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MODULE 5 - Physics 2: General Physics 2-Performance Task Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 Subject Teacher

This document provides instructions for building a simple telegraph device at home using common household materials. It describes the materials needed, including wood, nails, wire, batteries, and metal strips. It gives step-by-step procedures to construct both a sender and receiver. The sender uses a metal strip attached to a wood board that makes contact with a battery when pressed down, while the receiver has a coil of wire wrapped around a nail to form an electromagnet attracted to a metal strip when powered. Pressing the sender in code allows sending messages to the receiver using Morse code.

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Janice Caligtan
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12K views

MODULE 5 - Physics 2: General Physics 2-Performance Task Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 Subject Teacher

This document provides instructions for building a simple telegraph device at home using common household materials. It describes the materials needed, including wood, nails, wire, batteries, and metal strips. It gives step-by-step procedures to construct both a sender and receiver. The sender uses a metal strip attached to a wood board that makes contact with a battery when pressed down, while the receiver has a coil of wire wrapped around a nail to form an electromagnet attracted to a metal strip when powered. Pressing the sender in code allows sending messages to the receiver using Morse code.

Uploaded by

Janice Caligtan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5

General Physics 2-Performance Task


Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines
2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 5 – Physics 2 Subject Teacher:

A. INTRODUCTION
The electric telegraph is dev eloped in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse and
other inv entors. I t is one of the most important inv entions in the history of Science,
Technology, and Engineering. I nv ention of the telegraph directly led to the
dev elopment of all digital communications, including computers, fax, the I nternet, e-
mail, and text messaging.
A telegraph is a dev ice for transmitting and receiv ing messages ov er long
distances. I t has tw o main components: a sender and a receiver. I t w orks on basic
principles of electricity and electromagnetism. After accomplishing the prev ious
modules, it is possible for us to construct our ow n simple telegraph at home. Though the
simple telegraph could not be used for long-distance communication, it can
demonstrate how a telegraph w orks applying the principles of electricity and
magnetism.

Figure 1 Figure 2
Fig. 1 show s a picture of the materials needed for the experiment. Fig. 2 on the
right is the schematics of the experiment setup.
When a capacitor is connected to a battery, electrons flow from the negativ e
terminal of the battery, changing the plate X of the capacitor negativ e. Capacitance is
defined as the ratio of the charge Q on either of its plates to the potential difference V
betw een the plates. Capacitance,
I t is also possible that three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2, and C3 are
connected in series w ith a battery that results now to this equation.

When capacitors of capacitance C1, C2, and C3 are connected in parallel to a


battery, the capacitors are charged until the potential differences across the
capacitors are equal to the emf V of the battery. The equiv alent capacitance for a
parallel connection is then:
5
General Physics 2-Performance Task
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines
2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 5 – Physics 2 Subject Teacher:

B. MATERIALS (most of these can be found in your homes)


• 2 Pieces of w ood. (Any kind of w ood w ill be fine.)
Longer w ood (suggested) dimensions: 13” x 4 “
Shorter w ood (suggested) dimensions: 6 “x 4 “
• 9 Small w ood screws or small nails.
• 2 Large iron nails. (about 2-3 inches long.)
Note: I t is important that these be I RON OR STEEL nails. Aluminum and
copper nails w ill not w ork.
• 4 Flat strips of bendable metal.
Three of them should be about 4 inches long by 1 inch w idth.
One should be about 7 inches long by 1 inch w idth.
Note: The long one must be iron-bearing or “ferrous” metal.
• 12ft-20 ft. (or more) of insulated solid electrical w ire (22 – 30 gauge)
The metal part of the w ire should be about 1/64 inch or less in diameter.
Note: The more turns of w ire you can w ind around the nail, the stronger its
magnetism w ill be and the better it w ill w ork.
• 2 1.5 V batteries. (Ev eryday batteries may do)

C. PROCEDURES
Reminder: Be careful not to cut yourself on the edges of the metal strips.
PART A.CONSTRUCTING THE SENDER
1. Screw one of the strips of metal to the smaller piece of w ood so that pushing
dow n on the strip brings the strip into electrical contact w ith the screw that is
mounted under it.
2. Make a battery holder by screw ing tw o of the metal strips to the w ood so
that they can make electrical contact with each end of the lineup of the two
batteries. A rubber-band may be used to maintain pressure on the battery
contacts. Be sure to put the batteries in the holder w ith the positiv e tip of one
battery pushing against the negativ e bottom of the other battery creating
series connection.
3. Connect this screw w ith the negativ e terminal of the battery using 6’’
electrical w ire cut from the 20 ft. electrical w ire you hav e.

PART B. CONSTRUCTING THE RECEIVER


4. Construct an electromagnet by coiling the rest of the electrical w ire around
the first large iron nail. More turns make the magnetic force stronger.
5. Slightly hit the nail into an open side of the w ood. Leav e about 6 inches of
free w ire extending from each end of the nail.
6. The longer iron-bearing strip of metal is screw ed to the w ooden base and
bent so that it extends up and ov er the top of the electromagnet.
5
General Physics 2-Performance Task
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines
2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 5 – Physics 2 Subject Teacher:

7. Create a small hole at the end of the longer metal. I nsert the nail through the
hole and mount it on the w ood. Make sure that the second nail fits the hole
but w ithout touching the metal. The second nail should be higher than the
electromagnet.
Note: The second nail is important because it keeps the strip of metal from
pulling too far aw ay from the electromagnet. I t also serv es to make a
“clacking” sound w hen the strip of metal is released by the magnet and
mov es upw ard.
8. The end of the w ire from the low er end of the nail should be connected to
the positiv e terminal of the battery, w hile the w ire from the upper end of the
nail should be connected to the sender.

PART C. APPLICATION OF THE TELEGRAPH


9. You can now start sending messages using the Morse code mentioned
below . A dot (.) is a quick press-then-release (click-clack) and a dash (-) is a
press-w ait-release (click-pause-clack).
10. Send a secret message to your Physics Teacher through a v ideo or sound
recording using your DI Y telegraph. The message is “PHI62”.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/gatewaysci_09.gif

D. QUESTIONS FOR ANALYSIS


1. Based on the laboratory activity, w hen you pressed the sender metal strip to
touch the screw, it produced a “click” sound. What does this signify?( 2 pts)

2. Why did the metal strip produce a “clack” sound w hen you released the
sender’s strip? What does it mean?( 2pts)
5
General Physics 2-Performance Task
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines
2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

MODULE 5 – Physics 2 Subject Teacher:

3. Why do w e need to coil the electrical wire on the nail before attaching the ends
to the terminals? ( 2pts)

E. DOCUMENTATIONS

- Attach your documentations here w ith appropriate captions. Send your secret
message to your Physics teacher on Canv as, messenger or outlook account.

References:
Alvarez, J. 2019. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: GENERAL PHYSICS 2. Oxford Publishing (Malaysia)
Sdn. Bhd.

Lord, M. 2019. EGFI DREAM UP THE FUTURE: BUILD A TELEGRAPH TAPPER. Retrieved from:
http://teachers.egfi-k12.org/build-a-telegraphtapper/?fbclid

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