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Principles of Surveying - Part 1

The document discusses different types of surveying work and methods. Ground surveying is done directly on the Earth's surface and can be divided into geodetic and plane surveying based on the area surveyed. Plane surveying is further divided based on purpose into topographic, hydrographic, route, cadastral, and construction surveying. [

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Jerzy Mae Glorioso
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67 views22 pages

Principles of Surveying - Part 1

The document discusses different types of surveying work and methods. Ground surveying is done directly on the Earth's surface and can be divided into geodetic and plane surveying based on the area surveyed. Plane surveying is further divided based on purpose into topographic, hydrographic, route, cadastral, and construction surveying. [

Uploaded by

Jerzy Mae Glorioso
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GNIYEVRUS A 410HCRA

PRINCIPLES
OF
SURVEYING
NOISSUCSID
FO STNIOP
History of Surveying

Surveying Definition Review

Works Required Surveying

Types of Surveying

Surveying Instruments

Scale of Survey

Units of Measurements

Types of Errors

Accuracy and Precision

Field Notes
HISTORY OF
SURVEYING
Surveying had it's beginning in Egypt
about 1400 BC

Land along the Nile River was divided for

taxation, divisions were washed away by

annual flood.

"ROPE-STRETCHERS" Egyptian surveyors


were created to relocate the land

divisions (measurements were made with

ropes having knots at unit distances .


Surveying has traditionally been defines as the
art and science of measuring distances, angles,

and positions, on or near the surface of the earth.

GNIYEVRUS

Surveying (geomatics) can be regarded as that


discipline which includes all methods for
DENIFED

measuring and collecting information about the

physical earth and our environment, processing

that information, and spreading a variety of

resulting products to a wide range of clients.


EXAMPLES FOR ENGINEERING
WORK REQUIRE SURVEYING:
1. DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF POINTS ON THE

EARTH'S SURFACE.

2. DETERMINE THE ELEVATION OF A POINT.

3. COLLECT DATA FOR A SURFACE PLOT.

4. MAPPING THE LOCATION OF UTILITIES.

5. CALCULATE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO

POINTS.

6. DETERMINE THE POSITION OF BOUNDARY

LINES.

7. DETERMINE AREAS OF THE LAND.


TYPES OF SURVEYING

CLASSIFICATION
1. DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF SURVEY,
SURVEYING CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO:
A.) AERIAL SURVEY

is the one carried out in the air or space with

the use of aircraft or satelites. In this method, the

eatures to be surveyed are photographed or sensed

using camera or sensor, then the required information

are collected by doing some measurement on the

photographs or image.

B.) GROUND SURVEY

is the kind of survey that takes place on the

surface of the earth. In this type of surveying, the

features to be surveyed are directly measured by

physically touching them.


2. GROUND SURVEYING CAN BE
DIVIDED INTO TWO MAJOR SUB
AREAS BASED ON THE AREA TO BE
SURVEYED:
A.) GEODETIC SURVEY

it deals with large area of the earth such as the

surveys of countries and the earth carviture must be taken

into consideration, it is highly accurate type of survey.

Usually the scale of the resulting map is small.

B.) PLANE SURVEY

is the science of measuring and representing

natural and artificial features on the ground in a limitted

area, regarding the earth as flat. Plane survey deals with

the relatively small area. It is assumed that the palne

surveying method can be applied to an area up to 250

km2. Plane surveying is employed in architectural,

engineering and explanatory activities.


3. BASED ON PURPOSE OF SURVEYING, PLANE
SURVEYING CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING
TYPES:
1. Topographic Survey

2. Hydrographic Survey

3. Route Survey

4. Cadastral Survey

5. Construction Survey
1.TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
IT DETERMINES THE POSITION AND SHAPE OF

NATURAL AND MAN MADE FEATURES OVER A GIVEN

AREA, USUALLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING

A MAP OF AN AREA.
2. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
PRELIMINARY SURVEYS THAT ARE USED TO TIE

UNDERWATER FEATURES TO SURFACECONTROL

POINTS. IT DEFINES SHORELINES AND DEPTHS OF

LAKES, STREAMS, OCEANS, RESERVOIRS, AND

OTHER BODIES OF WATER.


3. ROUTE SURVEY
PRELIMINARY, LAYOUT, AND CONTROL SURVEYS,

THAT RANGE OVER A NARROW BUT LONG STRIP OF

LAND. TYPICAL PROJECTS THAT REQUIRE ROUTE

SURVEY ARE HIGHWAYS, RAILROADS, ELECTRICITY

TRANSMISSION
4. CATASDRAL SURVEY (PROPERTY SURVEY)
PRELIMINARY, LAYOUT, AND CONTROL SURVEYS

THAT ARE INVLVED IN DETERMINING BOUNDARY

LOCATIONS OR IN SETTING OUT NEW PROPERTY

BOUNDARIES.
5. CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
LAYOUT SURVEYS FOR ENGINEERING WORKS ( LINE, GRADE

CONTROL ELEVATIONS, HORIZONTAL POSITIONS, AND

CONFIGURATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS). THEY

ALSO SECURE DATA FOR COMPUTING CONSTRUCTION PAY

QUANTITIES.
SURVEYING
INSTRUMENT
THEODOLITE

measure horizontal

and vetical angles.


THE LEVEL

AND ROD

measure difference

in elevations.
STEEL TAPE

measure horizontal

and slope distance.


TOTAL

STATION

measure horizontal

and vertical angles.

Also measure

horizontal and slope

distances..
GPS

(global positioning

system) recievers..
QUIZ NO 1

15 ITEMS
IDENTIFICATION

TYPE CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY


PLATE NO.

SURVEYING
INSTRUMENTS
DEADLINE: March 13, 2022 (11:59PM)

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