Topic 1: Revision Sheet-HL-SL
1. [1 mark]
Which solution neutralizes 50.0 cm3 of 0.120 mol dm–3 NaOH (aq)?
A. 12.5 cm3 of 0.080 mol dm–3 H3PO4
B. 25.0 cm3 of 0.120 mol dm–3 CH3COOH
C. 25.0 cm3 of 0.120 mol dm–3 H2SO4
D. 50.0 cm3 of 0.060 mol dm–3 HNO3
2. [1 mark]
What is the pressure, in Pa, inside a 1.0 m3 cylinder containing 10 kg of H2 (g) at 25 ºC?
R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1; pV = nRT
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. [1 mark]
A compound with Mr = 102 contains 58.8 % carbon, 9.80 % hydrogen and 31 % oxygen by mass.
What is its molecular formula?
Ar: C = 12.0; H = 1.0; O = 16.0
A. C2H14O4
B. C3H4O4
C. C5H10O2
D. C6H14O
4. [1 mark]
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4.0 g of solid sodium hydroxide is added to of aqueous sulfuric acid.
Which statement is correct?
A. Neither reactant is in excess.
B. 0.10 mol is formed.
C. Excess remains in solution.
D. Excess NaOH remains in solution.
5. [1 mark]
Which expression gives the sum of all the coefficients for the general equation for the complete
combustion of hydrocarbons?
___ ___ ___ ___
A.
B.
C.
D.
6. [1 mark]
At which temperature, in K, assuming constant pressure, is the volume of a fixed mass of gas at 127
°C doubled?
A. 200 K
B. 254 K
C. 400 K
D. 800 K
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7a. [1 mark]
Ethanol is used as a component in fuel for some vehicles. One fuel mixture contains 10% by mass of
ethanol in unleaded petrol (gasoline). This mixture is often referred to as Gasohol E10.
Assume that the other 90% by mass of Gasohol E10 is octane. 1.00 kg of this fuel mixture was
burned.
Calculate the mass, in g, of ethanol and octane in 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture.
7b. [1 mark]
Calculate the amount, in mol, of ethanol and octane in 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture.
7c. [3 marks]
Calculate the total amount of energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 kg of the fuel mixture is completely
burned.
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7d. [2 marks]
If the fuel blend was vaporized before combustion, predict whether the amount of energy released
would be greater, less or the same. Explain your answer.
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8. [10 marks]
Brass is a copper containing alloy with many uses. An analysis is carried out to determine the
percentage of copper present in three identical samples of brass. The reactions involved in this
analysis are shown below.
(a) (i) Deduce the change in the oxidation numbers of copper and nitrogen in step 1.
Copper:
Nitrogen:
(ii) Identify the oxidizing agent in step 1.
(b) A student carried out this experiment three times, with three identical small brass nails, and
obtained the following results.
(i) Calculate the average amount, in mol, of added in step 3.
(ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of copper present in the brass.
(iii) Calculate the mass of copper in the brass.
(iv) Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in the brass.
(v) The manufacturers claim that the sample of brass contains 44.2% copper by mass. Determine
the percentage error in the result.
(c) With reference to its metallic structure, describe how brass conducts electricity.
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9. [11 marks]
The percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell was determined by adding excess
hydrochloric acid to ensure that all the calcium carbonate had reacted. The excess acid left was then
titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(a) A student added of HCl to 0.188 g of eggshell. Calculate the
amount, in mol, of HCl added.
(b) The excess acid requires of NaOH for neutralization. Calculate
the amount, in mol, of acid that is in excess.
(c) Determine the amount, in mol, of HCl that reacted with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell.
(d) State the equation for the reaction of HCl with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell.
(e) Determine the amount, in mol, of calcium carbonate in the sample of the eggshell.
(f) Calculate the mass and the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the eggshell sample.
(g) Deduce one assumption made in arriving at the percentage of calcium carbonate in the
eggshell sample.
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10a. [3 marks]
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Aspirin, one of the most widely used drugs in the world, can be prepared according to the equation
given below.
State the names of the three organic functional groups in aspirin.
10b. [2 marks]
A student reacted some salicylic acid with excess ethanoic anhydride. Impure solid aspirin was
obtained by filtering the reaction mixture. Pure aspirin was obtained by recrystallization. The
following table shows the data recorded by the student.
Determine the amount, in mol, of salicylic acid, , used.
10c. [2 marks]
Calculate the theoretical yield, in g, of aspirin, .
10d. [1 mark]
Determine the percentage yield of pure aspirin.
10e. [2 marks]
State the number of significant figures associated with the mass of pure aspirin obtained, and
calculate the percentage uncertainty associated with this mass.
10f. [1 mark]
Another student repeated the experiment and obtained an experimental yield of 150%. The teacher
checked the calculations and found no errors. Comment on the result.
10g. [2 marks]
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The following is a three-dimensional computer-generated representation of aspirin.
A third student measured selected bond lengths in aspirin, using this computer program and
reported the following data.
The following hypothesis was suggested by the student: “Since all the measured carbon-carbon bond
lengths are equal, all the carbon-oxygen bond lengths must also be equal in aspirin. Therefore, the C8–
O4 bond length must be 1.4 10–10 m”. Comment on whether or not this is a valid hypothesis.
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10h. [2 marks] (NOT IN SYLLABUS)
The other product of the reaction is ethanoic acid, . Define an acid according to the
Brønsted-Lowry theory and state the conjugate base of .
Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid:
Conjugate base of :
11. [3 marks]
Smog is common in cities throughout the world. One component of smog is PAN (peroxyacylnitrate)
which consists of 20.2% C, 11.4% N, 65.9% O and 2.50% H by mass. Determine the empirical
formula of PAN, showing your working.
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