Republic of the Philippines

DR. EMILO B. ESPINOSA SR. MEMORIAL STATE

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
Poblacion, Cawayan, Masbate

MODULE 5
in
THE LIFE
AND WORKS
OF RIZAL
(GE 9)
ROGER Y. IBAÑEZ, JR., MSA
Subject Instructor
09071356730
[email protected]
 MODULE 5: RIZAL’S LIFE: Life: EXILE, TRIAL, DEATH

Learning Outcomes:
• Analyze the factors that led to Rizal execution
• Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine
Revolution

CHAPTER 22: EXILE IN DAPITAN, 1892-1896

Exile in Dapitan, under the missionary jurisdiction, for 4 years

• Practiced medicine
• Pursued scientific studies
• Continued his artistic and literary works
• Widened his knowledge of language
• Established a school for boys
• Promoted community development projects
• Invented a wooden machine for making bricks o Engaged in farming and commerce

Beginning of Exile in Dapitan

Rizal could only live at the Parish Convent in the ff conditions:

• “That Rizal publically retracts his errors concerning religion and make statements that
were clearly pro-Spanish against revolution.
• “That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
• “That henceforth he conducts himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish Subject and
a man of religion”. Father Pablo Pastells Father Antonio Obach

Wins in Manila Lottery

• Lottery Ticket No. 9763

• Captain Carnicero Jose Rizal Francisco Equilor - Php 20,000
• Php 4,000 – for his investment
• Php 2,000 – to his father
• Php 200 – his friend in Basa, Hongkong Php 6,200

Rizal – Pastells Debate on Religion

• The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda along with an advice that
Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the
perspective of individual judgement and self-esteem
The debate can be read in four (4) letters.
• Rizal was bitter against the friars because they commit abuses under the cloak of religion.
• Father Pastells tried to bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that human
intelligence is limited, thus he needs the guidance of God Father Pablo Pastells Jose Rizal
 • Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were friends as evidently pictured when:
1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion de Cristo by Fr. Thomas a Kempis
2. Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul which he had made Rizal continued to hear mass
and celebrate religious events

Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a Duel

- purchased many logs (some of the logs were of poor quality)

- Rizal Flared up in anger and confronted Lardet and challenged him for a duel " My Friend,
you have not a Chinaman's chance in a fight with Rizal on a field of honor. Rizal is an expert
in martial arts particularly in fencing and pistol shooting.” – Capt. Carnicero
- Lardet then apologized

Rizal and Father Sanchez

- Rizal's favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila

- He was the only Spanish priest to defend Rizal's Noli Me Tangere in public.
- They argued theologically in a friendly manner but all the efforts of Sanchez were in vain.
- Fr. Sanchez enjoyed the latter’s company and he even assisted Rizal in beautifying the
town plaza - Manuscript entitled “Estudios Sobre La Lengua Tagala” (Studies on the
Tagalog Language) Father Francisco De Paula Sanchez

Rizal’s Encounter with Friar’s spy

- The spy with the assumed name of "Pablo Mercado" and posing as a relative - confidential
courier of Rizal's letter and writings for the patriots in Manila
- invited the unwanted visitor to stay at his house
- Sitges ordered the arrest of "Pablo Mercado“ - real name of "Pablo Mercado" was
Florencio Namanan
- forwarded the transcripts of the investigation to Governor General Blanco
- Rizal's letter to his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo written in Dapitan, December 20,
1893

As a Physician in Dapitan

- He gave free medicine

- Rich patients who paid him for his surgical skill. - He operated his mother’s eye.
- “Now I understand very well why a physician should not treat the members of his family”
- Luzon, Bohol, Cebu, Panay, Negros, and Mindanao and even from Hong Kong
- Don Ignacio Tumarong paid him Php3,000.
- An Englishman paid him Php500.
- Don Florencio Azacarraga paid him a cargo of sugar
- Became interested in the local medicine

Water System for Dapitan

- Mr. H.F Cameron praised Rizal’s engineering feat

Community Projects for Dapitan

- Malaria is spread by the mosquitoes which thrive in swampy places

- Php500 was used for lighting system
- Beautification of Dapitan
- “Rival the best in Europe”
- Made a huge relief map of Mindanao

Rizal as a Teacher

• He had 21 students
• Rizal taught his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history,
mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and
gymnastics.

Hymn to Talisay

• Rizal conducted his school in a Talisay.

• He wrote, “Himno a Talisay”

Rizal as Businessman

- In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan Merchant

- “Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers” - to improve the farm products, obtain
better outlets for them, collect funds for their purchases, and help the producers and
workers by establishing a store wherein they can buy prime commodities at moderate
prices

Rizal’s inventive Ability

- During his exile in Dapitan, he invited a machine for making bricks

Rizal and Josephine Bracken

• Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other.

• Tr. Obach refused
• George committed suicide - married themselves before the eyes of God Josephine
Bracken George Taufer
• At one time, Rizal wrote a poem for Josephine, which runs as follows: Josephine Josephine
Who to these shores have come? Looking for a nest, a home, To Japan, China or Shanghai,
Don’t forget on these shores A heart for you beats high
• Rizal was extremely happy because Josephine was expecting a baby.
• This lost son of Rizal was named “Francisco” honor of Don Francisco (he hero’s father)
and was buried in Dapitan.
• Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other.
• Tr. Obach refused
 • George committed suicide - married themselves before the eyes of God Josephine
Bracken George Taufer

Rizal and Katipunan

(1) the people are not ready for revolution

(2) Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry of revolution. Dr. Pio
Valenzuela

Volunteers as Military in Cuba

• “and there the Minister of War will assign you to the Army of Operations in Cuba, detailed
to the Medical Crops” Gen. Ramon Blanco

The Song of the Travelers

• It was with this joyous thought of resuming his travels that he wrote his heart-warming
poem. “El Canto del Viajero” (The Song of the Traveler).
 CHAPTER 23: LAST TRIP ABROAD, (1896)

• Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end.

• He left for Dapitan on board the steamer ‘’Espana’’ for Manila with delightful stopovers
such as the following: July 31, 1896 Dumaguete, Cebu, Ilo-ilo, Capiz and Romblon
• August 26, 1896 - Rizal arrived in Manila on.
• He was transferred to another Spanish cruiser ‘’Castilla’’, where he stayed for almost a
month, pending the availability of a vessel bound for Spain by the order of Ramon Blanco
. He was treated not a prisoner, but a guest detained on board. Rizal misses ship going to
Spain regular steamer Isla de Luzon which sailed to Spain the day before he arrived in
Manila Bay

Cry of Balintawak (Pugadlawin)

• August 26, 1896 - Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan raised the cry of revolution in the
hills of Balintawak a few miles north of Manila.
• Rizal, worried about the raging hostilities, left for Spain on the steamer Isla de Panay.
• It was his last trip abroad. September 3, 1896

FROM DAPITAN TO MANILA

• Leaving Dapitan at midnight, July 31, 1896, the Spaña with Rizal and party on board, sailed
northward. At dawn the next day(Saturday, August 1)
• it anchored at Dumaguete, capital of Negros Oriental,Dumaguete wrote Rizal his Travel
diary

DUMAGUETE

• Rizal visited a friend and former classmate, Herrero Regidor, who was the judge of the
province.
• In the afternoon he operated on a Spanish captain of the Guardia civil.

CEBU

• The España left Dumaguete about 1:00pm and reached Cebu the following morning.
• Rizal was fascinated by the entrance to Cebu which he considered "beautiful".
• He met an old couple whom he had known in Madrid.
• He wrote in his diary, I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears, and
another of tumor´.

ILO-ILO

• In the morning of Monday August 3, Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo.

• Of the Molo church he commented: ‘ The church is pretty outside and the interior is not
bad, considering that it had been painted by a lad. The paintings are mostly copies of
biblical scenes by Gustave Dore’.
• From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed to Capiz
 • After a brief stopover, it proceeded towards Manila via Romblon.

RIZAL MISSES SHIP GOING TO SPAIN (ESPAÑA)

• Arrived in Manila Bay early in August 6, 1896.

• Unfortunately, Rizal was not able to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain because it
had departed the previous day at 5:00 p.m. . He was greatly disappointed, but he took
this unlucky incidence with abiding resignation.
• Writing to Bluementritt later, Rizal mentioned this episode, ‘Unfortunately, I did not catch
the mail ship for Spain, and fearing that my stay in Manila for month might bring me
troubles I made known to the governor general, while remaining on the board the ship
(España) of my wish to be isolated from everybody, except my family´.

Near midnight of the same day. August 6

• Rizal was transferred to the Spanish cruiser Castilla by order of Governor General Ramon
Blanco.
• Rizal stayed on the cruiser for about a month, from August 6 to September 2,1869,
pending the availability of Spain-bound steamer.

OUTBREAK OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

• While Rizal was patiently waiting on the cruiser Castilla for the next steamer to take him
to Spain, portentous events occurred, presaging the downfall of Spanish power in Asia.
• August 19, 1896 - The Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by means of revolution
was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil Augustinian cura of Tondo.
• August 26,1896 - ‘Cry of Balintawak´ which was raised by Bonifacio and his valiant
Katipuneros in PugadLawin
• This startling incident stuck terror into the hearts of the Spanish officials and residents,
producing a hysteria of vindictive retaliation against the Filipino patriots

CRY OF BALINTAWAK (PUGADLAWIN)

• At sunrise, of August 30 - The revolution led by Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked San Juan
near the city of Manila, but they were repulse with heavy losses.
• 18. In the afternoon, of August 30 - Gov. Gen. Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first
eight provinces for rising in arms against Spain- Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac. [Ma, Bu, Ca, Ba, La, Pa, Nu, Ta]

August 30, 1896 - Departure of Rizal for Spain

• The day when the state of war was proclaimed in the eight provinces, Rizal received from
Governor General Blanco two letters of the introduction for : 1. The Minister of War 2.
The Minister of Colonies with a covering letter which absolved him from all blame for
raging revolution
• September 2, 1896 - the day before his departure for Spain, He , on board the Castilla,
wrote to his mother. "As promised I am addressing you a few lines before leaving, to let
 you know about the condition of my health. I am well thank God, I am only concerned as
so what will happen or shall have happened to you in these days of upheaval and disorder.
… Do not worry about anything; we are all in the hands of Divine Providence. Not all those
who go to Cuba die, and in the end one has to die; at least die doing something good. "
• September 7 (Rizal in Singapore) - The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore . The following
morning Rizal and other passengers went ashore for sightseeing and shopping for
souvenirs. Don Pedro with His son disembarked at Singapore. He advised Rizal to stay
behind too and take advantage of the protection of the British law. Rizal did not heed his
advice.
• Don Manuel Camus and several Filipino residents of Singapore - urging him to stay in
Singapore to save his life. He also ignored the appeal because he had given his word of
honor to Governor General Blanco and he did not like to break it.

RIZAL IN SINGAPORE

• Don Pedro/ Don Manuel Camus devised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection
of the British Law
• Rizal had given his word of honor to Governor General Blanco.

VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY

• By refusing to break his word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his own doom.
• For without his knowledge, Governor Blanco was secretly conspiring with the Ministers
of War and the Colonies (ultramar) for his destruction
• Great hero and genius that he was, Rizal proved to be as gullible as Sultan Zaide another
victim of Spanish intrigue.

RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA

• September 8, 1:00 p.m. - The Isla de Panay, with Rizal onboard, left Singapore, unaware
of the Spanish duplicity particularly of Governor General Blanco's infernal deceit, he
happily continued the voyage towards Barcelona.
• September 25 - He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal crammed with
Spanish troops.
• He realized that he was fooled by the Spanish officials. That made him to write a letter to
his best friend. • He was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his
cabin until further orders from Manila. He graciously compiled with the captain's directive
September 30 (at 4:00 p.m.)

ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

• September 30 (6:25 p.m. - The steamer anchored at Malta. Rizal confined to his cabin and
was not able to visit the famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders.
• October 3, at 10:00 o'clock in the morning - The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with
Rizal a prisoner on board. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days.
• He was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for three days. His jailor was no longer the
ship captain but the Military Commander of Barcelona, who happened to be. General
Eulogio Despujol
• The same one who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July, 1892. It was one of those
coincidences in the lives of men that make "history stranger than fiction.“ On his second
day in Barcelona, Rizal, although held incommunicado in his cabin, noticed the city
celebration of the feast of St, Francis of Assisi.
• October 6 (3:00 a.m.) - Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the grim and
infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich.
• He spent the whole morning in a cell. 2:00 in the afternoon
• He was taken out of prison by the guards and brought to the headquarters of General
Despujol.
• In the interview, which lasted a quarter of an hour, the brusque general told Rizal that he
would be shipped back to Manila on board the transport ship Colon which was leaving
that evening. After the Interview, Rizal was taken abroad the Colon which was "full of
soldiers and officers and their families."
• October 6 (8:00 p.m.) - The ship left Barcelona, with Rizal on board S.S. Colon
• Arrival in Barcelona as a prisoner fort Santiago Rizal’s cell
 CHAPTER 24: LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL

A Martyrs Last Homecoming

• Since leaving Barcelona on Tuesday , October 6, 1896.Rizal recorded the events in his
diary.
• Given a good cabin in the second class- strictly guarded but courteously treated by the
officer.
• October 8 – a friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspapers were full of stories
about the bloody revolution in the Philippines and were blaming him for it.

Confiscation of Rizal's diary

• Spanish known that Rizal was keeping track of the daily events in his diary. They were
curious what were recorded in his diary,suspicion,feared what may the diarist is writing.
• October 11 before reaching the Port Said – Rizal's diary was taken away from him. Nothing
dangerous was found in the contents of the diary .
• November 2 – the dairy was returned to him. Rizal was not able to record the events from
Monday ,October 12 to Sunday, November 1.

Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore

• News from Rizal's predicament reached his friends in Europe and Singapore.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatched frantic telegrams to an English lawyer
(Hugh Fort)
• When the Colon arrived in Singapore, Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at the Singapore
Court for the removal of Rizal from The streamer.
• Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ,
• Rizal was unaware of the attempt made by his friends to rescue him in Singapore.

Arrival in Manila

• November 3- the Colon reached Manila.

• While the Spanish community was exulting with joy, Rizal was quietly transferred under
heavy guard from the ship to Fort Santiago.
• Many Filipino patriots were tortured ( Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises
Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez, Pedro Serrano Laktaw) to implicate
Rizal. Paciano was also tortured,he never sign the statement against Rizal. His left hand
crushed by screw.

Preliminary Investigation

• November 20 – Preliminary Investigation

• Appeared before Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive.
• 2 Kinds of Evidence (documented and testimonial)
- Documentary evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits
- Testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies
Rizal Chooses His defender

- December 8 - Feast of the Immaculate Conception

- A list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal.
- Don Luis Taviel de Andrade ,1st Lt. of the Artillery – chosen to be the defender of Rizal in
the court

Reading of Information of charges to the accused

- December 11 the information of charges was formally announced in Rizal's prison cell.
- Accused of being the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection,
the founder of societies ,periodicals, and book dedicated to fomenting and propagating
the ideas of rebellion.
 CHAPTER 25: MARTYRDOM AT BAGUMBAYAN

• After being court-martialed, Rizal returned to his cell in Fort Santiago to prepare his
rendezvous with destiny.
• During his last 24 hours on earth – from 6:00 A.M. of Dec. 29 to 6:00 A.M. of Dec. 30, 1896
– he was busy meeting visitors which includes his family and friends.
• He was also able to write his last poem – his final contribution for the emancipation of
the Filipino people.

Last Hours of Rizal

• December 29, 1896 - 6:00 A.M. – Captain Rafael Rodriguez read Rizal’s death sentence –
he will be shot at the back by firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan.
• 7:00 A.M. – Rizal was moved to the prison chapel where he spent his last moments. His
first visitors were Jesuit priests.
• 7:15 A.M. – Rizal reminded Fr. Luis Viza the statuette of the Sacred Heart of Jesus whom
he carved as a student in Ateneo.
• 8:00 A.M. – Rizal had a breakfast with Fr. Antonio Rosell. After breakfast, his attorney, Lt.
Luis Taviel de Andrade came.
• 9:00 A.M. – Fr. Frederico Faura arrived. Rizal reminded the priest of his earlier ‘prophecy’
about Rizal.
• 10:00 A.M. – More Jesuit priests had visited him. After then, he was interviewed by
Santiago Mataix for the newspaper El Heraldo de Madrid.
• 12:00 – 3:30 P.M. – Rizal was left alone in his cell. He took his lunch and continued writing
his farewell poem which he hid in an alcohol cooking stove. He also wrote his last letter
to Professor Blumentritt.
• 3:30 P.M. – Father Vicente Balaguer returned to his cell and discussed with Rizal his
retraction letter. • 4:00 P.M. – Teodora Alonzo visited him. They had a very emotional
encounter. Rizal gave the alcohol cooking stove to Trinidad which contains his farewell
poem. Several priests have visited him afterwards.
• 6:00 P.M. – Don Silvino Lopez, dean of the Manila Cathedral visited him.
• 8:00 P.M. – Rizal had his last supper. He told Captain Dominguez that he forgave his
enemies including the military judges.
• 9:30 P.M. – Rizal was visited by Don Gaspar Cestano, fiscal of the Royal Audience de
Manila. • 10:00 P.M. – The draft of the retraction letter sent by the anti-Filipino
Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda was given by Fr. Balaguer to Rizal for his signature. He
had rejected it.

Retraction Letter

• Upon Rizal’s death, his supposedly ‘retraction letter’ became of one of the most
controversial documents in our history.
• This ‘retraction letter’ allegedly contains his renunciation of the Masonry and his ‘anti-
Catholic religious ideas.’
 • Depending on whose side you are on, some Rizalists claims that it is fake while some
believe it to be genuine.
• There had been some evidences but so far these had only heated up the debate between
the two factions.

Last Hours of Rizal December 30, 1896

• 3:00 A.M. – Rizal heard Mass, confessed his sins and took Holy Communion.
• 5:30 A.M. – He took his last breakfast. After which he wrote his last letters for his family
and his brother, Paciano.

Letter to Paciano

“Now I am about to die, and it is to you I dedicate my last lines, to tell you how sad I am to leave
you alone in life, burdened with the weight of the family and our old parents. ”

Last Hours of Rizal December 30, 1896

• 5:30 A.M. – Josephine Bracken arrived together with Rizal’s sister, Josefa, with tears in
her eyes, bade him farewell. Rizal embraced her for the last time, and before she left,
Rizal gave her a last gift – a religious book, Imitation of Christ by Father Thomas Kempis.
• 6:00 A.M. – As the soldiers were getting ready for the death march to Bagumbayan, Rizal
wrote his last letter to his beloved parents.

Letter to his Father

“My beloved Father, pardon me for the pain with which I repay you, for sorrows and sacrifices for
my education. I did not want it nor did I prefer it. Goodbye Father, goodbye.”

Letter to his Mother

“To my very dear Mother, Sra. Dona Teodora Alonso 6 o’oclock in the morning, December 30,
1896. “

Death March to Bagumbayan

• At about 6:30 A.M., a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death march
to Bagumbayan.
• Rizal walked calmly with his defense counsel and two Jesuit priests at his sides.
• He was dressed elegantly in a black suit, black derby hat, black shoes, white shirt and black
tie. His arms were tied behind from elbow to elbow.
• There a lot of spectators lining the street from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan.
• As he was going through the narrow Postigo Gate, Rizal looked at the sky and said to one
of the priests: “How beautiful it is today, Father. What morning could be more serene!
How clear is Corregidor and the mountains of Cavite! On mornings like this, I used to take
a walk with my sweetheart.”
• While he was passing in front of the Ateneo, he saw the college towers above the walls.
He asked: “Is that the Ateneo, Father?” “Yes”, replied the priest.
Martyrdom of a Hero

• Rizal bade farewell to Fathers March and Vilaclara and to his defender, Lt. Luis Taviel de
Andrade. Although his arms were tied, he had firmly clasped their hands in parting.
• One of the priests blessed him and offered him a crucifix to kiss.
• He requested the commander of the firing squad that he be shot facing them. His request
was denied for the captain had implicit orders to shoot him at his back.
• A Spanish military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, asked his permission to feel his pulse.
He was amazed to find it normal, showing that Jose Rizal was not afraid to die.
• The death ruffles of the drums filled the air. Above the drum beats, the sharp command
“Fire” was heard, and the guns of the firing squad barked. Rizal, with supreme effort,
turned his bullet-riddled body to the right, and fell on the ground dead – with face upward
facing the morning sun. It was exactly 7:03 in the morning – aged 35 years, 5 months and
11 days.
- “I die just when I see the dawn break, through the gloom of night, to herald the day; And
if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take, pour’d out at need for thy sake, to dye with its
crimson the waking ray. “
• It is interesting to know that 14 years before his execution, Rizal predicted that he would
die on December 30th. He was then a medical student in Madrid, Spain. 24Martyrdom at
BagumbayanMartyrdom of a Hero
- “There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves. “ - Taken from ‘El Filibusterismo’