TVL – IA

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY

and SERVICING (EPAS NC II)

Quarter 2 - Module 5 - 7
Week 5 - 7
SERVICING CONSUMER ELECTRONIC
PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS-DOMESTIC
ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES WITH ELECTRIC
MOTOR (SCEP-DEAEM)

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I. INTRODUCTION
This lesson contains information and suggested learning activities in Operation of a Washing
Machine. Parts of washing machine and their functions and block diagram of electronically-controlled
washing machine are included to comply with the standard operating procedure.

II - MODULE CONTENT

Diagnose Faults and Defects of Consumer Electronic Products and Systems

TECHNICAL TERMS

Domestic Appliance - is a large machine in home appliance used for routine housekeeping tasks such
as cooking, washing laundry, or food preservation.
Laundry Machine - is a home appliance used to wash laundry. The term is mostly applied to machines that
use water as opposed to dry cleaning or ultrasonic cleaners.
Hertz - the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.
Electrical Energy - is energy derived from electric potential energy or kinetic energy. When used loosely,
electrical energy refers to energy that has been converted from electric potential energy.
Mechanical Energy - The energy of an object due to its motion or position; the sum of an object's kinetic
energy and potential energy.
Wash / Spin Timers - can be considered the brain that controls the washing machine's systems. It contain
a variety of tiny parts, like springs and movable contacts, that can develop problems that keep the
machine from operating properly.
Automatic - used to describe a machine that works on its own, performing its tasks with little or no human
intervention.
Switching Operation - is the opening and closing of circuit breakers and disconnecting switches, which
produces alteration of power system configuration and enhances the probability of achieving load
dispatching operations.
External Parts - are those that can be observed with the naked eye without having to open or disarm the
device. Some of these elements are essential for the operation of the washing machine while others
are accessories.
Program Operation - the important parts of the clothes washer are electrically controlled, including the
inner drum, the valves, the pump, and the heating element. Switching these things on and off in a
sensible sequence.
Internal Parts - is a term used to describe a part, devices that is installed in the washing machine.
Chassis - is the physical frame or structure of a washing machine.
Receiver - a device or apparatus that receives electrical signals, waves, or the like, and renders them
perceptible to the senses.
Transmitter - a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages
or signals
Sensor - is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.
Piezoelectric - comes from the Greek word piezo meaning to squeeze or press.
Drive Pulley - is a pulley that is attached to a power source, that when in use puts force on a belt, cable or
chain.
Mechanism - an assembly of moving parts performing a complete functional motion, often being part of a
washing machine.

OPERATION OF A WASHING MACHINE

Washing Machine is a domestic appliance that washes clothes with the aid of water and detergent.
It is also called laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer that includes immersing dipping, rubbing, or
scrubbing of clothes in water. This machine is power driven with an AC motor connected to the power
source (220v/60 Hz) so that the electrical energy can be converted into mechanical energy in order to
facilitate an act of washing rinsing and spinning. The simplest washing machine just agitates clothes in
water with detergent, wherein some includes wash and spin timers for automatic operations. Automatic
machines or those electronically controlled may fill, empty, wash, spin and heat in a cycle. The usual
domestic washing machine can be considered automatic because of the mechanical timer used.

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Electronically-controlled are those machines that utilize electronic circuit for switching and program of the
operation depending on the features.

Parts of Washing Machine and their Functions

Internal Parts External Parts

Drum Program Selection Control

Pulsator AC Cord

Water Inlet

Side Cover Tub

Drain Hose

Top Cover

Functions of each part

Drum - serves as a washing tub.

Pulsator - is a rotating part inside the tub and responsible in making the water spin.
Water Supply Hose - is an inlet of water.
Top Cover - is used to cover the tub.
Program Selection Control - integrates electronics, touch sensors and backlighting in one less than 3mm
thin multi-skin film laminate. The multi-skin film can be 3D formed and mounted on an injection
molded frame. Particularly noteworthy is the novel control concept with intuitive user guidance.
AC Cord - line cord, or mains cable is an electrical cable that temporarily connects an appliance to the
mains electricity supply via a wall socket or extension cord.
Side Cover Tub - is the main casing/housing for the parts of the unit.
Drain Hose - is an outlet serves as a passage way out for water after spinning has been done.
Tub -is a drum-like component in which water, clothes and soap are put together prior to
washing/spinning.

Block Diagram of Electronically-Controlled Washing Machine

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Parts and Function of Electronically-Controlled Washing Machine

Power Controller - is a circuit that controls the amount of power supplied to the motor.
Sensor - is an input receiver that detects input signal coming from forward and reverse motor. It detects
any abnormality of the operation for automatic shut off.
Program Selection Control - is a set of push button switch that set the operation required of the
washing machine. This circuit has a timing sequence to be selected as low, medium, or high
depending on how long and type of fabric to be washed.
Comparator - is a processing circuit that accepts the input signal coming from sensor and program
selection control. This enables/ disables a sequence of command for the power controller.
Forward/Reverse Motor - is an electric machine which changes applied electrical energy or power into
mechanical output energy or power.
Input Command - is a setting period of the user.
AC Plug - is a connector intended for connecting the unit to the main power source of 220V.
Drive Belt - is used to transmit mechanical energy from a driving pulley to a drive pulley.
Buzzer- is an audio/ sound signal device to confirm or indicate that task programmed or set is done or a
problem occurred. This may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.

Another example of Washing Machine

Washing Machine Part Functions

Timer Control - is a special clock mechanism or motor operated device used to perform switching
operations at predetermined time intervals.
Water Level Control - is a dial used to manage the quantity of water needed.
Wash Selector - is used to choose the task to be done.
Water Supply Hoses - is an access for water supply.
Drain Hose - is an outlet for the water to be dispense.
Water Inlet Valve - is used to allow or stop water to flow.
Off-Balance Switch - is used to shut the washer off to protect the washer if load is unbalance.
Water Filter - is used to take out dirt from water by means of a fine physical barrier.
Spin Pulley - is used to transmit power from the electric motor to spin assembly.
Spin Assembly - is used to control the power at the transmission.
Water Pump - is used to push the water out of the unit.
Water Hose - is a passage way out of the water.
Transmission - is also known as gear box assembly; transmit and boost mechanical power from the motor
to the agitator.
Motor - is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or motion.
Motor Pulley - is used to transmit power from the electric motor to the transmission through drive belt.
Water Level Control Assembly - it contains valve that is used to control the quantity of water needed.
Lid Switch - is the safety feature of the unit that operates with the lid.
Tub - is a large round container where act of washing happen.
Agitator - is a mechanism inside the tub that makes the water and clothes to spin.
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Name: _________________________________________________Date: ______________
Grade/Block: ____________________________________Adviser: ______________

III. ACTIVITIES

Directions: Write the letter of your correct answer. (Use separate sheet for your answer)

1. Is an assembly of moving parts performing a complete functional motion, often being part of a washing
machine.
A. Internal Parts B. Transmitter
C. External Parts D. Mechanism
2. A term used to describe a part, devices that is installed in the washing machine.
A. Internal Parts B. Transmitter
C. External Parts D. Mechanism
3. It is a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages or
signals.
A. Internal Parts B. Transmitter
C. External Parts D. Mechanism
4. External Parts - are those that can be observed with the naked eye without having to open or disarm the
device.
A. Internal Parts B. Transmitter
C. External Parts D. Mechanism
5. The SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.
A. Mechanical Energy B. Hertz
C. Electrical Energy D. Domestic Appliance
6. Energy that derived from electric potential energy or kinetic energy.
A. Mechanical Energy B. Hertz
C. Electrical Energy D. Domestic Appliance
7. The energy of an object due to its motion or position; the sum of an object's kinetic energy and potential
energy.
A. Mechanical Energy B. Hertz
C. Electrical Energy D. Domestic Appliance
8. It is a large machine in home appliance used for routine housekeeping tasks such as cooking, washing
laundry, or food preservation.
A. Mechanical Energy B. Hertz
C. Electrical Energy D. Domestic Appliance
9. It is a home appliance used to wash laundry. The term is mostly applied to machines that use water as
opposed to dry cleaning or ultrasonic cleaners.
A. Domestic Appliance B. Laundry Machine
C. Automatic D Switching Operation
10. Used to describe a machine that works on its own, performing its tasks with little or no human
intervention.
A. Domestic Appliance B. Laundry Machine
C. Automatic D Switching Operation

VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

I - Direction: Directions: Identify the following what is ask. (Use separate sheet for your answer)

1. Is a mechanism inside the tub that makes the water and clothes to spin.
2. It is used to transmit power from the electric motor to the transmission through drive belt.
3. A circuit that controls the amount of power supplied to the motor.
4. Is a domestic appliance that washes clothes with the aid of water and detergent.
5. A rotating part inside the tub and responsible in making the water spin.
6 It is an input receiver that detects input signal coming from forward and reverse motor.

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7. An electric machine which changes applied electrical energy or power into mechanical output energy or
power.
8. Is an audio/ sound signal device to confirm or indicate that task programmed or set is done or a problem
occurred.
9. It is the safety feature of the unit that operates with the lid.
10. A processing circuit that accepts the input signal coming from sensor and program selection control.

II - Direction: State the function of each part of the washing machine listed below.

1. Water Filter
2. Water Level Control Assembly
3. Transmission
4. Program Selection Control
5. Timer Control

B. Performance Task

Draw and Label the Block Diagram of Electronically-Controlled Washing Machine

References:
Service Manual- Automatic Washing Machine DWF-270G
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machine
http://home.howstuffworks. com/how-to-repair-a washing- machine.htm

MODULE 6

I. INTRODUCTION
This lesson contains information and suggested learning activities in maintaining and repairing of a
Washing Machine. Use Personal Protective Equipment in accordance with Occupational Health and
Safety Practices.

II - MODULE CONTENT
Maintain/Repair Consumer Electronic Products
TECHNICAL TERMS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - means any device or appliance designed to be worn or held by
an individual for protection against one or more health and safety hazards.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - is a federal organization that ensures safe
and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and
by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.
Static charge - is a form of electricity at rest. It can be generated by simple friction that is, rubbing two
objects together.
Electro-Static Discharge - the transfer of static electricity from any of the two objects
Antistatic - reducing, removing, or preventing the buildup of static electricity
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) - is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work.
Hazard Identification - is a part of risk assessment in which the hazards are identified for further
investigation.
Hazard is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons
Fire Exits continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any point within a workplace to a place of
safety.
Danger - is defined as a possibility that something harmful or unpleasant will happen, or a person or thing
that causes harm.

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Fire extinguisher - portable or movable apparatus used to put out a small fire by directing onto it a
substance that cools the burning material, deprives the flame of oxygen, or interferes with the
chemical reactions occurring in the flame.
Troubleshooting - is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes on a
machine or a system. It is a logical, systematic search for the source of a problem in order to solve
it, and make the product or process operational again.
Repair - is the act of correcting, fixing, or replacing components of an object to make it function properly.
Functionality - the ability to perform a task or function; that set of functions that something is able or
equipped to perform.
Resolder - to unite with solder again.
Defective Parts - means any part or component of the equipment that breaks or fails to function properly
within a period of three hundred and sixty-five (365) days after the date of installation.
VOM - (Volt-Ohm-Meter) electronic measuring instrument.
Front Panel - usually consisted of arrays of indicator lamps, toggle switches, and push buttons mounted
on a sheet metal face plate.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

It is the employer’s responsibility to provide personnel protective clothing and equipment. It includes
work clothes and specially designed protective clothing intended for your protection. Wear the correct
clothing and equipment to protect you from possible serious injury. Do not interfere with or misuse any item
provided for health and safety.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is defined in the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) as a tool used to protect workers from injury or illness caused by having contact
with the dangers (hazards) in the workplace, whether they are chemical, biological, radiation, physical,
electrical, mechanical and other. Exposures to hazards are reduced using PPE.

The Types of Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment can be classified according to target organs potentially affected of
the risk of danger. Identification of hazard and risk assessment of a job, process and activity must be done
first before deciding which type of PPE to be used.

Organ Source of danger PPE

splashes of liquid chemicals or metals, Safety spectacles,
Eye goggles, face shield,
dust, catalyst powder, projectiles, gas,
steam and radiation welding shield
the sound with the noise level more than 85 db. ear plug, ear muff,
Ear
canal caps.
crushed by falling objects, hit by hard objects, helmets, bump caps.
Head
rotating objects entangled hair
dust, steam, gas, lack of oxygen (oxygen respirators, breathing
Respiratory
deficiency). apparatus
extreme temperatures, bad weather, splashes of boiler suits, chemical
liquid chemicals or metals, a blast from a leaking suit, vest, apron, full
Body
pressure, penetration of sharp objects, dust body suits, jackets.
contaminated
extreme temperatures, sharp objects, crushed gloves, armlets, mitts.
Hand and Arm by heavy objects, electric shock, chemicals, skin
infections.
slippery floors, wet floors, sharp objects, falling safety shoes, safety
Foot objects, chemical splashes and liquid metals boot leggings.
aberration.

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Examples of Personal Protective Equipment

►Wear clothes that are tight, plain, and well-built and keep them buttoned up.
- Loose sleeves, unbuttoned or torn shirts or sweaters, ties or loose belts can easily be caught in revolving
machinery.
►Wear cuffless trouser.
- Trouser cuffs may cause you to trip or they may catch sparks or harmful substances.
►Wear suitable footwear and keep it in good repair.
►Wear safety shoes or boots with insulated sole for electrical work.
- Safety shoes and boots will reinforce toe caps to protect against heavy falling objects.
► Keep long hair under a tight-fitting cap or net. If your hair is long, it can be easily caught by the machine.
►Do not wear accessories such as rings or wrist watches, earrings, neck chains, pendants and bracelets
while on the job.
- Such items can be caught by moving machinery. It is extremely dangerous to wear them in certain types
of work. You may lose your fingers.
►Wear personal protective equipment suitable to the kind of work to be
done.
- Learn the purpose of each item from the wide range of protective devices available.

How is Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Generated?

Static charge is a form of electricity at rest. It can be generated by simple friction that is, rubbing two
objects together. A simple method of generating a static charge is to rub a plastic ball pen case on a nylon
cloth. Once generated, the static electricity will remain on the ball pen for as long as it is not placed on any
other charged materials. If ever the ball pen comes in contact with another object, the static electricity can
move to or from the ball pen to equalize the charge between the two objects. The transfer of static
electricity from any of the two objects is called electro-static discharge. One inexhaustible source of
electrons that can supply or can accept them without any effect is the earth. Whatever charged object
brought into it is immediately discharged.

ESD Wrist Straps

ESD wrist straps are also called conductive wrist straps or bands. They are usually made of elastic
cloth but contain conductive strands that touch your skin and discharge any static electricity on your body.
Some straps are made of conductive rubber. The wire attached to the strap containing a large value
resistor usually one mega ohm (1,000,000 ohms). It allows any charge on your body to be slowly
transferred to a washing machine ground point.
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ESD Protection Procedure

1. Anti-static kit can be purchased from a computer or electronics store. The main component is an ESD
wrist strap with a wire several feet long having an alligator clip at the other end.
2. Before troubleshooting any domestic appliance, wear an ESD wrist strap and wear it as you go under the
covers, handle ICs, and circuit boards.
3. Put the adjustable strap around your wrist. If you are wearing an ESD wrist strap connected to frame or
ground, it drains static charges of your body, thus, it prevents damaging ESD sensitive devices.
4. Attach the clip at the end of the wire to an electrical ground connection or metal framework of the
washing machine.
5. If you work on a washing machine without a conductive wrist strap, touch an electrical appliance such as
a lamp or the screw in a wall outlet cover plate before touching the PCB. An electrostatic discharge of just a
few hundred volts is too small to feel in most cases but can be usually deadly to ESD sensitive devices.
Also avoid wearing clothes that easily produce a static charge, such as knits and wools and limit
your movements as much as possible, especially on carpets while working on electronic circuits of a
washing machine.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES and PROCEDURE

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal is to promote a safe work environment. It
may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and
other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment.
As Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing National Certificate Level II (EPAS NC II) student,
you should know how to conduct yourself when working in the classroom/ laboratory room, as well as
implement a safe way of accomplishing every task. Safety practices should be learned early and always
adhered to when working with any electrical and electronic device. This is for your protection as well as of
the people working with you, and also for the devices that you are using. The basis for this process begins
with Occupational Health and Safety Policies.

Personal Safety While Working Along Electronic Circuits

Electronics equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be injured or even killed if you
don’t follow proper safety guidelines when working or servicing these circuits. The following are some
precautionary measures to take before working with any electrical/ electronic circuits:
►Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the chance of being shocked or seriously
injured in an electrical accident.
►Do not work on components that are plugged into their power source.
►Do not remove expansion cards from electronic product when it is turned on.
►Remove jewelries when working inside any electronic related equipment.
►Be sure not to merge electronic components and water.

Occupational Health and Safety standards

Each student has a responsibility to their colleagues and their organization to report and act upon
any potential workplace hazard. All students need to be aware of the type of hazards that are possible in
their work environment.

Procedure:

1. Identify the hazard

2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so If not…
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person, to obtain assistance
6. Fill out the correct documentation to assist in identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of
hazards.
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 All hazards must be reported and recorded. This enables us to track the kinds of hazards we have
in our workplace, and take action where necessary to make it safer for all student and clients.

Fire Exits
All fire exits should be kept clear of any obstacles. All students have a responsibility to make sure
that chairs, empty boxes or any other type of obstacle are not placed in or near fire exit doorways. All
corridors also need to have equipment stored on one side only to ensure that in the event of an emergency
there is a clear exit.

In Case of Fire
► Assess the danger prior to doing anything.
► If it is safe to move assist anyone in the area of the fire away from danger.
► If it is possible close the door to the fire area.
► Call for assistance. Verbally call FIRE, FIRE, in a loud and clear voice.
► Break the glass section of the fire alert call point.
►Call to the switch; ensure you know where the fire is, any other details that may be of assistance to the
fire brigade. Details could be size of the fire, cause or type of fire, any people hurt or trapped, has anyone
tried to put it out.
►If safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisher or fire hose.

If the designated fire officer is not present, someone quickly needs to take responsibility and:
1. Locate the source of the fire.
2. Locate any people.
3. Remove all people from the building.
4. Once outside do a head count.
5. Notify the authorities.

COMPONENT REPLACEMENT

PROCEDURE:
1. Determine the description of the values and ratings of the individual defective parts using the
manufacturer’s service manual.
2. Identify the sources of the replacement components/parts.
► Original replacement components from the original factory sources
► Universal replacement components from independent factory sources (Note: Always consider the
physical size of the replacement part).
3. Consider the following factors in selecting parts.
►Quality. The ability to provide exact value or specification to replacement part
► Tolerance. The ability to provide exact value or acceptable parameters to replacement parts.
► Availability. The local access to parts and whether the parts are available.
► Price. Refers to the affordability of the replacement parts at a reasonable price.
4. Disconnect or remove properly the electrical/mechanical parts of an electric fan.
5. Install correctly the replacement parts/components in the existing electric fan.
6. For burnt components where values are impossible to recognize, secure a schematic diagram or service
manual if possible. In other case, you can look for the same brand and model as reference.
7. Double check the testing procedure in suspected defective components (on and off the circuit).
8. Check the nearby components for possible consequence of being damaged too.
9. Consider the original orientation/connection of the components in replacing defective one. 10. Observe
safety at all times.

TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS

Steps in Troubleshooting:
1. Conduct a quick diagnosis of the trouble symptom and repair the defective set in the shortest possible
time. Do not troubleshoot a washing machine unless you have determined the fault. Trace the fault from the
mechanical section or electrical circuit section.

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2. When troubleshooting integrated circuits (ICs) in the electrical/electronic circuit section, do not remove
the IC from the PCB. Secure a circuit diagram from the manufacturer to help you identify the function of the
IC. Consider the pin out of the IC.
3. When troubleshooting in the electrical/ electronic circuit section, prior to pre-testing, consider voltage
measurement on components first before removing it for testing. If the measured voltage is normal, the
component might be the cause of the problem. Either way, if the measured voltage is not normal (increased
or decreased) the preceding circuit/ components might be the cause.
4. If the trouble symptom is caused by aging components, the defective component is usually one of them.
However, in high-power-handling circuits, a defective component may cause other components to
malfunction.
5. Be familiar with the usual defects of components. (e.g., capacitors usually become leaky, shorted or
open/ resistor increase their resistance when they become defective/ semi-conductors such as transistors
usually become open or shorted)
6. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have corrected the trouble.
7. Always suspect a faulty contact on mechanical switch circuit rather than defective electronic
components.
8. When measuring resistance in the circuit, make sure that the circuit if OFF and power is not being
supplied in the circuit, and that stored charges in capacitors are properly discharged. Failure to do so can
damage the volt-ohm-milliameter (VOM) and the circuit due to the low resistance of the ohmmeter.
9. While using a VOM for in-circuit resistance measurement, always exchange the setting of positive and
negative probes. Take the higher meter reading with the approximate resistance.
10. Use soldering irons with the proper power rating to prevent the components and the circuit board from
being overheated and damaged. Soldering iron tips should be cleaned and preferably slim.
11. Use proper tools and soldering aids when troubleshooting PCB. Ground the soldering iron to avoid
damaging ICs and transistors.
12. Dry solder joints are hard to detect. However, when they are found or suspected, remove the
components from the PCB; then, file or clean the leads and solder the joints back. Reheating dry joints with
a new soldering lead is another remedy. When re-soldering, make sure you do not overheat the
components. Overheating the PCB may cause the copper layer on it to warp and peel off.
13. USE Personal Protective Equipment.

Maintenance of Washing Machine Steps

1. Turn off the washing machine and remove the cord from the source of voltage.
2. Apply lubricant to mechanical parts of the washing machine that requires lubrication through a drop of oil
or grease to assure smooth operation without grinding or squeaks.
3. Replace the bushings or end bells for squeaks with the use of appropriate tools if squeaks cannot be
corrected by applying lubricants.
4. Apply or spray anti-rust lubricants to all mechanical parts of the washing machine to drive out moisture,
protect corrosion, loosen rusted metal parts and even frees sticky mechanism.
5. Clean and check cooling louvers for any obstructions to avoid cutting off the air flow.
6. Clean or wipe dust and foreign particles at the PC Board and metal parts of the motor.
7. Replace worn or frayed AC cord and electrical wires.

Cleaning Instructions
Steps
1. Use mild soap and damp cloth or rug when cleaning plastic front panel and cover. They are susceptible
to immediate and long-term damage from solvents.
2. Apply denatured alcohol as the safest solvent to use for plastic front panel and cover with heavy stain. It
should be used only as a last resort and apply to areas with heavy stain.

Procedure in Repairing a Washing Machine

1. Once the specific electrical/mechanical problem is located:

► consider the techniques for the proper removal of the defective component or parts;
► anticipate what to do if the replacement part does not correct the problem;
► and check the installation of the replacement or original part for any improper mounting in the
mechanical assembly or circuit board.
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2. Examine carefully the mounting of the replacement of original parts of the system.
► Check the placement of the wires or leads of the replacement component.
► Consider significant factors used in the original installation such as insulating washer, silicon grease and
locating mark for pin connections.
► Observe proper placement of the component leads for electrical parts.
3. Perform the techniques for the proper soldering of electrical parts.
► Be careful not to damage adjacent components.
► Be careful not to l
bridges between board paths.
► Do not destroy the component being removed in case it is still functional and be careful not to damage
the component being installed.
4. Verify all connections and harness
► Be sure that all components pre-positioned in a manner that will avoid the possibility of having adjacent
components short circuited.
► Be sure to check or inspect all insulators and barriers between sections after working on any
model/brand of washing machine.
► Check for frayed or broken insulation on all wiring including the AC line cord.
► Be sure to replace fuses, resistors and capacitors with special designation such as flame proof to
components equal to the original value for both safety and liability purposes.
5. Once the repair is completed, perform an AC leakage test on all exposed metal parts of a washing
machine to eliminate the possibility of electric shock.
► Perform complete retesting of the washing machine to ensure the correctness of the actual repair.
► Connect the washing machine into the 60Hz power to allow the time period required to let the new parts
settle in and operate as they are designed to work with each other.
► Recheck or inspect if the repair was done correctly and the unit functions properly to ensure successful
completion of the repair.
6. Clean the washing machine before it would be returned to the customer.
► Be sure that the drum, pulsator, side cover tub and top cover of the washing machine are properly
cleaned.
► Be sure that proper cleaning is given to the control panel or switch box to ensure safety.

Name: _________________________________________________Date: ______________

Grade/Block: ____________________________________Adviser: ______________

III. ACTIVITIES (Use separate sheet for your answer)

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Always turn off the washing machine and remove the cord from the source of voltage.
2. Use detergent and dry cloth or rug when cleaning plastic front panel and cover.
3. Destroy the component being removed in case it is still functional and be careful not to damage the
component being installed.
4. Consider the techniques for the proper removal of the defective component or parts
5. Dry solder joints are easy to detect.
6. Always wear accessories such as rings or wrist watches, earrings, neck chains, pendants and bracelets
while on the job.
7. Keep long hair under a tight-fitting cap or net. If your hair is long, it can be easily caught by the machine.
8. Wear personal protective equipment that is not suitable to the kind of work to be done.
9. Wear loose sleeves, unbuttoned or torn shirts or sweaters, ties or loose belts.
10. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have corrected the trouble.

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IV. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT (Use separate sheet for your answer)

I - Directions: Identify the different personal protective equipment in the drawing as numbered.

II - Direction: Arrange the procedure in spotting the work place hazard in chronological order. Use
numbers 1 – 6 to represent your answer.

_____ If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so If not…

_____ Clear the area close to the hazard
_____ Fill out the correct documentation to assist in identifying improved practice to reduce
_____ Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from harm
_____ Identify the hazard
_____ Report the hazard to the appropriate person, to obtain assistance

B. Performance Task
Complete the table using the types of Personal Protective Equipment

Organ Source of danger PPE

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559327/
https://en.wikipedia.org/
http://google.com

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MODULE 7

I. INTRODUCTION
This lesson contains information and suggested learning activities in reassembling units for final
testing and cleaning in conformity with manufacturer’s specifications. Waste materials are disposed of in
accordance with environmental requirements.

II - MODULE CONTENT
RE-ASSEMBLE AND TEST REPAIRED CONSUMER ELECTRONIC PRODUCT

TECHNICAL TERMS

Earth Bond and Continuity Tests - to verify the integrity of exposed metalwork on grounded appliances.
Insulation Test - to check that equipment conductors are isolated from earth.
Touch Current Test - to check that the equipment case and all exposed metal parts are isolated from
earth/ground.
Differential Leakage Test - to measure the difference in current between live and neutral conductor during
operation.
Substitute/Alternative Leakage Test - to check that the equipment case and all exposed metal parts are
isolated from earth/ground, by use of a safe test voltages as an added protection against seriously
faulted test items.
Functional Load Test - an operational test to ensure the asset works as it should without drawing
excessive current from the supply hazard.
Extension Cord and Power Cord Tests - to check extension cords and line cords for safe operation.
Hand-held Equipment - these appliances require the operator to hold them in their hand(s) during normal
operation (i.e., steam irons, hair dryers, soldering irons and drills).
Portable Appliances - these appliances are ones that can be easily moved while they are energized and
have a mass of less than 40 lbs. Equipment included in this category are items such as coffee
makers and electric space heaters.
Static Equipment - this equipment weighs over 40 lbs. and is not provided with a carrying handle (i.e.
large televisions, washing machines, refrigerators).
Fixed Appliances - this equipment is securely installed in one location. Typical appliances in this category
are hot water boilers and hand dryers.
Built-in Equipment - this equipment is intended to be built into a cupboard or similar where some electrical
protection is provided by the location. Typically, this equipment does not have an enclosure on all
sides because that side is inaccessible when the equipment is in use (i.e., a built-in oven).
Continuity Test - is a quick check to see if a circuit is open or closed. During a continuity test, a digital
multimeter sends a small current through the circuit to measure resistance in the circuit. A meter
with a continuity beeper briefly sounds off when it detects a closed circuit.
Voltage - is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes charged electrons (current)
through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work.
Amperage - is the strength of a current of electricity expressed in amperes.

Steps for Disassembling and Reassembling Parts

When you perform repairs, you need a procedure that helps you take things apart and get them
back together. The procedure here works for repairs that require you to take something apart and put back
together again.

TIP
Allow yourself plenty of time. If things get rough, have some water or a cup of coffee. You may get a
whole new perspective when you go back to work. Limit distractions: Turn on your answering machine or
take the phone off the hook, keep the kids and the dog away, and relax. If you hit a snag, sit quietly and
think about it — don’t panic. If the parts fit together before, they’ll fit together again.

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Follow these instructions, breathing slowly and deeply:
1. Lay a clean, lint-free rag down on a flat surface, near enough to reach without having to get up or walk to
it.
►You’ll lay each part on this rag as you remove it. Consequently, the rag shouldn’t be in an area where oil
or dust or anything else can fall on it and foul up the parts. If you plan to use something that blasts air for
cleaning purposes, leave enough of the rag uncluttered to fold it over the parts resting on it.

2. As you remove each part, note (on paper, so you won’t forget) where the part came from, how it was
attached, and how tightly it was fastened or screwed down.
►Most amateurs put things back very tightly, in hopes that the part won’t fly off. But some things, like bolts
that hold gaskets in place, shouldn’t be tightened too securely because, for example, the bolt threads could
be stripped or the gasket could be squeezed out of shape, allowing whatever it’s holding in to get out. It’s
helpful to make notes about how hard each thing was to remove. “Don’t over-tighten” or “Be sure it’s
secure.”

3. As you remove each part, lay it down on the rag in clockwise order, with each part pointing in the
direction it was in before you removed it.
►This is the key to the whole system. When you’re ready to reassemble things, the placement and
direction of each part tells you when to put it back and how it was oriented.

4.If you’re making notes, assign each part a number indicating the order in which you removed it — Part
#1, Part #2, and so on.
►You can even put numbers on the parts with masking tape if you’re afraid that the rag may
be moved accidentally. Also, note what each part was attached to; for example, “Part #6: Hook at end of
arm on left hooks onto knob to right of Part #7.” Add a sketch if it helps.
►If you work systematically and understand the function of each part, you won’t be left with what seem to
be extra nuts and bolts at the end of the job.

5.When you’re ready to reassemble everything, begin with the last part you removed, and proceed
counterclockwise through the parts on the rag.
►If you’ve numbered the parts, they should go on in reverse order.

Electronic Appliance Testing: Equipment and Steps

Appliances with electrical problems can be a fire hazard or electrical shock risk. Even a refrigerator
or dishwasher can be dangerous if not properly tested and maintained.

Electronic appliance testing falls into two broad categories:

Hot test - tests made with power applied to the unit.

Cold tests - tests made with the unit unplugged.

What is Portable Appliance Testing?

Portable appliance testing is the visual examination and electrical testing of portable electrical
equipment used in industrial, commercial or public access areas and locations to ensure they are safe to
use, and cannot present an electrical hazard to the operator or anyone in their vicinity. Among the issues
that can arise are:
► Exposure to live, conductive parts due to damage to the outer casing of the equipment.
►Worn and/or frayed power cord.
►Defective, lose or missing earth/ground connections.
►Failure to identify and correct problems such as those listed above can result in the electrical equipment
becoming a shock hazard or a fire risk.
Many of these problems can be identified visually, but still often go unreported. Internal faults often
go undetected. Portable appliance testing involves performing a series of tests that, taken together, are
designed to identify any faults or product defects that would otherwise not be detected. In addition to
protecting personnel, regular safety checks of electrical equipment tend to increase the operational life of
that equipment. A portable appliance tester (PAT) allows the operator to make a number of safety tests with
a single instrument.
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Appliance Electronic Testing Steps

During appliance electronic testing processes, professionals typically measure three different
electrical parameters: continuity, voltage, and amperage.

Safety first: Do not touch any electronic components with your skin, do not touch the metal tips of the
multimeter leads, and do not touch the multimeter’s leads together. Electronic testing is a job for
experienced professionals.

1) Continuity
►Unplug the appliance first, and disconnect it from any water or gas lines.
►Turn your multimeter to the "ohms" function (Ω).
►Now test for electrical continuity of the switches, thermostats, and other contacts that are supposed to be
closed.
►To do this, touch one end of the multimeter’s lead to a terminal (the part’s contact point) and the other
end to the opposite contact point.
Closed contacts should read 2 ohms or less if they have proper continuity. If the ohms read higher
than 2, the electronic control you are testing should probably be replaced.
Some parts should have different resistance. Consult the manufacturer’s manual to make sure you’re
looking for the right ohms reading.

2) Voltage
►These steps can be taken after voltage in the outlet is already safely confirmed.
►First, make sure the appliance is turned off and plugged in.
►To see if there’s voltage running “downstream” of the outlet into the appliance, turn your multimeter to the
AC volts setting (ṽ).
►With the appliance turned off, touch the multimeter’s leads to the circuit. Read the voltage.
►The target voltage depends on the type of appliance you have and the components you’re testing.
►When testing voltages to electric dryer heating elements and electric range or stove elements, look for
240 volts AC.
►When testing for control voltages to solenoids, timers, and other components on your 220–240-volt
appliances, look for 250 volts AC.
►If the voltage reads lower than it should, you likely have one of these problems:
- A circuit issue - usually an open switch or thermostat or one with poor continuity.
- A bad wire connection - look for burnt or discolored wires.

3) Amperage
►Testing for amperage, or current, is another way of testing for continuity. The main difference is that
amperage tests are made with the appliance plugged in.
►Set the multimeter to the "amps" range (A), not the "milliamps" range.
►Turn off the appliance, and connect the multimeter to the circuit to be tested.
►Turn the appliance back on, and get the multimeter reading.
►Consult your appliance manual to see if the amps detected match the operating load of your unit.
If the amp reading is lower than it should be, there may be a failed component causing the
resistance to be higher. If the amperage is much too high, a failed part may be causing a short and
lowering the resistance.

Modern Appliances Are Complex

Most modern appliances have both AC and DC circuitry. AC runs high-load circuits like motors,
heaters, and compressors. DC circuits are then used to control the AC. For example, there might be 12vDC
and 5vDC circuits that run the computer and fine electronics; the computer monitors the high-current AC
components with a low-current wire and switches them on and off when necessary. Therefore, it can be
difficult to know where to start when performing electrical appliance testing because so many components
are interconnected.

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Operator Checks (Procedure)

All users of equipment must understand how important operator checks are.
Some equipment and environments may demand special needs but generally the following list is a typical
checklist that operators should be using.
1. Check the overall condition of the equipment for cracks/damage.
2. Check the supply cable, checking for cuts, abrasions, cracks, etc.
3. Look for signs of overheating.
4. Check it has a valid label indicating it has been formally inspected and tested.
5. Check the item is suitable for the environment.
6. Check the plug and make sure the cable is securely gripped and there is no mechanical damage.
7. Check that the ground pin has not been removed.
8. Check the socket outlet to make sure there are no signs of damage or overheating.
9. Check that the appliance is working correctly and as expected.

3Rs – Reduce, Reuse & Recycle

Tips on reducing waste and conserving resources.

The three R's – reduce, reuse and recycle – all help to cut down on the amount of waste we throw
away. They conserve natural resources, landfill space and energy. Plus, the three R's save land and money
communities must use to dispose of waste in landfills. Siting a new landfill has become difficult and more
expensive due to environmental regulations and public opposition.

REDUCE: The best way to manage waste is to not produce it. This can be done by shopping carefully and
being aware of a few guidelines:
►Buy products in bulk. Larger, economy-size products or ones in concentrated form use less packaging
and usually cost less per ounce.
►Avoid over-packaged goods, especially ones packed with several materials such as foil, paper, and
plastic. They are difficult to recycle, plus you pay more for the package.
►Avoid disposable goods, such as paper plates, cups, napkins, razors, and lighters. Throwaways
contribute to the problem, and cost more because they must be replaced again and again.
►Buy durable goods – ones that are well-built or that carry good warranties. They will last longer,
save money in the long run and save landfill space.
►At work, make two-sided copies whenever possible.
►Maintain central files rather than using several files for individuals.
►Use electronic mail or main bulletin board.
►Remove your name from the mailing lists of materials you no longer want to receive
►Use cloth napkins instead of paper napkins.
►Use a dish cloth instead of paper towels.

REUSE: It makes economic and environmental sense to reuse products. Sometimes it takes creativity:
►Reuse products for the same purpose. Save paper and plastic bags, and repair broken
appliances, furniture and toys.
►Reuse products in different ways. Use a coffee can to pack a lunch; use plastic microwave dinner trays
as picnic dishes.
►Sell old clothes, appliances, toys, and furniture in garage sales or ads, or donate them to charities.
►Use reseal able containers rather than plastic wrap.
►Use a ceramic coffee mug instead of paper cups.

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►Reuse grocery bags or bring your own cloth bags to the store. Do not take a bag from the store unless
you need one.

RECYCLE: Recycling is a series of steps that takes a used material and processes, remanufactures, and
sells it as a new product. Begin recycling at home and at work:
►Buy products made from recycled material. Look for the recycling symbol or ask store managers or
salesmen. The recycling symbol means one of two things
– either the product is made of recycled material, or the item can be recycled. For instance, many plastic
containers have a recycling symbol with a numbered code the identifies what type of plastic resin it is made
from. However, just because the container has this code does not mean it can be easily recycled locally.
►Check collection centers and curbside pickup services to see what they accept, and begin collecting
those materials. These can include metal cans, newspapers, paper products, glass, plastics and oil.
►Consider purchasing recycled materials at work when purchasing material for office supply, office
equipment or manufacturing.
►Speak to store managers and ask for products and packaging that help cut down on waste, such as
recycled products and products that are not over packaged.
►Buy products made from material that is collected for recycling in your community.
►Use recycled paper for letterhead, copier paper and newsletters.

Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is electrical and electronic equipment that is
broken or unwanted. It is important to dispose responsibly of any appliance that runs on electricity (or that
contains electrical parts) in order to avoid causing damage to the environment.

Common items of electrical and electronic waste include:

►Large household appliances (fridges, freezers, washing machines, dishwashers)
►Small household appliances (toasters, coffee makers, irons, hairdryers)
►Information technology (IT) and telecommunications equipment (PCs, phones, laptops,
►printers, scanners, photocopiers)
►Consumer equipment (TVs, stereo equipment, electric toothbrushes)
►Lighting equipment (fluorescent lamps)
►Electrical and electronic tools (handheld drills, saws, screwdrivers)
►Toys, leisure and sports equipment
►Medical equipment systems (except implanted or infected products)
►Monitoring and control instruments
►Automatic dispensers
►Batteries and accumulators

What are the main environmental concerns?

The main risks to the environment from WEEE are the depletion of natural resources and the
release of dangerous substances:
►If we send electrical and electronic products to landfill sites, we miss the opportunity to recover and reuse
millions of tons of materials. Recovery of these materials would mean we need to extract less raw material
to manufacture new products.
►Some electronic equipment and its components contain substances that are considered dangerous to the
environment and human health if they are disposed of carelessly. Although these dangerous substances
are usually present in only small amounts, they may leak into the soil, water or air and can cause serious
environmental damage.

How can WEEE be disposed of?

The three main ways to manage waste are landfill, incineration and recycling.
►Landfill is the disposal of waste material by burying it. Space at landfill sites is becoming scarce. WEEE
should not be put in landfill sites because of the harmful substances it contains.
►Incineration destroys materials by burning them at high temperatures.
►The recycling industry is complex. It includes large shredder operators and smaller specialist recyclers:
Shredders recover metals by putting items such as old cars and household appliances through
hammer mills (also known as fragmentizers).
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 Smaller recycling businesses may specialize in, for example, plastics recycling, refining precious
metals, or repair and refurbishment
Other recycling companies collect items for export to countries that have more advanced recycling
systems or that can extract components and reusable materials from the waste.

Good housekeeping: this covers several areas, but most of it is logical common sense.

The following is a guide to what should be checked:

►Adequate space around the equipment for ventilation/cooling.

► Easily accessible means of disconnection/isolation from the supply.
► The equipment is operated with all protective covers located correctly
and any interlocks operational.
►There are no unprotected cable runs under carpets.
► Minimum use of extension cords and multiway adapters.
► Cables are not located where they are likely to be damaged or create
trip hazards.
► Drinks, plants and work materials are not placed where they could spill
into equipment.

Name: _________________________________________________Date: ______________

Grade/Block: ____________________________________Adviser: ______________

III. ACTIVITIES (Use separate sheet for your answer)

Directions: Identify the following.

1. Is the strength of a current of electricity expressed in amperes.

2. This equipment is securely installed in one location.
3. Is a quick check to see if a circuit is open or closed.
4 These appliances are ones that can be easily moved while they are energized.
5. An operational test to ensure the asset works as it should without drawing excessive current from the
supply hazard.
6. To check that the equipment case and all exposed metal parts are isolated from earth/ground.
7. This equipment weighs over 40 lbs. and is not provided with a carrying handle.
8. To verify the integrity of exposed metalwork on grounded appliances.
9. To check that the equipment case and all exposed metal parts are isolated from earth/ground, by use of
a safe test voltages as an added protection against seriously faulted test items.
10. To measure the difference in current between live and neutral conductor during operation.

III. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT (Use separate sheet for your answer)

I - Directions: Read the definition in column 1. Find the answer on column 2.

Column 1 Column 2
_____1. Is the visual examination and electrical testing of portable A. Good housekeeping
electrical equipment used in industrial, commercial or public
access? B. Portable appliance
_____2. Tests made with power applied to the unit. testing
_____3. The best way to manage waste is to not produce it. C.WEEE
_____4. It makes economic and environmental sense to reuse D. Reduce
products.
_____5. Is a series of steps that takes a used material and E. Incineration
processes, remanufactures, and sells it as a new product?
_____6. Tests made with the unit unplugged. F. Cold tests
_____7. Is electrical and electronic equipment that is broken or G. Reuse
unwanted.
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_____8. Is the disposal of waste material by burying it. Space at H. Landfill
landfill sites is becoming scarce.
_____9. Destroys materials by burning them at high temperatures. I. Recycling
_____10. This covers several areas, but most of it is logical J. Hot test
common sense.

II - Directions: Arrange the Steps for Disassembling and Reassembling Parts. Use number 1 - 5 to
represent your answer.

_____ As you remove each part, note where the part came from, how it was attached, and how tightly it
was fastened or screwed down.
_____ If you’re making notes, assign each part a number indicating the order in which you removed it - Part
#1, Part #2, and so on.
_____ When you’re ready to reassemble everything, begin with the last part you removed, and proceed
counterclockwise through the parts on the rag.
_____ Lay a clean, lint-free rag down on a flat surface, near enough to reach without having to get up or
walk to it.
_____ As you remove each part, lay it down on the rag in clockwise order, with each part pointing in the
direction it was in before you removed it

B. Performance Task

Directions: Expound the following questions.

1. What is Portable Appliance Testing?

_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

2. How can WEEE be disposed of?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________

References:
https://www.dummies.com/home-garden/car-repair/steps-for-disassembling-and-reassembling-
parts-with-ease/
https://www.mrappliance.com/expert-tips/appliance-care/how-to-make-electric-tests/
https://www.instrumart.com/assets/Megger-Portable-Appliance-Testing-Guide.pdf

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