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Induction Motor

This document provides an overview of the EEE 363 Induction Motor class including: - The class schedule, instructor information, and acknowledgments. - A basic explanation of 3-phase induction motors including their components, construction, and working principle whereby a rotating magnetic field induces current in the rotor to generate torque. - Details on induction motor speed, slip, rotor frequency, and examples demonstrating calculations related to synchronous speed, rotor speed, rotor frequency, and torque.

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md hamim pavel
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80 views26 pages

Induction Motor

This document provides an overview of the EEE 363 Induction Motor class including: - The class schedule, instructor information, and acknowledgments. - A basic explanation of 3-phase induction motors including their components, construction, and working principle whereby a rotating magnetic field induces current in the rotor to generate torque. - Details on induction motor speed, slip, rotor frequency, and examples demonstrating calculations related to synchronous speed, rotor speed, rotor frequency, and torque.

Uploaded by

md hamim pavel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE 363

INDUCTION MOTOR

Class Schedule : MW 1:00 PM – 2:40 PM

Instructor : Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba


Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Office: SAC-1010B
Email: [email protected]

Acknowledgement: Dr. Mithulan Nadarajah


The University of Queensland, Australia
2

Basic Principle of 3-Phase Induction Motor


• Invented by Nicholas Tesla in 1888
• Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
• Containing both stationary and rotating parts in the construction
• Stationary part- Stator
Rotating part – Rotor
• Stator- 3 blocks of iron each 120 degree apart, carries wounded coils
• Coils are supplied by 3-phase electric power
• Rotor situated inside stator, rotates due to electromagnetic induction

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


3

Working Principle of Induction Motor


4

Working Principle of Induction Motor


5

Working Principle of Induction Motor


• Three-phase induction motors are the most common
and frequently encountered machines in industry
• simple design, rugged, low-price, easy maintenance
• wide range of power ratings: fractional horsepower to 10 MW
• run essentially as constant speed from zero to full load
• speed is power source frequency dependent
• not easy to have variable speed control
• requires a variable-frequency power-electronic drive for optimal speed
control
6

Working Principle of Induction Motor


• a revolving rotor
• composed of punched laminations, stacked to create a series of rotor
slots, providing space for the rotor winding
• one of two types of rotor windings
• conventional 3-phase windings made of insulated wire (wound-rotor) »
similar to the winding on the stator
• aluminum bus bars shorted together at the ends by two aluminum
rings, forming a squirrel-cage shaped circuit (squirrel-cage)
• Two basic design types depending on the rotor design
• squirrel-cage
• wound-rotor
7

Construction

Squirrel cage rotor

Wound rotor

Notice the
slip rings
8

Construction
Slip rings

Cutaway in a
typical wound-
rotor IM.
Notice the
brushes and
the slip rings

Brushe
s
9

Principle of operation

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


Principle of operation
• This rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor windings and
produces an induced voltage in the rotor windings
• Due to the fact that the rotor windings are short circuited,
for both squirrel cage and wound-rotor, and induced
current flows in the rotor windings
• The rotor current produces another magnetic field
• A torque is produced as a result of the interaction of
those two magnetic fields

 ind  kBR  Bs
Where ind is the induced torque and BR and BS are the
magnetic flux densities of the rotor and the stator
respectively
Induction motor speed
• At what speed will the IM run?
• Can the IM run at the synchronous speed, why?
• If rotor runs at the synchronous speed, which is the same
speed of the rotating magnetic field, then the rotor will appear
stationary to the rotating magnetic field and the rotating
magnetic field will not cut the rotor. So, no induced current will
flow in the rotor and no rotor magnetic flux will be produced so
no torque is generated and the rotor speed will fall below the
synchronous speed
• When the speed falls, the rotating magnetic field will cut the
rotor windings and a torque is produced

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQqyGNOP_3o
Induction motor speed
• So, the IM will always run at a speed lower than the
synchronous speed
• The difference between the motor speed and the
synchronous speed is called the Slip

nslip  nsync  nm
Where nslip= slip speed
nsync= speed of the magnetic field
nm = mechanical shaft speed of the motor
The Slip
nsync  nm
s
nsync

Where s is the slip


Notice that : if the rotor runs at synchronous speed
s=0
if the rotor is stationary
s=1
Slip may be expressed as a percentage by multiplying the
above eq. by 100, notice that the slip is a ratio and doesn’t
have units
Example 7-1 (pp.387-388)
A 208-V, 10hp, four pole, 60 Hz, Y-connected induction
motor has a full-load slip of 5 percent
1. What is the synchronous speed of this motor?
2. What is the rotor speed of this motor at rated load?
3. What is the rotor frequency of this motor at rated load?
4. What is the shaft torque of this motor at rated load?
Solution
120 f e 120(60)
1. nsync    1800 rpm
P 4
2.
nm  (1  s )ns
 (1  0.05)  1800  1710 rpm
3.
f r  sf e  0.05  60  3Hz
4.

Pout Pout
 load  
m 2 nm
60
10 hp  746 watt / hp
  41.7 N .m
1710  2  (1/ 60)
Problem
Slip and its effect on rotor frequency
Effect of slip on rotor voltage
19

• A three phase, 230V, 60Hz,100hp, six pole induction motor operating at


rated condition has an efficiency of 91% and draws a line current of 248A.
The core loss, stator copper loss and rotor conductor loss are 1697W,
2803W and 1549W, respectively. Determine (a) power input (b) total losses
(c) air-gap power (d) shaft speed (e) power factor (f) combined windage,
friction, and stray load loss (g) shaft torque

• Relevant problems 4.10,4.11,4.12,4.13-4.17.

Dr. Sharnali Islam, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


20

Single Phase Induction Motor (Book- L. Kosow)


- No rotating
magnetic field
- No starting torque
- Split the stator
winding in two
parts
- Parallel winding
both connected to
AC supply
- Main or running and
auxiliary winding

- Double Revolving Field Theory


- Cross Field Theory

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


21

- Starting winding(auxiliary) and


running winding(main)
- IsCosƟ = IrSinƟ
Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU
22

Dr. Sharnali Islam, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


23

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


24

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


25

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU


26

Dr. Shohana Rahman Deeba, Assistant Professor, ECE-NSU

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