HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College

S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Topic III: Metal (Part 3: Stoichiometry Part I)
Student name: Class: Class no: Date:
Pre-lesson task (SDL)

Core:
3.2 Mole

A mole is a number of particles which equals to the number of carbon atoms in 12 g of carbon-12.
N.B.:

1.) A particle may be an atom, a molecule, an ionic compound, a cation, an anion, a proton, a neutron, or an electron.

2.) Mole(s) is a unit of number of particles.

Avogadro
 Avogadro, an Italtian chemist of 19 century, discovered in 12 g of carbon-12, 1 mole, contains
_________________ carbon atoms.

Avogadro constant (L) =

1 mole particles = Avogadro constant (L) particles = particles

For example: 例如:

1 mole particle = 6.02 x 1023 particles

2 moles particle = ____ x 6.02 x 1023 particles
3 moles particle = ____ x 6.02 x 1023 particles

No. of mole (mol) =

Example 12.1 例題 12.1

A sample contains 5.60 moles of sodium carbonate (Na 2CO3). How many a) formula units, Na2CO3; and b)
ions are present?

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
3.3 Molar mass of element and relative atomic mass of element

Molar mass of a substance is the mass of 1 mole of the substance

Molar mass of the element = relative atomic mass of the element
N.B.: I will not do the prove of molar mass of the element = relative atomic mass of the element. It is related to carbon-12 scale. It is difficult in HKDSE level.

The unit of molar mass = g/mol or gmol -1

The unit of relative atomic mass = no unit

Find out the relative atomic mass of the following elements Find out the molar mass of the following elements

The relative atomic mass of O = 16.0 (no unit) Molar mass of O = 16.0 g/mol

The relative atomic mass of N = Molar mass of N =

The relative atomic mass of Ca = Molar mass of Ca =

The relative atomic mass of Fe = Molar mass of Fe =

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Molar mass of the chemical compound = formula mass of the chemical compound
N.B: The unit of molar mass = g/mol or gmol-1

The unit of formula mass = no unit

Examples
1. Find out the molar mass of CO2.
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0)

2. Find out the molar mass of NaCl.

(Relative atomic masses: Na = 23.0, Cl = 35.5)

3.4 Moles, mass, and molar masses

1 mol substance has x grams. There are y g this substance. How many moles in the y g substance?

No. of mole (mol) =

Example 12.2
How many moles of phosphoric acid molecules (H3PO4) are there in 84.3 g of the acid?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, P = 31.0)

Example 12.3
What is the mass 0.0760 mole of aluminium sulphate?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0, S = 32.1)

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Example 12.4
A beaker contains 82.8 g of water. How many number of a) molecules; and b) atoms are present?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1)

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
3.5 Percentage by mass of an element in a compound

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 𝑥 100%
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑
Example 12.5
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, is used in fertilisers for providing phosphorus to plants. What
is the percentage by mass of phosphorus in the compound?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, P = 31.0, Ca = 40.1)

Example 12.6
Calculate the percentage by mass of water in hydrated barium chloride (BaCl 2•2H2O).
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, Cl = 35.5, Ba = 137.3)

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Extended:
3.6 Empirical formula

Empirical formula is the formula of the compound with the simplest integer ratio of atoms or ions of
compounds.

Steps to find out the empirical formula of an compound from its percentages of composition:
1st Let there is 100 g of the compound.
2nd Calculate the mass of each element from their percentages by mass.
3rd Calculate the number of moles of each element.
4th Calculate the mole ratio of each element.

Example 12.8
An oxide of chromium contains 31.6% of oxygen by mass. What is the empirical formula of the oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Cr = 52.0)

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Extended:
3.7 Molecular formula

Molecular formula show the formula of molecules with exact number of atoms of each element.
Examples of empirical formula and molecular formula of compounds：

To find out the molecular formula of a compound, you need

1. the empirical formula
2. the molecular mass
Example 12.10
Compound X contains 38.7% carbon, 9.7% hydrogen and 51.6% oxygen. Its relative molecular mass is 62.0.
Find its a) empirical formula; and b) Molecular formula.
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)

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HKFYG Lee Shau Kee College
S4 Chemistry 2021-2022
Teacher: Mr. Lee Tsz Fung
Extended:
3.8 Stoichiometry in chemical equations

Chemical equations provide the relationship between the number of each reactant, and each product in
the reaction.
Consider the following reaction:
H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)

Based on the chemical equation:

Example 12.11

Iron(III) oxides reacts with carbon monoxide according to:

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
638 g of iron(III) oxide are allowed to react with excess carbon monoxide. Calculate the mass of iron made.
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Fe = 55.8)

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