WEEK1

Computer

Ang computer po is a kind of electronic device which read, control, manipulate data or information in an
easy and fast manner.

Hardware

Ang hardware po is all parts you can physically touch or the components that a computer system
requires to function. For example, power supply, keyboard, etc

Software

Ang software po is a set of instruction for a computer to perform a specific operations. For example po
eto po ung operating system, photosjop and any other application that is non tangible.

THE FOUR BASIC TYPES OF COMPUTERS ARE AS UNDER:

Supercomputer

Yung Supercomputers are usually used sa malalaking project and malalaking memory ang
kailangan ialot since it is used for data-intensive and computation-heavy scientific and engineering
purposes. For example ginagamit sya sa quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, and physical
simulations, etc.

Mainframe Computer

Mainframe computer eto po ung primarily used by large oganization for critical application like
ung data processing, statistics, planning and large transaction processing meaning eto po ung malalaking
server na ginagamit para dyan iistored ung data ng organization or company.

Minicomputer

Minicomputer po is like mainframe computer din same lang sila ng function but mas pinaliit po
ung size nya as mas onti ung storage nya compared to the big one, usually po na gumagamit nito is mga
mid-size business for general business application.

Microcomputer

Microcomputer yan po ung ginagamit or ung tinatawag naten na personal computer as the word
implies it is only used by one person at a time. Example po ng microcomputer is a desktop or laptop.

OTHER DEVICES USES A COMPUTER

  Mobile phones
 Tablets
 Game consoles
 TV's

TYPES OF COMPUTER

Workstation

Ang workstation po is a high-powered computer na usually ginagamit for professional work, or a

designated area where a specific job are performed. Primarily ginagamit sya ng isang tao lang and
connected via local area network. For example, ung call center type na setting na isang tao, isang
computer naconnected sa local area network.

Desktop computer

Desktop computers un po ung usually ginagamit naten ngayon. It is a personal computer and
most likely the design of case is horizontally oriented or known as tower cases where in the display
screen is on the top and cpu is underneath, beside or the top of a desk.

Laptop

Ang laptop computer po is the same as desktop computer but it is smaller like the size of a
notebook or the size of book. It is a small personal computer that is design for portability usually it is
foldable and easy to carry.

System unit

Ang system unit po is responsible for holding all the other components together and protect the
sensitive electronic parts from the outside elements and housing the primary devices that perform
operations such as motherboard, CPU, RAM and other components, as well as the case in which these
devices are housed.

PARTS OF COMPUTER

Keyboard

Keyboard is an input device which has alphanumeric characters that enable to input a text. For
example, a person can type a document, use keystroke shortcuts, access menus, play games and
perform a variety of other tasks.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 A central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer which executes simple instructions
of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
system.

Motherboard

Ang motherboard is like the backbone of a computer system that ties the computer's
components together. It holds all the vital components such as the CPU, memory, and other peripherals.
Without the motherboard all this component cannot interact to each other.

Videocard

A video card po is an expansion cards which allows the computer to send graphical information
to a video display device such as a monitor, tv’s, etc. It is also known as video adapter, display card,
graphics card, graphics board, display adapter or graphics adapter, etc.

Network Interface Controller (NIC)

A network interface controller (NIC) is a network adapter which allows the computer to connect
to a computer network.

Soundcard

A sound card is an expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals from
computer programs. Mostly ginagamit ang soundcard to play audio, editing or watching videos,
recordings, etc.

Random-access memory (RAM)

Random-access memory (RAM) is like a data storage which stores data for short-term use. It
allows your computer to perform many of its everyday tasks, such as loading applications, browsing the
internet, editing a spreadsheet, or experiencing the latest game. The rule in ram is the more memory
you have, the better because if your memory is low the speed of your computer is slow or sluggish and
may hang or masira dahil di kinayang ihandle ung mga running application.

Hard disk drive (HDD)

Unlike Ram po hard disk drive (HDD) stored data permanently kahit patayin mo ung computer
mareretain padin ung mga data na nakastored sa kanya. The job of hard disk drive is to read data and
write data from platter. The faster the spindle rotates the platter, the faster the data will be stored in
the Hard Disk.

Computer Case
 A computer case is like a skin of human it contains, enclose and protects all the components
inside of the computer like the motherboard, hard drive, optical drive, floppy disk drive, etc.

Mouse

Mouse is an input or pointing device that controls the cursor in a GUI and can move and select
text, icons, files, and folders.

Video display or Monitor

Video display or Monitor is responsible for diplaying video output from a computer.

Printers

Printer is an output device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers
the information to paper

Speakers

Audio output devices the purpose of speakers is to produce audio output that can be heard by
the listener.

Power Supply

A power supply is a critical part of any computer because it powers all the components in the
computer system unit. It converts the electrical power (AC) comes from wall socket to a suitable type
and voltage (DC) so that each component of a computer works properly. Lack of proper supply of power
will damage a computer system.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

A. Workplace

1. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.

2. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or
eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and environment.

3. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent accidents.

B. Computer systems
1. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it. When making circuit changes switch
off and unplug the power cord from the equipment then discharge the capacitors.

2. Replace only fuses with those proper rating (usually on AVRs).

3. Handle all sensitive components in non-conducting metallic edge.

4. Check all signal pins and alignment to avoid incorrect connection.

5. Be careful with the sharp edges inside the computer case.

6. Do not use excessive force when installing computer components to prevent damage.

7. Do not clean your system with wet clothes or any liquid detergents.

8. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.

C. Technician

1. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with organization OHS

procedures and practices.

2. Always discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.

3. Use anti-static devices and rubber footwear to disperse static electricity.

4. Do not eat, drink or smoke when working on your computer.

5. Do not wear loose clothing

USED OF HAND TOOLS

Tool

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal cutting
part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task

1. How do you select the best tool for the job?

2. Training in the proper use of the tools.
3. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by
the manufacturer, must be included
SAFE USE OF TOOLS

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

1. All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance

2. The right tool be used for the job
3. Each tool be examined before use and damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
4. Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
5. The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

HARDWARE TOOLS

Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:

 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools

ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) TOOLS

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and
etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static
electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded anti-static work mats used with
anti-static wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electro-static
electricity.

Examples of ESD Tools

Anti-static wrist strap

Anti-static wrist strap used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.

Anti-static mat

Anti-static mat is used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from
building up.

HAND TOOLS

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only

hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using

electrical current.
Flat head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

Philips head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.

Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop.

Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver
tightens screws.

Needle-nose plier- used to hold small parts.

Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers - used to manipulate small parts.

Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Part retriever - used to retrieve parts from location those are too small for your hand to fit.

CLEANING TOOLS

Lint-free cloth - used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris.

Compressed air - used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching
the components.

Cable ties - used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.

Parts organizer - used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents them from
getting mixed together.

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

Multimeter - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.

It is an electronic tool used to measure voltage, amps and resistance across circuits.

Loopback Adapter - used to test the functionality of computer ports.

Facilitates the testing of simple networking issues and is available po for a very low cost.
Motherboards Parts and Functions

1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports

Portion po siya ng motherboard that is used to connect the computer to external devices like monitor,
speaker, keyboard and others.

2. PCI Slots
It is a built-in slot for older expansion cards on a device that allows for the attachment of various
hardware components like network cards, modems and other peripherals.

3. PCI Express x1 Slots

Yung PCI express x1 slot po is a slot that has one lane and can move the data at one bit per cycle, it is a
slot for modern expansion cards.

4. PCI Express x16 Slot

Yung PCI express x16 po has the maximum number of data lanes and each lanes po is kaya nyang
magbigay ng 1gb which means it can provide us for about 16 gb of peak bandwidth. It is a slot for
discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top end solid state drives

5. Northbridge( memory controller hub)

It is an intel chipset na ginagamit to communicate with the computer processor and controls interaction
with memory, pci bus and all accelerated Graphic port (AGP) activities. Northbridge communicates with
the processor using the frontside bus or FSB.

6. CPU Socket
Yung cpu socket po yung ginagamit to avoid damaging the CPU and to ensure correct chip insertion. It
facilitates CPU access and prevents damage when a unit is inserted or removed. Because of this po is na
aallow nya for placing or replacing yung cpu without soldering.

7. ATX 12V Power Connector

Yung ATX 12V Power connector po is a standard 4pin power supply connector for motherboard power
connector used to provide +12 VDC to the processor voltage regulator.

*VDC volts of direct current

8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors

Ito naman po yung ginagamit to link USB 2.0 to the front panel ports on PC cases.

9. Front Panel Connectors

Also known as front panel header or FPanel, it is a block of connectors po on a motherboard na
nagcocontrol to the power on, power reset, beep code speaker and the LED light indicators on the PC
case or chassis.
10. IDE Connector
IDE connector po is yung industry standard adapter for connecting IDE devices and enabling them to
communicate with each other. Nagpoprovide po ito ng 40 pin connector for attaching an IDE hard disk
drive or HDD sa computer.
11. CMOS Battery (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)
Ito po yung nag prepreserve ng lahat ng information that a motherboard needs to save even when
turned off. It supplies power to save bios settings and keep real time clock running.

12. Southbridge
It is another chip of the logical chipset architecture. Located in south PCI bus in the motherboard.
Ginagamit sya to control the input output functioning, SATA connectors, USB ports etc.

13. SATA Connectors

It enables mass storage devices, such as hard drives and optical drives, to communicate with the
motherboard using high speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors.

*sata serial advanced technology attachment

14. Fan Headers

Fan headers po are the one that operate and monitor the fans on the PC. These are terminals found on
the motherboard kung saan ipa plug yung PC cooling fans.

15. RAM Slots

RAM slots or DIMM (dual in-line memory module) slots po ito sa motherboard kung saan Iplace ang
RAM.

16. ATX Power Connector

Ito po yung nag poprovide ng number ng peripheral power connectors in modern systems, and two
connectors for the motherboard, an 8-pin auxiliary connector providing additional power to the CPU
and a main 24-pin power supply connector which is an extension of the original 20-pin version.

17. mSATA Connector

mSATA connector connects to mSATA solid state drive or SSD. This SSD was developed for use where
their small form factor would be beneficial. It can also act as cache drive, speeding up access to
frequently accessed data and applications.

18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector

This device enables to use 2 USB 3.0 and 2 USB-C data ports located on the front of the computer

19. Power & Reset Button

It is the button that we can press to turn on, turn off, and reboot the computer.