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Cell Theory and Cell Structure

The document discusses the history and key discoveries around the cell theory. It outlines the contributions of early scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann. It then describes the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles.

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32 views53 pages

Cell Theory and Cell Structure

The document discusses the history and key discoveries around the cell theory. It outlines the contributions of early scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann. It then describes the basic structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles.

Uploaded by

hejajsndjds sdkjsd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM

RUDOLF vIRCHOW
-
Invented the first compound
microscope
ZACHARIAS JANSSEN

-Coined the term `cell`


observe a thin slice
of cork
``cellula`` - small rooms
cells that Hooke
observed were not
living.

ROBERT HOOKE

ANTONIE VAN
LEEUWENHOEK
• Father of Microbiology
• Invented a compound microscope with
270x
magnification
• First
to describe and observe a single
cell organism.
(animalcules)
• Discover red blood cells, sperm
cell,
protist & bacteria
• MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
• THEODORE SCHWANN

RUDOLF
LUDWIG KARL VIRCHOW
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
• German botanist
• Stated that all
plants are
composed of
cells
• Discussed what
he observed with
his
dear friend, Theodor Schwann.
THEODORE SCHWANN
• German zoologist
• Studied
plant &
animal cells,
and was
intrigued by the similarities between
the
two
• Stated that all animals are composed of
cells

RUDOLF
LUDWIG KARL
VIRCHOW
•

German biologist
• He published his now famous
aphorism “omnis cellula e cellula”
(“every cell stems from another
cell”).
•

theorized that all living cells


come from pre-existing living
cells
• Cells are the
basic units of
life. • All living
things are composed of
one or more cells.
• All living cells
come from
pre-existing cell.
• the basic structural and functional
unit of life
• contain specialized, subcellular
structures that are adapted to keep
the cell alive. Some of these
structures release energy, while
others produce proteins, transport
substances, and control cellular
activities.
• STRUCTURE - something of many
parts that is put together, it
usually refer to the physical ;
appearance of a thing.

• FUNCTION - activities or task


done; job
• CELL WALL
• CELL MEMBRANE
• CYTOPLASM
• ORGANELLES
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes • Nucleus
• Vacuoles • • Nucleolus •
ER Chloroplast
• Golgi Bodies
• Ribosomes
• Ridged outer layer
of a plant cell.
•It gives the cell
strength and
structure
•filter molecules that pass
in and out of the cell
• Gate keeper
• It Controls what comes into
and out of a cell; found in
plant and animal cells.
• They are semi-permeable,
which means that some
molecules can diffuse
across the lipid bilayer but
others cannot.
• Gel-like fluid inside
the cell where the
organelles are
found. •It keeps the
stability of the cell.

• Organelle is a
subcellular
structure that
has one or more
specific jobs to
perform in the cell,
much like an organ
does in the body.
• powerhouse of the cell •
it produces the energy a
cell needs to carry out its
functions.
• The energy is in the
form of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
• Uses chemicals to break
down food and worn out
cell parts.
• It also breaks down some
organelles that do not
function well.
• rarely found in plants

• Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials.


• There is a larger storage in plant cell than in animal
cell.
• controls and regulates
the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and
metabolism) • carries the
genes,
structures that contain
the hereditary
information.
Tiny strands inside the
nucleus that
contain the
instructions for
directing the
cell's functions
Found inside
the nucleus
and produces
ribosomes
• Assembles amino acids
to create proteins
• site of protein synthesis.
• There are two types of
ribosomes: free and
fixed
• Captures energy from the
sunlight and uses it to
produce food in a plant
cells in the process of
photosynthesis.
• Site of photosynthesis.
• as passageways that carry
proteins and other materials from
one part of the cell to another. •
Rough ER – has ribosomes •
transport proteins to
Golgi Body
• Smooth ER – no ribosomes •
transport lipids to Golgi
Body
• responsible for transporting,
modifying, and packaging
proteins and lipids.

• Active only during


cell division
• help in the formation
of the spindle fibers
that separate the
chromosomes during
cell division
(mitosis).

Animal cells
and plant cells
share the
common
components
like nucleus,
cytoplasm,
mitochondria and a cell
membrane.

Plant cells have extra


components
chloroplast and a cell wall.
• CELL WALL
• CELL MEMBRANE
• CYTOPLASM
• ORGANELLES
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes • Nucleolus •
• Vacuoles • Chloroplast •
ER Centrioles •
• Golgi Bodies Vesicles
• Ribosomes
• Nucleus

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