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Biochemical Tests

The document describes tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in samples. It provides procedures for glucose, starch, protein and lipid tests using chemical reagents and observations. Sample preparation and control steps are included to identify each macromolecule.

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Unza Waqar
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36 views3 pages

Biochemical Tests

The document describes tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in samples. It provides procedures for glucose, starch, protein and lipid tests using chemical reagents and observations. Sample preparation and control steps are included to identify each macromolecule.

Uploaded by

Unza Waqar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical: Biochemical Tests for the Presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids

Introduction:

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are essential components of a healthy diet. Scientists have
designed tests to determine the presence of these nutrients in food. Such information may help to
maintain a balance intake of the macromolecules. In this lab you will use chemical tests to verify
the presence of these nutrients in known samples. You will then use these tests to determine the
presence of carbohydrates (simple sugars and starches), lipids (fats and oils) and protein in food
samples that are provided.

Purpose:

To test the presence of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the provided sample.

Apparatus: test tubes, test tubes holders, beakers, spatula, Bunsen burner, match box, weighing
balance, filter papers (2cm* 2cm), dropper, pipette.

Procedure:

1. Tests for Carbohydrates

i. Glucose Test: Test for Simple Sugar (using a known sugar)

 purpose, mechanism, chemical equation

Sample preparation: 3 % sucrose solution (3g of sucrose in 100 ml of water).

Preparation of Benedict (Fehling’s) reagent: 85 ml of water+ 10 g of sodium carbonate+


17.3g of sodium citrate, stir it well. Now, add 1.7 g copper sulphate (anhydrous) in 10 ml of
water, stir it well. Mix the two solution which is termed as Benedict (Fehling’s) solution.

Sr.n
Experiment Observation Inference
o
2ml of 3 % of sucrose solution+ Blue to green, to orange, to Carbohydrates are
2ml of Benedict reagent brisk- red confirmed.
Green indicates 0.5- 1
% glucose
Light orange to pure
orange indicates 2 %
glucose
Brisk- red indicates
more than 2%
glucose. Its 2.5 % in
case of sucrose.

2ml of dis. water (CONTROL)+


Carbohydrates are
2ml of Benedict reagent No color change (Blue
absent.
Heat for 5min, observe the color colour will be retained)
change in the test tubes.

ii. Iodine Test: Test for Starch (using a known starch)

 purpose, mechanism, chemical equation

Sample preparation: Plant leaves extract can be prepared by grinding the leaves, mix them in
ethanol (water can be used instead).

Sr.no Experiment Observation Inference


2ml of sample (plant extract)+ 1-
i. Brown to black/ blue colour Starch is confirmed.
3 drops of iodine solution
2ml of dis. water (CONTROL)+
1-3 drops of iodine solution.
No color change (Brown
Shake the solutions well, observe Starch is absent.
colour will be retained)
the colour change in the test
tubes.

2. Test for Proteins (using a known protein)

Sample: Milk

Sr.no Experiment Observation Inference


2ml of sample (milk)+ 2ml of (10 Biuret solution will change
Proteins are
i. % NaOH) solution. Add one drop its colour from blue to pink
confirmed.
along the walls of the test tube. or purple- violet color.
2ml of dis. water (CONTROL)+ No color change (Blue Proteins are absent.
2ml of (10 % NaOH) solution. colour will be retained)
Add one drop along the walls of
the test tube.
Shake it well. Record the color
change in the test tubes.

3. Spot test: Test for Lipids (using a known lipid)

 purpose, mechanism, chemical equation

Sample: Cooking oil

Sr.no Experiment Observation Inference


Place a drop of cooking oil on a
Paper will become
i. piece of filter paper. Spread it translucent (Light passes Lipids are confirmed.
thinly over a small area. through the paper).

Repeat the process on another


piece of filter paper but use water
(CONTROL). Allow drying time
(you can speed this up by waving
Paper remains opaque. Lipids are absent.
the paper in the air. Compare the
pieces of papers. Paste the both
filter papers along with the
experiment.

 Conclusion
 Biosafety rules

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