Scribd
Upload
88 views

Week 8 - Normalization

This document provides instructions for an exercise on database normalization. It introduces the concepts of first, second, and third normal forms. Students are asked to take sample patient medical record data and normalize it through three tasks: 1) Eliminate repeating groups to reach first normal form, 2) Remove partial dependencies to reach second normal form, and 3) Remove transitive dependencies to reach third normal form. The document includes sample data and asks students to provide the normalized relations with identified primary keys at each step.

Uploaded by

Don Delundo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views

Week 8 - Normalization

This document provides instructions for an exercise on database normalization. It introduces the concepts of first, second, and third normal forms. Students are asked to take sample patient medical record data and normalize it through three tasks: 1) Eliminate repeating groups to reach first normal form, 2) Remove partial dependencies to reach second normal form, and 3) Remove transitive dependencies to reach third normal form. The document includes sample data and asks students to provide the normalized relations with identified primary keys at each step.

Uploaded by

Don Delundo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Page |1

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM


DEPARTMENT

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

EXERCISE

4
NORMALIZATION

NAME SECTION

DATE PERFORMED DATE FINISHED

GJPRosales
Page |2

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:


a. Analyze data and identify the functional dependencies
b. Normalize data to third normal form

II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

What is Normalization?
Normalization is a formal process for deciding which attributes should be
grouped together in a relation.

Steps:
1. Remove multivalued attributes (1NF)
2. Remove partial dependencies (2NF)
3. Remove transitive dependencies (3NF)

Figure 4.1 INVOICE data of Pine Valley Furniture Company

Functional dependency
The value of one attribute (the determinant) determines the value of another
attribute.

Figure 4.2 Functional Dependency Diagram for INVOICE

GJPRosales
Page |3

Order_ID → Order_Date, Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Customer_Address


Customer_ID → Customer_Name, Customer_Address
Product_ID →Product_Description, Product_Finish, Unit_Price
Order_ID, Product_ID → Order_Quantity

First Normal Form (1NF)


All attributes must be single-valued.

Figure 4.3 INVOICE relation of Pine Valley Furniture (1NF)

Product_ID → Product_Description, Product_Finish, Unit_Price


Order_ID, Product_ID → Ordered_Quantity

Second Normal Form (2NF)


A relation is in 2NF, if it is in 1NF and every non-key attribute is fully functionally
dependent on the entire primary key (no partial dependencies).

Figure 4.4 Removing partial dependencies

GJPRosales
Page |4

Third Normal Form (3NF)


For a relation to be in 3NF, it is must be in 2NF and no transitive dependencies
(functional dependencies on non-primary key attributes).

Figure 4.5 Removing transitive dependencies

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Patients visit the hospital and their visit history is maintained by the hospital staff.
Different physicians may be available on different dates. They diagnose and treat
the patients of all categories. Some of treatments are free while others are to be paid
by the patients. Sample data of the case is shown in the following chart.

Table 4.1 Patient History Report


PatientID Name Address Visit Date Physician Diagnosis Treatment
P-100809 A City: X 12-02-2007 Dr. Z Chest Infection Free

20-02-2007 Dr. F Cold Free

29-02-2007 Dr. R Hepatitis-A Paid

15-03-2007 Dr. L Eyes Infection Paid


P-200145 N City: Y 10-01-2007 Dr. L Bone Fracture Paid

15-02-2007 Dr. K Cough Free

25-03-2007 Dr. A Flu Free

Task 1

Draw a dependency diagram and transform the above data to first normal
form by eliminating repeating groups such that each row in the relation is atomic. Be
sure to create an appropriate name for the relation and identify primary key/s.

GJPRosales
Page |5

Table 4.2 First Normal Form

Task 2

Remove partial dependencies to convert the relation in Task 1 to second normal


form. Be sure to create an appropriate name for the relation and identify primary
key/s.

Functional dependency:

Relation with sample data:

Task 3

Convert the relations in Task 2 to third normal form by removing transitive


dependencies. Be sure to create an appropriate name for the relation and identify
primary key/s.

GJPRosales
Page |6

Functional dependency:

Relation with sample data:

IV. QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What is a well-structured relation? Why are well-structured relations


important in logical database design?

V. REFERENCES

Hoffer, J.A., Prescott, M.B., McFadden, F.R. (2016). Modern Database Management
12th Edition, Prentice Hall.

GJPRosales

You might also like