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Lab N O. 2: Familiarization With Computer Hardware and Its Assembly

1. The document discusses the components and internal structure of a computer system unit. It describes the major components like the motherboard, processor, memory, storage, ports, and power supply. 2. It explains key parts of the motherboard in detail like the processor socket, memory slots, video card slot, BIOS chip, and various connectors. It also describes the functions of the northbridge and southbridge. 3. The document outlines different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and cache memory. It also discusses storage devices like hard disk drives and units of data storage.

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Faraz Kashif
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348 views

Lab N O. 2: Familiarization With Computer Hardware and Its Assembly

1. The document discusses the components and internal structure of a computer system unit. It describes the major components like the motherboard, processor, memory, storage, ports, and power supply. 2. It explains key parts of the motherboard in detail like the processor socket, memory slots, video card slot, BIOS chip, and various connectors. It also describes the functions of the northbridge and southbridge. 3. The document outlines different types of memory like RAM, ROM, and cache memory. It also discusses storage devices like hard disk drives and units of data storage.

Uploaded by

Faraz Kashif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB No.

2
FAMILIARIZATION WITH COMPUTER HARDWARE AND

ITS ASSEMBLY

PRE LAB TASK


Objectives:

Main objective of this lab is to develop understanding of the internal structure of the
computer and its components. What are they? How they work? and their arrangements within
the structure of computer.

Introduction:

System Unit:

A system unit is the part of a PC that houses the essential devices that perform operations
and produce results for complex estimations. It incorporates the motherboard, CPU, RAM and
different parts, and in addition the case in which these gadgets are housed. This unit is also called
chassis or a tower in layman's terms, and it plays out most of the major functions and
calculations that a PC is required to do. Fig 1

Fig 1
Components in The System Unit:

Major components within a system unit is as follows.

1- Storage
2- Processor
3- Ports
4- Slots
5- Buses
6- Mother Board
7- Power Supply

THEORY:

Motherboard:
A physical arrangement in a computer that includes the basic circuitry and components of
computer is called Motherboard. On a typical motherboard the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to
the surface of a firm planner surface and built in one step usually. Fig 2

Fig2

 
 
A motherboard of computer contains following parts.

1. Microprocessor
2. Coprocessor (optional)
3. Memory
4. Basic Input output system (BIOS)
5. Expansion (slot)
6. Interconnecting circuitry 

Processor Socket
Central piece of motherboard is processor socket. It is central piece because it contains
the processor which is brain of computer. Fig3

Fig. 3

Power Connectors
In computer no component can operate without power connections. It contains 20 or 24
pin connector and situated on the right edge of motherboard or somewhere close to the processor
depending on the model of the motherboard. It is used to apply power supply to the motherboard
and other components. Fig4

 
 
Fig4

Memory Slots
Memory slots are allocated at upper right part of motherboard and are used for housing of
computer computer’s memory module. Number of slots can vary depending on the model of
motherboard.

Fig5

Video Card Slot


Video card located right below the motherboard. Video slot is used to install video cards
and on cannot be able to install video card without it. High end gamming motherboards come
with multiple video card slots allowing the installation of multiple video cards. Fig6

 
 
Fig6

IDE and SATA Ports


Connectivity of optical and storage devices are provided by the help of IDE and SATA
ports. The IDE interface is getting replaced with SATA interface which ha maximum speed of
600 MB/s, as compared to IDE interface, which can reach a maximum of 133 MB/s. Fig 7

Fig 7

Bios Chip and Battery


It contains the code for the boot process of the system. It is stored in a memory chip
whose power is maintained by battery. Fig 8

 
 
Fig 8

Northbridge & Southbridge


The data flow between memory, video cards, and processor is coordinated by the
Northbridge. Whereas Southbridge with similar function that is it maintains he data flow
between processor, peripherals such as sound cards and network cards. Fig 9

Fig 9

Front Panel Connectors, USB Headers & Audio Header


Front panel is situated at front and includes connections for power buttons, reset button,
power led, audio connectors and USB connectors. Fig 10

 
 
Fig 10

Rear Connectors
These connectors are bridge between outside and inside of the computer. Peripherals that
are external like keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers and so on are all connected through these
connectors. Fig 11

Fig 11 
Bus
Buses are used to transfer data within the components there are different types of buses.
Different type of buses is used to perform different functions. Fig 12

Fig 12

 
 
Bus Width
Numbers of bits that can be send by a bus refer as bus width. Fig 13

Fig 13

Types of Buses:
1. Data Bus
2. Address Bus
3. Control Bus

Ram:

Acronym for ram is Random access memory. This memory of computer can be accessed
randomly. It is volatile memory the data stays in it as long as computer is running.

Rom:
It is read only. It is non-volatile memory contains data even after the computer is turned
off.

 
 
Cache Memory
It is also random access memory. It can be accessed more quickly than regular RAM.
Fig 14

Fig 14

Hard Disk Drive

Hard disk drive is the mechanism that controls reading, positioning and writing of the
hard disk which furnished the large amount of data storage for the PC. As the hard disk
drive or hard drive and the hard disk are not the same thing, they are packaged as a unit
and so either term is sometimes used to refer to the whole unit. Fig 15 

Fig 15

 
 
Units of Data Storage

 
 
LAB SESSION

Questions:
Q1. Define microprocessor, coprocessor and BIOS?
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Q2. Name and explain different types of Buses?


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