Scribd
Upload
100 views18 pages

Vapor Compression Refrigeration System

The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a reversed Carnot cycle.

Uploaded by

Ken God
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100 views18 pages

Vapor Compression Refrigeration System

The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a reversed Carnot cycle.

Uploaded by

Ken God
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

VAPOR COMPRESSION

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
VAPOR COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Most common refrigeration cycle in use today
There are four principal
control volumes involving
these components:
• Evaporator
• Compressor
• Condenser
• Expansion valve
Two-phase
liquid-vapor mixture

All energy transfers by work and heat are taken as positive in


the directions of the arrows on the schematic and energy
balances are written accordingly.
THE VAPOR-COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
• The processes of this cycle are
Process 4-1: two-phase liquid-vapor
mixture of refrigerant is evaporated
through heat transfer from the
refrigerated space.
Process 1-2: vapor refrigerant is
compressed to a relatively high
temperature and pressure requiring
work input. Two-phase
liquid-vapor mixture
Process 2-3: vapor refrigerant
condenses to liquid through heat
transfer to the cooler surroundings.
Process 3-4: liquid refrigerant
expands to the evaporator pressure.
THE VAPOR-COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Performance parameters
Coefficient of Performance (COP)

Carnot Coefficient of Performance

This equation represents the maximum theoretical


coefficient of performance of any refrigeration cycle
operating between cold and hot regions at TC and TH,
respectively.
FEATURES OF
ACTUAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE
Heat transfers between refrigerant and cold and warm regions are not
reversible.

• Refrigerant temperature in
evaporator is less than TC.
• Refrigerant temperature in
condenser is greater than TH.
• Irreversible heat transfers have
negative effect on
performance.
FEATURES OF
ACTUAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE
The COP decreases – primarily due to increasing compressor
work input – as the
• temperature of the refrigerant
passing through the evaporator Trefrigerant ↑
is reduced relative to the
temperature of the cold region,
T C.
• temperature of the refrigerant
passing
Trefrigerant ↓

through the condenser is increased relative to the


temperature of the warm region, TH.
FEATURES OF
ACTUAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE
Irreversibilities during the compression process are suggested by dashed
line from state 1 to state 2.

• An increase in specific entropy accompanies an


adiabatic irreversible compression process. The
work input for compression process 1-2 is
greater than for the counterpart isentropic
compression process 1-2s.

• Since process 4-1, and thus the refrigeration capacity,


is the same for cycles 1-2-3-4-1 and 1-2s-3-4-1, cycle
1-2-3-4-1 has the lower COP.
ISENTROPIC COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY
The isentropic compressor efficiency is the ratio of the minimum theoretical
work input to the actual work input, each per unit of mass flowing:

work required in an isentropic compression from


compressor inlet state to the exit pressure

(Eq. 6.48)

work required in an actual compression from


compressor inlet state to exit pressure
Other Refrigeration Cycles

Cascade refrigeration systems

Very low temperatures can be achieved by operating two or more vapor-compression


systems in series, called cascading. The COP of a refrigeration system also
increases as a result of cascading.
Multistage compression refrigeration systems
Multipurpose refrigeration systems

A refrigerator with a single compressor can provide refrigeration at several


temperatures by throttling the refrigerant in stages.
Liquefaction of gases

Another way of improving the performance of a vapor-compression refrigeration


system is by using multistage compression with regenerative cooling. The vapor-
compression refrigeration cycle can also be used to liquefy gases after some
modifications.
SELECTING REFRIGERANTS
►Refrigerant selection is based on several
factors:
►Performance: provides adequate cooling
capacity cost-effectively.
►Safety: avoids hazards (i.e., toxicity).
►Environmental impact: minimizes harm to
stratospheric ozone layer and reduces
negative impact to global climate change.
REFRIGERANT TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a simplified index that estimates the potential
future influence on global warming associated with different gases when released
to the atmosphere.
REFRIGERANT TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs) are early synthetic refrigerants each containing chlorine.
Because of the adverse effect of chlorine on Earth’s stratospheric
ozone layer, use of these refrigerants is regulated by international
agreement.
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and HFC blends are chlorine-free
refrigerants. Blends combine two or more HFCs. While these
chlorine-free refrigerants do not contribute to ozone depletion, with
the exception of R-1234yf, they have high GWP levels.
• Natural refrigerants are nonsynthetic, naturally occurring
substances which serve as refrigerants. These include carbon
dioxide, ammonia, and hydrocarbons. These refrigerants feature
low GWP values; still, concerns have been raised over the toxicity
of NH3 and the safety of the hydrocarbons.
VCR USED FOR COOLING

Observation:
R
The concept of an efficiency being greater than 100%
makes people uneasy. Therefore, the conversion
efficiency for a refrigerator is called the Cooling
Coefficient of Performance (COPC). A refrigeration
system that is used for cooling is called a refrigerator.
ASSESMENT

In a refrigeration system, the expansion device is connected between the

(A) Compressor and condenser


(B) Condenser and receiver
(C) Receiver and evaporator
(D) Evaporator and compressor
ASSESMENT
The vapour compression refrigerator employs the following cycle

(A) Rankine
(B) Carnot
(C) Reversed Rankine
(D) Reversed Carnot

You might also like