For
JEE (Main
&
& ALL OTHER ENGINEERING ENTRANCE Advanced)
EXAMINATIONS

I G. R. BATHLA PUBIICATI0HS PUT. LTq.

II HEERUT.BEIHI.IIYDERAnAD.l(olltaTr'HUHBAI
 

Chapters

a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer I

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type I l1

a Exercise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers t8

o Exercise-4 : Match the Columns TYPe 23

o Exercise-S : Integer Answer TYPe 27

a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 38

o Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 51

o Exercise-3 More Than One Correct Answers 57

a Exercise-4 Match the Columns Type 6l

o Exercise-5 Integer Answer Type 66

a Exercise- I Only One Correct Answer 81

a Exercise-2 Linked Comprehension Type 95

o Exercise-3 More Than One CorrectAnswers 105

Match the Columns Type 116

o Exercise-4 t22
o Exercise-5 Integer Answer Type

a llxercisc- I : Only One Correct Answer 146

o Exercisc-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 1s8

o Excrcise-3 : More Than One Correct Answers 162

o Fxcrcisc--l : Match the Columns Type 166

o I,xcrcir.i-5 : Integer Answer TYPe 168

 

+'
(x)

a Exercisc-l : Only One CorrectAnswer 176

o Exerc,se-2: Linked Comprehension Type 184

a Exe..cise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 187

a Exercise-4 : Match the columns Type 188

o Exercise-S : IntegerAnswer Type 190

a Exercise-l : Only One Correct Answer 196

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension TYPe 221

f Exercise-3 ; More Than One CorrectAnswers 234

a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 245

a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 2s4

a
a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer 282

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 298

a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 317

a Exercise-4 : Match the Columns Type 325

a Exercise-5 : IntegerAnswer Type 328

a Exercise-1: Only One Correct Answer 347

e Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 3s5

a Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 360

a Exercise-4 : Integer Answer Type 364

a Exercise-l: Only One Correct Answer 368

a Exercise-2 : Linked Comprehension Type 377

o Exercise-3 : More Than One CorrectAnswers 382

o Exercise-4: IntegerAnswer Type 384

 

413-421
422-428

iii:t,:i
:' :t: ,,
;l .:: : i,,,:I ::
 l

&
g
&:
H

-S* L

Functionsi

Only One Correct Alrswer

f3,
1. wehavef(r)=l;,_,
x <o R)
 
_8, + r,.ri(Asss"(e-')=1vre
Ciearly f(r) is many one.
For r > O, f@) is decreasing, hence range of fk) fot x > 0 is
(- *, 3)
.'. Range of the function flr) is (- *, 31, which is subset
of R'
Hence, / is neither injective nor surjective'
Ans'

2-LeLr'- x2+2x+o ...(i)

" *' + 4x +3a
x2 + (4Y -2)x + (3aY - n) = 0 ...(ii)
=(y -1')
If range of Eq. (i) is -R, then roots of Eq. (ii) must be real for all y e R.
=(4y -D2 - 40 -1) (3cr.Y - a)20 v Y e R
=(4 - v2 - 4 0 - a) Y + (1 - a) >0 v Y e'R
3a) ...(iii)
Now, Eq. (iii) is true V y e R,if 4 - 3a > 0 = o'+
3

and16 1-d2 -4@ -3a)(1 -o.){0

If 12 + 2.x + a = 0 and x2 + 4x +3a =oi
.=>a(a-1)<0 have a comrnon root then o = 0,
I

1.

So, range of/ is not equal toR.

I

I
l

Hence,weget0 <o<1. Ans.

Sincef12+t)=f(2-t)
= Function is symmetric about the line r =2
 

2 GRB Proble ms irt Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Also, 12 + bx +c =0 is symmetric about

x=-bl2
-b2=2=b=-4
f(x)=x2 -4x+c
Now, 3 graphs are possible.

In (1) and (2)'c' is positive and in (3) 'c'is

negative.
flO)=c
Let c is positive.
Now, fll)=c-B
f(2)=c-4
f('4) = c
say c =3
then /(1) = 0; f(2) = -r; f'(3) = 3 f(Z) </(1) < /(B)
Again c is negative. Let c = - 3 =
f(t) = - 6; f(2) = - 7; f(4) = - 3

f(2) < f(r) < f@) =(B) Ans.

Also, if c = 0 the statement'B'is true.
Note: If musthave minimum value rr.x=2 as l is closed to 2 orcomparetl ro 4
=B
4. Given, f(x) =
"fl: 1)
, x_9 )

of f(x) =[-7, -) - {9).

Clearly, domainrk
+7 -la
Now, flr) - (Rationalise) = -4.-
r-9)(.,fx +7 +4\ ",lx+7 +4
So. range of f(r) is
[r, ; ] {;}
Hence, range of y =sin (2/(r)) is (0, 1l Ans.
{#}
b. fG)= sinx;0 <x<I
2

=1:I2 <x <2n

8(r)=0;0<r<n
 

Functions D

= sinr ;Tt < x <y

2
o-
=-1: 2'sx<2n

h(x) =0;0 ax <

-o-
=11-1 <f<9"
22
^3n
=l'Y)-
2

Hence, the range of hk) is {0, 1, 2}.

6. Wehavel2.x2l+*-n=O
+ r has to be an integer.
:) n =2x2 + x = x (2x +1)
.'. rL car,be 21,36, 55, 78 corresponding to x = 3, 4, 5,6.
Hence, sum of all possible values of n is equal to 190. Ans.
Note : If x is negative also rhen ansu'er is 435.

7. Wehavey =py-xzy+ =x- 1=x2y+x-y(p+1)-1=0

p-.
As, r e .8, soD >0 =L+ 4y ty@ +1) +il >0 + 4y'(p +1) + 4y +120
Since, t
r
*l ,, -1.1
Al

So,4y2tp +7t + 4y+1 <0 o y. [-r, +-] =(2y+1)r + 4yz p.O

L 3l
+ .,<-1 l('z-r:]l'o''-L
zy .J r. l-l
[-r.-'B_l
+7t
o. -{2Y
\
|

Hence.
2y )1,,,,,
Now, max. value -lT)' o..rr= at y - - l and is equal to
-1-

p.-J=rg Ans.
 

4 GRB Problems in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions)

8. we have, f(x) = 4 cos4 (;l) t#l - 2 cos

=12 .o,,
I
l=li'
t+nz))
-, .".[#) = t,. *.i.r#)l' -, .".(#)
=1+cos'l-l
"/x-n\
\2i )
Clearly, period of f(x) = ,-U
=rn'
2n2
9. fk)=(lnx)2+31nr+2
3 -1
(
.l-r.l--, -3 I
Inx=rxe
T)
1

lo,e
\l\
f(x) =t2 +3t +2
f(x)=ir*9\'*z-?
  \ 2) 4

' ftxt=lr*3)'-'-
\ 2) 4
.'. Range of ftxti. [ -1, -
l4' I
)
qo
--t
l'txt =-]when t = :t = lrt x = x. = g-3/z
22 =
,

Graph of f(x
Now,y=(ln*)2 +3lnr+2
(1nr)2 +3ln x+2-y=g
3t,E-4t2-y)
v -3t[+y*1
ln-t= =
2
+1
lnr= -B -.,14y
-3- +1
:=) x=e
^,i4y
2
/is[r,, ,
[...oo-ui,or ]
-3-., 4r.+L
|-1 -(x)=e
 

5
Functions

, I -\
+ '' zJz
Jz. sin
I0. /r1t= - lr )*
  ;-
t"rom- 1 to 1
... f - Range of function =fnE,3.tEl.Clearly, /will be one-one also, if

=U,r_n] Ans.
"
.r2*-r*,'
11. Let "t'= l--
xz+Zx+r
-? (y-1) x2 +('2Y -1)r+c(ry-1) =0
As r is real, so D >0.
= Qy - 1)2 > 4c (y _ t)2
...(i)
= 4(c -1)Y2 + 4(l-2c)Y+(4c -1)S0
But we are given
(6y - 5) Qy -$ a0 +12v2 -28 v+15 S4c
c -l L-2c
o
-l
...(ii)
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii) ' we get = J =
.'.
3 15

c=4 Ans.
12. lt f(x) is surjective then range of f(x) must be [0, -)'
2 4x + h +1+ 10 e [1, *)
.'. Range of aiSr -
= Range of 3x2 - 4x + fr + 1in [0, -)
D=0
l0 -t2 (ft +1) =0
4-3h-3=0
-1
k-- Ans.
o
J

r"B. wen*"",(#)= r=,. Ans.

[;,, )
2 <I
4:O<x
-1t
-r,r<.r<77
14. f(x) =
3t
O:rc<x<-2
o-
-2: 2<x<2n
 .'. Range of f@) = {- 2,0, 4}

GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

,5. tog2trtx)l = r"c,[+ .

],* [,
rffi]

,l
  Iog zlf(il:= losz 3. log .
[, ffi ,

f@):,.ffi=fG) ,(:) ={i) + f@)

= f(x) =L * x'
'f(x)=1 110" =1001
+ +10 " = 1000 + Positive sign must be taken and n = 3

f(x) =1 + r3
f(x)=1 +(20)3 =800L Ans.
16. r=2sin21,y=2cos20
f(x' Y)

, -';--;il;*"'
.'. Range of f(x, y) is [2, 6] . Ans.

[ r<-1
17. Let fk) =1, - 2l- l* + 1l = l1 -''Zx; - l< x < 2
|. -u' x>2

.'. p € (- 3, 3). Ans.

18. Let * o* O-t

...
St*t= xF' - rfrT*
[(xt = #(on rationalising]
,,l1-+{olxt +,f7+(Ux\
 

Functions

=o-b
f(r)rr"-xz
Hence, K = 5. Ans.
G-z
-2)(r+6)t
2) (.x:+

19. ,lx + 2l- 3i =

'* { -',rr;u;
[, 1 (xx'+ 4)(x +r6) t) (x o\

il 1l)
1
x*2,-4,-6
lx+21-31=ss"lt-1.
\ x'Z +1-l,)
2
ltr
-11
ll-3=+1
llx +21-31=1=lx +21 t-
= lx +2|1=4,2
+ X *2 =+ 4,+2
x=2,-4,0,-l-66 Ans.
=
20. (p' - 4) (p' -9)= o= p = L2, Irf-rf
lY-'1=o=2ap<4
lel _.1

lzp-\=0=)2P-1=n,'L.NCI
n
n+l
,2
I)=-

.'. Possible values of p are 2 ard .f.

Required sum = 5 Ans.
=+

[1bl)
21.
'cll 1.1].J='
Number ofintegral values of x ate<15=*2
.'.
1+x2 7 . <14 Ans.
22. slx)= 1t.r-' lrl+ 1 =sgn{S(r)} = 1
2
sin23r -cos22x=l
sin23 r =1 + cos22 r which is possible if sin r =1 and cos'r = 0'

sinr=]lrx=2nfi+:2
Hence,-10n 32nn* <ZOn
2
<zn<9
--2122<n<ry=-5 <n<9
--2744
 Hence, number ofvalues ofr = 15. Ans.

B GRB Proble ms in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions\

1
J_
*4 -r2 _x
23.
." -*t
- .r''e^1
+2-
x3
x- 1
x- 1

.r x =-61 Ans.

\ r/
(*-7]'*r+1+Bf'-1)
\ x)
3(, -1)*s(,-
x) \ 'l
x)
24. x =a-lxl3*xeI
o=*3 +*
7 i
Io=I.'*I.=l 17x8\2 *
,2 L9 =784 +28 =812 ;tlrs.
r I r-I \ I
/ 2

,l
\2
=lrrj
r-
+x+t/x'+7-x-t2 Jr'*r -x"
o

i
i-
= ln l2,f xz +7 x2)
2"
An even function hence neither one-one nor onto. Ans.
+(r*r\x)
26. y= 4xG2 +l) \'
*2 +(x2 +Ll2 , I rtz
t+[x+-J
Let x +L =t
x
For x>0,t>2
4t4
" l+t2 1*,
t
For t >- 2,t n 1=
t2
o
0<y<3and"v=0forr=0
b

.'. Range of ftxti. [0, 91 Ans.

L 5l
 

9
Functions

*llx rt r , ll rJ--[ "

Ix*l-ll li
tt ll+ x',)l - +.....
l^ t1+
27. f(*) = {r} + 1, t_
l' r * 2" ]l
.I l
' t-
eex'z.]l
l
=1(00 {rl) ('.' {r +,m] ={xl,meI)
(0.7 32) /,1o.z .2
f(J5) = roo) = Ans.
tf(."6ll = I.)7.)t)
28. A A

Ans.
fof:A-->A
29.
2o
.,f, - ,f' x<-5
r+]" -5<r<-1
30. /(r) = (p - 7) ( l1- r l+ l1 +rl) -1Sr<1
x +6 l<x<5
3-xZ x>5
x 2o-o -v1-5=x)_.5
-x+x -5<-x<-L+1<r<5
f{- x) = Q-7)(11+rl+ 11 -rl) -1<x<l
-x+6 1<-r<-1
J-X x<-5
0 x<-5
)" +6 -5<.r<-r
f@) + f(- x) = -2$-D(11 -tr1+11+rl) -1<r<1
)" +6 7<x<5
0 x>5
For f(r) to be an odd function
f(x)+f(.-x)=0Vre-R
)" = -6 andp = 7,+(X+pr) = -6 +7 =l Ans.
 

q_ GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

31. Grcrups 1,1,1,3 or 1,1,2,2 f

614
Number of mappingr = 911] *
33 2t2t2t2l

ffi
= 480 +1080 =1560 Ans.

32. k2 -Bk+2=0,1t2 -1=0, k2 -6k+ 5=0, l?z -zl?*1=0

and h2 - k = 0 must be satisfred simuitaneously.
So,A=1.
Hence, number of reai values of ft is one (i.e.,lz = l"). Ans.
Y

From graph
/(r) is one-one, -l < f(x) <l
B(r) is one-one, - 1 < g(r) < 1
Thus /{g(r)} and s{fk)l both will be one-one.
I
f tS(xll = ltan-r {grxt}
7t

-1<g(r)<1
n
--J'q trurr-l {g(rt} <
4-4
_l .?run-r {gtxt) . -] tnr. /og is into.
2 n2
_ f(x)
{fQ)} = (t\ " kt as-1<f(x)<1
"f(x)
* s-f
"f
(n' -o' ei +e I )
s{fQ)} e thus golis also
L -e _,- , p+e 1 )l,
\e into. Ans.
 

Functions 11

34. f'(*) =3x2 - ]]x + 7 = (3r - 7) (x - l)

(1,4)

So many one but onto. Ans.

Graph of fi:x) = lx - 2 | ; shift the graph on r-axis by
2 units.
Graph of f lfrxtl = ]lx - 2l-2'
Graph of ftf lfk)ll=lll, -21-21-21
(0,2)
Obviously, if the lhen
distinct solution, n = 4.
equation 9(r) = h,he has 8
Ans.

fG) = 4x (l- x),0 < x <l y=flflf@))l,0Sr<1

Ans.

Linked Comprehension TyPe

Paragraph for Question Nos. 1 and 2

touches the r-axis and mouth
Since minimum
opening i.e., a is
upwardsvalue >0zero f@ - D= =f(x)
hence
given f (2 - x)
x-->x+3
 f w-1)=f(- l-x)
f(-t+x)=f(-1-r)

t2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Hence, / is symmetric about the line x = - |
f(x) = a(x +7)2
Now,given f(x)2xY x
f 0) >-7 . ..(i)
r u 11t2

'lel < |
and /txr \/ i-l' I in r0, 2l
F(1) < 1 ...(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), f(1) = 1
Now fQ)=a(x+l)2
ftll=4o=7-n=' 4
Ans.

^ (x+1)2
l(x)= nowproceed.

Paragraph for ^
Question Nos. 3 to 5

8-76-54-321

(1) Atr=5.12=f(x)=x-4
Now, f(5.12 ) = 5.12 - 4 =7.12
lf 6.tz)l =0.72 = {/ (788)} Ans.
(2) Atx = 9, centre ofthe circle lies on f(x) = x _ 8,then/(9) = 1
So, centre is (9, 1) and radius = 1
Hence, required equation of circle isr2 + y2 -llx -2y + 81 = 0

(3)
 From above graph, clearly number of solutions are 7 . Ans.

Functions _13

Para$raPh for $uestion Nos. 6 and 7

fQ -2) = f(x +6)
fG)=/(r;+8)
f(v\=) l3x. 0<.r<l
t-- 14_r. 1<x14

(i)Required area=2 * x +x 3 +2 * l't x 3 =15 Ans.

(ii)/(-89) - / (-67) + f(46) =f(-1) - f G$ + f (-2) =3 -t +2 = 4 Ans.

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 8 to LO

(i) CIearlY, S{/(r)}is not defined
lf -2+a >8andB+3>B
=+ cr>10andB>5
+ cr, e (10, -) and B e (5, *)
Ans.

(ii)Ifg =2,9=3then
l2x+2, r>-1
- = l^1or2 +3' x<-1
f(xt
So, range of f(x) e [0, -; =Range ofg{/(r)} =14,121 Ans.
(iii) For r e [1, 3] and cr = 3
Now, f(r) + g(x) =72

) Bx=E-*=2 t)
Ans.

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 1I' to 13

Two cases are possible for PQ w'r't' diagotalCA'

Case I : When x = AR< AS, i.e., x

I
el O,
*"lz1
I
 Triangle ARP is an isosceles right angle triangle'
Hence, AP=iix=AQ

t4 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

= Area of segment i.e.. fkt = @* = x2 , x.

[r, #]
case rI : when x = AR > AS i.e., . .lfr,
""f
J2 diu *l
P

ts

= CP = CQ = ji tnl1o - x)
Area of segment f(x) = a2
  LJ'
-t'F2a - x)2. *.ll3-
f- , JzolI
.l
i.e. f :[0, ^li al -+10, a2)

a(_;a
J2
1x 1a

, til<a ..12
..12

f(x) < a2

o',a<f 1(x)<nli,
,12
=+ lJia-f-ri)12 =a2 -x
 + nll " - f-'lil =t
E=
+ f '(*)=Jio+x@;
Neglecting positive sign since , ,-, G) < J2 a
#

Functions 15

f(x)=Ji"-
2
o <x <9-
2
2
A--2
-1f40
Hence, domain of f -1(r) is r e [0, o2 ].
For a =2
^.
\w'=..1
/(r)
[*2. osx<,,ti
l+-eJz -x)2, Ji 3x<2
-'^ , liG, o <r <2
'-'-lrJr-F-x, Ji<x<2
r---.
> 0.
Domain orJ/-'(il
- f(x) is when f-r(x) - f(r)
-
CaseI z03x<Ji
G -*'>o
=+ JI tt - *3/2) >o
=+ 0 Sr S1
CaseIIzJ2<x<2
(x) = Ji i.e.,f -r (*) e [21/n , J2]
f
-1

and f(x)= 4 -QJ, - x)2, f(x)e12,8d, *D)

Hence, f-t(x) - f(x) 2 o v r e 0
Hence, domainoff (r) = lS-ttil - fk)isr e [0,77fara=2. Ans.
The equation /(r) - f 'k) = 0 has exactly three solutions
t,x g<36< 3-
'llr)
-
=l "lz
la2 -(Jza-xt2, L<*<o
t "12
2

l,n, g<vaa
2
/-1{xl = 1
 o2,

la"-xF=. -<N<Q"
I

Exactly three solutions exists if +lo = a. i.n., o = Ji Ans.

- \L

16 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16

Graph of /(r) is

(i) y = f(f(f(.e@))))
From the graph it is clear that domain of g(r) is [0, *) and range of g(r) is
[-1, -).
fI(f(g(x))))
I
[0, -1   l,-) [0. -) [2, -)

Hence, range of fffff@(x)))) is [2 , -). Ans.

(ii) For the domain of y = S(S(S(f(r))))
e@(f(x))) e [0, -)
::) g(fk)) € (1, ".)
= f@) e 12, *)
=) re [1,-)
(iii) 'Ihe solution of equation f(x) = g(r) is sarne as solution of the equation /(r) = r.
(r 1)3
 -
4

= *2 *2*+7=4(x_2)
= *' *6x +9 =0
= (x-3)2 =0
:= X=3 Ans.

Functions
7i

Paragraph for Question Nos. 17 to 19

(i) Given, /(r) = 0= l*1' - l*l - 6 = 0
+ (trl - 3) (trl +2) = 0

-So,r e I-2, lx7=

-t) u-2[3,or4)3 A
=
Ans"
(ii) Every solution of set A satisfies the inequality g(r) > 0
3kx2 +2x+4(1 -3fr)>0Vre A
Case I zlf k> 0 here, 9(- 2) = 0
L,
2a
-z
-2 <-2=L.z
= 2.3k 3k

) Pl=L
6

a.lo.'6-]l
\
Case2:If&<0
f(4) >0
48k+8+4(1-3fr)>0
= t2 +36k>0

= 1r.1.. a.
3 [],
L3 )
o)

Case 3 : For fr =O,2x + 4 2 0'=x 2 -2

.'. h = 0 is also the solution.
a=[l.ll
L3 6.1
=to,at

6b-3a=1-(-1)=2 Ans.
_1
(rtt) h r o
-..)
g(r)= -x2 +2x+B
 Range of g(r) is
whenxeA
:-l- 2, - 1) u [3, 4)
[0, 5) Ans.

1B GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

More Tl'ran One Correct Answers

l. f@l= min (e', 2 + e2 * x,8)

From the graph it is,iscr
maximum value of
clear that
/(r) =n2
.'. [a]= ln2)=l
x (x -7)
<0
x2 -7x +L2
x(x-7) <0
(r-3)6-4)

Ans.

, (A)-1<lxl-7<4
=0 <lrl< 5=-5 <r <5
(B)/(lrl+1)
Range of f (lxl + 1) is [0,21

(C) Range of f (-lxl) is [-1,0i

(D) -1 <lrl <a

 - xel-4,4) Ans.
oo
J.
f(xt= 4+r-+r*
:;S(r)=9+x2; h(x)=-*2 -3* +h
(A) Range of / is (0, 81

Fun<'tions
19

(O h{f@)l > 0 and h {s?)l <0

h(6>0=+fr>0
fu(B) > 0 64 -24 + k > 0 + k > 88
h Q) <0 +-
=- 81 -27 + la <O + ft <108
Number of integral values of ft is 19
(D) Maximum value ofg{f(r)} is g(8) = 64 + I = 73 Ans.

4. /(r) = 10 {r}
Now, verify the options- Ans.

D. fr (r r = hls lftx)ll = rD{-.,

8-x-
Domain of klx) is R - lO, + 2, t2'[rl

Range of h,@) is (--, - 5)u (0, -) - {5}

or E - (t- 5, 0l u {5})
A is[5,0]ur {5} Ans.

6. P=lPl+fi,Q =[8]+ fz,R=[ft] +fa

h=|fi+fr+fs) 0sfr+fz+fz<3
=+ Possible value(s) of k are 0, 1, ancl 2 Ans'
7. (A) Let f : N -+ Nsuch that /(r) = 2x.Clearly f is one-one but not onto.

Note : If / is a one-onc mapping fiom set e o,

(B) R -+ R such that f(x) = x3 - x2 - 4x + 4.

/:
Clearly, f(-Z) = f (:2) =f(1) = 0.
Hence, / is many one but since it is an odd degree polynomial, therefore its
range is -8, hence it is onto. _
Note : If .l' is a ()nt() mxPPillg frorn set ,4 to ,4 tlren is one-oue onlv if',4 is finite set.

(c) suppose / is not one-one then there are atleast two real numbers
x17 x 2, e R, x1 I r, such that f(r1 ) = f(x 2)
 = s{f(x2)}
s{f@)l
i.e.,gof isnot one-one which is a contradiction to the given hypothesis that gof
is one-one.
Hence, / must be one-one.
(D) Clearly, total number of functions from A to B =2 x2 x2 = B. Ans.

20 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

8. (A)sgn(lr] +1)=1VreR.
(B) sin2 (ln r) + cos2 (ln r) = 1 V x e R+ .

,
(C)irsin
7T
' {r}
LJ * cos-t {r}r=1v;u e R.

(D)sec2 [{r}] -tan2 {[r]]= sec20o _ tanz 0o =1vx e R. Ans.

9. y = fG)
=x = 1-1{x)
NowY=ax.+b
a="-vb-
aa
^-1
-lY) \) b
L
| = -
a -a'
|^-1xb
-tx)
aa .. .(i)

andf(x) = ax + b . .. (ii)
Now in order that (i) and (ii) coincide
1
A=- ...(i)
d
 =-b ...(ii)
ct

1a = 1 or - 1
tr'rom (i), a2 =L
Ifa=-1,b=b=beR
Ifa=*1,then2b=0+b=0
Hence, (- 1, .R), (1, 0).
Ans.
10. (A) We have / : A --> B,
g:B --sC
and gof : A
#
--> C

(Rlr ) r --l--f-
/\/r->.----.----+\
/\/r->.----.----+\
)
t----r-:--=--=--,
 Clearly, golis one-one but g is many one function. Ans.
11. Clearly, f(x) =, (, - 18), whenf = 12 - x * 2l
=t2 -18f =(t-il2 -81 =(*2 -*-80)2 -81

27
Functions

f(x) =t(r - 6) (r + 5)12 - 81

f(6\=fGil=-81
andf*i. =-81
Now. verify alternatives' Ans.
12. See graph y=f(il=llrr-4x+81- 2.,t=* is a horizontal line with
intersection points, from which the r-values have different signs, only if m
> 2'

Ans.

m
13. Total functions = 34 = 81
Now, into functions = Total functions - onto functions
4l
=81-1 1 2 .2lxs
=81-36=45
(A)r +y +z =ll(x,Y,ze N)+Y'4 Y'+z'=8
,o
C (A) is correct.
...
, = 45 +
(B) 10<2
-8

'o C, = 45 = (B) is correct.

(C) 3 x 4 = L44
= (C) is incorrect.
(D) 3600 =24 .32 .52
... Total divisors = 5 x 3 x3 = 45=
(D) is correct. Ans.
 14. (A) f\xt=.i., '[log, t'l . : I ]ll
\r"+r+I/l
-' I - . .:'|l
f(- xt= sin ,14
[,o*-"\x'--t+l)) = - ,,,,
L

22 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

/r.)
\r/
= r.,t=-t't-x)

'
lB)f'(x)=-.,
I ' , r'-, *rlf
'(*','o*,'
-x +1)
, z (x2 -t)
(x2 + x +l)2
"/r - |
V \
rog
'["*..')) l,"*r+rJ
*" -'t * 1 .
Sin." [1, ,l
r'+r'+1 l3 "l
-l
^ I- n
1

;r-l
f\.rt=l ,.rt max. at min. at
Ans.
I x-' I

15. /(-rt = a(x - 2)2 + 1"

f(l)=2.'.a=l
f(x)=x2 *4x+5
g(lnr) =*2 -4x+5=(x-2)2 +l
8(r) = \e'-2)2 +l
r e (- *, ln 2) =+ g(r) e [1, 5)
+ g(r) is invertible function.
 =(e'-2)2 +l
e, =2 + "lT-L,z _
Ji I
r = ln (Z - "[y -l) as.r € (- *, ln 2]

.'.g-1(r)=ln(2-f-1). Ans.
16. Ans.
17. Given, f(x) = log[ax3 1 (o + b)xz + (b + c)x + c]
For f(r) to be defined
a*3 +(a + b)x2 +(b + c)r + c >0
+(axa +bx2 +cx)+(axz +bx+c)>0
= x(ax2 +bx+c)+ax2 +bx+c>0
 (x +t)(axz +bx +c) > 0
=
= (r+1)>0 [..'b2 -4ac<0and a>0,...axz +bx+c>0forallrealrl
= .r>-1
Hence domain of/ = (- 1, -) Ans.
40
18. -,' =
x2-4x-b
= x2y-4xy-5y-40=O
'.' r is real .'. D>0

23
Functions

l6y2 +4y(5y+40)>0
gy' + 40y >O + y(9y + 40) > 0

( -'-; 40 1

"[ -]uto'-)butY+o
r
y€l-*,-+ 40)
  \. 9l lu(0,*)
Integers which are not included in the range are - 4, - 3, - 2, - 1' 0
5
<*aiC;-t 6Cr +7Cz + 8Ca + eCn
Now, ) =\Co +
i=1
o IOCU
= =,OCU

24v=10+4or10+6
=14or
16

x+9 [-4,-B)
?-x+L2 l-3,-2)
19. gof @) = g -2,2) t
12 - 2n, lzg)
9-x [3,4]
234
graph of got(x)

fog
[x +e
k) =lt [-].0,-8)
[-8,-4)
[-a- x l- 4, -21
-8 7 6-54
-l Ans.
 graph of fog(x)

Match the Column TYPe

2

1. (A) We have f(x) = e' * '', x e [- 1, *)

ClearlY, f('71= e2 = [(7)
also x2 +lx1>0Vre [-1,-1
+ R1 =[1 ,-)
:. f(x) is many-one into function t (Q), (R)

24 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sotutions)

(B) We have, (x) = lO -2x + x2

f(x) =

y:(x-l )2+9

Clearly from gr:aph, Rf = (3, -) and also f(r) is one-one.

fk) is one-one into function =+ (P), (Q)
(C) We have f(x) = tan5 rc[x2 + 2x + 31=
f@)= 0 V r e R
:. R, = {0} (as tannr=O,if n e I)
Also flr) is periodic function (As every constant function is periodic with
fundamental period)
= f(x) is many-one into and periodic function = (e), (R), (T)
(D) We have.
f(x) =lr - 1l + l* - Zl+ lr - Bl +lx - 41, x e lg, 41
f(x) =(x -1) + (x -2) + (x - g) - (x - 4)
=(3r-G)-(x-4)
f(x) = 2x - 2, which is increasing function
So Rf =[4,6)
Clearly, flr) is one-one onto function
= (p), (S) Ans.
(A) Let * sirr, * .P n"or* = t
ie VB
 f,-u" =lT;tmin=-fi
fk)=cost;te[-r,n]
f(x) e [- t' t] = (P)' (Q)
Trigonometric function is periodic.
:.f(x) is many-one (R) + (A) + (p), (e), (R)
(B)Letlsinrl+1=r =
t e ll,2l
f(x) =logrt + f(x) e [0,1]
fl.r) contain only one positive integer.
Domain is E
= (P), (Q), (R)

25
Functions

(C)trl+[-r] =0 xe I
=-L xe I
.'. {trl + [- r]] = 0
.'. Domain is (- -, -)

Range contains only one integer and also constant function.

f(r) is many-one obviously + (P), (Q)'(R),
(S)

(D) We know
le" le
(0, -) V r e -E
{ le'l} e [0, 1)
t{'le'l)l e toi
f(r) is constant function.
Domain is ,8.
Obviously /(r) is many-one + (P), (R), (S)
Ans.
S. (A) fsn@) = r ;Domain = 'B - {0, 1+ (Q)
(B) =t - x2 +lf{2)l= 3 + (R)
/(r)
(C)r=1=(P)
4.
Ans.
o.
 Ans.
't

(l + x)".
f'(r) = --j
6. (A) > 0.'.one-one

'(x) --> 1 as --) @.'. not onto (Q)

f
(B) l''(x) =1 + 4,
r 1 =
increases both fot x >0 and:r < 0
flr)
x'
/(1)=fl-1)=0
.'. f(x) is onto but not one-one. + (R)
+
1
(C) f'txt =1 - changes sign
x

26 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

.'. not one-one

flr) not onto since f(r) > 2 and f(x) < - Z

(D) f'is @) = 2 + cosx > 0 .'. one-one

f(x) --> *- as x -+ * -.'. onto. Ans.

I r-l t 1l
7. (Al frxt =l* * I l+l* -' l+ 2l- xl
2) I
. 2)
Clearly /(r) is into as it will not take non integral values.
Nowwrite[xl=x-lx]
' -.lt.l- l*
fl.r)=1, I +
1l / 1\i-t.r-1
ii+l.t- i 1r
  2/ { 2l \ 2l - I z)l+Z(-x -{-.r}r

I 2)t-J"-'f
=-Jr+'-
i 2l -zr-,r
This is periodic with period 1.
So function is periodic, many one and into + (e), (S)
(B)/(r)=.r3 + x2 +3x +sinr
Clearly onto and not periodic.
Now, f'(x) =3x2 +2x +3 cosx
=3x2 +2x+2 + 1+cosr

D<0 +ve
so always ,l*.y.*rr"
So /'(r) is always + ve so one-one, onto =+ (p), (R)
,r o-r
 (C) '
flr)='e' +- e-'
Now, if r is < 0 then /(a) = g.
So many one
[0 r<0
f(x\=le'-e'
I

l-- + e-, r>0

le*
Soforr>0, f(x)=n':-1
e"^ +l
Nowinr>0

Functions 27

r.=-=--r-
e2* -\ e2* +L-2 1

So
"1<e2*
n2r +l
<* e2' +l n" +l
2<e2* +1<-
11
->'->u.
2 e2' +l
1 , :-> 0 + t, -3- > 0, so range is [0, 1) hence into.
ez, +l ez* +l
So many one, into + (Q), (S)
(D) f{r) = nsinrrl * s;ri I rf l
\2 ) f

r
Clearly into as e "i'l'i and [rl both bounded and periodic with period 4.
So many one "t1 2
i.e.Maiy one, periodic, into = (Q), (S) Ans'

lnteger Answer WPe

1. Range of f(x) is [0, 7)

Hence, d =7.
Now, one root of P(*) is less than 1 and other root greater than2.
Hence, P(1) < 0 =2L -3m <0 +m >7
and P(2) < 0 + 24 - 2m< 0 + m >t2
Hence, m >12.
.'. Least integral value of m is 13.
Ans.
 + (&-5)=8.
2. Case I :When P - 2 r2+ p 36
2
f(2) =8
+ 4-2@-2)+3P-2=8 +P=2
CaseII:When P-2 12=p>6
2
_D
=g = -(P-D2 -4tgP-zl -r
4" 4

-p2 -4p+4-l2p+8 =-oL

* p2 -16p + 44 =O
rc t.F56 -t76 _16+4.,i5
p= =gt2Jb
2 2
p =8 +2J5
p =B - 2JB (rejected)

2B GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

.'. Sum of values of p is

2 +8 + 2rB
n =10 + "80 = m +,,1i
m10 =2 =20 Ans.

3. We have, /(r) = x(x + 1) Q (r) + (ox + b) '..(i)

qi"iil, .'',lRJ*ild",'
Put r - 0 and x = -l in equation (i), we get
b=0 ...(ii)
and - =-a+b ...(iii)[As/(O)=0andl'Gl)=*ll
.'.rr=1.6=0
So, r(r)=axtb=x
Hence, r(10) = 10. Ans.
3*' i-lli'It t n: ** +n j
4. frt, = J
l+x'
:f(xt =s +
l+x':
.,_Qrmx*tt-3
- 1-l-'
for y to lie in [- 4, 3)
mx+n-3<0Vre.R
This is possible only if m = 0.
-a
When, m=}theny=3+ l+x"
" "-
 Note that n -3 <0 (think )
n<3
If -+ -,.Ir,.,.* J 3
r
Now y,o;r, occurs at x = 0 (as 1 + n2 is maximum)
./min =3+n-3=n+n=-4 Ans.
72n - n2
Alternativr) r y = .

-t2
x2(y -B) - mx + )t - n =O
xeR
D>0
*'-4t.y -g)(y-r)>o
*2 - 4{1,2 * tly -3y +3r) >0
Ly' - 4y (n +3) +12n - *2 <0 ...(i)

Functions
29

Also given (y+4)(y-3)<0

+y-L2<0 ]r}n
yz ...(ii)
4 4(n +3) - m2
i =- ,
Compare Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get =
--12

:+ m=}andn=-4 Ans.
5. /tfl=a+b+c
f(-D = 4a -2b +c
Hence f(D - fG21=$(b - a)

u=t##=Tay*r=;rta
/(1)
Hence, ,Err;.,. occurs when l'G2'l =0-
Hence, En i.,. = 3 . Ans.

Aliter : f(x) >0 V r =o >0 and b2 - 4ac <0

".91a
a+b+c)a+a*b]
4a

a+b+c2 4a2 +4ab+b2

 4a
Since b-a>0
a+b+c 4a2 +4ab+b2
b-a 4a(b-a)
_(2a + b)2 -
4a$ - a)

a(b - a)

Using A.M. > G.M. on 3a andb - a

,3a(b - a)
-, Ans.
ab-a)
Equality holds when 3a = b - a
4a=b = b=c=4a.

30 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

6. For tangency, x2 - I = x -4,

x-
,
9l:lx al
J,-L- u2 u+a -0
PutD=0=1- -4a+36
-9 -0
37
A=-
4
_J'qry
lilty A=-
4

...For4 distinct solution. ,.(

ruLrurr,--[ - n, r -g1l, (-B,B)., f a, {'\
, \ 4)
Hence, number of integers are 17 . Ans.
7. We have f'(x) =3x2 +6x + 4+ b cosr - c sinx

Now, for /(r) to be one-one, only possibility is /'(r) 20V r e ,8.

i.e.,3x2 +6x + 4 + b cosx* csinr >0 V r e .B
i.e.,3x2 +6r + 4 >c sinr - b cosr V r e R
i.e.,3x2 +6r+ +>^lU' +"2 v xeR
r.".,rfr* <B(x2 +2x+L)+1v xeR
i.r.,^p ** s3(x +1)2 +1vre .E

= 6";7 slvre .B

= bz +c2 <l-vre .B Ans.

 8. Since range contains exactly 3 distinct values

ffi
)
(t
UV
( i)
.. 'c, [_i 1 5: l , r = 1500.
+|212
" lM 3 2 21)

So,
_ N =--
300 300:
1500 =5 Ans.

----[*]
e. case t zrf x < 0 then [9'l .ru [+lt. - ve hence [9-l -,. [4-l can never be equat to S
L*l L*.1 Lrl
CaseII:Ifr>0

Functions 31

we have
3-
. I

r .f ; LJ_l [t l
[ql = Lx
Since or[ l ,"d [4j is an integer.
"u.r, lrl Lx_l

.'. 3 possibilities are there :

,,,
[:]
= o and
[i] = '
= land = - A"[ql*[1] =s
",[;] [*] L*,1 L*.1

,r,[:] =2and[1] =,

+o<3<r
lrl =o
No*,.ir[l] =0.1.1 =x>3
x
- 141 - - -4 ^ 7 x -\ 2 -4
Lr-l x64535
These two equations are not possibie. Hence no solutions in these cases.

'""'--Lr,l=r
No*.r[9-] -t<1.2
x = 2.1<r
3 =].r<s
2

and l 1=+ =4< .s = 5.*<L

44 - .r<t
Lrl x 5

not possible simultaneously + no solution

 .)

-o-'Lrlx332
Againif[q-l =2
=2a1.3 =+1.:=1 =1<x<92
and [1] =B +s<x.4 = 4.,'<43
/-

Lr-l =1<r<j o
J

Commonsolutiont.*<
r)
r t-l
Hencerell.:l
I ol \ .)_l

.'. a =1,b = 4, c :3;

.'. a + b + c + abc =1+ 4 + 3 +12 =20 Ans.
10. Product of tw<l integers is prime if one of them i-' 1.

- [,L.- 1l
No* [, * 'l i= to be prime.
2)L 2)
: Let[, f'l * tl =z
case r
- - 2)L =r and [x
I 2)

ao GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

1<x-l .2rrrd2.*+L.3
 =*. 22
u,d1=r.
2222
Hence. r. [q. q) ...(i)
12 2)
CaseII : Let[x - ll = -1and[, *'--] = -, (we will find no solution)
l2)'1 2)
Case III : Let [, n ll = t and [* - L) =, will find
2l
| L2)
(we no solution)

Case fV : Let
l2)lz)
[, * -l = -l and[* - ll = - z
- i-ax+l.Oand-2<x- 1.-r
22
-9.r.-lurrd-1=r.-1
2222
' [-q. -
Hence.r. ll ...(ii)
12',2)
[-1,-1t i3 5\
L 2 z)ulz'r)
FromEqs.(i)and(ii),re
 :. *l + xl + *2, + xZ =?r.I*? *'i =T =r, Ans.
11. fk)=lVxe R
g(1)<0Vxe,R
2-3(k+L)+3k2 +k<0
= 3h2 -2k -t<0=(3A +1)(ft -1)<0

= a.[-l.r]
t_1

\3') Ans.

12. :_* -t'*(gra

R,a)=ax+b
Hence x2oo7 - ek) .@2 - Bx + 6) + ax + L
x2oo7 - e@) . e -2) (x - B) + b ...(i)
"::B (r)
NowR(0):b=?
Putr=2inEq.(i)
2a+b*22007 ...(ii)

DO
Functiorts

Putr=3inEq.(i) 3a+b-32007 ...(iii)

Eq. (iii) - Eq. (ii) gives

o2007
A=,7^2007-/.
Now b _22oo7 _2a=22007 -Z{Bzoo7 -22007)=22oot +2.22007 -232007)
=3.22007'2.g2oo7 = 6 - 32006]
122006

I = ab (a" - b" )
2006
__
Z .g 122006 _ 3

Hence a =2,b =3;c = 2006

Ans.
.'.a + b t c =2 + 3 + 2006 =20LI

f3. f(1) =l+b+c + c

f(S) =25 + 5b
f(g)=81 +9b+c
(i)
Now f@ -2f f
(9) =32
(5) + ...

Since l/(r) I < 8 for all r in the interval [1, 9], we have
l/tti 1< 8;l/(5,tI < 8;l/(e) l< 8

Now from Eq. (i),

32 =l /G) - 2 fG) + f(e) | < I F (1) | + 2 | fG) I + I f(el I < s2
f(1)=f(9)=8;fl5)=-8
 i.e., b+ c +1 =8;9b + c + 81 =8;5b + c +25 = -8
The only pair (b, c) that satis{ies the condition when b = -10 and c = 17
Ans.
+ 1 ordered Pair.
14. xlxl - 5x + 2x - 2lxl* 6 = 0
lrl(r - 2)'3(x -2) =O
(trl - 3) (r - 2) =0 )x =2 ot[x] = 3 =r e [3, 4] U {2}
(a_ 3)x2 +2(a+3)r-Bos0
,*' -3x2 +Zax+6r -Bo <0
o*' -Zax -3x2 +6x + 4ax -84 (0
ax(x -2) -Zx(x -2)+ 4a@ *2) <0
<0
(x -2)Lx(a - 3) + 4ol
Caselza-3>0=+a.>3
-4o a4=- 4a>1a-lZ
a-3
8a312-o=12
No solution

d+ GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

CaseII:o-3<0 -4a <2

- -3 =-4a>2a-G
6>6a+a<1
.'. Greatest integral value of a is 1.
.:

15. f(d = ,G** , ; i-"rr'; - tr# ,;Zs"',

= r[-', n 4 - 4 .i"', - nG{. i4;P;
=2 -sin2 x-(2 -"os2r)=cos2r -sin2 x=cos1x,
g(sin 2/; = .irr, + cosf
(g(sin 2t))2 =1+ sin 2f
= g(sin 271= ,[1+ si2t
g(x)=.,[-" -1<x<1
Now, g{fi)\ = g'(cos 2 11 = u[ + cos-27
= ',4lcosr l

.'. Range of S{/(r)}is [0,

"E]
a2 +bz =2 Ans.
 (y secr - sinr)2 = sin2, + I
2
y2O. +tan2 x) -2ytan* =L
2
y'tun'x -Zytanr + y2
"2-L =O

tanre R.'.D>0
4y'-4 u'(n'-
  l" el'l =o   -/
t-(n'-1)
". -/
,I =o
,'-9'o
2
( t,>\t ,{D\
ly-I 2)\"
llv+f92)l<o
f"
fr;t;
ttdtd
'- L Vt' t
ar- I I
-

Hence, number of integers are B i.e.{- 1, 0, 1}. Ans.

lylrtylt JJ

17. Let x_r__F_r_t._+,E

2..,6 z.'6X zJs z.ls
*=LrF-==> 2x'+r*6=o
X=
-ttrtt+288 -1 t17 16
24 24 24
2
""3
r ) \ , t\
. 3.65 + log "> f t3.15t =]
f
'r. n,,'rl-7 [ ll.an
*"''3r I -:2)l=1 -
l'(3.15) = f(3.15 -2) = f (1.15) - f(1.15 -2) = / (- 0.85)
But f is odd function.
/(3.15) = - f(0.85)
/(0.85)=-/(3.15)=-1
18. m-'C^.4t=5t=Total
 When exactly 2 elements of A maps to itself l.e.
I
f(3) = 3,f(4) =4 I 2
2 in 3 C, x2t = 6
2 J
.'. From 5,6,7 select any J 4
When exactly one element of A maps to itself say 4 5
6
fl3)=3
Now 4 can be map in 3 ways and remaining elements 3 x 2 = 6.
'cr*3x6=36
Total =36 + 6 = 42 = 5 - 42 ='78 = m
n ='c, .'c, .'c, .2ct =lG. Ans.
19. For r-intercept rr = 0

ll*-rl -ol=3
l* -21-o= 3or -3
=) l*-21 =o+3oro-3
For 3 r-intercepts
a+3>0ando-3=0 ...(i)
0r al3=0andcz-3>0 ...(ii)
From Eq. (i) o = 3 and Eq. (ii) is rejected.
Hence, sum = 3 Ans.

GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

20. N
--
l1q 1)'- [r*l?].
=
35 I
L ss L ss l
[trq,];. ..
I
.. [rr]:r,.l.,
L_35 L 35 l I [-r+3] ...(i)

Y-rru itl [r, ts tzt]

[r, - E91
*-f"--rr,a
,nr = [rs _
B5_]
'L'"-
* _
85 _]
1B(38)l t_^ rsts+r_l (ii)
+
frs-=, ]+[ts-=-]
From Eq. (i) +(iil+ 2N =(18 -1) + (18 -1) +....... +(18 -1) =17(34)
34 times

= N =17 (.17) =289

21. f

n(S) = 53
For n(A):
 2trOt)+
o *O r J /':\
-)+Q' )( e
(-,"\:./
1.r-@l
t-Q
(9-r\G
c,-@<: \.: I

. €)l].
o-t_G
t

3\
o
o<
3-.
@
o
a6)
@ \:-/

o-c o
Similarly when 1 is associateci with (2) then number of such functions are 10
and when 1 is associated when (1) then number of such functions are 15.
Totalfunctions=1+3 +6 +10 +15 =35. Ans'

nnI
r)
Functions

3@2+7)+mx+n-3 mx+n-3
22. f(x) = l+x2 :ftxl=3+--_--
l+f- ,
mx+n-3
",-Qr
 
l+.r'
I
-u

Forytolisln[-4,3)
mx+n-3<0VxeR
This is possible onlY if m =O' ^
-6
when,m=0thenY=r*r;
note that n -3 <0 (think )
n. <3
if.ro* -, .Irr"*
r -+y*,r, J 3at' x = 0 (as 1 + lr2 is maximum)
oc.,rr.
Ans.
=3+n-3=n=n=-4
Jmin
l2n - m2
AlternativaZY= _n
*' (Y -Z) - mx * Y - n =0
xeR
D>0
*2 -4(v-3)(Y-r)>o
 -4(Y'-rY-3Y+3r)>o
m2
...(i)
4y'-4yh+3)+12n-mz <o
Also given (Y+4)(Y-3)<0
y'*Y-t2<0 .. .(ii)
4(n+3) lln - m2
compare (i) and (ii) we -1
get =
-t2
Ans.
+m=0andn=-4
.. .(i)
23. f(x+9=2'f0)+4Yf(x)
AIso, x) =2Y f@) + 4' f(Y)
11y +
...(ii)

Now, 2' f(y') + 4Y f(x) =2Y fG) + 4' f(Y)

f@) fu) =u
4' -2' 4Y =2Y=
f(x) = h.(4' - 2* )
f(l)=2=k.2 +h=t
f(x) = 4r -2"
f'(x) = 4' ln 4 - 2' ln2
f'(2) =16 ln 4 - 41n2 =281rt2
Ans.
k =28.

2
Inverse Trigonometric
Functionsi

Only One Correct Answer

. *-
i ---------l-
1
1. tan - {tan ' .u5 r tan-1 ,[i) = ft Ans.
.) ,'12
cos 'x = I
6
=x e l- t. llandf e i0, nl
 Iog,o ,51 a, *;log,o r 2t +B)* 1 log,o 5= t(r > lurrdr=-ql
5 2)
- 1) (2t + 3).5) = 2
logls ((5/

(5t-1)Qt+9=20
(5t-l)(zt+3).5=100
l0t2+13/-S=20
t0t2+2Bt_ t}t_ 28=0
t(10t+23)*Qjt+28)=0
ft - 1)(10, + 23) = 0 =t = Tort
ZN
(rerected)
10
cos-1r=1=>r=cos1 Ans.

Hence, tw-o solutions

Ans.

39
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions

4. '.'sin-1is defined for [- ]-, 1l

a=A
x * y = sin-1 1+ .o.-1 1- tan-1 l=I4
r axis will be x-y= Ans.
Clearly, image about 4
(
* I tz\-
- LB -'".....1u
t ."4 ..6 .rl)L
s. sin ' ir'
r" 9 1
.o.-' l'o -
1 3
- o19
J)
\.

X Y
Now, X=Y n O^- L

x-,4 4 = ----
x
-Bnr2
J d-l

3+x' =9 + 31 4 =9x2 +3xa .=>x2 =l

,I+ x- .I+ ir
oQ
ou
=)x=0, 1or-1 Ans.
.'. Number of values is equal to 3.
...(i)
6. Wehave bsin-r r + b cos-r * =)
2.
...(ii) (given)
andosin-1r-bcos-1r=c
 .'.On adding (i) and (ii), we get (o + b) sin-1 * =9 * "
bn afi
*=
  2 -.similarly"os-l
1.l+c - t
=sin-r o+b d+b
nab + c (? - b) Ans.
Hence(o sin-l r + b cos-l *, - a+o
7. Wehave f(x)=t-cot-l r-tan-1 r+"ec-1 x=n-22 +"ec-1 *= +sec-lr
2
(As cot-1 (-x) = n - cot-1 r)
As dornain of f @)is (- *, - 1l u [1, -)
' [. nl\ ( 3rc1 Ans.
... Range orf(ilis[i, " [" ZJ

8. we have /(r) = sin-l 'i" Il-"

,( -+
= 1

t*-h

[ -l
. r7
x' -|3x
"] \4

,--,
sin-'l----
,- -
lr 3\' * t7 9l
I

[l'-r) n- n)

40 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

. ,l
=srn.i
(') 1 |

" I

[[.-;)".,j
Hence, ft.rr e
;], ""
co-domain = ranse fa.,, -u * 4=f \, -:2)l' *z.rz-il
'-'
[0. [ )
Also y = 4x2 - \2x + 17 is many one function.
Hence /(x) is surjective but not injective. Ans.
9. Given expression = - cos r(cos 2,1 - sin ,r=i, zrl- cot rrcot 4)|
  {2
i: -r(tan I Jl-
tz lz
l1- - l

tl
- lZ - tan +,f * {l - LvLtE
cosec-l(cosec u,l - ll - oLL
\LUDEL u/[ .".-ir.". 6rl
\-EL w'J'
lZ
= sin-'r(sin2) - cos*1(cos2)
- cot-1(cot4) + tan-1(tan4)
+ sec-1(sec6) - cor"c-l (cosec6)
=(r-2)-2+(4-r)-(4-x)+(2n-G):(6-2n)=x-4+4n*12=Er-L6 Ans.
 *:.r=1= ("=* 1)
10. wehave 1-
2 1+x2 - 2-- x2+\ < lvr
*=*' e .B+c+1>0

So, c>-land ".*1 sl

x2+7 2
x2 +L>2c+2
So, ' 1c2 *(%+ 1)20vreR=4(2c+1)<0
_l
c<--.
2
Hence."=-l
'2 Ans.
11. Clearly, f(x\ = t=I-----
1+ 'tan-tx
N
Now, domain of equation f 2(x) + (sin-l r)2 =o,isreI 1, 11.

(2t^n-'r+1-rl
Now,nr)=;h-""*
(

L+?",.n-t x
]=;[, It
So. f(r)l-," =t"tx=-l
f(r)l-,,=rafa=l

41
Inuerse Trigonometric Functions

gs, (f(r))2. [o,4landminimumandmaximumisattained atx =0andr = -1.

L 4l
Iso (sin-l '{l
r)2 e I o, +
-1',4l I

2
.'.o-u* = x = - land o*ir =0 atr = 0'
T "t
ft- 7Iz1
ael0.-l
I

So, LI
L -l
oirtug", - 0,1, 2.3, 4 Ans.
Hence, sumofintegralvalues ofo = 10'
12. ': f is onto
_t
.'. Range of tan-1 (2x - x2 + r) should b" [#, 0]
 = --.
Range of ?-x - x2 + )-should be 0l (

Ans.
Hence D = O=4 + 4)" =0, hence i = - 1'

Al= 2"-1 + rj
I cot-'12'.'*T)
Iim ),
tB. Wehave.,i-*Lt "ot_r(2,.,
\
*
2r)
----- f,
lim
n-*-, ./-t \, * )
cot-,f

= Iim
n
'i tar-l|
( qr
lim )
uo" --- --- .zl l= ,'T:
\ n
*" -( 2r+7-2r
tan-l1 -- - l
tilF 3, I t * z''1 '2'
|

n-* ,4, ,)- )

= nlr*" i, (turr-'rzr+11- ta,-, tz't)

=,Ii1(tan-l(2'+r; - tan-1 D=;- tan-1 2= cot-1 2

Ans'

14. we have2n=$*2tan-r(x2 +x+k\ *=;' "tR)

[e",tu'-tcr+cot-l

=+tan-l (x2 +x+k)=L=*2 +*+k=l*xz +x+(fr-1)=0

.'.For required condition, put D > 0'
Ans.
+ 1 - 4(h -1) > 0=5 -4k>O=h' 4

15. As, f sin-l (sinr) | = lx.l, forr

l;, ;)
e

.'.From above graph, the equation

lsin-r {sinr) I = cos r has two solutions' * [+ , --t ** i;)

l2 ;]

r.)
GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

16. '.'-^.. .ir,-lx, sin l t,, sin-lz.I

--2
2
= + ',8s (sin r)3, (sin-1y)3, (sin-1 ,)' =t
r

.'. Given equation holds good iff

^r=sln'y=srn'z=_
.-1.-1.-rft
srn
2
x-y-z-l

2x-3y+42=2-3+4=3 Ans.
17. S,, ='t'.r.,'l-'
,7n \n2 +r(r+71)
l

,,-t I 1 )
 S,, =y tan-rl n rl
,'?, lt*'+1
I

\ n n)
( r+l r \
n-7 I -.- - -
" tan-rI n
S..= n |

3o lt*111.rl
I

\ n n)
s,, = 5' ta.,-r ir + 1) - tan-r r
3o\z) n

s, - r)* (tu.,-, ? - t^n-,]). (*"-,

=
[t",,-' ; 1 - tan-l +)
.'. S, =Sroo =1. Ans.
18. For f(r) to be surjective.

Range of must be and hence y

(*-, -11 V
fG)
r e (--, - 11.
\2 ^l
il, _l range of =-*2 +r +o must be

t * _ a) = _[[,
= _ @2 _
;)' (, . i)]
_ _

))'= a.; 1- r - ]r'2=t, € (--, a - 2] [Maximumvalueoccursatr = -

{'- e) 1]

a-2=-1=o=1 Ans.

Inu er se Trig ono m etr ic Functions 43

te. f(x) =L* "tlxl'2) r e [-1,1]

Equation f(x) = n" =f,+ ful - 2=k
o
lxl=k+ie[0,
2
I
o<k+-3=t = -l=r.-1
_a
222 _1

22
Ans.
2lai+ 4lbl= 5
20. For r e (0, 1) ,l
y:sll1 x
sin-l r >r cot' - -
> tan-1r >
; ..v: x
cot-1 .r -n=-(tan-l r) Ans. Y
: titt-trx
 2
21. [{r}] = 0 '" """ 'Y : - tanrx
1

flxl = (3 - x7 )7

tr
1

- , 't''')'
f(f\x)t =ll3-(3-r't7
[ ))
| | =,
fff(d=x-1-r{x)=f(x)
/-t(so) = f(50) and /(f(100)) = 100
/-l(so) - /(50) + f(/(loo)) = 1oo Ans.

--- I.El..ot,f 1?€-)*...-

zz. s=cot 1l.9.l*.ot-,
i,zl l+t \a )

*"-'(^21=,.,,-'t-=l= tan r 4-tan-. 2

4 = cot-l[?]=
\2) le/ \1+4x2l
rz corl(3Pl= tur,-'la-l= an'( tu.,-'8- tan-l 4
= \4)
T, = tan-t 2n+r - tan-r 2"
\33/ --L - l=
\1+8x4J
Sn=LTu =tan-1 2rt+t -tanr 2
As n-)@
S-=;-tan-l 2=cot12 Ans.

l-t GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

/-\
2s. sin_11
'/.x
,l = I*,
Ir+x'j 2
 CIearIy, there are 3 solution of the equation {- 1, 0, U. Ans.

24. *3 -6*2 +3px -2p=o<:'.

\*3

A.M. = Lr:21 ":- =9 =2

33
HM =r,
ir* +=
*r* *,
=\f,;{;'='
A.M. = H.M. =r1 = *2 = xJ = 2
1-*al*"o., If *f [1*1]=-1 *o- n T
=i,,-, |[r, *r)'""" ]-tun-' = Ans.
[*, ,r) - lre xt) 2 4 4

1(x2.cos1+.irrf -rn 1=lcos' (*') -cos-1 (cos1) lcos -'t*\ -t1

25. f(r) =cos 1=

(even function)
Domain of f(x) is [- 1, il.
Range of fG) is [0, 1].
b-a=l Ans.
[t-o,oe[0, 1]
-r
Aliter: f(x) = r.
1u [r l]
Range of f(x) is [0, ].1.

AI

Inuerse Trigonometric Functions

26. tan ,[-j-l=o,-'['

)
1
l=t*-'[,nI2)l-tu, '
  +r'+3,
[r,
-;
"l=,u,,'
J
/ 1\llr-
1+lr+
\ 2/\
/ 1)
2) I ' r)
.- t)
4 )i' = (I tan-' rln+-l1\ -tan ,- -l1)
' tan,(I _=-
)r=l \+r'+3) \. \ ,l l

4 l= cot ,1^- = (tan

/

_1
(
' 2)
+ €-^-'f
lr'un [-4r'*BJ-
tan (tan-l 2) -9 '
2
Ans.

27. Graph of y = 4 {- 1,1)

"o.-t
From the graPh it is
(%\ 4nl
 Clear that h e Ans.
.'. Integral values of h, ate 7, 8,9, 110, 11, L2
1

28. *2 -lB* +o>0Vre -R Ans.

1a>81Vre,B
,4 (n + t)2, _(n -
8n )l= tan -12
' t( 1)2)
29. tan-r | ,-?- -
lrn - 2n2 +5)

- tan -'r'l*
 .u,,
n=l
l

I I t , - r i'l.l
22 -tan-'
'rqt2l
l;l
-'(n+7t2
+]tan-' l, I- '-1
tan' I,
I Jl
|
ti* ]tun-l [1+l
= n*-l.
{tu"-'..2
-0f
I
=
-
= i.'2+
tur-t cot-t 2 Ans.
\ z )
.,1
a
|
30. Let f(il=x3 +bxz +cx+l
So, /(0) = 1 > 0, f?t) = b - c <0'
So, - 1 ( o ( 0, therefore tan-1 ct+ *"-'[*l
= tan-1 ct + (cot-1 cr - n.)

fi-T Ans.

r6 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

31.

Ans.

32. Domainoff is[-1, I;f(x)=sina'+cos.r+tanr+sin 1r+cos 1r+tan-1 r

=cosr
-_
- sinr + r".2,
t'''@) +O+
-l-
L:J
L7/''71
Hence, f'G)>0 = f is increasing = range is [/(-1), /(1)]
 /(r) l*; = f(-l)=- sinl+ cosl-tan1-I * n-
2 44I =I *cos1- sinl- tanl

f(r)1,,,, = f(I)=sin1+ cosl+ tanl+ i* = qI * cosl+ sinl+ tanl

244
::)M+m - fi
= -i + cos 1=(A) A.,s.
22
BB. we have. tan 1 I + tan-r |,1*1) rr" , .-.
i= run-r
l i+ l= l*)
t- ii)
r7 * 1)
"
Asain,trn-, a + ran I 1
tar-, U= l=tur, i 4 l =tar-, 4
tl 5 = i
lr_7 | 148/ 24
\ 55i

..tan ,1--=tan-r-1-tan' ,23-=tan' r

Ans.
n24

34.

r,, =Lan 'fl'::l rl-tun ,i[ql.]rl

tr 2 ) ) \\ z ) )

So, s, = tan-r ((t=lrl- tu,,-,,

\\ 2))
=,lrgs, = - tun-'r =cot 1 r = l(Given)=r=cot1 Ans.

17
Inuerse Trigonometric Furtctions

BE. Let.irr-r f(r) - u (As /(r) c [- 1, 1])

2 =e€

"t -' (ti" 2o) + \ = 2o+ ft

t
s(r)=sinrl2 f(x)
zl ,o
J.J

, (/rx)) r
= 2sin
I 2 ,l*3
/ r -l
-t nl/Ll- lLl
B(r) = 2sin-l ry.l-r,,,. [,
(-;) -, ,zl
3 \6/ l-r
3l
l

2n-l
" t 3l -,
s(x) = [0, e,

aS f is onto hence.
r 6t
 Alternatively : when f(x) =- 1+g(r) = sin-l I -* z) | = -;d
\

f(x) =1=s(x) = sin-t

When
[fl=;
lr n. n\ i r + n\-1. e
f^ 2ry1 Ans.
Hence 8(r) e
[; - ))t'e's\x) L''
L[-; i,1,
=
I

wehave H(il=|ry;+#] =
[,
-#I]L-'.,+ rfu = = *]

So.

Also, ,FI(r) is an even function on ft, so graph of H(x) is symrnetrical about y-axis.

Graph of H(x)

-18 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

8 ,.-
Note: H("r I = 3ran-'(3 - | "l L l*1, 2

AIso for lrl , 2, 3 - lrle 1- *, 1), so

H(xt e: t#, )=,- +, zt

only one point i'e' x = 0'

From the above graph, it is clear th atH(x)is drscontinuous at
Range of H(x) is(- 4, 2l u t3)'
Hence, number of integers {- 3, - 2, - 7, o,l, 2,3)+ 7 integers' Ans'

87. Given expression = ,.1#)"

a=l lLu t =L,;#=
n=1,
(
* ) .l*)'.[* )' + .. @terms.

Sum is finite if ]- .l= o

'
 (L
\
ael-.-l
\r' l
. nln+Ll n(n+t)(2n+L)
38. We have, D
26 =

l=3k
2n +
n
^;^. 1' ({3k+2n\$k-2n)'\-^,--r1-
. ,(gt'-4n'\-- sin srn Ans.
.'."r"
'[ffi j= "r1,. 1 ,l= ,= 6'n
39. -l<e'<1 + -(r(0
-L<x2<7 = -13x<l so-1<r<0

(not acceptable) and one is negative. Ans.

e, = x2 one solution is positive
,l [r - .,-=
/rx) = tan-'l tl ----t?
\
I * *' l = turr-r (tanl +x2)
' tltl+cosz/ ,
,

From the graph it is clear that /(r) and g(r) intersect at three distinct points La at
A, B and C.

Inuerse Trigonometric Fuructions 49

4',l =rin
I 'l__.-l=sin-'lgl
,J
41. f(x)=rir-'
' t4+x2
['.'* ['..;)
)

Ztan-L L
2
n - 2tan-L L
2
x_
:<-1 L21
2
-1<1<1
2 2
 x<-2 -2<x<2 x>2
, (^li -q\
ft"
''r'
l-2)=2tan-'|"' 2
" r: fi - 2=06...1
[ )

=2.2 -r=o
J =(sin'1(sinr).r2 - sin-i(sinr) = [sir-i(sinr) - *]'
2) - +4
\
.'. For maximum value of y, sin-l(sinr) =+.
2
/- ',r2 1 *
Hence, .Imaximum =l;";) -;=;(n+ 2) Ans.

tan ' 1+
3x422"
tan- '? =:- ,rr-' l.r*irg
23
tangent on both sides.
+
3x.rQ4 i ,1'\^ 8+9r 4
=cotj tan'-l=2-1 =2-x
aau
-t-
\ 2) t2-6x .)
3x4 -
- , -,( ?a.^l)
ZLarr'x=tt+tan'l (Asr>1)
\7-*")
.( - 2+\

[_tan ,-lr-24\f
n+tan'l-l
\z )
_ ll - 24
tanJ . Ans.

L \7ll
24 +7 =3L
I

Calculus (Hints & Solution's)

50 GRB Problems in.

11. ' - E-i = cot-lttant1'7 - x )) - sin-' ,'=

1}
ru,
'lt5l=-1s*<11
i

2-x>0 =sx<2 f -r<'<r ...(i)

fordomain
'r:
o=+<1+-r<"t<rj
I

'l?
,l

sin- ,
E -,tT-x =[-tar 'rtan{.PI))-cos
sin- ,'1+",
{
2
+cos-,-\il14 -\io
-,[r-=
n 1
2
- rll ,/
tun-:ttant", i- xt't
'./l - -
ll{T;
 tan, = n[z -i r- 1(tanr) = r
which is true' Now tan- when
' tturrr^p -, 11

(-r n)
'\ z 't)'
.. _
jtel I

- o<2-*.+ :+ -2<-x<.I--z
z 2

o<Jr-<:
'2:
C
4

2-t<x<2
*a
...(ii)

(i) (iil, the complete solution ."t it Ans.

Froom and Iz - +,t7
45. Let,tf(x)=x3+bxz+cx+1.
f(- 1) = b - c < 0 so, cte (-1, 0)'
'2Lan-= 1 > 0,
/(O)
t(co"".
So,,, cr) + tan-1 (2sincr sec2 cr)
') I
1 I * tun r[ zsino z[.ur, '[--f) + tan-1( srnc).1
= 2tan-'f
\sincr/ =
[1-sin'a/ [ sin ct ]
'stt

= z(- \ n Ans.
\ ,l = -
(as sincr < o)
\ ,

sec(Stan-
1x)
= 1or- 1 and- + . 3 tan-t*' *
22
1x=0,1t,-n 1x r r =0,J5,-rE = Domaine{0,J5,-J-g}
=3tan- = tan =0,:,---
.lo
=+
1r)) + cos-1(cosec(3cot-1r))
Now, f(r) = sin-1 (sec(3tan
1(sec(3
tan 1x))
* .o"- t | .o."" ] - s,urr-' rll = I2 + 2 sin- 1(sec(3 tan- 1r))
= sin-
\---- \2 |.
))
fen - 4,. Ans.
" 12- 2t
Hanse€l-.
47. By using A.M. - G. M. inequality, we have

51
Inu er e Tr ig ono metric Functio ns
s

1-r
gsi.-1, * Scos
, =+ f(x) > 2
2

3n Ans'
Hence, logrm ='*
4
1x)3 +3sin-1r (sin-1r -cos-1r) sin 1r cos-1'
+
48. L.H. S. (sin-tr - cos cos--1r
1r)
(sin 1r - cos
1r) * 4sin-1 r tot-'']
=(sin-1r - cos [{sln-1r -
cos-1
')'
r - cos-l rl [rsin-' * + "ot-' *'']
3

=(sin-' =
lu
23
 (sin 1r - cos-1 t+ = -
= 416
sin-tr-cos'*=I 4
sin-lr+cos'*=I 2
2"or-' * =
L
,c cos-
1l Ans.
=

Linked ComPrehension TYPe

Paragraph for Question Nos' 1 to 3

1(sin 10) + cos- 1(cos 10) =(37. - -'7n - 20) Ans.
(i) We have f(10) = sin- - 10) +(4n 10)

(ii) Clearly , f(x)= (n - x) + x = nY xt [:,2'^] -l

2
It 7l
Ans.
So. area = --XI =
22 -

[,.*.[0. I j
(iii) As ,i.r-'trir,rl =
| ' ?
^'
,* \

ln-r,*.lr,,l
l(cosr) = x, x e L0, n)
Also, cos-

GRBP:: Wrt
ft
*.1r,
lu, ;
f(x)={ -
)
Now,
I ln )
larelr,n
lL'/
I

f(xl e linx 2"2I

As e (0, 3) r,
=x = 1,
So, number of values ofr are three. Ans.
Paragraph for Nos. 4 and 5
Question
f(_.x'l=fG)Vre.B
=+ /(r) is symmetrical about y-axis (even function)
f(x)=(x2 -4)2 -4
 =x4 -8x2 +12 g(t): t'-8t + t2-k
t
f(x) = k
(i) xa -Bxz +L2- h=o
Put tc2 =t,t2 -&+L2-k=o ...(i)
For four distinct real roots.
Both roots of the equation (i) must be distinct and positive.
(1) >O 4(12 k) >0 12 + le > 0 > 4
bD ,o=-
*64-=4>o
- - =16 - =k -
(2) - 2a 2.1
(3) c(0) > O +12- k> 0*k <12 Ans.

(ii) )_
Br2 +t7 )-
n.

tan I (r+2)2 -(r-2)2

)
.lim r=1 L+(r2 -4)2
ru + 2)2 tan- rrr 2)2)
= ,IA r=1
i,rurr- - -
= (tan-132 - tarr*1 1
,lim
l
+ tan- '42 - tan- o
+ tan-1 52 - tan-t 12
+ tan-r 6' - tan '2'
+ tan- r 72 - tan- I 32
+ tan-'8' - tar_-' 4'
+ tan- | 92 - tan- 1 52

Inuerse Trigonometric Functions 53

+ tan-1 102 - tan-162

+ tan-1(n - 2)2 - tan-r(n - 6)2

+ tan-t(, - l)' - tan-r(n - 5)2
+ tan-r n2 - tan-r(n - 4)'
rfu 3)2

+ tan-r(n + 2)2 -- tan-1(z -- D2)

+ tan- + l)2 tan-t(n

=((tan-'(n-1)' +tan-rn2 + tan-1(n+1)2 + tan-l(n+2))

 (tan-l 12 + tan-102 + tan-t 12 + tan-r 22)

lim i ,u,'-'l ,, ?' ,l= nl:)

.'.
,,te7=, -\z) -(+.0- * I4 + tan-r4i={,+ - tan-'+')) e,,".
[1tri+sJ \+ )\2
Paragraph for Question Nos. 6 to 8
o = tu,,-'(f,). *"-'(i)=;

0= (tu.,-
'9 * *"-' 9) + tan-'[#) = "
,'.2, - lare roots of equation x2 - a* + b = 0.
lz'*
7a

So,o=landb=-Z Y

(i) tu,,-'[,". (*,-'(,i"]))- ,)= tan-'d: -r,=; =

g. Ans.
4
(ii) f(x) = cot-1(rz - ?nc) = cot-1 ((r - t)2 - t)
--' range
so, of fk)= [0. 9-l 1.
-----o- Ans.
[-' + -]

(iii) We have sin-1r = & (Su" graphically)

2
So, number of solutions = 3 (-1, -nl2)

Paragraph for Question Nos. 9 and 1O

Putting 2r = sin0, we get

GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Paragraph for Question Nos. 1l to 18

6) y=

yl-,-
"mrn = *g = ,= o { '.' At x =1 nrm"r.tor is min. and denominator is max.
t.t
[ 2----------

" | (1005 - 3) (1005 - 2) (1005 - 1) (1005 + 1) (1005 +2) (1005 + 3) I

'-ii_
L
rrroos)2 - t)((1005)2 -
6 --
4)((100s), - g,-l
l
 -Ll [0.

=lulr-__1_lir_l
- llr_ , ll
L- l rroosr' l' rtoosr' l' ,r00bf l]
,l J

-5
.'.u+B=7 Ans.
(ii) /(r) = tan-l(sin(ftcosx))

- 1< sin(Acosx) < 1 -

]t ...Range of
l4'4)J
f(x\i.[- l,l] I

costr € [- ]-, I
kcosxef-lz,k]
but fr cosr .l-;,or)=u."
.'. Least integral value of fr is 2. Ans.
ll
[,.lta,l"ot-1 '""*-*
15.4*-*, )

tiii) g(x) =logrr1,

l *""'l'""1"'
"ll.I

= \l + tan(cot-1(5
logu(r + 4x - x)D)
.9
- locT(, *,",r(.ot-r (e -A - ztrt))
s(r)l-." - loc*(z * tu.,(cot-l orJ= togr(2.1)= r^, x =2

B(tr)l-^,
r'd^
= losrr[snruril]l=-",
-;
\ \2)
x =b
)

55
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions
Ans.
.'. Range is [1, -;.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16
f,-)=.,"_,[ffiJ
. -r(s@a + ?'tc2 + 1) - 4\

=
"' '[pL *+rlr"t P: = sino=e = cosec-l(1+ *2) =

e.[o.r
= sin-1(3.irre - 4sin3 0) = sin-1(sin30) ['2 ]o,.*
 (i)
1
3n
tt"t15. = (2 + J5)d , 1=g(t6otw) =
2
1

rvGirls =[
v'E - r it < L=gt{Ginlrr =n
l.4 )

Ans.

S(h/*D=nYxeR
Domain is .R and range is {rd.
Ans.

(iii) tan(cot '[l*l) = tan(tan-1l+xl) =l4xl, x +o

56 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

-Both
g(x) =l4xl
curves intersect at 4 points.
3n
2
.'. Number of solutions is 4. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. lZ to 1g

f(x)={+cot-1 x-tan-lx
= 't - 2tan-L x lf.'r > 0ll
4
sgn(/(r)) = 1==+ flr) >0
 + -Zt n-rr>0 :+ tan-1 *.I
------8 =) x<nD+L
4
Possible positive integral val,ues of x are 1,2.
Hence, at =landa, =2
(i) P(x)=x2-4px+3h2
P(r)<0V,re(a1,a2)
P(D s 0 and P(D <0
1-4k+\lf <0and4 -8k+gkz <o
(3,t 1) (k L) _ (k _
- - s 0(3& D
e. [1,1.l ...(i) n.l?,21
2) s o

13', J -l ...(ii) Ls'

.'. Intersection of (i) and (ii) is h el ?. 21. Ans.
13', l

(ii) g(a) = '""[[,ir] ^)

-,(2.i l+cos- ,( , -3')
ec'l
Ir - 3/ t, 2)

""([,:n]"J 1C+ 3 -1s'-3<1

2cos-1 [t '] 2
2)
-2< x -SS2
1<.r < 5
l-e*l
L _ l= anintegerV* e[1,8] -{0}
'L* - 3-l

Inuerse Trigonometric Functions 57

g(x)=0Vrell,5l-t0)
= g(r) is discontinues at r 3 only. =

(iii)

Clearly, D(r) is differentiable at all r e .8. Ans.

More Than One Correct Answers

1. sin-1 r-cos-1 r=2sin-1 x-n/2
 f(r) :/{zsin-t x - nl2) so 2sin-i x - nl2> 0+sin-lr > nl 4

So domain of, fk) , < l similarly g(r) = ,^n- * - O) , tar-t * ,;

fr=l, J(,
Sodomainof,g(*):1<r < -similartyh{x)= sec-r, -}) , """-t ..;
J(,
So Domain of, t{x): (- -, - 1l u,[J2, *) so domain of f(x) + g(r) is 1 only.
For g(r) + h(x), domain will be {J2, *1,

For D(r) ++ hlx)

Forg(*) f(x),domain will be nullbeset
+ f(x),domainwill null set. Ans.
f,yl= =x=].1,, 2\t4
)c
For x=*1, 4,2 l)
For x, = * 2, t Z Zt Zf =O GPs are possible.
For rc=*4, t\Zt4)
Set of values ofyis[- 4, -g) w l-Z 0) u tl, 3) u [4, 5). Ans.
.9
= tun-t *n - x2 + -z*tan-l .r) = t^r-' *' --l \- +tan-l *-2)
1
f@)
\+l[\ l(
(
2) )
For'f to be surjective, tan-1 a - 2 = - 1= cr = tan 1
Now, verify the options. Ans.
a. f@) = tan-1 (z + 1) - tan-1 {n-L}- (tan-r (z+3) - tan-1 (z+ 1))
L ft"l =tan-l 2-tan-10-ttan-1 4-tan-r2
n=1
+ tan-1 3 - tan-1 1 + tan-1 5- tan-1 3
+ tan I 4-tan-1 2 + tan-1 6 - tan-1 4
+ ................

5E GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

+ tan*l(n + 1) - tan-1 (n - 1) tan-l (n + B) - tan-l (ru + 1)l

2, ft"l = n - tan-l 1- (n - tan-L 2- tan-l g) = {2 Ans.

n=t
Itur-'?.
It_ x'
x>o
b. str) =]1, x=o
l'l- tan-'_,2:. r < 0
I r'
For x >O,h(f(il1=L = h(g(il\
 For x <O,h(f(xll =f,, nfS.J,) =
t Ans.

6. 2tan-1) = tan-l r + tan-l z = tant-: (=:.l

\L-xz)
,un_, (_21_] _ .ur,_,Ir L) l2v=x+z]
[r_y,, \t-*)
2y 2y 2Y^t 1 1 I
= - =o

y2 = xz i x, , e
1 - y'
are in G.P.
T:;= lr - y'z 1 - xzl

Now, 2y=x+zA.P.
Y2 = xz G.P'

Y' y %' -
= x+z
= -ry" =. *, y, z arein H.p.
y ==)

^c+z
Hence, #=T=. - z =o-tc =z Ans.

'1.

Ans.

Inuerse Trigon ometric Functions 59

8. we have f,(il r^,,1ffiJ  r,,,f #] =

l'* , **,)
2
Let .r = co" 2o where -a 3 zo s
f,.

[o"#=e={)
 ... f,(x)= *,-'[];*H)= ru.,-'*{; - r)

r - o = I - tur,-'tEl = fr(x) [o.-15s<l

.-* 4- 4 = 4<I-u=i)
4
=
4 4 [.ir+rrJ
2)

Also, f{x) =; ;cos-lrz

= fr(x)

and rda=;-1"o.-'(*\=I-i(;-'* -'.')=i,sin-1r z =fn@) Ans.

Wehave x2 + 2x + 0t' -10) > 0 Y x e R

1(sin9) 1(tan9)
['.'sin- =3n-9 and tan- =9 -3ru
.'. sin-1(sing) + tan-1(tan9) = 3n - 9 + 9 - 3n = 0l
.'. Discriminant < 0
+ 4 - 4(n - ]r0)< 0+1 - n + L0 < 0=n > 11 Ans.

1O. ct = 3tan

o=n[r.,,-,7
P-tLUarr +) -l *
-tun,q.l=J*,-,4]
t*?Ll
=4tan-,13'l=*
\25l
Ans.

L 4.1
11. Let f(x) = xs +3x - tan2
realroot
f,(x) =Bx2 +3> 0 V r e .R=/(r)isincreasingandhasexactlyone
/(0)= -tar.Z=Positive
f(- t) =- 1 * 3 - tan? - - 4 - tan2 =negative
.'. cr lies between (-1, 0)
Now, cot-1., * cot-l1- i = cot-1o + n + tan-1ct' - 2=
2
n'

cr 2--

60 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

12. Here, x € [0,4]
Now, we have
. nG\ / r\
srn-rlt lr.o"'l9l*tan-rv=?".-r,= 1
\2) 12) 3 fe
.'. Maximum value y2) = 16 + f = 49
of (xz + "33

and minimum value of G2 + y2) = (0)2 + *=l Ans.

 Ir- * l=rnn ,1--tan , f.,0.rr:rj
l

13. ftxt=tur,-tl3-4 -- -
3 I1+' I "b
\ sJ5/
Hence, f(x) =o"-' af f(x)," Ans.
[f)=ranse lo, fJ
L4. 2''o"'.u G;-5+-- 21.ir, 1p 12= 1

2."rts-r
x)2
a/ tr"r"- yf - rlt' * r = r
Now, 2("o"*1',' ,lura a[Gi.,
,l >1,

. 2(cos-1r)2 G;rr; , 1_2tcos-t x)2 i,

=1and lIsin-r ,2
t) -L)
\2
+1=1
[\
(cos ' x)2 =0 and(sin-l y)z
,1
= ='L+x = andsin-1y = t 1

/ = sinl or - sinl
x - =1+ sinlorl --sinl = (C) and (D) Ans.
15. When x 1- l,

"i.,
,[
-?-']
It+x2l """ ,[ , - ,1 I * tu,., ,[ -g.:)
* .o,
Irnrzl'""" lil;rj
rr 2tari*l *
When - 1=< -;r <-0, then sum
x of2tan-r * + n + 2tan-1, = _ Ztan-t x
the above three terms
= 2tan-1 x - 2tan'l r + 2tan-r x = Ztan-r x
when 0 < r < 1, the sum of three terms =2tan-11 +2tan- tx +ztan-rr
= 6tan-rr
When ;r > 1, the sum of three terms
- ir- 2tan-1r + 2tan- i r + 2tan-l x - n= 2tan-t x
So. a=6,2,-2
Ifrvecheckatterminalpointsatr = + 1,0thenweget o
=6.Z Ans.

Inuerse Trigonometric Fmr,ctions 61

16. ' f...,)=tan-'f 1--l,o*, < 1, - 1<-:i' <0,0 <t-x <1

t1-rj
Ranse of f(x) =l;,;1. r., _t; . -
 of g(r) 11) (cot-L 2, rl4).
Range = (cot-1 2, cot-' = Ans.
17. sin-l(cos-1r + tan-1r + cot--1r) = sin-'f { n .or-'rl)
(z
Fordomain- 1s I + cos 1r < 1+- l-- I..o*-1r <1* 1
222
But0 S cos-lr ( nso no solution.

Similarly for cos- l(tan- r

r + cot - I r + sin- i x) = cos 'f | * .ir, ' *'l
\'2 )

- l s-I+ sin-lr < 1=+- n - 1S sin-rr < 1- I

222
- Iq9a rirr-lr <1- ^* - l< x< * cosl
sin-1(sss-1r)=+- 1< cos-r x <l=+0 3L +cosl ( cos-l x S x<1
cos-l(sin-1r)=- 1< sin-r r < 1=- sinl < r < sinl Ans.
rercise4
Match the Colurnns Type
1. (A) Consider ) cot '(r2 +n+ 1) where n = 1, 2,3, 4.

)tan-r1 t rriru+1) 1

I ]1" lll= tan l(n + 1) - tan"l(n)

)tan-'[]"
\1, rr{n+71)
S =4 +Tr+To+Tn
= [trr,-1(2) - to,, ' ttiJ *(tun' (B) - tan'rzl)*[tr,' (4) - tan''rsl)n
\
(tu, * tan lral) 'r$
= tan-l(5) - ta   1,
'(l,l = tan--,5-1 tan '2--
1+5 3

... (P)
zcot(-,-'i)= 2.1=3
2
+ Ans.

62 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

,((
(B) Wehavetanltan-'l t )l+tan-'i
-,i 1 - \l+...+tan-'l -,( 1 ^ ))
ll
l. \1+1'2i tt+2.3] \t+1e.20))
( ,l 2-t ) , I 3_ 2 ) ,( 20-19 \)
I U + 2'7) \1+ 2 3] \t+r9'20 ))
l
= tanftan-r 2 - tun-l1 + tan-13- tan-r 2 + ...+ tan- 20 -tan-1 19]
= tan(tan-
1
2o - tan 1 1)
 (
= tanl
[ ,/
tan'l \.t 20-1))
+ 2o.t))
|I
- 20-r
r+ 2o=
19
2t
- m.^.
= -(Grven)
n
.'.m-19,n=21 -- -
Hence (m + n)y"us = 40. Ans.
(C) Using,tan(cr +p) = rtalo + tlnp:andtan(arctan a)=aY ae R,wehave
1 - tancr tanB

tun( ur"tur, 1 * .r" tarrl tura I

I r y)I = tuJu..
\ 10/
11
+

=*t-.110
xy
=a=(r*10)(y-10)=101
The following four ordered pair of integer numbers are solutions of this equation :
(11", 111); (111, L1), (9, - 91), (- 91, 9) 4 ordered pairs Ans.
=
(D) We have sin-'(si.r12) + cos 1(cos12) = - (4r - 72) + (4r - 12) = 0
.'. ln - 2)x2 +8r + n + 4 >0 V r e .R
:+ (n-2) >0=n>3and(8)2 - 4@-2)(n+ 4') <0or n2 +2n-24>O
=) n> 4+n> 5
So,zsmaltest=5=(R) Ans.
2. (A) fz@) = f(f'(xD = fk) =x
fzk)=fffz@)=f(x'))=x
=) *3 - 25x2 + l75x - 375 = 0
(r-5)(x2 -2Ox +75)=0
(x-5)2(x-15)=o
= x=5, 15 = Q,S
(B) Range of f(fff@))) is [4, 17 ]
= Q, R, S
Domain of f(x) is [- 1, il.
(C) Ifr € [- 1,0), /(r) =8(r + n) + 5x + 4x - x =l6x + 8r
/(r)e[8r-16,8ni
If r e (0, 11,/(tr) =8r + 5x + 4x - x = l6x
(0,
(D)f(x)re[-1,0]
e 161+P, Q, R, S

Inuerse Trigon ometric Function s 63

l+x2
X+-=-'AX
2

x2 +6x +1=0=x= -6t€6- = -3t2J'

2
x = 2J2- 3+l10al= O - rol = s0 - 2oJ,
[po ]
I
 re[0, 1]

,y' +
l+x2
2 =',/A
l+x2 =2x=x =1=l10al=10
-
lroal = ro, lzoJz - sol

tltooll = 1, 10 P,R Ans.

3. (A) -B<-8.s=-10
23 <a<2 ax2+[x+o:0

ae {-3, -2,-1,0, I+PrQrRrS

(B) f@)=xz -Ix+b
,in-'[/tfl) r
\.4/ i. d"r,r"d
gof(x)= by v

-1af@)<lvr€t-1,11
4
-4<x2 *3x+bs4Vre[-1,il
fmln =f(+1)=b-2
I
f^*=f(-l)=b+4
=b-2>-4 and b+4<4
b>--2 and b<0 = bel-2,01
b=-Z-1,0 = P,Q,R
(C) f :R-->[-&-), fG)=x2 +6x+b
frni. = f(-3)=b-9
b-9=-8=b=1=S
L+z
(D) \[*ir-'i]'
(-tr-';)'
(x) = fog(x)=
h(x) 4) * 3 sin-l 4
T. n)
h(t)=tz +3t*2,t=sin-r{,f e I -
r'r) 4L
=lr*1'l'-1
\2) 4

h(t)l^u* occurs when / = andHf) l*i, occurs when f'=-3

2

h(l) l-;" = - 1"d h(f) l'u* = + .+ +2

...Range orfog k)= ,f .+ - r)
t-i
.'.Possible integers are 0, 1
= RrS Ans.

64 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

S,, = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + Tlwhere I be an integer.

S,, =873+71
 i= tz+.tt *t =+ [q"l = L24 + r
7 L7 )
,[+l 7I ? +7D
 L7)=868+ "
=s,,- []l
l7) =(8zB -(868+ 7r) =B

Now, sin-l(sin5) = sin-1 (sin (5 - 2x)) = 5 -2n + (P)

cos-l(cos5)=cos-r(cos(2n-5))= 2n-5 = (Q)
tan-l(tan 5) = tan-l(tan (5 - 2n)) = 5 - 2n :+ (P)
andcot-1(cot5) = 96;-1 (cot(5 - x)) = 5 - n + (S) Ans.
[{r}] = 0 I
(A) cos0=rlreR
logl=0J
I

(B) f(x)=0forreR.
r€(-1, 1)
12 e (0,1)
lx21=1xn1...... = o

(C) fk)fk\
=0
= cos-l (le*1- 1) + sin-r([e'])
For domain [e'] e [0, il or r 6 (- -, ln 2)
le'l=0or[e'']=1
f(x) = n
f(x) = *s + *2 + x + L* f'(x) =3x2 + 2x + I
f'(x)>o,vreR
* f(x) is increasing
s(x) -- -2+
l+x"
Range of g(r) is [- 1, 1j.
h(x) = 2(sin-1r + tan-r x) - n

' [ - s't "l

'=L 'rj'
Domain of h(x)is [- 1, il and range of h(x)
z
(A) Range of f(g(r)) is
tt'(e G 1), l'(g(lt.tl
=t/(- 1), /(1)l =+[0, 4]
a*b=4 = (S)
(B) Range of eff@)) = Range of g(x) = t- f" il
of integers in this range is 3. = (R)
(c) Number
I\{aximum value of g(r) occurs at r = 1.

and range of hk)t" [+,

l2 :.l
2)

e(h(x))l-u,=1+ (P)
-5n
 (D) Minimum value of rt.(g(/(r))) = minimum value of h(g(a;; = ft(g (-1)) = h
(- 1) =
2
Ans.
lAl= s = (T)

7. We have f(x) = tan-',lI --2(J5-1)

;' *21 r\
l*'*
I

\.f/
o-
Asr2 + -\>zJs (Using A.M. - G.M' inequalitY)
3C

+ *2 +a*z>2+ZJB
lc2
1

z t'r: - ul
a
u
f(r) l*.* = tan-l I = 2 =M, which occurs atr2 - =x-34
t2(JB + 1)J t2 x.-

/(r) f.1, = O = rrl,which occurs atr =0

(A) sin-l(2./T) = gtan-'
#)=; [t..,
2^li.=a=8r=1 = (S)
J'
3[tu"-'[tu"]i * tu" -,(o *,""T)l =,1H.
(B) cos-1'T + cos-l y =
L \ 24) ?]=
s l19r) = z^
\24 )

*2 -x*g=o("
'B
ct+B=l
CI,p=3
Hence, u0-(a +9)=2 = (Q) Ans.
a(x + L)'+ b

f(l) == 5, f(-t) = t
f(x)

L- t-) GRB prottems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

f{x) = (x + l)2 + 1 = 12 + 2a + 2
(A) /(r) > 1=+[sin-1 (ftx)))= [+l = 1= (Q)
12)
 (B) [1+ sgn (f@))] = 2= (It)
(c) [t*,,-'l-Ll-l=o (P)
L t f\xt )l =
(D) I
[z .ot-' [ ' rl
Lzr"'ll=S =
9. (A) We have, f(x) = Vr + sin-lr
(s) Ans.

Clearly, domain of f(x) = [-l 1]

Also, /(r) is increasing so /(r) is one-one function.
(B) /rrr =.* [1-.8 t t
\ r+ l.r l.,J
Df=R
Rf = {-'1,0, I even function
(c) For domain of f{x), we must have 8 - ?.tc - x2 >0
x2 +?-tc -8<0
+ (x+4)(x-2)<0
= x e[- 4,21
Rf = [0,3]
o-[x]
(D) fk't=1-
2t.Y
t
-2lxl-2x -21'l=0Vr<0 Ans.

Integer Answen Type

1. ltanr - rE l* l4 sin2tr -gl*lrur(tan'rr, -;i=O

tanr = JE,"irrr, = tan(tan-1r) _ I =0
i
.'. x - Ic i. ttt" solution of the inequality.

(r
d.

r)
tan ji.", ; ;) t." \[*t-'[ *P" +r))= tan(tan-I(lO
ll.lo
cot'l
t [ro; '-"'))l=
( n)) = 10 n
i
I

[10 n] = 31. Ans.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions 67

(r
l+l 1)
lx vl , / 1\
 ''
o"-'[]). tur-'[1)
\ v./
tan,-'f1) = tan.-1
V) l=l
\ *v)
=tan'l-l\7)

x+y _l
xy -7 7 =l>7x
+7Y=YY- 1
=(7 - y)x =-7y-t

+ x= 7v" +l =77( y -7 +7) + 1

-x-'l+-
50
y -7 y -7 y -7
Here, y= 99,L2, 17, 32, 5'7 are satisfyt. Ans.
E
- aor-'r, 4=, =t
n-o
cos-lr + cos-'
2

'r*.o"[f ,* -6
3. /(r) = cos 1-
3
4
f-7)= €, - r=, €
cos-lx + cos-r, - cos-l
2' = 2

--r-)c--Tl
=Zcos 6

:1,[,-(+)')=,(*).,(#).,[#).
.r(H)
*n *I*......+I=1oon =50.n
=n666663
p-16q=50-16x3=2 Ans.

o2

sgn (cot-1 o)
-l sen(1 + lbl)

-sa*s*[ 1 -- - L2+b2)
-zb-b-[
oz "
  - trA_- bz ' -lr*, _,
sgn (cot-1 o) sgn (1 + lb l)

Here, t--t^l = [--t "-l =0, sgn(cot-r o) = ssn(1 + lbl) = 1

lz*"') lz+a')
o2 - 3o+3=b2 -3b+3=1
(a = , b = l);(q = \ b =2);(a = l, b = 2);(a =2b b = 7)

Hence, number of ordered pairs (o, b,\ are 4. Ans.

68 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

. -1 Il
5. tan'tr+srn'x)-
-r
 2
tan-1r ) cos-1r
' 0B
ozp-
tancr 2 tanB
tan2 cr > tan2 B
tan2cr>sec2p-L
*'>4-t
x'
t+x2 >)
x4+*2-1>o
.-
liG
xel^l-
'

L '-1'']
(1.+P; =5+2=7 Ans.
6. We must have, 0 1 + 6 sin 0
4sin2 + sin0 = -
4
=sin0=L1+6solutions. Ans.

'1. $ ,ur-r[ r+r-a )

fr, [1+&(le+tt)
10

) tan-l (ft + 1) - tan*1 (&)

h=1

4.=tan-1 2-tan*L
Tz=tan-r 3-tan-1 2

4o = tan-1 I-1- tan-1 1o 12

S = tan-1 11 - tan-l 1 = tan-1 19 = .o1-r
12 10
cot(cot-r U)= 1? =6 =o =+0 + b=rr Ans.
\ ro) L0 5 b

8. We have o, = tan-1 t' tun-' --^-j- l

\9n' +3n-1-)
f
\ 1+(3ru + D(3n-D )
=-l=
= tan-, r:gle_glr'l
[1+(3n +DBn-D)
= tan-1(3n + 2) - tan-l (3ru - 1)
Sum of first 10 terms = Ir=1 ,, = r=1
| ttuo-t (3r + 2)- tan-1 (3r - 1))

Inuerse Trigonometric Functions

(tan-l 5 tan-1 2) + (tan-l8 - tanl 5)+....... +(tan-l 32 - tan-l 29)

 - -
= tan-1 82- tan-L 2 = tan-,
l#*)=
tan-1
|l = *",(*)
= cot-r IE']=
"ot-' \n/
[4)
\6/
=13andz=6.
Ans.
Hence, (2m + n) = 32
9. For domain of function,
- x2 + 5r +6 20+r2 - 5r +6 <0
+ (x-2)(r-B)<0
x elZ3l
= 1 [s 10.l
Now, [=.,+;=n.Lr,T.]
So, integral value of l. is 3.
"1"2
Ans'
Hence, =9.
'(t
Lo. rk=cos-r[;
r @\
Let d,.ffi)
*=1.rd y=#[cos-rr-cos-1 y="o.-t(rv *^ffA [-l4)
-1 F=
[-7 1/- k2 t?
- "l&-nc]n
k

Ft- f- t ,lG+tt'-L-JhG+D
1- &+t)2 h+\ k+l
?p isinformofcos-' t*y+ $:A 'Sll= cos-1 (v) - cos-l(r) ('.' y < x)

4 = cos-1 - cos-1 (i)''"o"t"uting ru = 2'3' 4 """

t#)
T2 co'= ' [*)- *' ' (;)
79 =
"ot ' (1)- -'-' (*)
:::
?-
'n = cos-r I
-Ll-.o"-'
[ru+i]
|,1 I
\n)

sum = ,r,j:
*. '[#]- "o,-' [])= -,-',0) - ""'-i (;)

70
 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

^TCItlt
LIfi=---=-
236
. a _n_t20r
n
"6k -- k, = 720 Ans.

Alternativ ely:Tp= cos l(L+ @

I Ha+u
Now, y2 = hz(h+ 1)2 - ft + G - t) t{,k + t) (h + \) + 2@
r+.{[-D(TrXkE)
I

=(k2 +k)2-l+(k2 *t)(hz +zal+z@1

=qh4 +k2 +zk3)-t-Itn +2ler -k2 -2h+z@1

=G+1)(h-l)(h2 +2k)
=2h2+2h-t+Z@
=(k2 +2hl+Ut2 -D+z@

nz = 6{4k + D)2 + (fa - r) ta +r)>2 - z@

y2 = GIH.n + D - {k - r) (k + tD2
y={tdk+D-{E-DGTT
4 = tarr-'I |TF;a - lT-Xr;l \
t + t,fu - rxa + Dl q[Un + at )
Tk = tan-tr,fWa al - tan lt{n - txn + ul
Tz = tan- 1
dr q - tan- 1(J5)
?s = tan-ltJdG) tan- reEZl
-
T, = tan-ltrFtrn+ nl- tan-;1r;--;
Sn = tan-1t1Ri+ zl - tan-r(16l
TTITI
I? -) @.D.-- =- - - =_
236
^ '6hit l20n
Jn
-- k=720 Ans.
-

11. f(*)will be minimum atx = 1=g(r)

2-2 = n

 
 7L
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions

-1r --_:1
=) sin-1r + tan-1 " =X,*sin-1r = cot-1.r +sin = sin-1
Jt+rz
1 x2 -1=o
- :( = - =xz(l+ *2) =7=xa +
Jt + *'

4y2= - 1t T-+ 4 =
2
-' & = rlli;1) = r"{# =. = \E=*rl]
\10/
)

),+h,=12 Ans.

t2. lVtrethod-I

^)

= ::::
2nn
- f(x\ = nr - fG)
2

g(r) will be maximum when f(r) will be minimum

g(r),ou* + /(r),oir, = nTt= 8n(given)
n=8 Ans.

Method-II
Let S(r) = sin-1r + sin-1r3 + sin-115 + '.'+ sin-1 *Zn-r
and C(x) =cos-1 r2 + cos-r x4 +cos-1r6 +'.. + cos-1'r2"

f(x) =S(r) + C(r) and s(r) = ," (:)- f@) = nn - f@)

\z)
Clearly, S(r) is monotonically increasing and C(r) is M.I' in [- 1, 0) and m'd' in (0, 1] '

.'. C(x) will be maximum at x = 0 and minimum at r =*1

f(x) = S(r) + C(x) will be minimum at x = - |
l--\
/(r)6,, = S(r)*i, + C(r)*i, =
"l;)* o=
+
(- nn\ lnr
g(r)-,* = rlft- /(r)*;n = nn - l. , )= ,

+ g(r)-u* ut=Bn(given)
/{r)*,n =ry2"=
n=8 Ans.

 
 T2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

rs. (r"srrf?"ot-'., - r)) n orcsrr(r- tan-rxJ-, + a=o

=(,,u*[icot-rr.,J)' .,[.*,,[, r.)+a=o togu,2=-t)

=
= )-
(,"*r,[ ? "ot-', . r))' * o(roru,(, - ? ru,-,, +a=o
JJ

=[,"*,( ?cot t, . r)) *,[ro*,,( r-ilf,- cot',)).). r=o

t /, , ,t2 /
=
[,"*,,[icot
1r - r))- *, +?cot-,,)) * a = o
[rosr,(r

= y' n ay + b= o where , =(rorrr(i*rt, - ,).)

Now it is given that equation y2 + ay + b = 0 has no real solutions so the roots of
*2 + o* + b = 0 should not lie in range of y.

ifr1, x2 ateroots ofr 2+

So, ax + b = 0 then these should not lie in the range ofy
(z
togv2[- cos
.e., 'r+r).)
xylx2erange ottogrr(?cot-1r + 1)

*(logur 3, logy2 1)
e\ogyr 3,0)
As 11, x2 both are (- ve) integral roots and e (togy2 B, 0)
So x1, )c2 e(- *, - 2l

Now, a=-(xr+x2)
omin. = - (max. of (xt + x))
Maximum ofr, + xz = - 2- 3=- 5

ominimum=-(-5)=5

14. a= tim
,-- i ,ur-rJ rorzn + u I
#r ltz, +l)4 - 4en+1)2 +161

 
 r
= ,--lim ltan-l
4-
n= L

2
{Using ; n4 - n2 =(n2 - d(n +n)l

= lim i,=tLf,",-' {[,.;)' * (, * 1)]- *" '{(".;)' (".;}]

{using: tan-1 tan-1r - tan-1v v r' v > 0}

, f r ,rg.l)
 L/ lltan-
= lim 'r=1L\ll 2) tA)= *
+ -tan-' f?-;)l
\4 {,u,,-'(T.l)-""-'[?-;)]
.{*,-'(? .r-*,-'(?-1)}. .
. .(, . ,{[, . .
;} -
tan- -
;)' ;)' [. ;)]]
{*"-,(,
=l*[{*,-'('f)-*"'(i)}.{""'[T)-*"'(f)].{*"-'(T)-*"'(T)}
* *{*"-'('.;)' -t.,-'('.;)}.i*'-'[," .;)' -(,"., ])]]
. ('.
;} - *"-'(1)]=; - *"'(:) ='"'(:)
=
J,*[{*"'('. })'
a
E
4l Ans.
:' (a2 + b2)i"u"1 = 42 + 52 = 16 + 25 =

15. tt"," .o,-'(i) - *"-'[#) =,

,,
+"x'v"
4] -x'y-
=oov.,- l---- 49 36
= CoS0
 

71 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

o, *1Y-^'
-+ cos2,=t - 4 -
r' *
rY coso *'r'
3634936
or gxz -lLry cos0+ 4y'=36(1-cos2e)=B6sin20 Ans.
16. As, we know that
rrr
sin-r r.
*=lz'il I-1, ye [0,nlandsec- 12.
I
=, "o.-'
So, sin-1r + cos-1 y + sec-',
L'2)
[0, I] rlt2'n-j
1 -l
n+n=
= 5,+ T.
Also, / 2 - Jzrt +gTt=t2 - z^E t * 51 5r
I - *en=(t- El' +_>_
't222(,'\z) 22
Hence, the given equation exists if equality holds, Le..
L.H.S. =R. H. S. = +  =x '
=1, = - 1, z = - t,t = ^8.
\z
Now, tan-1r + tan-1y + tan- l z + tan'' (9r\=n - n - n + I=0
[Jnl 4 4 4 4
So, sec(0) = 1 Ans.
17. As,[o] +t-ol=lo',if aeI
l-\ifaeI
= fil + t-.irr-t1r[o1
"J
iq d"Iiryq qnly for integral values of o.
a 1- a1; = 0
Also, S - l"l> 0=lol<B =-3 < o <8.
So, a=L,2,3(Given, ae R*)
Now, the given quadratic equation becomes
sx2 -%lx +fl=o
Clearly, discriminant=D=4a2 _ _sfll
.'. for cr, Be B, D > O =a = 2and1. 4 8 6_H =4(az
Hence, the sum of all values of a = 2 + B = 5. Ans.
Let ' =,
x" +l ...ffi
+
x2-yxz+y 0t
,e
x--ytc'=y
q\/

l- y
ye[0, 1)
ft-. It
-</(.r)<-
2 7t

b_z_n
*___z
a1l Ans.
4
 

19. For x 10,

-'l, 1
\.Jz
r"o" e + sin o)l =
)

[, - 1'].}, e - I. l-], -l
\-"-\.- +))' 4 \4'4)
"o.-'[.o"
l- :r\ l
lH - - l= - - tan-lr
= -
\ 4) 4
[r - t.n-t x:x <o
f@)=14
r >o
[trr-'r;
From'the graph, it is clear that equation /(r) = A has exactly two roots then
I) = to, b).
n.l .'2)
t4
r1.1)
. (+.2)_-:a
*: Ans.
Hence
'[; ;Jlt [; )x n = 6'
=

*'_- tl .irr-r[t2r' - ]i (r_' * ul = -

+
-
f(x) = ,rn-r(?-n =
)c'+L *z cos-1(zr2 1)
[ 1+r" / \ )

.r = col o=ifxe[0,il=e.[o,i]

ifxe[-],0)=r.[;,^]

f(x) = ' 1(cos

2o) =
"or-

Ir
l,) - 2e,2se [0, n] = e. . e [0,
[0, ;)-
1]

ln - (2n - 2s), %t - 20 e 1,,, za *u . rr,, . (;,{ e [- 1, 0)

tt [;,,.] =,
 

ro GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

[1-2"o.-'*, o<rS1
f@) =l2
z"i"-t x,- t < x <o
L f,-

a+b+p+q=22
-z- -z=-+
la+b+p+ql=4 Ans.

21. Domain = [_ ]" 1l

lr ('
fe) =1 t.in + cos-lx + tan-'' r) * - *-1)
lt (r + D2 +9

Ans.
/-,, =ftrr=]*fr= fi=u *E2,Iu[=47
lo/
22. S= $ lrurr-l 1 + tan-l? + tan-'9 *...+ tan-r19)
,,Ar\ n n n n)
Now consider

i{ turr-t 1 = tur-11+
g-vJ tan-'1 * t.rr-t I *....... + tan-1Ig + tarr-r A
#, n 2 3 10

10o
i{ t".r- '?=tur-r? +tun-l?+ tan- 1? +tar-12+ tan- '? * ....... + tan-rZ
,7, n 7 3 .2 4 5 10

10o
i{ trr-'
s
= tan- 19
+ tu.r-'9 + tan- 1 + tan- 19 + ta.r- 19
+ ....... + tan- 1a
#rnL234510
:: :

10
$ ,urr-' 10
n I 2 3 ---
= tan-119 + tan-119 + tan-'19+ tan-1
10
4 *....... + tan-119
,7, ,----,10
 

77
Inv er se Tri gono me tr ic Function s

=(ro -' z)*[t",-11+tan-1 a).(t'"-' * *"-'n) +"""'

s
i).(,*-'1+t",, ]

[45 such pair each pair have value equal to nl21

s=E
-222*45n=u9n =Zstr =+ k=25 Ans'

23.  ---a.J
sin h-tc +(t+ cos2r) + cosr
--J
>0for *t(0,{)'2) U""t"no solution'
*r> \'
>0 >0 >0

m=0

m.+n=0+L=1. Ans.

24. f@)= tu"-'a)

ni,(.o,-'|-
r -1
j["ot-' a" -' hllLl= tan-l k + n - tan-r h= nn
=
ul_,(*r-'i
- ta,,-'a) +
l- / k=-n
zeto
As fr
"ot-11=ta.-1
10 10
Ans'
I (nn+(n-1)n)= n=2
= n=2 ltz"-1)r=99n
f'(*) =gxz -3=3G2 -l)
/(-1)./(1) = (1 - 3 + sin-1 (a2 - 3a+ 2)) (- 1 + 3 + sin-1(o2 - 3o + 2)) < 0
(sin-l (a2 -3a+2)-2)(2+ sin-l (a2 -3a + 2)) <0
=
J T
always negative always positive
but -1<a2 -3a+2<l
{, .?l'-[YFl'.0
\ 2) \2)

"'1"-["#llL \ /.]
z
^ [s+vb]l[, _r=,6'll.o
_l
= ,'i)
[s-G
+aeL s+"El
_
 [s-G,-a*,[l-|o=r Ans.
=aelra-),, o

78 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

26. After rationalization.

n-,
S, = | sin-l

fr =sin-1 1- sln
. -1-
1
z,tr = sln'-,1- - sln-,1
^-andsoon

S, = sin-1 1- stn
-1
' f1
\n+
l=r-sin-,t-Ll
t) z [n + r.,J

cosS, = cosSr, =
*, #
100 cos See * 1 Ans.

27. wehave g(r) =1,

  L *sirr-' k ["irr-, -4-1
t+x,lI =, * L
=
t+x2)
.
As, stn-1
tl[-nr'ilnl
- r*rz
2rc

[.i,r-' 4-1=
1+*') - L,o,r -2b
L
Range of g(r) = {0, 1, 2, 3} for f(S@D < 0 V reE
+ /(0) < 0 and /(3) < 0
Now, /(0)<0=o-2<0+a<2
and fl3)<0=9-6a+a-2<0
a>-7
5 f(x): 2ax -a-2
".1\b
./n \
zl ^:-
)
n
Hence, lr, = l).k,=2
.'. +3k)=14+6=20
(10 fr1 Ans.
*'=] sin-r (sr:: ])=
lim sin ' - Ii
\?*r + 5) l, 12 + b j
o as.r-+-sin-rIr+3]-n
\%+5) 6

rim sin-r f ox'+ bl- n.

A=-
1
x+- [12+s] 6 2

Now,
 

Inu er s e Tr igano rnetr ic Functio n s 79

*ir-'fql = tan-1 1- tan -r

3
4="irr-r[\5/
l= sin-1 f +]
\5/ \Jsoi
b=L .'.b2 =2
a+b2 =1'Jz Ans.

29. f.,\=f
\--_
*-'1l'*rcsin-ra
2) 2) *r*'
2\-f sin-ri)'* t2
+6x+8)

-rr)('--'r -' -rr) -tx nz n

+6x+8)
sin-'aJ[cos-'7 - sin-' "sin' - -\x-
=("o.-rl*2 +
\ ;)*
x * -tO2+6r+8)
=Ico.-, -Tcsin-l1+nsin-r
'"-22-'--2---2L2'
= X(.o,-' I + sin-r
L).*,.2 +6x +at
=. $o2 + 6x +8)

Domain of f(x)isl- Z 4.
f(r) is increasing in|- \ 21.
- .gt1 = lo.rcz , btr2l
f{u)t'L; 2(a + b) = r(1* u Ans.
.. Range of ' 4 )
= X)=

Givencr=sin-r [ *x"-l,ret-l1]
\l+ )

a=2tan-1 xY xet-1"11
f-- rl
Hence, range of c is , ...(i)
lZ i)
, 13 cos
'"' v - 4 sin v\
{-
F= cos-' -:-:::j. el0,2rc1
l: ),t
Now, Scos rr - 4 sin Y € [- 5, 5]
t- e-] ...(ii)
of p is
... Range
I ; ,'l
(22
Also y = 2tan-1 - 4z + 5), ze R
y = 2tan-r ((z - 2)2 + t)
 [- \
.(iii)
... Range"rri.[j,^) ..

80 GRB Problems in Caleulus (Hints & Solutions)

IfB + yis minimum, then 0=

I and =
Y
;.
AIso, cr, p, y are angles of a triangle'

Now, o=;,B=fandy=I
a = 2 tan-r *= tan'{r= Z -
t-r = "fZ
3 cosY- 4 sin Y 1
=+cos
" 3'---r
b= - -
B
10 2
Scosy 4sinv < i , n 4
5-3
2n- tan-' j
-L
Y + 0 = 2n * Y = 2rc - 0=
d

., -, r- I = Ztan-r \zz - 4z +5\

-
z- '
-42+5=l+(z-D2
r-r-'
--O+z=2
-8-F - fi
Now, r+tany +z=(2-Jel*[+'].l - 3
2=4-*-"tZ-8-9"'r5
3 i3/ 3 =o c
a=8,b=27,c=3
d+b+c=38
 

i
#_e
*3

Limits, Conainuitr:
and DifferentiabilitY
lExercise-il I

Only One Correct Answer

  ,,( ,x2+br+c) ct(llx-+

c b ,r+c\
srn"l
-'^^
2 *b * n
2 a)
|

t )tox) +bx + c)2 ^'(.' , /\

I
cl
1. rlim ; lim
r+0 4(x - a) (r - ct)
-+0
l,r{\: I,):--+tx-atz
[z)
-. 02(r - cr)2 (x -P)2 ,,^ o2 (u
lrm ; ,^ Ans.
lrm r+0 z
- B)2 ==>C
r+({
z. AB = ff;
2(r-a)'
zrh - h' -;= ,E;i
P = 2'l2rh * 2.,6i n'
--.
P=2l16h.tEh-h')
2,Trh-hz 1
A= r- --:=nlzrn-n2
hx6;-
- h' Ozrz ^ffJ
_.4
hm - ;'l'o
]i11
h:0 p').=
=
thrt2 lu6 - ,Ei ' nf
lim
-o g |'t6h - ,lzrt - t'l'
lflll
rr
-_
-_--'
 rtr= 1281 r =(C)
8.8 (2r) (2r)u2
- Ans.

Alternative : Note that as /z --+ 0, b = |2 or 2b = a

L _ ab(bt _rUsins R=ob,
p3 4R.(a+2b13 "
I
Hence, 4L

82 9'l@J:o.9_ Spp-.i*"..c""g :t4y.l._(Hints&sotutions)

2b3
= 1 Ans.
4R64b3 28R =(C)
a).
f(x)=L9YxeQ
As, /(t) is continuous, so
f(x)= 19 Vr e I {/(r) isconstant}
evk))= \im + /'?d =.mT Bo1 = 2o v x e R. Ans.
4, Let /(q) = b* 1:1161= s
(q, f (o))
f(s, + h) = b - k*
f-r(b - k) = a + h
f(a - h) = b + k+ f-l(b + k) = s - 7,
Now L.H.D. of f -1(x) at x = f (a) = b v= f(x)

(f-tl,rb-)
  = lim
f-rtu - tzl - f -1 tu) ,.^ a+h-s,
h+0
,. {b-ti-b
(h-b\-h
1 - n-+of(a+D-f@)
h.+(
1
i'\
1
= =
1r" * n1- 1^, ,,-.r= r
h
ill/y Now R.H.D. of f -1(x) atx = f (ci = b
t1* o] - /. to' Ii-
(f -1)'6* ) = li* /-'(o+k)-f-'(u) (a-h)-a
h+o = (b - k) - b h+o f (a - h) - f(a)

=lim,---* 1 =l
^= f,(a-) I
n+o f(a - h) - f(d
Ans.

-h
fiter : Verification by taking an example
j=I\x)=l [-a*, forr <o
l- 21c, for r >0

f,(o_) = -3= I
f'(0*) = -2=r
t _",
for y>0
8\J)=1=l - -\Y)=
1- -
l-r.,
t_.,
for y<0
 l;,
g'(0*) = 31
f'(o*)=-1=1 v: f(x)

_1 1

8'(0-) = '2r Ans.

B3
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
1
rlc ]
'f-l
Note : If / urd r are positive, then L.H.D. and Rl-H.D. of and if / and r are
I 'inJ t'
II
negative ttren L.H.D. and R.H.D. are I end tfni*l
i.
a.o=r=1
81' 9
5. Clearly, f(x) = x2,L<xsL
x4rx>l

Clearly, /(r) is non-differentiable ut * = *, 1

I
Sum of dquares ofreciprocals = 92 + I = 82
1) = 1) = (1) = 1
6. As f is continuous =,lim /(r - f(- f
Also,
,hnq
S(-r) =
,lijl B(r) =3

Now, verify alternatives. A:rs.

7. CIearly,
-. fths+3h+2)-fQt ,. f'(h2+3h+2\'t3h2+3) - 6'3 I
limr#=hI11+=-='
i':in Seh-Zhz +1)-fl1) i'-o 1'Qh-2h2 +DQ- 4h) 4'2 4
(Using L'Hospitai RuIe.) Ans.
(1 +P(r))v" -1r
8. / =rtrm (Using binomial expansion)
-0 X

og*3 +.. ,]
=o'1.
x t1.

9. Since, /(r) is continuous V r e R.

log(x2 + lzx + k + L)>0 V r e .B
and x2 + lz+0Y x e R
 x2 +kx+k+7>1Vre -R

and k,>0
x2+kx+k>OYxeR
D <o=h2 - 4t?<o
lz e 10, 41

But h>o
(0, 4l Ans.

8.1 GHB Pygblgm-s in Calculr1g (/{-iry-{s A_,S9 .u i9ns.)..

10. /(r) is non-differentiable at x = a, F,0, Y, 6

(r)
and g is non-differentiable at r = cr, 0, o, - 2,2=(B)
b
11. This limit will not exist, when sin ' l+ x'"=-1,0, 1

.= - L (two values of x) y=ni2

v: I

Also, sin-l t-?-\Z=o

+ x' I
(one value of x)
x:1 x
It v:' I

\ ' (two varues of x)

., - 1

12. Consider a general triangle

-1)2
(APn * r)2 - {AP;2 = (PnPn *1)2 = (2"
Put n = 1,2,3, ......., n
(AP)2 *(AP)2 =(PtP)2 =l Pn+ 1

(Ah)2 -(AP)z =(P2Ps)z =22

(APiz -(Ah)2 =(PsP. t2 =(22)2 2n-l
:::: Pn
-r1z
(AP, * )2 - (AP,)z = (PuPn *t)2 = (2n

(AP,,*)2 -(AP)z =l+22 +(22)2 +(23)2 +....... +(2"-112 = 22"-l =-4" -l

\-w-
_1
22 -t 3
G.P. with common ratio 22

(AP,, =
4u -1 , 4"
+1= - +2-=(AP,*r)=rl
 *r)2
33
Now, sin 0 =
lPnP,*rl 2'-r 2" JE
lAP,,,tl la12 {a, * 2 z
Ie lo
S
=1=sin0=v'aSn-+-=0=tr
23 Ans.

-.
lim laxz ' "-"+ cl"r 1= lim la(x-cr)+(r-F)l
+bx
x+tn '*"-
13. =
ax2 +bx+c x)nL aG-cr)(r-0)
If o < 0 and o < m < pthen
a(m-cr)(m-p)>0
+Limit is one =C Ans.

Limits, Continu ity an,d Differentiability 85

14. 2f(x) f(y) = f(x - y) + fG + y)Y x, y e R ...(i)

putx=Q=y,weget
2f2(o)=2f(o)=/(o)=1 (As /(o) * 0)
Put r =0 in (i), we get
2f(0) f'(y) = f(- y) + f(y) =+ f(y) = f(-y) v y e fi
f'(y)=-f'(-y)
Puty = l,weget f'(l) + f'(-l)=O Ans.
15. From the 1"t graph if r e (- a, a) then no value of y and hence f(r) must be
negative in (- o, o). Also from the above two graph if r e [- b, - a)vla, b] then /(r)
is positive and hence from the given graphs, graph of fk) is as follows.

Clearly, f(r) is discontinuous at 2 points in [-b, b] and non-differentiable at 3

oints in (-b, b). Ans.
16. (r - o1)(r - o1)(x - a)(x - cts)......(x - ct,,) =xn*r -5x2+6r-3
(x a2)(r a3) .......(x o; -5x2+6r-B
- - - =t (x - a)2
*n+t - 5x2 +6x - 3
(o,1 - cr2) (cr1 - cr3) ....(ot - crn) = J +01
Iim
(x - a)2
 (n+7)x'-10x+6
h= I +01 lim
2k-a)
k= IrGl
lim
n(n+l)x"-1 -10
2
n(n + 1) oi-1 - 10
h=
ru(n + 1) 0l-1 - l0 = 2k
n(n + 1) cri-1 - 2k = lO Ans.

17. lim
(r - f(x)) (t + f(v1 + f2(x)) = 9 rio' [t
- /rxt)
c -+0
-(sin2*) , 5r-o[ *2 )
cl , l'x-
\ .r- )

86 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

3 .. / 1- cos2r.cos4x'cos6r'cosSr'cos10x'\ 3 f 22 +42+62+82+102)
=bJTil- J=b[. 2 -J
=?zrll2
+ 22 + "' + 52)
=
q, 5'6'11
- 66 Ans.
5-[ 2 ) 5 6

18. In vicinity of x = 0,lsin-' ,l , Ei

""' r^ > l, in vicinity of r = 0.

1
sin-
= x
l=13+23+33 +...+n3

_(n@:L)l
[2) =1oo + n=4 Ans.
Note : f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0,
19. For limit to exist,
x -lx1=x,atr = cr + hota-h r(o )<:
+h]=s
because r1o+y = o, but
i l]i]. I- 3
,rrj)[o
oe(0, 1) Ans.

+ */0))
,.
h-+o
t,
(f@t 2f{zh)\)[_(f(%\ z )
h
 _,r^f(2h) - f(o)
h+a 2h

f'(x) = f'(o)
f(x)=f'(0)x+X
As f(o) = s
= f(x) = f'(O)x + 5
Also l'' Q) = f '(0) f'(5)=/'(0)=-1
+ f'(o) = t =
Hence, fG)=5-x Ans.

2t.o=liml- =n
' n--[14-Js+2sino)] l'
G-Ji+2sin0)2

87
Limits, Continuity and Differ entiability

)"

r ltr*"*
'=J'el 2+sine- z)
If 0 e [0. l)=sino. [0, f]+p exl st.
does not e>
\'3l z/ I
rr oe (;, ;) = sin r. r) = r =o
[*,
... For existence of limit e=
fi =p
=i = *;b L

.n+cosg=1a9os9=1+19,)

[+'l
Hence, pp2 I Ans.

f(il [- r],,'
=Iog,(ollrl +
l"-- I a+or'r
I

I ]

I" o'lg--.I
t ') _-?,
I log,
' 'o / -28-5\
) *lo ., I r>o
II r 2 -o)
ts+o. /[3+o"
J

tdt^ Zr-5 \
,,,e.
-._._l
 r(x) =l,o*, o'l+1, .o ;., f(x) = xl
[3 + o-'*
I<U

Ilo t3+o')
/

r=0 0 r =0

I -2h-5\
h({::\-o -nl?
\.r+o
,,^ l-o
. \aB+aun ) )
=0aso>0
'(0")= lt5f =0aso>0:f,(0-)=Iim
/r
+o -h
Ans.
Differentiable and continuous atx = 0'
Area of the parallelogram outside the circle
= Area of parallelogram - Area of sector
OPQ

(1. z - .0 = sino - 9 = ftg

=
\2 ""'-
)-
"ire) z 2

88 GRB Problems in. CalcultLs (Hints & Solutions)

t'to-'=e
Hence. e;o
Iim49) li*
0 = o+o 0 2 I2
1-1= Ans.
11 o
" . 1= 7 ooints. Ans.
24. f(il = [4 sinrl - 7; f(x) is discontinuous, when sinr 4' 2' 4'
25. P(r) is an even function. Ans.

So,it is symmetrical aboutY-axis.

P(- 1) = P(1) = land Pe D = P(2) = - 5

Graph of P(x) showing minimum number of distinct real zeroes

26. S, = 1+3+7 + 13 + 2l+...tt,
S, = 1+3+7 + 13+ ...*t,-r *t,
0 = 1 + 2 + 4 +6 + 8 + ...+ (t, -t,r_1) - t,,
 tn =l+ 2 + 4+ 6 +8*... +(/, -t,,-r)
=1*'-112x2+ln-2tx21
2

=l+(n_ l)n=n2 -n+l

n2 -n.+l-n2 =_12
lim(Jn2 -n+l -z)= DJ@ iim Ans.
n2 -n+l+
1 1
27. f(u) = = as u(r) =
u -ou +l1u-G (u-L)(u-2)(u-3)' x
1
So, f=
[]-,)t] ,j[]-,J
/is discontinuous atx =r,i,*,0. Ans.

89
Limits, Continuity and Differentiabilitl'

lim r" =1
28. We know thatr -o'
Iim(r'-1)=0
* -+0

*,,' - 1) +(** o"' *'" u-,"' - ..)

p(xr -1)
- rr
L=-----a^ [,
So.
v' lim 2\r _ = lim
x _0. A. -tl' (r' + 1)2
, _O- ttr l)2
(x* -
.' -_ .- + (r'
1)2 .- -- --. -
1)3
+... / 1) 11\ 1
2t DI Ans.
=r lim - [2.,][+] I
--+ 0+ a. -tl' (r' + L)z
1(cosr)}
sin-
f(x) = max. {sinr,

points'
Clearly, f(r) is continuous but non-differentiable at infrnite

ftxl + e* .e'
,2
tf(xlt2 -le* + e*'\ <0

ff(x)-e')ffG) -e')S0
2
 2""
e*" < ftx) < e* ;Y x e (0, 1)
;V r e (1, -)
2
<
e* f(x) 3 e*-
2
Iim(e') = lim(e' ) = e
r+1 r+1
Ans.
Hence, /(r) = e by sandwich theorem'
rISr,

31. (A) As, sinr <rVr >0=sinr -r =0hasnoroott"(,O':)

--\' 2)
(B) tanr > xV xe[,,;)=tanx -r =0hasnorootin['';)
(C) The statement is true by extreme value theorem'
(Property of continuous function in closed interval)
given statement is
(D) The function g(r) is not given continuous in [3,5] so the
Ans.
not alwaYs true.

90 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

11. 15
32. Atr = o.-q.1.
'2'2' 2' 2

f(r) is integer and g(r) is continuous. Ans'

33. Sincef(rr) = f(x)Y x1,x2e R
.'./(r) must be constant
Hence, p2 -]-=o=+p=t1
q2 +2q-3=0+Q=-3, 1

.'. Largest possible value of ltr + Ans.

d= 4.
ln(sec(ex) sec(e2r)' sec(e3r) ... sec(esor))
84. lim
r -+0 (e2-
1"':' - 1).2(1- il .*,
-"2"o"* 1oq

z-2cosr x2
ln(sec(er) sec(e2r) ... sec(e50r))
= rlim oo
-+0 e'x "
ln(1 + sec(er) sec(e2x) ... sec(e50r) - 1)
= rIim no
-r0 e'x'
sec(er) sec(e2x). sec(e3r)... sec(esor) -1
= rlim
-+0
,,
e'x -
Apply L'Hospital Rule, get

-=T
- n2 + e4 + e6 +... + eloo - "2((e2)50 -
2e2k2 - t)
l) ,'oo - 1
=
z(e2 - t)
Ans.

(pz -t)(x-2)-2; -2<x<-l

 35. f(Y) = -2(p'-l)-2; x=-1
( e' + e-')
sl+l+lPltr-1);
)
-t<x<2

- t) - z= ' - r) - 2= - ,,r,
-s(p2 2(P2
4{l#l
+ P=t1,q=0
l-z; -2<x<-l
ftil=l-Z; x=-l
Lr-r' -r<x<2
r,-, = Not defined. Ans.
{{i+)))=,[{#))=

Dffi renti:gl@ 91
Limits, Continuity and

I r(r - 1) 2V + 2) 20151
36.Given, O,=1 r'r I
4r
-6
ol
l
I

rake r common rrom r,.:,lf"r1l1ti,lTru,

L'=r2l' 1 1 -e I

11 4 o I

lr2t, - t) 2r2(r + 2) 2015r2l

A,=] 1 1 -6
4 o I

lt -rt" 2213 + 4:r'z zors:'r'z

Now, r=1
io, = lt"
r | 4 0 ]

t$^) 11 I ol
Hence,
t*l+;l=il I ;i=u(, -il=B Ans

t l'" "l J
37. As, (r + sinx -.r cosr - tanx) = x(l -cosr) + ti"'[f
*)- cosr)
=I (1 - cosr) - tanr(l - cosr) =(x - lanx)'(1
 (x - tanx )(t - "gry)
I t )\ *z ) = exist and non-zero,
So,,Iirlg
,, -,
So, n'=5 Ans'
-
88. wehave, "-=ll+J-.'-t#)]
* r-l-' *'l '
L\ m, -
- * ] =(*
(d*)il- =IS-LJ-*' -l. m ) [[,.,-
l\- +l'
*) - rl-'
-l
'[[,. ' 1 (e r,-' =
),:J,^)'- =;T{,.;) *)- -,] = - ] An*

1
39' Let f(x\=x*
t,t^.\ -".irt.r, -1)
l'\x) = r-
= [ ,, ,)

92 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

lfx > e then f(x) is decreasing

2010 > 2009 < f(2009)
11
(2010)2010 < (2009)2ooe
= fQ070)
=
(2010)2ooe < (2oog)2010
=
( l:
nm ] trzooo;2010;n + ((2010)2oon,' I
n +_[ ]

-;1':'-"""' {r.' [ggg::]"]]

= rim(200e,,0,0
lrzoogrro,o ,l
= (200e)2010 Ans.
l^ I

40. L=x+o-[
Iim f cot-rtlnrrlll-t"'
r )
,r-,
,,- Ito,-tln(x)-nlr-tn*r I.* .ot "-ln'',In..,
r I n
=er-o+l -"x-o'
ri 1 l
tan -l -
\ tn*,1
- llm
,-';. II l)tr -r
_e lnxl
=gft
/ r 1, l

L.H.L.=ft0-)=er Ex -e n

_1
n =l? Ans.
 /(0*)= f(0 )=e
41. In right vicinity of x = n cotr -+ + @ = 2cotx ,3cotx, 5tot' --; -
In leftvicinity ofx = n cotx -+ - @:+ zcotx )gcotx, s"ot' -+ o
/2\tot'
I I +ti3)"ot*
I - 2
-b+
i. s,t \ 5/ 5 cotr -5
.'. R.H.L. lim
" -1
\tot't
-r*
x -)n*  4 / 3\"ot 1
I
I s,]
I
' (s,t
+l- l

5 cotr
ocotx ocotJ
5.5"ot* + 2
L.H.L. lim
z t o - ?= 2+l = D.N.E. Ans.
x -)fr 4cotx *2utx _ 5cotr *1 1

42. Put x=X +h

 =x
lfu + h) - f@)l<lhl3
fi.r, f(x
+ b-f@)l<u*a,
i-+ol
I

h I a-o
l/'(r) l< 0

93
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilit'y

lf '(x)l= 0 f@) -- constant

/(r) =
= 100
Ans.
Hence, f(20) = 100
43. '.' f(x) = ln g(r)
f(x+1)=ln8(r+1)
:.f (x +1) - /(r) = 1n g(r + 1) - In g (r)
=118(r+1)=h(r+1)
g (r)
f' \x + tl - f'tx\ = 1--
- ' x+l
Putting x = 1,2,3......-n and adding, we get 1
(f' (2) -f'(1)) + (f' (3) - f' (2)) +"""" + (f' (n + * 1 *...... *
- f' h))= 123
1'11
n+l
-
f'(n+1) - f'(D =I *I *.....'* 1- Ans.
= 2 3 n+l
44. fJ. %) f(x) (Given)
=
e'u _L e'-l

-f(x) =,[;) ='(n^) = . . ='(h)

 
e* - ' '"
e2-l e2" -\ e2" -l
 "(
*\
) f(D
e* -l
lim
= ,-* '\z;')= _Iim-
i'--onn -t
t y=
h+o h  y,t9;t9=
4+=.rim f'(o)
_,
"),
f(x)=e* -l
*
ri* [ e'x-t 1l - o,"''0"' *)-
1

H- [I 1)] = r+ol = e' Ans.

9

x 'o\ x ) l

+l
45. 13(x) - 6f2(x)+ 11 f(r) - 6 = o

->-
-+-
ffzk) - 3f (r) + 2) (f(x) - 3) = o l uay ,l,f-jluv
(f(il - 1) (/(r) - 2; (f('x) -3) = 0
- f(x)=1or2or3
(i) If L.H.L. + R.H.L. * /(0)
Then number of such functions = 3l= 6. (See diagfam)
(ii) If any two of L.H.L. /(0- ), R.H.L. /(0n ) and f(0) are equal and third one is not
x 2C, 1g
equal then number of such functions - ,
'C ^
3C
z = '

94 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Number of such functions = 24 Ans.

Alternative: Total number of functions are=33 = 27

Total number of continuous functions = 3
Hence, total number of discontinuous functions = 2l - 3 = 24. Ans.
lL-zt t<o
l- lfk-t\.0sr(1
46. Givenf(r)=.{1, 0 s, s--1+g(*)
o\--7=.1"'-'" t<x32
r- ;--;
t>t [3-r,
lzt-t I
l3-% osrSl
=) g(x)=tr_r, l<x<2
.'.The function g(c) is discontinuous at r-t as

lim
x+l
g(r) does not exist.

So, g(r) is non-derivable atr = 1. Ans.

0, x=-l
x2, -1<r<1
47. ?-x -1\ l<x <2
x2 -\ 2<x<4
, x=4
Clearly, /(r) is discontinuous at r = - 1 and x = 4 in[-L, 4lbut f(x) is derivable
everywhere in (- 1, 4).
 .'.m=2andn=0
Hence, m* n=2 Ans.

,3 - 1 forr<0
- i4 t l* - 2l+ lx + 2l) for0< r < 2
1
48. f@) =l

f,U*-ri+tx+2l)
7 -xJ forx>2

flr) is continuous
:.p=flandq=1
every where but non-derivable at x = 2 only.
Ans.

49.'; a. I=+€. rirA < landM . sinsA < 1

a
3228
0< sinA - sin3A < landsinA + sinsA > 1
xeQ
f(*l={o*''
'
l\x-b, xeQ

Limits, Continuity and Differentidbility 95

/(r) is continuous aL x = 2 and 3.

arr2 = 5x - bshouldhave roots 2 and 3 =o*2 - 5x + b =0

1= 5+a= land b =6+b =6

,'.b-a=6 Ans.

.'.F(r) is differentiable in (0, *).

-x
60.
Hence, must exist and is finite'
Jgift.l

,
.'. = f(x) must have a horizontal
only,Iim will exist.
asymptote as r -) * then
/(r)
1

If y - - a then lim /(r) --> -.

f@) has an inclined asymptotes as ,c
)C x --s*

_)€
/(r) has a horizontal asYmPtote
Hence, + 0
l, l"rz
)]y*f'(r)
(C) (also see figure for /(r) = tan-1 r)
=
e.g., Take the examPle given
^l\-.
" |
j
1 "'*l=tun-'*
 (0,
(i) r sin x which is differentiable
Let f(x) = in -)'
111
f'(*)=sin:--cos-
xxx
( 1\ ( 1 1 cos-1l
fk\ + f'(x) =lx sin: I + I\ sin x- - x- x)
r r/ I

"1*-t ,']y*-o
Hence, lim /(r) = L and lim l"(r) = 0
IJ@ I-)@
Ans.

(ii) f(x) = tan-l r in (0, -)

Linked Comprelrension TYPe

Paragraph for Question Nos. 1 and 2

(i) lim(flr) + 2) =0= "rQ
lim f(x) = - 2
X+6

96 GRBProbtemsinCatcuty'*
GRBProbtemsinCatcuty'* ti:: **..8e Y". "i^
"i^o-np)
o-np)

- 2=- Zlog2a = - 2=a = 2 Ans.

(ii) g(0*) = 0, g(0) = 0 and 8(0-) = - 1

discontinuous at r = 0
g(r) is discontinuous
= Ans.
s(o-) * g (0n)

Paragraph for Question Nos. 3 to 5

The equation will satisfy if a = 2, F =t 1'

osI- 2<l+6<y<9
3
(i) cr= Z9= 1,T=6,7,8
Number of ordered triplets (cr, F, y) is 6. Ans.
 (ii),,,,r * ['i"z'.1 * [=t"t'11 = b + 6 + 7 = 18 Ans.

, I
l[""u'-l L
t"' *'1'blrl
(iii) P = 2 L ),, I ,
lrr\ .r
r tannl
l44)
I

ls -2tan -.x,)
ti.,.,
1l
-e )"

r *2 \
I

8 )
l3-2tm n, -1 ta
\ lrr\I
ti-
r ,Z\
tan
rnL
\44)
l

e
8 ) '=eL )"

)"= lim z(t-

tant---xl),,tan -x
rc\
It 1l
l
8) )
I

x-2 \ 8 \ .4 )
(tn) (n\
2ta1n
rnl tx + tan
r) It8) Ir.Jr
= x-2 I tan--x
nm z11- 8 )). z( n) = x+2
lim t+tanlllr -9
l-\

r-tarr2lI],
s.] I \8,]

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 6 and 7

Pk)=@2 -4)((x2 -t)(x2 -g)+1) =(*2 -4)(xa - 1012 +10)
sin P(r) P(x) ,. (.r 2 - 4\ txa - 1Ox2 + 10)
-.
tir lim p(x) '. llm =-14 Ans.
"' ,'liz --=- 4) ''3lz
(x2 *2 - 4

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 97

r_\- Jrn - ror' * ro *'-(*n

,.*,-ll*' l_ lim -1012+r"o) Ans.
" ,.rr* 1 I 2
- 1012 + 10
[
xc

)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 8 to lO
(i) If cr -e -, then a --> 0
P(x)=bx+c
Now, P(2) =2b + c =9andP'(3) = b= 5*c = -l+PG) = 5r -1
4

Now, -t=:
tF
[ff-i]
.rtr
tr- formr = 5r
'-r
e'limr5r-1-5r*i), -5 ' = n5 Ans.

(ii) When ct, p -+ -then a, b -+0

P(x) = c, but P(2) = 9 =+P(r) = 9
JPt') -g = li* 3-3 =o [sirr."
Now. x,,* sin Exact zero
=ol e,".
-s (r -3) -3 sin k -B)
: tending towards zero L

(iii) For cr = 0, P(x) = a (x - a)2

 AsP(2)=9+P(2) =a(2-a)2 =9 +a
(2- a)'
9 ..(r-u)2
Now, fir,
'=t [r-
L
tan2 1,n -t*
\4 - ",]"1(e'-o
))
- 1)

=
-.9
116
(x - s)2
+a ()- s)2
--. 1+ tan (; -,, - ",)l - ,,, [; -,, - *r)] t,'- " _1)
[,
Puttingff = cr + h,we get
9 h2
i"j', \2_ d,
-=lim
|-r;r \4 ))L 14 o ));*,1
L
_olm;"1 ,, _
1

o
J h2
llm
-.

n -+o (2
- u)2
z(r-t-tanh)rr, -r,
-
[ 1 + tanh)
lim
o
" h2(l+ tanh) 9
lim "
o 9
(2- o)2 .z ztay
=
u+o{(2-a)2 1.6
Ans.
n-+o
.ko .n, r) 4 (2 - a)2
hh

98 GRB Problems in Calutlus (Hints & Solutions)

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 11 to 13

P(x) = *5 - gxn * p*3 - 27x2 +qx + r
'.' P.l-) is divisible by r 2

Q=r=A
P(r) = *" -gxn * p*3 - 27 xz

ItiJ = r, - 9r, * p* - zi ,11;

xt \.,
cr,p,ye.Rn

a+B+^l*9,tt-fiY"=27
A.M. of cr, B, , = t1P t-l '= 3
d

G.M. of u, B, y = lupy)1ti3 = i27;\t3 = i7

'.'A.M. = G.M.
= a - 0- y

3U=9::ifcL=3=0=Y
P=c;"F+0Y+Yiu=2"i
 (i) p+qtr=27+0+0=27 ,\ '

(ii) o * 1= 2,p+3 = 6,l, + 7 - 10

.'. S,, = 2 + 6 +10 + ........to nterrns = 2(I +3 + 5 +......to nterrnsi =, )n':

,,--,: yS,,'S,,- r,i.lz,,'2 - Ii2 2,,1rn(rt - 1)

.2tn 2,r1r\' rt -7 n )

1r1 1 1 1 \ 1
ztt 2 2 3 """' ) =-l---+---..+. ml=- Ans.
z

(ur) .. /r 1 1 1l
hm l_+____ + _- +......+____| {'.'s=r=0}
, ,,- \27 t27)2 t27 )r r27 )n t

1
1 1 1 br_=\ Ans.
 
-+ (rrf* eTrt*""'6=
-r: 27
=
za ^.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16
According to given information, we must have /(r) a polynomial of degree 4 with
leading coefficient 3.
So, f(x) =3(x - 2) (r - 3) (r + 1) (r + 6) + (x2 + l)
(i) /(0) = 109 Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 0Cl

(ii) -. f(x\- "-

lim ''"- 12 -1-=
lim
3(x-2)@-3)(r+1)(r+6)
=(-8)(-9)(-5) =-360 Ans.
r+-6 3(r+6) r;6 3(r+6)
(iii)We have B(r)= j+-= 2
1
2
(r + 1) -3(r - 2)(x -3)(x+ 1)(r +6) -(r + 1)

= -1
(x - 2)(r -3)(r + 1) (x -:-x€-0,-1,2,8
+ 6)
f --

l, so points of discontinuous are three i.e.,x = - 6,- 1,2,

--

Butrel +, I
t_2.2) Ans.

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 17

.lr-) = .f1) 1 to 19
1 . 1-2+t2--and
11 ,.11'l
/l;| tt-t= -
'\2) 4 2--+r=- 4 4 I l-;i= P
\.-) \Lr
As, / is continuous at x = 2, ,o O =*.

Now, /tl ) = t''$) = pand /'t1' 1 = q t 4

As,l'is alsocontinuousatr - so p = q+ 4=+q_ ] - +- 11- 16 - 5

 ' 4 4 -q= 4

I..--**s.
I..--**S. --.r.1-2
--.r.1
so, fi*t=J
rt*r=l 1.
'42 , 1.r<t
1.r.1
A
"x+4 1<x<*
l+

y : 1ll4
,:*2-1+3
lq
5

I
1

Graph of f(x)
As,g(x)iscontinuorrsatx = 0, so*lim =, -, ...(i)

['t#YJ
 

100 GRB Problerns in Co.lculus (trIints & Solutions)

As, above limit exist, so d + b = 0 =b = -a

(t- cosr\
+ o ,-.
lim | -,- l=a-7
-o\ *2 )
9=o-l=a=2ct-2=)a=2
2
.A-_9

^ I - cosx) .r+U
l'2 (1
So.s(r)=l -.2
r=0
JL

[1,
le Graph of h(xt
and i(r) - ]r'+
1' r < 1

[*' + I x > 1 [Note: gtx)=0 = cosr=1 + x=2nn,

nE I. But S(0) = tl
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 20 to 22
 h(f\x)) 2(4sin2x-1)+1 8sin2r-1 - 2
" gtf(x)l 2\4sinzx-1)-1 8sinzr-B gsin2r-3
Hence. ranse i" i- -. 1 L I Z. - l.

's.l -Ls'-
2(4 sin2r
I
I tl"lt -
Arite* y" = 4-l \t - 1) +
=? =8sin
zr.
- r =8( sinzx \y - By
g( ftx)\ 2(4 sin2x - 1) -1 gsin2x _ B1

]t),6s-31:1
= 3y-1=8sin2 x(y-l)=sinz *= 8(3,-1, .1
8i.y-lt
Now,
3v-1
...(i)
8(y - 1)

...(ii)

t
1,€l--.-lt_tl
r1 t -l Ans.
\ ol
J-.,] a
I

L
I

(ii) ,.
Irm f(sin 1.r)
4 sin2 (sin-1r) -' -: = Iim (?-x +l)=2
- 1 linl 4"2-1
1 o1y)
- hrrr
7 9. 't Ans.
x- no x- 1 ?a: -1 J+ oo - - r+
1

t*ry:lt:,9"tittyit-t, art . ::i ,

, iiobilitl, 101

1
(iii) lirn f(sin
----
h@)-3 =kx) IIm 4 sin2 (sin-lfrr)
?-x +l
- 1- B
x) -1
2
, -.i
=,T'
-. 4k2x2 -
z- .I
4

Here,Nrmustbezero, k2 - 4=0= k=t2.

-. 4(4x2 - lt Ans.
*--l 22 ?.lc+l *-ll

Paragraph fgr [fuestion Nos. 23 and,24

(i) Ifr e (-20)thenr+1e (-1, 1)=(r+1)2e [0, 1)
(x +l)2" -+0as n-)@
*2 +"?tr + 1)-2'
f(x) = rr*
--J(r +l)2'*r +x2 +l =x2+l
:' =f(xt= 1- -1
x2 +l
 I a\ [-- -l
/tx) e € (-2,0)
Io,i,]- li,,;)as,.r
-:-;x e (- 2,0\
^"2

x" + t
fG) = J -r(- -, - 2) u(0, -); f@) =tanl ...e = tan*l (/(r))
r+1
  x =0
a.o
)L-a

= s(x) =*"[;,a-1ffi])=r,,, = *"(; 2tanl /{,))../(,) e [0, 4)5)

= fG)
I L\
So. range ofgtxt,.iO. Ans.
;
J

iit Ifr < - 2then, * r. -1and (x +7)2'' -)€as n)@

*2 L')
x2 +2(x+l)2" (x + l)2" 2
Iim
;;:(n +1y2"+t + x2 +l =
Iim
r+1+ x2+L x +l
G + \)2"
f(x) e G 2, 0) asr e (- *, - 2)

102 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(- 31, 1,
If r e -, - t't then f(x) e [-\ 0) c)
So,g(r) = tanl l.Ztan-t ltxtl= fk) =
o
\2 ) x+7
Ifr e (- 3, - 2) then /(r) e(- 2, - l)
(r \ (ri
.'. g(r) = tanl *r- n- 2tan-' 1tilll = - tanl + tan 'rt*l) = cot(tan -t 1tx))
\z ) (2
[.
=cotl-n+cot'
11 1 .r+1
/r"rrJ f(rr 2
Norv, lirn  ]1t, rileli
':-t-3 x2 + 4x +3
.. * 3)sin(.r2 1
hrn
r-r-B-(r +3)(r + 1) (r + 1) ,
and lim sin(r+3) .r+1_1 Ans.
x+-3+(r+3)(r+1) 2 2
 Paragraph for Question Nos. 25 and.26
(i) Let P(o cos 0, o sin 0) then OQ = b + o cos 0

= 1 + ocos0 (as bis 1)

o, 8R = e(1+ ocos0)
So,
-. e(l+ocos0).
hm -
.. 1+acos0
,.e..'0)0
Irm
0+0 0" 0'1
Clearly, a=-l
n _ l=2i.e.,n =3and l=7/2
So, a+n+t=-l+g+1=2aL-=1
2 22
(ii) Let m be (c,0).

So MN = C sin0
Also, QR = 0(b + ocos0)

So, lim ilb+acos0)+Csin0

0+0 e3

0l b+
o *o ]l*cl 0- e3+ e5)1...
I O I t\

- 0+0
lim \ "[t_
\ 2t 4t)) 3 5t) t

e3

103
Li rnits, Continuity and Differ entiability

0(o+b+c) * t'( -21

q -g )* eul" * c) ...
3 ) \4 5 /
= llp=..-----__--
e+0 e3

Now for limit to exist o + b + c= 0 and limit is -(z.z)

Ans.
So b = ZsoC = G 2 - a)i.e,pointis(- 2 - a, 0).

Paragraph for Questlon Nos. 27 to 29

f'(x)=gMTP
=
-.
IlI[ .-f@)
+ f\h) - 2-xh + (e' - 1) (et' - 1) - fk)
h+o h

ri*[ fth) +(e, _ 1) tefr _- 1)'l_ zr

= t-o( h
h )

=f'(0)+e'-1-?rc
 =l+e'-l-%c=e" -2x
f(x)=e' -x2 +7"

flO)=1-0+1.=1.=-1
f(x)=e'-x2 -l
it ftz)=e2 -4-l=e2 -5
{fe\="2 -5-2=ez -'l l'.'7 < ez <81 Ans.

fQ^i+4x2-T,tc ,. eb -4x2-l+4x2-%
--=lim- -- ,,-'b
=llm-- -2x-7
rir lim,
"'r'l'b -- ,' r..o
x+o x'
o
*2 *2

,.
l+?^x*9'+...-zx-7
2t
IIIII -9 Ans.
=r +o- *2
iii ) g(x)=f(x)+x2 -2=ex -x2 -l+*'-2
-
8(r)=e'-B
sraph = ls(lr l) lis -

GRB Problems in Calculus Hints & Solutions)

:y
x

Now the I st lr l) l= & hrs four roots.

ke(0,2) Ans.
 Paragraph for Question Nos. BO to 32
(i) Forr <0

fk) = n-)* )
lim H-
n
{r2 +r+e' -1} $ e*
fl,r + L)
=Hm
n+*2r(r+1)
r=l

('..12 + r - 1is anintegerand{r * m) = {r}where, m e I)

=e'rim
,--3r i,e--1 l=,,
Ir r+t) " ri-[f
;-:[(rt-t)*[1-l)*....(l-
2) '\, a,/-"'-l.;-
1 ])
".1))
= e'
Forx >0

f(x) = lit
rml( pxc
i. +e-'-il)
+r4_lr+1) n^l Uf (r2 + r -
(r+1)+te-'ll * r.
+1"= 1)
--[ n =1 ) n--(2fi
)
(
(o* n ((r+1)-1)
(r+1) l*^
*
= lim
n)d "l
I
l- ,
tIn r =l )
('.'forr ) 0, €- e (0, 1),...[e-,] = 0)

,1 n (-
pxl
-/ n-+*
lir
tm-
lm tt --- 1 ) =prrimli[r-[1 - ']')*,
fL r=1 [ (r+1) )*n +@n4r\ lr r+t))

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 105

rim
("-[r--L)].^
=pr n+-72[ 1 n+l))
=pr n'@n(n+l)
lim
-t a\=px+)v
l"', x<o
Now, flr) =.1
I

g, r =0
[r*+], r>0
I

Since, flx) is differentiable in.R.

.'.continuityatx =0
t=q=1'
and derivable at r =0
t=p
,
p+q+)'=3 Ans.
ln*, r<0 [Inr, 0<r<, l"-,
r <0
iii) /(r) = ] x = 0; gkt = f-ltrl = lO, x=l ;f'(r)=11, r =0
[r+1 x>0 lr- 1, r>1 lt
r >0
 f' on2)* '\f'I r,1] * f'[r"-1]
'l. * r'[r"4'] + ..6
2) 22) \ 2')
s=1+1*a*a*...-
2 22 2:l
s113
222223
-={-*-*-*,..rc

{=1+ o+Z*Z*...*
22223
s-11 1
-=I*-+-*...o=-=2
222 11
-
2
S=4 Ans.
iii) g(r)=lnr 0<r<1
E'\x) = -1
x
=+
r'(i)=, Ans.

More Than One Correct Answers

1, /(0-) = 2, f(0*) = 2, f(0) = 2; f'(0*) = zf' (0-) _-,

f(1*)= f(l)=f(L-)=e2 - L(each)
Also, lim [/(a)] = 2 Ans.
r -+0+

106 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

1
1

z. :+0\ n*(kn - Bx7 + Cx2 Dx+E

1i*[/(-l))) =n-' = r+0\ = n-3
lar / b,3 I'

A
= 2
=-3+A=-6
So, f(x) = (- 6xa - ?nz) Ans.
 3. At x =2,
R.H.D. =5+11-rl=5+1=6
L.H.D. = 5
So, f(r) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2.
Aliter:
[5x+1, x<2 lbr
l2 + l- x<2
f(x)=li ,.-t)dt+i{++t>at, x>2 =
1t* +* +1- , x>2
Ans.
[o I lz
4. r=tan0,y=sece
(A) yB -x3=sec30-tan30
(B) lim (seco - tano) = li*
1- tilo
=o
o-tr22 o+r cos0

(c) lim (sec2 0 - tan2 0) = 1

^tr+
2

(D) limfr (sec3 o

H+ -tan3 o) = D.N.E.
2

5. lrl>irl Y xeR = f(x) =max.{lrl,cosr}

v:lxl

x Ans.

Limits. Continuity and Di,fferentiability 107

6. (A) Iim g(f(x)) = lim B(r) = D.N.E.

r +1' r +0-
(B) lim g(f(g(x))) = lim Sff@)) = Lim 8(r) =0
i r+0- x--+2-
'"2
(c) 1i- flg(r)) - o
-z* f(x) - 2
x

(D) 11* s(/(r))_ = Iim

g(2-x) _

* -o' \flx) -2)' x +o' (2- x - 21"

[2*xl-cos(2-x-2) 1 - cosr
=x lim
+0+ x-, = r Ilm
-r0- x' Ans.
7. f(x) =
1 - cos{r}
*2(*2 +ax2 +bx+c)z
xB +axz +bx+c=(x, -1)(r -2)(x -B)=r'-612 +l1x-G
 a+b+c=-t
1- cos{r}
f(x) =
*2((x - 1) (r - 2) (x - B))2

Now,
.1
l=-.m=-andfL=-
1 1

8' I 72
-19
.'. l+m+n=-.
72
8. Graphofy=91*1
From the graph it is clear that
(A) range of g(;) is [- 4, -)
(B) lim [g(r)] = - 1
r +0-

(C) B(r) is continuous at x = 0

-=3
(D) g(r) is continuous ^t *= 2

but discontinuous atx =2

.'. Options (A), (B) and (C) are correct.
9. Clearly, f(x) = 2',so a =8,b = 2+ 8= 10, c = 8- 2=6.
Clearly, l = 1(g) (6) = 24
2
A24 _ .t

s12

108 9ff ? s 9 lsry: "in -QsMy p". t u:*& -&- yt p r e)

A
--*--2, . 2tare- -
Also, tanA=  = =trrr4 =12 Ans.
1-hn24 2

1 1

10. As lim(1+ lnr .ln G2 + ZS))il:i = lim((l+ lnr. lnllzz + 25))r i

x+7 x -r1
1ln ln(h2 +25)
lim
r -l +25t
-nr'-'t = nlnrhz - h2 + 25
h,2 + 25 = le(2sir2 cr + ScosB + 5)

= 2sin2cr+3cosp+S=n+.4-
'k
.25
k+  -
 k. -
.ln.zJ * ? >to
2\hk =h
But L.H.S. < 10
So. both L.H.S. and R.H.S. should be equal to 10.
= sin2 cr = l and cosB = 1
sinlo cr + coss B
Hence, Ans.
sin2 cr + cosp

11. /'(r) = rlim fG+h)-fG) = lim

+0 h n-+o

fo r(t. )- r,o
= lim
h+0 h
_ (h\
ftxt|/l1*hl-1l r*h (h e(t l'l-, r+gl
\ xl
[ x\ \x )) lim-"\ri-f(x\
I

f(r) lim
)
= lim = =ftx). l-o
i+0 x x

f' ti fk) 7-
+ f{x\ = cx
=
x =frGl =
f(xl x
As/(r) = 1=c=1
Hence, f(x) = x Ans.

2. Given,
ln(2 + *2) - *2" sin(*2)
/(r) =,lim
I-l.^ -

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 109

2),
- sin(r -m(tr(-1
ln 3 - sinl
[lr, (2 + ,'), for0 <l *2 , r--1
-. 1
S
lkr3-rirr1 2
Now, l(x\=l o , forx2 =1 = ln(2 + x2), -1<r<1
In3-sin1 x =l
[-.ir,lr't, for12 > 1
2'
- sin (r2), 1<r<-
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.

Note: /1r) is an even fitur:tion rrlso.

(A) As, f(x) and g(r) are continuous for every r e -B and fog (x) is defrned, then
 obviously f@(x)) is also continuous for every x e R.
(B) As, /(r) is continuous on .R such that lim f(x) = 0 and
r
lim
r- fG) = 0, so clearly
@

/(x) must be bounded

(C) Let i@) = cos (nr) - 3r + 1
Clearly, f(.x) is a continuous function in [0, 1]'
Also /'(0) = 1 - 0 + I = 2 and f(1) = - I - 3 + 1 = - 3 =+ /(0) f(1) < 0
So, by intermediate value theorem, the equation f(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (0, 1).
Note that f'G)=-nsin(nx)-3<0Vre[0,il * f@) is strictly decreasing
function on [0, 1].

Hence, the equation f(x) = 0 will have exactly one root in (0, 1).
(D) We know that every continuous function in [o, b] is always bounded.
So, there exists some c e la, bl where f(r) attains its maximum value.
So, by extreme value bheorem, f(c) > f(x) Y x e la, bl.

r4. a,,, b,r, cn atethe roots of t:) - (2n + 1)t2 + (2n,- 1) f + 1 = 0

Hence, f
= 1or t = tt -{"\lort =nn rff nt
Since, ct, > b, > c,,
r ^---
o,=ft+r/r'+7>l>n-

n=
t_
nLI+
\
/;ll
"') (B)
Now, im Iirn =2 .-+
n IL

im
r=
lim
"[,- F+ =0+(C) Ans.
n n

110 _*qBPft _,gl-ertingplqylyp.*(lrfu t*Fglylelg

-I - cosZ *
____
15, h = lim x
-1
.f, -+@ -I + -,---
sinx .

lc

lim z'l
lz =
' h-o* Jo hz- -d* lim I zlt^r-, Llt = rl''
= n--r-
+ x2 l- n-*-' h)o_
= Ans.

Not,f ,n =, ,r428s7.and z = 3.i4tse2e]

16. Given, l?t - sin2t)

f'(t) = e' (cos2
 .'. Integrate both. sides with respeo to f , we get
f(t)=et cos2t+C
But, /(0) = 1+C=0
So, f(t) = e' cosz t
Clearly,
[As,--q1 <0so0 <e' < land0 < cos2t < 1=0 <e, cos2t sL=fisboundedin
(-*,0).1

Note that / is neither odd nor even function.

Also f(t) = et =e' cos2[ = st qcos2, = 1
.'. t = 0, n, 2n e 10, 2nl . So, 3 solutions exist.
1

Also, lim-,0
(/0lrr (l-form) = er, where z = lim le' cosz t - t)l,9 ,""*]
ifol t )l,g'".",,J
li1m e'(cos2 t - sin 2f)
= e' (UsingL'Hospital rule) Ans.
t-++0
Ir
lri*i- 1-n-2.
t ; ,"
t)
+.....+
(2n-1)).,
_ ltxl, x+)
r
17. f(x't=],,*11+n2 f n+n" ) 2

"' X=- ft
I
L,
t 2
13 ( \.n-L)
I * _-;:J
(2n
(2r
=_-;_ (2n-1)
.-.- - 1) < 1
(2n
n+n2
I-I-
"' (n+
(n- n2) l+n2 ' z+"2
. +I - _q
+... + :. - --'-
n+12 (rt
1n.+nz) l+n2
_-r 3 r
(2n -.7)
7+nz l+n2
n2 _____J__I g
- I a \2n-t)
+.....+,-'' . n2

".-_2", 1;;* ,
u n, +rr u ;
lim t' .. =1and lim
n , =1
n'*n*fi" ,r-*7+n2

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 111

-. ( 1 s (2n-1))
lim l----:-+--: " +.....+ "- r' l=f
,--[l+n" 2+n" n+rt" )

* f(x) is unbounded'
Now. =
 .,atr I
Clearly, L H;. = R.H.L. = r= i l; j

But /(r) is discontinuous ar aII integers as [r]is discontinuous at integers. Ans.

18. (A) As lim r' = 1
r +(,

lim [x" -t')=(or -1)=-1

*-o* \ l

G) lim r' l.r.E = t h* xzlnx 19; -)form

x+o'
-1..116 Inx
r 2 x-o+ (-\^
l- ltorm
- 2 ,-;o- 1/x2 [-/
-1-. Llx 1 ..Irm x2 =O=(B)vanishes.
=- 2 ,--;o-
llm
-21x3 4r+o*
-=- +lnl= lim - 'lnr::: ; [-]ro"*
(C) Let l= lim nrn(a+1)
r -ao* r +o* (ln (r + 1))-' \- /
1
x (r + 1) In2(r + 1)
=r +0+
lim =r +0+Iirn
1 X
1 -x
ln2(r + 1) (r + 1)

_ ,,*
lrm [ln(x+1)'l
l___
x )
xrtr+1t
.;o;I
=-(1)2 x0x(0+1)=0
Hence l= 1.

[,
-r)/2. -r)
* ,)*
t,s''
(D) lim 10* - 2' - 5' + 1' ]1.
x+0 .r+tan.f,
lim
= r+0 =0 =(D) vanishes. Ans.
lr  * '""{l
r)

712 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

%3 -(hn-1r)3
19. Let Z= iim
;;; j tci,",,l
-8tr3 cot-1 lkxl+ k2x6 sin J, - en*'
lt
/ i \d

e_ltan'.r l
I

= L= I+6lim
^ t?'.i., 1 2
8"ot-1
ltzxl+ ,*t -Bk
 Now, if ft = 0, then , =?+ =; x';
;',
And,iffr *0,then L = _=]= h2 -3k- 4 =0 *k= 4, _
=-*
0+k2-Bk 2
_

Now, verify alternatives. Ans.

Let x e[m, m + 1) where m e I then f(x) = x + [x) - x + m.
': f'(x) = 1 > 0 Y x e(m, m + L):. f(x) is strictly increasing
;...f -t(x) exists.
y - f(x) = x + mlx = y - nl.
but m4x <tn.+L...2m<x +tn<2m+L,..2m< y <2m+I
ly)=2m .'. m
='+ . = y - m = y -t+= f-t(y)
f-'(*)=, - I2 Y x e[2m, 2m + l)where rn e.I
f. Vxe[0, 1)
Now, f'(x)= x +[x]=.], * 1 Vr e[L,2)
which is discontinuous at *"l;"r""J;:';r?,
Consider, f*1(*) = * -l4where x e l2m, 2m + lj.
lx Vre[0, 1)

]*-r
l* - z Vvre[2,3)
-re [4, 5)
clearly,. f-'(*) is continuous y x e[2m, 2m + r)where z e.I considerins
f-L(zm) f -i(- ir;;;ri"";;:
f -rtx) only R.H.L. exists and is equal to
,lim ..:.

Y x e[2m, 2m + 1)(m e I) i.e., f -'(*) continuous in its domain.

Ans.
2]^. Clearly,/(r) is continuous every where
but non-derivable at 3 points uiz. x = 9 JJ N+e
2
Now verify alternatives from graph.
' r+ s(n.0)\
y=
Also, range of f(x)i. "= :
-, t
[- ry)
Graph ofy = f(r)

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 113

22. (A) f(e) = l;f(e*) = l; f(e-) = L

(l,l)
(B)Here, u=13,t--l ;soo +
1=
rr. = 13 - 3 = 1o
x: _1
3
I r*]
l,-*', x<o
(-1,-1)
(C)f(.r) r
 = =0
=r'sgt, l*', r>o
10,
is continuous on [-1, il and f e 1) = 4, f(7) = 3
(D) As, f
that lrl < 1 and f(r) = n .
= there exists a number r such Ans.
25. f@) = max. (x, x2, x31
l*'r -rc(r(0
(c

= 1*, 0 < r < L

l"', 1(t<- Ciraph of y: f(x)
Now verify alternatives.
non-derivable 2 points viz. x
Note : ,f(ru) it continuous V re R but at =0,L.
24. (A) l'(x) = r - cosr ;/(0) < 0, f(nl 2) > 0
(B) /(r)=x*sinr-1
,r(0) = - 1< 0; f'(rl6) = * n 1- 1> 0
62
(C) f'tx) = a(x - 3) + b(r - 1) in [1, 3]
f(t) = - 2a < 0; f$) = 2b > 0 = fk) =0 in (1, 3)
(D) h(r) = f(x't - g(r)
hb)=f(a)-g(o)>0
h(bi) = f(b) * e$) <0
at least one root in indicated interval. Ans.
Hence using IVT
(A) Incorrecb. Forallexample,
the four have
[2, x =o
gtr)=lx, O<x<2
I

lo, x=2

nto but discontinuous. Onto and continuous.

 *1_l .G H|B- Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(B) Incorrect. For example g(r) = I V, e[0,2]

2
 Continuous but not onto. Onto and continuous.
(C) Correct.

As range is bounded, so g must be bounded.

(D) correct. By extreme value theorem, if g is continuous in[a,
b]then g must be
bounded. Ans.
l-t' -e(r <1
26. h(xJ=ftxl+ g(r)= ),a+4-Zx, l<x<2
l"-b-1+x, 21x<*
I

.'. Wemusthaveeithera=-B,b*LorS=\a*-B
Ans.
p cos.r
i +Jr

27. lim ex
==L=o=s€E-{o}
r +0+ 1+sinx u+q
I + q cos.r
er
+1
pcosx+xex
lim =P=0
r+0 1

1+sinx+qcosxer
p=0,s€R-{0} Ans.

115
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilitl'

28 .rr31 'r(+#l ;[t'-:)" -['-#)")

t-r( 1 1)
 " [, +z- n) 1. ,.
=-lna
nk-l (- z)
2 - ,i.'* nh+2)
Ino ,r-,' lrm
lim
_ ,l" .
1 .y2I

Now analyse.
(t n)
*lr-
I n + 2/
Ans.

Zg. f@)isdiscontinuouswhere (sin2x - sinr - 1)(sin2r + sin.r + 1) =0.

('.'sin2r + sin x +l= 0hasnorealroots')
= sin2r - sinr -1=0
. ^:-..-1t€ or sinr=LS ('.'-1<sinx<1)
=Srnf=- 22
graph of sin r +

There will be two values of r between n and 2n for which sinr = +

2

.'. For 4 points of discontinuity, z can take the value 4 ot 5' Ans.

Pr1)
  gI Dr+3r
30. lim ro 4'=
f(x)= xlim lim''",'=0
t -@
r. >o' et-
n)^

(As we know
.lim -
--n
= o, n e N) = Jr$ f@) = /(0) = 0
r
'"(l,r
)
v-3)
f'$)= lim 'n'=lim Ans.
I

' r
- o
h-.0 tr€ e'
he hn

Exercise-4
Match the Columns Type
 1. (A) f(x) = (x + 1) l-r ^
l-2 - -,.
x>l
I -.ll=.1
'
Ls

lt-*'; x <l

(B) /(r) = min. ( lrl, 1- lr l)

o (0, o)

(C) /(r) = {r} + 2[x1= x +[xl

At xel,
L.H.L=I+(I-D=21 -l
R.H.L=I+I-%=f(t)
.'. Not continuous, hence not differentiabre at integrar points.

z. (A) 1i_ { 3"o.h*a.i"A-A-l(D

/r+o f -5seci + 4l - f(2)
tTeh (3','*)
(-3sin h + 4 cosh) f' (B cosh + 4 sin h 2)
-,.*
= IIITI
h )o (.3ett
-
+"19=qs =4=4 (p)
- Sseclr tanh) f, (Bet, - Ssec h+ q) 3 f'(2) 3x2 6 =
(B) - f' (?a1.*)= Ji* fQa + ll -t2al = 4(Given)
A+0 h
G2a+4)1[J-2a)- f (2a-h)- f (%.)
Now, /'(- 2at)-rr^f
lt+o ,r^
2h h _; o 2h
('../ is an even function)
y^ t'(2a + h) - f (Zo)
- f'
(2a*) +
Z -=r=2=(S)
-
=
:o 2h -=

Lirnits, Continuity and Differentiability tt7

(': f{x) = f(Aa - x)V x el2a,4ol\
 lP,rt* =Za+h. I

f W"gut f Qa+h\=f t2ct-ht ]

(C) We haveF(r) = f(e') =+ F' @) = n' 1' ,"',

and G(r) - ,f(x\ =G'(x) = ef &\ f '(x)
c'(o) f '(o) 31'
. =t:q :
F,(o) - eoy,1eo) _ f'(t) "t'ot = = 3 = (R)
"3

(D)

f(x) is non-derivable at
2points x=xlandx=l

.'. Number of points of non differentiability = 2 (S) Ans.

=
3. (A) ir;,\ =[4-l "*(x2 - x + 1)
Lft] V:]
l<

Clearly, *2 - * * t=( *-
r tt2 o
1l- . lwhich i, > I
\2) 44 H

=sgn(*2 -* +1)=1
-3 ; -2sx <-rl2
-Z i -nl2<x<-nl4
:+ -1 ; -rcl4<x<0
fr.j,) =[gl=
Lr_l 0 ; 0<x<nl4
I ; nl4<x<nl2
2 rl2<x<2
H
;
Clearly fr is discontinuous and hence non-derivable at 5 points uiz.
1r,I^]T7T
x=--.--.U.-.-
2'4'
Also.E6 = {- 3, -42
2, - l, O, l, 2}=(A)-+P, Q, R, S, T Ans.

118 GRB proaZems in Calgulus (Hints & Solutions)

 (Bt f2tx\= cos-,["4.,"=' .)), ..."o.( n= (."-;)=
T) "o.
sin nr

= f2G) = cos-1 (sgn(sinrr))

'0 x=-2
1 -2<x<-7
0 x=-L
_N-lo M sgl (sin nr) = 0
-1 -1<x<0
r =0
graph ofy' : sin rx 1 0<r<1
0 r=1
-1 1<x.<2
0 x=2
n/2 ; x=-2
0 ; -2<x<-l
n/2; r=-1
n
+ f2\x)= cos-l(sgn(sin rr)) = n/2; ; x=0
-1<r<0 a
(0, rl2)
0 ;0<r<1 a

r/2', x=t
i v:0
; l<x<2 ---#-o__ v:0
rc/2 ; x=2 -2 -l
Clearly, fz@) is discontinuous and non-derivable at 5 points uiz. x
=-Z-1,0,1,2.
Also Rf, Io.r J
=
l'z J

(B) -+P, Q, S, T
Ans.
(c) fs(x) = max (k), i- rl)
:l
= 1t2

x
-2 -t U2 tu U2 | 3,2 2
3t2
Clearly, /3 is discontinuous at 5 points uiz. x = - 2, l, O, l, 2
-
and non-derivable at 9 points r-tiz. x = 2, -
- - l, - , 0, , ,,2,
Z,
, Ans.
Note: as fi is discontinuous atr, = -2and2so f, is non-derivable atx = -2 and 2 because
continuitv is mr-rst necessarv for derivabilin,
lso Rf, ={o},
[1,
r)
= (c) +P, r

 
 119
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
( 2,6)
(D) f+(r) = +lx)z o (2.6)
^[*2
[-x+4 -2<x-l
]-,*r -1<x<0
0Sr<1 2().3\
=lrl+lxlz =\x ,/.t'x+l
lr+1 l<x<2 (1.3)

^"_4,
f-a
Iu

is tiiscontinuous and non-derivable at 4 points uiz' x = -1"0' 1' 2'

Clearly. fa
Also, fG2)=f(2)=6butf[-;)=9"'d4])=]
=+ /a is many one but not
even'
Ans.
(D) -+P, Q, S, T
4. (A)Clearly, l*'-91* l*'-41= 5= l@''9) -(r'- ql
So, (r2 -9) (x2 -+)<0(Aslal+lbl=lo-bl+ob<0)
= re [-3, -2)v lZ31

Graph of y: f(x) Graph of y: f(lxl)

Clearlv. Rrrr"rr
I \ l--t' =l- 4,21 range of function f(lxl) = I
.'.Number of intirgers in the

)\'*$yry=.ris *=## =
o (P)
Now, crearly =

"['-i' . )*o.lr*i,*r]'* )-*,

(c) L= lim (r -tanr))^.1
r+0 /sinr
I -r - tr
[ ,' ,3 )

(q
x + b) +
- (b +B)
x" *r""(h2_ o\6l*.....
i
L=6lim--
r+0 X"
+ a +b =0andb + 3 = 0+b = -3' Alsoo =3
2 6)
-L=6(q-g)
rr.Hence, l': +
\ o )= +9
=9=3 (R)
\ 2-:'l=
L =61-:
6t - 3
 

1.20
$f[l31 kn2 y1^ _C*g c
yl u s (H n ts & S o I u t i o n s)

(D)Wehavel-, I =L- 2 -tzz +k-2-(k+2)(k-:t)

u*rc, ' 0z+t)k k(k+1) - (lr.Dk
Hence,
'.={J_T fr,#1;zi ##)t3: z ffi)

a).

x <0
[sinr
(A) f(x)=ltanr ' o<x<2n
lcosr , 2n1x<3n
i-1 , r=3r
Clearly, f (x) is discontinuous at I, ,n B numbers. (Q)
*, = =
(B) f(x) = 2-kk - - 7)) * u- 2(x +l)(x - 2) +k
3) + 2(x
(r-1)(x-2)(r-B) (r-1)(x-2)(r-3)
)Y'rfo=k-6
Astan rrr=('unnl"--,asn-)-.Hence f(2)=
-----''-' n
\ y ) nl2 =2
atr = 2. =+ (S)
Now, /(x) is continuous
Hencek-6=2=k=8.
I
, -2
ic< <r
-2
(c) we have r/( rrr) r=,*r- z= Iti x, <0
0< x <2
t;- I xg) 2
:|, -21
'y
-x 1 -x

(-2,0) Q,a)
So, we have to check differentiability at only 3 points. i.e., lc = {_ 0,2} (e)
Z =r Ans.
 

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 121

6.
[_sin_r, r <0

(A)
llll. o<x<2n
f(x)={l 3l'
l-"o.r, 2rc3x <}rc
[-1 x 23n
I

Clearly, f(r) is discontinuous at 3, 6,2rc*3 points. = (R) Ans.

(B) ,. ln(l + x + x2 +...+ x") \x + x2 +...+ x") .
llJIl_._=I.
:+0 (X+X2+...+X") nX

lim
L+x+x2+,..+x"-l=1=1
*+0 n5
= z=5= (T)
(C) 8(r) = ixQ.tc + L) (?-x - 1) | cos(rr)
So, g(x) is differentiable at, = +, 1.
6(r) is "oririrr,rorr* 2'2
at x =0, but non-differentiable at r = 0.
+ Number of points equal 1.

(D) ri*[ f(2+3h

)_
fQ-5h4 _ r.^({ frz*snot- flzt\*r( fo- h4) - f(2)
ft +o[ h' a-o[ [ ghq (.
,, - 5h4 ))
')
=8f'(2)=t(i)=2+(Q) Ans.

( -,n )
r-sinr-cos'["',J
7. (A) lim
*
-+0 x',

*.-,[,
-14
2
z; )
(B) lim J-, , ""-'I t**i) =-1=(P) Ans.
r -+0 x'
2-x - sinZ-x - *" ,[r?r,)
(C) lim (Q) Ans.
r+0 3
,c-
 

722 QRB- Ppplryq trsgkyly_(HiryE & Sotutions)

*J
[""'[*,-'[r 3,))J,*"-'[,
; - T-z.r
(D) lim 22a Ans.
[t*"o.t)
I+@ IE

llt t
"o.-tl
I

[r)
7 , ., tu. 1-.

,-{,_1J] "'(-o)
8.(B) LetL=limln-

tnL= lim tana I :- l= u- 2lnn - ln(n - t-l

rt
L)
,,,6 Jn lz_1) u,._
coU
Jrl
-I
Prt n=t2 lim
4ln/ - ln(r2 - 1) lim
2(t2 - 2)

= l -+-
"o,fttrl
1) = l+- tG2 - L) cosec2 f'))\t2
f 1)
\t )
1
-. z(t' - ,,lti" l'
=ti*Hl-t'1 =o
''-ttf''-1)[
; )
tr=1= (e)
(C) sin2r=t€
2

2-x e (0, 4r)

Hence, 8 solutions.
(D) Since g(r) is differentiable V x e R
/(r) must have the factor x(x - l) (x - 2) atleast once.
minimum 3 roots of f(x) = 0 =+ (R)

Exercise-5
lnteger Answer Type
(n
cos-r(1 - n').(cos-r(1 -h))z 1(1
  h.--:0
l. fl0-)=lim\'[r- - r0j
) fi lim (cos- hD2
2h .(l - h2) tA It +O lo/
Put cos-1(1- /z) =e
 =rli,r( ,' l=r*z=r
4o-o*[1-cos0J 4 2

L_iy: ', c",f y:yt_l t23

",ldlj[tg l ," l ity -
tr=ptGiven)
f(0.)=
,2
- $- DDz -- 7I ..lrm sin-1(t-(t- h2)) = It_=Q
2 2
1(1 (1 - h)2) (cos-l(1
sin- -
/(0- =
8 n-+o (1- (1 - rr,2)
-
)
rlim 2(7- h)(t - (r D2) 8

(Given)
( nn\ r/2
lt"l= '':- xfi=4 Ans.
Iq/ n'18
/ / -r\
= tanlsin-'l*'a,J,]

"18 "6
,l*'-Br+1
- tc =3r2 - 9r + 3
*3x2 -10r+3=0 + (3r*1)(r-3)=0 + 1^
x=-.6
3',

.'. (8o + zB - s0) =8/3 +23 - l=2+8- 1=9 Ans.

( * g:' 5- 9 1 12n + 1t cosr
)
3. fk\ = lim rrrle 2 'e 2' 'e 2t ...e 2n
"o'

n'e I

[ ,l

( 3 cosr
cos.r+-*-i...-l- 5 cosr (2n + ) cos.r
Itm
= ,-{2
22 23 2"
cosf,* Scosx* Scosr +...€
l\x)=
1 ^. 2 * Scosr
. cosr 2, ,,
+... + €
,l\xl =:zr- z,
1 ^. cos.r 2cosx 2cosx
\*' --- + - --+ --- +...6
t(x)=
2t 2 22 23

f(x) =costr + cosr + :;1 * tS' *...-

4L

* tot1
=cosr =3cosr
1-1
2
 tr
g(r)=1./trt
LJJ Il=[cosx]
Hence, number of values of x in [0, 2rc] where lcosr] is discontinuous is 4, i.e.,
o . 1. t. zn. Ans.
22

124 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

a. f@) = sgin((r -2)2 + ft2). Clearly flr) is discontinuous at exactly one point i.e.,
x=2fork=0.
tan-t k+ cos-1 & + cosec-l( zk_ t) = o n
(#) =o

5. S, = f.rr.,- ,(- ztz' - tl + i:l- , -,( 2t2r - L) -\

Zt 1a * r7rz - 2, *y)= , r'^n l;FC:fr )
( 2r-r ) ,2 _r,-D2 \
= iru,,-'i-
,4, --, - l= i,r.,-'l
f
- ,
' ,,-y.l
3,*-
l, .
-rt)2
t .(r
) 1r.,, )
(r
= i[*r-
r=I\-2) +
,
-,r,r-r -1t2 I

s, = tan- '+ =cot(s, ) = 4

s, - r = rurr- '[('' -- r)' ) 2
\ '-)=cot(S"-r)=,,r-Y
cot(S,-1) - cot(S,, =
*+ -
3
;* i(cot(s,,)
- cots,) =,]*,I (* 3)
"lr z 2\'1-3)-r |-jr. r z
z)l
lt

"' ))
rim(z-Z\=,
= ,--\
nr)

_
=
r:*
IIITI
zt2 -t -l-(t2 -t +l)
''*trlzt2 -t -1*,,p -t l:*t.tt,D,-tl
 t2 -2 =----=----=
1

G,ll+Dfii-u
Now,llr - - = &has four distinct solutions if
Gl &e (0,6).
.'. Number of integral values of &is 5.
Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 725

v r ^'
- vr,y>0
1
7. f(xy)=f(x)+f{y)+*''
x,y
-

+ h) - f(x)
f'(*) = t5'rc h

h\*
(x) + r(t +
\ x/
Iim
= h+O
h

(r*ol-rrl
\ x/
x+ h
x
*(r*h
Ix
+
,-.rl
h,,l h h,c .(r + h)
\ x/
* fr)-
(
r(r roi
lim I

o -o
x'..1
I x
*+ r..f'(r)=21
f'G)=1xx'
f(x\=l.tr-1+. x,

Putting r = 1

f(1)=- 1+c + c=0 t.'/(1)=-11

f(x) =1" -1 x
lteroo) = 1oo -+ =[fleloo)] = 99 Ans.

l+cnz
-' lim
As,
;;;(2n+B+2sinn)z 4' 4 2
 Now both roots lies in [2, -).
D> -* . and
o. z= *2 - 2p* + pz *l
'l' ,\-
'2a 'u
f(2) > 0, where f(x)
D = 4p2 - 4p'+ 4 >0
=lr9 = p>2 ...(i)
2a
f(z)=4-4p+ p2 -l>O =p2 -4p+3>O
:+ (p-1)(p-3)>0 ... (ii)

= p >3.'.p,,i,,
(i) n (ii) = 3. Ans.

726 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

r - *.(r - *{; -,))

9. f(x) =
x' r >0
"sin4r
r <0

r-.or[r-t"J,.-r))
\4 ))
119+; =,lim
t
x'o

,'- isin4x
f(o-)=r+0- X =2-)"= 2
/(0) + 2)"=3 Ans.
10. As sin-1 a, + sin-' *, ... + sin-l an - U
2

= sin-r cr1 = sin-1 a2 =-,,= sin-lcr, =2\

(...-I."i.r-t.,<I)
2 2)
+ Gl = 02 =...Ct, = 1
n

So, p=ff
r=l
(1)'=1

[ *v3 - - 2ifl4 , x+l

(B
'
f(x)=1 ,
Hence, *._*
lh, x =l
Clearly, f(r) is continuous at x = l.
 , *L/3
R=__ - (B - 2n)u4
x -x

= h+o (1+h)2-(t-2D1t4
lim o+h)il3 (Puttingr =1+ h)
-(7+h)
115
326
--a_---

/x
6G+d=619+rl=rr
ence,
\o) Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 727

\ -1 .g=
l.(1+cos20+cose)=-
j
)2 2
/ /- ar3
l,E.o.l"-ell
i \4 )) -2^{,
(coso+sin0)3 -2J,
and limtr
L-sin20 (* \
0'+
4 1 - cos [; - ,n.J

- 2Jrir - .o*''
[X
- r)
2 sinz (; - .)
)

PutfI-e)=r.then
\4 )
-. ( ,12 tt ,. (- tt t) (1 + cos f * .o.'r))
- -cos3 t) -cos
,
lll1 tr - .mrrrr . .". tl
)
=lrm
r-o[
I= "E
sin2, ) t

.'.m- -3J' - 3
2 ^1,
So.l2 + *' =? *9- =27
424
Hence, U2 + m2l = 6 Ans.

12. Wehave f(d= 1-13 and95(r)= 111

+ +..... +
f(xt f(.%) f (5x)
o
1-
11
 + ..... +

Now, u* 1- s:(r) = 1i- l'(r) _f

(.5,x)

;:;i) ,3 ;*0 x'1

(1-r'l*( 1 -rl+..*( 1 -rJ

= *lim
l/("r ) \f(%) J (/t5rr )

-+0 ,( 1 1 1 1 1 l
x'l [/trl + f (2r)+ f tlx)+ ft4xt+ ft5,rrti
l

(1-f(x))
' +$-fl%c)t+...... +
(1-f(5-r))

= lim f(x) fQ-x) f(Sx)

r+0 5x3
13+23+33+43+53

728 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

[5t5+1))2
2
=\ ) =4s Ans.
5
13. Note that lengths of the direct common tangent on two circles, tzingent to each
other.

Now between C1 and51,

PR = 2t[iRr
and PQ 2.[iR2
=
but PQ=PR+RQ
2.[roar=2,[iRr+2{aR,
r=E* J' (Dividing Uy /n,,B, I
,lR, JE;

1= 1* 1

J; "tR, ,tR,
...(i)

but Rt=Rz=1(Given)
L=z=r,' = 1

Jt, 22
 Againfornextcircle, : = .L . +
J; ,TR' ,E [From (i), we have.Bl -+ 4l

=1+2=3
1
oo2
o
1
fn=
llVv (n + 1)2

)[; +-
1
+ ..... * r,,1 I
Iim
12 ) 22 +32 + .....+h+1)2
= lim
,3 n3

u*I
,r--
h+l)2 *l
n3
1
Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiabll4Z

t29

4
' io ,t + cosr)2 d/ =,lim(1+ cosr)2 =
14. LeL,1,, = ,liTo -i

,t + cosr)2 d/ =,li11i cosr +r::9:Z)dt

andLr=,Iig
ii i t'+
=|
=,rig ii l;
+ 2cos, * 1.o, z,)a,

Hence, 2(L, '"2, -\- . *l=

Lr) = 2[n z [])= 11 Ans'
+
z) \2)
f(il, -L<r<1
g(r), g(1) r e (- -, - 1) u(1, -)
15. F(r) = /(1) + ^" _.1
2
ft-1) +g(-1) *__1
2

continuousatx=1 = f(1-)=F(1*)=F(1)

= ftt-)=s(1-)= llf .i
) 1(1+b) -5+a-+b
4+a=L+b=(4+o) 22
b-a=3 .. .(i)
 continuous atx =-l = f'(-1-) =F(-1+; =F(-1)
(4-o)+(b-1)
= b_l=4_a= 2

= b-l=4-d=3+b--a
2

a+b=5 ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii),

Ans.
+ a=7,b=4 + a2 +b2 =17
16. Since, f(r) is derivable ir,G Z 2)'
Derivability of f(x)atx = - f-is possible onlywhenb - 2=o=b=2.
{'.' lr + llis non-derivable at x = - l'l
similarly, derivability of f(x)atx = f.is possible onlywhen c + 2=O=c = - 2.
Now, f(r) becomes

130 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

ln(1- x) + atan-l x + 2, - 2<x <0

f(x) = 2, r=0
," [n l'1]
ek _e \ l2l/_ 1

x
o , 0 <x <2

ln(1- x)+atan-7 x+2, -2<x<0

f(x) = , r=0
eb -?*,- |
x 2' o <x <
\
z(...0q I2q 1 =llllzl = ll2)
..
= lrm "b -2r-1. -.4=1X4=2
1

: -0r 4x' 2
lim ln(1 -r) + o tan-l x + 2= 2
: +0-
ln(l+ h)+atan-I (- h)+2-2
f'(0-)
' =.lim
h+o -h.
,. ln (1 + b a tan-L (- h\
llm ----------:- -r --------------- =- 1+o
h--->0 - h -h
o
 e2h -2h-l
'=- --" - Z
f'(O*) = lim fr" = lim
e2h-zh-l-2h2
h-+0 h h--+o h3
-47
.'.A-L=*=O=_
33
ga2 +b2 +c2 =g.9+4+4=b7
= 9
fi. ffolcan be taken in 2 ways{-f(0)
"
=1
_:/t0)=_1
-l
llllyatx=1,2,3,4 Bpossibilities -. -.
and at
think

.'.Total rnumber
=b only one possibility_.1
offunctions = 2 x 84 x L = 162.
f or
18. Letf  l_>,Ebe afunctiondefined as f(x) =l}x)-{Zx}.
I 2l
'lO,
fk)=terl
f
-{2r}
or
, e I O, 9 ldiscontinuous at
I 2,)
1214 :. --. 1
-r =3. -.
3 2's', Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 131

19. b2 +c2 =a2 ...(i)

also 2mo = o,
(median to the hypotenuse is half as along as hypotenuse)'

a.ho =bc = L;A = 90o ...(ii)

A
2bc cosll \l rx,
and uro
2 = _ ZOc ...trul
b+c b+c

No*.zmo-2ho -2a'mo-2a'ho
"""'i*, = 9''2b"
- 2h, 2a.wo - 2a'ho ,l? ob, _
,u"
, b+c
I

(b2 + c2 -2bc)(b + c) (b - c)2 (b + c)

- zJ-z -2bc(b + c) zb"l@$' . A - ta + c)]
"u"

(b-c)2 (b+c) W;A +(b + c)

 2bcl2(b2 +c2)-(b+c)21 2bc

ra+crI $E;e+{b+c)]
lim
6+c 2bc

b-+ c=9=t -->l

c

(,t* 1'lI +0+D]

lim
( r,/L "8l:.4 212 + 21
Ans.
t-7 2 I

20. Given an+t - an = 4i +3

h-l
Now o7, -ar= \(an+t - &n) = \n* + s) = 4(t? - rrg + Ytt? - t) = 2k2 + h - 3
n=l n=1

= ap=2k'+k-3

So, lim E* *n-s* 2GIi2 +@k)-3+...+ -3

2(4ro b)2 + (410i?)
k+* 2QH2 +(2tt)-3+...+ 2(zto k)2 + (zto k) - 3

732 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

*
\khz
- 1* 2(4)2 + 2(410)2_1'1
k
_1
= h-->*
Iim tz'
3* +l- -2
tl-' n- h2
/,f;1 z{z)2 2e1o)2 +;
o10
-n'3
1(+rt - r)
3 Ans.
2"', -1
= = 683

"',t [' fr-t-"{ y-t# "# D,:: +: .l"n-O=ou r)

= =
5)= lae+d=ap*r)

lao or a, r\(a2 at o,*r

l=lgnllo,,, l=lenllL,l,o,,oo = at _ dt
", % ,l=[,, ll
t"'
for % )1", ,]=[*,,r ", )
"
a2
 ot+(n-l)d
l=,- o
\-..-_.w-
zero as n
-)6
)"'
13d83
butl-4 =-+:=-:---'-
A1 44a1 4
-d
Hence d = 6. Ans.
22. subtracting equation (ii) from (i), common roots are the roots of r 2
* q - r =0
which has two roots say r, and 12 such that 11 + x2 - 0.

= lr1 + x2 + a"= - 2and xr + rcz+p= - 1

cL=-2, 0=-1
"t"n-nt
-n, ln3
L.H.L. = lim e = nlns = B=/(0-) = f(O) = 11 =g
h -s0

ln(l+eh' r;
R.H.L.=b lim -t+2Ji).("h' -l+z'li) 'tro:=2b=b=3
h+o no'-l+znli Ji tan,lh 2

Hence, 2(a + b) = 9. Ans.

23. We expand the numerator in series
1. ,
(7+ x)v* -, + ?= n;''tt*'' -e+- 2
ex
2

133
Limits, Corutinuity and Differ entiability
/2\ x2\-
lr-{*{
l23lex *...1
_+
3'l /
I

ex
=e -e+--e. ,I 2
-e+- 2
- o-l
2 \'|
t .rlclt
( *
r-ll
2'3 "'l
l- ex f1 1\, +...
I

x2 I

=pl I+i--+ -+-l.r-

I t2 3 J- 2tI 2 \38)
-=e.l
l
I
I

The limit = I + 1) l1e

\3 E)= %
"(

24. Putn=1
v
hrl -2
 t
1
'.y l
[1+r)r -nz ltrrflr12 e
2 \r-Y t

\1l--vy ) .- e o -1
ti-[1-YJ.
y ,o
=]i-J
y-o .2, -- =€" hm---
-0 y."
 .yz v-
rJUl-z
It - v,/ -1
,
lim
=e' y-+o 2
v
,( 2\ 2e2
=Ulil=?=a=2; b--3

Ans.

25,

tan-7 x =t
Let
tant - nta"fl)
L=lim \n)
i
--)0
""{;) -
t'ant

2 (t f 1 )
I t" -:+51-nl:+r---+...1
-)
It+--+
lo
\o 15 J [" n'3 )
t5^\
= lim
I -+0
+ ol- +...1
4:.*'r. ) t
I

.))

734 GBq pjQ{gry4 .C*qlglilttg (Hints & Solutions)

-r,1,).
-,-u[] - 'lr"';)- -'-r2"\
=l['-,1) =-,(:._,)-_1 S

'-0,'[-
i- ,b). l(' ] ) t

f(n)=-r*j-
  2n2 +l

2n2 +1 l+ f(*)
2n2 =
3
L+ -
-1=2-f(x)
f(*) l+ f(x)
f, ?-
,1tl+ftnl
t:,",' =r$ ,z -2(to( 1)Q1) =10x L1.x7 =770-
-,,?," 6
Ans.

sinr < *,*.(o,Il=sin(sinr) < sin.r

  9t =sin(sin...sin(r)) -+0as n)@
 n times
+
lso, lt
asf € ;(J2"os* + 2) <3
-4

lim

:' f(x) =
(" 'l'"o.,
I .i.,sin.....sin(r) *r*[ 3
- lz*Ji"or*)
lim ^'
\2+J2cosx) vD4

[2+ J2 cosr ]
/- _ \
* el:, 1 * a I rairia"a by B, )
\4'4 )
, . (n - ^ n\
u;)(divided bv dZ x + 2)")
[; cos

, 0,ret-,-+ot
_tn n -\
|
flx) =.1 I, \,4 4 {=hm
----'f(x)=g=l
I tn - n\
l--:-'x€l--d'-l r--''
lsrn.r \4 4) 4

lim_
fr
flr) = Ji = rn
r+--
4

12 + m2 = 2. Ans.

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 135

tan-l r + tan-l' - ta.r-1 3

sin-1(y - 2)
7. L = (x, t) +(\2)
lim
(r-1) (.y - 2)
1
x+
v
tan- 1
- tan-13
1- 1-

v sin-1(y - 2)
=(r, y)lim
(1, 2) (r-1) (y_2)
-r
.(rv+1)
tan

='f. v)riml'11.2lt
y-x
(r-1) (y-2)

s] 1
 Ltoexist tan-rU = tan- 3 (Important step)
J'-x
xY+l o
y-x
.-=L)

xy +1=3Y -3x
*-- 3v -ly
3+
t^-r..
'lx.) = 3r-1
3+x
llm'
-1
f-l(r) =-=- 3 Ans.
..^'-igr_t ^ 1
'-z 10
'*5
28. fk)=(20<x<7
{o r = 1
11 r > 1
I

.'. Range of f = 19, l, 2l = A. (For surjective)

Ans.
= NumberofelementsinA = 3
lo
29. vE sinn0 + cosnO = 0 or tan n0 =
#
-n (6k-l)r
n0--+krOf0t=---
6"6n
^DO. 0u Gk- )n
2 l2n
n 0u=i.o.(6fr-l)rc
Let A= ) cos 2
k=t u?, l2n

136 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

multiply with 2sin-A
4n
1)n=-sin n
i z.i.r1.r*(6&,-
4n l2n 6n*"'rr(3n+l),'-.o,
-" 6n -"" ^ -sina
*--'6n
u?, ----
Gn
1I
cos- - srn
TE

Then A- 6n 6n
1l

4n

nh
66- sln nh
cos_ I --- rhl
tcosl
__

i* [a. = liml h. 6- l-o = tim h

, -OL i+01
I ZsrnnhlI ft +0^
nh nh
J STN zsin'-'-
 4 I 4-) 4
..
=llm--=-
1 2
Ans.
h+O^ nh Tt n
Z cos
44
1 I
(1+3r +2-x2)i - (1 + 3r - 2tr2), r0)
S0. .L = lim
r -+0 r
x [o']

[".
* * u,tl -,,1-[,r. * - *,,i - ",)
= lim
r
-+0 x
1 I
(1+3r +2ac2)i -eg (1+3r -?,tc2)i -e3
= lim - r+0
lim =Lt-Lz
x+0 x X
ta(l + 3x + ?s2 )
,** _xt3+2x)2
Zr = lim
e ' -eS e 2 -eJ
r+0 = rlim
-+0
JC

u -{-$*u)2
+0n'[9
= xti., -11_-rl" el_-5^,
t
- -
'2 -13 "3, L = 4eB =k= 4.Hence l2k =
and L2 4g. Ans.
3L. Given aL =11a2 = sina, = sinl
dB=sino2=sin(sin1)
04 = sinos = sin(sin(sin1))
au = sina4 = sin(sin(sin(sin1)))
at d,21 ag;...,
= = \ o, is a decreasing sequence

Limits, Contin uity and Differentiability 737

and hence as /l _).@, Iim a, =6

Letan = Y
.',as n --9 -, y -) 0
22t -^2r)(Bv)+BzY -. (2t -gt)'
.'.lim lim
=- y+o(el
y+0 coSJ +l-eY -e-Y - e- v _ 2) + (L_ cosy)

(z:-.'1-1' -lt-;
,2
I= lz)
\ -2-,2
=__o_=-11"-=e=-
z

=- iTi,(et r-1o.1)
 - -1333
t- ,,--t I y,
-e-, -2)_f
)
+,2
.'. h -, Ans'

BZ. fk)-lxz x +r).ln- *'l*

:.:rl*[,,']'3x2 +t ] [-;-
*l '2*2
*' * nl
x'+rI u'+r
.] | I L I

=[r.-=l*[r*'l' + -l*[r*=+-l*
u'*r-l s,'*1.] *[,.-+ .l
[- ,'*i.] [- L "*'*1.j
+ n-[=r].["-].[n-]. .[,,+=]
=t+2+ x11
Forr >0,
x2+l ** 2
x
11
2tc2 + t u *r )c
2"li

x11 -2"[i
nx2 +l n**1

[f*'z, r.]l=[lu2, r) .l=...=[--j-.1=o

tc

+ + lnx2 + t)

Now,

138 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Ans.

33.S=t jtu, 't ,r=n

n1

fr, 2" 2tt-t 4

Since tan x = cot x, - 2 cot ?-x ...(i)
 :tanx=-cotx-cotb
11
22
1xlrc1
-tan-=-Cot --cotx
2222222

ar"., x, =1.ott'-:'l--f:.ot[,
-"- .']
2" 2"-t 2n [2, ) Z"-r l2n-2 )
-,
("ot(] I )
I lon-l
'o /
S=l '-cot2xl
I

lz'l
)
s=fAtan--I-:-cot2r)
\ 2, 2n-r )

n+6
lims =(\2 . 2r-t* =.1.oti-i-)
x \2"-t)
-cotzr)
)
S=* -cot?-x,outx=[
9
S=a
1l

(100r)L=100n.4=200
I
Ans.
7T

,4 r I ro.n-1+1-]
' (2r-D(2r+il 16lt2r-1){2r+1)]
=-=_l I

r.= lr+r'-ut+r'*u+t-l= r lrnr,*,* 1 I

' 16 1 +r2-t ] tol (2r-r)er+7))
= 1,+,r+r)+1(Qr +7) -Qr-L'll=1
I nr, *r*1[
1
'-'2[tzr_rl t
- er+i))]l
161 2\r2r-ror+ri/_] 16 1^'
..-s--1t.rnayr+Ayf
, 4L. 1
16L_ B2L\2r_l - 1
2r+l)I

Limits, Continuity and, Differentiability 139

n.tn+t)(2n+t) * L *_L[tr_1]*r1_1.i*....* (=] ._,".1))

1_l-l
4.6 16*32ll'-5,J*l,5-51 \z'-t
n l(.
2n3+3n2+n.-r-+-ll--l 1 )
24 16 32[ 2n+t)
 =t*t*V*
t2'8
tl, I =t-*t*u *l (Given)
48 16[22+1J A B C D
So, A=12,8=&C=48;D=16
Hence, A+B+C+D=84 Ans.

Bb. fkl=fo*'*b' <r<1-cL+b=-2+l

[2.o.n+tan-lx <x32 4

l3o*', ocr<l
f'k)=l-zn.i,,n *J l<x<2
I ^,
L+x''
11
,JA=--A=-
26
b=4646412
-z*L=n-13 =n -?6
) kt - 6,hz - 12 .'. kz - h, --6 Ans.

L,= li* sin('j* [*.l=

s6.   x-l
J1-*./1+r r-1 -=1-
= lim
,/1+r[",/1-r] "
1 - x) ,. ,' (cos 1 r)2 / 1 \
cos (n cos-l
o x+t (1 x+7 2 (1-x) \2)
-r)(1 +r)
-n2
o_
'2
o_-
_-

Given
n23
2
-+n=-
... n2 + 2n =3=n2 + 2n - 3= 0 =(ru + 3) (ru - 1) = 0

n=lotn=-3
Since, n.e N.

.'. n=l Sum = 1. Ans.

=

140 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

37. Li^ nPnF *Sr' * 2r * l - (n + 117 a1n1.[; - 2n ag -(n - l)l

.. fl{(n3 +3n2 +2n+1)-(n+1)3}

= i+*62
Iim
+3n2 +2n+l)il3 +(n+1)(n3 +Bn2 +2n+1)u3 +h+l)2
 ,.
rr^ru-
nln2 -2n+3-(n-l)21
n+@
lr'-2n+3+(z-1)
= ,ilim n(-n)
rZ 6z + Bnz + 2n + l)2t3 + (n + l) (.n3 + Bnz + 2ru + 7)t/3 +(n+l)2
n(2)
+ lim
11 +s
,g-2".s+(z-1)
-1 2 1_2
1+1+1 1+1
T _=
--*I=-
o
dD

38. Letcr+p+y=Q
Hence, cos (cr + p) + cos (0 + y) + cos (y * ct) = cos (0- cr) + cos (t -Bl + cos (0 - y)
= cos 0 )cos cr + sin 0 )sin cr
=2cos2Q+2sin20=2
Hence, a = 2
ln
-
.'. x-z.,fx-2+rl
lim -: -- -: =z Ans.
x-rl2

n<x<n+*1
39. r(x,=1,F1-+Tf 2

'+1-x n+-<x<n+I
1

| 2
.'. Graph of f(xt will be

v:ll2
x
2 -l
Clearly, f(x) is continuous in ,E but not differentiable at x =, + I2 .rd nV ne L
.'. Not differentiable at 19 points in (- 5, 5).
Also /(r) is periodic with fundamental period 1.

= 19
points Ans.

Limits, Con tinuity and Differentiability l4L

(e
fk) =7*'^- *, * al,e\*) -{*2 - "*'
* 32
40. Given u,,d.hkr = fk). g(x), x e R
lx'-ax, r>1- lx"-4x, x>2
 landx =2.
Now, define ft(t) in the n.b.d. of x =
+x)(x2 cx),'s 1 urrd h(x)={t,x2 -ax)(x2 -cx)' x<2
h(x)=f(x).s(r)={('2 ,
l{x2 -ax){x2 -cx), x>l l.(r' - ax) (x2 - 4x), x > 2

Note : "f (r) is discontinuous V a e {1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6l

B(r) is discontinuous if c + 4.
Nr : Given both f(r) and g(r) are discontinuous
Hence, o--+6waYs Nr=6x5=30
c + 5waYs
N2 since g(r) is discontinuous.'.c * 4'
Now, h(r) is continuorrs at r = 1.
h(7- ) = lr(1* ) + 2 (l - c) = (l - a) (1 - c) =+ (1 - c) (1 + o) = 0
l-c=0(a*-1)(Given)
c=l
=+ given h(r) is discontinuous at r = 2.
Also,
(4 - 2a) (4 - 2c) * (4 * 2a) (* 4)
(4-2a)(8-2c)*0
(2-a)(4-c)*0
Since c = 1
q,*2 = o-+5waYs
c + lway
. 7\r
_ tr
- u
rY 2
Now, N3 given h(r) is discontinuous at x = l.
(1-c)(o+1)*0 c*L
=
and given h(x)is continuous atx = 2.
= (2-a)(4-c)=0
ifc=4theno-+6ways
ifa=2thenc-+4ways
Total 10 ways.
Nt =30
Nz=5
Na=10
Total Nl + N, + Ns = 45. Ans.
aL. f(x) = + (a 2)lxl-2al = l( lrl - 2) (lxl + o) |

lxz is an- even function and fG) is not differentiabie at fn e points. So

AIso /(r)
l@ -2) (x + a) lis non-differentiable for two positive values of r.

142 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

 =+ Both the roots of (r
- 2)(x + o) = 0 are positive and unequal.
Hence, a<O,a+-2
.'.e.€(-*,0)-{-2} Ans.
42. Let fk) = y
y2-4y+3>0 (y-1)(y*3)>0 ...(i)
y2 -6y +8<0 (y-4)(y-2)<0 ...(ii)
(y-3)(y'-2y+4)<0 .. . (iii)
y3-sy2+loy-12<o
Combining (i), (ii) (iii),
and we get f(x) = 3 i.e., Constant function.
Y:X
,Z-v:3
'
(3.3)

A:912

Hence, 10A = 45 sq. units. Ans.

43.

^5
2222'22 2

Number of point of discontinuous = 7

.L =
M = Number of point non-differentiability = l{
Hence, (L + M) = 21. Ans.

 
 Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 743

,.^ nzft*' -kft*t*1

+ e2 cos(x - 7\ 7,
44. =-e
x+t sec, (r - 1) - 1 2

Here limit exists. Therefore as r -) 1, Nr + 0 ('.' Dr also tends to zero)

e2f$ _2.s..nf{tl +e2 =0

@f(r) -e)2 =O=.nf.O =e=f(1)=L

- 2.e.ef k) + e2 - e2 (l - cos (r - 1)) 7,
(x)
u2f
Iim -e
x+1 anz(x - 1) 2

Iim
gf {xt
- d2 - e2(L - cos (r - 1)) 7,
x+l
-e
2

_. (rr(rf,*)-1 _1)2 (1-cos(r-1) )) 7z

IlmI .(ft*t-t\'-n,
, - -e
, -r
[ (fkt t\2
_ \ -1 / (x - 7)2 )
e2.7.ry'{l)l' - e2 \=1r'
22
(f'(D)2'4=f' (1) = + 2 = f'(t)=2 {'.'f'(x)>ol 3,q
Now, equation of tangent at (1, /(1)) is
y-l=2(x-1)
2x - y =1
a=1r1x1= 1-1=+. Ans.
224L
45. fyi) = ,r e i" an odd continuous function.

fz@) = b sin r is an odd continuous function.

d(e* -e ^)
(e' + e-')
. (e-'-e*) =-fn@\
fnt-x)=* +e^)
k^
.'.f +(x) is odd function and continuous V r E rB ( '.'Denominator is never zero).
.'.f(r) will be an odd continuous = f(- x) = - f(x)
...F(b) = - band f(zl = + A /(0) = 0
Ifo > 0, thenwhen x -) - *, f(x) -+ - @andwhen x ) + *, fG) -+ + @.

 
 144 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Clearly, f(x) will have minimum frve roots.

=0 Ans.
2-x2 +2x
-t+4 %
f(il = 28 - - -
#
Range of f(x) is = [7, 23).
Now, g(r) =
[fl4-]wil be discontinuous at all points /(r) ', an integer.
Ltt_l - where
p

when v>2lthen0 .ftx). r=[44]=o o r e .Rand.g(r)becomes continuous

p Lp.l
in.B.
When 1< p < 23 then /(') b".o*es integer at some values of r and g(r) will be
p
discontinuous at these value ofr.
.'. Sum of all values of p is
I + 2 +B +...... + 22 22' 23= - zsl Ans.
2
47. We have
tre(-*,-1) r-1e(--,-1)
[0, [0,
l1+r, r e [-1,0] a. l1+(x-1), x-1et-1"0I
r, -I)=l
/(x) = { - f\x
l, -,, 11-(r-1), r*1e(0,il
re(0,il
[0, re(1,-) fo, x - le (1, -)
r <0
fo,
or
0<r<1
f(x =

-, l;'
lo,
-x, 1<x<.2
x>2

 
Limits, Continuity and

Io' r+1e(--,-1) x<-2

fo,
lt*(r+1), r+1et-tr01 12+x-
orf(x+1)=l -2<x<-l
Also, f(r + 1) = _
lr tr + 1), r+1e(0,I l-
x, -1<r<0
[0, ,*1.(1,-) l.0, 0<r<-
0, x<-2
2+x, -2<x<-7
-x, -1<r<0
Now, g(r) = f(x - 1) + /(r + 1) =
x, 0<r<1
2- x, l<x <2
0, x>2
Clearly,
It is easy to check that g(r) is continuous V r e R and non-differentiable at
x = - \ - 1,0, t 2and differentiable elsewhere.
Hence, number of points of non-differentiability ofg(l) are 5. Ans'
 

Methods of
Differentiation

Exercise-l
Only One Correct Answer

lrr' cos.x - sinr

I lu, - sinr - cos.r
1. f'k\=l 6 -1 0 l:f"kt=lA -1 0
locl
lr p' p" I l, p' p'
l6 -cosx sinx
f "'rxt =)6 -1 0
lp p' pt
= f "'.0)
16
=16 -1 ol 0 (Two identical
-1 l=
0 rows) Ans.
lo p2 p'l
2. y=(2x-3r)5
o * **"or*
d

_dy = c(Zx _Brta

4
+--srntr
dx .f

.'. s'(y)= dx 1
-=
y
5(2x-Sn)a+4-.iru
.)
D

When = 2n
)t - (9r -3n)5 + tr n """^
'" "o.,
* =3n is the onlv solution
2"
 

Methods of Differentiation 747

g'l2n) = -]= =2 Ans.

t*2 .)
7

Alternatively z(gof)(x) =x

+ S'ff@)).f '(x) = I
f'k)= J
g'\flil) '

Putting fk) = 2r
2tr=(2x-Bn)5 + **"or*
3-- -----
= x=-3n (It is only r =
*
ur/ is one-one function)
2
/ o-\
'fl\2l=2x
)

:+ 7
g'(2n)=-+ . =:=9
7 (.'f'(x)=5(2x-Bn)a +4/3-sinr)
rP+\
\z) 3
Ans.

cos1.ora.o.a....o. ti'1 .
Given that
2'"" 22 """ 23
"' - ' = ...(i)
2n Z" ,i.r[ , )
\2" )
Taking logarithm to the base 'e' on both sides of equation (i) and then
differentiating w.r.t. r, we get

i +tanjl =l+cot\-.ot,)

Hm $ 'i,'^"^^r:,,-i':,.
n+*2. ctfl
=t. 9n n-*l x
t
;
U,
'' ,,
)
|
jl_
."-l = [] -.ot,))
\,

[1-.otr. re(0.^)-]I]
=)* 2
*=, nr,
We have ft*l
[ ;'
Clearly, limf(r) = tirr,f l-.ot*l= ? = f [+'J
,j' 22 *-n\x ) x'\2)

Hence, /(r) is continuous atx = , Ans.

P'(x) = f(x)g'(x) + g(x)f '(x)

 P'(2) = f(2)e'Q) + SQ)f '(2)

1+8 GRB Problems iru Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

-- (1) (2) + 4(-1)

_.)
g(r)f '(xt - fk\g'k)
e,\*) =
g"(x)
g,(2) =@) Gt) -(t) e) = _
-16168 6 = _q

C,(x) = f ,(g(x))g,@)
C'(2) = f '(+)'Z=3'2=6
5. y = (A + Bx) e*' + (m - l)-2 .e'
y 'e-*' = (A + Bx) + (m - 11*2."tt-'t'
e**'' y7 - my + e-* = B - (m- 1)-1'
"-(m-t)x
. e-* ' z - te-*' .m - mle-** . t - e-* .ml - g-(m-t)x

e-* 'yt - filzlte-^t + my.e-*' -

Yz-2mYt*mY=sx "-(m-l)x Ans.
6. Nr. = cos6r + (1 + 5) cos 4r + (5 + 10) cos 2r + 10
= cos6r + cos4r + S(cos4r + cos2r) + 10(1 + cos2r)
= 2coslx cos.r + 10 cos3r cosr + 20 cos2 x
= 2cosx [cos5r + 5cos3r + 10cosr]
...Denominator...
dY
u= ' = 2cosr
  Dr. .'. = -2sinx Ans.
dx
7. Given 1'1y1= g@)

g'(x)=fiz)=f"(x)
Let , = Stxs)
dv
:L = f ,(xB).9*2
dx
,,
1-Y" = 3l3x2x'.f "(*t) + 2.-f '(xs)l
dx'
=gx4 f "(x3) +6xy'{*3)
= gx4 . f(x5) + 6rg(1
3)

= tzx" f(xb) + pxg(x" )

(k+ p + a +b +c) = 9+ 4 +6 +6 +3 = 28 Ans.

8. (A) %, + Zyy' = g
 =+ y' = -*-
v
v'GlD=-1=A=-1

Methods of Differentiatton
149

(B) cosy ' y'+cosff = sinr 'cosy'y'+ siny'cosr

When X=y=lt
-y'-1 =0+0
-(C) '(n) = -l=B = -l
2etv(xy'+ y)+e'evy'+ete* -e* -e y'= e'e'v(xy'+ y)
at x=l,Y=1
%(y' +7) + e2Y' + e2 - e - eY' - ez(Y' +l)
eY'+e=0
v'=-l=C=-l
Hence, A+B+C =-B Ans.
1-x Il -'l
g. dY
=4 +1+r +x2 =2n\ ' ' +xz +x+l
dxz ",
g \y) =
dY
dx1 r-'l
-l
ze\ 2)+x2+x+1
,7

When y=-Lthenr=1
6
dv111 Ans.
d* ),=-r,u 2+3 5

Alternatively: We have (gol)(x) = x

E'ff@))f '(x) = 7
When f(.r\=-\=*=t
b
/ -\
+ E,l_Llf,rrr
"\ =r
6)'
1- 1 Ans.
Hence, r'(
'[ -7)= =
6) f- i) b
10. /(r) = sin-l{[3r + 2]- {3r + @'{Zx})\l
,. l,0. a)
\' 72)
= u.(0,
(6,).'.tut = *
and e, . lo, I'l
 \
f(x) = sin-1{2- tSir -r}} = sin-1{2- 2r} (As {2- Zx1 =l-Z'x)
f(x)=sin-1(1 -?tc)=J
= l- ?-x = siny

150 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

)c=1-sinv" =t--r.-(y)
2

1-1tx)=lj-=s(x)
g'(il = 1"or*

,,1,r.1=_1rJ5)__v5
'[oJ zlz)- 4
Ans.

11. limx' = let I = tc" hence as n -+ 0, x' -+ |

L=(0)'-1=-1 Ans.
12. LeL P(x) = x" + ax +B
As 11, x2, xg, ..., xn*l be zeroes of P(x)
P(x) = (x - x )2 (x - x ) (x - x s) (x - x ) ...(x - x n-1) = )cn + CI, + B
Let P(*)"."
Q@) =(x - x2)(x - xs)(x - xa,)...(x - xn-1) = ..
k-x)'
Then Q@) =(x1- x)(x1-
xs)(x1- x)...(x1- xn_t)
As Q(r) is a polynomial function hence it is continuous and differentiable at x = x r.
xn + ax +9
8(r1) = lrg.J?n= Ig
,rt r+r1 (X - X)2
(X - Xt)z
Applying L'Hospital rule twice or otherwise
t' nc
QGr) =
"'T *r-2 = z'x -2 Ans.
rB. /(or =I're-TP
( t- tt-ttl
l-;'"[,*J ltt)
(t-
tt_
h\uh 1
" )
f'(0*) = lim [t+a] )-l"u
n2 f
lim
= h+0
h+0 h
M
th rL1)*2
1 eh \1+i/ _1
q
 e'

\n(r- h\
*z
1
,
e' (ti*# r\+)=i I* h \t+h)

Me tho d s of Diff er e ntiat io n 151

1
n(L h\*zn
..
llm \L+h)
=
h+o
-.
e2
1 -. ln(1-h"h) - n,0+ b +2h
= llm
-.
e2 h-+o h'
-n
h-
12
h3
\-(o-4'2 *h'3 -
2 ,f ]1, ).,0
,2h h'

llVv /'(o-) =o
Ans.
Ans.
14. Using L'Hospital's rule 2 times, we get limit = 4'
15. Given, cot 1r + cot 1 y + cot-t(xy, ='# ...(i)

Put r = 1, we get
cot-1 1+ cot-1Y + cot'-l t =#
- -1 (ttn n) 8n
2cot'V-l---l=-=-
2n
" [12 4) t2 3

cot-1 Y = I
.1

t=|"
= 1Vd

So, P(* =','", = *'l

\. ^13 )

Now, differentiating both sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get

-1 _ 1 .dy_ t (.42*r)=o
"
l+xz l+y' dx l+x2yz \ dx )

Put r = l, =],lo *e g"t

 o
 r
r)r) 1
2 \- rgi -llr*rl\
_l
lt*1ld"r
la,
\ 3)
lf
,. ax *1'l=
Jsl o

-l - llal= 2" I l4)

z +\Je) 4 \dx )

(zJ*+s)-s1ayi
[ +Js ) z\ax.t

1,52 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutiorus)

dy -z(Ns+s\ -1 t (L ,
41g s-l./s=-[5*rts)=') Ans.

a"=;[
16. Puttingf = tan0,we get )=
sinr = sin20
and coty = gs12g
x = nrE+ (-1)" 20
and y=mn+20
dx
= Gr\'2
de
and fu=z
ds

*a)/ = f o" -1 [But for given 0 it will have only one value]

*dy" =o Ans.

17, Let lim ((r' +(tanr)'o'""' +(cosec r))t'"' )

* --r 0+

= h + lz + lr, where /, = liTr. r" (0')

+ ln/, =,r1T. r.lnr(0 x -)

= lim ,1o1:)=
x+0+ I \ -,/
rim
x+0* -I i =o at, =1
xx2
Now, /z = lim (tanr)"o""t* = 0 (0-)
: +0*
Also, ls = lim (cosec rltanx . (-o)
r +0+
 + lnl, = lim (tanr).ln(cosec r) x-)
x +0+

,.
= llm
ln(cosec r)
r+o+ cotx (=)
--1 ---**
(- cosec x .cotx)
"""*'= ,
to""t'' timfg=".',=0-+/o=1
= lim - -r
r+o+ -coseczr --0,'[ tanr J
Hence, (1, + l, + ls) = 1 +0 + 1 = 2. Ans.

18. '.' /(cr) = ["ot-, t'--:gry-]l

"o*
I t J1-cos2a))

Methods of Differentiation

COS C[

=
*, [*.-'I fiost"+Gcosr") )
fi11
-<ct<-
42

. dfkl) _-l Ans.

-t
d(cot ct)

-. hca +Bx3 +1 c (9ro.*)

lrm--
19.
x+1. (36 - 1) sinru
=
\o)
A+B+1;0 ...(i)
Prtx -L= h
*x=h+L
A(h + l)a + B(h+ 1)3 + 1 A(h + l)a + B(h+ 1)3 + 1 (o^
to'* )
Iim = Iim
h-+0 h+O -xh2 [o ]
n(__zit4)^n
Inft )
By L'Hospital's Rule

=
-1r.* 4A(ft + 1)3 + 3.B(& + 1)2 0
*r-)
n h+0 2h [as'i" 0
...(ii)
So, 4,4 +3.B = 0 (i)
Solve equations and (ii), we get A = 3, B = -4.
-1.. 72[&+t)3 -(a+t)2] -1,,-6t3(h+ l)-2(h+l)) -6
rlm - =-rill-r-=- Ans.
n i-ro 2h v h--+o 1 rr

2O. fG) = e* + Zx
 f'(x)=e'+2
/'(ln3) = 5
As, s'Q)=ft,

+
+ fiV-'all
fitf'r*rt=h
l,=1rmar=
,,h = Ans.

21. Given, \Lt'y' = (r + y)s

As, the given curve is represented by homogeneous equation in r and y, so
dyy-
7 = " (alwaYs)
dxc x,

t54 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

,2
o- 1,
and
-l
dx' = o (always)
,9
H"r,.",d-{l -o Ans.
d*" .)p,rl
22. Given 8(r) = (f(2ftx) + 2tl2
g'(x) = 2f(2f(x) + 2).. f '(2f(x) + 2).2f '(x)
So, g'(0) = 2f(2 + 2f (U) . f '(2 + 2f(D 2f '(0)
= g'{0)=-4 Ans.
23. Replacing r by 2-x and y by 2h in given functional equation

l'(x+ht=t(n:-f(4
2
y^L@} \-IQ) y^f(%) + fQD -
h+0 h
=
h-+0 2h 'rr*, ...(i)
In given relation put y = 0
^( x\ ftx)+-1
= /l-l='
\91 /
e e
\

r, = f(2r)
= l\x) i*i
L

f(2'x) - 2f(x) = *l ..'(ii)

Using equation (ii) in equation (i), we get
f' '(x) = /r-0
\rftz\^t = f '(ot
-'
2h
 f'kt=-l
f@) =l- x = f -'(x),i.e., inverse of itself. Ans.
24. As f(-x)= -f(x)
= f(x) is an odd differentiable function.
-f '(-x) = -f '(x)
+ f "(-x) = -f "(x)
Put r = 0, we get
2f "(o) = o
So, f"(O)=Q Ans.
Note : Domain of function = (-1, 1)
25. L'(x) = 0 A(r) = constant (differentiate row wise)
=
Degree = 0 Ans.
,U. ,._[g(2+ sinr) - g(2+x cosr)].f sinr -r cosr)
*-ol sinx -.,r cos.r I I x - sinr )

Me tho d s of Dif er e ntiatio n 155

=s,(2)I$(ry#*)[3)
= s,(2\
ls[r:ffi )=
zs,tz,

27. x = -1 is the factor of 1st row, 2nd row, Srd row and 3rd column'
Hence, ?(r) contains (r + 1)4.
T"'(_l) =0 Ans.
h(x)=g2(x+f(x))
h'(x) = Zg(x + f(x))g'(x + /(r))(1+ f '(x))
h'(5) 2g(5+ f6De'6+ /(5))(1+ /'(5))
= Z sg) = 4, f '(5) - o, g'(7) = 3
f(5) =
h'(5) = 250)S' g)(l+0) = 2 x 4 xB = 24 Ans.

We know ----dv=
t}rat{L
*

-glrl
d,* - ,lal 4u(chainrure)
dY' dYl dY I d.l dY I dY
\dx ) \dx )

= (0"\l ,
 -1 li*
li,,r )l o='

la-) \ dx
_dry d'y (dv)'
. d'2x
-= d*c : Hence, dx2 -- -ld. latl
idv)' - -ld.l = -(
g'ttt
I An".
dt, (qr:' d\ ) lt \f'ft\)
la* ) dy' \at )
dy
' d''y d ( p'(t)\ dt d'z'v f '(t)g"(t)- g'(t)f "(t)
Alternativelv- ,4= --g'(t) = (f '(tD3
d.x #=
dt f.i;l' d*r=Ail1r) )'a*= d*r=
dx
4t = f'\t)
q: = a ( f'al\ at = s'(t\f"ftt - f'ft\s"ft)
s'Gi - dt'- drl{@)' do @
And,4L = d.y
dy
a
. (a"\ l(g .) = _ f g'o) Ans.
la*' )l lay' )
13
\ f 'ttt )

156 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

3O. f '(*) = 3(Iogz il2 x,

+3*2

f(x)=9=x=2
 r-ro:l
d.x' '*'1,=, =J-l ==r =2
- f1*)1,=r-fir- n Ans.
2
31. y'=3hx2 -x3 (Differentiatingtwice)
3Y'Y, =6hx -3x2
y2 yt = 2hx - x2 ...(i)
zyy? +y2yz=2(k-x) ...(ii)

.rrom eqn. (rr, tt =

2kx - x2
;
Substitute in eqn. (ii),

y2yz L
+rnl*u -*'f = rru-*,
Y' -]

rz- 2(2kxy- x2 )2=2(kyz- x)

lz+
zekx - x2)2= 2(k- x) y" e
 ; s--
2(2kx - x2)z 2G - x)
tr*ff=T'(3kx2 -xB)
.)
y, + ll+kzxz + x4 - 4lzx3 -Bhzxz + hx3 +Shx, - rnl =0
v"
y,+tv =o

= n=2k2 Ans.
32. lf(x)l<|"' -
"21v
*, o
Vfzll<O=f(2) =o
l/(r) l< l"' - n'l

= lftxl - ftzr,. 1.- lr'tr'-' - ttl

I x-2 | x-21 x-2 I

= lf 'Q)l< e2

= ll2a, + 4b + cl< e2
l=e2+lll=7 Ans.

Methods of Differentiation L57

33.'"' S(h(xD = v s g'(h(x))h'(x) = l

--1=. 'h'|il = I
1+ (h(r))"
h'(x) = 1+ (h(r))3
=
+ h"(x) = 3(h(x))2 h'(x)
h,,(x) = 3h2(x) (1+ h3(.r)) Ans.

34. tans =
.. ln/ - ln2
[m-----
t+- 1+- t-2
Using L'Hospital rule
(t,
= li*1/f
-r- 1 -o l 0
Hence, when the situation is limiting
BP -+ BP' (along horizontal)
and AP + Aq

= 0-+I-B=cos0
2
/\
coso -+ .o.l 1- 0I
') = sing
\z
1
 But tanP =ln2

J-- ,-+- ' = sinp =

lim coso = lim cos t'+ - Bl
\2 ) +
Jf +1n22
Ans.

(t -t)2 + 1+In2 2-[(lnt -ln2)2 +(t -D21

Alternatively: Iim cos0 =
t)*

t*f +* - z + + t + lffi-lrT- lffi

+2\nt.ln* -4+4t
lim r-------------;
h+ln\;;; 2llln't +ft -l)"
1 ..
- f-1+ln/.1n2
,h*lr-'2'-*
= ---: IIITI
Inr12*ir_1)'
\ t ) t, t,t

1 ..
1-1+tr,z.l1'
= --p IIITI Ans.
J1+ lrr' 2 t--

158 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

35. We have, /tr) =.r3 + 2,tc2 + 4x- r*(T)

,(il .o.[I1']
f = Bx2 + 4x + 4 +
2 \2) = /'(1) = 11
Also, /(1) = 8
so, s'(8)=,|,=+ Ans.
f{x) g1:) h/u-)
I
36. '.' 4tr) = 11111 g'k) h'@l
|

)f ",*l s"(x) h"k)l

lf 't*t g'k) h'\x)l I ft*t

,,{*l e(r) htx)
| |
ft*l
,til s(x) h@
g'(r) =lf 'tx) g'txt h'(x\l+lf g,,(x) h,,k)l*lf g,@) h,{il1
|

=
lf"t*) g"(x) h"k)l lf"(r) g"(x\ h"(xtl lf,,(*) g,,(x) h,,k)l
lf@ e{.l) h(x)l
=0+0 +lf 'ol g'k) h'G)lf .'f ,s,lzare quadratic polynomials.... f ,,=g,,= h,, =01
lt
lo o ol
-0
$(r) must be a constant function.
 0(r) = bG-x)
.. d(r)-d(4-r)
llm-=O
x--+2 sin(r - 2) Ans.
37. S(5) = land /(1) =5
Now, g"(5) = - f"(g(x))=
,@(xt)|"
1f

= p,,(5)=_ f"(g(5)l =_ f"(r)

lf ,(s(5))13 Lf ,0)f
f '(x) = 3x2 +3, f'(l) =6
f "(x) = 6x, f "(l) = g
A"(b]=-=---6 1 Ans.
- 216 36

Linked Comprehension Type

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. I to B

Given f(l) = l, f(2) = 20, f(-4) = -4
&d /(r+y)= f(x)+f(y)+axy(x+9+bxy+c(x+y)+4V x,ye R, where a,b,c
are constants.
Putr=y=0

Metho ds of D if e r entiatio n 159

= /(0) = zf(O) + 4
= f(0) = -4
Now, putr = landjl = 0, we getc = 0
Putr=1andy=1,weget
f(2)=2f(7)+6+b+4
+ 20=W)+6+b+4
:+ L4=6+b ...(i)
:+ 6=8
Hence, b = 8and c = 0 +b* c = 8. Ans.
+ y1= + +\xy(x + y) +&xy + 4
f(x
Now,
,(x\ f(y)
f@)
tf '--, =rr^f\x
+hl- f(A rr^f(ht+Sxhtx +ht+8xh+4
- h+o
i-;o h h
,.
llm'
=
f(ht +\xhk + hl +8xh- f{Ot
= f'Q)+3x2+&r=3x2+8x
h+o h
Integrating both sides w.r.t. r, we get
f(x) = xs + 4x2 +C
f(0)=-4=C=-4
 Hence, f(x) = x3 + 4x2 - 4
f(x)=x3 +4e'

x2 -4=x3 ,L graph is ofy = 1 -

- l= e' +4e'
x3 +4x2 iOotted
.xx
j Ott e, graph is ofy = 9
Dividing by r, we get x - '*
- xcx
Hence, the above equation will have two solutions. Ans.
f(x) > **2 + (5m + l)x + 4mY x > O
(x + 4)(x + 1)(r - 7)2 m(x + 1)(r + 4) + (x'1) > m-nt'+ 1< r Vr >0

= m+l<O=m3-l
Hence, maximum value of nz = *1. Ans.

Paragraph for Nos" 4 to 6

Area of MBC $fuestion
L,=t ah = 12 9
We have. 2 Oh=24a11 =-=-.-
-2424
a 2RsinA
h-
2x6xsinA
h=2cosecA
So, l=f@)=2cosecff

160 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Clearly, least value of f(x) is 2. Ans.

We have, g(x) = /(sin-l x) = 2cosec (sin-l *) = ?,
lc

g'(i = -3
tc-
.(
g l-l=-
+\ -2.2s -25 Ans.
- "(5/ 16 8

\.2 cosec ,)
=.""-' [] .".-t *) = -*
We have, h(x.) 2 = (cosec
) 2
f
"Zhrxt -%lr"
^ -\l+sinr
1., ,(r-,\ [r-,']/+sinr
Now, lim
\- h\x) cosx
= lim "'2)-2*'2
(n \
a+l r)-
Ii -'.1'o"
/n /
x-l
\2) \2)
I I

put, r = n,we get

|-
(eh -7)2 (1 - cosh)
 ,. e2h -2eh +1-(1-cosh) h2 - -
h-+O
 1rl
h.sinh
=1i^
h+0 Srn/r
h2

-h

22I
r-1= Ans.

Paragraph for $fuestlon Nos. 7 to g

': f(x) = x2 + g'(O)x + g"(3)
Let g'(0)=aand,g"(3)=b
f(x)=x2 +qx+b
f (-Z) = 4 -2a+ b, f '(x) = Zx + a and. f "(x) = 2
g(y) = f (-z1tz + yf "(y) + f'(y) - z
- 2a + b) y2 + 2y + 2y + (a -
= (4 2)

=(4-%t+b)y2 +4y+(a-2)
g'(y)=2(4-2n+b)y+4
and g"(Y)=2(4-2a+b)
g"(3)=b=2(4-%.+b)=b
4a-b=8 ...(i)
g'(0)=a=4=a
L6-b=8=b=8
f(x)=x2 +4x+8and g(9= 4y2 +4y+2
f(1)=1+4+8=13 Ans.

if er entiatio n 161
Metho ds o f D

  l*'+4x+8.
h(xl=1 r20
l+*'+4x+2, r<0
^

L.H.L. (atr = 0) = 2and R.H'L. (atx = 6; = 3 = f(0)

Ans.
= h(x)is discontinuous atr = 0.
'.' f@) = o2 +4er +8 = (cr * 2)2 + 4> 4

and g(P) = 4$2 +48+2=(2F+1)2 +1> 1

:+ f(cr)S(p) > a
But given f(ct) S(D < a
So, /(cr)s(F) = +
_1
a=-2andP=--1
Hence, number of non-positive ordered pairs = I Ans.

Paragraph for $|uestion Nos. 1O and 11

l- y'1*\e +t,y) = J- f '(*)tnf Q) \
 t'k.gt fG)'
Putting r =0
f lt,) =
f,,( ),rfrrt
f(Y) /(o)
f '(y) _, f.' /(0) = 2, f '(0) = el
f(y)rnfQ)
ln(ln/(y)) - Y+c 4c=0
f(y)=s"Y +f(x)=e"'
g(x) = ln(ln(r))
111
" = Inr x = rlnr
E'(x)
-
t" 1 + Intr
g"lx)=- x , =- (rt*t"=
3-lnx)z Inr)2
o"ror=-I+l--2
."2
 
e'o e' o

ln(ln/(r)) = g2t1{x)- 3g(f(r))) - 5

*=x2-Bx-5
x2-4*-5=0 =(x-5)(r+1)=0 = x=-L5. Ans.

162 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Paragraph for Question Nos. 12 to 14

tim (f
'rt,xt
,--\g,(r)
+ f,,txv&l]
"'g(:))
lim fz(rr
= r+@

= :X#**su*[p=n ...(i)

Now, Let li* /(*) = z[:)

*--g(r) [-/
,r* f ' *',
= L (From L'Hospital rule)
r+- g (.f I
From eqn. (i),
L+5L=12
L=2
'(x)
Now, 1^f
x +*
-,
g,(x)
.. e'-'f '(*\ t \
eio ' '{x) + '(x)l
 = lim" ''*'=21=1,
,_*ei*g,(x) l"ro=
-l*f '-'"
lf Lf
-2
; :; /o lg' '(x) + )"g'(v))
,.
Irm' -' =2
)"f '(x) + f "(x)
'
*-* )"9'(x) + g"(x) Ans.

More Than One Correct Answers

1. Differential coefficient of /(r) w.r.t. sin -1 x=-2L

l*l
At x = 7/2it is -2
f '(0*) = -2;f '(O-) = 2
= /is not derivable atr = 0. Ans.
,, dy- 1 .d'y_d( 7 ldy
-' dx - a*tay'i*' - ;yld. / dy ) a. = - (dx /1dy)B d2x
dy2

Hence, .r--a+l-1
d2y / dv \3 -:'=0
dxz \dx ) dx
dy

I d'* * 1
_-01
becomes -*. (dx I dy)r dyz tdx / dyt\ @x / dy)

*d'*_r*id*l'=n
d.v' lav )

dzx ( dx \2
..f,-+l
= -l l =l
d.Y' I,dY
h=7

Methods of Differentiation 163

f '(x\ = r'- /t$

B. 'h-Oh + h) - /(x)

,l ?,tc + 2h\ 2* + 2 x 0))

,,'[
lrn
- h+o
2)-Il "(
2 )

h
,.- f(%)
=llITI-
+ f(2h) - fer) - f(0)
h-+0 2h

= hmfQh)
- f(0)
h+0 2h
f '(x) = f '(0) = -1(Given)
Now on integrating both sides, we get
f(x) = -x +C
 + f(x)=-x+l(As/(0)=1)
(A) f( lrl) = 1- lrl, which is continuous V r e ,R.
(B) f(x) = r- x
f -'(*) = l- x
= f(x) = f-'(*) will have infinite solutions.
(C) (/(0))2 +ffOD2 +ffQDz +...+(/(10))2
= 1+0+12 + 22 +32 +...+9?

=1*10x9x19=1+(15x19)
6
=1+285=286 Ans.
(D) tan-l(/(r)) = tan-1(1- r),which is derivable Y x e R. Ans.

4. We have,
[,'
* ,i,rla). x *r o
"'"[y' )' if e LL w
/(r) = |
10, if r =0
(A) As /(0) = 0, so f(r) is continuous at x = 0, if
0 = lim r' .i.r[1 l=o , 0
x->0'f(r) =
lim Ans.
x+0 J

\f "
(B) '(o) = lim /(ft) - f(o)
f'h+Oh

h" ---
sin( l-o-
= 1i* \ ft" J timh,
= h-o ,..ir[1) = o.
h,so h \h, )
Provided, a-l> 0=o > 1 Ans.
t cos[."
/ 1\ / -c ) o-t , 1 L x+O
4 rv
(c)wehave f'txl=]x" J t,-r )+o'x" "srnl -t'
[0. x =0
Clearly, '(x)iscontinuous atx = 0,ito > 1+c. Ans.
f
 

164 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(D) We have f "(0) =

h's\
r^IJP;IJO
h

h' .cos{ 1 I [ -'']*o'ft''..ir[' )-o

= lim
[h' ) \h"n' ) \n' )
h+0

=0,provided,a> c+2 Ans.

o. Given, f :(0, -) --+ (--, -) be defined as /(r) = e' + lnx
1
(0,-)
Also, f'(xt=e^ +r- >0Vxe t

Also, lim f(r)= rcand lim f(x) = --

r --.6 .r-0-
 =+ f(x) is a bijective mapping.
As f[)=e=g(e)=l
Also. €'le)' = L
f,1)
f '(x) = e* +x
f'(7)=(e+l)
f"(*)=r'-j.+f"(7)=(e
x"
_1)

1
So, g'(e) =
,-L
Also, g' '(e) = - f
"(l) (Ar, s"t*)= {gl'l
(f "(lD3 | (
f'( x))" )
-(e-1)=- 7-e
(e + 1)s (e + 1)3

Now, verify alternatives.

(A)
6. Given fk) = xz + 10 sinr V x e R
Also, /(0) = 0 and f(r) is continuous on,B.
-+
,111-/(r) -
=+ There exists some real number c such that f(c) = 1000.
(Using intermediate value theorem). Ans.
(B) Let f(il = lx2 + xl= lr(r + 1) |

_l xG +l), (--, - 1) u(0, -)

-
l-r(r + 1), [-1, 0]
So, /(x) is non-derivable at two points uiz x = -1, 0.Ans.
(C) Ify = f(x)andr = g(y)rnhere g=I 1, then

Melhods of Diffe rentiation 165

d'y
d}x __
Z__---:)-:-
d*, 4l*o
dy' ( dy\' dx
la* )
irational values such that
(D) As f(r) is continuous on (0, 5) and /(r) takes only Ans'
16;=;so/(r) = nte'ft')"'"tb"onlvconstantfunction)'

-e
f@=l--:
  l -=secO
+ cos20
,-\
1. rl 1'l=12
',[4,
f '(01= sec0tan0
f
,l+\=
4/ "tr
d(f(o)ll =[ -] ) _--2 Ans.
d(cos0)lu=^ \cos"0is=l

Partially differentiating w'r't' r taking y as a constant

8. f'(x + y) = f'(x) + e' (eY - l)
x=Of'Q)=/(0)+eY -t
f '(Y) = eY +t
Integrating both sides
f(y)=et +y+c
Putting J=0,0=1+0+c
c=-1
=
f(x)=e'+x-1-
the oPtions.
Now, verifY
9. r(x) = I;ol, #) ==t,r,rfl.
J*2 = - xc
+c

f(z) = -\*c = L+C =7

2 2

f(x) =x x
-l

166 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

+-1 '-1-1
gr(.r) = fk)= -'ix gz@)= f(fk)l= x . =
-1 1

{-} x-l 7-x'

x

1-rL--1)
(x )
g+(x) = gr(x) =+r Bs(r) = 8z(x) = = Bs(r) =r andsoon
 Cfin-zlx) =
x-1 *186(r)
g,rr_r,(x) =
1
gs,(x) = x
;, 1].,
fr{g,r,-r,{*, =
*(, - :) = ; .'. option (A) is wrong.

*(6l,r,,(x)) =
fiul =, .'. option (B) is correct.

Applying L'Hospital,s rule

 s#
1+'2r
,r*
+1 +"'11 100ree + 1 = l+ 2+...+ 100 + 1 = s0b1 .'. option (C) is wrong.

  = g ro(x) = gy,r-tt(r) = - 1

l-x
gh,_,@)=#
9ft,_y(r)|,1 = 4 .'.option (D) is also correct" Ans.
2

Match the Columns Type

1. (A) f@) =.or-'|,

-Z:] = I - ---' I
k
. \r+x2) 2 "i.,-t \t**r)
]

ftxl=I-2hn-'r,-1<x<1
2

So, f'(xlo1*=s= -2^=-2 Ans.

. l+x.
(B) g@) =
"os-1(2r2 -
1)

S'(x) =$<*)
,, t-tu2 _7)2
So, g(0) = non-existent. Ans.

Methods of Differentiation
16i

In +Ztar.-lx, -e(r(0
[#
lz
(c) h(xt =.,"-' =
; - "o,-, [ 1#l= lnt-l9 - 2tan-r x, r >0
J

As h'(O-) = 2and h'(O*) = -2

So, h'(O) = non-existent
 (D) ktx) =tur, ' [3'
-']l = rru., ' ,,
-l
'*
1
lo
vB

k,(x) =-j [r-s*'j

^,
So, fr'(o) = 3 Ans.
l+x2
z ., '

2. 1l -rl7- x"- I- 2tan-r x, x ), o

f1(J) =--COS
2 It**') I=
z

..( k)l
t * - + 2tan-7 x; -1 <x<l
fz@) =)c--+ srn^l-l={
2
2 \1+r' ) l- - + n- 2tan-t x; x>l
t^ 2
fs(x) = 2tan-r x - lc +lxl = 2tan-t x-x+1, l<x<2
tanl > 1
-2
dffrk))  + x2 d(fr@))
(A)
dffz@)) ,I- 2 - d(f2\x)\
=1+sec2
- t
l+ x"
I
_:_ -7
(B) d(frG)) 1+ xz
I --1
d(fz@)) 1-
l+ xz
(c) f2@)-fr@)=xforxr>1
2

lrf ,ul - f{x)) 4is = [x d.x =-+C

x
2

- f{x)) d,x) = x
ftrlrr,o,
*,f,
AX '
f2(xt-flkndxtl
lx-tan I
tanl-

2
(D) lr6r*,,
dx
=
7+x2
-1
I
lr, f,,*,,1 = a -l= -1
dx lr=",7 4 2
Ans.
Slope of the normal = 2 '

168 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

lnteger Answer Type

r.^ t2f(x +l) -k

1. t-x+t +t)2 f(il = 1 rq'l
f(t)-ftx+t) \0/
 2tf(x +l) *(x +l)2f'(t) -,
tim
t+x+t 'O)
2(x +l) f(x +1) -(x +l)2 f'(x +l)f = f'(x +t)
2(x + l). f(x +1) = [1 + (r + 1)2] f '(x + t)
f '(x +1) * 2(x +1)
f(x+L) 1+(r+1)2
Integrating, we get
In(/(r + 1)) = ln(1+ (r + 1)2) + lnc
Put x=-l
0=0+lnc+c=1
+ f(x +7) = 1+(r + L)2
So, f(x) = L+ x2
Hence,
,.
lim """*" - ln2
ln(f(r)) ^^^- ,. ln(l + x2)
- lim -lnz - 1 Ans.
.r-+1 x*L x-+t (r*1)
Aliter:
Note : For objective put Jc = *I,

im
t'f (* + 1) -(r +D2 fO) *1
t+r+t f(t) - f(rc +l)
li* ,r^o) =1
= t +o f(s) - f(Q)
lim '
=1
l
t-o
f(t) _

Hence, f?l-l'=t2=f(x)=7+x2 Ans.

o (a-l)x2 = x(2b+3)
The above equation is satisfied by three distinct values of r therefore it is an
identity.
2-?.a,=0 = a=\ and 2b+3=0 =+ b=a2
Now, f(x) = 2x +t"
Let g(x) = px + q
g'(x) = p
=

169
Methods of Differentiation

/(S(r)) = 6x -7
= Z(Px+q)+1=6x-7
2Px +?q+l=6x -7
=
2p=6
 =
= P =3and Q=-4
g'(20L2) =3 Ans'

3. The fact that the limit exists implies that

Iim(/(4r)+af$x)+bfz^d+cf(x)+d,f(0))=(l+a+b+c+d/(0)=0
r -r0
a+b+c*d=-l ...(i)
Apply L'Hospital rule once, then we have
+ af$x) + bf(?-x) + cf (x) + df (0) 4f '(4x) +Saf '(3x) + 2bf '(Zx) + cf '(x)
rr^
- r+0
^f(4il
,.
r-+0 x4 4x3
and for the following limit to exist, we also need
hm(4f '(4x) +\af '(k) +zbf '(2n) + cf '(x)) =(4+3a+2b+ c) f '(0) =0
r+O
3a+2b*c=-4 ...(ii)

Repeat this process twice and get another two equations as

9a+4b+c=-16 ...(iii) and 27a+8b*c=-64 ...(iv)
Now,(iv)-(iii)= tfu+ 4b+48=0 + 9a +2b+24 =0 ...(v)
(iii)-(iD = 6a+2b+L2=O = 6a+2b+12=0 ...(vi)
(v)-(vi) + 3a+L2=O = a=-4,b=6
From equation (ii), we get c = -4
and from equation (i), d = 1.
Hence, (25a + 50b + 100c + 500d
- 400 + 500 = 300
= -100 +300 Ans.
4. f@) =2tan-tr andg(r) = x +2-f(s@D =2tan-l(x + 2) solution of inequality
f2(s(x))-;fG@D+4>ois
f@GD< 1or/(g(r)) > 4 = tan-1(r +z)'2ortan-l(r
2
+2) > 2

= tan-l(r + zl .1 1,"- -*
[A.tur,-'t, * zi . 1l
2 2)
/t)
or x+2< tr"[r.,l

- " . l-ro. ,"rl,

"""\z)1l - ,'l
-
1 1
)

As 2
. 6 = t'unr' J3 = t'an- '.-r.l-zJs
Hence,totalintegersintherange are {-9, 4,-7,4,-5,4,-3,-2} =sintegersAns'

170 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

5. y''' -2tottt +1=o
Y1/3 - r-" t .,[' Jl
lnr, = Sln(r t"rF ll
 =
l1 -
a,

+x, _7 =(xz _ry? =gy2

IO

y ,l

2,xy? +Q2 -l)2yg2 =:r8yy1

xlt+@2 *l)yz=9y (As y, is not equal to 0, because y is not constant)
Dividing by y. we get
*lL*(x2-1)iz =9 Ans.
yy
lternatively: Given 2,x = (yv\ + y-ua) ...(i)
Differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get
/t
t;
l.y" _ rl
1*
,J, ]r,
= 2=
t,

[],:-,_*,; 3y

+ un=(oi - J]'' (Squaring)

'
+ 36y2 = Gx2 - q y? {Using equation (i)}
::) 9y'={x2 -Dyl ...(ii)
Again differentiate both sides of above equation, we get
18yy, = (x2 _ l).2yfl2+zxy?
+ 9y = (*' - 7)y, * *y,, (As y is not constant so y, + 0)
^
l=
(r2-1).jz*:.Jtx
= yv Ans.
g'(x)=f(x)=xe@)
g'(x) _ *x2
*
c@)
2

= ln(g(xl=L -C
4
= g(x) = 4n.u 2

x"
f(x)=xg(x)=laxe 2
I

f '(x) = neT On *') - sb)h(x)

h(x) = l+ x2

Methods of Differentiation t7L

Now, l+x2 =e*
Only one solution. Ans.
 Aliter:f(x)=xg(x)
f '(x) = xg'(x) + g(r)
f'(x)=xf(x)+g(x)
g(x)h(x) = x2 g(x) + g(r)
+ h(x)=x2+l (g(r)*0) Ans.
- l- ef")
'1.-=X
7+ el\*)
:+ f'(il =,"f='l
(1+rl domain of f(x)is (-1, 1).

1-x L+x ,2-l

_1
f(xl = lnS +x = --1
1
g'(y) =
f '(x)
= g'(h2) = 11-3 -8
",r-1) g

' ln) 3

g"(y) = _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
I",,(l;l-l\
g"(ln2) =
?/

/ ttl r-rt\3.
I 'I
['
I

1z ))
4x
(x2 - t)2
/
-4.1(zl
-r\ I

32
99.
16
-=-
(3:2)
(gl B2xB B
=_=_ 16
r-Rr3
t-l 2e
Is.]
3 r-3\ tt- e

G
25 l.8r-G
Ans.

172 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

9. We have
  
;; *o (.o=tlnr) + sin(rnr)) + rcs [
lnfl+sllltrrl.(,/-r-L
- sin(lnx) -* cos(Inr))
= \- , .
d,x )

= xlt - sin(Inr))
= 5t + 15 (cos(lnr)
xJz + Jt = byt +bra (cos(lnx) - sin(lnx)) * ru [-tt"j'"''
*f")
=
= x2yr+*y1 = 5xy1+ 5x5 (cos(lnr) - sin(In x)) - x5 (sin(1nr) + cos(lnr))
= *' y, - xyt = S(xlt - 5Y) - Y
-*'Y, - 4xYt = StcYt - 26Y
+x2yz -9xyt + 26y = O = x2yz * aWt + by = g
q. = -9 ar;.db = 26.
Hence, @+b)=17 Ans'
10. f(r) = 1n(1 + *2) + tan-1 r
g(f(x)) =x
e'ff@))f '(x) = 1
1
g'( =
=) /(x)) f'@
f"(x)
_
= s"ff(x)) f '(x) =
(f'(x))2
g' '(f(x)) _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
/ ^\
frx) = tnl z+ = tn(1 + *') + tan-1x
\/
|

ln2+ = 1n(1 + *') + tan-1 x

4
x =l
t I n\\
%i ll = -f "(1)
c"l
Ir
h,l
)) (f
(1))3

f '(x) _ 1 - b _?-tc+l
l+ xz 1+ x2 l+ x2
f2'(1) =1
17+x2)2-Q^x +L)Lx 2(7-x-x2)
f "(*) =
l+ x")"
=+

(l+ x2)2
-1
f "(l) =
-n
I I ^\) ,-1 1

tr
e'"l lnl %n ll= 27=-4
27
))
8

 
 frD
Metho d s o f D iff er entiation

I .e"l
r t r)ll Ans.
tnl z+ | ll = +
l. t
lzt
I ,lll
d'y
Alternativ
"tv
rt = --dr'-.
(dv\3
Hence bc"lrt\=-f"G)
'J' (f(r))3
Ans.

Ll. Given sin.r + sinY = 1

l;. )
dv ...(i)
cos.r[ + --L = l)
COS 1,
"dx
again
dzv (dv\z sinY = g
+ |
-sinr + cosY dx" -l\ctx
- . ,.)
J

(dv\' . /cosx\
cosY---;'= sinx + sinr[ffJ = sinx + smvl-
d2y
or I

dx' \cosY /

COS- ?- ^'
d2y
= sinr y + siny cor2 r
"os2
dx' sinr (1- sin2 y) + sinY(1 - sin2 r)
ffi
d'y
a7
Using sinr + sinY-= 1
doy -. sinr (1 - (1- sinr)2) + (1- sinr) (1 - sin2 r)
7.' ;;o
Llll|
-
(1* (1_ sinr)2) Jr - tr - sinx)2
sinr (2 sinr- sin2 r) + (1 * sinr) (1 - sin2 r)
=
(2sinr - sin2 x)J2sinx - sin'r
sin2 r Q- sinx)+ 1- sin2 r - sinr + sin3 r
Go.,f,'lz- sinr)3/2
- Ginx)3/2(2-
= sin2r-sinr+1-
d.2y
a*z "osr)3/'
-. d'zv
Iimx' ---; =
xo sin2 r - sinr + 1
r=o d.x" (sinr)3i2 (2- sinx)3/2
' 3
For non-zero existence of limit o = 9 tif ' , ,h"., limit will be
zero'
2
7:
and L=
2J2
g 3-
.28 =s12 + igl =18 Ans.
L2t =
\r)
12. We have g(r) = f i +-'l
I Ftrl]
On differentiating w.r.t. r, we get

 
 774 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

g'(x)=,,(h)"(*Fo4j{)
ri,=,,(hl"[g+")
As
=+ fl)=f'(t)
g'(1) =0 Ans.
13. f(*) + f(x + 2) + f(x+ 4) = 0 ...(i)
Replacingxbyx+2
fG + 2) + f(x + 4) + f(x +6) = 0 ...(ii)
(i) - (ii)
f(x)-/(r+6)=0
f(x)=f(x+6)YxeR
/(r)
is periodic with period 6.
Differntiating above equation
f'G)=f'(x+6)vrel?
f'(x) is also periodic with same period 6.
f(x) = f(x +6) - f(x +121 = f@ + 18) = ...
f(0) = fG) = f(12) = /(18) =...
nd f '(x) = f'(x + 6) = f '(x + L2) = f ,(x +1g) = ...
f '(0) = f '(6) = f '(12) = f '(78) = ...
+t2) - f@)f@ - fG +6)f(Ls) + /2(18)
Now, 1i^f'(* '(*) - zf(*)f (o) * ,'ro,
r+0 /-
i - tan-1 (1- rt l
\ =1i^f
,l r+o a(1sn-l 1 tan-l(l-r))
-
\4 )

= lim ff@) - f(0)2

x.tan-1[1-rt r])
r+0
\ r+r-"r l
= hm I /txr - /tor'12 2-x
,-o[ x )
trrr-t[ a ] 2-x
\z-x)
= ff'(o))2 '2 = 32 Ans.
14. cos ' * = I-
2
sin-l r,

sin(cos-l r) = cos(sin-1 r)
sin (cos-1 (sin(cos-1 r))) = cos(sin 1 (cos(sin -r x))) x
=
fk) = tanZ.x
 

Methods of Differentiation 775

d(tanZ-x)
-2sec22tc, -U Ans.
d(tanx) sec, *
15. Equation oftangent at x = 2to y = /(r) is = x +3.
The point (2, f(2)) i.e.,(2, ft) must satisfy y = x +3.

k=5 o(r\ - /-
fQ)=5=]11F,*,=J31f_;
For finite value of above limit we must have lmq(S(r) - 4) = 0
.'. Limg(r) = 4 = g(2) {As g(r) is a continuous function}
x ->2

AIso 5-8(r)-4-u
x+2 X-2
+ l,:rrys',;r) = 5

g(2) = 5 (As g(r) is differentiable)

8(r) is differentiable function.
f '(2) = f '12" ) = 1* f(2+ - f(zl
hl
h.0 h
g{2+h\-4 _s
=lim
h,o
h
h
,. s(2+h)-4*5h
=[m-
iao h2

= {:? {Applving L'Hospital's rule twice}

2
Given, slope of tangent to y = fG) at x = 2is 1.
f'(z)=t
g"9=t
2
. 6"(r.\
6 '-t - ,
f (2) + f '(.2) + g(2) + g'(2) + g' '(2)
=5+1+4+5+2=17 Ans.
t6. g3(r) -(r3 + z)g2(x) +(2-x3 + 1)g(r) -r3 = 0
(s(r) - t)2 (g(x) -r3) = o
=
So, invertible function is
8(x) = x3
8-r(x') = *us
g'(8).(g-1)'(8) = 16 Ans.
 

Indefinite
Integration

Exercise-1
Only One Correct Answer

1. f '(x).f '(x) - f@).f "(*1 = g

ur tf
'txt)z - f(x)f "bc) _ n
.- 2
(f''k))' =u

al fl*tl_o
dxlf '{x) )
Integr:ating, [^\.:). =, ...(i)
f '(x)
put r
-0, #="
+ c= 'hence ftx) -2
2f'(xl
From (i), 2f(x) = f '(x)
f '(xl o
_=z
fG)
Again integrating, ln [/(r)] = 2x + lt
put r=0togetk=O
= eb Ans.
2. We have f(x)+ 1)3
fk) = (r
Now, J fola* = (x + 1)3 4* =k +-l)a
*"
 

Indefinite Inte g r atio n 177

= g(x)=(x + 114
4
44 24
Hence, g(3)-gtrt=T-T=64-4=60 Ans'

3. Integrat" J ntu" o. sin 0 d0 by parts. One integral cancels'

+cosr+1)-(er +sinr+.n) dx=ln(e, +sinx+x)-x+C
4. I=;(e*
J e* +sinr+x
.'. f(x) = e' + sinr + r
and gk) = -x
f(x) + S@) = e' + sinr
Ans'

b. Let Jf -51:l
^a
4 J:- d.* = f(,*), where f(r) and g(r) are polynomials;
lA*, - 2Bx +Cl2 g(x)
(Bz + AC + Axz + 2Bx + C is not a perfect square)
Differentiate w.r.t. r
axz+2bx+c -gk)f'(x)-f(x)g'(x) ...(i)
(Ax2 + 2Bx + c)2 g2tx)
Hence, g(r) = Axz + 2Bx +C
If Nrof RHS in equation (i), has to be a quadratic function then f(r) must be linear
function (think )
i'e', f(x) = Px + q
p(Axz + 2Bx + C) - (px + Q('2Ax + 2'B) = qxz + 2bx +c

Comparing coefficient of r
2

AP -2AP = q
-Ao=a
+ p=+
Coeffrcient of r
2BP -(?-BP + 2Aq) = 26

= -Aq=b
+ a- -b
A
Constant term
PC-ZBq=s
Substituting the values of P and q
2Bb
 -aC*
A A ='
2Bb-aC = Ac
=

178 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

2Bb=Ac+aC
Hence, 2Bb=Ac+aC Ans.
6.

- lt
7. (x"+4x+l't"''
;-*adx=l
b+l . t :--
Zt+l -^d*=l-:*dx
. t 2s-2+x-3
'(r*n*
,rlt*n* 1)'"" 1)"'"
x *') ( x *2)
\
Nowput L* +t=t2.
x"X
L,

8. I =J {rirrtf OO, + r) .(sinr)dedr

= JKsin{f OOr) cosr + cos 100r . sinr)l(sinr)eec,r

= J sin(100r)Sosr . (sinr) dr r) . (sinx) dr

ee 100
+J cos (100
III
sin(100r) (sinr) 100
(100r ) (sin r) 100dr + cos( 100r) dr
- *:
100
IJ cos
(sin r
100 100 J
)

sin(100r) (sinr)1oo
+C Ans.
1oo
qx
g. Putl = * * | d* ;put cosr -L*tan-
, coso+cos.r l+tanzx
10. f(x2 +l) =(x2 +1)2 + 3x2 +2=(x2 +1)2 +3(x2 +1)- 1

Put x2 +L=t
f@ = tz +3t - 1 now integrate
f(x) = x2 +3x -l
11. Note that .""-t ..[ * r' = tan-1 r;
r. *--2\
.o.' l'- l = 2tan-lr forr > o
(r+x'j
tan 1r
I = JlY ^ ((tan-1 x)2 +2tan-t flc,x
l+rz
Put tarfr x =t
= e'{t2 +2t)d.t -- et
.*
 x (tan-l x)z
= ntan-r +C Ans.
1- 1,

2.l x' dx;

(*'*l+Bltrrr-'lr*1)
\ ,2 ,2 / I x,/

In de f inite Int e g r atio n t79

| \ - x'l
[, '"']a,
dx

 3. In = lcot"x 4x1 = [cot"

'[(,.:l'.'l*"'[,.])
[\ x't
2'r'(cosec2x
-l)dx
)

I,_u
n.-l

 =-:-n-l --ln.2
n.-7
I-+I-,--u (Put n - 2,3, 4, ...10)
n- L

I.+I^=-L1
2

I"+L=-u2
l,+1"=-- ,3
3

:::
q

1ro+1, =- ,

Adding Io + I, + 2(12+ 1, +... +.Ir) + In + Iro

=-ltt+-+...+-l
  uz
2 u')
el
Ans.
\.
14. f'lx)= 1
  1+cosx '
edx
Integrating, f(xl= I *-
2cos'
2

=11="., Ld* = .z.tunL+c =.*nL+c

212222
 /(0)=3=C=3;
f(x\ =tanr
t--' ----2,+ S, f()
-"\2) =+ Ans.

15.
, '2x +3
dx
)(*'*3ilk2+3r+2)+1
Put x2 +k =t

180 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(2x +3)dx = dt
d' ,f d'==c-J -c-
Itft+2l+l'r(t+l)2 ,+1 x2 +3x +7
= a=I,b=3,c=1 = a+b+c=5 Ans.
16. 1= rI d* +7-x2oo7
xtxzoaT * tt
=J..;Ctrm;D
-1x2oo7 rtx

=J[] -,ffi, 1,.

,ln.r- Ir* l+xzool)=
1l"*2007 - ln(1 + x2oo7 )
'
2007

hl j----l+C
1t2007\

zooT lt+r2oo7 ]
p+q+r=6027 Ans.
Atternatively: 1=
hr6#tr-,, = Ii.'ffi
17. Let r = ln*( ,"?i:
+tanzl* - i1'1a*
' \1+tanx \ 4l)
2tun*
(*-"1-rla,
=lrr( --- t-'
, tt+tanr+sec2 4) ')-""
= r["' Itanr - 1+
- \ - 1l]a,
\t+tanx sec2l* 4l)

= J", [,",[ - - on)+ sec2

(. - o^))o-

/ _,
=e'tanl x--"1+c Ans.
\ 4)
18.
  fO a* = h(secr) + ln(sec 2t) + ln(sec 4r) + In(sin8r) +C
 =ml .i"& 'l*c
\ cosr cos 2r cos 4.r
,/

, ( Ssinr'sin&r \
=lnl |

\ 8sinx.cosr cosZt cos4.r /

= rr, = u,ts.i,rr) = tns+ tn(sinr) +c

[8.iry",qq{)
= ln(sinr) +C Ans.

 
-

I nd e finite Int e gr atio n 181

-'(.f(x)-f '(x))
d.x = O*
t9 (1 + e-.' f(x))2
Put 1 -L
l+ e-'f(x)
-e-*f'k\+f(x\e'o* =dt
(1+ e-'f(x))2

I=t+C=- | Ans.
+ e ' f(x)
-+C
20. Differentiate the given integral with respect to r
d.u du du dw
"i., u-ii.;;
dzu=
dzu i- dx,
drt u
dzu- ,t*' d**, d*
d.w d,2u
dx dx2
-
dw=u
d.2u -

dx"^dx
, d.2u .
w = tlu-:d.x Ans.
dx"
dy _ -cosr(y+1)
21. We have,
dx (2 + sinr)
JI, v+1
vr
dv = Jr| 2+sin.r
""""" -cosff dx

frf, * 1) = -ln(2+ sinr) + Inc Ans.

/\
(v+1)=l. " I
\.2 + sinr /
 As y(0) = 0 = 1= = c=2
2

+ y+l 2
2+ sinr
/P \

_'
So- "\6/
vl-l
lDTrl
- 2+1
2 -t= 5-- t -1
5
Ans.
2
22. We have
7=
[{*r*-, **2m-r +**-r)(Z*7* +7x2* +14x*)u* dx

Nowput 2,tc7* +7x2* +74x* =t*

182 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

L4m(v7*-t * *2m-r + x*-L)dx = mt*-t d.t

I = lt- -L (t. )u* dt

T4J
t''*'
= l4(m *C
+ t)
m+7

_(%c7' +7x2* +14)c'\i _n Ans.

14(*-D
-TU
23. We have
lfZy * 5)d.y =
[@x +B)dx

+ y2 + 5y= q{t
"2 +3x +C

First of all, for circle we must have

ct=-2
= *'+y'-Br+Ey=C
AsP(1, lies on it, so 1+ 1-3+ 5 = C
1)
=C = 4
So, equation of circle isx2 +y2 -3x+5y-4=0,

whose radius = -E*? * 4=

J' Ans.
 4 4 2
24. [$=Segl4r. - t| secr ' tanr ' secr ,..
" .,/2 cos2 r - 1 z- sec2 r
Put ^l
2- sec2 x - t2
rt =c -t =c -Jr- sec\
-lt-at
=g -Jtaar\ Ans.
f(x2 + 1) = (r 2 +t)2 +Bxz +l
Put x2 +L=t
 f(t)=t2 +3(t -1)+1
f(t) =t2 +3t -2
[fr*ta*=$*+ ?-x+c Ans.

26. Put lnx = t

| -4:=
to*rll_ sin-,1'l' = I Ans.
t' 2)n 6

Indefinite

27. sinl1x(sinr)ae = [sinr'cos50r(sinr)ae + cosr sin50r(sinr)ae]

d
dx ((sirrr)to sin 5or)
=
50
28. rt=7,12=4
Pt*)'"h* d* = Q(x)'ea* + c
)I
k=4
and P(x)et* = s4* 1g'(x) + 4Qk)l
p(x)' Q'tx)
^
Q(r) Q(r)
lirrP(') =o+4=4
,-,_e(r)wili be a polynomial of same deglee as that of P(r) and the
Alternative : As Q(r)
P+'
leading coefficient of QG)is equal to leading coefficient "f

]sffi=l*h=n
Required=7+'7+4+4=22 Ans.
29. We have f(x) = (r + l-)3
-k *,
+-1)a
Now, tr*]6* = {* + l)3 dx

= g(xt=(r +41)a
Hence, s(3) - s(1) = t44-4 = un - 4 = 6o Ans.
 30.
I#a*=S- *a*
,.1+r2o1o , t
=J;;r* d*-) 1

x+*zonax

[ .4*11-1 ' = r 1+tr2010

ax
r 1+f,zo1o
"oo' ,, **1ffi );;xro, )dx

h(xt=14
Jx =lnx-C
h(1)=0 .'.c=0
hG) = lnx
h(e)=lr.e=l Ans.

184 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

i| -loglo /1oo-rr1
\ r 1l

I t"gro z I

1. A= 2\) = A =r(*'[#-r))
A* x .1 100-r
100 -r A
.
1=llog"10.logrnl
rloo_x) .

' -'\ x )
ta*

Jimtroo - x) -lnx) dx
=

= (x - 100) ln(100 - r) +(100 - x) - xlnx +x+C

I = (x - 100) 1n(100 - x) - xlnr +C Ans.

Linked Comprehension Type

Paragraph for Question Nos. I to B

+ rl*
llyLd,x
ux'-l =tnir'z+r 3tur-, lb -1\*c-
r-1 I I Js I Jd I
Differentiating both sides, we get
f(x)_ _ x -\ (x -t)(Zx+1)-(r2 +x +t).1
,3-1. x2+x+l (x - L)2

2
' -1"
r*[4 * t;'
I

Jg
\aE)
Al:-.-l:1=L a
4
 -l x3 3 3+(4x2 +4x+L)
x2 -2-x-2 1
x"-l x2+x+l
f@)=(x2 -?-x-2)+(x- t)
_^.2
L -- o
- -_L -O

/(1) = -3 Ans.
r=l 1-6cosecx,.
d( srnr ) =J srnf d(sinr)
6+ /(sinx) 6+sin2r-sinr-B
r- sln.n
9
=I d(sinr) (Put sinr = /)
sin2r*sinr+B

Irudefinite Integr ation 185

_6 16
I-
-l )tr_*s"'=J-18
t ,lt=l t2 t3 "'
dt
ttz
t
=tnl1-'**l*K=hl
\ t l' )
r--'
1 D\
n -|l+K
\ Slnr(. sln' .r
/ 1 Q \

(13\
g("r)=lnl t- -' 1--. ,-l
\ Srn"r Srn" "r .i

+ . -'"
'l
srtr=
'' lnil-
\ sinl sin'I )

Now, limg(f) = InS Ans.

t) t

,_ f 5+/(sinx)+f(cos *) d,*
'-J .;** + cosr
sinr
=J
5+ sin2 x - sinr -3+ cos2x - cosr -3,
slntr + cos.tr
= -ax = -x *X
h(x) = -x (since h(1) = -1)
Hence, tan-r(hQD + tan-1(h(3))
= tan-1(-2)+ tan-1(-3) = : 4n Ans.
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 4 and 5
 - l'
b@. ' =( a2 -
b.tt
\ 2)
* \b - 2t)2 + (r - 1)2 + 1

Now consid er E = (b - 2t)2 + (t - l)2 + I = 5t2 - 2t (2b + l) + b2 + 2

Now, -D b2-4b+g lb-2t2+5

"4a55
f{ l=-=

7
Hence, - 212 +7
g(6) = grcr. b. t)l.in = th
o
ll\v E=bz -4bt+5t2 *2t+2
Hence, f(r) = 0(o. b, /);-,. = -:-D-
4a

_ 4 7(5t2 -z:?* :
4
=5t2 -z +2-4tz =t2 -2t +2=ft -1)2 +1

186 GRB Problerns in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(i) d*
I
J(r-1)2+1 =tan-l(r-1)+c
(ii) 1[n'tr 2 - 4x +9)dx = ex (Lxz +Bx +C)+D
tr,J

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. r

 n' k2 - 4x +g) = e' (2Ax + B) +(Ax2 + Bx + C) e*
5

A= 55
.8=-6,c =B

A+B+C = 1 -9+3=2 Ans.

55
Paragraph for Question Nos. 6 to 8
f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) + xy - x - y
Partially differentiating w.r.t. y (taking r as a constant)
f'(xy).*=f'(y)+r-1
Putting   =l
f'(x)'x=f'(L)+x-l
f'k)'x=3+r
f'\il= +t
x

Integrating both sides

f(x) = 3lnr +x +c
 From the given functional rule
x= =1,/(1)=1
f(x)=3Inr+r+c
x=lrc=0
fG) = Slnx +r
(i) f@)=0 =Slnr*r=0
+ Inx- " Ans.
o

Clearly, ro lies in the interval (0, 1).

(ii) lf'*',*= Jf3l'{it
) x d*=|[3lnx
J\ x
+r']a,
x )
3(lr*)2 +x +c :/nx
=
(iii) [ef
k)d'x
= e' (ax3 + bxz + cx + A +x

= tn1t"'*'d, =e'(ax3 +bxz +cx +A+),

I nde finit e Inte gr atio n 187

d.x ex (aJcs + bx2 cx + A + X

= x3e* =
Differentiating both sides, w.r.t r
-
)c\e' = e' (ax\ +bx2 + cx + d) + e' (Saxz + 2bx + c)
Comparing coefficients on both sides
a=1,3a+b=0 = b=-3
2b+c=0 + c=6
c*d=0 + d=-G
a+b+c*d=1-3+6-6=-2 Ans.

More Than One Correct Answers

r' l . dt*1-=rJrG +U D),

r. t'-=rJ7*t dt
+$t 4)
= '
2:tu"-' f +g / 2)l
2 Js l.lsrz ' )
1 -,/2+1\
*tan't-m-l
1 (u2 +t\
. =fttan-'[-*-]."
-, An*
 Alternatively: I=1.
" (r'- +'zx-
*^ + L) - rc- 2

_t
r xdx
J(*'*x+l)(x2-x+l)
L c@2 +r + 1) -(x2 -r + 1) dt
-l-
2'(*2+x+1)(r2-x+l)
1r dx 1r dx
2Jx2-x+l 2Jx2+x+l
=r d* o*

1
2J (* -(712D2
=:tan'l-.(21.-1\
=
- r
-,(2.x+Lt
l-:tan'l:l
-ditzlz
+l/D)2 -t'El2tZ
1
2J (*

Ja (Js).ls \J3 l

1[ -, (u +t\1 .
=
G;ru"-' -*l
-, ( 2e -t\ - tan-'
t I t- i] "
Ans.

2. simplifying gives , = S ,tt-Bt:n2 :\ sec2 : ax

' (3 - tanz r) (1+ tanz r)
Put tanx = t

188 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

S-L-}tt -a,
t = (3-t")(l+t')
t( 1 2 )
=J[;r'z-.--r'z)dt
o.I r= & + .tr*) (1- ."rr) COST

Jst"r (1- stn-) ,6trur(1- strlr)

cos.r r
l- -dt
-
Jl-
tl \2 // 1\- o
-l (2)-srnx I -/t I -t'
v\2/
+.,1+K= _or
1+ sinx + cosr ,
1+ sin.r + cosr
J+K=x+C ...(i) +(C)
Again J-K=T (sin2r-"os2r)+sinr _dx
- cos.r -
1+ sinr + costr
_tJ (sinr - cosr) (sinr + cosx + 1)
r.*
1+ sinr + costr
J-K=-cosr-sinr+C ...(ii)
Hence, J=K-(sinr+cosr)+C (B)
(i) (ii)
 Also +

ZI =x -(cosr+sinr)+C
I = i--sinr-cosrl+C
2
and (i) - (ii)
2K=x+(sinr+cosr)+C
= 2f*+ sinr + cosr) +C
K
From (i), J=x-K+C = (C) Ans.

Match the Columns Type

1. Given , = [#d* and,t =

-91- a*

, ,3* d*
J = r1e4' -e-' o* =Jrnn*
l+e4,
r+r=li#*
Put e'=t = e'dx=dt

I nd e finite Inte gration 189

r +r =  l1*", d.,=J= d, = t ,*0,

l+ta ' t, * _ )' .,
,r, ?:

Put t- \=y
t
, =(,\ * \)a,
r" /
= a,

r dy 1 -r y 1 -rt2_ l
= tI y'*2
- =:tan'-:=.-...:tan
.,tD J, .1, "lit
J+r=1,ur,,["il)*c
.lz ...(i) =
(P)
| "lzrr )
(-7+ eb )
llVv J _I = J
1e* dx = )l_t t at
l+ en' l+ta
1 1
-1+ -1+ (t\
 | --J -dt = +l
tt'*7^
=+ t[r*r\'-,' o, It+-=y1
\r)
t' [''t,J
a

J-I=*fty'-2
/v =- t:rnv-J? 2J2 y+Jz
. t+--"ti
1

J-I=--l:In I
2"12
t*7*Jz
t

=
1 t2-Jit+t
J2 t2 + nDt +7
-ln-
1 , ,'u -^[2n* +l
-_..: ...(ii) (Q)

(i) (ii) gives

2J, eu +J1e'-t =
-
zI = ):tan14-_
I eb -tFze'+1,
-Jz Jzu* 2{2 eL' +.,tEh; 1

I = f:[ru.,-' 'u
-\ I e% -,F2e' + 1
(R) Ans.
z.Jzl J2nr   e% + J?n* -F 1
==>

190 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Integer Answer Type

1. lr*rnt=x-7
dx
Integrating both sides
2
x2y = t* -tla* =x2 -*ag
If x=lry=0
o=1-t*c
2

C=
2
qx2 l
x'\r"22
=
 11 1
"2x2ac2
_1

I
= _ 1 _r-1
dy
dx *' *3 *3

r-1
t( 3 >u
x e (-*,0) u(1 -)
2. wehave [ l--Tcoszx o*
' sin' x cost.lc

=
"ts:c=
dx-71-+ dx=Ir-Iz
stn' r " srn' r
Now, L = l['-+] xdx =le+a +71t1 -.osrdx
' \ sin'r./ "u", sin'r ' sino r
(D (II)
(By Parts)
t?l* *,,
- sin'x
rr_ rr=
ffi*"
where C is a constant of integration.
Hence, g(x') = 1^n,
So, g'(x) = , arrd g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
"""2 / _\
' :) = +
s10) = l and g"[
\4)
Hence, g'(0)+ g"l:
"
/ n\
i= 1+4 = 5 Ans.
\4)

Indefinite Integration 191

" 1-7cos2r dr. rsec2 *

= l 'f', dx -71--
L- a*
Aliter: We have tl-;i+
" srn' x cos- "r
" srn' " srn' x -r
7 = [tsinr)-7
It
(sec2 x)d.x -7f (cosecx)7 dx integrating by parts
III
tun* *71 cosx tanx dx
=(sinr)7 dx
J(sirrr)8 -7[
J(sinr)7

* ll,
d* t""= d*
, (sinr), *c
  'u", = -rl, (sinx),
(sinx), =
Girr*),
Hence, g(r) = tanr
So, g'(x) = sec' ,
 and g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
s10) = tund. s"(
" 1l = n \4)
Hence, g'(o)+ s"(Il = 1+4 = 5 Ans.
\4)
Alternatively: We have

...(i)

Differentiating bothI=*nd*=39L*c
cos'x ln'
sln' .r
.r
sides with respect to x, we get
l-7 cos2 x (sin7:r)g'(r) - sG)(.7 sin6 r cosr)
in7 r cos2,
--= sinl4 x
,"c2 * -7 = g,(x) -7 g(x)cotx
=
which is possible when g(r) = tanr
So, g'(x) = sec? *
and g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
9'(0) = L
/
and "s"l:l=
_\
\4)
+

Hence, g'(o)+c"[+.l =t+4=S Ans.

,4)

3. 1=

= Jtanar O* =*ln(sec8r) +C

192 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

^ 1--4
-'t^
a. ftxt=l r,"dx

t.t ort *2 frjo*the Dr, it will come out as r 3.

" 1
-
x+ _-3
ltdx
J
rt ,\"'
-*-
[,' J

1 | -oldx=2tdt
1\
 Put'r-*' =t2-2lx+
\ x"
Jc I

l'(x) = -l \a, = t +C = --L . +C,

'1" ^ll-*n
asf(0)=0=Cr=0
Now, l-=:a*
' rJr-r+ =1=sin-lr' nc,
2

but 8(0)=0=C, =6
s(x) = f.irr-'r'
"2
Hence, ,("1) =
ir=;
k=12 Ans.
-
AlternativelY : I = | ---: --:- 4*
-l -*4 -9*4
' (1- x* )-'
.l I * ?-xo ),
=J
[,r-rt,- 11- *1t'' )a*

This is of the form f(r) + xf '(x).

Flence, I=xf(il=__ _=+c

^ll_ *n
2.= 1
b. '.'I (.r-) -)c
-) f'tx\= 1 ,rr0
Jx
= f(x)=zJi+c k=integrationconstant)
/(1) = 1

= c=-1
= 2"lx l, r >0
and f(x)
g'(sin2r-1) = -
"rr2*+PY
xeR

In definite Inte g r atio n 193

EJ'(-cos2 x) = x p
= cos2 +

g'@)=p-x,Yr€[-1,0]
*
+ g(x)= nx-\+k (where&=integrationconstant)

g(-1) = 0
 1 o=-p-f,-n

= u=},*o

e(x)= p*-{*22*p
I z.[i-t, r>o
h(x)=1 *2
-1< r s 0
1
*
lo.'1 i,* o,
... Atr = 0, L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0).

=
Hence, -r=i,*,
2p =
-3
= p=;
.'.Absolute value of 2p is 3. Ans.
t1+r)-(1+r'z-)1
6. F(xt =; dx = ln(1 +x)+c
'(1+r)'(1 +x")"
tf'(99)-f(3)l=[1n25] =3 Ans.
7. -1<sin2r<0
[- sin2 r] = -1or 0

=+ su"-1 [- sin2 xl = nas sec-1(0) is not defrned.

J
r".-t [- sin2 x]d.x = rx + c
f(x) = rx
^/8\ 8 8
ll-l=Tc-=-
\ru/ Tx x
("f a)) _16
['l;].J - ,,
/ /8\\ 16 o
= lfl
I I _rrr | = 8_=z
nr))lr_, Ans.

194 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

8. J, (y2ooe +tr803 +xa0t)(?-1608 +5rn, *11olrno, o*

I@'oot +r803 *rn")

(%2oto + 5180a +l1xaoz)uao2 dx
put .h201,0
+ bx80a +lOxa02 =t;
4020(x2oos + x8o3 +ir aor)dx = dt
 (v2oos + ir 803 + *aol) a" =
ffi;
1
= 4020J
,
fs+izr1.1= 1 (
I
1.,)
t$oz
40201 1 *rl
I

[402 )
/ +oe\
- 1 ltno'1 *4oztli#
4o,0l "1-o l- noro
1

403
\+oz )
| 403

= (2o'o1o + 51 804
* ro*+ozlioi
4030

+ a=403 Ans.
Letx=t2=d,x=Zd.t
r=21 Q2 - L)t d.t
t(t +t2 *lr[tft' *u
(t2 - t) dt
=21
,I-];),8

Put t+-1 = y2;

t
(r- =2ydy
\ ,' )*
,=nldh= tan-tfi-."
= 4tan-7.1.t; *a *c

Indefinite Integration 195

8(r)
r;L* :i
= /r/x
\JX
e,1) = 12 Ans.
 cot 2r cotSx
10. 1 = J
1"
cot5x
dx - Jltan 2x LanSx LanT x dx
_=;_

Consider t, = elftan7x -tar.lx

coL2,x cot3x
-tan2,x)dx ...(i)
Again Ir = Jl-dx
cotSr
5x = 2s. +3x;
cotA cotB - 1
cot 5r cot(A+B)=-
cotB + cotA
cot5r =
cot2,tc colSx - L
-
"rt}* "rt}.
cotlx cotZx + cotSx cot3r + I = cot2x cot1x
- =J-al
/1
r cot 5x cotZx + cot5r colSx + 1

I, = tkot2x,+ cot3r + tanbx) dx

Now, I=Ir-Iz
I = Jtcot%,+ l{tan7r - tan 5r - tan2a)
cotSr + tan 5r) d.x - dx

= Jtcot?-x dx + + 2lftanlx) ilx - l1anT x) dx

+ Lan2-x)
kot3x) d.x
lntsin3x)
. = r ,cosec 4x)r* * +? lrrt.*" 5xt +llntcosTx)
lntsin3x)
]7 InrcosTrr- c
1
2-"-'-"*--'---
= lr-r("o.". 4x cot 4x,* nlm,sec5x)+
3 5
1 1 2
= 2357
l,-,(turr2r, * Ir,,sin3x) * ln,"*.s*l + ] ln(cos7xt + C

Hence, o+h+c+d-- -1127

+-+ +-
2357
= t05l]9lt1r 9 _ 28e _ m
270 270 n
m+n= 499 Ans.

 
 Definite
Integration
Exercise-1
Only One Correct Answer

1. I*" = J0
ln'' r cos.r .e'in* dx
- * r0Snl2 ,"in' 4*
T---:i--
ffe"i,,,l.l, _ y,,r r,rn, dx
= +
i,, n"r", dx = ...(i)

Again ,r," - e",,' d*

= [o'' +,*# d.*
"/2

= -.re"o" l.o'' *
ff'' n,."" dx -lj"o'"", a- = -i ...(ii)

. IN,l en.2
.. r-t =-=c Ans.
2n

y,t'z Vo,l
2. J-3 n?t dt = 0 as the integrand is an ocld function.
t2 +l
Also l:0 = d' 1
= sinqtan-llijelgt =--L
t, + 2f cosu + 1 sina ln 2sinrx
Thus the given equation reduces to
t' o
2sincr
-2=o

= r  =*9
--1/g"q Ans.
u
3. We harr"
f, @x + q)(x2n*r + a,x + bn) clx = O

Definite Integration 797

Equating the odd component to be zero and integrating we get

2p *',olo *2b,q
tPvnl- =oY p, q
2r*3' 3
Ans.
 Hence, bn =0 and Qn=
2ru +3

,4. I(a\ =
fr15+ c2 sin2 x + Zx.i,rrla, (r; r sinr a* = n)
n3=
/(o) = *no' *2n
3az 2
I n' ,'f
- nl " 1:-la)n
lgo' 2)
-l
f .2
=
^ll l--
\ Jao
al
J2 )
nTlnzn
J6.]
-

/(o)is minimumw hen :- = "-- = o' = n.[? + "= "-lz5 Ans.

^lsa Jz v3

Also l.;n = 2n+ r'11\i J.

1(o)
- ,E
(Be3'+ 2eb -e')-(ek +eb -e'  
5. We hur" ? =
ff' e3* +e% -e' +l
a*

= 1ln(e3' + nb - e' + l) - r]b"'

= (ln(8 + 4 - 2+ 1) - ln2) - (ln2 - 0)
= tr,1f - ln2 =
24 ln
.
n' ="'n t = 11
11
Ans.
= 4

6. Let I = Sr
zot
g,. x2oo .ll_ x)7 dx
UI
f1
|
rl' .)c-1 * 7 [' (1-
,n,l-
20110 -
I= C,l *)u.* 'o' ,r-l
't tt -
207

20tl
  r"."
.-

--l
IO
l
? t (l_x)6.xzol dx
= 207C,.
' 201J0

198 GRB Problents in Calcultts (Hints & Soltttions)

LB.P. again 6 more times
2O7a 7l
l:
' 201.202.203.204 205.206 .207 *'o? a*
fi
(.207)t 7l
=_
7\2o})t ,0].202-207
1

208
 (207)1 7t
1
=__._=
(207)t7 208 208
1

k=208 Ans.
7. Putnx =t
a*=4
It

, =+: :*'" tlsintldt =lfroor"rlsinrlc/r ...(i)

, =
+l;0"^
(2008rr -t)lsintldt ...(ii)
(i) + (ii)
- u =?Y :oo'n ;*inrldr = (2008)2.fi lsinrlar

I =(2008)2;
Hence, here = ZOOS Ans.
L = lim 5r(x7+x2 +r3
"f
8. + ...+xn)

ti.r1[a- +8 +72 +...*+."1

= n-*nln
(4)
lli.n=-l
n n n) \ n)

xr xl

=,li1*9,r.2+B+...+n)

= tim{.tt(n+lt
n ,*nz 2 -r Ans.

,l fte sinr I. [,r_L r"{l r* -. lrc

J,, 1**sl - Jro 1+*8 "* Jro
dx
1;
-
- ls
Jro
dx
I
r -r19
lx-'l
=t_t
't- L -z .],0
=-l[19
7
'-10-']

= 1[ro-, - tg-'] . 10-'

7

10. /= ,"[ COStr +JEsinr)lax,

 fi" cos.r
os.r )
= Jo
1*" l' z
"orf
* - I'lr,
\. g/ - .|l"
,o cosx dr
-
--;;6;-
= ff'' ln(2 ccrsr) o* - fo''
ln(cosr) dr
/'
= .l;,, ln2d.x *
f " k {.o. x) d.x -f hr{.orr) d,
iT- Ans.
= -ln 2
3
t - /* \\
Alternatively :.I =fi" tn[t -. ))0.
+ Js tan[r

=fi" r,[r *.n[ 6 -=*"' ]lr,

t 1.1+J3tanx))

= .l;,, ,rrIr + JE ta.,,i s - JE turr'l4,

I t+J3tanr )

= r"o r.,[---j-]a,
[rr + Ja l,anx\ )
2r =(\.9/\.2tn2
r I3
=llnz Ans.

11. We have f(x) = sek + 9"' - y*

Now, f(0) = -1
'C[+B=1 ...(i)
=
f '(]rtZ) = 30
+ 8ct+2P-Y=30 ...(ii)
and fi"n iFtri +vx)dx = 24

f;n ,** + Be') d.x = 24

r zr ,ln4
= lg-+0"'I
\ z )s
=24

+ 15u+6B={$ .. .(iii)
.'.On solving (i), (ii), (iii), we get cr = 6,9 = -'7, y - 4'
Hence, (ct+B+y) =6 -7 +4=3 Ans.

200 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

12. I = [^ 1r't*1. *t d* = sinx .hul17* - f- .o", .h(il dx

rir
-@ -- J__
--
 =0-cos0=-1
-
(A)
Note that here cosr = f(x).
= Ans.

tB. timf f'(1*r)^dr)'^ tr*'it.'1tl'^

i-s\Jo / = 11-f
i:ol ).+ 1 lr.,]
2i'*r -
= ri*[
.+ol ),+1''1ui (1- form)
)

=e^"sl["",.'i''-'] =e
,,,%1 "^,|;1;' I

,_fzrzilLr_rl-J
=,^-ol r = = Ans.
"2tn2-t "'"(1) = e
14. B +
Ii +*nd.* = ' n.*' d*
B+[-xe''2ll-fi -n-"d*
11
e-, dx
2 1
= ln E=je Ans.
15. JSr -6 - x, +Y,
22 *
= Sx -6-x2 >o Ans.
16. 1= + orb,*Ib+s) dx
'o{o"*u.'
f *b*,
-lac._+---l ol6rlb+611

I b+2 Bb+6 _ln

=dc*o'b
b+2 3(b+2)
Hence, 161 = --J-.[Bac + a3b] ...(i)
3@+D'
o'(o*3' l
\ o2)
n(b-D
If this is independent of b, then -{ = Z. Ans.
Alternatively : If the integral isa'independent of 6, then 1,(b) = 0 lusing (i)l

Definite Intesration 20r

/
 I'(b\= -o" , +Ol9,3 /b+2-2))
(b+2)t 1s I a.z J.J

-ctc r-l a3( 2 ) |

$+2)z
=
e lt|+zl, )
-
1 (2a3 - \ U3
dCl=-=AC
=..............................-._l
3

=
(b+zi2[ 3 )
,=ff Ans.

17. Substituting lnr = /, we get

/
l'"'"lr+
1201() *1 -t ' \
ldt=2009+l-' 4u
,2tr10-ln 2010 -1 ,
(u =t -lnt)
J1 | rri -(lnf)) ) tL v

= 2009 - ln(2010 - In2010) Ans.

r.8. Given U, = : x" .(2 - x)" d.x;

V, = x" .(L x)'' d*

: -
In [,I, put x = 2t + d.x = 2dt
2n 't" 2" (1't)" dt ...(i)
u
' ' :'
=

Now, ,, = r[:'' x"(L- x)" dx (Using Queen) ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

(J'=22n'V' Ans.
19' since0 < sinr < land 1+r > lin(O' nl 2)
Hence, Is > Iz > It Ans.

+ A and E are correct = (D)

20. T- =
----r (n+i\n+2r) n(r* r)[r* 2')
-n \ n,/( n )
s = rim $ h*r)l,r.Z')
,-*7=t\ n/( n)
11 dx 1t 2dx
Jo (1 + x)lL+ ?*tc) Jo (2+ Zx)(l+
=l=l_-
?'tc\

_ rtJo(2+Lr)-(1+Lr)
(2+?tc)(l+?rt)
Ox

=2[r( t -2{l+x)l
-L'o\r*zt ' 'ir,l)

 
 202 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
. ,1

= z +ln(1
ol
+ 2r)l - ln{1+r) llo
alo

= ln3 - ln2 = lni Ans.

2
21. sinrux - sin(n - 2)x = 2cos(n- 1)r sinr
i"l,::=2\ *
I:-srn.rd* = [2cos(n - t\ dx * f sln.f a*
sin 5x sinSx
---'= Jo ---* Jo
[/2 d* f '' 2"os 4x d.x y'rz o*
Jo sin r sinr --'
=o * ro
l*"
ti'& d,
sinr
=f''
Jo2d.r=n Ans.

,r.rlf,G)ld.x -lr f '(x) dxl; I

'@)P* >lf{z)1= 2 Ans.

IL I: lf
23. We have ) Qii =, dll * dZ2 * ...* Arn.
l=1
n

2o,, 211too + 2roo +...+ /r1oo)

Now, trm-^ = lim
n -- ,rlol n)@ n101
,
=2limlflfal'oo=rlo,
u-- n u_r\n
,r00 d,* =- Ans.
) 101
b
As ) (sin-1 r, + cos-1 yi) = 9n
i=l
= (sin-l r, + sin-l xz y, * cos*1 z +...cos-l y6) = 9zq
*... sin-1 r6) + (cos-1

which is possible only when sin-l x, = l and y; = r,Y i = l, \ ...,6.

2 "os-l
xi = 1andy, = -1,V i=L,2...,6
:.
ott

= D*, =6and) ti =-6

i-6 r ln(l * *')
No*, J(i 1 dx = o (Using property of defrnite integral)
qe, + e_, )
odd function
Ans.

 
 Definite Integration 203

25.
*,.
I=lJ0 I x2cos(r)+e' +
Y
2
cos(; L
\'+
+e
dx
e'+l
I

\
I e 1 )
f(-.x) dx Il
f"o
L
J_,,
f( c) dx l; f( x))d:
d)c )
Jn

-dx
,
L 9r.-.q_l1 e
+
x
2
cos (.r) e^ + rl
fi [1 e x + 1 e' + 1 -) lo* 1

"a cos(k,)+ e' +,x.- cos ( x) et + r)

I

= l; -) dx
[, et'+l

t;
l
(r 2 cos (r r )( e'+1)
I
e' + 1 )o.
= JO[o (*2 cos(x) +Ddx
l"
lo *2 cosr dx + J0
= J0 (I) (II)
1,dx ...(A)
(r,B.P.)

= x2 sinr li - 2l' r sinx

Jo 111
dx * ll dx
111r J0
(I.B.P.)

= (a2 sina + a) - 2l-x cosr1ff + J' cosr dx

= a2 sirta + a + 2acosG. - 2sina

Hence, I = 2acos(o) + a + (a2 - 2) sin(o)
Alternatively : Directly use King and add to reach the step-(A). Ans.

26. we have L = j11 + i2)u'

ii1\r}
limlS
tnZ= n+* n1 m,r' +i2)-
4tnn
  =L

;-:*n1inl,,l,.4il
1$ - Atnn
tnL = 1i,,
t l, n't)
2hn r*13 n I rn 4'l _ n,,,
lnz = rim $
lr-6 n 7t n7t n')
\
rnL = y^? -pn)
n+€ n
* $ ,,[, - 4l - 4tnn
n7_,, \ ,')

So,
lnL =f r.rf r + *')d.*= r In(1 + *\13 -
ln,L = 2ln5_ 212_ tan-r 2) = Ztan-t 2-
Il
4+
fir.
2ln5 Ans.

 
 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

27. When x <2.f',)=f _r

.e-t)dt =lr, -'1)-
, 2) t

=(r*-t''l-r-2-tl
2,] \ 2)
[
-)c'
22 ^
+'/,x + -t)
q
lim f(r) = aI
When r > 2,

f(x) = ['rtz-t)dt.I; (t _ 2)dt

=(, -'1)'
r, *(t rr 9 + -t2
\ 2)_, \z - ), 22--- -'2.x
- l" = +2

..-9
Irm =
^- .o+ /'(x)
Hence, f(2) = l? =Limf(o =z Ans.

28. As, f(D = 1+ln(r *.[*'11l + 5x3 - 4x4

Clearly, trrt.f,' * f + x), bx3 are odd functions, so
r = frtr - 4xa)e-rn d. = rfi$- 4xn)"-,n d*

= 2l
ro
(x .e-*o dx )
dx
, r1

=
2l+1
\e*',/o = r(\e- o)) = ?e Ans.

" "i
Letg(r)+C=l ^i'"*
1,*4 + 4x3 +3x2

' (4x" + Sxz + 2-x + l)t=d*

(s
l++l 4 B\
(""2
= ltt _ _,,3 *a)
odJ
3+ ""*'.1
2 1\'
l4*"
\ r x' x")
Put (+*1*4*41
\ "r x' x")
=,

= -f+ *4*1)a*=a,
\x' x" x" )
 

Definite Integration 205

So, stxt
-
+C = -[]
t tt
dt =]t +C

x3
+C
ni' *3x2 *zt +7

Hence' rr (3ra + 4xs +Bx2)dx= Ans.

n*qu *rs
lo **, 19

Bo. r = lr- 49 e' dx - ll f u,e-* dx

III
= -f(x)e-'16 +
[i f 't*le-r d.x - ; f ',-\e-'dx
f
r(x) "l

-f(xte-.1; = - | Hm "i' - 1t*t1

[x..- nt I
But lir, /(') = 1i* /(r) . tr = (1)(o) = o
x-+* €x x-:,* X e*

Hence, I=f(0)=2 Ans.

31. Let Ap = (2t, tz )

srope of FAk =
#= *"[; * e-]
tanop =#=tan(20) (SaY)

= O=? = *;,eretang=1
,lhn\
Also.tAr = rftt' - 1)2 + (2t)2 = t2 +l =1+ tan2 $ = sec" |
-- 1 |

\+n

*-li 4
Ans"
a)n 7T

32. Let , = Io *lsin2nxld.x ...(i)

1= G- x)lsin2nxldx (tlsing King Property) ...(ii)

l.
On adding (i) and (ii), we get

2I = ff nlsin2nxld,x
Now put Lnx = /, we get
2r = 12'" alsinrldr
Jo 2n'
 

206 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutionsi)

2I = I: nlsintld.t (UsingJack)

2I=2n
I=rc
Hence,
l'*t =^ Ans.
BB. Given, Jf'" f^'tt)(h = G3i2 -8)
Differentiating both sides with respect to r, we get

l trftxttf'txt=S2
+ xf't*l=$
= f''(x) =\x-uz
2
Now, integrate both sides with respect to r, we get
f(x) = Ji +C
Given/(1)=0+C=-1.
Hence, f(x) = Ji -t
/(9) = 3-1= 2 Ans.
Let. I=f
---_--t:a*
n 1+sin.r+J1+sin2r
King and add
., r-
nr tn *' 12 + 2J1 + sin2 x)
dx
' n(l + /1+ sin2x)2 - sin2r
So, |u x'tt*',,tnair'rt
t. - tx :dx
" 2i+Jt+sin2r)
=11*
J n "2fly=n a
Ans.

35. I=f'Jtlz tanTx

_x+1
O* ...(i)
xz
Put x-- 1
t
tan -,1
I=1" tdt ...(ii)
Juz7z _711

Now, (i) + (ii) gives

 

Definite Integration 207

2I= Y dx

't"(*-tl'nl6)'
\ z) \2)
r=t(l\tar-lf*='ll'
4\J3i \ Je ))r,
-t-(t- o) = li = A Ans.
zJs \B t 6Jg
=
1

fr O' + n" )l::"*, dt ttro)

36. Z=lim
r+0 [o]
1

= lim(e" 1a21i-'o"
r+0
-hm . e'
__.+x'-7
r+0O-Josr).r2
=e '2
(2\
z ri- | 9' ,-1+r
, ,o[ ,2
I

) Ans.
=e
o
=e
n
In rln \U
37. LetP= timlfI[r.1]
,.-[^_i\ r) I
)

rnp = ri*
n+*rlLtn
1i rrr[r\ * I)r)
= [' , urft * ])a, = Joi' (., ln(r + 1) - x lnx )dx
Jo \ ri
lnP= JO-
[]x.lnrx+1rdr fi JO
, lnxdx
Put (r+1)= I

l' tII .lntI dt

= JI - Jll' tI lnt dt [r r'lnr dx
- JO I II
--iBlF - -;5:
II
-l3-P -
/ .)t
= I h4 - " l- etn2- 1) -l o-
j
1\ (

\:- 4) \ 4)
I

(, 3\ 1 1 1 1
=lI--l*-=-+-=- 4 4
\ 4) 4 2
f=e 112 Ans.
38. Rationalising the integral f, --- -:-,
So, dx We get
1+r3 +Jl+rG
 J], '**';fF
zx^-3
o. = JI t,L*E*
q^.3 :,+0.
_2_
J_r,--
1_
= Ilo* -1 Ans.

Odd even

208 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Aliter: r=l:, ...(i)

1+r3 + Jt..
dx
1=Il, (UsingKing) ...(ii)
1-rB + Jll_.'
adding (i) and (ii)

,=1, 2(1-fi+r6) dx
tr*Jr*u )2 -xG
;1
| ---- :: ztr*Jt*rut
= t-'\2*zJt+xGl
-
dx

So, 2I= :rd.x=2=I=7 Ans.

39. Given, , = + n)3 + cos2 (x +3n))d.x

Put, ::r((r
x+fi=t - dx =dt,so
, = f'7rur
  -n/2
+ cos2 t\dt =
f_7,
J-t tg
odd function
* f.:, cos2
\----w-
t d,t
even function

- ,fr' cos2 t dt = r(;)=;

T
,n I
i

f^"
ar, i0 coszt dt = f'' (1 + cos za at = (t
sin2r)'-i n I

I
I
2ro 2\ 2 4l )ro
L l
Hence, 1ol=19*1=s Ans.
ft1t2
l' t.i.rt.^' + rt)dt
 frxl = JOI
tt
(IBP)

1
f(x) =ar cos(x * nrllt * rrof].o.{, + ,tt)dt
lo
/ 1ro",
l;'--' -ol-
-) n2
+ sintx + ntl-l
-ro

^12
llx)=-cosx-lsln.r
1l n-
74
+ r.
"Jn'+4
Ans.
 11 24
\i Ir 7r 1l
2

4r. I=f^
Jo
dx
...(i)
2+ sin2r
Using King, we get

Definite Integration 249

dx
I=th
Jo ...(ii)
2 - sin2-x

(i) + (ii) 2I=l?(

o ,,.),-
= \4-sin'2x,
dx-
1=8[t/2
Jo 4-sinz?-r
(Using Queen twice)

Put =t
?-x
-dt
dx=-
2

r=9r dt .
ZJo 4-sir,zt
Using Queen, we get
o. dt
I -rufo'
=8f''
Jo
--19
= 16J;"-
,t
4-sinzt -*.
  - Zsin' t
16J;"
- dt
8 - (1- cos2t) 7+ 2cos2t
Hence, h=tG Ans.
-1
42. I =lu'," - 1)Jln(1 k - l)x)dx
:1

e*- dx
+ +
l'
Put l+(e -l)x =t
t-7_
li 'Mt at n f,
n" a* = ff f{oa* +
l)o slfld.t,where / is the inverse of g

I=ex1-1x0=e Ans.

43. Iim Jo ln(1 tana 'tanr) dr

+
s+0 o3

Nr : I =Jo frrff + tama. Lanx) dx

King and add

% =ln(l+tanz O [ a* = oln(1 +tan2 a)

l=9m(t+Lar,za)
2
o
lrr(1+ tan2 o)
 1
Hence, lim
-0 2
a
3
t Ans.
x- <x"'- <rV xe(0,
, n/,
1)

1 11
1+t l+x=/2 1+x2

270 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

(1n(1+ x))10 < < (tan-1 r)16

= : *^rr

= 1ogo2a7 a Ans.

-"'
4d. lim f(r) = tim 1a Jo " 2tdt = 1;- lo1'
-o 31 2
'""' l] sin(t =1
;:A' ,Io, ' 3

So, o =1" Ans.

r)

uu. (cos10 r ' sin(1k + x)) d.x expand and use by parts. Ans.
ff''
/ -\
  irrelo.al
cosrr.
[.4/
1 .^
rI .r€-
Tt
47. f(Y) :
=
iz4
- (n n\
sln.r. rtr€l-,-l
\4 2)
,= cosxd.x n
ff' (' rin*d. =
i-[r- #) * = Ans.

+6tanx + 11 rx
4g. I- JrtG
f/:3tan2x
1+ tan2 x
I = f/j fa ti n2 * +6 sinr costr + llcosz x) d.x ...(i)

Applyrng King Property

, = f;(3cos2 r + 6 costr sinr + l1sin2 x) dx ...(ii)

(i) + (ii)
,,= (;t14+ 12sinr cosr)dr = rnl; -;)-i.(--?"):;,
2r =t4(tl-sl:1-1)
\6i \2 2r
7r ^ 7n+9 d:-
no
JO

, _7r+9
6
 k=7,)"=9
=) (/a+)J=16 Ans.
49. f'k)+f'Q-r)=0
f(x) - f(2- x) = )'
Putr=1,weget7"=0.

it e I nt e g r at rt 271,
D e lin i,o

f(x) = l'Q* x)
= Because f is quadratic function therefore f(r) is symmetrical about line r = 1.
f'G) = 4

y=fG)=Q*r)2+4
rij dx rx-1-13 l-t
J,,*-rPn+=L-La,^' z ),
=l1turr-'1-tan'ol
28 =1 Ans.

50. 1(a. b) = f" e-' sinx , x = -n^

Fh
-(
Isinx + cosxll
')a2
= l1n-'1.inb + cosb) - e-"(sino + coso)l
2
liml(re, b) = 0
b>-
'--0,
(2
(sino + coso) = 0
= 2
tana' = *1
= 3n
Hence, ,=
n=un
+ 7, =1
4
Ans.

51. /(0) = -1
(i)
P+q=-l ...

f '(ln2) = 2pe2tn2 +2etn2 +

=8P+2q+r=37 ...(ii)

f'n tltrl -rxtd,x =f'o tp"* +qe'l dx

4
15^39
=l ,(11 * o,' l'" 11)1p +3o=: ...lIII)
l'-i,zJ"-,ln 2' 2

From Eq. (i) and (iii),

p=5,e=-6alsor=3
P+Q+r=2 Ans.
 52. Rs, fis - (cosr) /i1
]
""", cosr (sec2 r + cotr'cosec r) |

f(x) =t.o.', coseczr

"or2, cos2r-sectr-cot2x
I o
I
o

212 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

sectr cosr secz x + cot2 x.cosec r

cos2 r cosec2r
"oa2,
0 0 -(cotz * "or2 x) - secx
f(x) =-(cot2 r "o"2r + secr) (cosec r - cos3 r)
= - cos.,r sec' , (cotz x + secr)
"o.2,
= -(cos5 r + sin2 *) = f_(cos5 r + sin2 r)c/r

=0 - 2 0" sin2 r ax = -+
loL
sin2 r dx = -n Ans.
o.l.
I ltsinxt
54. I=["
^ e^tan-ltsinx inl2 ,tan
Jrl2 --dx+f J0
ntan-l{sinx) +ntan-itcosrr "tan-l{sinx) *rtan-lrcosrt
I=Ir+Iz
Using King and add
L = --lrrd 1., = I
'4'4
I=r Ans.
55. Consider (Vn+t -Vn) - (V, -V,-) = 0 -dx
:+ 2Vn =Vnn, +Vn-,
+ V1,V2,Vy, ... are in A.P.
sin2^?sc

Now, v.,' = 2';v,' = J0

t'2 sin2xo* = J0f'' +cos2x dx = n
d=
. "-;=;
Sroo = * z+ 3 +... + lool
itt
_ (5050)n _(k)n
22
- k=5050 Ans.
.
 86. S = 4l
- f''
LJo
e"o"4* dx+' l'l* '
Jnls "-"o*n-
a*f
*-
)'
Put
+
4x =t
s = 4[l Ytz ncost dt + f e"o"l d/l
L+lo 4Jrt2. -]

=+ t = ,fi'' e'o"t clt = ,fr'' e"int cJt (using King property)

Also, zff'' ut . rfr'' ecostdt . zft' ,'dt

= n<S<2(e"t2- ) Ans.

Definite Integration 273

sr. Given, "_)]' f{ilo, =rn

+ = 19
firrad* "n" f(x)d.x
tff tutax + li fk)dx = re
li rtrt ctx = te -7 x2= 1e - t4 = 5 Ans.

r
sin'l
dx
58.
ff'' (cos4 r +3cos2 x + 1)tan'(."", + cosx)

Put secr + cosx = /

(st'c.r tan.r - sinr) dx = dt
- sin? .r
sinr -"'^';,- d.t = dt
cos- .r
sin'l rdr = cos2 x dt
dt
-r- Jz
l-
1"or2 r + sec2 r + 3) tan-l /
f
= J'
dt :out tan-l f = z
(t' + 1) tan-r ,'^
t = lnzlit^l-r, = ln|- ln(tan-1 2) Ans.

,. nri'"
riilr
fix^ax 0+1 Ans.
n'* -n"
lro l' xt\ax
9. = a+1
-
r=7

60. 1r
ln(l+r)
Jo r Jor[(*_*'2 *r'_
a*=lr t*...\o*
3 4 )

l' Ir -L
= ,ol' *t- r' *...*'la,
2 3 4 )
 ( *',*3 *u,
lr-
22'82 "" ^^l'=r-1*1-1*...
+---1...o1 '
22'Zz
t +2 )o 42

=lr* 1
*a* 1-*...-l- z( *1*
"' ) -\Zz -...-l
1=
[^' z, B2 t2 42 62

_n' _2 )_ n' =n' =Jn'

62261236
lz=36 Ans.
61. art,t =r[o,,--Y;)

274 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

&n+l=3an-hn-,
az =3
a3=7
a+ =15
:

an =2n -l
100 100

l<2" - l) = (2+ 22 +...+ 2100) - 100

fn=lo" = n=7
= 2(2roo - 1) - 1oo = 2ro1 - lo2 Ans.
ln
l>
.'jfs;'ll$a-l
_.
62. hm-
1 \ r=1
"')l, ,"')\?=,"n )

n+* fL lni\
. ,2
I

Iir
lL
\,=1I? s )
I

111
.fi n a* t*+"s-36-3
 ' *'d* .[f,*'a*
Ans.
1r, 1 60 5
66
e' (Using Leibnitz's rule)
f(x) = (?-x, - r)
-1) -2
'lz) Ans.
^1
t_t:_
So,
J;
64.

85. \=f et{'-t)d,t

t (x -t) = -l(t- il' -T)=
-.ttz -'*t = -[.'-z] u.' ( x \2
- {)= 4-l'- z)
*' (. *\' ,2 t2t-x)2
/r=1, dt=eif e- i dt;
"n-\'-')
 2t _tc = y
,. -
dt
dy
= ---:-
9

r n-i
-n'2/4 J,, ou

*22 12 ,2
Ir=ea ll , odt=ea
JO
.Iz

I.'-L=ea'2 Ans.
+
I2

1 = JOl' In(1 + tanatanx)dx ...(i)

Definite Integration 275

r = lo tt"tt + tanatan(a - x))) dx (Apply King Property)

')ar
= J,
I
rn[r +
1+ tann tanr / ,,
(tano(tano - tanr) ) 'ld, = Jo ,r1 r + tanz a
[1+tanotanx)
...(ii)

2I = JOl' ln(sec2 a)d.x = o'lnsecz o

f = ah(seca)
d ,rIr.".o) ln(seco) * oIt"to']r.ro
------ -- =
da'- \ seca i

= atarta + lnseco Ans.

67.

(['"'. ,')) , ^ "l/n

68. P = Iim = rmIn
--\.='r ['-'4i1
n)@ n \ n- l)

lnp =
lT;[ *['.7)= f mtr +x.)d'x

= r.tn(1+r'tll-t]
  ru -1 ",
1+f,"
Bxz x x d.x = tn2- s[ a,
{"/
=t..2-Bt' --l- ,0 -]
J0 1+x,d.x =ln2-s+3[ 1+r'^ a* Ans.
69. ForO < r <,
,
= *r*"L
 o
x'
2--
e-'<e'' <e 2

t2 *2
e-r cos2*ar-" cor2*<e 2 "os2xa"-T
,2 ,2
Hence, : ,-' cos2x d.x . | ,-" cos2, O- . fi e- 2' cos} x d.x ' dr Ans.
70. t = f, <f r*l . *2 - * (f(x))2) d.x ' t,-
1=
I; - xGxf(x) +(f(x))z)dx
,lt"r *')
= -f -, --ldx
;r@+t 4)
,

216 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

, = fi - *(rot -Z)')o-,which is maximum when (x) = L

[+
i.e., I=tJ04{:d*=1- Ans.
16

71. L= lim 1
$ [rtl' *krlr. t)l
''*n?=r\\nl 1
"))
= fi ,, 2 +ln2(1+ r)) o* =l+ zrr2 ?

(* u
,r , - n,')
U
l)
In '

Ans.
^
f(xt =
l(
"
fr -
s,o dt - .ffx t - gut dt + [..tr tz. - sut dt)\
;l-' I. %c

Differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get

f 'k) = *.ff e(t)dt - l, t s(t)dt
. ...(i)
Again differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get
 f "@) = f; stDat ...(ii)
f"{11=2
Also, f"'(x)=gG)
= f"'(l)=g(1)=5 Ans.
Here,f '(x) = sin2r +1

3n
4
g:f I

Definite Integration 217

t
so, "\4) 'lq)
*'fqrl= -l
,,("\. = 2
2/
2/

74.
[:, f@) d.x* Jo nrt d. * : f -'(*) o* = fo f@) dx
(xa sxz )'
=l-+-+4:xl
14 )o
13 ' 23
=-+-+4--
42 4
Ans.

75. ,f(t) l''tun-rltl*tt'' -*,0,

= rzt ...(i)

Applying King|property
1+r
I

fo = fr' rr, 'l##;lr, ...(ii)

(i) + (ii)
*
l'
  = J2r2
Zf(t) I.d*-r2
= I.(i2 -2t)
z

fftt = (t -u2 -l
fG) l*- = Ans.

76. I=;-r-s-inrr, -I
 JU xo
x--+BtI= J- ?ffeat
+4sin3t
1= J0
1'-3/-Ssint O,
gtr
/ = 1 r'- ".i"1 dt + gJ0
i- sin-3 r
,,
BJO f3 t3
t=t* t
2- 39
4A
-l 9=
-
::t I =?A
3

=: a+b=S Ans.
??. I:(7 - x7
-ll4
i a* -fi,, - xa t1t7 dx
y = f(x) = 1l_ x7 )t/a
:+ y4 =(l-x,7)

278 GRB Probtems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

= x=(l_yn)rj,
Hence functions are inverse of each other.
r = fi fota* - fi s{ttay = Jo /r,l d. - l: xf '(x)d.x
Hence, t = l)tfol + xf '(x))d,x = xf(l)l|= /(1) = 0 Ans.

Given F(y) =
li fft>a, with f(2) = 2
nina
I f(t)dt
F(y) = fAla,
[,''
F'(y) = f(x1t)x
F'( "y)
=) = 71x1,)
x
f(2)=2 = F'Q) =
v
F(y) = 4log y
r'1\
Hence, f'l1l= - losx
\x)
 :+ l* ftildt 4lnx Ans.
J7' =
Aliter : Given f-t ftn dt is independent of r.
Hence, its derivative w.r.t. r is zero.
Yf(xY)-f(x)=O
f@v) = [9)
v
Put x =2
y=?
x
Hence,
fk)= xc

Ji trclt dt = Ii d, = 4r.,* Ans.

79. LJ0
= l* ntr' tt o,

t(x _t) = _tt2 _,,r = _[(, _;)' _+1=*_(,_;)'

,, [, *12 *2 \2t_xt2
1,=lon+-l'-zl dt=e+[*e- + dt

Definite Integration 279

2t-x=y
,, dy
At=-
2
lI
_l
- 2

ox"la 4 dy
I

ql
2l
t-
2

\="ifr;- dt
xl x

=e a .Iz

r''
2

'J -ea Ans.

I2
80. l,et ,, = ,so du = 4 a*.
**'
so I: rya* =1,"r?l+)o*=fr,#0,
Therefore. f fk) o*= ['7 /(1] d'*+["- ftu\ ou=3+3=6 Ans.
^ ""' "^"- -t Jl Jt JJc
x x u
 rr. j;-' r.tn[(r - k)G+t- x)1dx
(2h + L)
- [u*' l.r(, - h) (k + | - x\ dx
2rh
=q*filn/(1- t)d.t = -ek+Lt

Limit =
l,*# ien+t)h2

(n+l)(2n+1 -1 Ans.
^4
n I

82. I= t-f . (1+ cos.r + cos2r +...+ cos(2013r))

(1 + sinr + sin 2r + ... + sin(2013x)) dx
Using King and add
f" 2(1+ cosr + cos2r +...+ cos(2013r))dr
2I = J_r

I = Jrl" f (cosx + cos2r+...+ cos(201&t-))dr

ld,x + J-a

= 21" ldx + 2 [^ (cosr + cosZx, + ... + cos(2013x)) dx = 2r

JO JO

I = 2n Ans.

220 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

83. cot' l( 1 -r + *21 = tur-' l-x+x' "

-L
-1 x -k - 1).- = tur-'r -tan-l(r -1)
tan'1*rar-1;z
rrx
Also. I tun - 1)r* = -.|. tan-l x dx
Therefore, f cot r(1-x + xztdx = rturr-'tr - tan r(x - l)tdx
f
r1
= 2Jo tan-'x d'r
f' .nt'l(1-r *x'2)dx
Hence, lo- ---
tun-' ---
* d*
= 2 Ans.
 '
84. rln drrdr +J' (1-r)s(r) dt = x4 + *2
Differentiate w.r.t. r
x g(x) + d,t + (l - x) g(x) = 4x3 + 2x
lo s{t)
 Again differentiate w.r.t. r
g'@)+g(x)=t?^xz +2
Now, fi a* =foJ\
t#.,o = tan-1 ,ll"4= I Ans.

85. Let A(<r, 0), B(8, 0) and (0, b) centrotd = [A=, :-l
3.1 L3
=) a+p= b

= -a=b
Now, f@) = x2 'bx + b
Since, y = f(x) has distinct roots.

= be (-*,0) u(4, -)
Now, r= lot tr2 -bx +b)d.x =72-l2b
But value of b cannot lie in [0, 4].
So, value of l cannot lie in 124,721. Ans'

Definite Integration 221

Linked Comprehension Type

Paragraph for Question Nos. I to 3

f(x) = .f(Ddt
". ]o
 _J
"'
A sav

f(x) = Ae' ...(i)

f(t) = Aet
where, A = I; et ' ft)dt
A = j; et .Ae'dt;
A=e ' dt
"''
Now, AllJo't ,"'
^'ar\-rl=o
f r
 ) )

= A=oas '"''dt+t
Hence, f(x) = 0=/(1) =0 Ans.
et ctt +
Again B(r) = e' fi S@ x
g(r)=Be'+x ...(ii )

g(t) = Bet +t
=
where B = j; ets(t)d't;

B = e, (Be, + t) d.t;
fi
, = rl; e2'dt + fi e' .t at
But
fi ,'' at ='rr"'- 1) and
' rc' dt =1

B = B-,rn'-
2
1) + 1

28=B(e2-l)+2
38=Bez+2
,'
B-
3-e2
.'.From (ii)
(2 \..
g(x)= |\3- e"_ )le^ +x;
9(0) = Ans.
it-e

(Hints
222 GRB Problems in Calculus & Solutions)

3L 6 .. g(0) n'
s(2t =
B-ez
= +2
3- e2' g(2) - -2-.'-
3-e2 6 =3
Ans.

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 4 to 6

Sum of all four roots = 6
Sum of two roots = 0
=+ Sum of other two roots = 6
The factors corresponding to their roots are ofthe type
xz -ox +p and *2 _ 6* + q,
i.e., x2 + p and,x2 -6x + q
Thuswe have4xa.-24x3 +31x2 +6r - 8= 4(x2 + p)(x2 -6x +q)
Equating like powers of r, we get
 g1={(p+q) - p+q=37
4

6=a?6p) = p=-1
a=8
Equation f (x) = 0 can be written as
/ -r\
lx'-'l(r'-6r+8)=o
\ 4)
r.=X-1
2
x=24
So, o=-1,8=1,^{=2,8=4
2" 2'
Hence, ap+a+6y+y6=2+2+16+16=36 Ans.
6"
.,u.lt,d -7*1 -q
r 4

i[{rl,t*
Jl*-y,l
Letr-2=t,weget
l(r-4)
= J\x-2)
ifL-al a,
"',1*= r\x-21
-8t3 +24t2 -32t +\6
l9-?t
J ta at gt4
-J o,
ta
llr-
= r[
8
+24 -32 *19)a,
t t2 rr t4)
=r-8lnlrl -2t **-19."
t' 3f"
16 16
=r-Slnl*-21-f+* Ans.
' x
"- 3tr - 2)3"*C
-2 w -2)2

Definite Integralion 223

,6+1 - 1xv*r +Wlxl+  a*

r: x2+4glrl+1
(Putting tr, p, y and 6)

_ ,.r "'5 - 5x3 + lrlj_la" ('.' ,5 - 3

are odd functions)
J-] x2 + 2lxl+ 1 51

rl lxl+ I ^pl dx
=l,-t rr-clr=21 J.r lxl+
I lrl* 1,, 1t

= 2l: = 2tnl(1+x)lf = 2ln2 Ans.

Jo 1+x
Paragraph for Question Nos. 7 to9
 (e**' - e' ) In2(1 + i)
We have f(x) =],]i;"1; dt
2t3 +3
(e' - l)lnz (l + t)
n' o,
l" (2tr +3)
/(r) = lim 4
ct

(e" - L) ln2 (L + o)
= lim e'
u+0 (2c^3 + 3) 4cr3

(e" - 1) ln2(1+ ct) e'

= e" llm Ans.
cr-+o 6x o2 4(2u3 +3) L2
ln2 2
Clearlv. ftln2) =u"'" =
L2126=7
Ans.

We have
l. s,, I dt = 3x * Jo .o.' t g\t ) dt

Now, on differentiating both the sides with respect to x, we get

8(r)=3-coszxg(x)

sr(x)

9. -a:-
= 3+cos"r
Clearly,
2 1+ cos'x
--<B
Hence, 1e' ,l
[:,
range of g(r) = Ans.
I

rrl2 - n/2 3
Letl=Jo Ek)dx = )u
1+cos\dtr
ft2 Bsec2 x d.* = Jo
= Jo f,, q gg? dx
sec2r+1 Lanzx+2

Put tanx = t

224 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

= sec2, dx = dt

so, I = l:
to :ti *2-= +[tu'-'l-
,,t \""" ,li)n
I

^\ 3ln 3n
An*
l:rl;-o )=
=
#,
Paragraph for Question Nos. 10 to 12
We have g(x1 = f +
lo Str)a, ...(i)
Now, on differentiating both the sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get
 8'(r) = g1'; "'(ii)
But 8(r) = 0 (Not possible as g(0) = 1)

so, lgg
  g(r)
6* = Jltdx

= ln(g(r))=x+A
A=0 (Asg(Q)=1;
Hence, gk) = e'
Hence, g(1n1"0) + g'(1n10) + g"(1n10) = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 Ans.
We have g(r) + g(Zx) +...*
e'
=e* +ek +e3'...&=
1- e*
Ifr<0thene'' <1
,/ s \ , -x-r-.
l"Jl: ,oil)dx = t-:-'-
c'rrr.l = r"[r .:. :,) 4,".
Asg(-x) = g(r)givese' = e'
=u eb =1
.'. r=0
Hence, number of solution of given equation is one. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 13 to 15
Let degree of P(x) = n.
= Degree of P'(r) = n - I
So,L.H.S. has a degree,
) _, = Z
and R.H.S. has a degree 2,1
Let P})=axz +bx+c
Now, ax2 +bx+c-l2ax+b)=*2 +2a+1
+ ct=1;b=4andc=5
 

Definite Integration 225

Hence, P(x)=x2 +4x+5

T1
I Ilgl'1""''sini4r-4t), x *|
Given, F(r)=l\ 10 /
| 1_
lu2 eh--9k+40, x=l
I
As limF(r) = eL (l* form),
r -+1

t (x2+4x. -1.'}
i-
where ;Ti sin(3sin(4r - 4)) )
 "L=lim--
- [ 10
Ilfll--
| (x+$(r-l) = 6 = 1
=
'iitz(x -t) 10 120 -20
--

Hence, continuity at x=1

limp(r) = F(1)
= r ->1
1 1.
So, nid = okz-sh*ao
Hence, h2 -gh+ 4o = 2o
h2 -gk+ 2o = o
;:1 .. y'r, $ Ans.
1 d* = f'
i'o p(r)*-' Jo -L-4*
(, * Z)2 +l
= tan-l(r + 2)116

= tan-1 s - tan-l 2 = tan-L i = "n -' I

Now, use tan-l 1+ tan-l 2 + tan-l i '- rg to got other options' Ans.

Graph of P(r) = *2 + 4x + 5 - (r + 2)' +L

Now, verify alternatives. Ans.

226 GBB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Paragraph for gfuestion Nos. t6 to 18

i-q
|l:fi- ; ' --(r(o
1.,
fk)=]jcosrr , 0<r<1
tfi
l,)
I -
IT
, 1<r<€
 ' -? crts iI\
Y:-.- "

f
-o o-l
As, range of ftx\ =
I ; , :"
Lr'fl |
"o there is only one integer in the range of fk\, i.e.,0.
Clearly, f(r) is continuous V I e ,8.
Alstr, f '$-) = f '(O*) = 0and f '(t- l = f 'fi+) =O
= ftx) is differentiable V x e R
Note that f(x)is non-monotonic on -8.
Also,
f?,^' f,*,a* =Ei
:,dx(4n2,[3 ]=
t Ans.

As, lr(r) = -2 cos rct

f(x) = 2
1t

re[0, 1l
,i; i=
o and Hr) = h 1tx)

h'tot= I L r
Ans.
-] , t-n"in *r I
'i\) fln- 2 2
'21 -=1 ),-, n

Given, Iim.,- -"-'-"'* - 2x'i I I

I = s_,u \0/
[^trat

Definite Integration 227

/\
Ll
= ri*l r''sinx I=
gri.,,I tin*l
=g
r*ol i r-0\ x
(.s )
)

62-:
 Given, g(r) = 7 +'2-xln25* 5r-1 -

=7 +4xtnS-I1- 4
55*
g'(x) =0 + 4ln5 - itttS
EJ

5
+ 25' 5-''lnl
=Fj126-5"+ 125'5-'l
5
.'.For maximum or minirnum of g(r), we must have g'(r) =0
(5' -25) (5' + 5) = 0
\--__\_J

(AIwaYs
positive)

5'=25 = x=2
Also, g"(x = 2) <0
g(r) is maximum atx = 2 = cr (Given)
=
So,
i 11*1.]'
,}t*.i)'= f'o\2 3) n ,-r2
it ) -
=r+-b+[91
6 (6l
?r,\6)
= 1 =. =6
r- I 1

66
Paragraph for (fuestion Nos. 19 and 2O
f(-x)=f(x)VxeR
and f(2'x\=fQ+r)VreR
Graph of the function '/'is symmetric about the y-axis and r = 2line.

GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solution,s)

Clearly, f(x) is periodic with period 4.

Number of points of discontinuity of f(r) is [0, 100] is 50.
1100 A
fk)dx = 25); fktdx
 J,
= 25(L_ 4) = _75 Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 2L and,22
Let degree of f(x)be n.
,3 =n
Hence, n=I
/(r) must be linear.
Let f(x) = ?ac +b
= fffkD=ZtZx+b)+b=4x+3b
f(f{f(x))) +(1 - P) f(x) =3 v r e E
2Qx +3b) + 6 + (l- p)Qx + b) = 3
{lD-2P)x+(8b-bP)=3
lO-2P=Q
=) p=S,8b-bp=g
+ h=l
fhc) = ?*r +l
n
*(flfkt)t
dx
= f '(f(xl) f '(u\

lty,1t*r,rl*=n
chc,
= I Ans.

f(x)=urc+4
fff(x)) = &(ax + 4) + 4 = o2* + 4a + 4
f"{fff(ilD = a(azx + 4a + 4) + 4
=o3*+4a2+4a+4
Now, aix+4a2 +4a+4+(1- p\(ax+4) =3V xeR
a3 +(1 - p)a=O

= a2=p_ l (a*0)
4a2 +4a+4+4(t-p)=3
A=- -1
4

f(x)= *++=Y
4
+ }=n-r

Definite Integration 229

 x =16_ 4y = f-t(y)
=
f, tro - 4x)d.x = 16 x zfi ax =n Ans.

Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 29 and 24

Letdegree off(x)ben.
2
degree of (f(x))z 2n
Degree of f(f(xD = r and n2 =2n
=
=
n,=2
Hence, flr) is a quadratic polynomial.
f(x) = x2 + ax +b
Now, fff@)) = f2(x) - 4 v x e .R (Given)
f(x)ff@)+a)+b=-4V x
a(x2+ax+b)+b+4=0Vr
a=0 and b= -4
'
- q2 - 4)d(x2) -4
ln (*'
f(x)=x2
J0-
x2 =t
ln ttt -
J03 4\2 - 4')dt =l-9
1,, fkt d.x
Jz lrr,16-L2)
Also, l= t-,[z
lim
t - J2
r= rim
2t'f(tz) rim'==-zJ,
=2J2 t4z
t-,12y115-141 4-s+
12 =8 Ans.

Aliter: Given /= lim

  ,' ;{ln-'.to.
t-{2 sin(r - rE)
Using Leibnitz rule
I  = lim f(t)z '2t 1
-
iffz ln(5 - ta ) cos1 - J2)
Iim
2t'f G2) ...(i)
I = r-r.r?
1ni5 1a;
- -+ ft2)
Now as t - JZ;Denominator -+0 and Numerator
For limit to exist
f(2) = 0

 
 230 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)

Also, f(f@)) = fz(il - 4Y x

Put x =2
f(O\ = - 4.
Also degree of f(x) is 2.
Let f(x) = *2 + ax + b(monic polynomial)
Using = -4 and f(2) =0 we get
^0) f(e)=*2-4

Put x2 =t
,u - +t2 - +)at =ff
f
t'' f(x) dx
J2
ln(s-rz)
Also, l= lim
+n'2
t t --.1,
/= rim ztJL' =2.^f2rimtn - =-2,[i
t+J2ln(\-t4 ) ta2l,-fa
12 =8 Ans.
Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. 26 to 27
(2.4)
[ * *s. -2< x <o
8(r)=1'o**
o<x<2
l2
<
f(x) = frWO -tldt, -2< x 2
(-2,0)

-2<x<0
O<x<2

rtx1=
ltrf,'+6ldt' -2<x<O
rtt, 0<x32
lit', ,, +61
ll. 'u +tldt.
_llol*'*ilr+s.
4
-z<x<o
I e'
a<x<2
l;.3r+5'