Page | 0

ALL COURSES Our Vision

NSTP 2– SOCIAL PREPARATION

(OPTIONAL MODULE)
MODULE 2

Tomas O. Banez, Ph.D.

 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 1

MODULE 2: COMMUNITY EXPOSURES AGENCY VISITS

2.0 Intended Learning Outcomes

a. Identify the nature of community work

b. Explain the development of community work
c. Discuss the Approaches in Community work
d. Elaborate the Community development project.
e. Differentiate the Community Practice and community building

2.1 Introduction
Exposure visits are organised so that people living in one place can visit another
location to observe and learn from the other community’s development activities. The purpose of
exposure visits is to learn from the experience of others outside your own community, by direct
interaction. Participating communities may be a short distance from one another, or in some cases,
in different regions or even different countries.

1.2 Topics/Discussion (with assessment/practice activity)

1.2.1 Nature of Community Work

COMMUNITY
It is a geographical area where a group of people live a common life linked together by
factors such as religious beliefs, sexual orientation, occupation, or ethnic origin and a shared sense
of identity and belonging.
The fact that people live close to one another does not necessarily mean that they have
much to do with each other. There may be little interaction between neighbors. It is the nature of
the relationship between people and the social networks of which they are a part that is often seen
as one of the more significant aspects of the community.
The nature of the networks within a particular place or grouping is of fundamental
importance when making judgment about communities and the extent to which people can
flourish within them.
People in the community are social beings. Connection and interaction both widen and
deepen what they can achieve and make possible improved individual character and knit the
social fabric. Community Work/Service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people
for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of compensation.[1]
Community service can be distinct from volunteering, since it is not always performed on a
voluntary basis and may be compulsory per situation. Although personal benefits may be
realized, it may be performed for a variety of reasons including citizenship requirements, a
substitution of criminal justice sanctions, requirements of a school or class, and requisites for the
receipt of certain benefits.

Learning Packet Page 1 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 2

1.2.2 Development of community work

Community development

It refers to the improvement, growth, and change of the geographic area and its people from
backwardness to modern ways, from crudeness to refinement, from ignorance to learning, from
faultiness to virtuosity.

Who are involved in community development?

Community development is a partnership among the community development workers,

the students the professionals, people of the community, and other agencies in uplifting the
standards of life of the community. The people of the community must be willing to give their
share in the work.

What is the aim of community development?

It is to help the people acquire a coherent meaning to life; it leads the people towards
achieving sustainability and self-determination.

Community development is about getting things done like building a children’s play area,
caring for people with disability, people working together to support each other, involving and
giving power and responsibility to disadvantaged people, growing in confidence and competence
through active participation. It is an action-based set of values, methods, skills, and techniques.

Community Work

It is a form of “intervention” that enables local people to reap maximum benefit from
community-based action and community development.

Learning Packet Page 2 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 3

1.2.3 Approaches in Community work

There are a variety of different approaches to community development such as community

engagement, self-help groups, economic development, community organizing and so much more.
For example, you could educate business owners and community partners on zoning ordinances,
work on job creation, or plan and implement sustainability projects within the community. Every
opportunity in community development allows you to understand the population you are
working with, and improve their lives based on actionable solutions.

There are various approaches to the idea of community development. While some of them
focus on the processes taking place in the communities, others focus on the outcomes/objectives.
These approaches include:
 Community Engagement
This approach is focused on facilitating understanding, exchange of information to build
social capital and enhance social outcomes through a decision-making process.
 Women Self-help Group
It is focused on the contribution of women in the communities’ development.

 Community Capacity Building

It is concerned with helping communities in obtaining, strengthening, and maintaining
the ability to set and achieve their own development goals.
 Large Group Capacitation
This approach is related to an adult education and social psychology development. It is
aimed at the increase of activity of the large groups of unemployed or semi-employed
citizens, often with Lower Levels of Literacy (LLL).
 Social capital formation
An approach focused on the cooperation between individuals and large social groups.
 Nonviolent direct action.
This kind of action is aimed at revealing an existing problem, highlighting an alternative,
and demonstrating a possible solution to an existing social problem.
 Economic development is focused on the development of developing countries to increase
the level of economic, political, and social welfare of the community members.
 Sustainable development
Is aimed at achieving, in a balanced way, economic community development and
environmental protection outcomes.

Learning Packet Page 3 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 4

 Community-driven development (CDD), an economic community development approach

that moves an emphasis from the activity of the central government to local communities.
 Asset-based community development (ABCD) is a method that seeks to use the strengths
of the community as a means for its stable development.
 Faith-based community development is known to utilize faith-based communities to
cause community development increase.
 Community-based participatory research (CBPR)
an approach to the research that brings together the efforts of the community members and
researchers in the research of the community life and problems. All the partners are
expected to contribute the expertise, integrate and share their knowledge to make the
process of decision making easier and more effective.
 Community organizing is an approach assuming that social change involves conflicts and
social struggles that can be a way to generate collective power for the powerless people.
 Participatory planning includes community-based planning. This approach implies that
the community is involved in the strategic and management processes of social planning on
various levels of urban or rural social life.
 Language-based development, or Language revitalization. This approach is focused on
the use of a language as a means of serving the community. This involves the creation of
books, films, and other media in the language development which is expected to help a
community to develop its cult

1.2.4 Community development project

Projects are interrelated activities involving the use of one more scarce resources during a
specific time period designed to meet a program’s objective.

Projects are developed to address a dissatisfying situation. They are generally effected and carried
out in participatory manner with the beneficiaries contributing services in the implementation of
the project to ensure susatainability even after the project life. There are six (6) major phsis of
project development namely:

1. Situational Analysis
The most critical phase of the project cycle involving the analysis of the current community
situation.
2. Project Planning
Involves project designing and feasibility study prparation.
3. Project Apraisal
Involves the evaluation of the project by the funding agency.
4. Project implementation
When the contents of the project proposal are undertaken.
5. Monitoring
Measuring the progress, accomplishment, deviation of the project which serve as references
For adjusting and controlling the project.
6. Evaluation
Involves the measurement of the effects or impact of the project.

Learning Packet Page 4 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 5

THE PROJECT PROPOSAL

Proposal is an outline reflecting the project’s concept, manner of immplimentation, and the
output expected to be generated through it and how much it would cost to undertake it.

1. Idetifying Information
 Name of the projects
 Project location
 Duration
 Project Beneficiaries
 Project cost
 Source of fund
2. Rationale/Background
The descriptive summary of the reason for being of the project.
3. Objectives (general & Specific
An overview of the project’s aim towards which the entire project’s various elements wwill
contribute.
4. Project discription
The schedule of implementation of the plan
5. Project Management
The structur will manage or implement the project.
6. Budgetry Requirements
Presents a clear presentation of the cost to implement the project—the cost requested and
the proponent’s counter part.
7. Recommendations
Includes the different levels of recommending bodies that the proposal will pass through.
Learning Packet Page 5 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 6

CHARACTERISTIC OF A PROJECT PACKAGE

 It is simple. It shoul be enough to enable evryone to understansding the projects,

particularly its concept, goal and objectives.
 It is readable. The proposal components should be simple and easily
comprehensible.
 It considers the local color or value of the community.the project’s intent should
reflect the supposed values of the community or the proponent.
 It must be marketable. A proposal is a sales document
 It is aesthetically presented. To be attractive, the proposal should likewise put
premium not only on its intent but likewise how it is presented.Remember that a
proposal is a marketing tool.

1.2.4 Community Practice and Community building

COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
 A community of practice (CoP) is a group of people who share a common concern, a set of
problems, or an interest in a topic and who come together to fulfill both individual and group
goals.
 Communities of practice often focus on sharing best practices and creating new knowledge to
advance a domain of professional practice. Interaction on an ongoing basis is an important
part of this.
 Many communities of practice rely on face-to-face meetings as well as web-based
collaborative environments to communicate, connect and conduct community activities.

b. COMMUNITY BUILDING

Development is the planned process geared towards assisting people and communities to
manage their own lives, harness their environment to meet their own needs, commit themselves
and work towards their own progress.
Community development describe the approach many governments have employed to
reach village people and to make more effective use of local initiative and energy for increased
production and better living standards. This development consists of giving technical assistance at
the local level in such a way as to demonstrate how people work together for better living. The
objectives of development are:
1. To help people find ways to organize self-help programs.
2. To finish techniques for cooperative action or plans which local people develop and carry
out to improve their own living.
3. To arrive at the things they need, think to judge priority of the things they want to do.
4. To finds ways of stirring people up to the point of the first realization of need for various
kinds of social and economic improvement.
People’s participation in the development process has been recognized as a necessary principle of
development by involving the millions of common people in helping their own local problem,
hence, to make a real impact of the nation’s development. The following approaches and
strategies are geared as guiding principle of development:

1. Development upholds and enhances human dignity

Learning Packet Page 6 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 7

Development process must contribute towards helping the people take an active
participation in developing their communities as well as their own potentials and sense of
responsibility by working together for their common goals. Development must lead to the
people’s realization and actualization of their worth as human being.
2. Development must be just
Development must lead to equitable access to and distribution of resources services and
benefits. All must be given the opportunity to equal distribution of its resources, avail in all
available resources and share equally with the benefit receive from such development. In
using such access to resources, services and benefits, just and balanced enjoyment must
correspond to a degree of responsibility in the conservation and management of resources
for the benefit of succeeding generation.
3. Development is an awakening process that leads to improvement
Empowerment is a sustained process in which people through collective action and
reflection gain a deeper understanding of their powerlessness and self-confidence so that
they become author of their lives and destiny in the pursuit of total human development.
4. Development process is participatory
Development must motivate people to active program to meet common goal. It should
grow out of the need of people rather than an imposition to their selves. Involvement is
necessary in identifying community needs, planning together carefully, and secure
guidance when needed, working together for success and make a better place to live and
raise our children.
5. Development leads to full utilization of resources
Development requires not only understanding nature of human behaviour but also the
nature of the resources to determine the kind of level of technology to harness it on
sustainable basis, full utilization of available resources, knowledge and know how.
6. Development involves structure and organization
The development process must provide organization and structure for meaningful change
to occur and its gains sustained. It entails the mobilization of existing structure of a
community, effort in planning the pooling of organizational resources and ideas, and
involvement of all interested agencies, groups and individuals.
7. Development should not be limited by political boundaries
Development must have a spread effect. Development project in one area should be
meaningful related to what goes on outside of it. It must also extend to the limit of the
resource base so that people affected by the resource base can benefit from it.
8. Development is a process that follows a meaningful sequence
Achievement is important because they build up confidence and readiness in people and
inspiring them move forward to next level. Success in development is a step by step process
permitting participants to control forces that seemingly took uncontrollable and produce
gradual and progressive changes toward progress.

PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION IN COMMUNITY BUILDING

Institution building is a necessary intervention to enable groups to respond to the needs of

their community and have the necessary skills to manage their poject sustained basis. Ppeople
must be organized and assisted to gain the capabilities (knowledge, attittudes, and skills) to
participate in and influence the dicision making process affecting the welfare of their
communities. This seek to ensure that people’s organization and their projects do not collapse
when the assistance of GO’s and NGO’s are phased out.

Learning Packet Page 7 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 8

THE NEED COUNTRY SIDE DEVELOPMENT

There is a growingg discrepancy in the income of the agricultural and non-agricultural

workers which encourage migration to the urban areas.

Agricultural sector is the dominant of the economy, 75% of the country side populationstill
depend on agriculture. This sector accounts for one third 1/3 of all the goods and services
produced by the economy and employs 50% of the country workers.

Thus improving the productivity of the country side will lead to improvement of the quality of the
people and at the same time accelerate national growth.

Assessment

Name: ________________________________________Course/Code________Date: ________________

Instructor: __________________________ ______________Time:_________

TEST I : Direction: Make a description of the community where you live as to type of people,
their beliefs, value system, practices, problems encountered, livelihood, etc.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Learning Packet Page 8 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 9

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

II: Direction discuss briefly and concisely the following

1. What is community development?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the aim of community development?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the practical problems we are facing in our community?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

References:

Learning Packet Page 9 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
 2 |SOCIAL PREPARATION (OPTIONAL MODULE) 10

https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/279083-community-worker-job-
description
https://www.legit.ng/1208558-what-community-development.html

Teresita Miguel Coloma and Mauricia Miguel Herrera Towards a relevant and responsive
National Service Training Program in the Schools: Focus on community organization and
Development. Mutya publishing House.

Manuel F. Llego, LIB, Ph.D. etal. NSTP CWTS A Training module easy approach to community
service with complete discussion. Leyte Istitute of technology printing press.

Learning Packet Page 10 of 10

Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of Samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.