Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Passi City
PASSI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Program
Tel. No. 311-5997
SELF LEARNING MODULE FOR
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
Grade Levels: Grade 11
Core Subject: Earth Science
QUARTER 2-WEEK 4
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Describe the structure and evolution of the ocean basins
(S11ES-IIf-33)
Explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds,
faults, trenches, volcanoes, rift valleys and mountain ranges
(SE11-IIg-h-34)
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Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins
TARGETS
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Identify the structure of the ocean basin;
2. Describe the structure of the ocean basin; and
3. Explain the stages of the evolution of the ocean basin
DO THIS!
Direction: Observe and analyze the given Illustration. Answer the
questions that follow.
1. Based from the illustration, what do you think causes the sea floor to
spread?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. What does the picture tell us about our ocean and continents?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. What other things have you learned about sea floor spreading?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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KEEP IN MIND!
Less than 100 million of years ago the supercontinent Pangea had
existed. Because of tectonic forces and processes, the supercontinent
breaks apart and ocean basins are formed. The ocean basins cover the
largest area of the earth’s surface.
All of the ocean basins were formed from volcanic rock that was
released from the fissures that is located at the mid-ocean ridges, which is
an underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics. Through
subduction process and high gravitational energy, oceanic lithosphere is
force to move under the mantle.
Over years, ocean basins are continuously evolving as four major
ocean subdivision is formed. The world ocean is divided into the North and
South Pacific, North and South Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. They
are all distinct based on their stage of geological evolution. Pacific Ocean
basin is the largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin.
More trenches, and more frequent tsunamis happens here. It has
been shaped by plate tectonics. The second largest ocean basin is the
Atlantic followed by the Indian ocean basin. The smallest of the earth’s
ocean basins is Arctic, and is covered by ice.
Through the formation of ocean basins, different features and
structures are formed. See figure 2 below.
1. Continental shelf- Partly shallow extension of the continent
underwater.
2. Continental slope- Transition zone of continental shelf and deep ocean
floor. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust.
3. Continental rise- It where the ocean actually begins. All basaltic and
oceanic rocks are found here. It is the place where the sediments from
land are washed. The continental margin starts from continental shelf
up to continental rise.
4. Abyssal plain- The flattest part of the ocean. 50 % of the earth’s
surface is being covered by this plain.
5. Island- It’s not just a piece of land floating up in the middle of the sea, it
is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor.
6. Seamount- It is an undersea mountain. The erosion caused by waves
destroyed the top of a seamount which caused it to be flattened.
7. Trench- It is the deepest part of the ocean.
8. Mid-oceanic ridge- The seafloor mountain system which is situated in
the middle of the ocean basin. It is where upwelling of magma happens
which causes the sea floor to spread.
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Evolution of the Ocean Basin
The Wilson Cycle explains the process of the opening (beginning) and
the closing (end) of an ocean which is driven by Plate Tectonics. This
process is named after the Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-
1993).
It is divided into 6 stages namely:
1. Embryonic Ocean Basin,
2. Juvenile Ocean Basin,
3. Mature Ocean Basin,
4. Declining Ocean Basin,
5. Terminal Ocean Basin and
6. Suturing (Continental collision).
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The table below give details on each stages of Wilson Cycle.
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Movement of Plates
1. Differentiate the patterns of the movements of the plates.
2. Determine the plate movements that resulted in the formation of
folds, faults, trenches, volcanoes, rift valleys and mountain ranges.
3. Identify the plate boundary in which the land formations had
existed.
PRE-ACTIVITY:
Directions: Determine the famous land formation by re-arranging the
scrambled words. Write your answer on the given space.
1. DMI-ANOCE GERID - It is known as the Earth’s longest chain of
mountains.
_______________________
2. MUTON ERSTVEE- It is the highest mountain of the world.
________________________
3. UNGKANHENGACJ It is considered as the third highest mountain of
the world which is located on the Sikkim-Nepal
border as part of the Himalayan mountain range.
________________________
4. MONTU UDANLGDANGUL- It is the second highest mountain the
Philippines which is home to the Talaandig tribe.
________________________
5. UNMOT PALUG- It is considered as Luzon’s highest peak and a
popular destination among mountaineers for its
amazing sea of clouds.
________________________
6. YAHAMSIAL- It is considered as the highest mountain range in the
world.
________________________
7. RIMAANA RCENHT- It is considered to be the deepest part of the
Earth’s surface.
_______________________
8. ILPIPHINPE TNEHCR- This trench was formed due to a collision
between the Eurasian plate and the smaller
Philippine plate.
_______________________
9. ALTA LOVOCAN- It is known as the world’s smallest volcano.
_______________________
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10. UNMAA OLA- It is a massive shield volcano in Hawaii constructed by
countless lava flows.
EXPLORE!
Directions: Analyze the given illustration. Write the type of boundary, the
movement of plates and the land formation that can be formed.
KEEP IN MIND!
The plates make up Earth's outermost shell have its own
characteristics. This can be substantiated from the feature of the deepest
ocean trench to the highest mountain and mountain ranges. A tectonic
plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock. It can be divided
into continental and oceanic plate.
Thus, plate tectonics explains the features and movement of Earth's
surface in the present and the past. The tectonic movement of the Earth's
plates has rose in the folding and faulting of the crust. This is due to the
Earth's plates transversing, diverging or converging against one another.
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This causes the crust of the Earth to clasp and be stressed, which can
generate huge amounts of pressure that build up as time progresses. Most
geologic motion stems from the interaction where the plates meet or
divide. Each tectonic plate is can move independently and freely floating.
The plates move at a rate of one to two inches per year. This is due
to the convection currents in the mantle of the Earth.
The motion of plates can be described in four patterns. This
includes collision wherein two continental plates are moved toward each
other. Subduction when one plate subsides beneath the other plate.
Another movement is spreading which occurs when two plates are move
away from each other. Transform faulting occur when two plates slide past
each other. These movements of the plates create three types of tectonic
boundaries which also explain the formation of folds, faults, trenches,
volcanoes, rift valleys, and mountain ranges.
9|Page
Convergent plate boundary occurs when two plates collide.
Subduction zones occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are
composed of oceanic crust. The denser plate is subducted underneath the
less dense plate. The plate being forced under is eventually melted and
destroyed.
When oceanic crust meets ocean crust Island arcs and oceanic
trenches occur. Areas of active seafloor spreading can also occur behind
the island arc known as back-arc basins. These are often related with
submarine volcanoes. When oceanic crust meets continental crust, the
denser oceanic plate is subducted, often forming a mountain range on the
continent. The Andes is an example of this type of collision. When
continental crust collides with continental crust, both continental crusts are
too light to subduct. This creates large mountain ranges. The most
spectacular example of this is the Himalayas.
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two plates move away
from each other. The space created will be filled with new material from
molten magma that forms below the surface of the earth. Divergent
boundaries can form within continents but may eventually open up and
become ocean basins. Within continents this plate boundary initially
produces rifts or rift valleys. The most active divergent plate boundaries
are between oceanic plates which is called mid-oceanic ridges. This is also
known as underwater mountain range.
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Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide passed each
other. The relative motion is horizontal. It can occur underwater or on land.
In the process the crust is neither destroyed nor created. Due to this
friction, the plates cannot simply glide past each other. As a result, stress
builds up in both plates. When it surpasses the threshold of the rocks,
energy is released which can cause earthquakes.
REFLECTION
Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Answer the
questions comprehensively. Have you heard of the most feared “The Big
One”? This will be the worst-case scenario of a 7.2-magnitude earthquake
which can occur due to the movement of the West Valley Fault. This fault
100-kilometer fault that runs through six cities in Metro Manila and some
nearby provinces. How do this movement of the fault may affect
Philippines geologically? How would this affect the lives of people?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Note: Just answer 1 performance task and the Assessment as required outputs
to be submitted. Activities can be answered in your notebook only.
Those who are in quarantine or under community lockdown, you may opt to
pass the pictures of your outputs and send through your class group chat on
messenger.
Please follow the schedule for submission of answer sheets/outputs every
week. Queries/clarifications about the lesson will be entertained only on
weekdays (Mon-Fri), from 8:00 – 11:30 and 1: 00 – 4:00 in the afternoon.
Thank you.
OPTION 1:
Directions: Complete the thought of the given concept map. Give examples
for each land form that can only be found in the Philippines.
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OPTION 2:
A. Direction: Complete the table below.
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OPTION 3:
B. Direction: Complete the table below. Use the details inside the box.
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POST TEST
Post-test will be given online.
References:
Plates of the Earth. Accessed July 7, 2020. [Link]
Tectonics/Chap2-What-is-aPlate#:~:text=The%20surface%20of%20the%2
0Earth%20is%20divided%20into%207%20major,maximum%20thickn
ess%20below%20mountain%20ranges.
Plate Tectonics Test. Accessed. July 8, 2020. [Link]
/[Link]?Community=23462001&resName=30_Scien
ceF&type=HomeWork&Id=101&fName=Plate_Tectonics_Test_- _Unit.pdf
Olivar, J., Rodolfo, R., & Cabria, H. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 7 – Structure and
Evolution of Ocean Basins First Edition, 2020
Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 8: Title First Edition,
2020
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