Workstation hardware is computer system with high performance designed for a single user advanced

graphic capabilities, large capacity storage including powerful CPU. Workstation is better than personal
computer but less advanced than server in which can load large amount of data processing and task report.
There are different types of workstation:

1. Mouse

The CPU (Central processing unit) is the primary physical computer that interprets and executes many
operations utilizing different motherboard such as operating systems. The CPU is an essential component
of every PC, laptop, tablet, or notebook. The CPU is sometimes known as the computer's brain since all
operations are performed solely by the CPU.

2. Keyboard

A pointer is a type of manually input method that is used to navigate to anyone on the monitor. The mouse
is either wired or wireless. If the mouse is connected, attach it to the Processor effectively. Every mouse
action transmits signals to the processor to change its pointer on the screen.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is an essential component of every PC, laptop, tablet, or notebook. The CPU is sometimes known
as the computer's brain since all operations are performed solely by the CPU. The CPU is constructed from
a microcomputer that has billions of tiny transistors implanted on it. All computations are carried out
within these transistors.

4. Monitor

The equipment becomes another device that's also attached towards the Processor and is used to show the
results, movies, and other visuals. The graphics card is being used to present the visuals upon that screen.
The desktops are linked through a connection to a pc graphics card, which is located in the pc system's
motherboards. The display in laptops and desktops is pre-built into the computer, and no specialized
equipment is required in such units.
Networking software is for communications including email, instant messaging,
teleconferencing, and video conferencing applications. Cyber security software includes anti-virus
applications, spam filtering, firewalls, and data access management.

Network software is a fundamental element of any network to supports administrators in provisioning,

managing, and monitoring networks. Traditional networks consist of specialized hardware such as routers
and switches that bundle network software into the solution. There are different types of networking
software:

1. Network Storage Software

Network storage software enables enterprises use a step input to manage a wide range of database across
customers or users. It acts as a good leader of accessibility inside an organization's many divisions or
critical networks.

2. Data Archiving Software

It becomes increasingly difficult to store data effectively as companies and networks expand in size.
Furthermore, the amount of data that must be kept is rapidly increasing, and managing it is becoming more
expensive. In such a case, protection of information technology is an excellent solution.

3. Patch Management Software

When a network has a large number of devices, guaranteeing the timely deployment of upgrades is indeed
costly but also time-consuming. Patch software suite, as the term suggests, facilitates in the easier
administration of updating across multiple devices connected by installing patches. This simplifies the
procedure by allowing each system to download a patch handled by central software and perform auto
update.

4. Security Surveillance Software

It examines and links a cable network various safety systems. Software tool is perfect for huge systems since
it seamlessly connects across sites and offers an organization with trustworthy web broadcast and stored
footage. Better-targeted software, on the other hand, performs effectively in safeguarding susceptible
sections by constructing a network topology that decreases attack vectors, so maintaining parts concealed
from malevolent individuals.

How workstation hardware and networking software are interdependence?

Computer software, in essence, manages hardware. These different components are generally exclusive and
may function properly of both. A computer's operating systems must cooperate in order for it to properly
process data to generate usable output. Computer hardware is meaningless without software.

Both hardware and software are highly interdependent. To issue computers, they need to work together.
You cannot use the software without hardware support. If you don't have the correct display of the hardware
provided, it won't help. To perform the work: You need to install the appropriate software package on your
hardware. For different software, different tasks you can do it in hardware. Hardware and software are like
a body and a soul as one computer system. The software is the user and the resulting hardware. So to do
them you need to connect both systems.
Networking principles

The end-to-end principle is a computer network design framework. In a network built according to
this principle, application-specific functionality is placed on the communication end nodes of the
network rather than on intermediate nodes such as gateways and routers that exist to set up the
network.

✓ Network protocol

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)

Description A communication standard that allows An IP network is a group of computers
application programs and computer connected through their unique Internet
devices to interchange messages in a Protocol (IP) address.
network.

Purpose It is designed to send packets over the Managing devices connection via
Internet and successfully deliver data and network to send and receive
messages over the network. information.

Advantages This is scalable client-server architecture. The level of security provided by static
This allows you to add networks without IP addresses is always high. Static IP
interrupting your current service. addresses have an additional layer of
protection to avoid most security issues.
Disadvantages The concepts of services, interfaces, and Static IP addresses are restricted to
protocols are not clearly separated from change and are more vulnerable to
each other. Therefore, it is not appropriate security threats. In the event of a hack,
to describe a new technology in a new changing your address is not an easy
network. task.

✓ Network Communication protocols

 Post Office Protocol (POP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Description Most commonly used for receiving Control how a computer transfers files
emails across many email clients. from one system to another over the
Internet.

Purpose Infrastructure that allows remote Companies use FTP to send files
users to connect to the Internet. POP between computers, and websites use
is usually available from an Internet FTP to upload and download files from
Service Provider (ISP) or website servers.
telecommunications service provider

Advantages For e-mail customers, the e-mail is FTP is used to allow the transfer of
downloaded to the computer itself. multiple files and directories, send faster
Allows customers to read messages while than HTTP and has transfer speed.
they're offline.

Disadvantages The entire email folder can get corrupted It can impersonate a server and send data
and the entire mailbox can be lost at once. to random ports on the unintended edge
of your computer.
✓ Network Security protocols

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Description A computer network protocol used to TLS is an encryption protocol that
secure connections between network provides end-to-end communication
application clients and servers over security over networks.
insecure networks such as the Internet.

Purpose In order to maintain a secure internet To maintain a secure connection to the

connection and to protect all Internet and defend all sensitive data sent
confidential data sent between the two between the two systems to prevent
systems, criminals prevent and modify criminals from reading and modifying the
the transferred information such as information transmitted, including
personal data potentially personal data.

Advantages Using SSL guarantees the integrity of As long as website is TLS protected, you
your data. You can use this SSL can consider it trusted. Reliable. This is
certificate to intercept and modify data especially true for retailers and corporate
to and from your web server. websites.

Disadvantages The facts sent should be encrypted via Compared to most other secure encryption
the server. This results in overall methods, TLS offers higher latency.
performance troubles because it Whenever you use TLS, it adds extra delay
consumes more server assets than if the to your site's traffic.
data was not encrypted.
✓ Network management protocols

Simple Network Management Internet Control Message Point (ICMP)

Protocol (SNMP)
Description SNMP is a framework used for Network layer protocol. It is used for
managing devices on the internet. It network layer troubleshooting and is
also presents a set of operations for typically used with network devices,
tracking and handling the internet. including routers.

Purpose To provide a common language for An error reporting protocol used by network
exchanging information with network devices such as routers to generate error
devices such as routers, servers, and messages to the source IP address when a
printers. network problem interferes with the delivery
of IP packets.

Advantages The open protocol ensures that SNMP ICMP provides error control and is often
is not owned by the provider. used for error reporting, sending
Therefore, many providers support management requests, and operational
this protocol. information.

Disadvantages If you want to use SNMP, you need Sending many ICMP packets will increase
an SNMP-enabled device. Therefore, network traffic. Use ICMP error packets. If
network monitoring tools use the redirector adds too many routes to the
different protocols to solve visibility routing table, the performance of the host
problems. will suffer.
✓ Wireless Network protocols

Bluetooth ZigBee
Description Bluetooth is an open wireless technology ZigBee is an open global Wi-Fi
standard for transmitting data over short technology standard.
distances from fixed and mobile electronic
devices.

Purpose To keep a stable Internet connection and Designed to use low-power digital
protect all sensitive data dispatched among radio signals for private area
the two systems networks

Advantages Bluetooth is a dedicated feature available on Zigbee technology provides a high

most devices such as smart phones and level of knot support. A single
tablets. Many of these types of devices with network can support thousands of
Bluetooth show their universal availability. nodes.

Disadvantages Because it uses radio frequencies, the The technology used by Zigbee
security level of Bluetooth is significantly has a low data rate, so the data rate
lower. Hackers can easily access their is also low.
personal data via Bluetooth.
✓ Routing Network protocols

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Description A routing protocol to find The Open Shortest Path First protocol is a
information network path within family of IP routing protocols, the Interior
different networks. Gateway Protocol for the Internet

Purpose A protocol for exchanging routing To convey IP routing information over a

data among adjacent gateway single autonomous system (AS) on IP
nodesin an independent device network.
network.

Advantages Possibility can automatically adjust The OSPF routing protocol has a deep
the topology to redirect traffic. understanding of the network topology
where it allow routers to calculate routes
based on incoming requests.

Disadvantages Requires extra resources such as The OSPF protocol requires a high degree
CPU, memory and connection of knowledge about complex networks and
bandwidth. is not as easy to learn as other protocols.