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It (402) Class 10 Notes Unit 4) Web Application-I

The document discusses computer networks and the history of the Internet. It defines a computer network as a digital telecommunications network for sharing resources between connected computing devices. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, and ring networks. It also defines local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it provides a brief history of the seeds of the Internet being planted with ARPANET in 1969 and its evolution into the commercial Internet we know today.

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Vaibhav Singh
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245 views9 pages

It (402) Class 10 Notes Unit 4) Web Application-I

The document discusses computer networks and the history of the Internet. It defines a computer network as a digital telecommunications network for sharing resources between connected computing devices. It describes common network topologies like bus, star, and ring networks. It also defines local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it provides a brief history of the seeds of the Internet being planted with ARPANET in 1969 and its evolution into the commercial Internet we know today.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class x

Chapter – one
Introduction of Internet
Before start Internet first we know about network
What is computer network ?
A computer network is a digital telecommunications
network for sharing resources between nodes, which
are computing devices that use a common
telecommunications technology. Data
transmission between nodes is supported over data
links consisting of physical cable media, such as twisted
pair or fibre-optic cables, or by wireless methods, such
as Wi-Fi, microwave transmission, or free-space optical
communication.
NETWORK
Network topology
Common network topologies
The physical layout of a network is usually less important than the topology that
connects network nodes. Most diagrams that describe a physical network are
therefore topological, rather than geographic. The symbols on these diagrams
usually denote network links and network nodes.
Network topology is the layout or organizational hierarchy of interconnected
nodes of a computer network. Different network topologies can affect
throughput, but reliability is often more critical. With many technologies, such
as bus networks, a single failure can cause the network to fail entirely. In
general the more interconnections there are, the more robust the network is;
but the more expensive it is to install.
Common layouts are:
A bus network: all nodes are connected to a common medium along this medium.
This was the layout used in the original Ethernet, This is still a common topology
on the data link layer, although modern physical layer variants use point-to-
point links instead.
STAR NETWORK
A star network: all nodes are connected to a special central node name
as HUB . This is the typical layout found in a Wireless LAN, where each
wireless client connects to the central Wireless access point.
Ring Network
A ring network: each node is connected to its left and right neighbour node, such that all
nodes are connected and that each node can reach each other node by traversing nodes
left- or rightwards. The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) made use of such a
topology.
TYPES OF NETWORK
There are mainly three types of network used in computer:-

1. A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects


computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory,
university campus or office building. Similar types of networks
are personal area networks (PANs)
2. A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that
interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of
the size of a metropolitan area. The term MAN is applied to the
interconnection of local area networks (LANs) in a city.
3. A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that
extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose
of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established
with Business, as well as education and government entities use wide
area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and
suppliers from various locations across the world.
History of INTERNET

• The seeds of Internet were planted in 1969, when US army sponsored a


project named ARPANET(Advance Research Projects agency NETwork). The
goal of this project was to connect computers at different universities and
US defense .Soon the enginners , scientists, students and researchers who
were part of this system,began exchanging data and messages on it.
• In mid 1980 another federal agency the National Science Foundation
created a new high speed network called NSFnet which was more
capable than ARPANET.
• The original ARPANET was shut down in 1990 and also government funded
NSFnet also shut on 1995.
• In this time Commercial network services came into picture,which are still
running as INTERNET.
• Today without INTERNET life is not possible.
INTERNET (all globe in a touch or click)

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