Assignment (8)

Chapter 11 Inheritance and Polymorphism

Dr. Essam Halim

Dead line: 16-3-2013

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Section 11.2 Superclasses and Subclasses
1 Object-oriented programming allows you to derive new classes from existing classes. This is called ____________.

A. encapsulation

B. inheritance

C. abstraction

D. generalization

2 Which of the following statements are true?

A. A subclass is a subset of a superclass.

B. A subclass is usually extended to contain more functions and more detailed information than its superclass.

C. "class A extends B" means A is a subclass of B.

D. "class A extends B" means B is a subclass of A.

Section 11.3 Using the super KeywordSection 11.3.1 Calling Superclass Constructors
3 Suppose you create a class Cylinder to be a subclass of Circle. Analyze the following code:

class Cylinder extends Circle {

double length;

Cylinder(double radius) {
Circle(radius);
}
}

A. The program compiles fine, but you cannot create an instance of Cylinder because the constructor does not
specify the length of the cylinder.

B. The program has a compile error because you attempted to invoke the Circle class's constructor illegally.

C. The program compiles fine, but it has a runtime error because of invoking the Circle class's constructor illegally.

4 Analyze the following code:

import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class A extends StringTokenizer {

}

A. The program has a compilation error because A does not have a default constructor.

B. The program has a compilation error because the default constructor of A invokes the default constructor of
StringTokenizer, but StringTokenizer does not have a default constructor.

C. The program would compile fine if you add the following constructor into A: A(String s) { }

D. The program would compile fine if you add the following constructor into A: A(String s) { super(s); }

5 Analyze the following code:

public class Test extends A {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Test t = new Test();

2
 t.print();
}
}

class A {
String s;

A(String s) {
this.s = s;
}

public void print() {

System.out.println(s);
}
}

A. The program does not compile because Test does not have a default constructor Test().

B. The program has an implicit default constructor Test(), but it cannot be compiled, because its super class does
not have a default constructor. The program would compile if the constructor in the class A were removed.

C. The program would compile if a default constructor A(){ } is added to class A explicitly.

D. The program compiles, but it has a runtime error due to the conflict on the method name print.

Section 11.3.2 Constructor Chaining

6 What is the output of running class C?

class A {
public A() {
System.out.println(
"The default constructor of A is invoked");
}
}

class B extends A {
public B() {
System.out.println(
"The default constructor of B is invoked");
}
}

public class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
}
}

A. Nothing displayed

B. "The default constructor of B is invoked"

C. "The default constructor of A is invoked""The default constructor of B is invoked"

D. "The default constructor of B is invoked""The default constructor of A is invoked"

E. "The default constructor of A is invoked"

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Section 11.3.3 Calling Superclass Methods
7 Which of the statements regarding the super keyword is incorrect?

A. You can use super to invoke a super class constructor.

B. You can use super to invoke a super class method.

C. You can use super.super.p to invoke a method in superclass's parent class.

D. You cannot invoke a method in superclass's parent class.

Sections 11.4-11.5
8 Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
b.m(5);
System.out.println("i is " + b.i);
}
}

class A {
int i;

public void m(int i) {

this.i = i;
}
}

class B extends A {
public void m(String s) {
}
}

A. The program has a compilation error, because m is overridden with a different signature in B.

B. The program has a compilation error, because b.m(5) cannot be invoked since the method m(int) is hidden in B.

C. The program has a runtime error on b.i, because i is not accessible from b.

D. The method m is not overridden in B. B inherits the method m from A and defines an overloaded method m in
B.

9 Which of the following statements are true?

A. To override a method, the method must be defined in the subclass using the same signature and compatible
return type as in its superclass.

B. Overloading a method is to provide more than one method with the same name but with different signatures to
distinguish them.

C. It is a compilation error if two methods differ only in return type in the same class.

D. A private method cannot be overridden. If a method defined in a subclass is private in its superclass, the two
methods are completely unrelated.

E. A static method cannot be overridden. If a static method defined in the superclass is redefined in a subclass, the
method defined in the superclass is hidden.

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10 Which of the following statements are true?

A. A method can be overloaded in the same class.

B. A method can be overridden in the same class.

C. If a method overloads another method, these two methods must have the same signature.

D. If a method overrides another method, these two methods must have the same signature.

E. A method in a subclass can overload a method in the superclass.

Section 11.6 The Object Class and Its toString() Method

11 Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Object a1 = new A();
Object a2 = new Object();
System.out.println(a1);
System.out.println(a2);
}
}

class A {
int x;

public String toString() {

return "A's x is " + x;
}
}

A. The program cannot be compiled, because System.out.println(a1) is wrong and it should be replaced by
System.out.println(a1.toString());

B. When executing System.out.println(a1), the toString() method in the Object class is invoked.

C. When executing System.out.println(a2), the toString() method in the Object class is invoked.

D. When executing System.out.println(a1), the toString() method in the A class is invoked.

Sections 11.7-11.8
12 Which of the following statements are true?

A. You can always pass an instance of a subclass to a parameter of its superclass type. This feature is known as
polymorphism.

B. The compiler finds a matching method according to parameter type, number of parameters, and order of the
parameters at compilation time.

C. A method may be implemented in several subclasses. The Java Virtual Machine dynamically binds the
implementation of the method at runtime.

D. Dynamic binding can apply to static methods.

E. Dynamic binding can apply to instance methods.

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13 Given the following code, find the compile error?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
m(new GraduateStudent());
m(new Student());
m(new Person());
m(new Object());
}

public static void m(Student x) {

System.out.println(x.toString());
}
}

class GraduateStudent extends Student {

}

class Student extends Person {

public String toString() {
return "Student";
}
}

class Person extends Object {

public String toString() {
return "Person";
}
}

A. m(new GraduateStudent()) causes an error

B. m(new Student()) causes an error

C. m(new Person()) causes an error

D. m(new Object()) causes an error

14 What is the output of the following code?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
new Person().printPerson();
new Student().printPerson();
}
}

class Student extends Person {

public String getInfo() {
return "Student";
}
}

class Person {
public String getInfo() {
return "Person";
}

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 public void printPerson() {
System.out.println(getInfo());
}
}

A. Person Person

B. Person Student

C. Stduent Student

D. Student Person

15 What is the output of the following code?

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
new Person().printPerson();
new Student().printPerson();
}
}

class Student extends Person {

private String getInfo() {
return "Student";
}
}

class Person {
private String getInfo() {
return "Person";
}

public void printPerson() {

System.out.println(getInfo());
}
}

A. Person Person

B. Person Student

C. Stduent Student

D. Student Person

Section 11.9 Casting Objects and the instanceof Operator

16 Which of the following are Java keywords?

A. instanceOf

B. instanceof

C. cast

D. casting

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17 Analyze the following code:

Cylinder cy = new Cylinder(1, 1);

Circle c = cy;

A. The code has a compile error.

B. The code has a runtime error.

C. The code is fine.

18 Analyze the following code:

Circle c = new Circle (5);

Cylinder c = cy;

A. The code has a compile error.

B. The code has a runtime error.

C. The code is fine.

19 Given the following classes and their objects:

class C1 {};
class C2 extends C1 {};
class C3 extends C1 {};

C2 c2 = new C2();
C3 c3 = new C3();

Analyze the following statement:

c2 = (C2)((C1)c3);

A. c3 is cast into c2 successfully.

B. You will get a runtime error because you cannot cast objects from sibling classes.

C. You will get a runtime error because the Java runtime system cannot perform multiple casting in nested form.

D. The statement is correct.

20 Given the following code:

class C1 {}
class C2 extends C1 { }
class C3 extends C2 { }
class C4 extends C1 {}

C1 c1 = new C1();
C2 c2 = new C2();
C3 c3 = new C3();
C4 c4 = new C4();

Which of the following expressions evaluates to false?

A. c1 instanceof C1

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 B. c2 instanceof C1

C. c3 instanceof C1

D. c4 instanceof C2

21 Analyze the following code:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = new String("Welcome to Java");
Object o = s;
String d = (String)o;
}
}

A. When assigning s to o in Object o = s, a new object is created.

B. When casting o to s in String d = (String)o, a new object is created.

C. When casting o to s in String d = (String)o, the contents of o is changed.

D. s, o, and d reference the same String object.

22 You can assign _________ to a variable of Object[] type.

A. new char[100]

B. new int[100]

C. new double[100]

D. new String[100]

E. new java.util.Date[100]

Section 11.10 The Object?s equals() Method

23 What is the output of the following code:

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Object o1 = new Object();
Object o2 = new Object();
System.out.print((o1 == o2) + " " + (o1.equals(o2)));
}
}

A. false false

B. true true

C. false true

D. true false

24 What is the output of the following code:

public class Test {

9
 public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = new String("Java");
String s2 = new String("Java");
System.out.print((s1 == s2) + " " + (s1.equals(s2)));
}
}

A. false false

B. true true

C. false true

D. true false

25 Given two reference variables t1 and t2, if t1.equals(t2) is true, t1 == t2 ___________.

A. is always false

B. is always true

C. may be true or false

26 Analyze the following code.

// Program 1:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object a1 = new A();
Object a2 = new A();
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(Object a) {

return this.x == ((A)a).x;
}
}

// Program 2:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object a1 = new A();
Object a2 = new A();
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(A a) {

return this.x == a.x;

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 }
}

A. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays true

B. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays true

C. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays false

D. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays false

27 Analyze the following code.

// Program 1:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object a1 = new A();
Object a2 = new A();
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(A a) {

return this.x == a.x;
}
}

// Program 2:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(A a) {

return this.x == a.x;
}
}

A. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays true

B. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays true

C. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays false

D. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays false

28 Analyze the following code.

11
// Program 1
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object a1 = new A();
Object a2 = new A();
System.out.println(((A)a1).equals((A)a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(A a) {

return this.x == a.x;
}
}

// Program 2
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
System.out.println(a1.equals(a2));
}
}

class A {
int x;

public boolean equals(A a) {

return this.x == a.x;
}
}

A. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays true

B. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays true

C. Program 1 displays true and Program 2 displays false

D. Program 1 displays false and Program 2 displays false

Section 11.11 The ArrayList Class

29 You can create an ArrayList using _________.

A. new ArrayList[]

B. new ArrayList[100]

C. new ArrayList()

D. ArrayList()

30 Invoking _________ removes all elements in an ArrayList x.

A. x.remove()

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 B. x.clean()

C. x.delete()

D. x.empty()

E. x.clear()

31 Suppose ArrayList x contains two strings [Beijing, Singapore]. Which of the following methods will cause the list to
become [Beijing, Chicago, Singapore]?

A. x.add("Chicago")

B. x.add(0, "Chicago")

C. x.add(1, "Chicago")

D. x.add(2, "Chicago")

32 Suppose ArrayList x contains two strings [Beijing, Singapore]. Which of the following method will cause the list to
become [Beijing]?

A. x.remove("Singapore")

B. x.remove(0)

C. x.remove(1)

D. x.remove(2)

33 Suppose ArrayList x contains two strings [Beijing, Singapore]. Which of the following method will cause runtime
errors?

A. x.get(1)

B. x.set(2, "New York");

C. x.get(2)

D. x.remove(2)

E. x.size()

34 Invoking _________ returns the first element in an ArrayList x.

A. x.first()

B. x.get(0)

C. x.get(1)

D. x.get()

35 Invoking _________ returns the number of the elements in an ArrayList x.

A. x.getSize()

B. x.getLength(0)

C. x.length(1)

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 D. x.size()

36 Analyze the following code:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

list.add("Beijing");
list.add("Tokyo");
list.add("Shanghai");
list.set(3, "Hong Kong");

A. The last line in the code causes a runtime error because there is no element at index 3 in the array list.

B. The last line in the code has a compile error because there is no element at index 3 in the array list.

C. If you replace the last line by list.add(3, "Hong Kong"), the code will compile and run fine.

D. If you replace the last line by list.add(4, "Hong Kong"), the code will compile and run fine.

37 What is output of the following code:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

java.util.Date d = new java.util.Date();
list.add(d);
list.add(d);
System.out.println((list.get(0) == list.get(1)) + " " + (list.get(0)).equals(list.get(1)));

A. true false

B. false true

C. true true

D. false false

38 What is output of the following code:

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

String s1 = new String("Java");
String s2 = new String("Java");
list.add(s1);
list.add(s2);
System.out.println((list.get(0) == list.get(1)) + " " + (list.get(0)).equals(list.get(1)));

A. true false

B. false true

C. true true

D. false false

Section 11.13 The protected Data and Methods

39 What modifier should you use on a class so that a class in the same package can access it but a class in a different
package cannot access it?

14
 A. public

B. private

C. protected

D. Use the default modifier.

40 What modifier should you use on the members of a class so that they are not accessible to another class in a different
package, but are accessible to any subclasses in any package?

A. public

B. private

C. protected

D. Use the default modifier.

41 The visibility of these modifiers increases in this order:

A. private, protected, none (if no modifier is used), and public.

B. private, none (if no modifier is used), protected, and public.

C. none (if no modifier is used), private, protected, and public.

D. none (if no modifier is used), protected, private, and public.

42 Which of the following statements is false?

A. A public class can be accessed by a class from a different package.

B. A private method cannot be accessed by a class in a different package.

C. A protected method can be accessed by a subclass in a different package.

D. A method with no visibility modifier can be accessed by a class in a different package.

Section 11.14 Preventing Extending and Overriding

43 Which of the following classes cannot be extended?

A. class A { }

B. class A { private A();}

C. final class A { }

D. class A { protected A();}

Section Comprehensive

44 Encapsulation means ______________.

A. that data fields should be declared private.

B. that a class can extend another class.

C. that a variable of supertype can refer to a subtype object.

D. that a class can contain another class.

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45 Composition means ______________.

A. that data fields should be declared private.

B. that a class can extend another class.

C. that a variable of supertype can refer to a subtype object.

D. that a class can contain another class.

46 The getValue() method is overridden in two ways. Which one is correct?

I:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.getValue());
}
}

class B {
public String getValue() {
return "Any object";
}
}

class A extends B {
public Object getValue() {
return "A string";
}
}

II:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.getValue());
}
}

class B {
public Object getValue() {
return "Any object";
}
}

class A extends B {
public String getValue() {
return "A string";
}
}

A. I

B. II

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 C. Both I and II

D. Neither

47 Suppose an ArrayList list contains {"red", "green", "red", "green"}. What is list after the following code?

list.remove("red");

A. {"red", "green", "red", "green"}

B. {"green", "red", "green"}

C. {"green", "green"}

D. {"red", "green", "green"}

48 Suppose an ArrayList list contains {"red", "red", "green"}. What is list after the following code?

String element = "red";

for (int i = list.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (list.get(i).equals(element))
list.remove(element);

A. {"red", "red", "green"}

B. {"red", "green"}

C. {"green"}

D. {}

Key Answer Chapter 11 Inheritance and Polymorphism

Q# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Q# 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Q# 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Q# 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
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Q# 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
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Q# 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
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