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Chapter 7 STPM Sem 2

The document discusses gas exchange and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. It provides information on topics like the chloride shift in red blood cells, the oxygen dissociation curve, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the role of the lungs, blood, and tissues in gas exchange. It also covers concepts such as the Bohr effect, opening and closing of stomata, and adaptations for high altitude living. Multiple choice questions with answers are provided to test understanding of these concepts.

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Keertana Subramaniam
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122 views7 pages

Chapter 7 STPM Sem 2

The document discusses gas exchange and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. It provides information on topics like the chloride shift in red blood cells, the oxygen dissociation curve, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the role of the lungs, blood, and tissues in gas exchange. It also covers concepts such as the Bohr effect, opening and closing of stomata, and adaptations for high altitude living. Multiple choice questions with answers are provided to test understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

Keertana Subramaniam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7 : GAS EXCHANGE

1. Which of the following is the chloride shift in red blood cells?

A Movement of chloride ions from the blood into the glomerular filtrate for excretion.

B Movement of chloride ions into the cell to maintain electrical neutrality.

C Movement of chloride ions into the cell to balance its uptake of hydrogen carbonate ions.

D Movement of chloride ions into the cell to balance the release of hydrogen carbonate ions.

ANSWER : D

2. The following graph shows the oxygen dissociation curve for haemoglobin.

In which part of the mammalian body will haemoglobin experience the percentage of
oxygen saturation as at the points I, II and III?
Vena Left Pulmonary
cava ventricle vein
A I II III

B I III II

C II I III

D III I II

ANSWER : A
3. Which the following statement is not true about haemoglobin?

A. Haemoglobin can act as a pH buffer.

B. Haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chain.

C. Oxygen competes with carbon dioxide to bind to haemoglobin.

D. Haemoglobin has lower affinity to oxygen as compare to mygobin.

ANSWER : C

4. Some babies are born with a hole between the right and left atria. These newly born babies are
found to have more number of red blood cells than normal babies. Suggest a reason for this
increase.

A. More blood is needed because it is pumped faster.

B. There is less oxygen available to the newly born baby.

C. Newly born babies’ haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen.

D. Newly born babies’ haemoglobin molecules only have one haem group

ANSWER : B

5. The scheme illustrates the biochemical reactions for the transport of oxygen and the release of
carbon dioxide in lungs. What are the substances represented by P, Q, R, S, T and U?

P Q R S T U
A Hb HHb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 HCO3-
.
B. HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 HCO3-
C. HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 HCO3- H2CO3 Cl-
D HHb Hb Hb(O2)4 CO2 H2CO3 H2O
.

ANSWER : C

6. What happens during stomatal opening?

A. Potassium ions from the subsidiary cells are pumped into the guard cells
B. Sodium ions from subsidiary cells are pumped into the guard cells
C. Hydrogen ions from the subsidiary cells are pumped into the guard cells
D. The concentration of abscisic acid increases

ANSWER : A

7. The Bohr’s effect is very important to actively respiring cells because

A high carbon dioxide concentration causes faster release of oxygen

B large quantity of ATP is required to facilitate the diffusion of gases

C high rate of glucose oxidation stimulates the secretion of insulin

D low oxygen concentration stimulates the increase in the rate of breathing

ANSWER : A

8. Which graph shows the percentage of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in blood from the
muscle of a person playing badminton?
ANSWER : C

9. What causes the guard cells to open and close?


Guard cells open Guard cells close
A Solute pressure is low in guard cells Solute pressure is high in guard cells
B Solute pressure is high in guard cells Solute pressure is low in guard cells
C High level of abscisic acid in the Low level of abscisic acid in the leaves
leaves
D Eflux of potassium ions from the Influx of potassium ions into the guard
guard cells cells

ANSWER: B

10. The acidity due to the accumulation of H+ in red blood cells is buffered by
A haemoglobin
B plasma proteins
C carbon dioxide
D oxygen.

ANSWER : A

11. The flow chart below shows a series of mechanisms involved in breathing. Determine the
structures X, Y and Z

X Y Z
A Baroreceptor Intercostal muscle Diaphragm
B Strecth receptor Diaphragm Intercostal muscle
C Diaphragm Chemoreceptor Intercostal muscle
D Chemoreceptor Intercostal muscle Diaphragm

ANSWER: D

12. The graph below shows the changes in air volume in the lungs of a man.

His vital capacity is shown by


A K+N B L+M C M D N

ANSWER: D

13. Which statement is not true about opening of stomata in C3 plants?


A It is promoted by blue light and red light
B ATP generated during photophosphorylation is involved
C Potassium ions diffuse out of the guard cells to the subsidiary cells
D The water potential in the guard cells becomes more negative than the subsidiary cells
ANSWER: C

14. What happens when the CO2 level from cellular respiration increases in the blood?
A. The O2 level automatically increases.
B. The pH of the cerebrospinal fluid also increases and is detected by O 2 sensors in arteries
near the heart
C. A decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid triggers the brain’s breathing control centers,
which stimulate diaphragm and rib muscle contractions.
D. Cellular respiration decreases

ANSWER: C

15. The partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood leaving and entering the lungs
are shown in the diagram below.

48mmHg

Which statement is true regarding the gas partial pressures for gas exchange?
A. The PCO2 of the tissue must be less than 45 mm Hg.
B. The PO2 of the tissue must be less than 42 mm Hg.
C. The PO2 of the alveolar air must be less than 105 mm Hg.
D. The PCO2 of the alveolar air must be less than 48 mm Hg.

ANSWER: D

16. Which process in the cyctoplams of red blood cells is catalysed by enzyme?

A. Dissociation of oxyhaemoglobin to release oxygen.

B. Dissociation of carbonic acid into hydrogen carbonate ion and hydrogen ion.

C. Reaction between water and carbon dixode to form carbonic acid in red blood cell.

D. Reaction between carbon dioxide and haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin.

ANSWER: C
17. Which of the followings are the adaptions of people who live in highland area like the
Himalayas?

I. More red blood cell count.

II. Less red blood cell count.

III. Higher affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen.

IV. Lower affinity of haemoglobin towards oxygen.

A. I and III B. I and IV C. II and III D. II and IV

ANSWER: A

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