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Revision Notes of Congruence 0f Triangles

- Congruence of triangles can be determined using four criteria: SSS, SAS, ASA, and RHS. - The SSS criterion states that two triangles are congruent if all three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides of the other triangle. - The SAS criterion determines congruence if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to those parts in the other triangle. - Under the ASA criterion, two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle match those parts of the other triangle. - The RHS criterion applies to right triangles, making two right triangles congruent if the hypotenuse and one leg are equal

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163 views

Revision Notes of Congruence 0f Triangles

- Congruence of triangles can be determined using four criteria: SSS, SAS, ASA, and RHS. - The SSS criterion states that two triangles are congruent if all three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides of the other triangle. - The SAS criterion determines congruence if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to those parts in the other triangle. - Under the ASA criterion, two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle match those parts of the other triangle. - The RHS criterion applies to right triangles, making two right triangles congruent if the hypotenuse and one leg are equal

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meherr nandwani
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B.K.

BIRLA PUBLIC SCHOOL, KALYAN


2021-22
SUBJECT: Mathematics
REVISION NOTES
th DATE: 2/12/21
STD: 7

CHAPTER: 7
Congruence Of Triangles.

Congruence
If we superpose one figure over other and they fit into each other then they must be congruent
shapes. They must have the same shape and size.

Symbol of Congruence

Congruence of 2-dimensional Shapes


In the case of 2D shapes, the two shapes will be congruent if they have the same shape and size. You
cannot bend, stretch or twist the image.

Congruence among Line Segments


To check whether the line segments are congruent or not, we can superpose one line segment over
another and if they completely cover each other then they must be congruent.

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Two line segments are congruent if they have equal length and if two line segments have equal length
then they must be congruent.
Congruence of Angles
Two angles of the same measurement are congruent and if two angles are congruent then their
measurement must be the same.

Here, ∠R ≅ ∠Q
Congruence of Triangle
If we superpose one triangle over other triangle and they cover each other properly, then they must be
congruent triangles.

In case of congruent triangles-

 All the sides of one triangle must be equal to the corresponding sides of another triangle.

 All the angles of one triangle must be equal to the corresponding angles of another triangle.

 All the vertices of one triangle must be corresponding to the vertices of another triangle.

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In the above triangles,

If, ∆ABC ≅ ∆FDE then

 Corresponding vertices are – ∠A ↔ ∠F, ∠B ↔ ∠D and ∠C ↔ ∠E

 Corresponding angles are - ∠A ↔ ∠F, ∠B ↔ ∠D and ∠C ↔ ∠E

 Corresponding sides are – AB ↔ FD, BC ↔ DE and AC ↔ FE

Remark: It is the order of the letters in the names of congruent triangles which tells the corresponding
relationships between two triangles. If we change it from ∆ABC ≅ ∆FDE to ∆BCA ≅ ∆FDE, then it is not
necessary that the two triangles are congruent as it is important that all the corresponding sides, angles
and vertices are same.
The Criterion for Congruence of Triangles
1. SSS Criterion(Side-Side-Side)
This criterion says that the two triangles will be congruent if their corresponding sides are equal.

Example
In the two given triangles, ∆ABC and ∆DEF AB = 7 cm, BC = 5 cm, AC = 9 cm, DE = 7 cm, DF = 9 cm
and EF = 5 cm. Check whether the two triangles are congruent or not.

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Solution
In ∆ABC and ∆DEF,

AB = DE = 7 cm,

BC = EF = 5 cm,

AC = DF = 9 cm

This show that all the three sides of ∆ABC are equal to the sides of ∆DEF.

Hence with the SSS criterion of congruence, the two triangles are congruent.

∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

2. SAS Criterion(Side-Angle-Side)
This criterion says that the two triangles will be congruent if their corresponding two sides and one
included angle are equal.

If Side AB = DE
Angle ∠B = ∠E
Side BC = EF
Then, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

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Example

In ∆JKN, JK = KN and AK is the bisector of ∠JKN, then

1. Find the three pairs of equal parts in triangles JKA and AKN.

2. Is ΔJKA ≅ ΔNKA? Give reasons.

Is ∠J = ∠N? Give reasons.

Solution

1. The three pairs of equal parts are:

JK = KN (Given)

∠JKA = ∠NKA (KA bisects ∠JKN)

AK = AK (common)

2. Yes, ΔJKA ≅ ΔNKA (By SAS congruence rule)

3. ∠J = ∠N(Corresponding parts of congruent triangles)

3. ASA criterion(Angle-Side-Angle)
This criterion says that the two triangles are congruent if the two adjacent angles and one included side
of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and one included side of another triangle.

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If Angle ∠B = ∠B'
Side BC = EF
Angle ∠C = ∠C'
Then, ∆ABC ≅ ∆A'B'C'

Example

In ∆LMN and ∆OPN, if LMN = ∆NPO = 60°, LNM = 35° and LM = PO = 4 cm.Then check whether the
triangle LMN is congruent to triangle PON or not.

Solution
In the two triangles ∆LMN and ∆OPN,

Given,

LMN = NPO = 60°

LNM = ∠PNO = 35° (vertically opposite angles)

So, ∠L of ΔLMN = 180° – (60° + 35°) = 85° (by angle sum property of a triangle) similarly,

∠O of ΔOPN =180° – (60° + 35°) = 85°

Thus, we have ∠L = ∠O, LM = PO and ∠M = ∠P

Now, side LM is between ∠L and ∠M and side PO is between ∠P and ∠O.

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Hence, by ASA congruence rule,

∆LMN ≅ ∆OPN.

4. RHS Criterion (Right angle-Hypotenuse –Side)

This criterion says that the two right-angled triangles will be congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of
one triangle are equal to the corresponding hypotenuse and one side of another triangle.

If Right angle ∠B = ∠E

Hypotenuse AC = DF

Side BC = EF

Then, ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF

Example
Prove that ∆RSV ≅ ∆RKV, if RS = RK = 7 cm and RV = 5 cm and is perpendicular to SK.

Solution
In ∆RSV and ∆RKV,

Given

RS = RK = 7 cm

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RV = RV = 5 cm (common side)

If RV is perpendicular to SK then

∠RVS = ∠RVK = 90°.

Hence, ∆RSV ≅ ∆RKV

As in the two right-angled triangles, the length of the hypotenuse and one side of both the sides are
equal.

Remark: AAA is not the criterion for the congruent triangles because if all the angles of two triangles are
equal then it is not compulsory that their sides are also equal. One of the triangles could be greater in
size than the other triangle.

In the above figure, the two triangles have equal angles but their length of sides is not equal so they are
not congruent triangles.

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