, n. gloomy A
transmitted; a kind of printing paper of middle size. state of mind; dejection of spirits.— a. Depressed in
— Mediaeval, -e'val, a. Of or pert, to the middle spirits; causing dejection; sad; unhappy; hypochon-
ages. [L. sevum, age.] driac; doleful; dismal; afflictive.— Mel'anchol'ic, a.
Medicine, med'Y-sin or med'sn, n. Any substance
administered in the treatment of disease; remedy;
Given to, etc. — Mel'anchol'iness, n.
Melange, Melee, Mell. See under Meddle.
physic; science of the prevention, cure, or allevia- Meliorate, meKyor-at, v. t. To make better, improve,
tion of disease. —Medicinal, -dis'r-nal, a. Having ameliorate. —
v. i. To grow better. Melioration,—
the property of healing or of mitigating disease ; n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; improvement.
pert, to medicine. —Medicinally, adv. Medical, — Melliferous, mel-lif'er-us, Melliflc, a. Producing
-ik-al, a. Pert, to medicine, or the art of healing honey. —
Mellifluent, -lu-ent, -luous, -lu-us, a.
disease ; tending to cure; medicinal ; adapted, in- Flowing as with honey; smooth; sweetly flowing.
tended, or instituted to teach medical science. — Mellow, mello, a. Soft; not hard, harsh, tough, or
Medically, adv.— Medicament, n. Anything used unyielding, —
as, soft with ripeness, ripe or well ;

for healing diseases or wounds medicine

healing broken and lying lightly, as soil; or not hard, coarse,
application. — Medicate, v. t.
;

To tincture or im-
;

or rough to the senses; soft, rich, delicate, said of—

pregnate with anything medicinal; to treat with a sound, color, flavor, etc.; well matured; genial; jovi-
medicine, heal, cure. al with liquor; slightly intoxicated; fuddled. v. t. —
Medieval, Mediocre, etc. See under Medial. [mellowed (-lod), -lowing.] To make mellow,
Meditate, med'I-tat, v. i. To dwell on anything in ripen, soften by age; to pulverize. —
v. i. To become
thought; to revolve any subject in the mind; to in- soft; to be ripened, matured, or brought to perfec-
tend, think, ruminate, cogitate, study. v. t. To tion.
plan, contrive, intend. —
Medita'tion, n. Act of Melodrama, mel-o-dra/ma or -dra'ma, n. A dramatic
$m, f^me, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; JJdd, tone, or
 MELODY 245 MERCtfRY
performance in which songs are intermixed, and broken, decayed, etc.) to alter for the better, set
;

effect is sought by startling, exaggerated, or unnat- right, quicken, hasten to help, further, improve,
ural sentiment or situation. —
MeFodramatlc, a. reform. —
v. i.
;

To grow better, become improved.

Pert, to, or of the nature of, etc. overstrained ; Mendacious, men-da'shus, a. Given to deception ;
—
;

—
coarsely exaggerated. Melodram'atist, n. writer A lying; false. Mendac'ity, -das'Y-tY, n. Quality of
of, etc. being mendacious; disposition to deceive; habit of
Melody. melC'dY, n. Sweetness of sound music. ; lying; a falsehood; lie.
( Miis.) A rhythmical succession of single tones, so Mendicant, men'dl-kant, a. Begging; poor; practicing
related together as to form a musical whole. The air beggary. —
n. One who, etc.; a beggar; esp., one of
or tune of a musical piece. —
Melo'dious, -dY-us, a. the begging fraternity of the Rom. Cath. church. —
Containing melody; agreeable to the ear by a sweet Men'dicancy, -kan-sY, n. Beggary. Mendicity, —
succession of sounds.— Melo'deon, -de-un, n. (Mus.) -dis'Y-tY, n. State of begging; life of a beggar.
A kind of reed instrument, with a key-board, and Menhaden, men-ha'den, n. A salt-water fish used for
bellows worked by the feet. music-hall.A making oil, mackerel bait, and manure; the moss-
Melon, mel'un, re. A
cucurbitaceous plant of many bunker.
species; its fleshy, edible fruit. Menial, me'nY-al, a. Belonging to a retinue of serv-
Melt, melt. v. t. To reduce from a solid to a liquid ants performing servile office pert, to servants
state by heat to soften, as by a warming or kindly
; ;
;

low mean. n. — A
domestic servant a person of
;

;
;

influence to liquefy, dissolve, fuse, thaw, mollify, servile disposition ._

subdue. — ;

v. i. To hecome liquid, dissolve; to pass Meninges, me-nin 'jez, n. pi. (Anat.) The 3 mem-
/

by imperceptible degrees, blend; to be softened to branes enveloping the brain and spinal cord.— Men-
love, pity, tenderness, sympathy ,_etc. to become ingitis, n. Inflammation of one or all of the me-
dissipated or weak. —
MoltCn, molfn, a. Melted;
;

ninges.
made of melted metal. [Obs. p. p. of melt.] Meniscus, me-nis^kus, n.; pi. -cuses. A lens convex
Member, mem ber, n.
/,
A
part of an animal body ca- on one side and concave on the other, having the
pable of performing a distinct office a vital organ; ; concavity less than the convexity. See Lens.
limb; a part of a whole; an independent constituent Meniver, men'T-ver, n. A small white animal of
of a body, as, a part of a discourse, period, or sentence Russia, or its fine fur; the Siberian squirrel.
a clause; {Arch.) a subordinate part of a building, as Mennonite, men'non-it, n. One of a Christian sect in
a frieze, cornice, or molding one of the persons
; Russia and Germany, founded by Simon Menno,
composing a society, community, etc. {Math.) either ; who hold that the New Test, is the only rule of
of the 2 parts of an algebraic equation, connected by faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should
the sign of equality.— Mem/bership, n. State of be- not be baptized, and that oaths and physical force
ing, etc.; collective body of members.— Mem'brane, are unlawful.
-bran, n. (Anat. and Bot.) A
thin, extended cell- Mensal, men'sal, a. Occurring once in a month
ular tissue or skin, covering, lining, connecting, or monthly. —
MenCes, -sez, re. pi. (Med.) The cata-
;

dividing some part, organ, or cavity. Membra- — menial or menstrual discharges, a periodic flow of
nous, -bra-nus, -bra'neous, -ne-us, -branaCeous, blood from the uterus. —
Men'strual, -stroo-al, a.
-na'shus, a. Pert, to, like, or consisting of, etc. Recurring once a month; monthly; pert, to the
Memento, me-menCo, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. sugges- A menses; pert, to a menstruum. (Astron.) Making a
tion or memorial, to awaken memory ; a souvenir. complete cycle of changes in a month.
— MemCry, -o-rt, re. The faculty of the mind by Mensurable, men'shoo-ra-bl, a. Capable of being
which it retains knowledge of previous events, ideas, measured; measurable.— MensuraCion, n. Act, pro-
etc.; time within which past events can be remem- cess, or art of measuring; that branch of applied ge-
bered; remembrance of a person or event preserved ometry which gives rules for finding the dimension
to after-times; state of being remembered; recollec- of objects from measurement of lines and angles.
tion; reminiscence. — Memoir, mem'wor or mc'- Mental, men'tal, a. Pert, to the mind intellectual. ;

mwor, n. A memorial account; familiar history com- — Men'tally, adv. In the mind; intellectually; in
posed from personal experience and memory; a me- idea. —
Men'tion, -shun, n. A brief notice; a cur-
morial of any individual; biography; record of in- sory speaking of anything. v. t. [mentioned —
vestigations of any subject; the journals and pro- (-shund), -tioning.] To direct attention to by a
ceedings of a society. — Mern'orabiKia, -bil'Y-a, re. simple reference; to name.
pi. Things remarkable and worthy of remembrance Mentor, men'tor, re. A wise and faithful counselor or
or record.— MemCrable, a. Worthy to be remem- monitor.
bered; illustrious; celebrated; remarkable; famous. Mephistophelian, mefis-to-feTY-an, a. Pert, to, or
— MemCrably, adv. — Memorandum, re. ; E. pi. like, the devil Mephistopheles ; fiendish crafty. ;

-DUMS,-dumz, L. pi. -da, -da. A

record of something Mephitis, me-fi'tis, Meph'itism, mefY-tizm, n. Foul
which desired to remember. (Laic.)
it is brief A or noxious exhalations from decomposing sub-
note in writing of some transaction, or outline of an stances, etc. —
Mephific, -ical, -fit'ik-al, a. Offen-
intended instrument. —
Memo'' rial, -rY-al, a. Pre- sive to the smell; poisonous; pestilential; destruc-
servative of, or contained in, memory. n. Anything — tive to life.
intended to preserve the memory of a person, occur- Merchant, mSr'chant, n. One who traffics or carries
rence, etc. ; a record a written representation of
; on trade, esp. on a large scale; a trafficker; trader.—
facts or address of solicitation or complaint made to a. Pert, to, or employed in, trade or merchandise.
a legislative or other body. (Diplomacy.) species A Merchantable, a. Fit for market; such as is usually
—
of informal state paper, much used in negotiation.— sold in market, or will bring the ordinary price.
Memo'rialist, re. One who writes or presents a me- Merchantman, n. ; pi. -men. trading vessel; aA
morial.— MemoCialize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] vessel for transporting goods.— Merchandise, -chan-
To present a memorial to, petition by memorial. — diz, n. Act or Dusiness of trading; whatever is usu-
MemCrize, v. t. [-rized (-rlzd), -rizing.] To cause ally bought or sold in trade wares ; goods ; com-
;

to be remembered esp., to record ; to commit to modities.— v. i. [merchandized (-dizd), -dizing.]

—
;

memory, learn by heart. To trade; carry on commerce. Mercantile, -kan-

Men. See Man. til, a. Pert, to merchants, or their business; com-
Menace, menses, v. t. [-aced (-est), -acing.J To mercial. —
Mercenary, -se-na-rT, a. Acting for re-
threaten; to inspire with apprehension. n. Show — ward; serving for pay; hired; moved by considera-
of a disposition or intention to inflict an evil; a threat tions of profit; hireling; venal; sordid; selfish, n. —
or threatening. One who is hired; a hireling; esp. a soldier hired
Menage, men-azh'', re. Housekeeping household af- ; into foreign service. —
M6rCer, n. One who deals
fairs and administration domestic economy train-
; ; in silks and woolen cloths, etc.
ing of animals, as of horses a collection of animals Merciful, Merciless, etc. See under Mercy.
—
;

for exhibition a menagerie.

; MenagCrie, men- Mercury, mer'ku-rY, n. (Bom. Myth.) The son of
azhC-rY, n. A place where animals are kept and Jupiter and Maia, messenger and interpreter of the
trained: esp., a collection of wild or exotic animals, gods, and god of eloquence, commerce, and gain.
kept for exhibition. ( Chem.) A very heavy, expansible metal, white like
Mend, mend, v. t. To repair (anything that is torn, silver, liquid at common temperatures; quicksilver:

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 MERCY 246 METACARPUS
it acts as a poison, andare used in
its compounds Merry,me'r /'rf,a. [-rier,-riest.] Brisk;lively;stirring;
medicine. {Med.) A
salt or preparation of mercury, noisily gay overflowing with good spirits cheer-
; ;

used as a remedial agent, as calomel, blue-pill, etc. ful causing laughter or mirth sprightly joyous
; ; ; ;

(Asiron.) The planet of the solar system, nearest the sportive; pleasant.— Mer'riment, n. Gayety, with
sun. A newsboy; messenger; newspaper. (Bot.) A laughter or noise; noisy sport; hilarity; frolic; jollity.
plant, whose leaves are used for spinach, in Europe; Mersion. See under Merge.
in Amer., certain climbing plants, some of which are Mesalliance, maz'al-le-aNs', n. Misalliance, q. v.
poisonous to the skin, esp. the poison ivy. Mercu'- — Mesdames. See Madame.
rial, -rf-al, a. Having the qualities fabled to belong Mesentery, mes'- or mez'en-ter-Y, n. (Anat.) A mem-
to Mercury; active; sprightly; full of fire or vigor; brane in the cavity of the abdomen, which retains
gay; fickle; changeable; pert, to Mercury, as god of the intestines and their appendages in position.
trade; money-making; pert, to, containing, or con- Mesh, mesh, n. The opening or space inclosed by the
sisting of, mercury. —
Mercu'rialize, v. t. [-ized threads of a net between knot and knot ; net-work.
(-izd), -izing.] (Med.) To affect with mercury. — v.t. [meshed (mesht), meshing.] To catch in a
(Plwtog.) To expose to the vapor of mercury. mesh, insnare.
Mercy mer'sY, n. Disposition to overlook injuries, Meslin. Same as Maslin.
or to treat an offender better than he deserves ; an Mesmerism, mez'm6r-izm, n. The art of inducing an
act or exercise of mercy or favor clemency ; pity ; ; abnormal state of the nervous system, in which the
compassion; leniency; mildness.— Mer'ciful, -sY-ful, actor claims to control the actions, and communi-
a. Full of, having, or exercising, mercv; unwilling cate directly with the mind, of the recipient.— Mes r -
to give pain; compassionate; humane; kind; benig- merist, n. One who practices, or believes in, etc.—
nant.— Mer'ciless, a. Destitute of, or acting without, Mes'merize, v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To bring
mercy; unsparing; relentless; cruel; unfeeling; re- into a state of mesmeric sleep.
morseless; ruthless; pitiless; severe; barbarous; sav- Mesne, men, a. (Law.) Middle; intervening.
age. Mess, mes, n. A dish, or quantity of food prepared
Mere, mer, a. Unmixed pure absolute only this, : ; at one time a number of persons who eat together,
—
; ;

and nothing else; simple; bare. Mere'ly, adv. and for whom food is prepared in common.— v. i.
Purely; utterly; solely. [messed (mest), messing.] To eat, feed to eat in ;

Mere, mer, n. A
pool or lake. company, —v. t. To supply with a mess. — Mess'-
mate, n. A table companion.
/,
Meretricious, mer-e-trish us, a. Pert, to prostitutes ;
like the arts of harlots ; alluring by false show ; Mess, mes, n. A medley mixed mass a disagree- ; ;

gaudily ornamental; in bad taste. able mixture a state of dirt and disorder, a diffi-
Merge, merj, v. t. [merged (merjd), merging.] To
;

cult, embarrassing, or distressing situation. — v. t.

cause to be swallowed up to immerse, immerge. To confuse, disorder, soil.
sink. —i, i. To be sunk, swallowed up, or lost.
;

Message, mes'sej, n. Any notice, word, or communi-

Mer'ger, i. One who, or that which, merges or swal- cation, from one person to another; an official ad-
lows up. (Law.) Absorption of one estate, or one dress, not made in person, but delivered by a mes-
contract, in another. —
Mer'sion, -shun, n. Act of senger. —
Mes'senger, -sen-jSr, n. One who bears a
merging. — Mer gan'ser, message or goes on an errand. (Xaut.) A hawser
-gsfh/ser, n. A migratory, wound round the capstan, used for heaving in the
crested, fish-eating, slen- cable. (Law.) A person appointed to perform cer-
der-billed water -fowl, of tain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolv-
several species, allied to the ent laws.
ducks. Messiah, mes-si'a, n. Christ, the anointed; the Savior.
Meridian, me-rid'Y-an, n. — Messian'ic, -sY-anlk, a. Relating to the Messiah.
Midday ; noon the high-
; Messieurs. See Monsieur.
est point, as of success, pros- Messmate. See under Mess, a dish.
perity, etc. culmination.
;
Merganser. Messuage, mes'swej, n. (Law.) dwelling-house, A
(Astron.) A
great circle of the celestial sphere pass- with the adjacent buildings and lands appropriated
ing through the poles of the heavens and the zenith to the use of the household".
of a given place. (Geog.) An imaginary great cir- Met. See Meet.
cle on the surface of the earth, passing through the Metacarpus, met-a-kar'pus, n. (Anat.) The part of
poles and any given place. a. Pert, to the merid- — the hand between wrist and fingers. See Skele-
ian, or to midday, or to the highest -point or culmi- ton. —
Mefagrarn'matism, -ma-tizm, n. Transposi-
nation. tion of the letters of a name into such a connection
Meringue, ma-rang'', n. as to express some perfect sense applicable to the per-
A soft icing or frosting son named anagrammatism. ; Met' al, mefal or —
(white of eggsandsug- met'l, n. An elementary substance having a peculiar
ar) piled upon a pud- luster, insoluble in water, a good conductor of heat
and electricity, and usually solid at ordinary tem-
I

ding, pie, or confec- I

tion, and browned in peratures the effective power of guns carried by a

;

the oven. [F.] vessel of war; a metallic alloy or compound, such as

Merino, me-re'no, a. brass, bronze, steel, etc. pi. In Eng., the rails of a
Of, or pert, to, a va- railroad.— Metallic, me-tal'lik, a. Pert, to, consist-
riety of sheepwith long ing of, resembling, or of the nature of, metals. —
fine wool made of
; — Met'allize, v. t. [-LizED(-lizd),-LiziNG.] To form
the wool of the merino into metal ; to give its proper metallic properties to.
sheep, or of fine wool — Metalliferous, -er-us, a. Producing metals.—
mixed with cotton. — Merino. Met'alloid, -loid, n. (Chem.) An inflammable, non-
n. A thin fabric, of merino wool, for ladies' wear. metallic body, such as sulphur, phosphorus-, etc.; the
—
Merit, mgr'it, n. Quality or relation of deserving well metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth.
or ill; desert; excellence entitling to honor or reward; a. Like metal; pert, to the metalloids.— Met'allur'-
worth reward deserved that which is earned or gy, -ler'jY, n. The art of working metals esp. the
;

merited.— v. t. To earn by active service, or by any

;

operation of obtaining metals from their ores.

;

—
valuable performance; to be entitled to, deserve, in- Met'allur'gist, n. One skilled in, etc. Met' tie, —
cur. —
Merito'rious, -to'rf-us, a. Possessing merit -tl, n. Element material disposition character
; ; : ;

or desert; deserving of reward or honor; valuable. courage temper temperament susceptible of high
; ;

Merle, merl, n. A blackbird.— Mer'lin, n. (Ornith.) excitement ardor. [Same word a6 metal, used in
;

The smallest of the falcons. wizard. A allusion to the temper of the metal of a swoid-
Merlon, merlon, n. That part of a parapet which blade.]— Met'tled, -tld, a. Having mettle; high-spir-
lies between 2 embrasures. See Embrasure. ited full of fire. —
Met'tlesome, -sum, a. Full of
Mermaid, mgr'mad, n. A fabled marine creature, hav- spirit
;

easily excited
; fiery. Met'amor'phosis, ; —
ing the upper part like that of a woman, and the -m6r'fo-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. Change of form, shape,
lower like a fish. Mer'man, n. —
sea-man, with a A or structure; transformation; change in the form or
fish's tail instead of legs, function of a living body, by a normal process of

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r {
 METE 247 MID
growth. — Met'amor'phose, -fos, n.
Same as Meta- Metropolitan, a. Pert, to a metropolis residing
morphosis. — V. t. [METAMORPHOSED (-iOSt), -PHOS- —
;

in the chief city. n. The bishop presiding over the

ijtg.] To transform, transmute. — Mefaphor, -a- other bishops of a province. (Lat. Church.) An
fer, n. (Rhet.) A short similitude a word suggest- ; archbishop.
ing similitude without a formal expression of com- Mettle, etc. See under Metacarpus.
parison. —
Metaphor 'ic, -fQrlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, Mew, mu, n. A
kind of sea-fowl; a gull.
or comprising, a metaphor figurative tropical. ; Mew, mu, v. t. [mewed (mud), mewing.] To shed
—
;

Metaphysics, -fizlks, n. Science of being; sci- or cast to molt, as a bird, its feathers
; to shut up, ;

ence of mind or intelligence, as disting. from sci- confine in a cage or other inclosure. — v. i. To cast
ence of matter scientific knowledge of mental phe- the feathers, molt, change, put on a new appear-
;

nomena mental philosophy psycholog3r philos- ance. n.— A cage for hawks while mewing; a place
—
; ;

—
;

ophy science of the supernatural.

; Metatar'sus, of confinement. Mews, n. ; pi. Mews'es, muz'ez.
n. (Anat.) The middle of the foot, or part between Prop, the royal stables in London any range of
—
;

ankle and toes. See Skeleton. Metath'esis, me- stables an inclosed space an alley, etc., where
; ;

tath'e-sis, n. ; pi. -SES, -sez. (Gram.) Transposition; stables are situated.

a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word Mew. mu, v. i. To cry ela cat.
cry as a cat. — n. The
are transposed. (Chem.) Interchange of 2 elements — Mewl, mul, v. i. [mewled (muld), me'wling.]
in a reaction.— Metathetlcal, a. Taking place by To cry from uneasiness, as a child; to squall.
metathesis. —
Metemp'sycho'sis, -si-ko'sis, n. The Mezzo, med'zo or met'zo, a. (Mus.) Middle; mean.
passing of the soul of a man after death into some — Mez'zo-rilie'vo, -re-le-a'vo, n. A middle degree
other animal body transmigration. Meleor, -te-
;
— of relief in figures, between high and low relief. —
or, n. Any
transitory phenomenon or appearance M.- sopra'no, -so-pra'no, n. (Mus.) A female voice
in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain, hail, snow, etc.; intermediate in compass between soprano and con-
esp. a transient fiery or luminous body seen in the tralto one having such a voice.— Mez'zotint, -tin'-
;

atmosphere aerolite shooting star.

; Me'teorlc, ;
— to, n. A manner of engraving on copper, in imita-
-te-orlk, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, or consisting tion of painting in India ink.
of, meteors proceeding from a meteor transiently Miasm, mfazm, Miaslna, -ma, n. ; pi. Mias'mata,
;

brilliant influenced by the weather. Meleorite, — -ma-ta. Infection floating in the air; deadly exhala-
;

-It, Me'teor'olite, -o-lit, n. meteoric stone aero- A ; tion noxious effluvia malaria.
; Mias'mal, Mi'as-
;
—
lite. — Me'teorol'ogy, -o-jT, n. Science of the at- matlc, -ical, a. Pert, to, or partaking of the qual-
mosphere and its phenomena, esp. in relation to the miasma.
ities of,
weather. — Meth'od, n. An orderly procedure or Mica, mi'ka, n. (Min.) A mineral easily split into
process; regular manner of doinjr anything orderly extremely thin flexible plates, more or less transpar-
arrangement, elucidation, development, or classifi-
;

ent, and used like glass, in lanterns, etc. Mica'- —

cation. (Nat. Hist.) Arrangement of natural ob- ceous, -shus, a. Pert, to, or containing, mica; split-
jects according to their common characteristics. — ting into laminae or leaves like mica.
Methodic, -ical, me-thodlk-al, a. Characterized Mice. See Mouse.
by method systematic arranged in convenient Michaelmas, mik'el-mas, n. The feast of St. Michael,
order. —Methodically, adv. — Meth'odist, n.
; ;

A celebrated Sept. 29th; hence, autumn.

strict adherent to method, esp. one of an ancient Mickle, mikl, a. Much great. ;

school of physicians. (Theot) One of a sect of Microcosm, mi'kro-kozm, w. little world: a minia- A
Christians, founded by John Wesley, so called from ture society, or institution; hence, man, supposed to
the exact regularity of their lives at Oxford uni- be an epitome of the universe or great world. —
versity. A
person of strict piety; one who lives in Microm'eter, n. An instrument, used with a tel-
the exact observance of religious duties. Meth'- — escope or microscope, for measuring very small dis-
odism, n. Doctrines and worship of the Method- tances, or the apparent diameters of objects which
ists. — Methodistlc, a. Resembling, or partaking subtend very small angles. Mi'croscope, -skop. n. —
of the strictness of, Methodists.
ists. Meth'odize, v. t. — An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combi-
[-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To nation of lenses, for examining objects too minute
reduce to method, ar-
range conveniently.—
Ill lllll llllll M^IMIIM I ^ to be viewed by the naked eye.
a.
Microscopic, -ical,
Made by aid of a microscope resembling a mi-
—
;

. Meth'odiz'er, n. One" who croscope capable of seeing very minute objects;

;

methodizes. Metonymy, — visible only by aid of a microscope.— Micros'copy,

me-ton't-mt or nict'o- -ko-pY, n. Use of, or investigations with, the mi-
niml. (Rhet.) A trope in croscope.
which one word is put for Mid, a. [compar. wanting ; superl. midst or midmost.]
another; a change of' names Situated between extremes middle intervening.
— ; ;

which have some relation Mid'day, a. Pert, to noon; meridional.

to each other. — Mefope. — ?i. The middle of the day; noon. Mid r- —
-o-pe, n. (Arch.) The space Metope, land, a. In the interior country distant
—
;

between the triglypl\s of the Doric frieze, often from the coast; mediterranean. Mid r-
adorned with carved work. night, n. Middle of the night 12 o'clock ;

Mete, met, v. t. To ascertain the quantity, dimensions, p. m. —

a. In the middle of the night very ;

or capacity of by rule or standard; to measure.—

, dark. —Mid lib, n. (Bot.) The main rib of
n. Measure limit boundary. ; Met'age, -ej. n.
; — a leaf, a continuation of the petiole. Mid'- —
Measurement of coal; charge for measuring.— Moo- riff, n. (Anat.) The diaphragm, or respira-
ter, n. One who, or that which, metes or measures; tory' muscle which separates the thorax and
esp. an instrument for measuring the consumption abdomen.— Mid'ships, r<c7r. (Nnut.) In the
of gas, also of water a licensed measurer of coal be- middle of a ship. —
Mid'shipman, n. ; pi.
fore its delivery for sale.
;

— Meier, -tre, n. Rhyth- -mex. A naval cadet holding a petty office in Midrib.
mical arrangement of words into verses, stanzas, a ship of war. —
Mid'dy, -dY,«. Colloquial abbrev. of
strophes, etc. ; number of syllables in a verse, etc. ; midshipman. —
Mid'sum'mer. ??. The middle of the
rhythm measure verse a decimal measure of summer; the summer solstice. Mid'way, n. The
length = 39.37
;

inches.
;

— ;

Met'ric, mEt'rik, a. Pert, middle of the way or distance. a. and adv. In —

to the decimal system of weights and measures, in the middle, etc.; half way. Mid'win'ter, n. The —
which the meter is the unit of linear, square, and middle of the winter; the winter solstice; also the
cubic measure. —
Mefrical, a. Pert, to measure, severe winter weather, which is usually later. Mid r -
or due arrangement or combination of long and heav'en, n. The middle part of heaven, or the sky.
short syllables; consisting of verses; poetically meas- (Astron.) The meridian, or middle line of the heav-
ured: employed in, or obtained by, measurement. ens.— Mid'dle, -dl, a. Equally distant from the ex-
Metheglin, me-theglin, n. A liquor made of honey tremes; mean; medial; mid; intermediate; interven-
and water boiled and fermented; mead. ing.—??. The point or part equally distant from the
Method, Metope, etc. See under Metacarpus. extremities; midst; central portion. Mid'dling, a. —
Metropolis, me-trop'o-lis, n. The mother city chief Of middle rank, state, size, or quality moderate
;

— ;
;

city or capital of a kingdom, state, or country. mediocre medium ordinary.

; Mid 'dlings, n. pi.
;

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<J6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MID&E 248 MILL
A coarse, inferior flour;in high milling, coarse parti- Millen'nial, -nT-al, a. Pertaining to the millen-
cles of the first crushing of the grain, from which nium, or to 1,000 years. —
Millen'nialist. w. One
the best flour is afterwards ground ; in U. S., the who believes that Christ will reign, etc. Milleped, —
portion of a hog between ham and shoulder.— Midst, -le-ped, n. An insect having many feet one of
n. The interior or central part the middle. adv. ; — the myriapods. — Mille- ;

In the middle. pore, -le-por, n. minute A

Midge, mij, n. A name given to several minute but reef-building marine ani-
troublesome species of gnats and flies. mal; its branching coral,
Midwife, mid'wif, n. ; pi. -wives, -wivz. A woman having the surface smooth,
who assists other women in childbirth.—Mid'wifery, and perforated with very
-wif-ri or -wTCf-rf, n. Art or practice of assisting, or minute punctures or cells.
assistance rendered, at childbirth obstetrics. ; — Milleporite, -po-nt, n.
Mien, men, n. External appearance; carriage; bear- A fossil millepore. — Mil-
ing; look; air; aspect; demeanor. lesimal, a. Thousandth;
Miff, mif , n. A
slight degree of resentment. consisting of 1,000 parts.
Might, mit, imp. of May, q. v. — Milligram, Milli-
Might, mit, n. Force or power strength ability gramme'', -gram', n. A Millepora alciconus.
capacity. — ;

Might'y, -T, a. Possessing might for-

;

;
;

metric measure of weight,

cible; strong; valiant; very great; remarkable for being the l-1000th of a gram =
.01876 grain trov, or
size, effect, or qualities; exhibiting or implying .0154 gram avoirdupois. — Milliliter, mil-lil'i-tlr or
power; very excellent; fine. —
ado. In a great de- milll-li'ter, Mil'lili'tre, -le'tr, n. measure of ca- A
gree ; very. pacity=l-1000th of a liter =
.06103 of a cubic inch.—
Mignon, men-yoN' or min'yun, a. Delicate; dainty; Millimeter, mil-lim'e-ter or milli-me'ter, Millime'-
pretty. —
n. A
darling. — tre, -ma'tr, n. A
lineal measure =
l-1000th of a
Mignonette', min'yun-et', =
meter .03937 of an inch.— Mill lea, -ree, -reis, miK-
n. An annual flowering re, n. A
coin of Portugal 1,000 reis =$108.— Mill-=
plant, having a delicate fra- ion, -yun, n. The number of ten hundred thousand,
grance. — Minion, -yun, or a thousand thousand, written 1,000,000; an indef-
M. A favorite; darling; esp. initely large number. —
MiU/ionary, -yun-a-rT, a.
an unworthy favorite ; one Pert, to, or consisting of, millions. Millionth, —
who gains favors by flattery -yunth, a. Last of, or constituting one of, a million
or mean adulation; a servile units. n.— One of, etc. —
Millionaire', -ar', n. One
dependent; a small kind of whose wealth is counted bv millions.— Millier, mel-
printing type, in size be- -ya', n. A
measure of weight =
1,000,000 grains =
tween Drevier and non- 2204.02 lbs. avoirdupois, being the weight of 1 cu.
pareil. meter of water at 4° centigrade. —
Milliard, mil'le-
This line in minion.
ar'', n. A thousand millions.
is Milesian, mi-le'zhan, n. A
Celtic inhabitant of Ire-
— Min'nesing'er, -ne-sing'- land.
Sr, n. Alove-singer; esp. one Miliary. See under Millet.
of a class of Germ, poets and Militate, miKY-tat, v. i. To stand opposed, have weight
musicians of the 12-14th cen- on the opposite side, contend, —
said of arguments,
turies.— Minikin, a. Small; etc.,and followed by against. Militant, a. En-—
diminutive. n.— darling; A gaged in warfare; combating; serving as a soldier.
favorite; a small kind of pin. Mignonette. — Military, -T-ta-rY, a. Pert, to soldiers, to arms,
Migrate, mi'grat, v. i. To change one's place of res- or to war; engaged in the service of soldiers or
idence, esp. to remove to another country to pass ; arms; warlike; becoming a soldier. n. The whole —
to a warmer climate in the autumn, returning in the body of soldiers; soldiery; militia; the army.—
spring, —
said of birds. —
Migration, n. Act of mi- Mili'tia, mY-lish'a, n. The body of citizen soldiers
grating. —Mi'gratory, -to-ri, a. Removing or ac- in a state enrolled for discipline, but engaged in act-
customed to remove, etc. ual service only in emergencies.
Mikado, me-ka'do, n. The title of the Emperor of Milk, milk, n. A
white fluid secreted by female mam-
Japan. mals for the nourishment of their young; white juice
Milage. Same as Mileage: see under Mile. of certain plants; emulsion made by bruising seeds.
Milch. See under Milk. — v.t. [milked (milkt), milking.J To draw milk
Mild, mild, a. Tender and gentle in temper or dispo- from the breasts or udder of; to supply with milk;
sition; not showing severity or harshness; not acrid, add milk to; to draw the substance, contents, etc.,
pungent, corrosive, or drastic; gently affecting the from, esp. surreptitiously, —
as, to milk a telegram,
senses; not violent; soft; calm; soothing placid ; ; to use information designed for others. Milk'er, —
tender lenitive assuasive.
; ; n. One who or that which milks; an animal giving
Mildew, mil'du, n. A peculiar state of decay in living milk. —Milk 'y, -Y, a. Relating to, made of, like,
or dead vegetable matter, cloth, paper, etc., caused or yielding milk; soft; miW; gentle; timorous.
by minute fungi; the fungi which cause such decay. Milk'maid, n. A
woman employed in the dairy.—
— v.t. [mildewed (-dud), -dewing.] Totaintwith Milk'sop, n. A
piece of bread sopped in milk a
mildew. —
v. i. To become tainted with, etc. soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man. Milk'tooth, — ;

Mile, mil, n. A
measure of distance =320 rods, or 5,280 n. ; pi. -teeth. (Far.) The fore tooth of a foal,
feet: the Eng. geographical or nautical mile is l-60th which is cast within 2 or 3 years. One of the decid-
of a degree of latitude, or about 6,079 feet; the Ger- uous or first set of teeth of a child. Milk 'weed, n. —
man short mile is nearly 3.9 Eng. m.; the Ger. long A plant of several species, abounding in a milky
m. 5.75 Eng. m.; the Prussian and Danish m. about juice, and having its seeds attached to a long, silky
4.7 Eng. m. the Swedish m. about 6.625 Eng. m.
;
— down; silkweed. —
Milk'-tree, n. A tree yielding
Mile ' age, Mil'age, mil'ej, n. An allowance for a milky juice; esp. one in which this juice is fit
traveling, as so much by the mile. Mile'post, — for food, as the cow-tree of S. Amer. Milk leg. —
-stone, n. A
post or stone set to mark the space of a (Pathol.) A
swelling of the leg, usually in puer-
mile.— Mil'' foil, -foil, n. (Bot.) An herb yarrow. peral women, caused by inflammation of veins, and
— Mill, n. An imaginary money of account of the
;

having a white appearance due to an accumulation

IT. S. =
l-10th of a cent, or 1-lOOOth of $1. Millen- — of serum or of pus in the cellular tissue. Milch, a. —
nium, -nT-um, n. 1,000 years, a word used to de-— Yielding milk, —
said only of beasts.
note the 1,000 years mentioned in Revelation xx., Mill. U. S. money. See under Mile.
during which Satan will be bound, and holiness tri- Mill, mil, n. A
set-to; pugilistic encounter. v. t. To —
umph throughout the world. —
Millena'rian, -ri-an, beat.
a. Consisting of 1,000 years; pert, to the millennium. Mill, mil, n. An engine or machine for grinding any
— n. One who believes that Clfrist will personally substance, as grain, etc., also for transforming raw
reign on earth 1,000 years. —
Millenary, -na-rT, a.
— material by mechanical processes into a condition for
Consisting of 1,000. n. —
Space of 1,000 years. use; the building, with its machinery, where grind-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 MILLENNIUM 249 MINISTER
ing or manufacturing is carried on. (Calico Print- burrow, tunnel, or hole, in the earth.— v. t. To dig
ing.) A
printing cylinder, of copper, — v.t. [milled away the foundation of, lay a mine under, sap, un-
(mild), milling.] To reduce to fme particles, grind, dermine; to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret
comminute; to pass through a machine or engine; means. — Min'eral, min'er-ai, n. Any natural inor-
to shape or finish by passing through a machine; to ganic substance having a definite chemical composi-
make a raised border or impression around the edges tion. —
a. Pert, to, consisting of, or impregnated
of, or to cut fine grooves or indentations across the with, minerals. —
Min'eralist, n. One versed or
edges of; to stamp in a coining press, coin; to full employed in minerals. — Min' eralize, v. t. [-ized
(cloth). —
High milling. Reduction of the grain to (-izd), -izing.] To make mineral, reduce to a min-
Hour by a succession of crackings, or of slight and eral form, communicate the properties of a mineral
partial crushings, alternately with sifting and sort- to. — v. i. To go on an excursion for observing and
ing the product, —
the method by which New Pro- collecting minerals. — MineraKoey, -jT, n. Science
cess or Jiaxall flour is obtained. Low m. Reduc- of the properties of minerals, their classification,
tion by a single crushing or grinding. Milestone, — etc. —Mineral'ogist, n. One versed in, etc. Min / - —
n. A stone for grinding grain. Mill'er, n. One — eralog'ical, a. Pert, to mineralogy.
who keeps or attends a mill, esp. a grist-mill. (En- Minever, Miniver. Same as Menivek.
tom.) A moth, whose wings appear covered with Mingle, min'gl, v. t. [-gi.ed (-gld), -gling.] To unite
powder, like a miller's clothes. MilPer's thumb, — in one body, mass, or compound; to blend; to mix
n. A small fresh- water fish; the river bull-head of confusedly, irregularly, or promiscuously; to unite
Europe. in society or by ties of relationship; to deprive of
Millennium, Milleped, Milligram, Million, Millreis, purity by mixture; to render impure. v. i. To be —
etc. See under Mile. mixed, be united.
Millet, millet, n. A
grain-bearing grass of several Miniate, Miniature. See under Minium.
species, cultivated in the Orient for its seed and in Minikin, Minion. See under Mignon.
Europe and Amer. as a forage plant. Mil'iary, — Minish, min'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] To
-ya-rT, a. Like, or accompanied with an eruption lessen, diminish. —Minify, -t-fi, v. t. To make
like, millet seeds. small or smaller; to degrade, treat with contempt,
Milliner, mil'lT-ner, n. One who makes head-dresses, speak slightingly of, —
opp. to magnify. Min'now, —
bonnets, etc., for women. — Milliner'y, -neVY, n. -no, n. A very small fresh-
Articles dealt in b}' milliners. water fish, of several spe-
Milt, milt, n. (Anat.) The spleen. cies.— Mi^nor, a. Inferior
Milt, milt, n. The soft, white, spermatic glands of the in bulk, degree, impor-
male fish; soft roe; sperm of the male fish. v. t. To — tance, etc.; less; smaller;
impregnate (the roe or spawn of the female fish). small; pettv; unimportant.
Mime, mim, n. A
kind of farce in which real charac- (Mus.) Less or lower by a Minnow,
ters were depicted; an actor in one. Mim'ic, -ical, — semitone. —
?;. A person under age; a person under

a. Inclined to ape; imitative; consisting of, or authority of parents or guardians; in Eng. and U. S.,
—
formed in, imitation. Mim'ic, n. One who, etc.; a one not vet 21 years of age; a Minorite, or Franciscan
—
mean or servile imitator. v. t. [mimicked (-ikt), friar. (Logic.) The minor term, that is, the subject
-icking.] To imitate for sport, ridicule by imi- of the conclusion; also, the minor premise, that is,
tation, ape, counterfeit, mock. Mim'icker, n. — — that premise which contains the minor term; in hy-
Mimicry, -ik-rT, n. Act or practice of, etc. — pothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. —
Mimo"'sa,-sao/--za,rc. A
genus of leguminous plants, Mi'norite, -it, w. A
Franciscan friar. Minority, —
of many species, including the sensitive plant, so — -nSr'TC-ti, w. State of being, or period during which
called fr. its imitating the sensibility of animal life. one is, a minor, or under age the smaller number.
—
;

Minaret, min^a-ret, n. (Arch.) A

slender, lofty tur- Mi'nus, a. Less; requiring to be subtracted;
ret on or near a Mohammedan mosque, negative. — Minim, n. _fj. ._
having one or more projecting balco- Anything very minute; -J/ f---s
1

1 1 — fl

nies, from which the people are sum-

moned to prayer.
a ^u
<v

A
single drop.
r ii. uiu^i.
half note, equal in
(Mus.)
v-"*">'7 J*^ 1
-^~A 1
—
Minatory, min'a-to-ri, a. Threatening time to 2 quarter notes,
menacing.
;

or crochets. Min- — Minims.

Mince, mins, v. t. [minced (minst); imize, v. t. [-mized (-mlzd), -mizing.] To reduce
mincing.] To cut into very small to the smallest part or proportion possible. Min' - — -

pieces; to hash; to diminish in speak- imum, n. ; pi. -ma, -ma. The least quantity assign-
ing, extenuate to clip (words, or ex- able in a given case; smallest amount; lowest point
—
;

pressions'). v.i. To walk with short or degree; a thing of small consequence; trifle.—
steps, or to speak softly, with affected Min'uend, -u-end, n. (Arith.) The number from
nicety. — Mince'-pie, n. A pie made which another number is to be subtracted. — Min-
with minced meat and other ingre- uet, -u-et, n. A
slow, graceful dance; a tune to reg-
dients baked in paste. Min'cingly, — ulate^toe movements in the dance so called. -
adv. In a mincing manner: with af- Minute*, mt-nuf, a. Very small, little, or slender;
fected delicacy. slight; attentive to small things; fine; critical; ex-
Mind, mind, n. The intellectual or rational faculty act: circumstantial: detailed. Minutely, adv.— —
in man ; the understanding the entire spiritual na-
; Minute'ness, n—
Min'ute, minlt, w. The 60th part
ture; soul; state of the faculties of thinking, willing, of an hour; t>0 seconds. (Geom.) The (iOth part of
choosing, etc.; as, opinion, sentiment, belief ; choice, a degree. A
note in writing to preserve the mem-
desire, purpose courage, spirit memory remem- ory of anvthing.— v. t. To make a note of; to jot
;

brance; recollection, —v. t. To attend to; to notice,

; ;

—
down. Min^utely, -it-It, adv. Every minute; rap-
mark, regard, obey. v. i. —
To be inclined, or dis- idly. — Minulia, -shT-a, n. ; pi. -ti.e, -shl-e. A
posed to incline.
—»Mind'fUl, -ful, a.Mind'ed, —a. Disposed; inclined. minute particular; the smallest detail.
Attentive; heedful; observant. Minister, minls-ter, n. A
servant subordinate as- ; ;

Mine, min, a. Belonging to me; my, used, as a pro- — sistant of inferior rank one to whom is intrusted
;

nominal adjective, placed always in the predicate; the direction of affairs of state the representative ;

also, attributively, in the old style, before a noun of a sovereign or government at a foreign court; em-
beginning with a vowel, for my; also as a possessive bassador; one who serves at the altar pastor of a
pronoun, equivalent to of me, or, belonging to me; church; clergyman; parson; priest. v. t. [min- —;

often used in the predicate standing for the noun to istered (-terd), -teking.] To furnish, afford, sup-
which it belongs. ply, administer. v. i. —
To act as a. servant, attend-
Mine, min, n. A subterranean cavity or passage; esp. ant, or agent to serve in any office, sacred or secu-
;

a pit from which mineral substances are dug or lar; to afford supplies, give things needful, serve,
(Mil.) a cavity filled with powder, under a fortifica-
;

officiate, administer, contribute. Ministry, -is-trT, —

tion or other work, for blowing up the superstruc- n. Act of ministering ministration ; instrumen-
;

ture; a rich source of wealth or other good. — v.i. tality; office, duties, or functions of a minister; the
[mined (mind), mining.] To dig a mine; to form a body of ministers the clergy
; the ministers oi ;

siin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 MINIUM 250 MISPICESL
state: business: employment. —
Ministe'rial, -rT-al, Mirk, mSrk, a. Dark; murky, n. Darkness; gloom. —
a. Pert, to ministry, or to the performance of ser- — Mirk'y, -I, a. Dark obscure. [See Murky.] ;

vice, or of executive office pert, to the office of a

; Mirror. See under Miracle.
minister: executive, embassadorial, or sacerdotal; Mirth, merth, n. High excitement of pleasurable
official; cleric il: priestly: ecclesiastical. Ministe'- — feelings in company noisy gayety merriment ; ;

rially, ado.— Min'istrant, a. Performing service fun; frolic: festivity; jollity. —Mirth 'ful, -Jul, o.
as a minister; acting under command. Ministra'- — Full of mirth merry jovial festive. Mirth'- —
—
; :

—
;

tion. n. Act of performing service; office of a fuliy, wlv. Mirthlulness, n. Mirthless, a.

minister; ecclesiastical function. Min'strel, v. — Without mirth.
One of an order of men, in the middle ages, who Mirza, mSr'za, re. The common title of honor in
sang verses to the harp, etc.; a bard: singer; harper: Persia: appended to a name, it signifies prince.
a singer and musician, —
often applied esp. to one Misadventure. mis-ad-ven'chur, n. An unfortunate
-who performs at comic entertainments. Min'- — adventure; ill luck; accident; mishap; disaster.
streisy, -sT, n. Arts and occupation of minstrels ; Misalli'ance, -li'ans, M.s'alliance', mez'al-le-aNs',
a collective body of minstrels, or of their songs. n. Improper association; esp. a degrading marriage
Minium, min'I-um, n. A pigment of a beautiful red connection with one of inferior social station. —
color; red lead. —
Miniate, -t-at, v. t. To paint Mischance ', -chans', n. Ill luck; accident; misfor-
or tinge with red lead or vermilion. Miniature, — tune calamity.
; Mis'chief, -chif, n. —
Evil pro-
-T-a-cliur or -T-chur, re. Orig. a painting in colors, duced or effected, whether with or without inten-
esp., arid now exclusively, one on a leduced :cale ; tion trivial evil or vexation, caused by thought-
;

hence, reduced sc tie greatly diminished style or lessness, or in sport; troublesome or annoying act
form. —
a. On a small scale.
;

or conduct cause of trouble or vexation damage

harm wrong-doing. — Mis'chievous,
; ; ;

Mink, mink, n. A
carnivorous and fish-eating quad- ; -chiv-us, a.
ruped, allied to the weasel, Making mischief; inclined to do liarm; hurtful; in-
which burrows near rivers or jurious; noxious; destructive. — Miscount', v. t.
ponds, and is an expert swim- and i. To count wrongly. n. An erroneous count- —
mer and diver; its fine black ing or numbering. Mis'creant. -kre-ant, n. —An
fur. infidel misbeliever a vile wretch scoundrel.
; ; : —
Minne-singer. See under MiG- Misfea'sance, -le'zans, n. (Law.) A trespass; wrong
NON. done; improper performance of a lawful act.—
Minnow, Minor, etc. See under Mink. Misno'm6r, n. (Law.) The mistaking of the true
Minisii. name of a person. A wrong or inapplicable name
Minster, minister, n. The church
of a monastery, or or title; a misapplied term. Misprize', -prlz', t\ t. —
one to which a monastery has been attached a ca- [-prized (-prizd'), -prizing.] To slight, undervalue.
thedral church.
;

— Misprision, -prizh'un, re. (Law.) A high offense

Minstrel, etc. See under Minister. or misdemeanor, negative or positive passive con- ;

Mint, mint, n. The place where money is coined; place cealment of a crime or neglect to reveal it, as of
of invention, fabrication, or production ; unlimited treason or felony; a positive act to help cover a
supply. —
i'. t. To make by stamping, as monev; to crime, as dissuading a witness; maladministration;
coin; to invent, forge, fabricate, fashion. Mint- — neglect, oversight, or mistake as of a clerk in —
age, -ej, n. That which is minted or coined; duty writing or keeping a record.
paid to the mint for coining. —Minfer, n. One Misanthrope, mis'an-throp, -an'thropist, -thro-pist,
who mints; a coiner; an inventor.— Mint'-man, n. re. A
hater of mankind. —Misanthropic, -ical, a.
pi. -men. One skilled in coining, or in coins; a Hating mankind. —Misan'thropy, -pi, n. Hatred
coiner. —
mas'ter, re. Superintendent of a mint;
one who invents.
or dislike of, etc.
of marriage. —
—
Misog'amy, -mT, n. Hatred
Misog'amist, re. One who, etc.
Mint, mint, n. An aromatic plant of various species, Misog'yny, -soj'i-nl, re. Hatred of the female sex.
producing a pungent essential oil. — Misog'yaist, n. A woman-hater.
Minuend, Minus, Minute, etc. See under Mixisii. Misapply, Misapprehend, Misbegot, etc. See under
Minx, minks, n. A pert, wanton girl; a she puppy; Miss.
lap-dog. Miscellaneous, mis-sel-la'ne-us, a. Mixed mingled
— ;
;

Miocene, mi'o-sen, a. (G:ol.) Less recent, —a term consisting of several kinds. Mis'cellany, -la-nT, n.
applied to the middle division of the tertiary A mass or mixture of various kinds; a medley;
strata. esp., a collection of compositions on various sub-
Miracle, mir'a-kl, n. A wonderorwonderful thing; esp. jects. —
Miscella'nea, -ne-a. n. pi. A collection of
an event oreffect contrary to the established constitu- miscellaneous matters. Mis'cegena'tion, -se-je- —
tionand course of things; supernatural event; a spec-
j

I
na'shun, n. Amalgamation of races.
tacle or dramatic representation exhibiting the lives Mischance, Mischief, etc. See under Misadventure.
of the saints, —
called also a miracle-play. Mirac'- — Miser, mi'zer, n. An avaricious or extremely covet-
ulous, -rak'u-lus, a. Of the nature of a miracle; ous person; one who hoards money and lives mean-
performed by or exhibiting a supernatural power: ly ;a niggard. —
Mi'serly, -It, a~ Sordid avari- ;

extraordinarily wonderful! —Mirac'ulousYy. a lr.— i

cious; parsimonious; stingy; mean. Mis-'ery, -er-T, —
Mirage', inT-razh', n. An optical illusion arising \
n. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or
from an unequal refraction in the lower strata of mind evils which cause misery calamity mis- ; :

—
;

the atmosphere, and causing remote objects to be fortune; torture; agony; anguish; distress. Mis'-
seen double, inverted, suspended in air, approxi- erable, a. Very unhappy; in a state of distress;
mated, changed, or as if reflected in water. Mir'- — causing misery very poor worthless despicable
; ; ; ;

ror, -rer,x. A abject; wretched. —

Mis'erably, adv. In a misera-
looking- glass; ble manner; unhappilv; pitiably. Mis'ere're, -re'- —
that in w h i c h a re, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch'urch.) The ,51st psalm, which
true image may commences with this word. (Pathol.) The symptoms
be seen a pat-
; attending obstruction in the intestines iliac pas- ;

tern an exem-
; sion.
plar. —
V.t. [MIR- Misfeasance, etc. See under Misadventure.
RORED (-rerd), Mi3h-mash, mish'-mash, n. A mingle or hotch-
-RORING.] To re- potch.
flect, as in a mir- Mishna, mish'na, 7). The digest of the Jewish tra-
ror. ditional and ritual law, made in the 2d century,
Mire, m!r, n. Earth which with the Gemara forms the Talmud.
so wet and soit Misle, etc. See under Mist.
as to yield to pres- Mirage, Misnomer, Misprize, Misprision. See under Misad-
sure; deep mud. — v. t. [mired (mird), miring.] \ venture.
To plunge and fix in mire to soil or daub with
; j
Misogamy, Misogyny, etc. See under Misanthrope.
mud.— Mir'y, -T, a. Abounding with, full of, or : Mispickel, mis-pik'i, n. (Min.) Arsenical iron py-
conMstiiu of, etc. rites.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Cnd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r;
 MISS 251 MISSILE
MiBSv mis, n. Young woman or girl, used as a title — understand or to explain amiss. Mis'inter'preta' —
of address, prefixed to the name of an unmarried tion, n. A mistaken interpretation.
—
woman. Miss'y, -t, -ish, a. Like a miss or young Misjoin', v. t. To join unfitly or improperly. -
girl; affectedly fine. Misjudge', -juj', v. t. To mistake in judging of.
Miss, mis, v. t. [missed (mist), missing.] To fail of hit- To err in judgment, form false opi
ting, reaching, obtaining, seeing, finding, etc.; to do judg'ment, n. Wrong determination.
without, forego; to omit, pass by; to discover the ab- - Mislay', v. t. [-laid (-lad'), -laying.] To lay in
sence of, feel the want of, mourn the loss of. v. i. — a wrong place, lay in a place not recollected, lose. —
To fail to hit; not to succeed; to fail to obtain, learn, Mislead', -led', v. t. [-led, -leading.] To lead into
find, etc.; to mistake; err.— n. A failure to hit, reach, a wrong way or path, lead astray, cause to mistake,
etc. loss
; want felt absence mistake error.
; ; ; ;
— deceive, delude. —
Mislead'er, n. — Mislike', v. t. or
Mis'apply', v. t. To apply wrongly or to a wrong i. To dislike, have aversion to.— n. Dislike; disap-
purpose. —
Mis'apprehend', v. i. To misunder- probation; aversion.
stand.— Misap'prehen'sion, -shun, n. A mistak- — Misman'age, -man'ej, v. i. To behave or manage
ing wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of ill. — v. t. To manage ill, administer improperly. —
;

a fact; misconception; mistake. Mis'appro'pria'- — Mismanagement, n. Misman'ager, n. — Mis- —

tion, n. Wrong appropriation. match', -macli', v. t. To match unsuitably.
— Misbecome'', -kum', v. t. To suit ill not to befit — Misname', v. t. To call by the wrong name.
or become. —
Misbegot', -got'ten, p. a. Unlawfully
;

— Mispell, Mispend. See Misspell, etc., below. —

or irregularly begotten. —
Misbehave'', v. i. To be- Misplace', -plas', v. t. Toputinawrongplr.ee; to
have ill, conduct one's self improperly. Misbe- — set or place on an improper or unworthy object.—
havior, -hav'yer, n. Improper, rude, or uncivil Misplace'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. —
behavior; ill-conduct. —
Misbelief', -let', n. Errone- Misplead', -pled', v. t. To err in pleading. Mis-—
ous belief false religion. Misbeliev'er, n. One — print', v. t. To print wrong.— n. An error in printing.
;

who believes wrongly, or holds a false religion. — — Mispronounce', -nowns', v. i. and t. [-nounced
Misbestow', v. t. To bestow improperly. (-nownsf), -nouncing.] To pronounce erroneously.
— Miscalculate, -kal'ku-lat, v. t. To calculate er- — Mis'pronun'cia'tion, -shi-a'shun, n. Wrong pro-
roneously. — Miscal'cula'tion, n. Erroneous calcu- nunciation. — Mis'propor'tion, v. To err in pro- t.

lation. —Miscall', -kawl', v. t. To call by a wrong portioning one thing to another; to join without due
name, name improperly, abuse. — Miscar'riage, proportion.
-kar'rij, n. Unfortunate event of an undertaking; Misquote', -kwot', v. t. To quote erroneously.—
failure improper behavior expulsion of a fetus Misquota'tion, n. An erroneous quotation.
;

from the womb before it is viable; abortion. Mis-

;

— — Misrecite', -sit', v. t. To recite erroneously.—

car'ry, -k&r'rT, v. i. To fail of the intended effect; Misrecit'al, n. An inaccurate recital.— Misreck"' on,
to fail toreach its destination; to bring forth young -rek'n, v. t. To reckon or compute wrongly.— Mis-
before the proper time. —
Misconceive, -kon-sev' v. reck'oning, n. An erroneous computation. Mis- —
t. or i. To conceive wrongly; interpret incorrectly; represent', ?>. t. To represent falsely or incorrect-
misapprehend; misjudge; mistake. Misconceit', — ly. —
v.i. To make an incorrect representation.—
-set', Misconcep'tion, n. Erroneous conception Misrep'resenta'tion, n. Act of giving a false repre-
false opinion; mistake. Miscon'duct, n. Wrong — ;

sentation incorrect account given, from mistake,

conduct; ill behavior; misdemeanor; mismanage-
;

carelessness, _or malice. Misrep'resent'er, n.— —

ment. —
Misconduct/, v. t. To conduct amiss; mis- Misrule', -rool', n. Disorder confusion tumult ; ;

manage. —
Miscon'strue, -kon'stroo, v. t. To con- from insubordination; unjust domination.
strue wrongly interpret erroneously.
; Mis'con- — — Misshape', -shap', v. t. To shape ill, deform.—
struc'tion. n. Wrong interpretation of words or Misspell', r. t. To spell wrong, write with wrong
things —
Miscoun'sel, -kown'sel, v. t. To counsel letters. —
Misspelling, n. A wrong spelling, false
—
;

wrongly. Miscue', -ku', v. i. To fail to strike the orthographv. —

Misspend', v. t. To spend amiss,
ball properly with the cue at billiards. n. An in- — squander.— Misstate', v. t. and i. To state wrongly,
effectual stroke with the cue. falsify. —
Misstate'ment, n. Incorrect statement.
— Misdate', n. A
wrong date.— v. t. To date errone- Misstep', v. A wrong or false step.
ously. —
Misdeed', n. An evil deed wicked action ; — Mistake', -tak', v. t. To take wrongly, misun-
offense; transgression; crime. —Misdeem', v. t. To derstand, misapprehend, or misconceive to mis- ;

judge erroneously, misjudge. Misdemean', -de- — choose, misjudge; to take one person or thing to be
men', v. t. To behave ill.— Misdemean'or, -men'- another, confound.— v. i. To err in opinion or judg-
Sr, n. Ill behavior evil conduct. (Law.) Any
;

—
ment. —
n. A taking or apprehending wrongly; a
crime less than a felony. Misdirect', -dY-rekt', fault in opinion, judgment, or conduct; a miscon-
v.t. To give a wrong direction to to direct to a ; ception; blunder; error; bull.— To he mistaken. To
wrong person or place. Misdirec'tion, n. Act of — be misapprehended or misunderstood; to be taken
directing wrongly. (Law.) An error of a judge in or_led astray; to err; to misapprehend.— Mistak'en,
charging the jury.— Misdo', -doo', v. t. [-did, -done, -tak'n,p. a. Guilty of a mistake: in error; errone-
-doing.] To do wrongly. v. i. To do wrong, com- — ous; incorrect; wrong. —
Mistak'enly, adv. By mis-
mit a fault or crime. Misdo'ing, n. —
A wrong take.— Mistak'er. «.— Mistak'able, a. Liable to be
done, fault, offense. mistaken.— Mistime', -tim', )>. t. To time wrongly,
— Misemploy', v. t. To employ no purpose, or to
to not adapt to the time. v. i. —
To neglect the proper
a bad purpose ; to use amiss. — Misemploy'ment, n. time. —
Misti 'tie, -tl, v. t. To call by a wrong title
Ill employment. —
Misen'try, -en'trT, n. An er- or name. —
Mistri'al, n. (Law.) false or errone- A
roneous entry or charge, as of an account. ous trial. —
Mistrust', n. Want of confidence or
— Misfit', n. A bad fit: a bad match. Misform', — trust; suspicion, —v. t. To regard with jealousy or
v. t. To put into an ill shape. Misfort'une, -i'6r- — suspicion, suspect, doubt; to anticipate as near or
chun, n. Ill fortune; ill luck; accident; calamity; likely to occur; to surmise. Mistrust'ful, -ful. a. —
mishap: harm; disaster. Suspicious; wanting confidence. Mistrust'fully, —
— Misgive', -giv', v. t. To fill with doubt and appre- adv. —
Mistrust'fulntss, n. Mistune', -tun', r.t. —
hension, deprive of confidence; to fail.— Misgiv'ing, To tune wrongly or erroneously. Mistu'tor, v. t. —
n. A failure of confidence; distrust; doubt. Mis- — To instruct amiss.
got'ten, a. Unjustly obtained.— Misgov'ern, -guv'- — Misunderstand', v. To
misconceive, mistake,
t.
ern, v. t. To govern ill, administer unfaithfully. — take in a wrong sense. —
Misun'derstand'ing, ».
Misgov'ernment, n. Ill administration of public or Mistakeof meaning; error; misconception: disagree-
private affairs; irregularity; disorder. Misguid'- — ment; difference; slight quarrel.— Misuse', -uz'.w. t.
ance, -gld'ans, n. Wrong direction or guidance. — To use improperly, treat ill, maltreat, abuse, misem-
Misguide', v. t. To direct ill, lead into error. ploy, misapply. —
Misus'ajje, -uz'ej, n. Ill usage;
— Mishap', n. Ill chance; accident; calamity; mis- —
abuse. Misuse', -Us', n. Wrong application or use-,,
chance. —
Mishear', v. i. To mistake in hearing. misapplication abuse.
— Misinform', v. t. To give erroneous information ;

Missal, mis'sal, n. The Roman Catholic mass-book..

to. — Misin'forma'tion, n. Wrong information. — Mi3seltoe. See Mistletoe.
Misinter'pret, v. t. To interpret erroneously to ; Missile, mis'sil, a. Capable of being thrown, hurled,.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MIST 252 MODE
or projected.—?!. A
projectile weapon, as a lance, covering for the hand for warmth, etc., in which the
arrow, or bullet, with which one may strike an ob- fingers are not separated.
ject at a distance. —
Mis'sion, mish^un, n. Act of
!

!
Mittimus. See under Missile.
sending, or state of being sent: commission; errand; Mix, miks, v. t. [mixed, less prop, mixt; mixing.] To
duty on which one is sent; persons sent; delegation; unite or blend 2 or more ingredients into one mass
embassy a station, residence, or organization, of or compound, as by stirring together to unite with
missionaries.
;

—
Mis 'sionary, -er-T, n. One sent upon in company, join, associate: to produce by the stir-
;

amission; esp., one sent to propagate religion. a. — ring together of ingredients, mingle to confuse,
Pert, to missions. —
Mis'sive, -siv, a. Intended to disarrange, confound. v. i. —
To become united or
;

be sent; prepared for sending out; sent by authority blended promiscuously; to be joined, associate.—
of some person or society; intended to be thrown or Mixt'ure, miks'chur, n. Art of mixing, or state of
hurled; missile, —
n. That which is sent; a message; being mixed; that which is mixed; an ingredient en-
letter. —Mit'timus, -tt-mus, n. {Law.) warrant A tering into a mixed mass; admixture; intermixture;
of commitment to prison. medley.— Mix/ tilin /, eal, -ear, a. Containing, or con-
Mist, mist, Misle, Mislle, mizl, Miz'zle, miz'zl, n. sisting of, lines of different kinds, as straight, curved,
Visible watery vapor at or near the surface of the etc.
eaith ; fog coarse, watery vapor, approaching the Mizzen, miz'zn, a. (Fatit.) Hindmost; nearest the
—
;

form of rain anything which dims or darkens. stern. — The hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails
v. t.
;

To cloud, cover with mist. v. i. [misted, — ?;.

of a vessel; the spanker sail. See Sail and Ship.
MISTING;— MIZZLED (-Id), -LING; MIS'l'LED (miz'- — Mizzle, r. i. See under Mist.
Id), -ling; —
miz'zled, -ZLING.] To rain in very fine Mnemonic, ne-monlk, -ical, a. Assisting the memory.
drops.— Mist'y, -I, Misly, mizli, Miz'zly zll, a. — Mnemonics, n. The art of memory; a system of
Overspread with, attended by, or obscured a if by, rules to assist the memory.
mist; raining in tine drops. Mistiness, n. — Moan, man, v. t. [moaned (mond), moaning.] To
Mister, mis'tSr, abbr. in bewail with an audible voice, lament, deplore. — r.
writing to Mr., n. Sir ; i. To make a low, dull sound of grief or pain. n. —
master, —
a title of any Audible expression of sorrow or suffering; a low,
adult male. dull sound, like that of one in grief or pain.
Mistletoe, Misletoe, miz'l- Moat, mot, n. (Fort.) A
deep trench round the ram-
to, n. A
parasitic ever- part of a fortified place; a ditch. v. t. To surround
green shrub, bearing a with a ditch for defense. See Castle.
glutinous berry: the Mob, mob, n. A
disorderly crowd; collection of peo-
sacred plant of the Dru- ple for some riotous and unlawful purpose; popu-
ids. lace. —
v. t. [mobbed (mobd), -bixg.] To attack in
Mislress, mislres, n. A a disorderly crowd.— Mobodacy, -ra-sT, n. Rule or
woman who exercises au- ascendency of the mob. —
Mo'bile, -bil, a. Capable
thority, is chief, etc.; the of being moved, aroused, or excited movable ;
female head of a family, changeable; fickle. —
Mobility, -X-tl, n. Quality of
;

school, etc.; a woman being mobile capacity for motion susceptibility of

; ;

well skilled in anything, being moved, aroused* excited, etc.; activity; fickle-
or having the mastery Mistletoe, ness. —Mobilize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To
over it; a beloved object; sweetheart; a paramour; put in a state of readiness for active service, said —
—
concubine. Madam, a title or term of address, now of troops, enrolled, but not previously on the war
-written Mrs. and pron. mis'is. establishment.— Mob'iliza'tion, n. Act of, or state
Mistrust, Mistune, Misuse, etc. See under Miss. of being, etc.
Mite, m!t, n. Anything very small; a minute object; Mob-cap, mob'kap, n. A
plain cap or head-dress; esp.,
very small quantity; very small coin. I one tying under the chin by a very broad band,
Mite,"mlt, n. A
minute animal, allied to the spider, ! generally of the same material as the cap itself.
of several varieties, having jaws, which distinguish /
Moccasin,"mok 'ka-sin, n. A
shoe of the N. Amer. In-
it from the ticks. —
Mify, -1, a. Abounding with
I

dians, made wholly (including the sole) of deer-

A
|

mites. skin or soft leather. (Zo'61.) poisonous water ser-

A
j

Miter, -tre, mi'ter, n. covering for the head, worn pent of the U. S.; also a highland species.
by bishops, cardinals, etc. Mocha, mo'ka, n. An Abyssinian weight 1 Troy =
(Arch.) The joint formed by grain; a kind of coffee fr. Mocha, in Arabia.
the ends of 2 pieces (of mold- Mock, mok, v. t. [mocked (mokt), mocking.] To im-
ing, etc.), each cut off at an itate in contempt or derision: to treat with scorn or
angle, and matching together. contempt; to disappoint the hopes of; to deride, rid-
— V. I. [MITEKED Or MITRED icule, taunt, jeer. — v. i. To malce sport in contempt
f-terd ), miter xg or mitring.]
i or in jest, gibe, jeer. — n. Ridicule; derision; sneer;
(Arch.) To meet and match mockery. — a. Imitating reality, but not real; false.
together, on a line bisecting — Mocky 6ry, -er-i, n. Act of mocking; derision;
theangle of junction, esp. ridicule; counterfeit appearance; vain imitation or
when at a right angle. — v. 1. effort. — Mocking-bird, n. A singing-bird of N.
To adorn with a miter ; to Amer., which imitates the notes of other birds and
cut the ends of 2 pieces oblique- Mitre. many other sounds.
ly and join them at an angle.— Mi'tral, a. Pert, to Mode, mod, n. Manner of existing or being: prevail-
or like, etc. ing popular custom ; variety; gradation degree; ;

said esp. (Anat.) method; fashion; way; style. (Metaph.) Condition,

of the mitral or state of being; form, —
opp. to matter. (Logic.)
valves of the left The form in which the proposition connects the
ventricle of the predicate and subject, whether by simple, contin-
heart: see gent, or necessary assertion. (Gram.) form in A
U.EAP.T. the inflection of a verb indicating the manner in
Mitigate, mit/i- which the action or state is presented, as certain,
gat, v. t. To al- Mlter Joints, contingent, etc. mood. (Mvs.) The arrangement
make less rigorous, soften
leviate (suffering, etc.); to of the intervals in a scale.
;

—
Modish, modish, a.
in severity or harshness; temper; to render more tol- According to the mode; conformed to the extreme
erable; to reduce a penalty in amount or severity;
— fashion. —
Modlst, n. One who follows the fashion.
assuage. — Mitlga'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to, etc. — Modiste', -desf, n. A milliner; dressmaker; pur-
Mit'iga'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. veyor of fashions. —
Mod'el, mOd'el, n. Standard;
Mitrailleuse, me-tra-yez', n. A
machine-gun, having pattern; example; something to be copied; a mold;
37 parallel breech-loading barrels, which may be a representation; facsimile; a copy, as of a statue or
fired at once or in quick succession. bust; a representation of a machine or structure on
llitt, mit, n. A
mitten; also, a covering for the wrist a reduced scale. v. t. —
[modeled (-eld), -eling.]
and hand and not for the fingers. Miften, n. — A To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model,
an?, fame, far, pa^s or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve. term ; Tn, ice ; odd, t5ne, 6r
 MOGUL 253 MONAD
or propose a model for.— v. i. {Fine Arts.) To make soil.— Mold'er, Mould'er, To turn to dust by v. i.
a pattern from which some work is to be executed. natural decay; to crumble, perish, waste away grad-
— Mod'eler, n. One who models; a worker in plas- ually. — To turn to dust, crumble, waste.
v. t.

tic art. — Mod'eling, n. (Fine Arts.) Act or art of Mold, Mould, mold, n. A vegetable or fungous growth,
making a model from which a work of art is to be often like down, upon decaying food or articles that
—
I

executed.— Mod'ulate, -u-lat, v. t. To form (sound) lie long in warm and damp air. v. t. To cause t<*
to a certainkey or proportion; to vary or inflect in a contract mold. v. i. To become moldy. — Mold'y, —
natural, customary, or musical manner. v.i. (Mus.) —
Mould'y, -Y, a._ Overgrown with mold; fusty.
|

—
To pass from one key into another. Modulation, Mold, Mould, mold, n. The matrix in which anything
!

n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; sound modulated; is cast; anything which
melody. {Mus.) Manner of ascertaining and manag- serves to regulate size,
ing the modes; a passing from one key to another.—
]

form, etc.; cast; shape;

-yun,
j

ModilKion, n. character.— v. t. To form

{Arch.) The enriched into a particular shape,
bracket generally model, fashion. —Mow-
found under the cor- ing, Moulding, n. Any-
nice of the Corinthian thing cast in a mold, or
entablature,— socalled which appears to be so.
fr. its arrangement at (Arch.) A grooved or
regulated distances. — Modillion. swelling band or projec-
Mod'erate, -er-at, a. tion, or an assemblage of Moldings.
Kept within due bounds; observing reasonable lim- such, upon a wall, col- astragal 6, ogee c, cy-
its; not excessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous; re- umn, wainscot, etc. matium d, cavetto
; ;

strained. —
v. t. To restrain from excess, keep with- Mole, mol, n. A
spot, mark, scotia, or casement
e,
/,
; ;

;
in bounds, lessen, allay, repress, temper, qualify; to or small permanent pro- apophyges g, ovolo, or
regulate, mitigate, abate, still, pacify, quiet. v. i. — tuberance on the human quarter round; h, torus i,
;

To become less violent, severe, rigorous, or intense; body. _ reeding ;"/, band.
to abate.— Moderation, n. Act of moderating; state Mole, mol, n. A mass of fleshy matter generated in
or quality of being moderate; freedom from excess; the uterus.
calmness of mind; equanimity.— Mod'ern, a. Pert, Mole, mol, n. A mound, pier, jetty, or massive work
to the present time, or time not long past; late; re- formed of masonry, etc., laid in the sea, extended
cent; new; novel. n. — A
person of modern times. before a port, to defend it from the waves; a break-
Modernize, v. t. [-ized. (-Tzd), -izing.] To cause water; the harbor itself —
Mol 'ecule, moKe-kul, n.
to conform to recent or present usage or taste. — .

A very small particle of matter; one of the element-

Mod'est, a. Restrained within due limits of propri- ary particles of any substance. nee. Molec'ular, a. o. —
ety or decency; observing the proprieties of the sex; Pert, to, consisting of, or re-
free from familiarity, indecency, or lewdness, said — siding in, molecules. Mo- —
of a woman evincing modesty in the actor or au-
; lest', v. t. To trouble, ren-
thor; not boastful, presumptuous, or arrogant; re- der uneasy, disturb, annoy,
—
served; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy;
decent; chaste; virtuous. —
Mod'esty, -Y, n. Quality
of being modest; absence of self-confidence, arro-
gance, and presumption, or of unwomanly or inde-
cent bearing or conduct; purity of manners; humil-
vex, tease.
n.
etc.
MoPesta'tion,
Act of, or state of being,

Mole, mo"l, n. (Zool.) A small

subterranean insect-eating
Wfm0
ity; diffidence; shyness. —
Modicum, -Y-kum, n. A mammal, with minute eyes
little; a small quantity. —
Mod'ify, -Y-fi, v. t. [-fied —
and very soft fur. v.*. [moled (mold), moling.]
(-fid), -fying.] To change the form or external To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow, excavate.
qualities of; to give a new form to, vary, alter, qual- Molecule, Molest, etc. See under Mole, a mound.
ify. —Mod'ifica'tion, n. Act of modifying; partic- Mollient, mollY-ent or -yent, a. Serving to soften;
ular form or manner; modified shape or condition.
— assuaging emollient. —
MoPlify, -lY-fl, v. t. [-fied
Mogul, mo-gul', n. A
person of Mongolian race. (-fid), -fying.]
;

To make soft or tender; to assuage

Great Mogul. The sovereign of the empire founded (pain or irritation) to appease (excited feeling or
;

in Hindostan by the Mongol Tartars in the lGth cen- passion), pacify; to reduce in harshness or asperity.
tury. — MoFlusk, n. A boneless animal, having a soft,
Mohair, mo'har, n. The long, silky hair of the Angora fleshy body, inhabiting a univalve or bivalve shell,
goat, of Asia Minor; a fabric made from it. or clothed only with a membranous mantle.
Mohammedan, mo-harn'med-an, a. Pert, to Moham- Molt, Moult, molt, v. i. To shed or cast the hair,
med or Mahomet, or to the religion founded by him.
— feathers, skin, horns, etc. — v. t. To cast (the hair,
n. A follower of, or believer in, etc. - Moham'me- skin, etc.) to shed.
;

danism, -medism, -izm, n. The religion, or doctrines Molten: see Melt.

and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Ko- Molybdena, mol-ib-de^na, Molyb'denite, -nit, n. (Min.)
ran; Islamism.— Mob.am'medanize, -medize, v. t. To An ore of dark lead color, occurring in flexible lam-
make conformable to, etc. ina?, like plumbago sulphuret of molybdenum.
A gold coin of Portugal = about
;

Moidore, moi'dor, n. Mome, mom, A dull, silent person; stupid fellow;

n.
$6. stock.
Moiety, moi'e-tY, n. One of 2 equal parts; the half. Moment, mo'ment, n. A minute portion of time an ;

Moil, moil, v. t. [moiled (moild), moiling.] To daub, instant; impulsive power; momentum; importance
make dirty, soil, defile.
v. i. —
To work with pain- in influence or effect; an essential element; a decid-
ful effort; to labor, drudge. toil, ing point, fact, or consideration.— Mo'mentary, -a-rY,
Moire, mw6r, n. A clouded or mottled appearance on a. Done in a moment continuing only a moment.
— Mo'mentarily, -a-rY-lY, adv. Every moment; from
;

metallic or textile fabrics; watered or clouded silk,

moment to moment. — Mo'mentariness, w.-Mo'-
j

Moist, moist, a. Moderately wet; damp; humid.—

Moist'en, mois'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -ening.] To mently, adv. For a moment in a moment every ; ;

make damp, wet slightly, soften.—Moist'ure, mois'- moment. — Moment'ous, -us, a. Of moment or con-
chur, n. A moderate degree of wetness; dampness; sequence important; weighty. — Momenfousness,
;

that which makes damp or wet. n— Momen'tuni, n. L.pl.-TA; E. pi. -tums. (Mech.)
;
Molar, mo'lar, n. A
grinding tooth; double tooth: see The amount of force ina moving body, being always
—
Tooth. Mo'lar, -lary, -la-rT, a. Having power to proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied
grind grinding.
; into the velocityimpetus essential or constituent
; ;

Molasses, mo-las'sez, n. sing. The viscid, uncrystal- element. [L.]

lizable sirup which drains from sugar, in the process Monachal, etc. See under Monad.
of manufacture. Monad, mon ad, n. An ultimate atom, or simple, un-
/,

Mold, Mould, mold, n. Fine, soft earth, or earth easi- extended point; an indivisible thing. (Zool.) One of
ly pulverized; the earthy material, or the matter of the simplest kind of minute animalcules. (Chem.)
which anything is formed.— v. t. To cover with One of the elements (hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine,
sfin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bpNboN, chair, get.
 MONAD 254 MONKEY
bromine, iodine, potassium, sodium, and lithium) vowel sound; a vowel digraph. — Mon'ophthon'gal,
which can combine with, be exchanged for., or be re- -thon'gal, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, etc. Mo- —
placed by one atom of hydrogen. — Monan'drian, noph'ysite, -nof 'T-sIt, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of an
-nan'drY-an, -drous. -drus, a. (hot.) ancient sect who maintained that the human and
Having but one stamen. Mon'arch, — divine in Jesus Christ constituted but 1 nature.—
-ark, n. sole rulerA autocrat sov- ; ; Monop'oly, -o-lt. n. An exclusive right, privilege,
ereign emperor, king, prince, or or power of dealing in any species of goods, or of
;

chief; one superior to all others of the dealing with a country or market. Monopolist, —
same kind.— Monarch'al, -ial, a. Pert, -oliz'er, -o-liz'er, n. One monopolizes. who —Mo-
to, or suiting, a monarch sovereign ; ;
nopolize, V. t. [-L1ZED (-lizd), -lizing.] To get
regal; imperial.— Monarchic, -ical, a. possession of the whole of (a commodity); to appro-
Vested in a single ruler; pert, to mon- priate or control the exclusive sale of to obtain the ;

archy or a monarch.— Monorchism, n. exclusive right of, esp. the right of trading to any
The principles of monaichy love or place, or with any country or district; to engross the
preference of, etc. —
Monarchist, n.
;

whole of. —
Monop'teral, a. (Arch.) WJth but I
An advocate of, etc. —
Mon'archy, -I, wing, —
applied to a temple or circular inclosure of
«. A government in which
state or columns without a cell. —
MonOsyl'lable, -sil'la-bl,
the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a mon- n. A
word of 1 syllable. Mon'osyllablc, a. Con-—
arch; territory ruled over hy a monarch; a kingdom; sisting of 1 syllable consisting of words of 1 sylla-
empire. — Monastery, mon , as-tSr / I or mon'as-trT, ble. —Mon'othe'ism, -the'izm, it.
;

The doctrine or
n. A house of religious retirement, esp. for monks; belief that there is but 1 God. MonOtone, -o-t5n, —
convent; nunnery; abbey; priory. — Monas'tic, n. n. (Mus.) A single unvaried tone or sound. (Rhet.)
A monk.— Monas'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to monaster- The utterance of successive syllables in 1 unvaried
ies, or to their occupants, rules, etc.; secluded from —
key or line of pitch. Monotonous, -o-nus, a. Ut-
the temporal concerns of life recluse. Monas'ti- — tered in 1 unvarying tone or key ; continued with
cism, -tf-sizm, n. The monastic life, system, or con-
;

dull uniformity. —
Monotonously, adv. Monof- —
dition. —
Monachal, -a-kal, a. Pert, to monks or a onousness, -ony, -o-nl, n. Absence of variety, as in
monastic life monastic. ; —
Mon'achism, -a-kizm, n. speaking or singing ; an irksome sameness or want
The system and influences of a monastic life. of variety.
Monk, munk, n. One of a male community inhab- Monday, mun'dT, n. The 2d day of the week.
iting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of Money, muni, n.; pi. -eys, -iz. Coin; stamped metal
celibacy and religious exercises;' a religious recluse used as the medium of commerce; any currency
or hermit. —
MonkOry, -er-I, n. The life of monks; usually and lawfully employed in buying and sell-
monastic life, usage, or customs. Monkish, a. — ing cash; wealth.
; —
MonOtary, -e-tgr-T, a. Pert,
Like, or pert. to. etc. —
Mon'ocar'pous, -kar'pus, a. to or consisting in money ; pecuniary. Monkeyed, —
(Bot.) Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fruc- -id, a. Kich in, having, consisting in, or composed
tification, as wheat. —
Mon'ochrome, -o-krom, n. A of, money.— MonOyer, -T-Sr, n. (Coinage.) re- A
painting with a single color. Mon'ochromafic, — sponsible and authorized manufacturer of coin.
-kro-mafik, a. Consisting of 1 color, or presenting MonOy-or'der, n. An order for a sum of money,
rays of light of 1 color only. Monovular, -ulous. — issued by a post-office to which payment has been
-u-lus, a. Having 1 eye only adapted to be used ; made, and payable by another office. — MonOtize,
with only 1 eye at a time. Mon'ocule, -kul, n. — -e-tlz,v.t. [-TiZED(-tizd),-Tizi;*G.] To convert into
(Entom.) An insect with only 1 eye. Mon'odac''- — money, adopt as current money, give an established
tylous, -daklil-us, a. Having but 1 finger or toe. value to.
— Mon'ody, -o-dT, n. A mournful poem, in which Monger, mun'ge'r, n. A trader; dealer, — now used
a single mourner expresses lamentation. Monog'- — chiefly in composition. — v. t. To deal in, make
amy, -a-mT, n. Union of 1 male with 1 female; prac- merchandise of, traffic in.— Mon'grel, munOrel, a.
tice or state of having only 1 husband, wife, or mate Of a mixed breed; hybrid, n. An animal of a —
at a time, —
opp. to bigamy and polygamy also the ; mixed breed one of no definite breed or without
;

state of may not marry again after the death

such as pedigree.
of a wife.
first —
Monog'amisc, n. One who holds to Mongoose. See Mungoose.
monogamy, as opp. to polygamy, etc. one who dis- ; Monition, mo-nish'un, n. Instruction given by way of
allows second marriages. Mon'ogamlc, a. Pert,— caution; warning; information; notice.— Monltive,
to, or involving, monogamy. MonogenOsis, -jen'- — -T-tiv, a. Conveying admonition; admonitory.—
e-sis, -nog'eny, -noj'e-ni, n. Unity of origin, esp. — Mon'itor, n. One who warns, advises, cautions, in-
the theory that all mankind has a common origin, structs, or admonishes a pupil selected to look to
opp. to poly genesis or polygeny. MonOgram, n. — A
;

the scholars in the absence of an instructor, or to in-

character or cipher composed of 1,2, or more letters, struct a division or class. (Naut.) An ironclad war
interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name. vessel, having its guns in a revolving turret, — this
MonOgraph, -grat, n. A
treatise upon or description having been the name of the first vessel of the kind.
of a single thing, or a single branch of a subject.— — Mon'itolial, -i-to'rY-al, a. Pert, to, performed by,
Monographic, -ical, a. Drawn in lines without conducted or taught by, or communicated by, mon-
colors; pert, to a monograph. Monog'raphy, -ra-fT, — itors. — Monitory, -to-rl, a. Giving admonition;
n. A
representation by lines only; an outline draw- warning.
ing a mere sketch a monograph.
; ; Mon'olith, n. — Monk, etc. See under Monad.
A pillar, column, etc, consisting of a single stone. Monkey, munkl, n.; pi. -eys, -iz. One of an order
— MonOlogue, -log, n. A speech uttered by a per- of 4-handed mammals, having pectoral mammae,
son alone soliloquy a poem, song, or scene com- short legs with hand-shaped prehensile feet, usual-
—
; ;

posed for a single performer. Mon'oma'nia, -nt-a, ly, long arms with clasping hands, and almost al-
n. Derangement of a single faculty of the mind, or wa}T s a pre-
with regard to a particular subject only. Mon'o- — hensile tail,
ma'niac, it. One affected by mono- — sometimes
mania. a. —
Affected with, etc.— applied to
Mono'mial, -no'mT-al, n. (Alg.) A apes and ba-
single algebraic expression that is, ; boons; a
an expression unconnected with any name of con-
other by the signs of addition, sub- tempt, or of
traction, equality, or inequality.— slight kind-
Monop'athyr-a-thY, n. Solitary suf- n e s s the Heads of Monkeys,
fering* or sensibility. Mon'opet'a- — hammerof
i

, „. . . „'_..?
X > S>n»ad*; 2, Cebidae.
lous, -a-lus, a. (Bot.) Having only 1 p i 1 e-driver.
petal, or the corolla in 1 piece, or com- — MonkOyism, -Y-izm, n. Conduct of a monkey ;

posed of petals cohering so as to form ivionopeiaious "' Gamopet- resemblance to a monkey in disposition or ac-
a tube.-Mon'ophthong, mon'of- tions. — MonkOy-jack'et, n. A tailless, close-fitting
A single uncompounded alous Flower.
thong, n. jacket. rail, n. (Naut.) A second and lighter rail
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t»rm ; la, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 MONOCARPOUS 255 MORAL
raised about inches out substance or reality. -struek, a. Affected by —
of a ship.
A
—
above the quarter-rail
wrench, n.
wrench or spanner
the influence of the moon lunatic.
Moor, moor, ?i. An extensive waste covered with
heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes
;

having a movable jaw. Monkey-wrench. marshy and abounding in peat; a heath; ien.
Monocarpous, Monody, Monogram, etc. See under Moor'ish. a. Having the char, cter of a moor;
Mosau. marshy fenny watery. Moor'y, -T, a. 01, pert,
; ; —
Monseigneur, mawN-sa-nyer /\ n.;
ma-a-i-nyer'. My lord; your grrce or highness,
pi. Messeioxeurs, to, or like, moors; boggy. Morass', -ras', 11. — A
tract of_soit, wet ground; marsh; swamp; bog; fen.
title of a person of high rank. Monsieur, rao-sve', — Moor, moor, n. One of a swarthy Mohammedan race,
n. ; pi. Messieurs, ma-sye'. Sir, or Mr. title of — once masters of Spain, --
civility to persons addressed in speech or writing : but expelled in 16th
it is used specifically of princes of the French blood- cent., and now found
royal; a frenchman, in contempt or ridicule.— in the towns of N". and
i

Monsoon, mon-soon', re. wind alternating with the A N.W. Africa.— Moor '-
seasons, esp. a wind in the Indian Ocean, blowing ish.a. Pert, to Moroc-
from the S.-W. from April to Oct., and from the N.- co or the Moors. Mo- —
E. during the other half of the year. resque', -resk'. Mau-
Monster, monaster, re. Something of unnatural size, resque', maw-resk',
shape, or quality; a prodigy; an unnatural produc- Moris'co, a. Done
tion an animal or plant "departing from the usual
;
the manner ol
alter
type any thing or person horrible from ugliness,
; the Moors, — a. A
deformity wickedness, or power to harm.
, Mon'- — species of ornamen-
strous, -strus, a. Having the qualities of a monster; tation upon flat sur- Moorish Archway.
deviating greatly from the natural form; abnormal; faces,used by the Moors, painted, inlaid in mosaic,
enormous; extraordinary; marvelous; shocking to
the sight or other senses; horrible; dreadful, adv. — or carved in low relief; arabesque, q. v. Moris'co, —
Mo'risk, n. One of the Moors in Spain the Moor-
Exceedingly ; very much. — Monstrosity, -stros'- ish language a Moorish dance, now called Morris-
;
:

State of being monstrous; an unnatural pro-

T-ti, n.
duction that which is monstrous. Mon'strance, — dance one who dances it.
; Moroc'co, n. A tine —
;
kind of leather, prop, made of goatskin and tanned
-strans, n.
A
(Rom. L'ath. Church.)
transparent pyx, in which the
with sumach, dyed, and grained, said to have —
originated with the Moors.
consecrated wafer or host is held Moor, moor, v. t. [moored (moord), mooring.] (Naut.)
up to view before the congrega- To confine (a ship) by cables and anchors: to secure,
tion. fix firmly. —
v. i. To be confined b3r cables or chains!
— Moor'age, -ej, n. A
Montanic, mon-tan'ik, a. Pert.
to, or consisting in, mountains.
place for mooring. Moor'- —
ing, Act
of confining a ship to a particular place,
— Mont de Pi'ti, mawN'de-pe-
re.

by anchors, etc. that by which a ship is secured or

;

a-ta'. A pawnbroking establish- confined; pi place or condition of a ship thus con-

ment, to lend money to necessi- fined. _
tous persons at a low rate of Moose, moos. Moose'deer, re. large, ungainly Amer. A
interest. deer, the congener of the
Month, munth, n. One of the 12 European elk, having a
divisions of the calendar year ; short, thick neck, with a
time of one revolution of the mane, a long, flexible •

moon; four weeks. — Monthly, Monstrance. nose, and very long,

-IT, a. Continued, or performed in a month hap- ; coarse ears : the males
pening once a month, or everv month. n. A publi- — have antlers, branched
cation which appears regularly once a month. -adv. and broadly palmate.
Once a month; in every month. Moot, moot, v. t. To argue
Monument, mon'u-ment, n. Anything intended to for and against, debate;
remind or give notice; a building, pillar, stone, etc., to propound and discuss
erected in remembrance of a person, event, etc. in a mock court, v. i. —
xVioose.
memorial; tomb: cenotaph; an enduring or notable
;

To argue or plead on a supposed cause. a. Sub- —

evidence, instance, or example. ject to argument or discussion; undecided: debat-
Moo. raoo,p. i. To make the noise of a cow; to low. able. —n. A
debate; esp., a discussion of fictitious
Mood, mood, re. Manner; style; mode; logical form; causes by way of practice. Moot'-case, -point, n. —
musical style grammatical form indicating man- A point, case, or question, to be mooted or debated ;
ner of action or being.
Mood, mood,
;

Temper
mind; temporary state of
re. of
a disputable case. court, a.
ing or trj'ing feigned cases.
—
court held lor argu- A
the mind in regard to passion or feeling. — Mood'y, Mop, mop, re. A
piece of cloth, or a collection of
T, a. [moodier, -iest.] Indulging moods, or vary- thrums, fastened to a handle, for washing floors a
:
ing frames of mind; out of humor; peevish; ab- thick, shaggy, or untidy mass, as of hair. v. t. — ;

stracted_and pensive; gloomy; fretful; capricious. [mopped (iiiopt), -ping.] To rub or wipe with, or
Moon, moon, n. The satellite which revolves round as with, a mop.
the earth; any second- Mop, mop, re. A
grimace ; a wry mouth. —v. i. To
ary planet, or satellite; grimace. [Same as mope.] —
Mope, mop, v. i. [moped
a month a complete (mopt), moping.] To be very stupid; to be dull; to
—
;

revolution of the moon. be spiritless or gloomy. v. t. To make spiritless

(Fort.) A crescent- or stupid.— n. A dull, stupid person: a drone.—
formed outwork. — v. i. Mop'ish, a. Dull; spiritless: sulky: sullen.
T o act as if moon- Moquette, mo-kef, n. A fine tapestry or Brussels
struck; to stare dream- cirpet Wilton carpet.
ily, wander idly. —
;

Moraine, mo-ran', n. (Geol.) A line of stones and

Moon'y, -T, a. Pert, to, other debris along the sides and at the foot of sepa-
orli'<e the moon moon- : rate glaciers, and along the middle part of glaciers
st-uck; prone to moon. formed bv the union of separate ones.
— Moon'ish, a. Like Moral, mor'al, a. Pert, to those intentions and ac-
the moon ; variable. — tions of which right and wiong, virtue and vice, are
Moon'beam, n. A ray predicated; conformed to rules of right; virtuous;
of light from the moon. Phases ot the moon. just; conformed to law and right in deportment: ca-
— Moon'light, re. The
See Phase.
pable of moral action; subject to the moral law; cal-
light afforded by, etc. — culated to serve as the basis of action; probable. re. —
a. Illuminated by, etc. occurring during or by ; Doctrine or practice of the duties of life, manners,
moonlight.— Moon'snine, n. Moonlight; show with- conduct, behavior, —
usually in pi.; the inner sig-

6un, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MORASS 256 MOSAIC
nificance of a fable, occurrence, experience, etc.— of opium: its salts are used in medicine as an ano-
Moral philosophy. Science of the nature, condition, dyne.
and duties of man as a moral being. M. sense. — Morrow. See under Morn.
Power of moral judgment and feeling. Mor'aiist, — Morse, mSrs, n. The sea-horse, or walrus.
n. One who moralizes or teaches morality; one who Morsel. See under Morceau.
nractices moral duties. —
MoraPity, mo-raPi-tT, n. Mort, m6rt, n. A
note or tune sounded at the death
delation of conformity or non-conformity to the true of game. —
Mor 'tal, a. Subject to death; destruc-
moral standard or rule; doctrine or system of moral tive to life; causing death; admitting, or accessible
duties ethics practice of the moral and social du-
; ; to, death; incurring the extreme penalty of God's
ties; external virtue; a kind of play, which consisted law not venial extreme human belonging to
;
; ; ;

—
;

of discourses in praise of morality between allegori- man, who is mortal; wearisomely long. n. being- A
cal actors. —
Mor'ally, adv. In a moral or ethical j
subject to death; man. —
Mortality, -T-tl, n. Con-
sense according to moral rules virtuously hon-
; ; ;
j
dition or quality of being mortal; death; destruc-
estly; practically according to the usual course of
; tion; the whole number of deaths in a given time
things and human judgment. Morals'", mo-raP,— j

or community those who are, or that which is,

;

n. Moral condition or mental state (of a body of mortal: the human race; humanity. Mor'tally, —
—
men, an army, etc.). [F.] Mor'alize, v. t. [-ized adv. In a mortal manner irrecoverably in the
—
; ;

(-Izd), -izixg.] To apply to a moral purpose, ex- highest possible degree; inveterately. Moribund,
plain in a moral sense, draw a moral from; to mor'T-buncl, a. At the point of death; dying.—
lend a moral to; to render moral or virtuous. v. i. Mort'uary, morfu-a-rT, n. A gift due to the min-
To make moral reflections. ister of a parish on the death of a parishioner: a
Morass. See under Moor. burial-place; a morgue. a. —
Pert, to the burial of
Moravian, mo-ra'vT-an, ». (Eccl. Hist.) One of a re- the dead.— Mort'gage, mor'gej, n. (Law.) con- A
ligious sect called the United Brethren, orig. fr. Mo- veyance of property, as security for payment of a
ravia, Austria. debt or performance of a duty, on condition that
Morbid, m6r'bid, Not sound and healthful in-
a. ; the grant shall become void upon payment or per-
duced by a diseased or abnormal condition; sickly; formance; state of being pledged. v. t. [mort- —
sick. — Morbose'', -bos', a. Proceeding from dis- gaged (-gejd), -gaging.] To conve3' as security,
ease; unsound; unhealthy. etc.; to pledge; to make liable to the payment of
Morceau, mSr-so', n. A bit; a morsel. — Mor'sel, n. any debt or expenditure. Morfgagee', -ga-je', ». —
A bite; mouthful; a small quantity of anything; One to whom a mortgage is made or given. MorV- —
little piece fragment. —
Morda''cious. -shus, a. gageor', -gej-dr'', Morfgager, -ga-ier, n. One who
;

Biting; given to biting; sarcastic: severe; scathing. conveysproperty as security for debt. Mort ''main, —
— Mordac'ity, -das'l-ti, n. Quality of being mor- mfirfman, n. (Law.) Possession of lands or tene-
dacious; biting or sarcastic quality. Mor'dant, a. — ments in dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate,
Biting; caustic; sarcastic. (Dyeing & Calico Print- — orig. by the church, now by any corporation.
ing.) Serving to fix colors. —
w. A substance which I
— Mor'tify, -tT-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To
gives fixity to dyes, or one which makes gold leaf destroy the organic texture and vital functions of;
adhere. to deaden by religious discipline, as the carnal af-
More, mor, n. Greater quantity, amount, or number; fections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires to
something other and further. «., comp. [used as — abase; to affect with vexation, chagrin, or humilia-
;

compar.of much and many; superl. Most.] Greater tion; to humble, v. i. —

To lose vitality, as flesh;
in amount, degree, quality, number, etc.; additional. to practice severities and penance from religious
— adv.
I

In a greater quantity, extent, or degree; motives; to be subdued.— Mor'tifica'tion, n. Act of,

rather in addition
; further besides ; again.
; ;
— j

or condition of being, etc., esp. (Med.) death of one

Beyond what has been said;
j

Moreo'ver, adv. part of an animal body, while the rest continues to

further; also; likewise; besides. —Most, most, a. live subjection of the passions and appetites, by pen-
;

[superl. of more.] Consisting of the greatest num- ance, abstinence, etc. humiliation, chagrin, vexa-
;

ber or quantity ; greatest. n. The greatest, etc. tion; that which mortifies.
— adv. In the greatest or highest degree. Most'- — j

Mortar, mSr'tar, n. A wide-

ly, -IT, adv. For the greatest part; chiefly; in the mouthed vessel, in which
main. substances are pounded
Moreen, mo-ren', n. A heavy watered woolen stuff, with a pestle. (Mil.) A
used for curtains, etc. short piece of ordnance,,
Morel, morsel, Mor'il, n. An edible mushroom of the with large bore, for throw-"
size of a walnut, abounding with little holes. ing bombs, shells, etc., at
Morel, mor'el, Morel'lo, n. A
variety of juicy cherry high angles of elevation. Mortar.
of an acid taste.
i

— A mixture of lime and sand with water, used

Moresque. See under Moor. as a cement for uniting stones
Morganatic, mdr-ga-nafik, a. Pert, to, or in the man- and bricks in walls.
ner of, a marriage of a man with a woman of in- Mor'tise, mSr'tis, ». cavity A
ferior rank, in which neither the latter nor her !
cut into a piece of timber, or
children enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions other material, esp. one to re-
of her husband, though the children are legitimate.
j

ceive the end of another piece,

Moribund. See under Mortal. made to fit it, called a tenon. , r„v —
Moril. See Morel. v. t. [mortised (-list), -Tis- Mortise and Tenon.
Morisco, Morisk. See under Moor. ing.] To make a mortise in; to join by a tenon
Mormon, mor'mon, n. One of a polygamous sect in '

and mortise. r
the U. S., followers of Joseph Smith, who claimed to Mortmain, Mortuary. I

have found an addition to the Bible, called the Book See under Mort.
of Mormon. —
Mor'monism, -izm, n. Doctrine of,
j

Mosaic, mo-zalk, -ical,

etc. — Mor'monite, -it, n. A Mormon. j

a. Pert, to Moses,
Morn, m6rn, n. The first part of the day; the morn- leader and law-giver
ing the following day; morrow.
; Morn'ing, n. — j

of the Israelites.
The early part of the day, earliest hours of light, Mosaic, mo-zalk, n.
time from midnight to noon, from rising till dinner, Inlaid work, in
etc. ; the first or early part. —
a. Pert, to, or in, which the effect of
the early part of the day. —
Mor'row, mSr'ro, n. painting is produced j

Morning (as, good morrow); the next following by pieces of colored

day; the day following the present; to-morrow. stone, etc. — a. Of,
Morocco. See under Moor. or pert, to, etc.; vari-
Morose, mo-ros', a. Of a sour temper; sullen; austere; egated; tesselated ;

splenetic; crabbed; surlv; ill-natured._ also,composed of va-

Morphia, m6r'f T-a, Mor'phine, -fin or -fen, n. ( Chem.) rious materials or in-
A vegetable alkaloid, the bitter, narcotic principle gredients.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 MOSLEM 257 MOVE
Moslem, mozlem, n. A Mussulman ; an orthodox n. A
quack-doctor who vends nostrums from a
Mohammedan. —
Pert, to, etc.
a. bench or public stage; any boastful and false pre-
Mosque, mosk, n. A Mohammedan
place of worship. tender; a charlatan. —
Mount'ain, -in, n. A large
Mosquito, mus-ke^to, pi. -toes, -toz.
n. ;small dip- A mass of earth and rock, rising above the adjacent
terous stinging insect of several species, having a land: a very high hill, esp. a particular elevation
sharp-pointed proboscis, by which it punctures the in a lofty range; something very large. a. Pert. —
skins of animals and suck's their blood. to, or found on, etc. of mountain size
; vast. — ;

Moss, mos, n. (Bot.) An acrogenous cryptogamous Mountaineer', -in-eK, n. An inhabitant of a

plant of a cellular structure, with branching stem, mountain.— Mount'ainous, -in-us, a. Full of moun-
narrow leaves, and a distinct root, popularly ap- — tains; large as a mountain; huge.
Elied to other cryptogamic plants, esp. lichens. A Mourn, morn, v. i. [mourned (mornd), mourning.]
og ; a place where peat is found. v. t. [mossed To feel or express grief or sorrow, grieve, lament; to
(most), mossing.] To cover with moss. — Moss'y,
wear the customary habit of sorrow.— v. t. To grieve
-I, a. Overgrown, abounding, or bor-
[-IER, -iest.] for; to utter in a sorrowful manner, deplore, bewail,
—
dered with, moss. Moss-rose, n. A variety of rose bemoan. Mourn'er, n. One who mourns; one —
having a mosslike pubescence or growth on the who follows a funeral in the habit of mourning. —
calyx or envelope of the flower. Mourn'rul, -ful, a. Full of, expressing, intended to
Most, Mostly. See under More. express, or causing, sorrow; lugubrious: sad; dole-
Mostic, -tick. Same as Maul-stick. ful; grievous; calamitous. — Mourn'ing, n. Act of
Mot, mo, 11. A pithy or witty saying a witticism. sorrowing; lamentation; sorrow; dress worn by
;

— Motet', mo-tef, n. {Mus.) A musical composi- mourners.

tion adapted to sacred words in church style; an Mouse, mows, n.; pi. Mice, mis. A small rodent quad-
anthem. — Mofto, n. ; pi. -toes, -toz. A phrase or ruped infesting houses and fields. —Mouse, mowz,
sentence prefixed to an essay, poem, etc., and ap- v. i. [moused (mowzd), mousing.] To watch for
posite to its subject; a phrase attached to a device. and catch mice to watch for or pursue anything ;

Mote, mot, n. A small particle, speck, spot. in a sly manner. — Mous'er, n. One that mouses; a
Moth, moth, n. (Entom.') A lepidopterous insect, cat that catches mice.— Mu'rine, -rin, a. Pert, to
of man}- species, allied to mice; mouse-colored.
the butterfly, having an- Moustache. See Mustache.
tennas that taper regular- Mouth, mowth, n. The aperture between the lips
ly to a point, and flying aperture by which an animal takes food also, the ;

mostly by night; a miller; cavity within the lips, containing the jaw, teeth,
a small caterpillar or larve and tongue an opening orifice aperture as of ; ; ; ;

of certain insects, very de- a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or

structive to woolen goods, discharged or, of any cavity, as a care, pit, well, ;

furs, honey, and some veg- or den; or, the opening through which.the waters of
etable substances. That „ any body of water are discharged into another; a
which gradually and si- Feather-winged Moth, principal speaker mouth-piece a wry face gri- ;

mace. — Mouth'ful, -ful, n. ; pi. -fuls. As much as

; ;

lently consumes or wastes anything.

Mother, muth'er, a. A female parent, esp. of the hu- the mouth contains at once a small quantity. — ;

man race; that which has produced any tiling; source Mouth, mowth, v. t. [mouthed (mowtihd), mouth-
of birth or origin. —
a. Received by birth or from ing.] To chew, devour; to utter with a voice affect-
ancestors; native; natural; acting the part, or having edly big or swelling, —v. i. To speak with a full,
the place of, a mother. —
Motherhood, n. State round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate, rant.
of being a mother. —
Moth'erly, -II, a. Pert, to, or Move, moov, v. t. ("moved (moovd), moving.] To
becoming, a mother; tender; maternal. adv. In — cause to change place or posture, carry from one
the manner of, etc. —
Moth'erless, a. Destitute place to another, alter the position of, set in motion;
of, or having lost, etc. —
Moth'er-in-law', n. The to excite to action by presentation of motives; to af-
mother of one's husband or wife. fect (the mind, will, or passions); to arouse the feel-
Mother, muth'er, n. A
thick, slimy vegetable growth ings or passions of esp., to excite to tenderness or
;

which forms in certain saccharine or alcoholic liq- compassion; to offer formally for consideration and
uids, turning them into vinegar; the vinegar plant. determination, in a public assembly, propose, offer.
— r. i. To produce or become thick with mother. — v. i. To change place or posture to go from
— Moth'ery, -£r-Y, a. Like, of the nature of or one place to another; to act mentally or spiritually;
;

—
,

containing, etc. Moth'er-wa'ter, n. The impure to change residence to bring forward a motion in
;

residue of a liquor from which crystals have been an assembly; to make a proposal. n. Act of mov- —
obtained. —
Motherwort, -wert, n. (Bot.) An herb ing; movement; act of moving a piece used in play-
of a bitter taste, used popularly in medicine. ing a game, as chess. —Moveable, a. Capable of
Motion, Motive, Motor, etc. See under Move. being moved; not fixed; changing from one time to
Motley, mofli, a. Variegated in color; dappled; het- another. —
Moveable, n.; pi. -bles, -biz. An article
erogeneously made or mixed up; discordantly com- of wares or goods; generally, in pi., goods; wares;
posite.— n. A fool's parti-colored coat. Moftle, — furniture property not fixed, opp. to real estate.
-tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tling.] To mark with — ;

Move'ment, n. Act of moving; change of place

spots of different colors. or posture mental action
; emotion manner of ; ;

Motto. See under Mot. moving that which moves or imparts motion.
;

Mould, Moulder, etc. See Mold, etc. (Mus.) Rhythm; any single strain, or part, having
Moult. See Molt. the same measure or time. Mov'er, n. —
person A
Mound, mownd, n. An artificial hill or elevation of or thing that moves, stirs, or changes place; a mo-
earth a raised bank .bulwark rampart also, a
; ; ; ; tor; motive power; one who offers a proposition, or
natural isolated hill, hillock, or knoll. v. t. To — recommends anything for consideration or adop-
fortify with a mound. tion. —Mov'ing, p. a. Changing place or posture;
Mount, mownt, n. A mass of earth rising considerably causing motion or action; exciting the passions or
above the surrounding surface; a mountain; means affections; touching; pathetic; affecting. Mo'tile, —
or opportunity for mounting esp., a horse, and the -til, a. Having powers of self-motion, though un-
equipments for a horseman. v. i. To rise on high,— ;

conscious. —
Mo r tion, -shun, n. Act or process of
go up, ascend, tower to get upon anything, esp.
; changing place or position gesture movement
— ; ;

on horseback; to amount, count up. v. t. To get manner of moving port gait air power of, or
; : ; ;

upon, ascend, climb to bestride to put on horse-

; ; capacity for, moving; movement of the mind, will,
back, furnish with horses to put on anything that ; desires," or passions; proposition offered, esp. in a
sustains and fits for use, as a gun on a carriage, a map deliberative assembly. v. i. —
[motioned (-shund),
on cloth or paper to prepare for being worn or -tioning.] To make a significant movement or
;

used, as a diamond by setting, etc. Mounfing, n. — gesture to make proposal, offer a proposition. —
—
;

Act of preparing foruse, or embellishing; that by Mo'tionless, a. Wanting motion; at rest. Mo'-
which anything is prepared for use, or set off to tive, -tiv, a. Causing motion having power, or
advantage; embellishment.— Mount'ebank, -e-bank, tending, to move. n. —
That which incites to ac-
;

stin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
17
 MOW 258 MULTANGULAR
tion anything moving the will; incentive; incite- Mug, mug, n. A kind of earthen or metal cup.
;

ment; inducement; stimulus; cause. {Fine Arts.) Muggy, mug'st, a. [-gier, -giest.] Moist; moldy;
The theme or conception which the artist embodies damp and close warm and humid. ;

in his work. —
Motivlty, -Y-tY, n. Power of pro- Mulatto. See under Mule.
ducing motion quality of being influenced by Mulberry, muf ber-ri, n. The berry or fruit of a tree
motives. — ;

Mo'tor, n. One who, or that which, of the genus Morus ; the tree it-
imparts motion a source or originator of me- self.
chanical power, etc. — Mo'tor, -tory, -to-rT, a. Giv- Mulch, mulch, n. Half-rotten
;

ing motion pert, to; organs of motion. straw, leaves, etc., strewn over,
Mow, mow, n. A heap or pile of hay or sheaves of the roots of plants to protect
grain in a barn; place in a barn where hay or grain from heat, cold, dryness, etc. —
is stowed, —
r.t. [mowed (mowd), mowing.] To v.t. ("mulched (mulcht), mulch-'
pile and stow away in a barn, as hay or sheaves. ing.] To protect with mulch.
Mow, mo, v. t. [imp. mowed; p. p. mowed (mod) or Mulct, mulkt, n. A fine; pecuni-
mown (mon); mowing.] To cut down with a scythe, ary punishment or penalty. v. —
as grass; to cut the grass from: to cut down indis- t. To punish by a tine; to with-
criminately, or in great numbers or quantity, v. i. —
hold from by way of discipline.
To cut grass, perform the business of mowing. Mule, mul, n. A quadruped oi
Mow, mow, n. A wry face. v. i. To make mouths, — mongrel breed, usually gener-
grimace, pout. ated between an ass and a mare,
Moxa, moks / a, n. A woolly, soft substance prepared sometimes between a horse and
from the young leaves of certain plants, and burnt a she-ass; any animal or plant Black Mulberry
on the skin to produce an ulcer; any substance used of a mongrel kind; a hybrid. Leaf and Fruit.
in a like manner. —
Mulish, a. Like a mule; stubborn. MuTeteer', —
Mr. Abbr. of mister, q. v. —Mrs. Abbr. of mistress, -le-tei ', jj. One who drives mules. Mulafto, n. —
but pron. mis'sis. See Mistress. pi. -toes, -toz. The offspring of a negress by a
Much, much, a. [compar. & superl. wanting, but sup- white man, or of a white woman by a negro.
plied by more and most.] Great in quantity or Mule, mul, n. A machine used in spinning cotton.
amount; long in duration; abundant; plenteous.— Mull, mul, v. t. [mulled (muld), mulling.] To heat,
n. A great quantity; great deal; a thing uncommon, sweeten, and enrich with spices; to dispirit or dead-
wonderful, or noticeable. —
adv. To a great degree en.
or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; often, or long; Mull, mul, n. A thin, soft kind of muslin.
in nearly the same condition; almost. Mullein, -len, muf len, n. A plant growing in roads
Mucid, Mucilage, etc. See under Mucus. and neglected fields.
Muck, muk, n. Dung in a moist state; a mass of de- Muller, muller, n. A pestle of stone or glass, for
caying vegetable matter black swamp earth con- ; grinding pigments.
taining decornposed vegetable matter peat some- Mullet, mullet, n. An ed-
; ;

thing mean, vile, or filthy. v. t. To manure with— ible fish of 2 genera and
muck. several species.
Muck. See Amuck. Mulligatawny, mul'lY-ga-
Mucronate, mu'kro-nat, -nated, a. (Bot. & taw'nY, n. A k i n d of
Zobl.) Terminating abruptly, with a short, curry soup or stew. ,. „ .

spinous process. Mulligrubs, muf

lY-grubz, Mullet.
Mucus, mu'kus, n. (Phpsiol.) A viscid fluid n. A twisting of the intestines colic; sullenness.
;

secreted by the mucous membrane, which it Mullion, mul'yun, n. (Arch.) A vertical bar divid-
moistens and defends; any other animal fluid ing the lights of Gothic windows,
of a viscid, quality. — Mu'cous, -kus, a. screens, etc.; one of the divisions
Pert, to, resembling, or secreting mucus in panelings resembling win-
—
;

slimy; secreting a slimy substance. Mucous dows.

membrane. The membrane lining all the Multangular, mult-aifgu-Ier, a.
cavities of the body which communicate Having many angles; polygonal.
with an external opening. Mu'cousness, n. ™«»™- — — Multan'gularly, adv. With
— Mu'culent, a. Slimy; moist, and moder- L" stfe many angles or corners.— Mul-
ately viscous. — Mu'cid, -sid, a. Musty Having many
tica'vous, -vus, a.
moldy; slimy.— Mu'cilage, -sY-lej, n. (Chem.) One
;

— Multidenlate, -tat,
cavities. a.
of the proximate elements of vegetables; an aque- Armed with many teeth. — Mul-
ous solution of gum. — Mucilaginous, -laf Y-nus, a. tifarious, -rY-us, a. Having mul-
Of the nature of mucilage moist, soft, and lubri- ; tiplicity; of various kinds; diver-
cous: slimy; pert, to, or secreting, mucilage. sified. — Multifariousness, n.
Mud, mud, n. Earth wet, soft, and adhesive mire. Multiplied diversity.— Muf tifid,
— v. t. To maketurbid, or foul, with dirt to
;

a. (Bot.) Divided into several Mullions.

—
;

muddy. Mud'dy, -dt, a. [-diek, -diest.] Be- parts by linear sinuses and
smeared with, containing, or consisting of mud or straight margins. -
Multiflorous, " "' TZ\7om.' "
'

adhesive earth of the color of mud turbid: thick, -tY-flo'- or -tif lo-rus, a. Having
— Muf
; ;

as with dregs; gross; impure; cloudy in mind: dull; many flowers. tifoil, n. (Arch.) leaf orna- A
heavy; stupid.—?', t. [muddied '(-did), -dying.] ment consisting of
To soil with mud, dirty, make turbid; to make dull more than 5 divisions
or heavy. —
Mud'dle, -dl, n. A state of being tur- or foils; see Foil. —
bid or confused; bewilderment. v. t. [muddled — Muf tifold, a. Many
(-did), --dung.] To make turbid, or muddy, as times doubled; mani-
water; to cloud or stupefy; to make a mess of. a. — fold. — Mufti-form, a.
In a half-intoxicated state. Having many forms,
Muff, muf, i). A warm cover for receiving the hands, shapes, or appear-
esp. a cylinder of fur.— Muffin, n. A light, spongy ances. — M
u 1 1 i fornf-
cake, circular and flat. — Muffle, v. t. [-fled (-flu), ity, n. Diversity
of
-fling.] To wrap up in something that conceals ; forms variety of ap-
;

esp. to wrap (the face) in disguising folds; to wrap pearances in the same
with something that dulls or renders sound inaudi- thing.— Multilateral,
ble. —n. (Chem. &. Metal.) An oven-shaped vessel, a. Having many sides. Multifoil.
used in assaying. The naked portion of the upper — Multilin'eal, -e-al, a.
lip and nose of ruminants and rodents. Having many lines. — Multilobular, a. Having
Muff, muf, n. A stupid, clumsy, or despicable fellow; many cells or compartments. — Multif oquence,
a blunderer: simpleton; in games, a failure to catch -o-kwens, n. Use of many words; talkativeness.
a flying ball. —
Muffle, -ff, v. i. To speak indis- Multif oquent, -oquous, -kwus, a. Very talkative.
tinctly. — Multip'arous, -a-rus, a. Producing many at a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; 8dd, tSne, or
 MUM 259 MUSHROOM
— Mul'tiped, -ti-ped, n.
birth. An insect having Mural, mu'ral, a. Pert, to, or like, a wall; perpendic-
many feet. — a. Having many feet. — MuKtiplex, ular or steep.
Manifold. — MuKtiple, -tY-pl, a. Containing Murder, mer dSr, n. Act of killing a human being
/,
a.
more than once, or more than one manifold.— with malice prepense or aforethought, —v. t. [mur-
;

n. (Math.) A
quantity containing another a cer- dered (-derd), -dering.] To kill with premeditated
tain number of times without a remainder. A — malice; to destroy, put an end to, assassinate, slav-,
common multiple of 2 or more numbers contains each massacre.— Mur'derer, n. One guilty of murder;
of them some number of times exactly the least c. : assassin ; bloodshedder ; manslay^r. — Mur'deress,
m. is the least number that will do this.— Mul'tiply, n. A woman who, etc. Mur'derous, -us, a.
Guilty —
-tY-pli, v. t. [-plied (-pfid), -plying.] To increase of, consisting in, accompanied with, fond of, or
in number, make more numerous, add quantity to. premeditating, murder; bloody; blood-guilty;
(Math.) To repeat or add to itself any given num- blood-thirsty; Ravage; cruel.
ber or quantity as many times as there are units in Muriate, mu'ri-at, n. (Cheat.) A compound formed
any other given number.— v. i. To become numer- by the union of muriatic acid with a base.— Mu'-
ous: to increase in extent and influence. Mul- — ria'ted, a. Combined or impregnated with mu-
tiplicand', n. (Arith.) The number to be multiplied riaticacid put in brine. Muriatic, a. Pert, to, —
bv another, which is called the multiplier. —Multi-
;

or obtained from, sea-salt. Mwiatic acid. An —

plicate, mul'tY-plT- or mul-tiplT-kat, a. Consisting acid consisting of hydrogen and chlorine; hydro-
of many, or more than one; multiple; multifold. — chloric acid.
Mul'tiplica'tion, n. Act of multiplying, or of in- Murine. See under Mouse.
creasing in number. (Math.) rule or operation A Murky. merk'Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Dark; gloomy.
by which any given quantity may be added to itself Murmur, mer'nier, n. A low, confused, and indis-
any number of times proposed. Mul'tiplica'tive, — tinct sound; a half suppressed complaint, —v. i.
-tiv, a. Tending, or having the power, to multiply, [murmured (-mSrd), -muring.] To make a low, con-
—
i

MuKtiplica'tor, n. The number by which an- tinued noise, like the hum of bees, stream of water,
—
!

other number is multiplied; a multiplier. Multi- I rolling waves, wind in a forest, etc.; to utter com-
plic'ity, -plis'i-tY, n. A
state of being multiple, plaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to grumble.
— Mur'muringly, adv. With a low sound with
I

manifold, or various; a collection of many objects;

— Mur'murous, -us, a. Attended with
;

a great number. —
MuKtipli'er, n. One who, or that complaints.
which, etc. the number in arithmetic by which an-
; murmurs ; murmuring.
other is multiplied. —
Mul'titude, -ti-tud, n. State ! Murrain, mur'rin, n. An infectious and fatal dis-
of being many numerousness ; a great number of
; I
ease among cattle.
individuals throng crowd commonalty ; swarm;
; ; ; I Muscadel, mus'ka-del, -catel, -cat, -cadine, -din or
populace vulgar.— Mul'ti valve, -ti-valve, n. (Zobl.)
; -din, n. A
rich, spicy grape, or the wine made from
A shell having more than two valves. it; a fragrant pear.
Mum, mum, a. Silent. — interj. Be silent; hush. n. — Muscle, mus'' si, n. (Anat.) An organ of motion in
Silence.— Mum'ble, -bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] animal bodies, consisting of fibers inclosed in their
To speak with the lips or other organs partly closed, cellular membrane, and capable of contraction and
mutter; to eat with the lips closed, chew ineffectu- relaxation. (Conch.) An
ally. —
v. t. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice; edible bi-valvular shell-
to eat with a muttering sound; to suppress, or ut- fish.— Mus'cular, -ku-
ter imperfectly. —
Mumm, v. t. [mummed (mumd), lSr, a. Pert, to a muscle, <

-MING.] To sport in a mask or disguise; to mask, or to a system or the<

play the buffoon. —
Mum'mery, -mer-Y, n. Mask-
—
strength of muscles; con-
ing; sport; buffoonery; farcical show. Mump, v. t. sisting of or constituting,
[mumped (mumpt), mumping.] To work over with performed by, or depend-
the mouth, chew quickly, nibble to talk imper- ; ent on, etc.; well fur- Muscle.
fectly or feebly. —
v.i. To move the lips with the nished with muscles brawny strong powerful; ; ; :

mouth closed, mumble; to talk brokenly; to begin characterized by strength and vigor. Muscular''- —
a low tone or deceitful manner. Mumps, n. pi. — ity, -lar'Y-tY,re. State of being muscular. Myol'- —
(Med.) A
peculiar and specific unsuppurative in- ogy, -oKo-jY, n. (Anat.) A description of the mus-
flammation and swelling of the parotid glands. cles of the human body.
Mummy, mnrn'ml, n. A dead body embalmed and Muscovy Duck, mus'ko-vY-duk'. A large and prolific
dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians a ; species of duck, wild and domesticated, having a
body preserved, by any means, in a dry state. musky smell.
Munch, munch, v. t. [munched (muncht), munch- Muse, muz, v. i. [mused (muzd), musing.] To think
ing.] To nibble, chew without opening the mouth, closely, study in silence, ponder, meditate, rumi-
chew noisily or eagerly. — v. i. To chew with closed nate; to be absent-minded. — v. t. To think on, med-
lips, masticate. itate on. — n. Deep thought; absence of mind.
Mundane, mun'dan, a. Pert, to this world; worldly; Mus'ing, a. Meditative. — n. Act of, etc.
earthly; terrestrial. — Mun'difica'tion, n. Act or Muse, muz, n. (Myth.) One of the 9 goddesses who
operation of cleansing anv body from dross or ex- preside over the liberal arts ( Cali'ope, overeloquence
traneous matter. — Mundif'icative, -tiv, a. Having and heroic poetry; Cli'o, history; Er'ato, lyric and
power to cleanse. — n. A medicine which, etc. love poetry Euter'pe, music Melpom'ene, trage- ; ;
Mungo, mun'go, n. Fibrous material obtained bv dy ; Polt/him'nid, singing and rhetoric Terpsich'- ;

deviling the rags of fine woolen goods, broadcloths, ore, dancing Thali'a. pastoral and comic poetry ; ;
etc., as shoddy is obtained fr. coarser kinds cloth Ura'nia, astronomy); a genius of art, literature, or
—
;

made from this material. music. Muse'um, n. A collection of natural,

Mungoose. Mongoose, mun'goos, n. An animal of scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art.
India which destroys snakes, small animals, etc.; a — Mu'sic, n. Melody or harmony; a succession of
species of ichneumon. sounds so modulated as to please the ear; science
Municipal, mu-nis'Y-pal, a. Pert, to local self-govern- of harmonical sounds; art of producing or combin-
ment; pert, to a corporate town or city, or to a state, ing sounds in a manner to please the ear. Mu'si- —
kingdom, or nation. — Municipality, -Y-tT, n. A cal, a. Pert, to, producing, or
municipal district. — Munificence, -nif'i-sens, n. containing music; pleasing to
Great liberality in giving benevolence benef- ; ; the ear melodious
; harmc -
icence bounty.
; —
Munificent, -sent, a. Very lib- nious. —
Musi'cian, -zish'an.
;

eral in giving; bountiful; generous. n. One skilled in the art or

Muniment, mu'nY-ment, n. Anything supporting or science of music.
defending; a stronghold; place or means of defense. Mush, mush, n. Indian meal
(Lino.) A record; a title-deed, charter, etc., esp. one boiled in water ; hasty pud-
relating to national, manorial, or ecclesiastical rights ding.
—
and privileges. Muni'tion, -nish'un, n. Materials Mushroom, mush'room, n
used in war for deiense, or lor annoying an enemy; (Bot.) One of a class of rapid-
military stores of all kinds, usually in pi. growing cryptogamic plants Mushrooms.
sun, cube, full ; m6on, i'6"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MUSIC 260 MYRTLE
of the order of Fungi: the name is popularly re- ticulate language; or, one employed to stand before
stricted to such species as are edible. An upstart. the door of a house in which there is a corpse or, a
— a. Pert, to mushrooms; short-lived; ephemeral. dumb attendant, esp. of a seraglio. (Gram.) let-
;

A
Mu3ic, See under Muse.
etc. ter which represents no sound, a silent letter; a con-
Musk, musk, n. A substance of powerful and en- sonant formed by a position of the vocal organs which
during odor obtained from a bag behind the navel stops the passage of the breath entirely, as p, b, d, g,
of the male musk-deer. —
Musk'y, a. Having the k, t. —
Mu'tacism, -sizm, n. Inability to enunciate
odor of musk. —
Musk'deer, n. A hornless deer of properly the labial consonants, b,p, m.
the highlands of Cen- Mute, mut, v. i. To eject the contents of the bowels,
tral Asia. See Musk.— as birds.
-mel'on, n. speciesA Mutilate, mu'tTl-at, v. t. To cut off a limb of; to
of melon, having a maim, cripple; to destroy or remove a material part
musky fragrance. — of, so as torender imperfect; Mu'tila'tion, n. Act —
_-ox, n. A
bovine ru- of mutilating, or state of being mutilated.
minant of the country Mutiny, mu'tT-ni, n. Insurrection against constituted
about Hudson's Bay: authority by subordinates, esp. against military or
it has large horns turn- naval commanders; violent commotion; tumult: re-
i n g downward and volt; uprising; rebellion. v. i. —
[mutinied (-nid),
outward on each side -NTiNG.J To rise against lawful authority. Mu- —
of the head. rat, n. tineer', -ner', n. One guilty of mutiny; a sailor or
A rodent animal of N Musk-ox. soldier who rises in opposition to the authority of
Amer., allied to the beaver, but about the size of a the officers. —
Mu'tinous, -nus, a. Disposed to mu-
cat, having a strong, musky smell. tiny turbulent.
;

Musket, mus'ket, n. Orig. a kind of hawk or fal- Mutter, mutter, v. i [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
con now, the ordinary fire-arm of infantry sol-
; utter words with a low voice, with sullenness or in
diers.— Mus'keteer'', -er r n._ A soldier armed with complaint; to grumble, murmur; to sound with a
a musket. — ,

Mus'ketoon'', -oon', n. A short, wide- low, rumbling noise. —

v. t. To utter with imperfect
mouthed musket one armed with, etc.
; Mus'- — articulations, or with a low voice. n. Repressed —
ketry, -ri, n. Muskets in general or collectively; or obscure utterance.
practice with, or the art of using, etc. ; the fire of, Mutton, muftn, n. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed
etc. for food.
Muslin, muz'lin, n. A thin cotton cloth or gauze. Mutual, mut'u-al, Reciprocally acting or related
a.
Musquash, mus'kwosh, n. The Indian name for reciprocally given and received showing commu- ;

Musk-rat, q. v. nity of action. —

Mutuality, -al'Y-ti, n. Quality of
Musquet. Same as Musket. correlation reciprocation
; interchange. — Mutu- ;

Musquito. Same as Mosquito. ally, adv.

Muss, mus, n. A confused struggle: state of confusion Mutule, mut'Ol, n. (Arch.) A projecting block worked
or disorder; mess. v. t. —
To disorder, rumple. under the corona of the
Mussel. Same as Muscle, a shell-fish. Doric cornice, in the same
Mussulman, mus'sul-man, n. ; pi. -mans. A Moham- situation as the Corinthian
medan; a Moslem. modillion. 1 " UV1U,: -

Must, must, v. i. or auxiliary. To be obliged, —ex- Muzzle, muz'zl, n. The projecting mouth and nose
pressing both physical and moral necessity to be ; of an animal; mouth of a thing, esp. of a gun; a
essential to the end proposed. fastening or covering for the mouth which prevents
Must, must, n. Wine pressed from the grape, but not biting. — v. t. [muzzled (-zld), -zling.] To bind
fermented, —i'. i. To grow moldy and sour; to be- or cover the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eat-
—
come fetid. Must'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Moldy; ing.
sour; foul and fetid; spoiled by age; stale; vapi'd; My, mi, a. Belonging to me, used always attribu- —
dull; heavy. Mus'tard, — tively.— Myself x>ron. I or me, , used for empha- —
re. A cruciferous plant of sis; used also instead of me, without emphasis, as
several species ; a powder the object of the first person of a reflexive verb.
or paste made of its pun- Myriad, mir'H-ad, n. Ihe number of ten thousand;
fent seeds, used as a con- an immense or indefinitely large number. Myr'- —
iment and in medicine. iagram,-i-a-gram,rc. A metric weight 10,000 grams, =
Mustache, mus-fash', Mous- or 10 kilograms, or 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois. Myria- —
tache, moos-fash', n. That gramme, me're-a/gram', re. Same as Myriagram. —
part of the beard which Myrialiter, imVi-SKI-ter or mir'I-a-li'ter, n. A
grows on the upper lip. measure of capacity 10,000 liters =
2,641.4 Amer. =
Mustang, mus'tang, n. The gallons, or nearly 42 hogsheads. Myrialitre, -le'tr, —
wild horse of the prairies in n. Same as Myrialiter. —
Myriameter, mir' l-am'e-
Mexico, California, etc. ter or mir'Tt-a-me'tSr, re. measure of length A =
Mustard. See under Must, n. 10,000 meters =
6.2134 Amer. or 6.21382 Eng. miles. —
Myriainetre, me / re_-a/ ma tr, n. Same as Myriame-
y,
Muster, mus'ter,*;.*. [-tered
(-terd), -tering.] To as- ter.— Myriare, me're-ar', n. measure of suriace A
semble (troops) for parade, = 10,000 ares =
247.085 Amer. or 247.1143 Eng. acres.
inspection, exercise, etc.; to — Myr'iapod, -Y-a-pod, re. (Zobl.) An air-breathing,
take an account of num- Mustard, vermiform, articulate ani-
hers, condition, etc. to gather for use or exhibi- mal, having many jointed
—
;

tion, get together, v. i. To come together as parts legs and a hard external
of a force or body; to assemble; n. An assem- skeleton ; centiped ; milli-
bling of troops for review, etc.; assemblage and dis- ped.
play; gathering. Myrmidon, mer'nit-dun, n.
Musty, etc. See under Must, n. One of a troop who accom-
Mutable, mu'ta-bl, a. Capable of alteration subject ; panied Achilles to the war
to change; susceptible of change; inconstant; un- against Troy; hence, a sol-
stable; wavering; variable; fickle. Mu'tableness, — dier of a rough or desperate
-tabil'ity, n. Quality of being, etc.; changeable- character; one who ruth-
ness; inconstancy. —
Muta'tion, n. Act or process lessly executes orders.
of changing; alteration, either in form or qualities. Myrrh, mer, n. transpar-A
Mute, mat, a. Restrained from speaking uttering ; ent gum-resin, usually of
no sound incapable of speaking not uttered un-
; ; ; amber color, of aromatic
pronounced; silent; having its sound wholly checked odor, and bitter, slightly
by complete closure of the vocal organs, said of — pungent taste. Myrtle (Myrtus com-
certain consonants.— n. One who is silent or speech- Myrtle, mSr'tl, n. fragrant A munis).
less, as, one who, from deafness, is unable to use ar- evergreen shrub of several species the common :

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, Sve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, t5ne, 8r
 MYSELF 261 NARWHAL
myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, 8 or 10 feet high: -tY-sizm, n. Obscurity of doctrine. (Eccl. Hist.)
the ancients considered it sacred to Venus. Myr'- — Doctrine of the Mystics, who maintain that they
tiform, a. Resembling myrtle or myrtle-berries. have direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, and
Myself. See under My. acquire a knowledge of spiritual things unattaina-
Mystery, mis'ter-Y, n. A trade; handicraft; any me- ble by the natural intellect. —
Mystifica'tion, n. Act
chanical occupation; a kind of rude drama, of a re- of involving in mystery, perplexing, or playing on
ligious character, orig. performed By craftsmen; a one's credulity also, something designed to mys-
;

mystery-play. tify.— Mys'tify, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -eying.] To

Mystery, mis / tSr-i, n. A profound secret; that which involve in mystery so as to mislead to perplex ;

is beyond human comprehension until explained; purposely.

anything artfully made difficult, pi. A kind of secret Myth, mitn, n. A
fable, legend, or tradition as to the
religious celebrations, to which only initiated persons origin, early history, gods, etc., of a nation, etc. ; a
were admitted. —
Myste'rious, -rY-us, a. Relating to, fabulous story; an imaginary person or object. —
of the nature of, or containing, mystery difficult or ; Mytb/ic, -ical, a. Relating to, described in, or of
impossible to understand; obscure; secret; occult; the nature of, a myth; fabulous; imaginary; fanci-
enigmatical; incomprehensible. —
Mys'tic, n. One ful.— Mythol'ogy, -thoKo-jY, n. Science of, or a
—
who holds to mysticism. Mys'tic, -tical, a. Re- treatise on, myths; a collective body of myths; esp.
mote from human comprehension; obscure; import- pert, to the gods, etc., of a heathen people. My- —
ing or implying mysticism; involving some secret thol'ogist, -thologist, n. One versed in, or who
meaning; allegorical; emblematical. Mysticism, — writes on, mythology.

N.
N, en, the 14th letter of the Eng. alphabet, is a nasal. flowering plants, of several species, comprising the
Nab, nab, v. t. [nabbed (naod), -bing.] To catch daffodils, jonquils, etc.
suddenly or unexpectedly. Narcot'ic, -kot'ik, -ical, a.
Nabob, na'bob, n. A
deputy or viceroy in India; one (Med.) Relieving pain, and
who returns to Europe from the East with immense producing sleep; producing
wealth; a very rich man. stupor, coma, and convul-
Nadir, na'dgr, n. That point of the heavens directly sions, and, when given in
opposite to the zenith; the lowest point. sufficient quantity, causing
Nag, nag, n. A horse, esp. a small horse pony. ; death. n. (Med.) A medi-
Nag, nag, v. t. [nagged (nagd), -ging.] To tease in cine which, in medicinal
a petty and pertinacious fashion, scold, annoy. doses, relieves pain, and
Naiad, na'yad, n. (Myth.) A female deity, presiding produces sleep, but in poi-
over a river or spring a water nymph.
; sonous doses produces stu-
Nail, nal, n. The horny scale growing at the end of por, coma, convulsions, and,
the human fingers and toes; the claw or talon of a in sufficient quantity, caus-
bird or other animal; a metal pin to fasten boards, es death.
timbers, etc. a measure of length
; 21-4 inches. = — Narrate, nar-raf or nar'rat,
v. t. [nailed (nald), nailing.] To fasten with v. t. To tell, rehearse, or re-
nails, or as with a nail; to fix, catch, trap. cite, as a story to give an
—
;

Naked, na'ked, a. Having no clothes on; uncovered; account of. Narra'tion,

bare; nude; unarmed; defenseless; open to view; n. Act of, etc.; rehearsal;
manifest plain without addition, exaggeration, recital; thing related; ac- Narcissus,
;
;

excuses, etc. destitute, unaided

; mere simple. ; ; count; relation; story; tale; history. Nar'rative, —
(Bot.) Without pubescence; without a calyx; with- -ra-tiv, a. Pert, to narration giving a particular or
;

out leaves; not inclosed in a pod or capsule. (Mils.) continued account; inclined to relate stories, or to
Not having the full complement of tones. tell particulars of events, —n. That narrated; the
Name, nam, n. The title by which a particular person recital of a story; narration. Narra'tor, n. —
or thing is known or designated appellation reputed
: ; Narrow, nar'ro, a. Of little breadth not wide or ;

character; reputation; renown; celebrity; eminence; broad; of little extent; very limited; circumscribed;
memory; remembrance; a race; family; a person. contracted in mind, disposition, views, feelings, etc.
v.t. [named (namd), naming.] To give an appella- parsimonious; selfish; within a small distance; close;
tion to; to mention by name; to designate by name, near involving serious exposure scrutinizing
denominate, style, term, call, nominate. Name'- — ;

careful; exact. —
v. t. [narrowed (-rod), -row-
; ;

less, a. Without a name; undistinguished; that ing.] To lessen the breadth of, contract to con- ;

cannot or ought not to be named. Nam'' able, a. — tract the reach or sphere of to make less liberal or
Capable of being named. —
Namely, adv. To wit;
;

more selfish; to limit, confine- (Knitting.) To con-

that is to say; to particularize. —
Name'sake, n. One tract the size of (a stocking, etc.) by taking 2 stitches
who has the same name as another; esp., one named intol. — v. i. To become less broad. (Knitting.) To
out of regard to another. contract size, by taking 2 stitches into 1. Nar/rows, —
Nankeen, nan-ken', n. A
yellowish cotton cloth, of n. pi. A narrow passage through a mountain, or a
firm texture, orig. manufactured at Nankin, China. channel of water between one sea or lake and anoth-
Nap, nap, v. i. [napped (napt), napping.] To have er; a contracted part of a river or of an ocean cur-
a short sleep; to be drowsy, doze; to be in a careless, rent; a strait; sound. —
Nar'rowly, adv. With little
secure state. — n. A short sleep. breadth; without much extent; contractedly; with
Nap, nap, n. Woolly or villous substance on the sur minute scrutiny; closely; by a small distance; bare-
face (of felt, cloth, some plants, etc.). ly; merely; sparingly.
Nape, nap, n. The back part of the neck. Narwhal, nar'hwal, -wal, A cetaceous mammal,
Naphtha, nap'tha or naftha, n. A thin, volatile, found in the northern
very inflammable and explosive hydrocarbon, ob- seas; sea-unicorn :

tained from some oil-springs and from distillation of the. male has usually
coil and wood, -and esp. from petroleum. one long, twisted.,
Napkin, nap'kin, n. A little towel; a cloth used for tusk, projecting for-
wiping the mouth and hands, esp. at the table. ward from the upper Narwhal.
Narcissus, nar-sis'sus, n. (Bot.) A genus of bulbous jaw like a horn.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fOot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 NASAL 262 NEAR
Na^al, na'zal, a. Pert, to the nose spoken through ; sity tovomit qualm.— Nau'seate, naw'she-at, v. i.
the nose. — ji. An elementary sound uttered
;

To become squeamish, feel disgust.— v. t. To affect

through the nose, or through both nose and mouth with nausea, sicken to reject with disgust, loathe. ;

simultaneously. (Med.) A medicine that operates — Nau'seou3, -shus, a. Causing, or fitted to cause,
through the nose; an errhine. —
Nastur'tium, -ter'- nausea. —
Nau'tical, -tik-al, a. Pert, to seamen, or
shum, n. Aplant of several species, cultivated for to the art of navigation naval ;

its showv, strong-scented, yellow or orange flowers, marine ; maritime. Nau'tilus, —

as a salad plant, and for its pungent flower-buds -tt-lus, n. (Zobl.) A cephalopodous
and seeds (for pickling); Indian cress; also, the wa- mollusk, of several species, having
ter cress and allied cruciferous plants. a spiral, chambered shell and many
Nascent. See under Nation. slender cupless tentacles; the name
Na3ty, nas'tr, a. [-tieu, -tiest.] Offensively filthy; is also applied to the shells of sev-
very dirty; nauseous; disgusting; indecent; gross; eral different mollusca. kind of A
vile; wet, sloppy, disagreeable, —
said of the weather. diving bell, whose motions are con-
Natant, na'tant, a. {Bot.) Floating on the surface trolled by the occupants.— Na'val,
of water, as the leaf of an aquatic plant. a. Pert, to, consisting of, or having
Nation, na'shun, n. A people living in the same coun- to do with ships or a navy naut- : Nautilus,
try and under the same government; a people hav- ical ; marine ; maritime. — Na'vy, -vT, n. A fleet of
ing a common origin and language people race; ; ; ships; a nation's ships of war. considered collectively,
stock.— Na'tional, nash'un-al, a. Pert, to a nation; or the officers and men belonging to them. Nav /'- —
common to a people or race public general at- ; igate, nav'Y-gat, v. i. To journev bv water, go in a
tached, esp. to one's own country.
;

Nationalism, — ;

ship, sail. v. t. —
To pass over "in ships; to steer,
-izm, n. State of being national national attach- ; direct, or manage in sailing. Navigation, n. Act —
ment.— Nationality, -al'I-tl, n. Quality of being na- of navigating science or art of conducting ships or
;

tional, or strongly attached to one's own nation; na- vessels from one place to another navigable water;
tional character; a race or people, as determined by means of navigation vessels shipping. Nav'- ; ;
;

—
common language and character, and not by polit- igable, a. Admitting of being navigated. Nav'- —
ical bias or divisions; nation; national unity and in- iga'tor, n. One who is skillful in the art of naviga-
tegrity. —Nationalize, nash'un-al-Iz, v. t. [-ized tion. —
Nav'vy, -vl, n. Originally, a laborer on ca-
(-Izd), -izing.] To make national.— Nas'cent, -sent, nals for inter-
a. Beginning to exist or to grow. Na'tal. a. Pert, — nal navigation;
to, accompanying, or dating from, one's birth na- hence, a labor-
tive; natural. —Na'tive, -tiv, a. Tort, to one's birth;
;

er on other
natal; conferred by birth; born with one; indige- public works,
nous; produced by nature; not wrought by art; un- esp. railroads.
artiScial. — n. One born in a place or country; a — Nave, -nav,
denizen by birth. (Stock-breeding.) Any of the live n. (Arch.) The
stock found in a region, excluding such as belong middle or body
to pure and distinct breeds an animal of common; of a church,
or mongrel blood. —
Nativ'ity, -tiv'i-tT, n. Birth; extending f r .

time, place, or circumstances of birth. (Astrol.) A the choir to the

horoscope. — Nat'ure, na'chur, n. Native charac- principal en-
ter; inherent qualities, attributes, or endowments; trance the ;

kind; sort; character; species; established or regular part between

course of things; existing system of things; the world the wings or
of matter; thecrcatiou; universe; the personified sum aisles.
and order of causes and effects the agencies which ; Nautch, nawch,
carry on the processes of the creation natural af- ; m. In India,
fection or reverence adherence to what is natural,
; an exhibition
normal, or usual a person of intelligence and char-
; of dancing by
acter. — Nat'ural, nach'ur-al, a. Pert, to the con- girls, generally
stitution of a thing; according to nature; charac- courtesans.
teristic; conformed to the order of nature; normal; Nave, nav, n.
regular; having to do with the existing system of Body of a Nave.
things; conformed to truth or reality; by impulses church see under Nausea.
:

of natural appetite alone illegitimate

; bastard ; ; Nave, nav, n. The piece of wood, etc., in the center
pert, to, derived from, or formed by, the lower or of a wheel, through which the axle passes; the hub.
animal nature merely. (Mus.) Pert, to a key which — Na'vel, -vl, n. A depression in the center of the
has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, —n. abdomen, being the scar left by the detachment of
An idiot. (Mus.) A character [thus, _Q~] used to the umbilical cord after birth; the central part or
contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat point of anything middle. ;

—
which has preceded it. Nat'uralist, n. One who Nay, na, adv. No; not this merely, but also; not only
studies the natural history of animals one who ; so. —
n. Denialj refusal.
maintains the doctrines of naturalism.— Nat'urali- Nazarene, naz'a-ren', n. An inhabitant of Nasareth;
za'tion, it. Act of investing an alien with the rights one of the early converts to Christianity,— a term
and privileges of a native subject or citizen; state of contempt. Naz'arite, -rit, n. —
A Jew who
of being thus invested with citizenship.— Nat'u- bound himself by a vow to extraordinary purity of
ralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izijtg.] To make natural lifeand devotion.
or easy by custom and habit; to confer rights of a Neap, Hep, n. The pole of a cart or wagon ; a prop
native citizen on; to receive or adopt as native, nat- for the front of a cart, etc.
ural, or vernacular; to accustom, habituate, accli- Neap, nep, a. Low scanty. :

mate.— v. i. To explain phenomena by natural Neapolitan, ne-a-poKl-tan, a. Of, or pert, to, the
agencies or laws. —
Nafurally, adv. According to city of Naples.
nature, or to the usual course of things; without art Near, ner, a. Not far distant; as, not distant in place,
or cultivation; spontaneously; without affectation. adjacent, neighboring; or, .not distant in time; or,
Natty, nat'tr, a. Neatly fine smart ; spruce. closely related; or, close to one's interests, affection,
Naught, Nought, nawt, n. Nothing.
;

adv. In no — etc.; intimate; dear; or, close to anything followed

degree, — a. Of no value or account; worthless ; or imitated or, on the left of a team : serving to
;

bad; vile; naughty. —

Naughfy, -I, a. [-iek, -iest] bring the objpet closer immediate direct par-
Orig. corrupt wicked mischievous perverse,
; ;
— simonious ; illiberal. adv. At a little distance —
; : :

said esp. of children. —

Naught'ily, -1-11, adv. In a
;

only, in place or time, manner or degree almost

— —
;

naughty manner; perversely; corruptly. Naughf- well-nigh nearly. v. t. [neaked (nerd), neap-
iness, n.
;

ing.] To approach, come nearer. v. i. To draw —

Nausea, naw'she-a, n. Seasickness; any similar sick- near, approach. prep. Adjacent to —
close by. ;

ness of the stomach, accompanied with a propen- Nearly, -It, adv. At no great distance ; closely ;
Em, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 NEAT 263 NEOG-ENE
intimately ; pressingly ; almost ; in a parsimonious nied or forbidden an opposite or contradictory term
;

manner. or conception; a word that denies; veto; the relation

Neat, net, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, ox- of denial or opposition. (Photog.) A picture upon
en, and cows. —
a. Belonging to the bovine genus, glass inwhich the lights and shadows aie reversed,
as,neat cattle also, pert, to such cattle. ; from which photographs, etc., may be printed.
Neat, net, a. Free from that which soils or disorders; V. t. [NEGATIVED (-tivd), -TIVING.J To dispiove;
clean; pleasing with simplicity; chaste; good in its to refuse to enact or sanction. Neglect', -lekf, —
kind; excellent; complete in character, skill, etc.; v. t. Not to treat with due attention; to suffer to
adroit; with all deductions made; net; tidy; trim; pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit;
spruce. —
Net, a. (Com.) Pure; unadulterated; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight,
clear of all charges, deductions, etc. v. t. To gain — overlook, disregard. n. —
Omission of proper atten-
or produce as clear profit. tion; state of being disregarded. Neglect'ful, -iul, —
Neb, neb, n. The nose; snout; mouth; the beak of a a. Full of neglect; heedless: careless: inattentive;
bird; the bill; nib (of a pen). treating with neglect or slight indicating indiffer- ;

Nebula, neb'u-la, n. ; pi. -lm, -le. (Astron.) misty A ence. —

Neg'ligence, -ll-jens, n. Quality of being
or cloud-like object in the distant heavens, often re- negligent; habitual neglect; a negligent act.— Neg'-
solvable by the telescope into distinct stars.— Neb'- ligent, a. Apt to neglect; customarily neglectiul;
nlous, -u-lus, a. Cloudy hazy. (Astron.) Pert, to, heedless remiss. —
Negligee, neglT-zha', n.
; An
—
;

or like, a nebula nebular. Nebulos'ity, -los'T-tT, easy, unceremonious attire a long necklace t usu-
;

—
;

n. State of being nebulous. (Astron.) The faint, ally of red coral. Negotiate, -shT-at, v. i. To
misty appearance surrounding certain stars. transact business to treat with another respecting
;

Necessary, nes'es-sa-rl, «. Such as must be; inevita- purchase and sale; to treat with respecting a treaty,
ble; indispensable; essential; acting from necessity league, etc.— v. t. To arrange for; to settle by deal-
or compulsion.— n. thing indispensable to some A ing and management; to sell, pass. Nego'tiable, —
purpose, —
chiefly in pi. ; a privy water-closet. ;
— a. Capable oi being negotiated: transierable by as-
Nece3'sity, -ses'si-tr, n. Quality of being, etc. signment or indorsement to another person.— Nego'-
pressing need; indigence; want; that which is neces- tia'tion, -shi-a'shun, «. Act of negotiating the ;

sary; a requisite, — chiefly in pi. ; irresistible force ; transacting of business in traffic mercantile busi- ;

overruling power; fate; fatality. (Metanh.) Denial ness trading; the transaction of business between
;

of freedom to voluntary action. Necessitate, — nations.— Nei'ther, ne'tJ ei or ni 'ft Si- (see Eitheh),
v. t. To make necessary or indispensable to force, pron. or provonival a. Not either not the one or
— —
;

—
;

compel. Necessitous, -sl-tus, a. "Very needy or the other, tonj. Not either. Neu'ter, nu'ter, a.
indigent narrow destitute.
; ; Neither the one thing nor the other: of neither side;
Neck, nek, h. The part of an animal's body connect- neutril: sexless. (C/iam.) Of neither gender; nei-
ing head and trunk; any part of an inanimate ob- ther male nor iemale neither active nor passive; ;

ject corresponding to a neck the long, slender part ; intransitive. (Hot.) Having neither stamens nor
of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd; esp., pistils, -n. A
person who takes no part in a con-
a narrow tract of land connecting- larger tracts. test a neutral ; the working bee, which is really
Necrology, ne-krol'o-ji, n. A register of deaths. — ;

an undeveloped female. (Bot.) A plant having

Nec'roman'cy, -si, n. Art of revealing future neither stamens nor pistils. Neu'tral, a. Not —
events by pretended communication with the dead ; engaged on either side neuter indiflerent nei- ; ; ;

conjuration; enchantment; the black art, q. v., un- ther very good nor bad; of medium quality. (Bot.)
der Black. Necrop'olis, n.— city of the dead ; A Having neither stamens nor pistils. n. person — A
cemetery graveyard. ; or nation that takes no part in a contest between
Nectar, nek'tar, n. (Mi/th. & Poet.) The drink of the others.— Neutrality, -traKI-ti, n. State of being
gods; the honey in certain flowers and plant glands; neutral indifieience a combination of neutral
—
;

—
;

a sweet, pleasant, or delicious beverage. Nec'tar- powers or states. Neutralize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd),
ine, -tar-in, n. (Bot.) A variety of peach, with a -izing.] To render neutral. (Chem.) To destioy
smooth rind. —
Nec'tary, -ta-ri, n. (Bot.) The the effect of, render inert. To destroy the peculiar
honey-gland of a flower. properties or opposite dispositions of.— Nev'er, adv.
Nee, na, p. p. Born, —
used to denote the family name Not ever; not at any time in no degree; not in the ;

of a woman before her marriage. least; not.— Nevertheless', adv. Not the less not- ;

Need, ned, n. A state that requires supply or relief; withstanding in spite of that however at least
; ; ;

urgent want; poverty; indigence; exigency; strait; yet.

extremity. v. t. —
To be in want of, lack- [With Negro, ne'gro, -gkoes, -gi5z. A black man;
n. ; pi.
another verb, nee'l is used like an auxiliary, and un- esp., one of a race having protruding lips and woolly
dergoes no change of termination in the 3d pers. hair, inhabiting a portion of tropical Africa. Ne'- —
sing, of the pres. tense.] v.i. To be wanted.be — gress, n. A blrckw<man; a iemale negro. Ne'- —
necessary.— Needs, a Iv. Of necessity; necessarily; groid, a. Characteristic of or resembling the negro.
indispensably. —
Need'y, -I, a. [-ieu, -iest.J Dis- — Nig'ger, n. A ncgio, — in contempt. Nigres''- —
tressed by want of the means of living; necessitous. cent, ni-gres'sent, a. Growing black changing to
— Need'le3S, a. Having no need in want of noth- ; a black color.
;

ing unnecessary; not requisite.

: Need'ful, -ful, a. — Negus, ne'gus, n. A beverage made of wine, water,-
Full of need needy; requisite. ; su>;ar, nutmeg, and lemon-juice.
Needle, ne'dl, n. A slender, pointed steel instrument Neigh, na, r. i. [neighed (n'ad), neighing.] To cry
with an eye, used in sewing; a knitting-needle: a as a horse: to whinny. n. The natural cry of a —
magnetized bar of steel, resting on a pivot, in a com- horse a whinnying.
;

pass, so as to turn freely toward the magnetic poles Neighbor, na'ber, n. One who lives near one; one en-
of the earth any slender pointed object a pointed
; ; titled to, or exhibiting, neighboily kindness: one of
crystal a sharp pinnacle of rock, etc r. i. To — the human race. —
a. Near to another; adjeining;
—
;

shoot into the form of needles. — Nee'dleful, -ful, next. v. t. [neighbored (-herd), -boring.] 1o
??..; pi. -fl'ls. As much thread as is put at once into adjoin, border on, be near to. Neighborhood, —
a needle. -hdfjd, n. Quality or condition of being a neighbor;
Ne'er, nar, adv. A contr. of never. Ne'er'-do-weel, — vicinity; adjoining disti ict a region whose inhabit- •

-wel, n. A good-for-nothing; one who will never do ants may he counted as neighbors; inhabitants liv-
good. ing in the vicinity of each other. Neigh/boring, a. —
Nefarious, ne-fa^rT-us, a. Wicked in the extreme ; Living or being near. —
Neigh/borly, -ler-ll a. Be- ,

atrociously villainous; detestable; infamous; impi- coming a neighbor kind social friendly culti- ; ; ; ;

ous. —
Nega'tion, n. Act of denying: denial state- : vating familiar intercourse.
ment of what a thing is not, or has not, etc. Neg'a- — Neither. See under Nefarious.
tive, -tiv, a. Implying or containing denial, nega- Neogene. ne'o-jen, n. (Geol.) A designation for the
tion, or refusal the opposite of affirmative or pos-
; miocene and' pliocene tertiary formations. Neol'- —
itive marked by absence of what is appropriate or
: ogy, -ol'o-jT, n. Introduction of a new word, or of
expected having the effect of stopping or restrain- new words, into a language; new doctrines, esp. in
—
;

ing. —
n. A
proposition by which something is de- theology. Neolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to neol-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 NEPHEW 264 NICHE
ogy employing new words.
; NeoKogisni, -jizm, n. — Nettle, neftl, n. plant covered with minute ska A
Introduction of new words or doctrines a new ; hairs containing a poison
word, expression, or doctrine. Ne'ophyte, -o-iit, — that produces a very
n. A new convert or proselyte ; a novice tyro.
; painful sensation. v. t. —
Nephew, nefu, Eng.pron. nev'u, n. A son of one's [nettled (-tld),
brother or sister. —
Nep'otism, -tizm, n. Fondness -TLIH6.] To fret or
for, or favoritism shown to, relations. sting, irritate or vex.
Nerve, nerv, n. Physical force or steadiness firm- ; — Net 'tie -rash, n,
ness of mind self-command
; courage. (Anat.) ; {Med.) An eruptive dis-
One of the fibers which establish communication ease resembling the ef-
between the parts of the body, and the brain and fects of whipping with a
spinal cord, or the central ganglia. {Hot.) One of nettle; urticaria.
the simple parallel veins or ribs of a leaf, etc. v. t. — Neuralgia, Neurotic, etc.
[NEKVED (nervd), nekving.] To give strength or See under Nehve.
vigor to. —
Nenrine, -In, a. {Med.) Quieting nerv- Neuter, Neutral, Never,
ous excitement, n. —
Nerve substance. {Med.) A etc. See under Nefari-
medicine which acts upon the nerves. Nerv'ous, — ous.
-us, a. Possessing nerve strong vigorous ; mani- ; ; New, nu, a. Having ex-
festing mental vigor pert, to, or seated in, the
; isted,or having been
nerves; full of nerves; having the nerves weak or made, but a short time;
diseased easily agitated.— Neural'gia, nu-raKji-a,
; of late origin; lately
n. {Med.) A disease, whose chief symptom is acute manifested recently in- ;
Nettle.
pain, which follows the course of a nervous branch, vented, discovered, or established as true ; strange;
extends to its ramifications, and seems to be seated startinganew recommencing not ancient mod-
in the nerve. —
Neural'gic -jik, a. Pert, to neural- ern not worn out or defaced by use
;

unaccus-
; ;

gia. —
Neuro'ma, -ma, n. {Pathol.) tumor on A
;

tomed unfamiliar fresh from anything novel.

;

a nerve. —
Neurop /'-
;

— NeWTy, -It, adv. Lately; freshly; recently; in a

; ;

ter, n. One of an manner not existing before with a new form. — ;

order of insects New'ness, ?;. State or quality of being new, or of

having 4 em m
b r a- being first known or introduced novelty innova- ; ;

n o u s, transparent tion recent change want of practice or familiar-

; ;

wings, as the drag- ity; different state or qualities introduced by change

on-fly. —
Neurop'- or regeneration. News, ntiz, n. [Plural in form, —
teral, a. Pert, to, but united with a verb in the sing.] Recent intel-
etc. — Neurot/ic, a. ligence fresh information
; tidings information ; ;

Relating to, seated of what has recently happened or of what was be-
in or useful in disor-
, fore unknown advice. News'mon/ger, n. One —
—
;

ders of, the nerves.

— n. A drug affect- who deals in news. News'paper, n. public print A
that circulates news, advertisements, etc.
ing primarily the Newel, nu'el, n. {Arch.) The upright post about
functions of intel- Neuropter. v liich the steps of a circular staircase wind; the post
lection, sensibility, at the angles and foot of a staircase.
Caddis-fly {Phryania).
motility,— Newt, nut, n. A small water lizard an eft. ;

Icohol, chloral, ether, digitalis, opium, etc.

aconite, alcohol, < lNc::t, nekst, a.; superl. of nigh. Nearest in place,
— Neurofomy, -o-ml, n. Art or practice of dissect- time, degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; ad-
ing the nerves an incised wound of a nerve.
; joining in a series. adv. At the time or turn near- —
Nest, nest, n. The receptacle prepared by a bird for est or immediately succeeding.
hatching and Nib, nib, n. Something small and pointed; a prong;
esp. the bill or beak of a bird, or point of a pen.
v. t. To furnish with a nib; to point; to cut off the
point of.— Nip'ple, -pi, n. The protuberance on the
breast of females from which milk is drawn a teat, ;

pap any small projection having a perforation, as

;

that part of a gun-lock on which the cap is placed.

Nibble, nib'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To eat
slowly or in small bits. v. i. To bite gently, or a lit- —
tle ata time.— n. A
little bite, or seizing as if to bite.
Nice, ins, a. Pleasing to the senses; esp. to the taste;
agreeable; gratifying; wrought by a skillful work-
man; produced by an acute or
fastidious mind; requiring to be
daintily touched, discussed, or
judged of; refined; showing
delicacy or refinement; distin-
guishing accurately or minute-
ly ; over scrupulous or exact
Nest of Thistle-bird, hard to please or satisfy scru- ;

snug, as a bird in her nest to move about in one's pulously and minutely cautious
—
;

seat, like a bird when forming her nest. v. t. To dainty; fine; precise; fastidious;
house, as in a nest; to cherish, as a bird her young. squeamish finical. Nic'ety, ;
—
— Nestling, nestling, n. A young bird in the nest, -e-tf, n. Quality of being nice ;

or just taken from the nest. daintiness, as, delicate manage-

Net, net, n. A texture of twine, etc., with open ment or, delicacy of percep-
;

meshes, arranged in various forms, for catching tion; a minute distinction pre- ;

fish, birds, or beasts anything fitted to entrap or cision or, excess of delicacy
;

—
; ;

deceive; a snare; any fahric of open texture, as one fastidiousness a delicacy, ~=\ ;

to inclose the hair. v. t. —

To make into a net, or used in pl._
net-work: to tike in a net. v. i. To form net- — Nicene, ni'sen or m-sen', a. Of,
work.— Net'ting, n. A piece of net-work. Nef- — or pert, to, Nice, in Asia Minor, r
_,

work, n. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires cross- where the Nicene creed, a sum-
ing each other at certain intervals, and secured at mary of Christian faith, was
the crossings.
Net, a. Unadulterate, clear of deduction.
composed.
Niche, nich, n. cavity or re-
A. D. 325.
A ^^
Neth'er, neth'er, a. Lying or being beneath, or in cess, generally within the thick- Niche.
the lower part lower";
—
Neth'ermost, a. Lowest. ness of a wall, for a statue, bust, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 NICK 265 NOBLE
Nick, nik, n. {Northern Myth.) An evil spirit of the ed by 19 : one of ; 19 equal parts
the next in order
waters hence Old Nick, thedevilr
;
after the 18th. — Nine'ty, Nine, times 10; one
-tT, a.
Nick, nik, n. A notch cut into something a score more than 89.— n. The sum
of 9 times 10 a symbol
for keeping an account a hit the exact point or ; ;
;

representing ninety units, as 90 or xc. Nine'tieth. — ;

critical moment, — v. t. [nicked (uikt), nicking.] -tT-eth, a. Next in order after the 89th; being one of
To cut in notches to make nicks in, notch; to suit
; 90 equal parts. —h. The quotient of a unit divided
or fit into, as one nick or notch into another; to hit by 90 one of 90 equal parts; the next in order after
;

to strike at the precise point or time to gain an ad- ; the 89th.

vantage over, cozen, defeat to hit with a telling ; Ninny, nin /'nT, n. A
fool ; simpleton ; dolt.
name or epithet. Nip, nip, v. t. [nipped (nipt) less properly nipt,
Nickel, nik'el, u. (Min.) A
hard grayish-white metal nipping.] To catch or inclose and compress tightly
of considerable luster, very malleable and ductile: between two surfaces or edges brought together; to
it is used in various alloys and in plating; in the U. pinch; to remove by pinching, biting, or cutting with
S., a coin (1, 2, or 5 cents) made partly of nickel. 2 meeting edges of anything; to blast, as by frost; to
Nick'nack. Same as Knickknack. destroy; to bite, vex. n. —
seizing or closing in A
Nickname, nik'nam, n. A name given in contempt, upon; a pinch with the nails or teeth; a small cut,
derision, or sportive familiarity, —v.t. [nicknamed or a cutting off the end; a blast; destruction by frost;
(-namd), -naming.] To give a name of reproach or a biting sarcasm taunt a sip
; (esp. of intoxicating
;

familiarity to. liquor).— Nip'per, n. One who

Nicotian, nT-ko'shan, a. Pert, to, or derived from or that which, etc.; a fore tooth ,

tobacco.— Nic'otin, -tine, -tin, n. An oily, limpid, of ahorse; a small draught; sip; '

and highly poisonous liquid alkaloid yielded by nip. pi. Small pincers for hold-
tobacco. in g, breaking, or cutting.
Niece, nes, n. A. daughter of one's brother or sister. (Naut.) A
number of yarns Kippers,
Niggard, nig'gard, n. One meanly close and covet- marled together, to secure a cable to the messenger.
ous; a miser. —
a. Meanly covetous; sordidly parsi- Nipple. See under Nib.
monious miserly. ;
—
Nig'gardly, -IT, a. Meanly Nisan, iii'san, n. The 1st month of the Jewish sacred
avaricious in dealing with others; cautiously avoid- year, answering to April, orig. called Abib.
ing profusion; penurious. Nisi, ni'si, conj. Unless if not. [L.] Nisi prius. —
Nigger. See under Negro. (Law.) Unless before, — ;

a phrase applied to terms

Nigh, ni, a. [nigher; highest or next.] Not dis- of court, held generally by a single judge, with a
tant in place or time; near; not remote in degree, jury, for the trial of civil causes.
kindred, circumstances, etc. closely allied adja- Nit, nit, n. The egg of a louse or other small insect.
—
; ;

cent contiguous; intimate.

; adv. In a situation Niter, -tre, ni'ter, n. (Chem.) white, crystalline A
near in place or time, or in the course of events; al- salt, nitrate of potassa, having a pungent, saline
most nearly, —prep. Near to not distant from. taste,— used in the manufacture of gunpowder, etc.;
;

Night, nit, n. The time from sunset to sunrise; dark-

;

saltpeter. —
Ni'trate, -trat, n. salt formed by the A—
ness; obscurity; ignorance; a state of affliction or union of nitric acid with a base. Nitrate of silver.
distress; adversity; death; the time of the absence A transparent crystalline substance obtained by dis-
of life from nature.— Nightly, -IT, a. Done by night solving silver in nitric acid: when fused it becomes
done every night. —
adv. By_night in the night; ; lunar caustic. —
Ni'tride, -trid, n. compound of A
every night.— Nightingale, -gal, n. A small migra- nitrogen with any other element or radical, as with
tory bird of Europe, Asia, and Africa, which sings phosphorus, silicon, or one of the metals. Ni'tric, —
sweetly at night; philomel. Night'mare, -mar, n. — a. Compounded of nitrogen and oxygen. See Ni-
A state of oppression during sleep, with horror, anx- trous. —
Nitric acid. A
powerful, corrosive acid,
iety, and a desire to call tor help, and a sense of containing 5 equivalents of oxygen and 1 of nitro-
pressure on the chest or stomach; incubus; any over- gen. — Ni'trous, -trus, -try, -trT, a. Compounded
whelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence. — of nitrogen with a smaller proportion of oxygen
Nighf-shade, n. (Lot.) low, branching, annual A than in a nitric compound; pert, to, containing, pro-
plant, of several species, having very small white ducing, or like, niter.— Nitrous oxide gas. gaseous A
flowers, and round berries, and poisonous properties. oxide of nitrogen, used as an anesthetic, esp. D3r
Nigrescent. See under Negro. dentists; laughing gas. —
Ni'trogen, -tro-jen, n. A
Nil, nil, n. Nothing, —
a term used in canceling, in gaseous element, without taste, odor, or color, form-
book-keeping, meaning to take no notice of that to ing nearly 4-5ths of common air, and incapable of
which it refers.— Ni'hilism, ni-'hil-izm, n. Nothing- supporting life azote. ;
—
Ni'tro-glyCerine, -glis'Sr-
ness nihility doctrine that nothing can be known.
; ; in, n. A
compound produced Dy the action of a
(Ross. Politics.) The socially destructive principles mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glyc-
maintained by the organization of Nihilists, who erine at low temperatures: it detonates when struck
disbelieve in any permanent improvement in the and explodes with great violence. The mixture of
social condition or progress of man, and who consti- nitro-glycerine with silicious earth produces dyna-
tute a secret revolutionary society, devoted to the mite or giant-powder ; with gunpowder, or with saw-
destruction of the present form of government. — dust and nitrate of sodium or barium, lithofracteur; -
Ni'hilist, n. An advocate of, etc.— Nihility, -hil'T- with gunpowder, Colonia powder ; with sawdust, or
tT, n. Nothingness; a state of being nothing. with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some
Nimble, nim'bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Light and quick other substances, dual in ; with wood fiber, lignose.
in motion agile briskj, prompt.
; ; No, no, adv. Nay, —
a word of denial or refusal; not.
Nincompoop, nin'kum-poop, Nin'kum, n. A silly — n. ; pi. Noes, noz. A
refusal by use of the word
fool; blockhead; simpleton. no; a denial: a negative vote one who votes in the
Nine, nin, a. One more than 8, or one less than 10. — negative.— No, a. Not any; not one; none.— None,
;

n. The sum of 5 and 4 a symbol representing nine ; nun, a. and pron. No one; not anything no not
units, as 9 or ix; the players on one side in a game any. —No'body, -bod-T, n. No person no one
; ;

—
; ;

of base ball, 9 in number.— The Nine. The 9 Muses: not anybody a person of no importance.
; Noth''-
see Muse.— Nine'fold, a. Nine times repeated.— ing, nutb/ing, n. Not anything no thing; non-ex- ;

Ninth, a. Following the 8th and preceding the 10th; istence nonentity
; nihility not anything of ac-
; ;

being one of 9 equal parts into which anything is count, value, note, etc. a trifle. adv. In no de-
—
;

divided. n. The quotient of a unit divided by gree; not at all.— Norway, -ways, -waz, adv. In no
9; one of 9 equal parts. (Mus.) An interval contain- manner or degree not at all nowise. No'where, —
ing an octave and a second a chord consisting of the ;
;

adv. Not anywhere not in any place or state.;

;

—
common chord, with the 8th advanced one note^— No'wise, adv. Not in any manner or degree.
Ninthly, adv. In the 9th place. Nine'teen, -ten, — Noble, no'bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Possessing emi-
a. Nine and ten. n. —
The sum of 10 and 9; a nence, elevation, dignity, etc. above whatever is low, ;

symbol representing nineteen units, as 19 or xix. mean, degrading, or dishonorable grand magnifi- ; ;

Nineteenth, a. Following the 18th and preceding cent splendid of exalted rank of aristocratic or
; ; ;

the 20th; being one of 19 equal parts into which any- patrician family; sublime; great; eminent; stately;
thing is divided. —
n. The quotient of a unit divid- magnanimous; liberal; free. n. nobleman; peer; — A
sun, cube, full ; moon, ftSot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 NOBODY 266 NONES
a money of account, and formerly, a gold coin, to things. — No menclat'ure, -kla'chur, n. A sys-
worth about $1.61. —
Nobil'ity. -bil'T-ti, n. The tem of technical mames in a particular branch of sci-
quality of being noble, as, dignity greatness ele- ; ; ence; terminology.
vation, superiority of mind and of quality or, no- ; Nonage, Nonagenarian, Nonagon, etc. See under
ble birth patrician dignity
;
distinction by rank, ; Nones.
station, and title the aristocratic or patrician class Nonage, non'Sj, n. The time of life before a person
—
;

—
;

the peerage. No'bleman, n. ; pi. -men. One of the becomes of age; minority. Non'-attend'ance, -ans,
nobility ; a noble peer. —
Nobless', -blesse', -hies',
; n. Failure to attend. — Nonchalance, nawN-sha-
n. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively. l&Ns', n. Indifference; carelessness; coolness.—
— Nob, n. A
slang contr. of nobleman a swell.— : Nonchalant, -UIn', a. Indifferent careless cool.
—
; ;

Nob'by, -bY, a. Stylish; modish; fashionable. Non-commis'sioned, -mish'und, a. Not having

Nobody. See under No. a commission. —Non-commissioned officer. An of-
Nocturn, nok'tern, n. An act of religious service by ficer of a rank below lieutenant; a warrant officer.
night one of the portions into which the Psalter
; — Non-commit'tal, n. A state of not being com-
was divided, designed to be used at such a night-ser- mitted or pledged to any course. Non- compli- —
vice. —Nocturne', -tern' «. {Painting.)
-

night- , A ance, -ans, n. Neglect or failure of compliance. —

piece, night-scene. (3Ius.) piece to be played as A Non corn'pos, N. c. men'tis. Lit., not of sound
a serenade. —
Noctur'nal, a. Pert, to, done, or oc- mind. — n. —
An idiot; lunatic. Non-conduct'or, n.
curring at night; seeking food at night. A substance which does not transmit or permit the
Nod, nod, v. i. To bend or incline the upper part, passage of a substance, fluid, or force, as neat, elec-
with a quick motion; to make a slight bow in assent tricity, etc., or which transmits it with difficulty.
or salutation ; to be drowsy. v. t. To incline or — — Non-conform'ist, n. One who does not conform
bend, as the head or top to make a motion of as- ; to an established church. —
Non-conformity, -T-tY,
sent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with to sig- ; n. Neglect of conformity; esp., in Eng., refusal to
nify by a nod. n. —bending forward of the A unite with the established church in its worship.
upper part or top; quick downward or forward mo- — Non con'stat. It is not clear, or does not ap-
tion of the head, in assent, salutation, drowsiness, pear. — Non-content', n. (British House of Lords.)
as a signal, etc. One who gives a negative vote. Non'descript, —
Noddle, nod'dl, n. The head, used jocosely or con- — -de-skript, o. Not hitherto described; novel; odd;
temptuously. abnormal ;irregular. n. —
A thing not yet de-
Node, nod, n. A knot; knob; liu, piutuuciauvC)
protuberance; a swell
BWCJU- StUUCU; something
scribed; WIIItLllll abnormal, or hardly classifiable.
—
'

ing, as of a bone, tendon, etc. (Astron.) -—^ j

Nonen'tity, -tT-tt,
-tt n. Non-existence; negation of
One of the points where 2 great celes- ( \ not existing; a person of no account;
being; u thing no!
—
!

tial circles intersect each other, or the \

\ I J a nobody. Non- essen'tial, -shal, a. Not essential,
— —
'

ets that of its \^_^>C^y

orbit of a satellite intersect; n. A thing w which, etc. Non est inven'tuu.
primary. (Bot.) The joint of a stem Lit., he is not found. (Law.) The return of a
(Geom.) The oval figure, or knot,
Node. sheriff on a writ, when the defendant is not found
formed by the folding of a curve upon itself. — in his county. — Non-exist'ence, n. Absence of ex-
Nod'al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.— Nodose'', no-dos', istence nonentity a thing that has no being. —
a. Having knots or swelling joints ; knotted. — ;

Non - exist'ent, a.
;

Not having existence. — Non-

Nod'ule, nod'ul, n. A rounded mass of irregular observ'ance, n. Neglect or failure to observe or
shape; a little knot or lump. iulfill.— Nonpareil', -pa-rel', n. Something of un-
Nog, nog, n. A
little pot; noggin; a kind of strong ale; equaled excellence; a sort of apple; a small sugar-
a wooden pin or treenail; a timber brick. Nog'gin, — plum; a kind of narrow ribbon; a brilliantly col-
n. A small mug or wooden cup a measure I gill. ; = ored singing bird, of the finch family; a printing
— Nog'ging, n. A
partition of scantlings filled with type, in size between ruby and emerald.
bricks.
(jgg^ This line is printed in nonpareil type.
Noise, noiz, n. Sound of any kind; esp.,- over-loud,
empty, confused, or senseless sound; loud or contin- — a. Having no equal; peerless. - Non'plus, n. In-
uous talk; discussion; stir; outcry; clamor; din; up- superable difficulty state of embarrassment
: in- ;

roar. — v. i. [noised (noizd), noising.] To sound ability to say, do, or decide; puzzle. v. t. [non- —
loud.— v. t. To spread by rumor or report; to disturb plused (-plust), -pi.using.] To puzzle, confound,
with noise. —
Nois'y, -T, a. [-iek, -iest.] Making put to a stand.— Non pros. (Law.) judgment A
a noise, clamor, etc. entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he
Noisome, noi'sum, a. Injurious to health unwhole- ; does not appear to prosecute. —
Non'-pros, v. t.
some unsalubrious destructive offensive to the
; ; ; [-pkosskd (-prost), -prossing.] To fail to prosecute.
smell or other senses disgusting fetid noxious.
; ; ; — Non-res'idence, n. Failure or neglect of residing
Nolle prosequi, nol'le-pros'e-kwi. (Law.) A phrase at the place where one is stationed. —
Non-res 'ident,
denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own
attorney for the public a prosecution. estate, or in one's proper place. n. —
One who does
Nomad, -ade. nom'ad, w. One of a tribe that has no not reside in, or is not a resident of, a particular
fixed location, but wanders from place to place in place, — applied esp., in Eng.. to clergymen who live
search of game or pasture. Nome, nom, n. A prov- — away from their cures; absentee. Non-resist'ance, —
ince or political division, esp. of modern Greece or n. The principles or practice of a non-resistant
of ancient Egypt. —
Nom'archy, n5m'ar-kT, n. A passive obedience. —Non-resist'ant, a. Making no
nome; a province of modern Greece.— Nomad'ic, a. resistance to power, oppression, or violence. n. —
Pert, to, or like, etc. ; wandering. One who maintains that no resistance should be
Nome. See under Nomad. made to constituted authority, even when unjustly
Nominal, nom'Y-nal, a. Pert, to a name or term; ver- or oppressively exercised; one who holds that wrong
bal; existing in name only: not real or substantial. or violence should not be resisted by force. Non'- —
— Nominalism, -izm, n. The principles of nomi- sense, n. That which is not intelligible, is not sense,
nalists. — Nominalist, n. (Metaph.) One of a sect or has no meaning; trifles; things of no importance.
—
.

of philosophers in the middle ages, who held that !

Nonsens'ical, a. Unmeaning; absurd; foolish.—
general conceptions, or universals, exist in name Non seq'uitur, -sek'wt-ter. Lit., it does not fol-
only. —
Nominally, adv. By name, or in name;
(

low. (Logic.) An inference which does not follow

only. —
Nominate, -nat, v. t. To mention by name; j
—
from the premises. Non'suit, -sut, n. (Low.) A
to name; to appoint; to propose by name, or offer judgment against a plaintiff who is unable to prove
the name of, as a candidate for office. Nomina'- — j

i or does not follow up his case. —

v. t. To adjudge or
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; power of record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his siiit, upon
nominating. —
Nom'inative, -tiv, a. Naming; des- his withdrawal or failure to follow it up.
ignating,— said of a case of a noun.— n. (Gram.)
j

Nonce, nons, n. The present occasion or purpose —

The simple form (or case) of a noun which may be
;

in the phrase for the nonce.

the subject of a verb. Nom'inee', -ne', n. One — |

! None. See under No.

proposed for an office: one nominated for election Nones, nonz, n. pi. (Roman Calendar.) The 7th day
to office. —
No'mencla'tor, n. One who gives names of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term; in, Ice; Qdd, tone, 6r;
 NON-ESSENTIAL 267 NOTHING
other months, —
being the 9th day before the ides. — Norwe'gian, -we'jan, a. Of, or pert, to, Norway.
(Rom. Cath. Ch.) A season of prayer, orig. observed — n. A native or inhabitant of, etc.— Norse, a. Of,
at the 9th hour =
3 p. m., afterwards changed tomid- or pert, to, ancient Scandinavia, —n. The language
day, whence noon, q. v. Non'age, nOn'aj, n. — of, etc. — Norseman, n. pi. -men. An inhabitant /
(Eccl.) A payment formerly made to the clergy of of ancient Scandinavia a Northman. — Nor'roy, n. ;

the l-9th part of the movable goods of persons (Her.) The 3d of the 3 Eng. kings at arms, or provin-
dying in their parishes. Non'agena'rian, -je-na r -
-*- cial heralds: his jurisdiction is N. of the Trent.
rT-an, n. One who is 90 years old. Non'agon, n. — Nose, n5z, n. The prominent part of the face, which is
(Math.) A polygon having 9 sides and 9 angles. — the organ of smell; power of smelling; scent; a pro-
Nonilrion, -yun, n. By the common, or French, jecting end or vent; a snout; nozzle, —v. t. [nosed
notation, a thousand octillions, or 1 with 30 ciphers (nozd), nosing.] To smell, scent; hence, to track; to
annexed by Eng. notation, a million octillions, or
; oppose to the face, affront. v. i. To smell; to carry —
1 with 54 ciphers annexed. —
Nov'enary, -e-na-ri, a. the nose high, strut to pry officiously into what
Pert, to the number 9. —
Noven'nial, -nl-al, a. Done does not concern one.
;

—
Nos'tril, nSs'tril, n. One
every 9th year. —
November, n. The 11th month of of the 2 channels through the nose which give pas-
the year, —
the 9th of the Roman year. sage to the air we breathe, and to the secretions of
Non-essential, NonpareD, Nonsuit, etc. See under the nose.— Noz'zle, -zl, n. The nose; snout; pro-
Nonage. jecting vent of any thing, Nuz'zle, v. i. [-zled —
Noodle, ndo'dl, n. A simpleton blockhead. ; (-zld), -zling.] To work with the nose, like swine
Noodle, noo'dl, n. A thin strip of dough, made with in the mud; to go with the nose thrust out and
eggs, rolled, cut in small pieces, and used in soup. down, like swine; to hide the head, as a child in
Nook, n<56k or nook, n. A
corner; recess; secluded re- the mother's bosom to nestle. v. t.
; To nestle; to —
treat. house, as in a nest.
_
Noon, noon, The middle of the day; midday; 12
n. Nostalgia, nos-taKjY-a, n. Melancholy resulting from
o'clock; the time of greatest brilliancy; culminating absence from one's home homesickness. ;

point. —
a. Pert, to midday; meridional. Nostrum, nos'trum, n. A
quack or patent medicine.
Noose, nooz or noos, n. A
running knot, which binds Not, not, adv. A
word that expresses negation, denial,
the closer the more it is drawn. v. t. [noosed — or refusal.
(noozt or noost), noosing.] To tie or catch in a Notable, Notary, etc. See under Note.
noose, insnare. Notch, noch, n. A
nick indentation ; a hollow cut
;

Nor, n6r, eonj. A negative connective or particle, in- in anything a deep, close pass or defile.
; v. t. —
troducing the 2d member or clause of a negative [notched (nocht), notching.] To cut in small
proposition, following neither, or not, in the first hollows to place in a notch.
;

neither and not. Note, not, n. A

mark or token; visible sign; symbol;
;

Noria no'rT-a, n. A Persian wheel, a water wheel — a sign to call attention, to point out something to
used in Spain, etc., for irrigating notice, etc. ; a memorandum minute a brief re- ; ;

land, which is turned by the ac- mark; annotation; comment, esp. at the side or foot
tion of a stream against its floats, of a page; a short letter; billet; a diplomatic paper;
and raises water in pendent buck- a paper acknowh dging a debt, and promising pay-
ets to a trough at top. ment; observation: notice; reputation; distinction.
Norm, n6rm, n. A rule or authorita- pi. Awriting to be spoken from, being a synopsis
tive standard model type. ; ;
— or full text of what is to be said. (Mus.) A character
Nor'mal, a. According to an es- to indicate the length of a tone; a musical sound; a
tablished norm, rule, or princi- tone. — v. t. To notice with care; observe, remark,
ple; conformed to a type or reg- heed; to record in writing; to denote, stand for, des-
ular form; ordinary; analogical. ignate. —
Not'able, a. Noticeable; evident; worthy
— n. A perpendicular. (Geom.) of notice; remarkable; noted or distinguished, n. —
A straight line perpendicular to A person, or thing, of note or distinction. Not'- —
the tangent of a curve at a n y abiPity, n. Quality of being notable a remark- ;

point, and included between the able person or thing.— No'tary, -ta-rT, n. A pub-
curve and the axis of the abscis- lic officer who attests deeds and other writings, cer-
sas. — Normal school. A
school whose methods of tifies copies of documents, receives affidavits, pro-
instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; tests bills of exchange, etc., generally called a —
an institution for the education of teachers. notary public. —
Nota'tion, n. Act, practice, or
Norman, Norroy, Norse. See under North. method, of recording anything by marks, figures,
North, north, n. The direction opposite to the south. or characters; esp., in arithmetic, and algebra, the
—a. Lying toward, or situated at the N. v. i. — expressing of numbers and quantities by figures
To turn or move toward the N. North-east', n. — or signs the system of signs and characters so em-
—
;

The point between the N. and E., at an equal dis- ployed. No'tice, -tis, n. Act of noting, remark-
tance from each. a. —
Pert, to, or proceeding from ing, or observing; cognizance; intelligence; knowl-
the N. E. —
North-easferly, a. Toward, or coming edge given or received intimation warning a
; ;

—
;

from, etc. North-east'ern, a. Pert, to, being in, writing containing formal, customary information;
or in a direction to, the N. E. North-north-east, — a critical review or lemarks; respectful treatment;
"

North-west, etc. See Compass. North'er. north'- — attention; heed: advice: news. ?;, t. [noticed —
er, n. Awind or gale, from the N. Nortb/erly, — (-tist), noticing.] To take note of, pay attention
-er-lT, a. Being toward the N.; northern; from the to ; to take public note of, remark upon, make
N. — adv. Toward the N.; in a northern direction; observations on to treat with attention and civil-
:

proceeding from a northern point.— Nor'therliness, ities. — No'ticeable, a. Capable of being observed;
71. — Nortn'ern, a. Being in, near to, or in a direc- worthy of observation likely to attract observa- ;

tion toward, the N. —-Northerner, n. A native or tion. — No'tifica'tion, n. Act of notifying, giving
resident in the N. —
Northernmost, a. Situated at notice, or making known; notice given in words,
the point furthest N.— North'ing, n. (Surv. & Nav.) wiiting, or signs; the writing which communicates
Distance northward from any point of departure, information: an advertisement, citation, etc. — No'-
measured on a meridian. (Astron.) The distance tify, v.t. [-FIEU (-ild), -eying.] To make known,
of any heavenly body from the equator northward. declare, publish; to give notice to No'tion, n. —
— North'most, a. Northernmost. — North'ward, a. Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or
Being toward the N., or nearer to it than the E. and imagined idea conception
: ; judgment opinion ; ;

W. points. — North'ward, -wards, adv. Toward the

;

small article; trifling thing,

belief: a chiefly in pi. —
N., or toward a point nearer to the N. than the E. — No'tional, a. Consisting of, or conveying, no-
and W. points. — North'wardly, a. Having a north- tions or ideas existing in idea only
; visionary;
adv. In a northern direction. —
;

ern direction. — imaginary; given to foolish or visionary expecta-

North'man, n. ; pi. -men. One of the inhabitants of tions whimsical fanciful. — Notorious, -rT-us, a.
the N. of Europe the ancient Scandinavians.
;
— ; ;

Generally known and talked of by the public; usu-

Nor'man, n. A native or inhabitant of Normandy. ally,known to disadvantage conspicuous. ;

— a. Pertaining to Normandy, or to the Normans. Nothing, etc. See under No.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair,
 NOTWITHSTANDING 268 NUPTIAL
Notwithstanding, not-with-stand'ing, prep. Without Nugget, nug'get, A lump; mass, esp. of a precious
n.
opposition, prevention, or obstruction from; in spite metal.
of; despite. —
adv. or conj. This not obstructing or Nuisance, nu'sans, n. That which annoys or gives
preventing nevertheless however.
; ; trouble and vexation. (Law.) Something that pro-
Nought, nawt, 7i. Same as Naught, duces inconvenience and damage.
Noun, nown, n. (Gram.) A word used as the desig- Null, nul, a. Of no legal or binding force or validity:
nation of a creature or thing, etc.; a name; a sub- invalid; void; nugatory; of no significance. Nul- —
lifica'tion, n. Act of nullifying; a rendering void
'

stantive.
Nourish, ner'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] To and of no effect, or of no legal effect; esp. a refusal,
feed and cause to grow; to furnish with nutriment; bv a State, to permit the enforcement within its bor-
to supply the means of support and increase to; to ders of a (J. S. law. —
Nul'lify, -H-fi, v.'t. [-fied
encourage; to comfort; to educate, instruct; to nur- (-lid), -fyixg.] To make void, render invalid, de-
ture, cherish, feed, provide, supply.— v. i. To pro- prive of legal force or efficacy, abolish, abrogate, re-
mote growth. — Nourishment, n. Act of, or state voke, annul, repeal. —
Nul'lity, -li-tT, re. Condition
of being, etc.; nutrition; that which nourishes, re- or quality of being null or void; nothingness; any-
pairs waste, or promotes growth; food; sustenance. thing void or of no efficacy.
— Nurse, ners, n. One who takes care of a child or Numb, num, a. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the
the sick; esp., one who suckles an infant not her power of sensation and motion; torpid; paralyzed;
own; one who, or that which, brings up. rears, chill; motionless. v. t.— [numbed (numd), numb-
causes to grow, trains, etc.— v. t. [nursed (nerst), ing.] To make torpid, deprive of the power of sen-
nursing.] To nourish, cherish, foster; to nourish sation or motion, benumb.
at the breast, suckle to tend (a sick person)
; to ; Number, num'ber, re. A
single unit, considered as
bring up, raise, by care, from a weak or invalid part of a series, or 2 or more of such units; a collec-
condition. —
Nurs^ery, -Sr-T, n. Act of nursing; tion of many individuals; a multitude; numerous-
the apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care ness; quantity regarded as made up by an aggregate
of children a plantation of young trees
; place ;
J

of separate thiAgs; that which is regulated by count,

where anything is fostered and growth promoted; as divisions of time or number of syllables poetry,
that which forms and educates. Nurs'eryman', — verse. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one,
;

n.; pi. -men. One who has charge of a nursery, or more than one, expressed by a difference of the
— Nurseling, n. One who, or that which, is nursed;
j

form of a word, —
singular or plural. (Math.) Nu-
merical value. See Phrenology.— v. t. [numbered
j

an infant.— Nurt'ure, ner'.chur, re. Act of nour-

ishing or nursing; education; training; discipline; (-berd), -Bering.] To reckon, ascertain the units of;
instruction; that which nourishes; food; diet. v. — to give or assign the number of; to reckon as one of
t. [nurtured (-churd), -Turing.] To feed to ; a collection or multitude, enumerate, calculate, tell;
bring ortra'nup; to 'nourish, cherish, tend. Nu'- — to amount to, consist of. —
Num'bers, re. The 4th
triment, -trt ment, re. That which nourishes; food; —
book of the Pentateuch containing the enumera-
aliment; that which promotes enlargement or iin- tion of the Hebrews. —
Numberless, a. Not admit-
— —
i

provement. Nu'trient, -tri-ent, n. substance A ting of being counted; innumerable. Nu'merable,

which, etc.— Nutrition, -trish'un, re. Act or pro- -mer-a-bl, a. —Nu'meral, a. Pert, to, or consisting
cess of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of, number; expressing or representing number.—
of animal or vegetable life; nutriment. Nutri- — n. A figure or character used to express a number.
tious, -trish'us, a. Nourishing. Nu'tritive, -trl- — '

( Gram.) A word expressing number.— Nu'merate,

tiv, a. Nutrimental. v. t. (Arith.) To divide off and read according to the
Novel, nov'el, a. Of recent origin or introduction; of a rules of numeration. —
Numeration, n. Act or art
kind not before known; unusual: strange; new.— n.
j

of numbering. (Arith.) Act or art of reading or

A fictitious narrative, intended to exhibit the opera- writing numbers, esp. as expressed by the Arabic
tion of the passions, esp. of love. (Law.) A new or method. [Two systems of numeration arenow in
supplemental constitution. Nov'elette -ef, n. — , A use, the English and the French: in the Eng. the
small novel. —
Nov'elist, n. writer of novels. A billion is a million of millions, a trillion a million of
Nov'elty, -el-tT, n. Quality of being novel new- billions, and each denomination is a million times
—
;

ness; a new or strange thing. Nov'ice, -is, re. One the one preceding; in the F. (which is used in the
new in any business a beginner one newly re-
; ; U. S.), the billion is a thousand millions, and each
ceived into the church. (Eccl.) One who has en- denomination is a thousand times the preceding.]
tered a convent, nunnery, etc^, but has not taken — Nu'mera'tor, re. One who numbers. (Arith.) The
the vow.— Novi'tiate, -visli'I-at, re. State or condi- term in a fraction which indicates the number of
Hon of being, etc.; time of probation in a religious j
fractional units that are taken; in a vulgar fraction
house before taking the vows; a probationer, nov- the number above the line: in decimal fractions, the
ice; place where novices live or are trained. number next following the decimal point, the de-
November, Novenary, Novennial, etc. See under | nominator not being written: see Fraction. Nu- —
Nones. meric, -ical, -m?r / ik-al, a. Belonging to, or de-
Novice, Novitiate. See under Novel. noting, number; expressed by numbers; the same in
Now, now, adv. At the present time; at this moment; —
number; hence, identical. Numerous, -mer-us, a.
in present circumstances things being as they are.
; Being many; consisting of a great number of indi-
Noway, Nowhere, Nowise. See under No. viduals; consisting of poetic numbers; rhythmical;
Noxious, nok'shus, a. Productive of injury or evil musical.
consequences; corrupting to morals; noisome; per- Numismatic, nu-miz-mafik, -ical, a. Pert, to coins
nicious; baneful; unwholesome; hurtful. or medals. — Numismatics, re. Science of coins and
Nozzle. See under Nose. medals. — Numis matol'ogy, -toKo-ji, n. Science of
Nubia, nu'bT-a, re. A network of wool worn as a head- '

coins and medals, in their relation to history nu- ;

dress by ladies; a cloud. mismatics. —

Nurn'mary, -ma-ri, -mular, -mulary,
Nucleus, nu'kle-us, n. ; E. pi. -cletjses, L. pi. -clei. I -mu-la-ri, a. Pert, to coin or money; pecuniary.
A kernel ; a central mass or point about which Nun, nun, re. A
woman devoted to a religious life,
matter is gathered, —
both literally and figuratively. who lives in a cloister or nunnery under a vow of
(Astron.) The body or head of a comet.— Nu'cleate, perpetual chastity and seclusion from the world; a
-kle-at_, v. t. To gather, as about a nucleus. kind of small pigeon. —Nun' nery, -ner-i, re. clois- A
Nude, nud, a. Bare; naked; uncovered. (Law.) With- ter or house in which nuns reside.
out consideration. —
Nu'dity, -dT-tT, re. Quality oi
or Nuncio, nun'shT-o, re. A
messenger; an embassador
condition of being nude; nakedness; that which is from the pope to an_emperor or king.
naked; undraped or unclothed portion. Nuncupate, nun'ku-pat, v. t. To dedicate by declara-
Nudge, nuj, v. t. [nudged (nujd), nudging.] To tion; to inscribe; to declare orally (a will, etc.) —
touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call at- Nuncupative, nun-ku'- or nun'ku-pa'tiv, -tory, -to-
tention or convey intimation. n. A significant — rY, a. Publicly or solemnly declaratory; nominal;
push. existing only in name; oral; not written.
Nugatory, nu'ga-to-ri, a. Trifling; vain; futile; in- Nunnery. See under Nun.
significant ; inoperative ; ineffectual. Nuptial, nup'shal, a. Pert, to marriage done at a ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, ice ; 5dd, tone, or j
 NURSE 269 OBLIGATE
wedding constituting marriage. w. Marring — Nuzzle. See under Nose.
—
;
.

wedding, now always in pi. Nylghau, niKgaw, n. A large, short-

Nurse, Nursery, Nurture, etc. See under Nourish. horned antelope, found in N. India:
Nut, nut, n. Fruit consisting of a hard shell
1CU inclosing
""-' Uiuu b the males are of a slaty blue.
a kernel; a small block containing a fe- Nymph, nimf, n. (Myth.) A goddess of
male screw, used for retaining or tight the mountains, for-
ening a bolt, etc.: see Bolt.— v. t. To ests, meadows, or wa-
gather nuts. — Nuf meg, n. The kernel ters. A lovely young
of the fruit of a tree, a native of the N t girl ; a maiden. —
Molucca islands, but cultivated in the Nymph, Nymph'a, -a,
it is aromatic, and is used in cookery.
E. Indies: n. An insect in the
Nutria, nu'trt-a, n. (Com.) The fur of the coypu, a pupa state; 'a chrys-
rodent quadruped resembling the beaver, found in alis.— Nymph'al,
Brazil, etc. Nymphe'an, a. Pert,
Nutrient, Nutriment. Nutrition, etc. See under Nour- to,app r o p r a t e to,
i

ish. or inhabited by,

Nux vomica, nuks-vom'T-ka, n. A deadly poison, used nymphs.— Nymph'-
in medicine, from which strichnine is made the seed ; oma'nia, -ma'nT-a, n,
Nylghau.
of a tree of the E. Indies, yielding strychnine and Morbid and uncon-
mix vomica. trollable sexual desire in women

O.
0, o, the 15th letter in the Eng. alphabet, has several ent, a. Subject in will or act to authority; willing
different sounds, as heard in odd, tone, or, other, to obey; dutiful respectful; subservient; submis-
;

do, wolf, actor; when doubled, it has the 2 sounds sive; obsequious.— Obe'dience, -ens, n. State of be-
heard in moon and. foot; see key -line at foot of pages. ing, etc. —
Obei'sance, -ba'sans, n. token of obe- A
0, interj. An exclamation used in calling or directly dience or respect; a bow; courtesy. Obei'sant, a. —
addressing a person or personified object, also as ex- Showing willingness to obey; reverent; submissive.
pressive of pain, grief, surprise, desire, etc. Obfuscate, ob-fus'kat, v. t. To darken; obscure, be-
Oaf, of, n. Achangeling; a foolish child left by fair- wilder, confuse.
ies in the place of another; a dolt; blockhead. Obit, o'bit or ob r it, n. Death decease funeral so-
; ;

Oak, ok, n. Avaluable tree of many species; its wood. lemnities; anniversary of a person's death; an anni-
Oakum, ok'um, n. Old ropes untwisted and pulled versary service for the soul of the deceased on the
into loose hemp, used for calking seams of ships, day of his death.— Obif uary, -u-a-ri, a. Relating
stopping leaks, etc. to the decease of a person, —n. A
biographical no-,
Oar, or, n. An instrument for rowing boats. — 1>. i. & tice of one lately deceased.
/. [oared (ord), oaring.] To row. Object, ob'jekt, n. That with which the mind is oc-
Oasis, o'a- or o-a'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. fertile A cupied in the act of knowing; any visible or tangible
place in a sandy or barren desert. thing; that which is sought or labored for or aimed
Oat, ot, n. ; chiefly in pi. A
grassy plant, and its seed. at; end; aim; motive; final cause. (Gram.) That
—Oaf en, -n, a. Consisting of toward which an activity is considered to be directed.
oat straw; made of oat-meal.— — Objecf , v. t. To set before, bring into opposition;
Oaf-cake, n. A
cake made of to present or offer in opposition, as a criminal
the meal of oats. meal, n. charge, or as a reason adverse to something supposed
Meal made of oats. to be wrong. —
v. i. To make opposition in words or
Oath, oth, n. A solemn affirma- argument. — Objec'tion, n. x\ct of objecting; that
tion, with an appeal to God for presented in opposition adverse reason or argu-
—
;

its truth; a blasphemous use of ment; exception; doubt; scruple. Objec'tionable,

the name of the divine Being, a. Justly liable to objections. —Objecf ive, -iv, a.
or anything divine or sacred. Pert, to an object. (Metaph.) Pert, to, contained
Obdurate, olrdu-rat, a. Ren- in, or being in the nature or position of, the object
dered hard harsh rugged
; ; ;
outward; external; extrinsic, —
opp. to subjective.
;

rough; hardened in feelings, (Oram.) Pert, to, or designating, the case which
esp. against moral influences; Oats. follows a transitive verb or a preposition. w. —
stubbornly and unfeelingly (Gram.) The objective case. The object-glass of a
wicked; firm; unbending; unyielding; impenitent; microscope. (Mil.) The objective point. Objective —
callous.— Ob'durateness, -racy, -ra-sT, n. Inflexible point. (Mil.) A
point to which the operations of an
persistence in sin; stubbornness. army are directed.
Obedience, Obeisance, etc. See under Obey. Objuration, ob-ju-ra'shun, ??. A
binding by oath.
Obelisk, ob'e-lisk, n. A
4-sided pillar, tapering as it Objurgate, ob'j'er-gat, v. t. To chide reprove; repre-
—
;

rises, and cut off at the top in hend. Objur'gatory, -ga-to-ri, a. Designed to
the form of a flat pvramid. chide; culpatory.
(Print.) A
mark [thus, t], Oblate, ob-laf, a. (Geom.) Flattened or depressed
called also a dagger, used as at the poles. —
Obla'tion, n. Anything offered in
a reference to notes at the worship or sacred service; an offering; sacrifice.
bottom of a page, as a note of Obligate, oblT-gat, v. t. To bring under obligation ;
censure, or to indicate that to bind (one's self) to any act of duty, etc., by a
an expression is obsolete. pledge. —
Obligation, n. Act of obligating or bind-
Obese, o-bes', a. Excessively ing; "that which obligates; the binding power of a
corpulent; fat; fleshy. promise, oath, or contract, or of law, civil, political,
Obey, o-ba', v. t. [obeyed or moral, independent of a promise any act by ;

(-bad), -keying.] To yield which a person becomes bound to do something to

submission to, comply with or for another, or to forbear something; state of be-
the orders of, submit to- the ing indebted for an act of favor or kindness. (Law.)
government of to yield to; A bond with a condition annexed. — Ob'ligatory,
the impulse, power, or opera- -li-ga-to-rf, o. Binding in law or conscience; impos-
tion of. — Obe'dient, -be'dY- Obelisk
/r
ing duty.— Oblige'', o-blij', v. t. [obliged (-blijd ),

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or irjk, then. boNboN, chair, get.
 OBLIQUE 270 OCCUPY
obliging.] To
constrain by physical, moral, or le- Obstacle, ob'sta-kl, n. Anything that hinders prog-
gal force; to bind by some favor rendered; to do a ress; obstruction; impediment; difficulty.
favor to, gratify, accommodate. Obli'ging. a. — Obstetric, ob-stet'rik, -rical. a. Pert, to midwifery,
Having the disposition to oblige or do favors; com- or the delivery of women in childbed.— Obstet'rics,
plaisant; courteous; kind. n. Science of midwifery.
Oblique, ob-lek' or ob-lIk', a. Not erect or perpendicu- Obstinate, ob'stl-nat, a. "Pertinaciously adhering to
lar; slanting; inclined not straight forward indi-
: ; an opinion or purpose ; not easily subdued or re-
feet underhand not direct in descent collateral. ; moved; stubborn inflexible; firm; resolute; opin-
—
; ;
;

v. i. [obliqued (ob-lekf or ob-likt') obliqu- ; ionated; refractory; perverse. Ob'stinacy, -m.-sl, —

ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular line. {Mil.) n. Unyielding fixedness in opinion or resolution:
To move forward, either to the right or left, by pertinacity; persistency; contumacy.
stepping sidewise. —
Oblique case, (dram.) Any Obstreperous, ob-strep'er-us, a. Attended by, ormak-
case except the nominative.— Obliq'uity, -lik'wi-tl, ing a tumultuous noise; loud; clamorous.
ji. Condition of being oblique: deviation from a Obstruct, ob-strukf, v. t. To block up, stop up or
right line, or from moral rectitude: irregularity. close (a way or passage); to hinder from passing; to
Obliterate, ob-lit'er-at, ». t. To erase or blot out ef- ; render slow to bar, stop, check, clog, choke, im-
—
\
;

face; to destroy by time or other means. pede, oppose. Obstruction, n. Act of v state of be-
Oblivion, ob-liv'I-un. n. Act of forgetting, or state ing, or that which, etc.— Obstructive, -iv, a. Tend-
of being forgotten forgetfulness an amnesty, or
; ; ing _to obstruct; causing impediment.— Ob'struent,
general pardon of crimes and offenses. Oblivious, — -stroo-ent, a. Blocking up; hindering.— n. Anything
-T-us, a. Causing for<retfulness: forgetful. that obstructs or closes a passage, esp. one of the
Oblong, oblong, a. Having greater length than natural passages in the body.
breadth. n. —
A rectangular or other figure which Obtain, ob-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'). -taining.] To
is longer than it is broad. get hold of by effort, gain possession of, acquire :

Obloquy. oblo-kwT, ?i. Censorious speech: reproach- to attain, procure, win, earn. v. i. To have a firm —
ful language odium; censure contumely calum-
; ; ; footing; to become prevalent or general.
ny; detraction. Obtest, ob-tesf, v. t. To call to witness to beseech, ;

Obnoxious, ob-nok'shus. a. Liable to censure; repre- supplicate.

hensible blameworthy offensive hateful ex- Obtrude, ob-tro5d /\ v. t. To thrust in or upon to
;

posed; subject; answerable.

; ; ; I

offer with unreasonable importunity; to intrude.

;

—
Oboe, o'bo-e, n. A portable wind instrument of music v. i. To enter without right; to make an officious or
sounded by means of a reed; a hautboy.
;

importunate offer. —
Obtru'sion, -zhun, n. Act of,
Obovate, ob-o'vat, a. {Bot.) Inversely ovate; ovate etc.— Obtru'sive, -siv, a. Disposed to obtrude; in-
with the narrow end downward. clined to thrust one's self among others.
Obscene, ob-sen', a. Expressing or pre Obtund, ob-tund', v. t. To dull, blunt, deaden. Ob- —
senting to the mind or view some- tuse'', -tus'', a. Not pointed or acute, applied to an-
thing which delicacy, purity, and de- gles greater than a right angle not having acute ;

cency forbid to be expressed or ex- sensibility; dull; not sharp or shrill; .4 j)

—
i
/,
posed immodest unchaste lewd obscure. Obtuse -an / gled, a. Hav-
;

foul; offensive; disgusting inauspi-

;

;
; ; (

ing an obtuse angle: see Triangle. —

cious; ill-omened. Obscene'ness, — Obtuse'ness. n.— Obtu'sion, -zhun, n.
Obscenity, -sen'I-tT, n. Quality of be- Act of making obtuse or blunt; state % c
ing,etc; ribaldry; impurity; lewdness. of being dulled or blunted. ABC, obtuse
Obscure, ob-skur', a. Covered over; Obverse, ob-vers', a. {Bot.) Havingthe angle; D BC,
shaded darkened imperfectly illu- base narrower than the top, as a leaf, right angle.
; ;

minated; living in darkness; hidden; uoo,rate LeaI m — 71. The face of a coin having the principal image
not much known or observed; remote
-
or inscription upon it. —
Obverf, v. t. To turn tow-
from observation; humble, not easily understood; ard or downward.
not clear, full, or distinct; dim; abstruse: difficult; Obviate, ob'vl-at, v. t. To meet in the way to pre- ;

mysterious; imperfect; defective. v. t. [obscured — vent bv interception to clear the way of, remove.
(-s"kurd r ), -souring.] To render obscure, darken, — ;

Ob'vious, -vl-us, a. Open exposed; liable; sub- ;

make less intelligible, legible, visible, glorious, beau- ject easily discovered, seen, or understood plain;
; ;

tiful, or illustrious. —
Obscura'tion, a. Act of, or clear; apparent.
state of being, etc. Occasion, ok-ka'zhun, n. A falling, happening, or
Obsequy, ob'se-kwi, n. ; pi. -quies. -kwiz. A funeral |
coming to pass an occurrence, casualty, incident
;

solemnity,— chiefly in pi.— Obse'quious, -kwT-us, a. a favorable opportunity accidental cause oppor-
Servilely or meanly condescending; compliant to
j

tunity to use; incidental need: requirement.

:

v. t.
;

—
[occasioned (-zhund), -sioning.] To give occa-
J

excess.
Observe, ob-zerv r v. r. [-served (-zSrvd'), -serv-
, sion to, cause incidentally. —
Occassional, a. Pert.
ing.] To pay attention to, notice with care, regard to or occurring at times, hut not regular or system-
atic; casual: incidental; produced by accident; made
|

with religious care, celebrate; to utter as a remark,

say in a casual wajr to comply with, obey. on some special event, — Oc'cident, -si-dent, n. The
— j

; v. i.
To take notice, attend, comment. Observance, —
western quarter of the hemisphere; the west. Oc- —
-ans, n. Act of observing or noticing with atten- cidental, a. Situated in, or pert, to, the west; west-
tion tokens or marks of fidelity that which is to
; ern; setting after the sun.
;

be observed or attended to ; rule of practice per- Occiput, ok'si-put, n. {Aunt.) The part of the skull :

formance of religious ceremonies, or formal service. which forms the hind part of the head.— opp. to
— Observlmt, a. Taking notice; attentively view- sinciput. Occipital, -sip'I-tal, a. Pert, to the oc- —
ing or noticing ; adhering in practice carefully at- ciout. ;
r
tentive; mindful; obedient; submissive.— Observa''- Occlusion, ok-klu zhun, n. Act of shutting up: state
tion, n. Act or power of taking notice; act of seeing, of being shut up transient approximation of the ;

or of fixing the mind upon, anything; that which is edsres of a natural opening; also, imperforation.
noticed a remark; performance of what is pre- Occult, ok-kulf, a. Hidden from the eye or under-
;

scribed; act of recognizing and noting some fact or standing invisible: secret; unknown. OccultaA ;
—
occurrence in nature. —
Observ'atory, -to-rl, n. A tion, n. Act of rendering, or state of being, occult.
place from which a view may be obtained; esp. a {Astron.) The hiding of a heavenly body from sight
place for making observations" on the heavenly lv d- by the intervention of some other heavenly body. —
les; a building fitted with instruments for making Occult'ness, n. , , _
systematic observations of any particular class of Occupy, ok'ku-pl, v. t. [-pied (-pld), -PYISG.] To
natural henomena. ]
take or hold in possession, possess to hold, or till, ;

Obsolete, ob'so-let, a. No longer used: antiquated. the dimensions of; to cover to employ, use; to em- ;

{Nat. Hist.) Not very distinct; obscure. Obsoles'- ploy, busv, —

used reflexively to follow as a busi- — ;

ccnt, -les'sent, a. (Joing out of use; passing into ness.— ,-.*i. To hold possession, be an cccupant,
desuetude. — Obsolescence, -sens, n. btate of be- follow business, negotiate.— Oc'cupant, n. One who
coming obsolete. occupies; one who nas the actual use or possession,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term s In, Ice ; Odd, t5ne, Or
 OCCUR 27.1 OFFICE
or —
in possession, of a thing.
is Oc'cupancy, -pan-si,
— odd.— Oddly, -IT, adv.
—
m
an odd or queer manner:
—
n. Act of taking or holding possession. Occupa'- unevenly; strangely. Ottd'ness, n. Odds, odz, n.
tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which sing. & pi. Difference in favor of one and against
occupies the time and attention; the principal busi- another inequality
; advantage ; superiority in ; ;

ness of one's life; possession: tenure; use; vocation; games, points given by a stronger player to a weaker.
calling; office; trade; profession. — Odd'-fel'low, n. A member of a secret society,
Occur, ok-kef, v. i. [-curred (-kerd^), -curbing.] established for mutual aid and social enjoyment.
To be found here and there; to appear; to meet or Ode, od, n. A
short, dignified poem or soiig, proper to
—
come to the mind. Occur^rence, n. A
coming or be set to music or sung; a lj'ric poem.
happening; any incident or single event. Odic. See Od.
Ocean, o'shun, n. The water considered as one vast Odium, o'dl-um, n. Hatred; dislike; the quality that
body surrounding the land, —
the sea; one of the provokes hatred; offensiveness. O'dious, -dT-us, a.—
large bodies of water into which the great ocean is Deserving hatred; causing disgust or hate; exposed
regarded as divided; an immense expanse. Ocean- — to hatred; hated; abominable; loathsome; repulsive;
ic, -she-anlk, a. Pert, to, found, or formed in, the unpopular.
ocean. Odontalgia, o-don-tafjY-a, n. (Med.) Pain in the
Ocelot, o'se-lot, n. (Zool.) A
digitigrade carnivorous teeth; toothache.— Odontofogy, -tofo-ji, n. (Anat.)
mammal of the cat kind, found in Mexico. That branch of anatomy which treats of the struc-
Ocher, Ochre, o'ker, n. (Min.) A
variety of fine clay ture and development of the teeth.
containing iron: the common colors are yellow and Odor, o r der, n. Any smell, whether fragrant or offen-
red. sive; scent.— Odoriferous, -if 'er-us, a. Giving scent;
Ocra. See Okra. fragrant; perfumed; usually, sweet of scent.— O'dor-
Octagon, okla-gon, n. (Geom.) A
plane figure of 8 ous, -us, a. Having or emitting an odor; esp., hav-
sides and 8 angles. —
Octag'onal, a. Having S sides ing a sweet odor; fragrant.
and 8 angles. —
Octahe'dron, n. Odyle. See under Od.
{Geom.) A solid contained by 8 (Ecumenical, (Esophagus, etc. See Ecumenical,
equal and equilateral triangles.— Esophagus, etc.
Octahe'dral, a. Having equal
8 O'er, or, prep. & adv. Contr. for over.
faces or sides.— Octan'gular, Of, ov, prep. From, or out from; proceeding from, as
-tan'gu-ler, a. Having 8 angles.— the cause, source, means, author, or agent bestow-
Oc'tant, -tile, -til, n. (Geom.) The Octahedron. ing; belonging; to; pert, or relating to; concerning.
l-8thpart of a circle. (Astron. & Astrol.) The posi- — Off, of. a. On the opposite or further side most ;

tion or aspect of a heavenly body, when. half way distant. —

adv. From; away from, denoting dis- —
between conjunction, or opposition, and quadrature, tance; or, separation, removal; or, departure, abate-
or distant from another body 45°.— Oc'tave, a. Con- ment, remission, or a leaving; or, opppsite direction;
sisting of 8.— n. The 8th dav after a church festival, the opposite side of a question. prep. Not on. — —
the festival itself being included; the week immedi- interj. Away begone.— Off-hand, With-c. & adv.
ately following a church festival. (Mits.) The 8th out studv
;

or" preparation. — Offal, n. Waste

meat;
tone in the scale; the scale itself. The first 8 lines of parts rejected as unfit for use; carrion; putrid meat;
a sonnet; a small cask of wine, —
the l-8th of a pipe. refuse: rubbish. —
Offing, n. That part of the sea
— Octa'vo.a. Formed of sheets folded so as to make
.

which is at a good distance from the shore, or where

8 leaves; of, or equal to, the size of one of such there is deep water, and no need of a pilot. — Off-
leaves..— n. A book composed of sheets folded so as set, n. A sprout or a shoot; a flat surface or terrace
to make 8 leaves; the size of a book thus composed. on a hill-side. (Arch.) A horizontal ledge on the
— Octen'nial, -nT-al, a. Happening every 8th year; face or at the foot of a wall. (Sum.) A short dis-
lasting 8 years.— Octillion, -tifyun, n. By Eng. nu- tance measured at right angles from a line actually
meration, the number produced by involving a mil- run to some point. A
sum, account, or value set off
lion to the 8th power, expressed "by a unit with 48 against another, as an equivalent; anything given
ciphers annexed: by the common or French method, in exchange or retaliation; a set-off. —Offset, of-sef
a unit with 27 ciphers annexed. See Notation.— Oc- or ofset, v. t. [-set, -setting.] To set off, place
to'ber, n. The 10th month of the Julian year, con- over against, balance. —
Offshoot, n. That which
taining 31 days.— Octodec'imo, -des'T-mo, a. Formed shoots off or separates from a main stem, channel,
of sheets folded so as to make 18 leaves; of, or equal or the like. —
Offspring, n. A child or children; de-
to, the size of one of such leaves. n. — A
book com- scendants, however remote, from the stock; issue;
posed of sheets folded so as to make 18 leaves; the generation; progeny; posterity.
r
size of a book thus composed.— Octogenary, ok-toj' - Offend, of-fend', v. t. To displease, make angry; to
e-na-rT or oklo-je-na-rT, a. Of 80 years of age. — shock, pain, annoy; to draw to evil, or hinder in obe-
Oc'togena'rian, n. A person 80 years of age. Oc'- — dience. —v.i. To commit a crime to sin to cause ; ;

topod, n. A mollusk or insect having 8 feet or legs. dislike or anger; to take offense, be scandalized.—
— Octo'pus, n. A cuttlefish, having § arms attached Offense'', -fence \ n. Act of offending, displeasing,
/

to the head. — Octoroon'', -roon', a. The offspring or hurting; an open violation of law; that which of-
of a quadroon and a white person. —
Oc'tostyle, -stil, fends, or excites anger; state of being offended; um-
n. (Arch.) An edifice or portico adorned with 8 col- brage; resentment; misdeed: trespass; delinquency;
umns, or a range of 8 columns in front. Octosyl- — fault; sin; affront; insult.— Offensive, -siv, a. Caus-
lable, -sil1a-bl,_«. Aword of 8 syllables. —
Oc'tosyl-
!

ing displeasure or some degree of anger; giving un-

lablc, -ical, a. Consisting of 8 syllables.— Oc'tuple, pleasant sensations; causing evil or injury; used in
-pi, a. Eightfold. attack; making the first attack, n. State or pos-—
Ocular, ok'u-le"r, a. Depending on, or perceived by, ture of one who makes attack.
the eye. — Oc'nlist, n. One skilled in treating dis- Offer, offer, v. t. [-fered -fering.] To bring
(-ferd),
eases of the eyes. to or before, present for acceptance or rejection,
Od, 8d or od, n. A force or natural power, supposed make a proposal to; to attempt, undertake; to pre-
to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be sent in prayer or devotion; to bid, as a price, re-
developed by various agencies. — Odlc, fief- or 6d /'- ward, or wages; to manifest in an offensive way.
ik, a. Of or pert, to, etc. —
O'dyle, -dil, n. Same as v. i. To present itself; to declare a willingness; to
On. —
make an attempt. n. Act of, or thing which, etc.;
Odalisque, o'da-lisk', n. A
female slave or concubine a proposal. —
Offering, n. That which is offered,
in the harem of the Turkish sultan. esp. in divine service; a sacrifice: oblation. Of- —
Odd, od, a. [odder, oddest.] Not paired with an- fertory, -to-rl, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch.) An anthem
other; alone; left over, after a round number has chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during
been taken; remaining; having no great value; in- the offering and first part of the mass; that part of
significant; not divisible by 2 without a remainder; the mass in which the priest prepares the elements
not even; different from what is usual or common; for consecration. (Ch. of Eng.) The verses of
peculiar; unsuitable orinappropriate; quaint; queer; Scripture near the beginning of the communion ser-
whimsical; droll; comical.— Oddity, -I-tT, n. State vice, read while the alms are collecting.
of being odd; singularity; queerness; that which is Office, of fis, n. Work to be performed for, or with
sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 OFFICINAL 272 ONE
reference to, others; duty; esp., customary duty; a Oligarchy, ol'I-gark'T, Government in which the n.
snecial duty, trust, or charge, conferred by author- supreme power in the hands of a few persons. —
is
ity and for a public purpose that which is per- ; Oligarch, n. One
of those who constitute an oli-
formed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a par- garchy. /— /
01 igarch 'al, -ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
ticular thing; place in which public officers and oth- Olio, oli-o or ol'yo, n. dish of stewed meat a A ;

ers transact business; the company or corporation mixture ; medley. (31ns.) A

whose place of business is their office, pi. Apart- collection of various pieces.—
ments in which domestics discharge the service of a Ollapodrida, ol'la-po-dre'da, n.
house, as kitchens, pantries, etc.— Officer, -fT-ser, n. A mixture of all kinds of meat
One who holds an office: a magistrate. v. t. To — chopped fine, and stewed -with
furnish with officers. —
Offi'cial, -fish'al, a. Pert, to vegetables any incongruous ;

an office or public trust; derived from the proper of- mixture or miscellaneous col-
fice, officer, or authority. n. One who holds an of- — lection.
fice; an officer. —
Offi'dally, adv. By, or by_virtue Olive, ol'iv, n.(Bot.) tree cul- A
of, the proper authority. —
Offi'date, -fish'I-at, v. i. tivated in Asia and S. Europe,
To act as an officer in his office; to perform the ap- for its fruit the fruit from
propriate official duties of another. Offi'cious, — which olive oil is expressed.
;

-fish'us, a. Excessively forward in kindness; inter- The color of the olive, a color
meddling in affairs in which one has no concern composed of violet and green.
impertinent; meddlesome. Olympiad, o-lim'pT-ad, n. A pe-
Officinal, of-fis'i-nal or -f I-si'iial, a. Used in a shop, riod of 4 years, reckoned from
or belonging to it; having a character or composition one celebration of the Olympic Ulive Iree.
approved of by the college of medicine. games to another, the 1st being 776 b. —
01ym /'- c—
Offing, Offset, etc. See under Of. pian, -pt-an, -pic, a. Pert, to Olympus also to the ;

Oft, oft, Often, ofn, adv. [oftener, oftenest.] town of Olympia, and to the games there celebrated.
Frequently; many times; not seldom. Omega, o'meg-a or o-meg'a, n. The last letter of the
Ogle, o'gl, v. t. [ogled (-gld), ogling.] To view Greek alphabet (ft, w), as Alpha, A, is the first.
with side glances, as in fondness, or to attract notice. Omelet, om'e-let or omlet, n. kind of fritter made A
— n. A
side glance or look. chiefly of eggs.
Oglio, oli-o or oKyo, n. Same as Olio. Omen, o'men, n. Sign or indication of some future
Ogre, o'ger, n. An imaginary monster, who lived on event a prognostic
; presage augury. v. t. —
— ; ;

human beings. O'gress, n. female ogre. A [omened (-mend), omening.] To indicate as likely
Oh, o, interj. An exclamation expressing surprise, to occur, augur; to predict, foretell. Ominous, -T- —
pain, sorrow, anxiety, a wish, etc. nus, a. Pert, to, or containing, an omen; foreshow-
OU, oil, n. 1
A
unctuous liquid expressed or drawn ing good, auspicious; foreboding evil, inauspicious.
from various animal and vegetable substance: Omentum, o-men'tum, n. (Anat?) The caul; a fatty
v. t [oiled (oild), oiling.] To smear, rub over,
' membranaceous covering of a portion of the bowels,
oint with oil.
or anoint —
OiKy, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Con- attached to the stomach.
sisting of, or containing, oil unctuous resem- ; ; Omer, o'mer, n. A
Hebrew measure, the l-10th of an
bling oil; fatty; greasy; smoothly subservient; com ephah.
pliant. —
Oil'iness, n. Oil'cake, n. —
mass of com- A Ominous, etc. See under Omen.
has been extracted. cloth, n.
painted for covering floors, etc.
—
pressed seeds, or other substance, from which oil
Cloth oiled or
cup, n. (Mach.) —
Omit, 0-mif, v. t.
pass by, neglect.
To let fall, leave out, drop to
Omis'sion, -mish-'un, n. Act of
leaving out neglect or failure to do something re-
;
— ;

A cup at the quired by propriety or duty that omitted. ;

top of a pas- Omnibus, om^ni-bus, n. large four-wheeled car- A

sage called an riage, to carry many people.
r
Omnifa' rious, -ri-us, —
oil-hole, to sup- a. Of all varieties, forms, or kinds. Omniferous, —
ply a lubrica- -5r-us, a. producing all kinds.
All-bearing Om- ;
—
machin- nip'arous, -a-rus, a. Producing all things; omnipa-
tor to
ery.
Inflam
—m
ab1e
gas. n. rient. —
Omnip'otent, a. Possessing unlimited pow-
er; all-powerful; having unlimited power of a par-
fa s procured ticular kind. Omnip'otence, -tency, n. —Omni- —
r o m oil.— present, a. Present in all places at the same time
-man, n. One ubiquitous. —
Omnipres /'ence, n. Ubiquity. Om- —
who nis'cient, -nish'ent, a. Having universal knowl-
oils.
n.
—
A
deals in
stone,
kind of „.,
edge, or knowledge of all things all-knowing all-
searching all-seeing. Omnis / cience, -nish-'ens, n. — ; ;

—
;

whetstone. Oil-cup.
— well, n. An artesian well yielding
O'leag'inous, -aj'i-nus, a. Having the qualities of
petroleum. —
Quality of being, etc. Omniv'orous, -o-rus, a. All
devouring; eating everything indiscriminately.
On, on, prep. At, or in contact with, the surface or
oil; oily; unctuous. —
O'leomar'garine, -ga-rin, n. upper part of a thing, and supported by it toward ;

Artificial butter made from animal fat; butterine.— and to the upper surface of upon by means of ; ;

O'leas'ter, n. A
shrub resembling the olive. with in addition to besides at or near,
; indica- ; ; — ;

Ointment, oint'ment, n. That which serves to anoint; ting relative position; in dependence or reliance up-
an unguent. on at or in the time of toward; for at the peril
; ; ;

Oker. See Ocher. of, or for the safety of; by virtue of; with the pledge
Okra, o'kra, O'kro, n. An annual plant, whose green of; to the account of; in consequence of, or follow-
pods are used in the W. Indies, etc., for soups or ing in reference or relation to.
; adv. Forward; —
pickles gumbo. ; in progression; onward; forward, in succession in ;

Old, old, a. Not young advanced far in years or ; continuance without interruption adhering at-
; ; ;

life; not new or fresh not recently made or pro-

; tached to the body.— On'to, -too, prep. On the top
duced ; formerly existing preexisting or preced- of; upon; on.— On' ward, o. Advanced or advancing;
ing ; indefinitely continued in life long practiced
;

; ; increased; improved, adv. Toward the point be- —

skilled experienced long cultivated worn out fore or in front; forward; progressively; in advance.
;

decayed; antiquated; bad; mean,

;

used as a term — ; ;

— On'wards, adv. Same as On ward.— On'set, n. A

of reproach old-fashioned as of old very gay
; ; ; ; violent attack, esp. the assault of an army or body
jolly. of troops upon an enemy, fort, etc. charge storm-
— ;
;

Oleander, o-le-an'dgr, n. An evergreen shrub, having ing onslaught.

; Onslaught, -slawt, «. Attack ;
clusters of fragrant red or white flowers. aggression assault. ;

Oleaster, Oleaginous, Oleomargarine, etc. See under Onanism, o'nan-izm, n. Self -pollution; masturbation.
Oil. Once. See under One.
Olfactive, ol-fak'tiv, -tory, -to-rY, a. Pert, to, or hav- On dit, awN-de'. Lit., they say; it is said. n. A —
ing the sense of, smelling. Olfac'tory, n. An organ — rumor; flying report. [F.J
of smelling; the sense of smell. One, wun, a. Being but a single unit, or entire being

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, dr
 OJXTERARY 273 OPPRESS
or thing, and no more;
single; individual; denoting method of working ; effect brought about by a def-
a person conceived or spoken of indefinitely, used — inite plan, (Math.) Some transformation to be made
as an indefinite pronoun or adjective (having, as a upon quantities, indicated by rules or symbols.
pronoun, a plural, ones) pointing out a contrast, (Surg.) Any methodical action of the hand, or of
used as a correlative adjective; constituting a whole;
;

the hand with instruments, on the human body. —

undivided united single in kind the same a Operative, -a-tiv, a. . Having power of acting ex-
;

common. — Once, wuns, adv. At one time

; ;

; on one
;

erting force efficient in work ; efficacious. n. ; — ;

A
occasion; atone former time ; formerly as soon as. laboring man; artisan; workman in manufactories.
— On'ly, on'H, a. One alone single ; alone in its ;
;

— Op'era'tor, n. One who, or that which, operates.

class by itself distinguished above all others; pre- (Surg.) One who performs some act upon the human
eminent.
;

—
;

adv. In one manner, or for one purpose body. — Op'erose', -os', a. Wrought with labor ;

alone solely singly merely barely.

; ; ; ; laborious tedious wearisome.
; ;

Onerary, Onerous, bee under Onus. Ophidian, o-fid't-an, n. An animal of the snake family.
Onion, un'yun, n. A biennial plant; its bulbous root, O'phioKogy, -fT-oKo-jT, n. That part
used as an article of food. of natural history which treats of ser-
Only. See under One. pents.— Ophicleide, off-klid, n. large A
Onset, Onto, Onward, etc. See under On. brass wind instrument of the trumpet
Onus, o'nus, n. The burden. On'erous, on'er-us, — kind. — O'phioman'cy, -ft-o-man'sT, n.
a. Burdensome; oppressive. On'erary, -er-a-rf, a. — Art of divining or predicting events by
Designed for carrying burdens. serpents.
Onyx, o'niks, n. A stone (chalcedony, etc.) consisting Ophthalmia, etc. See under Optic.
of parallel layers of different shades of color, and Opiate. See under Opium.
used for making cameos. Opinion, o-pin'yun, n. mental convic- A
Oolite, Oology, etc. See under Ovum. tion of the truth of some statement
Oolong, oolong, n. A variety of black tea possessing founded on probable evidence judg- ;

the flavor of green tea. ment of persons or their qualities; esp.,

Ooze, ooz, v. i. [oozed (oozd), oozing.] To flow favorable judgment, good esteem.
gently, percolate. v. t. —
To cause to flow forth (Law.) The formal decision of a judge,
gently, cause to percolate to drop, shed, distill. ; umpire, counselor, etc. Opin'ionV- ~ —
n. Soft mud or slime; soft flow, spring; the liquor ted, a. Stiff or obstinate in opinion. Ophicleide. —
of a tan-vat. — Ooz'y, -t, a. Miry; resembling ooze. Opin'ionative, -tiv, a. Unduly attached to one's
Opacity. See under Opaque. own opinions fond of preconceived notions. —
Opal, o'pal, n. A
mineral consisting of silex in what — Opine", o-pin /
v. i.
;

[opined (-pmd'.), opining.] ',

is called the soluble state, and usually a small quan- To think, suppose. Opin'iative, -ya-/civ, a. Very- —
tity of water the $>recious opal presents a peculiar
: stiff in adherence to one's opinion/, founded on
play of colors, and is esteemed as a gem. Opal- — mere opinion fancied. ;

esce / -pal-es', v. i. [-esced (-est '), -escing.] To

',
1
Opium, o'pY-um, n. The inspissated juice of the
give forth a play of colors, like the opal. Opal- — white poppy, a narcotic drug. —
O'piate, -pl-at, n. —
escence, -es'sens, n. reflection of a milky or A Any medicine that contains opium, and induces
pearly light from the interior of a mineral. sleep or repose a narcotic that which induces rest
; ;

Opaque, o-pak'", a. Impervious to the rays of light or inaction.— a. Inducing sleep; causing rest or in-
not transparent dark obscure. ;Opaque'ness, ;
— action soporific lulling quieting.
; ; ;

Opacity, -pas'f-tf n. Quality of being, etc. , Opodeldoc, o-po-deKdok, n. saponaceous campho- A

Ope, op, Open, o'pn, a. Free of access not shut up; ; rated liniment.
not closed free to be used, visited, read, etc. not
; ; Opossum, o-pos'sum, n. An Amer. marsupial quadru-
private public not drawn together or contracted;
; ; ped.
expanded; without reserve; not concealed or secret; Opponent, op-po r nent, a. In-
exposed to view candid; ingenuous sincere art-
; ; ; clined to oppose adverse ; ;

less; not frozen up; not cold or frosty not settled ; antagonistic situated in ;

or adjusted; not balanced or closed not blinded or ; front; opposite. n. One —

obscured; not deaf not unwilling to hear; listen- ; who* opposes, esp., in a dis-
ing; free to be discussed; easily enunciated; spoken putation or controversy.,
without closing the mouth. n. Open country or — (Academic Usage.) One|
space.— v. t. [opened (o'pnd), opening.] To make who attacks some thesis
open, render tree of access, unclose, unlock, remove proposition, disting. from J

any fastening from; to bring to view, exhibit, inter- the respondent, or defendant, i

pret, explain, disclose; reflexively, to speak without who maintains it. Adver-
reserve; to enter upon, begin, commence. v. i. To — sary; antagonist; opposer. Opossum.
unclose, be parted; to begin to appear; to commence, — Oppo'nency, -si, n. Proposition of objections to a
begin.— O'pening, n. place which is open; breach;A thesis.
aperture beginning commencement.
; O'penly,
; — Opportune, op-por-tun'
-

, a. Present at a proper time;

adv. In an open manner publicly without se- ; ; recurring at a suitable occasion; timely; seasonable;
crecy without reserve or disguise; plainly.
; convenient fit well-timed proper.
; Opportu-
; ;
—
Opera, op^er-a, n. A
musical drama consisting of nity, -ni-tf n. Fit or convenient time occasion
, ; ;

airs, choruses, recitations, etc. the score of a musi- ; convenience; occurrence.

cal drama house where operas are exhibited.— Op-
; Oppose, op-poz'', v. t. [-posed (-pozdO, -posing.] To
erat'ic, -ical, a. Pert, or appro- set opposite to put in opposition, with a view to
—
;

priate to the opera. Op'era- counterbalance, hinder, defeat, or prevent effect; to

glass, n. A short telescope of low resist to compete with, strive against to resist
power, usually with a tube and
;

effectually, combat, withstand, deny, obstruct.

;

—
glasses for each eye, for use in v. i. To act adversely to make objection or oppo-
theaters, etc.; a lorgnette. — sition in controversy.— Op'posite, -zit, a. Stand-
;

Op'era-bouffe'', -boof, n. A ing or situated in front facing contrasted with ;

— ;
;

comic opera. Op'erate, v. i. hostile adverse mutually antagonistic

; inconsist- ;

—
;

To exert power or strength, ent. n. One who opposes that which is contrary. ;

physical or mechanical; to pro- — Opposition, -zish'un, n. State of being opposed;

duce an appropriate physical repugnance contrariety act of opposing attempt
; ; ;

effect; to exert moral influence. Opera-glass. to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance; that which
(Med.) To take appropriate effect on the human opposes an obstacle the collective body of oppo-
; ;

system (Surg.) To perform some manual act upon sers; the party that opposes the existing administra-
a human body, usually with instruments. v. t. — tion. (Astron.) The situation of 2 heavenly bodies
To produce as an effect to cause, occasion to put ; 180° apart. —
Oppositionist, n. One who belongs
—
;

into or to continue in operation to work. Opera'- ; — to an opposing party. Oppos^itive, -i-tiv, a. Ca-
tion, n. Act or process of operating agency ex- ; ; pable of being put in opposition.
ertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral Oppress, op-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press-

sfin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 OPPROBRIUM 274 ORCHESTRA
iso.] To press down to treat severely, cruelly, or an inquiry respecting some affair of importance
—
; ;

unjustly; to sit or lie heavy upon. Oppression, the deity supposed to give the answer, also the place
-presh'un, n. Act of, state of being, or mat which, where it was given revelations delivered by God ;

etc.; sense of heaviness, weight, or obstruction in the to prophets the entire sacred Scriptures one who
; ;

body or mind; hardship; cruelty; burden. Op- — communicates a divine command; an angel; proph-
pressive, -iv, a. Unreasonably burdensome un- ; et any person reputed uncommonly wise a wise
; ;

justly severe proceeding from a design to oppress;

; sentence or decision of great authority. — Orac'ular,
overwhelming; cruel; unjust; tyrannical; overpow- a. Pert, to an oracle uttering oracles like, or of
; ;

ering. the nature of, an oracle positive; authoritative; ob-

Opprobrium, op-pro'brT-um, n. Reproach mingled scure; ambiguous. —
Ora'tion, ?j. An elaborate dis-
;

with contempt or disdain.— Oppro'brious, -bri-us, a. course, treating an important subject in a dignified
Reproachful and contemptuous; scurrilous; blasted manner,— applied chiefly to discourses on special oc-
with infamy rendered hateful. casions, and to academical declamations; harangue;
—
;

Oppugn, op-pun', v. t. [-pug.ved (-pund'), -I'Igs- address ; speech. Or'ator, 5r'a-ter, n. public A
ixg.J To fight against, whether in attack, resist- speaker ; one who delivers an oration ; esp. one dis-
ance, or simple opposition.— Oppugn'er, n.— Oppug'- tinguished for his eloquence. (Law.) One who pravs
nancy, -pug'nan-sl, ?;. Act of oppugning resist- ; for relief; a petitioner; a plaintiff or complainant in
ance. a bill in chancery.— Orato'rial,-rT-al, a. Pert, to an
Optative, op'ta-tiv, a. Expressing desire or wish. n. — orator or to oratory.— Oratorical, -t5r'ik-al, a. Pert.
{Gran.) A
mode of the verb expressing desire. to, or becoming, an orator: rhetorical; eloquent; flow-
— Op'tion, -shun, n. Power of choosing right of ; ery; florid.— Orator'ically, adv. In a rhetorical man-
choice exercise of the power of choice election
; ; ; ner.— Orato'rio, -to'rT-o, .1. (jflus.) A sacred com-
preference power of wishing wish. (Stock Ex-
; ; position consisting of -irs, recitatives, duets, trios,
change.) Liberty of selling or of buying stock at choruses, etc., the subject of which is generally
a certain price, and at a given future time time al- ; taken from the Scriptures; an oratory. Or'atory, —
lowed to either buyer or seller for the delivery of -to-rT, n. The art of an orator; art of effective public
stock. —
Op'tional, a. Left to one's wish depend- ; speaking; a chapel for private devotions. Or'ison, —
ing on choice involving an option, or power of
; -T-zun, n. A
prayer or supplication.— Or'ince, -l-fis,
choice. —
Op'timism, -mizm, ». The doctrine that 7i. The mouth of a tube, pipe, etc. ; an aperture,
everything in nature is ordered for the best. Op'- — opening. —
O'rotund', -ro-tund', n. mode of into- A
timist, n. One who holds, etc. nation directly from the larynx, particularly full,
Optic, op'tik, ?i. An organ of sight; an eye.— Op'tic, clear, and ringing in tone.— a. Ringing and musical.
-tical, a. Pert, to vision or to the organ of sight, or — Os'citate. -sT-tat, v. i. To gape with sleepiness,
to the science of optics. —Optic nerves. The 2d pair yawn. —
Os'citant, a. Yawning; sleepy; drowsy. —
of nerves which proceed directly from the brain, Os'citancy, -tan-si, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
and are the nerves of sight see Eye. Op'tics, «.
: — — Os'culate, -ku-lat, v. t. and i. To kiss. (Geom.)
Science of the nature and properties of light, and To touch, as one curve another, or as 2 curves when
the phenomena of vision. —
Opti'cian, -tish'an, n. both have a common curvature at the point of con-
One who makes or sells optical glasses and instru- tact. —
Oscula'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Geon.) Contact
ments. —Ophthal'mia. of-thal'mT-a, Oph'thalmy, of curves.— Os'culant, a. Adhering closely. (Class-
-mi, n. (Jled.) An inflammation of the membranes ification.) Intermediate in character, or on the bor-
or coats of the eye, or of the eyeball. Ophthal'- — der between two groups. — Os'cu-
mic, a. Pert, to the eye. latory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to kissing.
Option, etc. See under Optative. (Geom.) Capable of oscultation. —
Opulent, op'u-lent,«. Having a large n. A picture of
Christ or the Vir-
estate; wealthy; affluent Op'u- — gin, to be kissed by
priest or people.
lence.n. Wealth; riches; affluence. Orange, or'e"hj, n. tree of many A
Or, 6r, conj. A
connective that marks varieties, and its r o u n d yellow
an alternative it corresponds to fruit. —
a. Of the color of an or-
—
:

either, and in poetry is sometimes ange see Light.

: Orangeade',
used for either : it is often used to -ad', n. A drink made of orange-
express an alternative of terms, juice, corresponding to lemonade.
definitions, or explanations of the — Or'angery, -an-jer-T, ?i. plan- A
same thing in different words. tation or nursery of orange trees.
Or, or, n. (Her.) The yellow or gold Orang-outang, o "r a n g'oo-
color repre- tang',». A
large monkey,
sented on an closely resembling man.
escutcheon Oration, Orator, etc. See
by small dots. Oral.
— Or'i- flamb, Orb, 6rb, n. A body of a
-flamme, Sr'- round form ; one bf the
T-flam, n. The celestial spheres; the eye;
Onflamme. ancient royal a circle; orbit; a revolving
standard of France, a red — circular body ; wheel;
silk flag, cut at the edge into -. globe; sphere. Orbed, —
flame-shaped strips, and borne 3 orbd, Orbic'ular, a. Re-
on a gilded lance. 0'riel,-rl- — sembling, or having the
el, n. (Arch.) A
large bay or form of, an orb; spherical;
recessed window, as in a hall, globular. —
Orbic'ularly,
chapel, etc.— O'riole, -ri-ol, n. «-'?-. Spherically.— Orbic'-

A singing bird allied to the ulate, a. In the form of an

thrushes, having a golden or o>-b. —
Orb'it,«. (Astron.)
yellow plumage m i x e d_with The path described by a
black. — Or'mblu', -mo-loo', n. heavenly body in its peri-
A kind of brass, made to resem- Oriel. odical revolution. (Anat.)
ble gold by using less zinc and more copper than in The cavity in which the
ordinary brass.— O'roide, -roid, n. An alloy, resem- eye is situated see Skel- :

bling gold. —
Or'piment, -pT-ment, n. Triculphide eton. (Ornith.) The skin
of arsenic, occurring in crystals of a lemon-yellow which surrounds the eye Orang-outanj
color, and used in dyeing. —
Or'ris, Sr'ris, n. A of a bird.
kind of gold or silver lace; a pattern worked in gold Orchard, Sr'chgrd, n. An inclosure or assemblage of
or silver lace. fruit trees.
Oral, o'ral, a. Pert, to, or uttered by, the mouth Orchestra, 6r'kes- or 6r-kes'tra, Or'chester, -tre, -kes-
spoken, not written. —
O'rally, adv. By mouth. — ;

ter, n. The space in a theater between stage and

Or'acle, Sr'a-kl, n. The answer of a pagan god to audience; a band of instrumental musicians.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 ORCHIL 275 ORNITHOLOGY
Orchil, Sr'kil, -chilla, -kil'la, n. Same as Archil. dinarily, adv. According to established rules; com-
Orchis, Sr'kis, Or'chid, -kid, n. A perennial terres- monly usually on the average.
; ;

trial or epiphytal plant Ordure, Srd'ur, n. Dung; excrements; feces.

of unnumbered species, Ore, or, n. The compound of a metal and some other
many of which bear substance (as oxygen, sulphur, or arsenic), by which
flowers of great beautj', its properties are" disguised or lost.
and singular in form : Oread, o're-ad, n. A mountain nymph.
it is found all over the Organ, dr'gan, n. An instrument by which an action
world. is performed, or object accomplished; part of a liv-
Ordain, etc. See under ing being, capable of a special function, essential to
Order. the lite or well-being of the whole, as the lungs, the
Ordeal, dr'de-al, n. An heart, etc. a medium of communication between
;

ancient form of trial, one person or body, and another. (Mus.) An in-
by lot, fire, water, etc., strument containing pipes filled with wind from a
to determine guilt or in- bellows, and played upon by means of keys. Or- —
nocence ; severe trial ganist, n. One who plays on an organ. Organic, —
accurate scrutiny. -ical, a. Pert, to an organ or its structure; consisting
Order, Sr'der, n. Eegular of, containing, or produced by the organs; instru-
arrangement; any me- mental. —
organism, n. A structure composed of
thodical or established Orchis. or acting by means of organs: an organized being.—
succession; a sound or Organize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To furnish
proper condition normal state; customary mode of
; with organs; to arrange or constitute in parts, each
procedure; regulargovernment; general tranquillity; having a special function, act, office, or relation.
a regulation; standing rule; a particular injunction; organiz'able, a. —
Or'ganiza'tion, n. Act of organ-
command; mandate; necessary measures or care; izing ;state of being organized the relations in- ;

a commission to make purchases or supply goods; cluded in such a state or condition; that which is or-
a direction, in writing, to pay money; a number of ganized; an organism.
things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable Orgy, 6rjT, n. ; }>l. -gies, -jiz,— usually in the pi.
place, or relative position esp., a rank or class in
; The ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans
society; a privileged or dignified grade; a class of in the worship of Bacchus drunken revelry noc- ; ;

men so closely linked together that they form a sep- turnal carousals.
arate class in the community. {Episc. Ch.) The Oriel. See under Or, n.
rank of deacon, priest, or bishop, of ten used in — Orient, oll-ent, a. Rising, as the sun eastern ori- ; ;

pi. (Arch.) One of the 5 principal methods recog- ental; bright; shining; of superior quality; perfect.
nized by the ancients for ornamenting the columns — n. The eastern horizon the East the countries ; ;

of an edifice (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and of Asia. —

Orienfal, a. Pert, to, proceeding from,
Composite see Capital). (Zo'61.) One of the well-
: or situated in, the orient. v. native or inhab-— A
marked divisions of a class, including families and itant of some eastern part of the world.— O'rienta''-
genera. (Bot.) A
group of allied individuals, more tion, n. Process of determining the points of the
comprehensive than a genus. (Rhet.) The placing of compass, or the east point, in taking bearings; ten-
words and members in a sentence so as to contribute dency of a revolving body, when suspended in a cer-
to force, beauty, and clearness of expression. — v. t. tain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallel-
[ordered (-derd), -derixg.] To put in order, re- ism with the earth's axis; an aspect or fronting to
duce to methodical arrangement, adjust to man- ; the east.
age, regulate; to command, direct, bid. v. i. To — Orifice. See under Oral.
give direction.— orderly, -der-ll, a. Conformed to Oriflamb, -flamme. See under Or, n.
order ; methodical regular ; observant of order,
; Origin, Sri-jin, n. First existence or beginning of
method, or rule; quiet; peaceable; well-regulated; anything; that from which anything primarily pro-
systematic; regular; methodical; being on dutv. ceeds commencement rise :" source derivation ;
; ; ;

adv. According to due order; regularly. '— w. (5lil.) cause. —

Original. -rij'Y-nal, n. Origin source ; ;

A non-commissioned officer who attends a superior that which precedes all others of its class ; arche-
officer for the purpose of bearing orders or render- type; an original work of art, manuscript, text, etc.;
ing service.— Ordain / -dan', v. t. [-daixed (-dandO,
', the precise language employed by a writer; a person
-daining.] To set in order, regulate, establish; to ap- of marked peculiarity. (Xat. Hist.) The stock of
point, decree, enact; to set apart for an office, esp., a series of living forms, in which a variety is con-
to invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions.— sidered to have "originated one who has new and ;

Or'dina/tion, n. Act of ordaining; esp., the act of striking ideas. a. —

Pert, to the origin or being ;
setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; preceding all others first in order not translated ;
: ;

state of being ordained or appointed; tendency.— employed by the author ; having power to suggest
Ordinal, -dT-nal, a. Indicating the established order new thoughts or combinations of thought before ;

or succession. —
n. A
number noting order; a book unused or unknown; new. Originality, -T-tt, n. —
containing the service prescribed in the Eng. church, Quality or state of being, etc.— Originally, adv.
for the ordination of deacons, etc.— ordinance, -di- Primarily; from the beginning; at first; by the first
nans, n. An ordaining or establishing bv authority; author; at the time of formation. Originate, -nat, —
appointment: a rule established by authority; a stat- v. t. To give an origin or beginning to to bring into
—
;

ute; law; edict; decree; rescript. \Eccl.) An estab- existence. v. i. To have origin; to begin to exist
lished rite or ceremony. —
Ordinance, n. Heavy or act.
weapons of warfare, —
cannon, mortars, and howit- Oriole. See under Or, n.
zers; artillery. —
Or' donnance, -don-nans, n. (Fine Orion, o-ri'un, n. (Astron.) large and bright con- A
Arts.) The disposition of the parts either in regard stellation, crossed by the equinoctial line.
to the whole piece or to the several parts. Ordi- — Orison. See under Oral.
nary, -dT-na-rT, a. According to established order; Orlop, orlop, n. (jYaut.) The lower deck of a ship
methodical; regular; of common rank; usual: of lit- of the line; or that, in all vessels, on which the ca-
tle merit; plain; not handsome. —
n. (Civil Law.) bles are stowed.
An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own Ormolu. See under Or, n.
right, and not by deputation. (Eng. Law.) One who Ornament, or'na-ment, n. That which embellishes;
has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; decoration. — v. To make
beautiful or furnish
t.
an ecclesiastical judge. (Am. Law.) judicial offi- A with embellishments; to adorn, deck, beautify.— Or-
cer, having generally the powers of a judge of pro- nament'al, a. Serving to ornament. Or'namenta''- —
bate or surrogate. A
dining-room where there is a tion, n. Act or art of ornamenting, or state of being
fixed price for the meal; meal furnished at such a ornamented; that which ornaments.— Or'nate, -nat,
dining-room. (Naval.) The establishment of the o. Adorned; decorated: beautiful.
shipping not in actual service, but laid up under the Ornithology, 6r-nT-thoKo-jT, n. Science of the form,
charge r>f officers. (Her.) A portion of the escutch- structure, and habits of birds— Or'nithoJoglc-log'-
eon corr prised between straight or other lines.— Or- ical, -lojlk-al, a. Pert, to, etc. OrnithoKogist, ?i. —
etin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 OROGRAPHY 276 OUROLOGY
One skilled in, etc.— Ornith'ichnite, -ik-mt, n. (Pa- substance into bone. v. i. —
To become bone or
leon.) The foot-mark of a bird, occurring in strata bony. —
OsteoKogy, -ol'o-ji, n. That part of anat-
of stone. - omy which treats of the nature, arrangement, and
Or'nitho uses of the bones.
rhynch ' us, JS^^SIH Hi8v \ 1 03tent, os'tent or os-tenf, n. Appearance; air; man-
-tho-rink'- ner; show; manifestation; token; a portent. Os- —
us, n. An tensible, -sT-bl, a. Shown, declared, or avowed;
Australian
mammal of ^ fe^\£x.
alN^^N*
manifest; apparent.— Ostensibly, adv.— Os'tenta''-
tion, re. Act of making an ambitious display; pre-
the shape '"^^^l«SIi«§k *^ tentious parade; pomp; vaunting; boasting. Os'- —
and size of M tenta'tious, -shus, a. Fond of excessive or offensive
the otter, display; pretentious; boastful; showy; gaudy.
with a beak Osteology, etc. See under Osseous.
like a duck's Ostler. Same as Hostler.
and paws Ornithorhynchus, Ostracean, os-tra/shan, n. One of a family of bivalve
webbed and formed for swimming ; duck-billed shell-fish, of which the oyster is the type.
platypus. Ostracize, os'tra-sTz, v. t. [-cized (-slzd), -cizing.]
Orography, o-rog'ra-fi, n. An account of mountains. To exile by ostracism, banish from society, put un-
Oroide. See under Ob, n. der ban. — Os'tracism, -sizm, re. (Gr. Antiq.) Ban-
Orotund. See under Oeal. ishment, by the people of Athens, of a person whose
Orphan, or'fan, n. A child bereaved of both father influence gave umbrage to them. Expulsion; sepa-
and mother; also, a child who has but one parent ration.
living.— a. Bereaved of parents.— Or'phanage, -ej, Ostrich, os'trich, re. A bird of Africa and Arabia,
n. State of being an orphan; an asylum for orphans. nearly 10 feet high,
Orrery, Or're-ri, n. A
piece of having a long neck,
apparatus to illustrat&the rel- stout, long legs, with'
ative size, positions, orbits, only 2 toes, and short
etc., of the bodies of the solar wings, with long,
system. soft plumes in the
Orris, Sr'ris, n. A European place of feathers: it
iris, whose root has
species of is remarkable for its
an agreeable odor, resemb- Orrery. speed, and for swal-
ling violets. lowing bits of metal
Orris, n. Gold and silver lace See under Or, n. or stone to aid in di-
Orthodox, or'tho-doks, a. Sound in the Christian gestion.
faith, — opp. to heretical ; according with the doc- j
Ostrogoth, os'tro-goth,
trines of Scripture.— Or'thodox'y, -T, n. Soundness re. One of the eastern
of faith belief in the doctrines taught in the Scrip-
; Goths, disting. fr. the
tures; consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines.— Visigoths, or western
Orthodromics, Or'thodrom'y, -1, re. Art of sailing Goths.
in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle. — Otalgia, etc. See under
Or'thoepy, -tho-e-pT, re. Art of uttering words with Otic.
propriety correct pronunciation of words. Or- — Other, utb/er, pron. &
;

thoep'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. —

Orthoep'ically, a. Different from
adv. — Or'thoepist, re. One skilled in orthoepy. — that which has been
Orthog'onal, a. Right-angled; rectangular; at right specified; additional;
angles. —Orthog'raphy, -ra-fi, re. Art of writing second of two not ; Ostrich.
words with the proper letters, according to common this, but the contrary;
usage; spelling; the part of grammar which treats of opposite. —
Oth'erwise, adv. In different man-
this subject. (Geom.) Delineation of an object by ner in different respects.
;

lines and angles corresponding to those of the ob- Otic, o'tik, a. Pert, to, of, or for the ear; auricular.—
ject; an elevation, showing all the parts in their Otal'gia, -taKjT-a, Otal'gy, -tal'jT, re. (Jiled.) Pain
proper proportions. in the ear. —
Otoscope, o'to- or ofo-skop, re. An
Ortive, Sr'tiv, a. Of, or relating to, the time or act of instrument for examining the condition of the ear.
rising, as of a star; eastern. Otiose, o'shi-os', a. Being at ease indolent. ;

Ortolan, Cr'to-lan, n. A
European singing bird, about Ottar, ot'tar, re. A
highly fragrant oil obtained from
the size of the lark, esteemed delicious food. the petals of some flowers, esp. of the rose,— written
Oryx, o'riks, re. A variety of S. African antelope; the also attar, otto.
gemsbok; the Egyptian antelope of N. Africa and S. Otter, offer, re. A
carnivorous aquatic animal of sev-
Asia. eral species, feeding on fish.
Osage-orange, o'saj-or'enj, re. An ornamental tree, Ottoman, ot'to-man, a. Pert, to, or derived from, the
resembling the mulberry, having an orange-like empire of Turkey. re. ; pi. —
-mans. A Turk; a
fruit, and used_as a hedge plant. stuffed seat without a back, orig. used in Turkey.
Oscillate, os'sil-lat, v. i. To move backward and for- Ouch, owch, re. A
bezel, or socket, in which a precious
ward, vibrate, swing, sway. stone or seal is set a cai canet or ornament of gold.
;

Osculate. See under Oral. Ought, awt, re. See Aught.

Osier, o'zher, re. A
species of willow, or the twig of Ought, awt, v. imperfect. Is fit; behooveth; is proper
the willow, used in making baskets. or necessary; should, —
used impersonally.
Osmanli, oz'maii-lT, re. ; pi. -lis, -liz. Turkish offi- A Ounce, owns, re. weight A =
l-12th lb. troy, and 1-1 6th
cial, — so called fr. Osman, who founded the Otto- lb. avoirdupois.
man empire in Asia; less properly, a native Turk. Ounce, owns, re. A carnivorous animal, of N. India
Osmium, oz'mY-um, re. A
gray-colored, brittle metal, and Persia, resembling the leopard, but having a
found with platinum, whose oxide has a disagree- thicker fur, irregular faint spots, and a longer tail.
able smell. Our, owr, possessive pronoun. Pert., or belonging, to
Ospray, -prey. See under Osseous. us. [When the noun is not expressed, ours (not
Osseous, os'se-us or osh'us, a. Composed of, or re- our} is used.] —
Ours, owrz, possessive of We. Our- —
sembling, bone; bony. —
Os'sifica'tion, re. Change, selr , pron. ; pi. -selves, -selvz'. We us,
r
used ;
—
process of changing, or state of being changed into by way of emphasis, and chiefly in pi. myself
a bony substance.— Os'sifrage, -fraj, Os'pray, -prey, also, we, us, —
used reciprocally, chiefly in the regal
; ;

-pra, re. A
long-winged eagle, living on fish, which or formal style^and generally in singular.
it takes by darting upon them when near the surface Ouranography, oo-ra-nog /'ra-fT, re. Same as Ukaxog-
of the water.— Os'selet, -se-let, re. A
hard substance raphy.
growing on the inside of a horse's knee, among the Ourology, ob-rol'o-jT, Ouros'copy, -ros'ko-pi, n. Ex-
small bones. —
Os'sify, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] amination of urine, to determine with /espect to
To form into bone to change from a soft animal
; disease.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 OUSEL 277 OUTBUILDING
Ousel, Ouzel, oo'zl, 71. A bird of several species, of the Place or the means by which anything is let out
tlirush family. passage outward an exit. Out'line, n. The line
;
—
Oust, owst, v. t. To take which marks the outside of a figure contour a ; ;

away, remove to eject, sketch delineation of a figure without shading a

turn out. Oust'er, n. — ; ;

preliminary or general indication of a plan, system,

;

A putting out of pos- course of thought, etc. v. t. To draw the exterior —

session dispossession line of ; to draw
in outline, sketch, delineate. —
—
; ;

ejection ; disseizin. Outlive', v. t. To live beyond, survive. Out'look,

Out, owt, adv. "Without : n. Act of looking out watch place from which ; ;

on the outside not one looks out a watch-tower view obtained by

;

—
; ;

within on the exterior,

; one looking out; prospect; sight. Out'lying, a.
or beyond the limits of Lying or being 1 a distance from the main body
any inclosed place or or design remote on the exterior or frontier.
— opp. —
; ;

given line, to in Outmarch', v. t. To march faster than ;-to leave

or within;— used in behind.— Outmeas'ure, v. t. To exceed in measure
special senses as, a- or extent.
broad, not at in " ater-ousel.
home
;

— Outnum'ber, To exceed in number.

— Out 'port, n. v.A
; t.

a state of disclosure or discovery not in conceal- harbor or port at some distance

—
;

ment or secrecy in a state of extinction or desti- ; from the chief town or seat of trade. Out'post, w.
tution, in want or debt, with deficiency or loss ; (Mil.) A post or station without the limits of a
not in office or employment in public, on display, ; camp, or at a distance from the main body of an
etc. ; to the end, completely in an open or free ; army; the troops at such a station. Outpour', v. t. —
manner, audibly or perceptibly, vividly or forci- To pour out; to send forth in a stream: to effuse.
bly ; not in the* hands of the owner in error or ; Out'put, n. (Iron and Coal trade.) The quantity
mistake, in a wrong position or opinion in a puz- ; of metal yearly produced by the furnaces, or of coal
zle, at a loss; uncovered, with clothes torn away, from the pits. — Outrank', v. t. To take precedence
off, —used as an exclamation at the end of a game
;

of, or be superior to, in rank; to rank.

or of some definite part of it. n. One who, or that — ;

— Outreach', v. t. To reach or extend beyond.

which, is without esp. one out of office a place or Outride', v. t. To ride faster than. — v. i. To travel
—
; ;

space outside of, or around an angle projecting about on horseback, or in a vehicle. Out'rider, n.
outward an open space. (Print.) An omission in
;

A servant on horseback who attends a carriage. —

setting up copy.
;

Out'er, a. On the outside fur- — Out'rigger, n. (Nant.) Any projecting spar or tim-
—
;

ther or more remote external. Out'ermost, a. On ; ber for extending ropes, sails, etc. a projection at ;

the extreme external part remotest from the midst. the side of a boat, to sustain a row-lock a racing
— Out'' ward, a. Forming the superficial part: exter-
;

boat, thus equipped. Out'right, adv. —

Immedi-