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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Secants, Tangents, Segments and Sectors
of a Circle
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Secants, Tangents, Segments and Sectors of a Circle
First Edition, 2020

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for the learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. illustrate secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle (M10GE-
IIe-1); and
2. prove theorems on secants, tangents, and segments (M10GE-IIe-f-1).

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers
on a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. Using the circle on the right (Figure 1), which

line is tangent to F?

a. DE b. BG c. BD d. CE Figure 1

For items 2 and 3, refer to figure 2.

2. Line AB is tangent to C at D. If mD͡F = 166°
and mD͡E= 78°, what is mABF? F E
a. 44° b. 61° c. 88° d. 122° •C
B
3. In C, ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐵 measures 25cm, ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐵 measures x cm and
̅̅̅̅ measures 10cm. Find the value of x. D
𝐷𝐵 A Figure 2
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 12
4. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the
measure of each angle formed is___.
a. one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.
b. one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the
angle and its vertical angle.
c. one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
d. one-half the difference of its intercepted arcs.
5. What is the length of segment AB in the figure at
the right?
a. 2.86 units c. 8 units
b. 6 units d. 8.75 units

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 Lesson
Tangents, Secants, and Sector of
1 a Circle

In the previous module, you have learned the different theorems related
to arcs, chords and angles in a circle. This module will help you understand
the different geometric relationships involving tangents, secants, segments
and sectors of a circle. As you go through this lesson, think of this important
question: How do the different geometric relationships involving tangents and
secants of a circle facilitate finding solutions to real-life problems and making
wise decisions?

What’s In

Given circle Q on the right, answer the following

questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of
paper.

1. Name an inscribed angle.

2. Name two central angles.
3. If the measure of PR is 56°, what is mRTP?
4. If the measure of PR is 56°, what is mRQP?
5. If the measure of PT is 140°, what is mPQT?

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 What’s New

Tangent Line

A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the

circle and intersects it in one and only one point. The point
of intersection of the line and the circle is called the point
of tangency.
Example: In the figure on the right, CD intersects A
at B. CD is a tangent line and B is the point of tangency.

Postulate on Tangent Line

At a given point on a circle, one and only one line
can be drawn that is tangent to the circle.
To illustrate, consider E on the right. If F is a point
on the circle, then one and only one line can be drawn
through F that is tangent to the circle. GH is tangent to
E.

Theorems on Tangent Line

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular
to the radius drawn to the point of tangency.

If LM is tangent to J at K, then it is
perpendicular to radius JK.

2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its

endpoint that is on the circle, then the line is tangent
to the circle.

If QR is perpendicular to radius NP
at P, then it is tangent to N.

3. If two segments from the same exterior point are

tangent to a circle, then the two segments are
congruent.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑻𝑽
If 𝑻𝑼 ̅̅̅̅ are tangent to S, then
̅̅̅̅  𝑻𝑽
𝑻𝑼 ̅̅̅̅.

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Common Tangent
A common tangent is a line that is tangent
to two circles in the same plane.
Common internal tangents intersect the
segment joining the centers of the two circles.
Lines a and b are common internal
tangents of S and T.

Common external tangents do not

intersect the segment joining the centers of the
two circles.
Lines x and y are common external
tangents of U and V.

Note: A tangent can also be in the form of segment and ray. Segments and
rays that are contained in the tangent or intersect the circle in one and
only one point are also said to be tangent to the circle.

In the figure on the right, VY and XZ are tangent to

W.

Secant

A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant

contains a chord of a circle.

In T, UV intersects the circle at exactly

two points. Thus, UV is a secant line.

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 What is It

Let us now look into the different theorems on angles formed by

tangents and secants of a circle!

Theorem 1
If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

In the figure, AB and DE are two secants intersecting outside the circle
at point C. AE and BD are the two intercepted arcs of ACE.
1
mACE = 2(mAE - mBD)
For example, if mAE = 66o and
mBD =24o, then
1
mACE = 2(66-24)
1
= 2(42)

mACE = 21o

Theorem 2
If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.
In the figure, AC is a secant and BD is a tangent intersecting outside
the circle at point B. AD and CD are the two intercepted arcs of ABD.
1
mABD = 2(mAD - mCD)
For example, if mAD = 163o and
mCD =21o, then
1
mABD = 2(163-21)
1
= 2(142)

mABD = 71o

Theorem 3
If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.

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 In the figure, AC and BC are two tangents intersecting outside the circle
at point C. ADB and AB are the two intercepted arcs of ACB.
1
mACB = 2(mADB - mAB)
For example, if mADB = 268o and
mAB =92o, then
1
mACB = 2(268-92)
1
= 2(176)

mACB = 88o

Theorem 4
If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an
angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the
angle and its vertical angle.
In the figure, AC and BD are two secants intersecting inside the circle.
AD and BC are the two intercepted arcs of 1 while CD and AB are the two
intercepted arcs of 2.
1 1
m1 = 2(mAD+mBC) m2 = 2(mCD+mAB)
For example, For example,
if mAD =94o and if mCD =130o and
mBC =122o, then mAB =14o, then
1 1
m1 = 2(94+122) m2 = 2(130+14)
1 1
= (216) = (144)
2 2

m1 = 108o m2 = 72o

Theorem 5
If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the
measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
In the figure, AC is a secant and AB is a tangent intersecting at A, the
point of tangency. AC is the intercepted arc of BAC while ADC is the
intercepted arc of CAE.

1 1
mBAC = (mAC) mCAE = (mADC)
2 2
For example, For example,
if mAC =166o then if mADC =194o then
1 1
mBAC = (166) mCAE = (194)
2 2

mBAC = 83o mCAE = 97o

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Sector of a Circle
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the
two radii to the endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle,
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄
get the product of the ratio and the area of the circle.
𝟑𝟔𝟎
In symbols,
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄
Sector of a circle = ∙ 𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎

Example: The radius of A is 6 inches. If mBC = 60o, what is the area of

sector BAC?
To find the area of sector ACB:
𝟔𝟎
Area of sector BAC = ∙ 𝝅(𝟔)𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟏
= ∙ 𝟑𝟔𝝅
𝟔
Area of sector BAC = 𝟔𝝅 𝒊𝒏𝟐

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 Lesson
Tangent and Secant Segments of
2 a Circle

Let us now look into the different theorems on tangent and secant
segments of a circle!

Theorem on Two Intersecting Chords (Chord-Chord Power Theorem)

If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the
segments of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the segments
of the other chord.
In the circle shown on the right, ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑊𝑋 intersects ̅̅̅̅
𝑌𝑍 at U. From the
theorem, WU•XU = YU•ZU.

WU•XU = YU•ZU
For example, if WU=8, ZU=6, and YU=4,
find XU.
(8)(XU) = (4)(6) Substituting the values
(8)(XU) = 24
XU = 3 Dividing both sides by 8
Thus, XU measures 3 units.

External Secant Segment

An external secant segment is the part of a secant
segment that is outside a circle.
̅̅̅̅
In the figure, DW and DZ are secants. 𝐷𝑋
̅̅̅̅
and 𝐷𝑌 are external secant segments.

Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments, and External

Secant Segments

Theorem 1 (Secant-Secant Power Theorem)

If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and
its external secant segment.

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 ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
In the figure, 𝐺𝐾 𝐻𝐾 are secant segments drawn to the circle from
an exterior point K. From the theorem, GK•IK = HK•JK
GK•IK = HK•JK
For example, if GI =12, JK =x, HK =20, and
IK =6 find x.
(18)(6) = (20)(x) Substituting the values
108 = 20x
x = 5.4 Dividing both sides by 20
Since x=5.4, then JK measures 5.4 units.

Theorem 2 (Tangent-Secant Power Theorem)

If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from
an exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal
to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external secant
segment.
In the figure, ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑃 is a secant segment drawn to the circle from exterior
̅̅̅̅
point L. 𝐿𝑁 is a tangent segment that is also drawn to the circle from the same
exterior point L. From the theorem, (LN)2=LP•LM
(LN)2=LP•LM
For example, if LN =6 and LP =12, find LM.
(6)2 = (12)(LM) Substituting the values
36 = (12)(LM)
3 = LM Dividing both sides by 12
Thus, LM measures 3 units.

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 What’s More

Enrichment Activity 1
Use the figure and the given information to answer the questions that
follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. If mGH = 850 and mEF = 150, 2. If mSYU = 1620 and mST = 380,
what is the mHDG? what is the mSRU?

3. If mSTA = 2320 and mAS = 1280, 4. If mLS = 1300 and mOE = 300,
what is the mSRA? what is the mLVS?

5. Using the given figure and information in item number 4, if mES = 1280,
what is the measure of EVS?

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Enrichment Activity 2

In the figure, DF, CF, CE, and DE intersect Z at some points. Use the
figure to answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate
sheet/s of paper.
1. Which lines are secants of a circle?
2. Which lines are tangents to the
circle?
3. What is the point of tangency of
each tangent line?
4. At what points does each secant line
intersect the circle?
5. What are the intercepted arcs of
CFD?

Enrichment Activity 3
Find the length of the unknown segment denoted by x in the following
figures. Each figure is not drawn to scale. Write your answers on a separate
sheet/s of paper.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

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 What I Have Learned

This module focuses on the different theorems related to tangents,

secants and sectors which are very useful in dealing with real-life problems
related to circles. These theorems are:

Theorems on Tangent Line

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is perpendicular to the radius
drawn to the point of tangency.
2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at its endpoint that is
on the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
3. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle,
then the two segments are congruent.

Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and Secants of a Circle

In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding chords are congruent.
1. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
2. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.
3. If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
4. If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of
an angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angle.
5. If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the
measure of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.

Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments, and External Secant

Segments
1. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and
its external secant segment.
2. If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from
an exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal
to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external secant
segment.

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Theorem on Two Intersecting Chords
If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the
segments of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the segments
of the other chord.

What I Can Do

Anthony ordered a 12-inch pizza divided

equally into 8 slices. He wants to determine the area
of a slice of pizza. Can you help him?

Hint: The diameter of the pizza is 12 inches.

The diameter of a circle is twice its radius. Thus, its
radius is 6 inches.
The pizza is divided equally into 8 slices. This means that each arc
𝟑𝟔𝟎
measures or 450.
𝟖

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

For items 1-3, refer to the given figure on the right.

1. Which line is tangent to circle O?

a. MN c. MK
b. OK d. KL

2. Which of the following is a secant line of

circle O?
a. MN c. MK
b. OK d. KL

3. If mKPN = 1700 and mKM = 80, what is the measure of KLN?

a. 550 c. 900
b. 450 d. 1250

4. If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of

the segments of one chord is equal to_____.
a. the product of the measures of the segments of the other chord.
b. the square of the product of the other segment.
c. the sum of the measures of the segments of the other chords.
d. the difference of the measures of the segments of the other
chords.

5. What is the length of segment ME in the given

figure?
15
a. 5 units c. 8 units
12
b. 6 units d. 9 units
4

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 15
What I Know What’s In
1. d 1. RTP or PTR
2. a 2. RQP or PQR;
3. a PQT or TQP
4. c 3. 280
5. d 4. 560
5. 1400
What's More What I Can Do Assessment
Activity 1 9𝜋 2 1. d
𝑖𝑛
1. 350 2 2. a
2. 620 3. b
3. 520 4. a
4. 800 5. a
5. 1000
Activity 2
1. Line DF; Line CF
2. Line CE; Line DE
3. C;D
4. A and D ; B and C
5. arc AB ; arc CD
Activity 3
1. 9
2. 8
3. 12
5
4. or 2.5
2
5. 9
Answer Key
References

Books:

Learner’s Module. Pasig City, Philippines 1600 REX Book Store.

Melvin M. Callanta, et.al. 2015. Mathematics – Grade 10

Website:

No author posted. No date posted. 2020.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/tangent-secant-lines.html
November 29, 2020

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