APPLICATION OF

ROBOTS
 CONTENTS

1.ARC WELDING,SPOT WELDING

2.SPRAY PAINTING
3.MILLING
4.UNDER WATER APPLICATIONS
5.MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
6.SPACE APPLICATIONS
 WELDING
► Robot welding is a process of joining different
materials.
► The large bunch of materials that are welded are
metals and their alloys although welding is also
applied to the joining of other materials such as
thermoplastics.
► Welding joins different metals or alloys with help
of a number of processes in which heat is
supplied either electrically or by means of a gas
torch
WHY ROBOT ARC WELDING?

► Arc welding is performed by skilled workers who are assisted by a

person called fitter.
► The purpose of the fitter is to organize the work and fixture the parts
of the welder.
► The working condition of the welder is typically unpleasant and
hazardous.
► The arc from the welding process emits ultra-violet radiations which
is injurious to human vision.
► As a result welders are required to wear eye protection in the form
of a welding helmet with a dark window. Because of the hazards for
human workers in continuous arc welding, it is logical to consider
industrial robots
BENEFITS OF ROBOT ARC WELDING

► GREATER QUALITY OF
PRODUCT
► IMPROVED SAFTEY AND
QUALITY-OFWORK LIFE
► HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY
FEATURES OF ARC WELDING ROBOT

► WORK VOLUME AND DEGREES OF

FREEDOM
► MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM
► PRECISION OF MOTION
► PROGRAMMING
► INTERFACE WITH OTHER SYSTEM
ARC WELDING ROBOT
ROBOT SPOT WELDING
► •For larger works on spot welding the welding guns with cables
attached is quite heavy and can easily exceed 100lb in weight.
► To assist the operator in manipulating the gun, the apparatus is
suspended from an overhead hoist system.
► Even with this assistance, the spot-welding gun represents a heavy
mass and is difficult to manipulate by a human worker at high rates
of production desired on a car body assembly line.
► There are often problems with the consistency of the welded
products made on such a manual line as a consequence of this
difficulty.
► As a result of these difficulties robots have been employed with
great success on this type of production line to perform some or all
of the welding operation.
BENEFITS OF ROBOT SPOT
WELDING
► IMPROVED PRODUCT

► QUALITY OPERATOR

► SAFETY BETTER CONTROL OVER

PRODUCTION OPERATION
FEATURES
► Robots must be relatively large. It must have sufficient payload
capacity to readily manipulate the welding gun for the application.
► The work volume must be adequate for the size of the product.
► The robot must be able to position and orient the welding gun in
places on the product that might be difficult to access. This might
result in need for an increased number of freedoms.
► The controller memory must have enough capacity to accomplish
the many positioning steps required for the spot-welding cycle.
SPOT WELDING ROBOT
SPRAY
PAINTING
Every metallic material will
be painted at the final
stage of production in
order to protect it from
corrosion. In an
automobile industry, the
finished metals are
painted with different
colors for attracting the
customers.
WHY ROBOT FOR SPRAY
PAINTING?
► The spray coating method is the harmful process in the
painting operation. It causes a lot of dangers to the
human workers such as:
► Production of fire during the combination of flammable
paint and air.
► Emission of toxic fumes and mist in the environment.
•Possibility of cancer disease.
► Noise from the spray gun nozzle will cause hearing
problems.
 WORKING OF SPRAY PAINTING
ROBOT

► This robot attaches a spray gun on its wrist and acts like
an end effector. The operation is programmed by a
human with the help of teach – through methods. A
robot must have several necessities such as two or more
program storage, continuous path control, manual lead
through programming method, and hydraulic drive
system for carrying out this process. This type of robots is
mostly used in automobile industries for painting the
exterior and interior parts of a car.
ADVANTAGES OF SPRAY
PAINTING ROBOT

► High consistency
► Better productivity
► Increased labors safety
► Less power consumption
► Minimizes the use of paint
SPRAY PAINTING ROBOT
ROBOT
MILLING
Milling robots are capable of
producing the highest quality complex
& unusual geometries and bring CNC
type production methods to large
scale fabrication and sculpting.
Automated robot milling systems can
have flexible tooling and cutting
systems designed to cater to specific
material removal methods. This can
include Milling, Grinding, Sanding,
Edge Trimming, Hot Wire Cutting or
Hot Knife Cutting.
ADVANTAGES OF MILLING

► Increased flexibility
► size of the objects made can be
larger
► Cheaper than equivalent sized CNC.
UNDERWATER ROBOTS
► Underwater robots do a lot these days. They can be
programmed to go to remote, dangerous, and often
previously unexplored parts of the ocean to measure its key
characteristics—from salinity and temperature to the speed
and direction of currents. They map the seafloor and benthic
environments in outstanding detail. And, they find
things—from shipwrecks and downed war planes to the
billowing plumes of hydrothermal vents in the deep sea.
DIFEERENT TYPES OF UNDERWATER
ROBOTS
1. Micro – Micro class are very small in size and weight. They can weigh less than 3kg and are
used as an alternative to a diver, specifically in places where a diver might not physically
enter, such as a sewer, pipeline, or small cavity.
2. Mini – Mini Class weigh around 15kg. They are also used as a diver alternative. A single
person can transport the complete ROV system on a small boat, deploy it and complete
the job without outside help.
3. General – They typically have less than 5HP (propulsion), manipulators, grippers, and a
sonar unit used on light survey applications. The maximum depth is less than 1,000
meters.
4. Light Work class – They typically have less than 50HP (propulsion). They carry
manipulators and are made from polymers such as polyethylene rather than conventional
alloys. They have a maximum working depth of less than 2000 m.
5. Heavy Work class – They typically have less than 220HP (propulsion) with the ability to
carry at least two manipulators. They have a working depth of up to 3500 m.
6. Trenching/Burial – They typically have more than 200hp (propulsion) and not usually
greater than 500 HP with an ability to carry a cable laying sled and work at depths up to
6000 m in some cases.
APPLICATIONS OF UNDERWATER
ROBOTS

► Underwater robots currently play prominent roles in several

scientific, commercial, and military tasks. They are increasingly
used to relieve the burden on human operators and to improve
performance.
► AUVs are used almost exclusively for survey work, but sampling
and other intervention tasks are becoming more feasible.
► The goal is not only for these robotic vehicles to replace human
divers or human-occupied vehicles but also to enable an entirely
new generation of subsea equipment serviced without
intervention by drillships or other heavy-lifting vessels.
UNDERWATER ROBOTS
MEDICAL MICROBOTS AND
ROBOTS
► Tasks:
► I. Obtaining and measuring data by sensing
► II. Collecting samples
► III. Recording Transferring images to a Central Control
Station.
► A Microbot is also contain a mobile communication
module by means of which it can receive commands
from the control centers and send responses.
MEDICAL MICROBOTS
SUBSYSTEMS OF MICROBOTS

A microbot system is composed of four

fundamental subsystems
1) Mobility
2) Power
3) Communication
4) Control and Computation
5) Sensors.
MEDICAL
ROBOTS
Medical robots allow surgeons to
more dexterously manipulate
surgical instruments or catheters
inside the patient's body during
minimally invasive surgeries.
During robotic procedures,
surgeons control the surgical
instruments with joysticks or
telemanipulators as easily as
moving virtual objects in computer
games.
SPACE ROBOTS

► The Space Robotics Technical Committee has two

main areas of interest: Microgravity and Planetary
Robotics. Microgravity Robotics includes
manipulation and mobility for scenarios such as
International Space Station (ISS) operations and
satellite servicing. Planetary Robot systems
address scenarios such as Mars and lunar
exploration using manipulation or mobility on or
near the surface.
MICRO GRAVITY ROBOTS
For Microgravity Robotics the space environment (radiation, contamination
sensitivity, thermal extremes, etc.) poses unique challenges to robot and robot
algorithms. Despite this, it is expected that the robotics discipline will find
increasing importance in coming years, particularly as the opportunities for
human-robot and robot-robot cooperation arise in space exploration. Priority
areas for this technical committee include:
• Electromechanical design and control.
• Microgravity locomotion.
• Machine vision for inspection and assembly, including compensation for
stark lighting, glare, glint, and deep shadows.
• Command and control interfaces, including teleoperated modes.
• Power sources and consumable recharging techniques.
• Radiation hardening and effects on processing throughput.
• Thermal considerations in space robot design.
TYPES OF ORBITAL ROBOTS SENT
TO SPACE
• DLR ROTEX (1993) – 6 DOF autonomous manipulation experiment on ISS
• JAXA ETS-VII (1997-1999) – first satellite to be equipped with a robotic arm.
• CSA Canadarm 2 (2001) – service crane for the ISS assembly and maintenance.
• DLR ROKVISS (2005-2010) – a 2 DOF manipulation hardware test bed outside ISS
• MIT SPHERES (2006-present) – internal microsatellite testbeds aboard ISS.
• JAXA JEM-RMS (2009) – service arm on ISS.
• DARPA Orbital Express (2007) – autonomous satellite grappling.
• CSA Dextre (2008-present) – dual-armed external support system on ISS
• NASA JSC Robonaut 2 (2010-present) – dual-armed experimental system internal to ISS
• NASA GSFC Robotic Refueling Mission (2013) – ISS manipulation experiments.
• NASA Raven (2016) – ISS autonomous navigation and guidance system technology demonstrator. 
• NASA Restore-L (2020) –satellite refueling mission.
• DARPA Phoenix Mission (2020) – multiple satellite repairs.
SPACE ROBOTS