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2b. PL - Cabling - Standards

Structured cabling standards establish technical criteria and performance guidelines for networking infrastructure. They promote vendor-neutral, long-lasting cabling systems that support a variety of technologies. Key standards organizations that develop structured cabling standards include ANSI, BICSI, CSA, ECIA, IEC, ISO, IEEE, TIA and EN. International standards like ISO/IEC 11801 provide guidelines for generic cabling systems, while regional standards such as TIA/EIA 568 address commercial building cabling in North America.
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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
220 views42 pages

2b. PL - Cabling - Standards

Structured cabling standards establish technical criteria and performance guidelines for networking infrastructure. They promote vendor-neutral, long-lasting cabling systems that support a variety of technologies. Key standards organizations that develop structured cabling standards include ANSI, BICSI, CSA, ECIA, IEC, ISO, IEEE, TIA and EN. International standards like ISO/IEC 11801 provide guidelines for generic cabling systems, while regional standards such as TIA/EIA 568 address commercial building cabling in North America.
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Structured Cabling

Standards

1
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What’s structured cabling?
Structured cabling system is the network that carries all your data and
multimedia services as well as security, VoIP, PoE, across your building or
campus.
It includes everything from the data center to the desktop, including cabling,
connecting hardware, equipment, telecommunications rooms, cable
pathways, work areas, and even the jacks on the wall plate in your office.

2
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Goals of structured cabling standards

➢ Generic cabling system designed to support a multi-product,


multi-vendor environment
➢ Establish performance and technical criteria
➢ Advocate planning of building cabling for a useful life in excess
of 10 years

3
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Benefits offered by structured cabling
Provides flexibility

➢ Vendor independence
➢ Easier moves, adds and changes
➢ Open system connectivity

Improved return on investment

➢ Longer system life


➢ Lower life cycle cost

4
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The importance of standards
A standards-based system provides a generic base for building a
communications infrastructure without compatibility worries.
Standards establish technical criteria and ensure uniform performance
among network systems and components. They enable you to build
modular networks that can easily accommodate new technologies,
equipment, and users.

5
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International Standards
Standards establish technical criteria and ensure united performance
among network systems and components.
Organisations developing standards:
ANSI (American National Standards
Institute). This group coordinates and adopts
national standards in the U.S.
EIA (Electronics Industries Alliance).
TIA (Telecommunications Industry
Association).
ISO (International Organization for
Standardization).
IEC (International Electrotechnical
Commission).
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc.).
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Standards organizations include:

➢ ANSI – Oversees standards creation and accredits


standards organization in the US

➢ BICSI – Global best practices for information transport


systems (ITS)

➢ CSA – Develops standards in Canada that address


public safety and health

➢ ECIA – Develops standards to ensure compatibility


and interchangeability of electronics.
ECIA replaced EIA in 2010

➢ IEC – Publishes international standards for


electrical and electronic systems

➢ ISO – Largest developer and publisher of


International Standards
7
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Industry Standards
IEEE – Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
➢ World's leading professional association for the advancement of technology.
➢ Leading authority on computers, telecommunications, electrical power and consumer
electronics.

➢ IEEE develop the following industry standards:

IEEE Standard Description Introduced


802.3 10Base-5 1983
802.3i 10Base-T 1990
802.3j 10Base-F 1993
802.3u 100Base-T 1995
802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (LAN) 1997
802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 1998
802.3ab 1000Base-T 1999
802.3ae 10 Gb/s Ethernet 2002
802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) 2003
802.3an 10GBase-T 2006
802.3ba 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet 2010

8
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Cabling Standards Around the World

ISO/IEC 11801:2002
IT Generic Cabling for Customer
Premises ISO/IEC
TIA / EIA

ANSI/TIA/EIA
568-B/C
Commercial Building
Telecommunications
Wiring Standard EN
Cenelec

EN50173:2002
Performance
Requirements Of
Generic Cabling Systems

9
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Cable Standards ISO/IEC 11801
ISO/IEC 11801 Ed.2 Amd.2 – Information technology – General cabling for customer premises

ISO/IEC 24702 - Information technology - Generic cabling – Industrial premises

ISO/IEC 15018 - Information technology - Generic cabling for homes

ISO/IEC 18010 – Information technology: Pathways and Spaces

ISO/IEC 14763-x Information technology – Implementation and operation of customer premises cabling
ISO/IEC 14763-1 – Part 1: Administration
ISO/IEC 14763-2 – Part 2: Planning and installation of copper cabling

ISO/IEC 14763-3 – Information technology – Implementation and operation of customer premises cabling.
Part 3: Testing of optical fibre cabling

IEC 61935-1– Testing of balanced communication cabling in accordance with 11801

IEC 61935-2– Patch cords and work area cords

10
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Cable Standards TIA/EIA 568-C.1
TIA/EIA 568-B.1 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard

TIA/EIA 568-C.2 Balanced Twisted Cabling Components

TIA/EIA 568-C.3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard

TIA/EIA 569-B Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces

TIA/EIA 570-B Residential Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard

TIA/EIA 942 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers

TIA/EIA 606-A Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure

TIA/EIA-607 Grounding and Bonding Requirements

TIA/EIA TSB 67 Copper testing configurations

TIA/EIA-445 Fiber Optic Test Procedures

11
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Cable Standards EN 50173-1
EN 50173-1 Generic cabling – General requirements

EN 50173-x Generic cabling systems - DESIGN


EN 50173-2 Generic cabling – Offices premises
EN 50173-3 Generic cabling – Industrial premises
EN 50173-4 Generic cabling – Homes
EN 50173-5 Generic cabling – Data centers

CLC TC46 Balanced and coaxial cables


CLC TC48 Balanced and coaxial connecting hardware
CLC TC86A Optical fibre cables
CLC TC86BXA Optical fibre connecting hardware

EN 50288-x-x Cable specifications (coooper)


EN 60792-2 Cable specifications (fiber optic)

EN 50174-x Cabling installation


EN 50174-1 Specification and QA
EN 50174-2 Installation, planning and practices inside building
EN 50174-3 Installation, planning and practices between building

EN 50346 Cabling – Testing of installed cabling


EN 50310 Application of equipotential bonding and earthing in
buildings with information technology equipment

12
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CONTENTS ISO/IEC-11801
1. INTRODUCTION
2. Normative references
3. Definitions, abbreviations and symbols
4. Conformance
5. Structure of the generic cabling system
- Functional elements
- Cabling subsystems
- Interfaces
- Dimensioning and configuring
6. Performance of balanced cabling
- Classification of balanced cabling
- Balanced cabling performance
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CONTENTS ISO/IEC11801

7. Reference implementations for balanced cabling


- Horizontal cabling
- Backbone cabling
8. Performance of optical fibre cabling
- Component choice
- Channel attenuation, topology
9. Cable requirements
- Balanced cables
- Optical fibre cables

14
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CONTENTS ISO/IEC11801

10. Connecting hardware requirements


- Connecting hardware for balanced cabling
- Optical fibre connecting hardware
11. Screening practices
12. Administration
13. Balanced cords
Annexes ( A …. I)

15
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CONTENTS ANSI/TIA-568-C.0
ANSI/TIA-568-C.0 – Generic Telecommunications Cabling Standard

Defines generic cabling structure:

▪ Cable types
▪ Topologies
▪ Subsystem elements
▪ Distance limitations
▪ Installation requirements
▪ Optical polarity, and loss
measurement requirements.

16
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CONTENTS ANSI/TIA-568-C.0
ANSI/TIA-568-C.1 – Commercial Building Cabling Standard

Establishes structure for commercial building


cabling

▪ Based on the generic cabling structure


▪ Defines cabling requirements specific to
commercial buildings to include:
▪ Entrance facilities
▪ Equipment rooms
▪ Telecommunication rooms
▪ Telecommunications enclosures
▪ Backbone cabling
▪ Horizontal cabling
▪ Work areas
17
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CONTENTS ANSI/TIA-568-C.0
ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 – Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling and Components

Specifies mechanical and transmission


requirements for:

▪ Types of cables (categories)


▪ Connectors
▪ Cords
▪ Transmission performance
▪ Permanent link and channel
▪ Certification and field testing

18
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CONTENTS ANSI/TIA-568-C.0
ANSI/TIA-568-C.3 – Optical Fiber Cabling and Components

Specifies mechanical and transmission


requirements for:

▪ Types of cables (classifications)


▪ Connectors
▪ Cassettes
▪ Cords
▪ Wavelength specification
▪ Attenuation
▪ Bandwidth

19
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Structure of the generic cabling system
CAMPUS SUB-SYSTEM (CD)
The Campus Backbone Cabling System connects the
Campus Distributor to the Building Distributor, which is
typically positioned in another building and may include
the campus cable, the building entrance facility and the
connecting hardware.

BUILDING BACKBONE SUB-SYSTEM (BD)


The Building Backbone Cabling System extends from the
Building Distributor to the Floor Distributor/s. This locations may
include building backbone cables, jumpers, patch cords, and
connecting hardware

HORIZONTAL CABLING SUB-SYSTEM (FD) AND (TO)


The Horizontal Cabling System extends from the Floor Distributor to
the telecommunications outlets. This may include the horizontal
cabling, jumpers and patch cords in the floor distributor, mechanical
terminations at the outlet and floor distributor, consolidation points and
the telecommunication outlets. 20
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Structure of the generic cabling system
Generic cabling systems contain up to three cabling subsystems

21
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Hierarchical structure of generic cabling

Functional elements of ISO/IEC:


CD
CD = Campus Distributor
BD = Building Distributor
FD = Floor Distributor BD BD BD
TO = Terminal Outlet
TO
FD
FD TO

TO TO TO

22
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Generic cabling system

Backbone Cables

Backbone Cables

23
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Generic cabling system
INCORPORATING FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS

The CD and the FD can be located in


the Equipment Room (ER) or
Telecommunication Room (TR).

All cables should be routed using


pathways, example of which were :

ducts, conduits, and trays

24
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Cabling topology and sub-systems
The structured cabling system is consists of :

➢ Backbone cables
✓ Campus (between buildings in a
campus or interbuilding backbone)
✓ Building (within a single building or
intrabuilding backbone)
➢ Horizontal cables
✓ Building
➢ Up to three- cabling subsystems
✓ Campus Backbone Cabling sub-system
✓ Building Backbone Cabling sub-system
✓ Horizontal Cabling sub-system

➢ Uses physical star wiring topology or point to point


➢ Has a centralized cross connect location
➢ Has no more than 2 levels of cross-connects
➢ Horizontal (HC) to Intermediate (IC), Intermediate (IC) to Main (MC)

25
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Typical Cabling Systems Legend

MC = Main cross-connect
WA = Work area
IC = Intermediate cross-
connect
Horizontal Cabling TR HC = Horizontal cross-connect
TR = Telecommunications

WA or TO
X Room
ER = Equipment Room
HC EF = Entrance facility

TR TR

WA or TO X X
HC HC

EF
Backbone Cabling Backbone Cabling

X X X
MC ER IC

26
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Cabling Architecture

Star Wiring Topology

Workstation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

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Backbone Architecture

No more than 2 levels of cross-connects


ER
MC (horizontal to intermediate, intermediate to main)

MC = Main cross-connect
IC = Intermediate cross-connect
ER HC = Horizontal cross-connect
IC IC

TR TR TR TR TR TR TR

HC HC HC HC HC HC HC

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Structure of the generic cabling system
WORK AREA
Each individual work area shall be served:
➢ RJ45
➢ RJ45/SC-duplex
➢ +++
➢ ≥ components cat. 5e
➢ A minimum of 2 cables per work area

Connector type for CD, BD and FD remains on the customer's choice

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Performance of balanced cabling
The performance of balanced cabling is specified for channels,
permanent links, and CP links

Channel: end-to-end transmission path connecting any


two pieces of application specific equipment
Permanent link: transmission path between the
telecommunications outlet and the floor distributor 30
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link
Horizontal Channel Link:

➢ Includes horizontal cabling and components


➢ Includes cords and jumpers
➢ Allows up to 10 m (33 ft) of cords/jumpers
➢ Maximum cabling length is 100 m (328 ft)

The channel may include all of the following components:

➢ Horizontal cable
➢ Consolidation point (optional) / transition point (optional)
➢ Termination hardware
➢ Up to 4 connection points
➢ Up to 3 cords or jumpers
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link

Horizontal Distance Limitations


”A" Work Area
16 ft
(5 m)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Workstation

A = 5 m (16 ft) allowance


”B"
16 ft
B = 5 m (16 ft) recommended
(5 m) A+B < 10 m (33 ft) Max
Horizontal Cable = 90 m (295 ft) Max

32
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link

Permanent link (PL):

➢ Includes horizontal cabling and components


➢ Excludes cords and jumpers
➢ Maximum cabling length is 90 m (295 ft)

The permanent link may include all of the following


components:

➢ Horizontal cable
➢ Consolidation point (optional) / transition point
(optional)
➢ Termination hardware

33
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link

Permanent ”A"
Link 16 ft
(5 m) Work Area

Horizontal Cable
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Workstation

Horizontal Cable = 90 m (295 ft) Max


”B"
16 ft
(5 m)

Channel Link

34
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link

PERMANENT LINK

Horizontal Cabling
295 ft (90 m)

Telecommunications Consolidation Telephone


Room Point

Workstation

Work Area

35
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link

A = 5 m (16 ft) allowance


B = 5 m (16 ft) recommended
A+B < 10 m (33 ft) Max
Horizontal Cable = 90 m (295 ft) Max ”A" Patch Cord
16 ft
(5 m)

CP or TP Work Area
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

TR or TE 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Workstation

”B"
Patch Cord 16 ft ➢ Difference between Permanent Link and Channel:
(5 m)
▪ Cabling systems with (channel) - end to end with patch cords
▪ Or, Permanent Link - without patch cords installed

36
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Difference Between a Channel Link and a Permanent Link
Link Warranty
• “Permanent” portion of the system
Work Area
Horizontal Cable
TR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 14 15 1 6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 2 8 29 30 31 3 2 33 3 4 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4 7 48

Channel Warranty
Work Area
Horizontal Cable
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Patch Cords
TR 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Patch Cords

• Covers all components


37
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Consolidation Point
➢ Interconnection point in the horizontal cable
➢ NOT a cross-connect
➢ Work area cables terminate in a
telecommunications outlet/connector

➢ Single Piece of Connecting Hardware


▪ 110 block is a common example

Horizontal
Cabling
Consolidation295 ft (90 m)
Telecommunication Point Telephone
s
Room

Workstation

Work
Area

38
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Performance of balanced cabling
CLASSIFICATION OF BALANCED CABLING
These standards specifies the following classes for balanced cabling.

minimum of Class D
performance

Class FA is specified up to 1000 Mhz

39
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Annex E - Acronyms for balanced cables

40
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➢ Twisted-pair cable performance and supported
distances
ANSI/TIA ISO Performance Max Max Max
Data Horizontal Backbone
Rate Distance Distance

CAT 5e Class D 100 MHz 1Gb/s 100 m (328 ft) 100 m (328 ft)
CAT 6 Class E 250 MHz 1Gb/s 100 m (328 ft) 100 m (328 ft)
CAT 6A Class EA 500 MHz 10Gb/s 100 m (328 ft) 100 m (328 ft)

Performance is based on electrical characteristics (MHz) and not on


information carrying capacity (Mbps)
CAT6A cabling components are normally used for Data Center Cabling

41
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Optical Fiber Cable Performance and Supported Distances
Optical Fiber Cabling Media
ANSI/TIA/ISO Performance Max Distance Max Distance Max Distance Max Distance
Class Bandwidth (min) (1Gb/s) (10Gb/s) (40Gb/s) (100Gb/s)

550 m 33 m - -
OM1 200 MHz/850nm (1,805 ft) (108 ft)
62.5/125µm 500 MHz/1300nm
550 m 82 m - -
OM2 500 MHz/850nm (1,805 ft) (269 ft)
Multimode

50/125µm 500 MHz/1300nm


800 m 300 m 100 m 100 m
OM3 2000 MHz/850nm (2,625 ft) (984 ft) (328 ft) (328 ft)
50/125µm 500 MHz/1300nm
800 m 550 m 150 m 150 m
OM4 4700 MHz/850nm (2,625 ft) (1,805 ft) (492 ft) (492 ft)
50/125µm 500 MHz/1300nm
Singlemode

OS1
Considered virtually 5000 m 10, 000 m 10-40 K* 10-40 K*
Unlimited (16,405 ft) (32,800 ft) (6.2-25 mi) (6.2-25 mi)
OS2

FTTx Cabling generally used single mode FOC OS1/OS2 Cable and
related FTTx components
42
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