Chapter 2

Laplace and Inverse Laplace Transforms

Laplace Transform
is the process of transforming a given function from real time domain to a new function in the
complex frequency domain. Let f(t) be the real time domain of the given function.

∞
L f(t) = F(s) = ∫0 f(t)e− st dt; s = (φ + jω) and j = −1

where: f(t) = the original function in the time domain

F(s) = the new function in the complex frequency domain
e-st = kernel of transformation

Laplace Transforms

Example 1
Find the Laplace transform of h(t) = 3etsin5t

L h(t) = L [3etsin5t]
 5 
H(s) = 3  
 ( s − 1) + 52 
2

15
H(s) =
( s − 1) + 25
2

Example 2
( t − 2 )3 , t > 2;
Find the Laplace transform of h(t) = 2 
0 , t < 2.
∞
( t − 2)
2
H(s) = 2∫ 0 dt + 2∫
3
e − st dt
0 2

∞
 ( t − 2 )3 e − st 3 ( t − 2 )2 e − st 6 ( t − 2 ) e − st 6e− st 
H(s) = 2 − − − − 4 
 s s2 s3 s 
2
 6e −2s 
H(s) = 2  −0 − 0 − 0 − 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 
 s 

12e−2s
H(s) =
s4

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Exercises

Find the Laplace transform of each of the following functions and simplify the result.
2a
1. f(t) = 2(1–e-at) F(s) =
s(s + a)

2. f(t) = 2e-2t(3cos6t – 5sin6t) F(s) = 2

( 6s − 48 )
s + 4s + 40
12
3. f(t) = 2t3e-4t F(s) =
(s + 4)4
1 π
4. f(t) = 2e−3t t 2
F(s) = 3
(s + 3) 2

0 t<3 4e−3s
5. g(t) = 4  ( t −3 ) G(s) =
e t≥3 (s − 1)
  π π
cos 2  t − 3  t ≥ 3 −πs

6. g(t) =    se 3
G(s) = 2
 π (s + 4)
0 t<
 3
0 t<5 4e−5s
7. g(t) = 2  G(s) =
( t − 5 )
2
t≥5 s3
 ( s − 2) ( s − 2 ) 
8. g(t) = 2e2tsin4tsin3t G(s) =  −
 ( s − 2 ) + 1 ( s − 2 ) + 49 
2 2

−t 4.5 4.5
9. h(t) = 3e 2
sin3t sinh7t =H(s) −
(s − 6.5) + 9 (s + 7.5)2 + 9
2

j2
10. h(t) = e2tsinj2t H(s) =
s (s − 4)

Product Identities

sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A − B )
1. sin A cosB =
2
sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B )
2. cos A sinB =
2
cos ( A − B ) + cos ( A + B )
3. cos A cosB =
2
cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B )
4. sin A sinB =
2

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 Table of Laplace and Inverse Laplace Transforms
Time Domain Complex Frequency Domain
Functions
f(t) F(s) = L f(t)
Unit Impulse Ø(t) 1
Unit Step µ (t) 1s
(Heaviside)
µ ( t − a) e −as s
Unit Ramp t 1 s2
n!
Polynomial tn
sn+1
π
t1/2
4s3
π
t (-1/2)
s
 1
(n− 1 ) (1)(3)(5)....(2n − 1) π  −n− 2 
t 2 (n = 1, 2...) 2n
s

−
1
Exponential e + kt
(s +− k)
kth Order −
n!
t n e + kt
Exponential (s − k)n+1
+

b
Sine Wave sin bt
s + b2
2

s
Cosine Wave cos bt
s + b2
2

b
sinh bt
s − b2
2

s
cosh bt
s − b2
2

−
b
Damped Sine Wave e + kt sinbt +
(s − k)2 + b2
Damped Cosine − (s +− k)
+ kt
e cosbt
Wave (s +− k)2 + b2
− b
e + kt sinhbt +
(s k)2 − b2
−

− (s +− k)
e + kt coshbt
(s +− k)2 − b2
2bs
t sin bt
(s + b2 )2
2

(s2 − b2 )
t cos bt
(s2 + b2 )2
2b3
sin bt – bt cosbt
(s2 + b2 )2

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