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#Include #Include #Include Void

The document describes a two-pass assembler that takes assembly code as input, generates symbol table, intermediate file and length file outputs. It scans the input file line by line, determines the length of each instruction, and writes it to the intermediate file along with the address, length and operands. It resolves symbols by searching a symbol table. The length of the assembled program is also written to a length file.

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Tanya Sunish
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18 views

#Include #Include #Include Void

The document describes a two-pass assembler that takes assembly code as input, generates symbol table, intermediate file and length file outputs. It scans the input file line by line, determines the length of each instruction, and writes it to the intermediate file along with the address, length and operands. It resolves symbols by searching a symbol table. The length of the assembled program is also written to a length file.

Uploaded by

Tanya Sunish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pass One – Two Pass Assembler

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
printf("Yadul Manoj\t69\n\n");
// Stores starting address of program
int start_addr;
// Location counter
int locctr;
// Stores the length of the instruction
int length;
// Stores the label received from input file
char label[20];
// Stores the opcode received from input file
char opcode[20];
// Stores operand received from input file
char operand[20];
// File pointers to input program, optab, symtab, intermediate file, and length file
FILE *input_ptr, *optab_ptr, *symtab_ptr, *intermed_ptr, *length_ptr;

// Open input and output files


input_ptr = fopen("input.txt", "r");
symtab_ptr = fopen("symtab.txt", "w");
intermed_ptr = fopen("intermediate.txt", "w");
length_ptr = fopen("length.txt", "w");

// feof() returns non-zero value when end-of-file has reached


while (feof(input_ptr) == 0)
{
// Read next line from input file
fscanf(input_ptr, "%s %s %s", label, opcode, operand);

// If label is present, add it to symtab


if (strcmp(label, "-") != 0 && strcmp(opcode, "START") != 0 && strcmp(opcode, "END") != 0)
fprintf(symtab_ptr, "%s %x\n", label, locctr);

// If opcode = START, set starting address and locctr as operand


if (strcmp(opcode, "START") == 0)
{
length = 0;
start_addr = (int)strtol(operand, NULL, 16);
locctr = start_addr;
}
// If opcode = END, write length of program to length file
else if (strcmp(opcode, "END") == 0)
{
length = 0;
fprintf(length_ptr, "%x", locctr - start_addr);
}
// If opcode = BYTE, set length of the instruction = length of operand
else if (strcmp(opcode, "BYTE") == 0)
{
if (operand[0] == 'X')
length = (strlen(operand) - 3) / 2;

if (operand[0] == 'C')
length = strlen(operand) - 3;
}
// If opcode = WORD, set length of instruction = 3
else if (strcmp(opcode, "WORD") == 0)
length = 3;
// If opcode = RESB, set length of instruction = operand
else if (strcmp(opcode, "RESB") == 0)
length = (int)strtol(operand, NULL, 16);
// If opcode = RESW, set length of instruction = 3 * operand
else if (strcmp(opcode, "RESW") == 0)
length = 3 * (int)strtol(operand, NULL, 16);
// Search optab for opcode
else
{
// Check if current line is a 4 byte instruction (opcode starts with '+')
if (opcode[0] == '+')
length = 4;
else
length = 3;

// Stores the opcode searched from optab


char opc[20];
// Stores the value of opcode from optab
char value[10];
// Set to 1 if matching opcode in optab is found
int flag = 0;

// Search for opcode in optab


optab_ptr = fopen("optab.txt", "r");
while (feof(optab_ptr) == 0)
{
fscanf(optab_ptr, "%s %s", opc, value);
char temp[20] = "+";
strcat(temp, opc);

if (strcmp(opcode, opc) == 0 || strcmp(opcode, temp) == 0)


{
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
fclose(optab_ptr);

if (flag == 0)
{
printf("Invalid opcode.\n");
break;
}
}

// Write to intermediate file


fprintf(intermed_ptr, "%x %d %s %s %s\n", locctr, length, label, opcode, operand);
printf("%x %d %s %s %s\n", locctr, length, label, opcode, operand);
// Increment locctr with the calculated length of instruction
locctr += length;
}

printf("\nLength of program: %x", locctr - start_addr);

fclose(input_ptr);
fclose(symtab_ptr);
fclose(intermed_ptr);
fclose(length_ptr);
}

Yadul Manoj 69

1000 0 COPY START 1000


1000 3 START LDA ALPHA
1003 3 - ADD ONE
1006 3 - SUB TWO
1009 4 - +STA BETA
100d 5 ALPHA BYTE C'GAMMA'
1012 2 ONE RESB 2
1014 3 TWO WORD 5
1017 3 BETA RESW 1
101a 0 - END START

Length of program: 1a
input.txt

COPY START 1000


START LDA ALPHA
- ADD ONE
- SUB TWO
- +STA BETA
ALPHA BYTE C'GAMMA'
ONE RESB 2
TWO WORD 5
BETA RESW 1
- END START

optab.txt:

LDA 00
STA 0C
ADD 18
SUB 1C

intermediate.txt:

1000 0 COPY START 1000


1000 3 START LDA ALPHA
1003 3 - ADD ONE
1006 3 - SUB TWO
1009 4 - +STA BETA
100d 5 ALPHA BYTE C'GAMMA'
1012 2 ONE RESB 2
1014 3 TWO WORD 5
1017 3 BETA RESW 1
101a 0 - END START

symtab.txt

START 1000
ALPHA 100d
ONE 1012
TWO 1014
BETA 1017

length.txt

1a

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