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 ^clijStec'sE practical 2Dictionarp

A
PEACTICAL DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
GIVING THE CORRECT

SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS

BASED ON
THE UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY
OF

NOAH WEBSTER,^^
LL.D.
WITH AN
APPENDIX COMPRISING
A PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF BIBLICAL, CLASSICAL, MYTHOLOGICAL,
HISTORICAL, AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROPER NAMES ABBREVIATIONS
;

USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING ARBITRARY SIGNS USED

;

IN WRITING AND PRINTING METRIC SYSTEM OF

;

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, WITH

•
CONVERSION TABLES
EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
NOAH PORTER, D.D., LL.D.
President of Yale College

BY
DORSEY GARDNER
WITH NEARLY FIFTEEN HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS

CHICAGO
THE REILLY & BRITTON CO.
SPRINGFIELD, MASS. G. & C. MERRIAM
: CO.
1906
 LIBRARY of CONGRESS
Two CoDies Received

JUN 27 »906
_--Oopy right Entry

CLASS iA XXc. No.

Copyright, 1884,
By G. & C. MERRIAM & CO.

Copyright, 1906,
Bt G. & C. MERRIAM CO.

Web. Prac. Diet.

Electrotyped by H. O. Houghton and Company,

15—

PEEFAOE.

The purpose of this volume is to supply, in as compact a form as "fe consistent with clearness,
the orthography, pronunciation, and meaning of all English words wliich are liliely to be en-
countered by the general reader or the student. Words of an exclusively technical or scientific
nature are in general omitted, —
both to reserve space for the adequate treatment of words in
general use, and because the limited class of persons who desire information of this kind would in
any case refer to encyclopedias or glossaries devoted to an especial field.
Although the book is small, it will be found to contain a more copious vocabulary and fuller
definitions of the essential words, than many dictionaries of greater bulk. The illustrations, which
have been proftisely used wherever they could aid the imderstanding of the subject, will be found
in many cases to afford a clearer explanation than could be given by the use of words.
Arrangement of Words. —
The great condensation of the book is due in part to the exclusion
of definitions of derived words, which are in fact self-explanatory as soon as the root-word is
thoroughly defined. For instance, under the vocabulary word Blame (p. 38), Blamable is de-
fined, but not Blamableness or Blamably ; Blameless, but not Blamelessly or Blameless-
ness ; Blameworthy, but not Mameworthiness the words, however, are given also their
: ;

pronunciation is invariably indicated by accents, or by respelling when necessary so also is the ;

part of speech, by the conventional signs uniformly employed. —

But the principal saving of space
is due to the system of referring words, formed upon a common prefix, to the first of these words
which occurs alphabetically ; explaining there the prefix fully and once for all. For example,
the inseparable prefix In-, having a negative force, is fully accounted for in its regular alphabet-
ical place ; its euphonic changes (into i- before gn- ; il- before I- ; im- before and p ; and ir- m
before r-) are described and then reference is made to the five vocabulary words under which,
—
;

8ucti formatives are grouped : viz. :

Ignoble, covering 13 words, and occupying | of a column.

niandable, covering 20 words, and occupying | of a column.
Immaculate, covering 132 words, and occupying 3 columns.
Inability, covering 415 words, and occupying lOJ- columns.
Irrational, covering 34 words, and occupying 1| columns.

Total 614 words, occupying 14| columns.

In the Unabridged Dictionary the corresponding words, as ascertained by measurement, fill 147"
of its much ampler columns and ;
—
by reason of the strictly alphabetical arrangement of that
—
work extend over 65 pages words of different derivation being of course intermingled with
(

them), as against 7 J pages of Wis volume.

Another similar economy, which has effected the saving of much space, is illustrated by the
following entry (p. 32) :
—
Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as besprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often has
the meaning to make, and transforms them into verbs : thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim, to make a
fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of by, as Beside. For words beginning with Be- not foim.d in this vo-
cabulary, see the original word : thus, for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc.

A like saving has been effected in the case of many of these prolific prefixes. Thus, Se-, with
its form Red-, having been accounted for (p. 335), the generality of words sb constructed aro:
IV PREFACE.
disposed of by the note " It may be prefixed to almost any verb and many substantives, the word
:

so formed being usually self-explanatory." Still, when a diEEerence in either pronunciation or

meaning has taken place, both forms are given and defined for instance, Rec^ollect' and Re-
:

collect' are combined in a single paragraph (p. 337), as being of identical derivation but their;

widely divergent meanings are adequately defined ; while their primitive meaning is left to be
sought under Collect.
System of Grouping. — A saving similar to that made by associating words having the same
prefix has been accomplished by consolidating into one paragraph words derived from the same
root, provided they have the same initial letter. Thus, under the noim Air (p. 10) are given,
first, the direct derivatives, the verb, To Air, the noun Airing, adjective Airy, adverb Airily,

noun Airiness then follow, alphabetically, the derived compounds

;
—
viz. Alr'batll, -bed,
:

-bladder, etc., — of which there are 16 and the result is that 21 words are adequately accounted
;

for in 42 lines, although a space equal to 5 of these lines is given to an illustration showing the
construction of an Air-pump whereas the corresponding words occupy just 200 lines of the broader
;

columns of the Unabridged. Again, under Water (p. 499), this book covers 49 words in 190 lines,
or about 2 Columns, including 6 illustrations while in the Unabridged the word and its deriva-
;

tions fill 7| columns, or 837 lines. — It must be explained, however, that, while words of identical
etymology have been thus systematically grouped, great care has been taken to indicate the dif-
ference between words having the same spelling and pronunciation, but a different etymology.
Thus, on page 399, there are 4 separate paragraphs headed Sound, both the meaning and origin
of these words and their derivations being totally distinct. There are also 3 entirely different
words, Smack (p. 392), yet of the same pronunciation. This point is dwelt upon because, in many
elaborate dictionaries, words from totally different sources and of dissimilar meanings have been
grouped as if they were of identical origin — which is hopelessly confusing to a student of the
language. — It should, however, be understood that only words having the same initial letter are
thus associated but reference is made to cognate words, if they begin with a different prefix or
;

oompound, so as to show their common origin, however widely they may be separated alphabeti-
cally. For instance, the paragraph Stand (p. 410) includes 20 words and phrases which fall al-
phabetically under stand- ; and these fill but 55 lines, or about two thirds of a column. To trace
out the significance of this group of allied words, the student should examine each of them,
with its derivatives. For example, in the case of Stand, its derivatives Understand, Under-
standing, etc., are grouped among the 67 words associated under the leading word Under; as
are Withstand, etc., under With. By this system many pages have been saved in the aggregate.
While words have been thus grouped in accordance with their etymologies, the etymologies
themselves have necessarily been omitted, in order to secure the extreme brevity of the work.
Those who desire the etymologies will find them given, with a fullness not sought in much
"bulkier works, in the slightly larger Condensed Dictionary of the English Language, of which the
present volume is an abridgment.
Pronunciation. —The marks indicating pronunciation have been made as few and as simple as
is consistent with clearness and precision. The leading word of each paragraph is respelled pho-
netically ; but subsequent words within the paragraph are respelled only in instances where the
pronunciation changes, or where for any reason it might be doubtful.* —
An unmarked vowel,
followed by a consonant in the same syllable, is short (as am, end, in, odd, sun) an unmarked
:

vowel forming a syllable by itself, or ending a syllable, is long, or has its name sound (as a, be,
di-al, no, fu-el, by) but a, not under the accent, forming or ending a syllable, has a brief sound
;

of a in. far, or in some cases a brief sound of long a in fate. Vowel sounds which are not thus ex-
plained by their position, also the sounds of such consonants as have more than one sound, are
marked in accordance with the key-line at the foot of each two adjoining pages. The diacritical
marks there employed are self-explanatory, with the exception of that which designates the nasal
sound illustrated in the key-line by the French word 6on&on. This n indicates that the preceding
vowel is nasal, but care should be taken that the back part of the tongue is not pressed against
the palate as is done in producing the English ng. For example, in making the French sound
* Where alternative pronunciations are given for the leading word, the choice between them is understood
to apply to the subsequent words in the paragraph, unless these are otherwise marked. For instance, in the
paragraph Retroact (p. 348), the pronunciation of the first two syllables of all words in the paragraph may
he either re^tro- or rSt^ro-.
 PREFACE. Y
ON we may proceed as if about to say ong (as in song), but stop before the souud ng is produced*
Similarly the other French nasal vowels can be produced.
For the sake of brevity, the second part of a compoimd word in the body of a paragraph is nofc
respelled, if its true pronunciation is given in its alphabetical place in the vocabulary thus, in
:

the paragraph Sheep (p. 379), the compounds Sheep-walk, Sheep's-eye, are presumed to require
no respelling, since the few persons unaware of the pronunciation of the second word in the com-
pound can seek it in its own place in the vocabulary. But in cases where there is a deviation,
from the soimd of the original word, this is indicated by respelling, —
as in House^^ife, under the
vocabulary word House (p. 183). —
In the large class of verbs and verbal adjectives spelled alike
and terminating in -ate (as Degenerate, Dltlicate, Elaborate), the attempt has not been made
to mark the different quantity of the a in the final syllable, which is always given its long sound,
as found in the verb but, in fact, it has a less prolonged sound in the adjectives, derived adverbs,
;

and abstract nouns —

approximating or falling into that of short e.
The editor's thanks are due to Mr. Zenas W. Bliss, of The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., for
many valuable suggestions and criticisms made while the book was passing through the press
under his critical eye.

The Api>endi2E' — After the conclusion of the vocabulary, there is given an Appendix, which
contains :
—
I. A Pronouncing Vocabulary of Biblical, Classical, Mythological, Historical, and Geographical

Proper Names.
II. Abbreviations used in Writing and Printing.
III. Arbitrary Signs used in Writing and Printing.
IV. Metric System of Weights and Measures.

Most of these sections require no explanation. But of the one devoted to proper names in- —
cluding those which occur in Biblical, Classical, Egyptian, Hindoo, Modern, and Norse history
and literature —
the editor may explain that, after much inquiry, he was unable to find that such
a collection had ever been made. Accordingly, starting upon the foimdation of the Classical and
Biblical vocabularies of Webster's Unabridged, and gathering from a variety of sources the names
which occur in other literatures, he formed the consolidated Pronouncing Vocahulary of Proper
Names (pp. 521-620). In this, the origin and pronunciation of all proper names which the reader
is likely to encounter are indicated by the same system of marking employed in the body of the

book.
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WOEK.

a adiective. Fort Fortification. pass passive.

abbr abbreviated. fr from. Fatkol Pathology.
•abl ablative. freq frequentative. perh perhaps.
ace accusative. Jut future. pers person.
adv adverb. vert pertaining.
Agric Agriculture. Galv Galvanism. Philos Philosophy.
Alg Algebra. gen generally, genitive. Photog Photography.
Am., Aiiier America, American. Geog Geograpny. Phren Phrenology.
Anat Anatomjr. Geol Geology. Physiol Physiology.
Antiq Antiquities. Geom Geometry. pi plural.
.oor aorist. Gram Grammar. Poet Poetry, poetical.
<ippl applied to. Pol Polish.
Arch Architecture. Her Heraldry. Polit. Econ Political Economy
Arith Arithmetic. Hist History. p.p participle past.
Astrol Astrology. Hort Horticulture. p. pr participle present.
Astron Astronomy. pref. prefix.
Ichth Ichthyology. prep preposition.
Bib Biblical. i.e id est (that is). pret preterit.
Bot Botany. imp imperfect. Print Printing.
incep)t inceptive. priv privative.
Cm-p Carpentry. inf. infinitive. prob probably.
Cf. Confer (compare). intens intensive. pron pronunciation, pro-
Ctiem Chemistry. interj interjection. nounced pronoun ;

Civ Civil. prop properly.

CoUoq. , coll Colloquial, colloqui- Join Joinery. Pros Prosody.
ally. Prov Provincial.
Com Commerce, Com- lit literally.
mon. q. V quodvide(v,'hich.see)
camp compound, com- m, masculine.
pounded. Much Machinery. Rhet Rhetoric.
<:ompar comparative. Mar Maritime. Rom Roman.
Conch Conchology. 3Iath Mathematics. R. Cath Roman CathoUc.
conj conjunction. Mech Mechanics. RR Railroads.
contr contracted, contrac- Med Medicine. Russ Russ.
tion. Metal Metallurgy.
corresp. corresponding to. Metaph Metaphysics. S Saxon, South.
corrupt corrupted, corrup- Meteor Meteorology. Scot . Scotland, Scottish.
tion. Mil Military. Script. ., Scripture, scriptural
Min Mineralogy. Sculp Sculpture.
dat dative. Mvs Music. sing singular.
dial dialect. Myth Mythology. s.rt..'. from the same rootas
-dim diminutive. siiperl. superlative.
disting distinguished,as dis- iV. New, North. Surg Surgery. ,

tinguished from. n noun. Surv Purveying.

Nat. Hist Natural History.
M English, East. Naut Nautical. term termination.
Eccl Ecclesiastical. neut neuter. ITieol Theology.
JEccl. Mist Ecclesiastical His- Numis Numismatics. Trans Translation.
tory. Ty23og Typography.
e. g exempli gratia (for O Old.
example). Obs Obsolete. J7. S .'
United States.
JSlec Electricity. Onomat Onomatopoetic,
I!ng England, English. named from its V verb.
Engin Engineering. sound. vb. n verbal noun.
Entom Entomology. Opt Optics. v.i verb intransitive.
equiv equivalent. orig original, originally. v.t verb transitive.
esp especially. Omith Ornithology.
^tym etymology. W Welsh, West.
p participle.
/". feminine. p. a participial adjective, Zool Zoology.
Eig Figurative, figura- Faint Painting.
tively. Paleon Paleontology. = egualto, thesameaa
 PRACTICAL DICTIONARY
OF

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

ABIETIW
A. An adjective, commonly called the indefinite arti- Abbreviate, ab-bre'vt-at, v. t. To make shorter ; to
cle,and signifying one or any, but less emphati- reduce by contraction or omission; to abridge.—
cally: it is a contraction of the Anglo-Saxon an, one, Abbre'via'tlon, n. Act of abbreviating the form ;

and is used before words beginning with a consonant to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction
—A
1, a-wun. An underwriter's or omission. ( J/ws.) A dash through the stem of a
sound. See An.
registry mark
for seaworthy vessels of the first or note, dividing it into quavers, semi-quavers, etc.
—
highest class, inferior grades being indicated by A 2, Abbre'viator, -ter, n. One who, etc. Abbre'via- —
A2i, etc.; first-rate; prime. tory, a. Abbreviating shortening. Abbre'via-
;
—
Abacfc, a-bak'', adv. {Naut.) Backward, as of sails ture, -chur, n. An abridgment ; compend.
caught in reverse by a change of wind. Taken — Abdicate, ab'dt-kat, v. t. To give up right or elaira
aback. Taken by surprise, unexpectedly baffled. to to withdraw from to relinquish, as sovereign
Abacas, ab''a-kus, n. A
calculating-frame with sliding
;

authority. — Abdica'tion,
;

n. Act of, etc. — Ab'-

counters, for compu- dicative, Causing, or implying abdication.
-tiv, a.
ting. {Arch.) The up- Abdomen, ab-do'men, w. {Anat.) The belly. {Entoni.y
per plate upon the cap- The posterior of the sections' into which the body is
ital of a column, sup- divided.— Abdom'inal, a. Pert, to, etc. n. Fish» —
porting the architrave. -coeEieoeeoa like salmon, etc., with ventral fins back of the pec-
— Ab'acist, -sist, w. toral. —Abdom'inous, -nus, a. Having a big belly.
One who computes by Abduce, ab-dus' [abduced (-dust''), -ducing]. Ab-
Abacus. duct, -dukf, V. t. To take away by stealth or by-
an abacus.
Abaft, a-baff, prep. {Naut.) Towards the stern —
unlawful force. Abduc'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a car-
from back rying away, esp. of a person, by fraud, stealth, or
; of.
Abalienate, ab-aKyen-at, v. t. {Law.) To transfer force. —Abduc'tor, n. One who, etc. {Anat.) A
the title of. muscle which draws a part from the median line of
Abandon, a-ban'dun, v. t. [abandoned ('-ban^'dund), the body. —
AbdU''cent, -sent, a. Separating; draw-
-DONING.] To
give up wholly and finally; to relin- ing back. ^ ^ .

—
,

Abeam, a-bem'', ac/w. {Naut.) On the beam at right

,

quish, forsake, forego. Aban'doned, -dund, p. a. ;

Given up entirely, as to a vice ; depraved ; repro- angles to the keel.

bate. —
Aban'donee', -dun-e', n. {Law.) One to Abecedarian, a'be-se-da''rY-an, n. One who teacher
whom a thing is abandoned. Aban''doner, n. One — or who learns the A, B, C, or letters of the alphabet.
who, etc. —
Aban^'donment, n. Act of, or state of Abed, a-bed'', adv. In bed on the bed.
being, etc. desertion. —
Abandon, a-baN-dSN'', n. Aberrance, ab-er^'ans, n. Deviation from rectitude..
;

—
;

Complete_absorption in some object or emotion. Aber'''rant, a. Straying from right; exceptional;

Abase, a-bas', v. t. [abased (-basf), abasing.] To abnormal. —
Aberra'tion, n. Act of wandering, esp-
bring low, as to the ground; to cast down, degrade. from truth or moral rectitude, or from the natural
— Abase'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. state. {Med.) Partial alienation of mind. {Astron.y
Abash, a-bash', v. t. [abashed (-bashf), abashing.] A small periodical change of position in a heavenly
To strike with sudden shame or fear ; to confuse, body.
confound. —
Abash'' ment, n. Confusion from shame. Abet, a-bet'', v. t. To encourage, aid, further ;
—
Abate, a-baf, v. t. To bring down or reduce to a '
used chiefly in a bad sense. {Law.) To encourage
lower state, number, degree, etc.; to diminish; les- to commit a crime. —
Abet''ment, n. Act of abetting^
sen. {Law.) To cause to fail, as a writ; to destroy, support. — Abet''ter, -tor, -er, n. One who, etc. ; an
as a nuisance.— v. i. To decrease, become less in accomplice accessary.
;

strength, subside; to fail, as a writ.. Abate^ment, n. — Abeyance, a-ba''ans, n. State of suspension, or tem-
Act of abating deduction mitigation discount.
; ; porary extinction with the expectation of revival.
—
;

— Abat'able, a. Abat'er, -or, -er, n. Abhor, ab-h6r'', v. t. [abhorred (-h6rd'), -horring.

—
Abatis, Abattis, ab'a-tis, or ab-a-te'', n. {Fort.) A row To regard with horror to dislike or hate ex- ;

of sharpened branches of trees turned outward for tremely to detest. —

Abhorrence, -h5r''rens, n.
—
;

defense. Great hatred. Abhor'rent, a. Detesting; contrary;

Abattoir, ab-at-war', n. A slaughter-house. repugnant; —
with to. —
Abhorrer, -h6r''er, n. One
Abbot, ab'but, n. The head of a society of monks who, etc.
governor of an abbey. —
Ab''bacy, -st, n. The con-
;

Abide, a-bid', v. i. [abode (-bed''), abiding.] To con-

dition or privileges of, etc. Ab'bess, n. The gov- — tinue in a place; to dwell; to continue firm or stable.
erness of a nunnery.— Ab'^bey, -bt, n. ; pi. Ab'beys. — V. t. To endure or bear; to await firmly. Abid''- —
A residence of monks or nuns; monastery; a church er, n. One who abides. —
Abode'', n. Place of resi-
attached to a monastery. —
Abbi, ab'ba, n. Orig. an dence; dwelling.
abbot now an ecclesiastic without charge, devoted
; Abietin, -tinOj a-bi''e-tin, M. {Chem.) resinous sub- A
to teaching, literature, etc. stance obtained from turpentine.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
sQn, cQbe, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ;linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ABIGAIL ABSORB
Abigail, ab''T-gal, n. lady's waiting-maid. A Above, a-buv', prep. Higher in place than superior
Ability, a-bil'T-tl, n. Power to act, whether physical, to. —
adv. Overhead in a higher place before in
;

moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal might ; ; order of place; higher in rank or power. Above'-
;

—
;

talunt; efficiency. board, -bOrd, adv. Not concealed; openly.— Above'-

Abiogenesis, ab'l-o-jen''e-sis, Abiogeny, -oj'e-nY, n. ground. Alive not interred.
Production of lite from inorganic matter. Abiog'- — Abracadabra, ab'ra-ka-dab'-
;

.„„.p.T^iRR.
enist, n. A believer in, etc.
Abirritate, ab-ir'rl-tat, {Med.) To diminish the
v. t.
sensibility of; to debilitate. — Abir'nta'tive, -tiv, a.
ra, n. A cabalistic word, ^^
formerly used as a charm,
n a Wa
.„„.„. t^. „
t> a A
arranged in the form of a '^,^//,*^^ °
Wanting in irritation; debilitated. Abir^rita'tion, — trians^le
abkacada ,

n. Wantof strength. Abrade, a-brad', v. t. To '*'.^„V.*^/

Abject, ab'jekt, a. Sunk to a low condition ; mean;
worthless; groveling. n. —
One in a miserable state.
rub or wear off. —Abra'-
dant, n. That which
A„.„
abeac
— Abjec'tion, n. Meanness of spirit baseness. — abrades; esp. powder used A B R A
—
;

Ab^'jectly, adv. Ab'jectness, n. in grinding and polishing. A B K

Abjudicate, ab-joo'di-kat, v. t. To give away in judg-
— — Abra'sion, -zhun, n. A A B
A
ment. Abjudica'tion, n. Act of, etc. rubbing or scraping oif
Abjure, ab-joor'', v. 1. abjured (-joord''), -jueing.] To
1
substance worn oil: by attrition.
renounce under oath, or with solemnity. Abjur^er, —
n. One who,etc. —
Abjura'tlon, n. Act of, etc.—
Abjur''atory, a. Containing abiuration.
Ablative, ab-'la-tiv, a. ( Gram.) Applied to the 6th by using fewer words ; to deprive, cut off —with ;

case of Latin nouns, in which words signifying car- of. {Math.) To reduce to a more simple expression.
rying away or taking from, are used. — Abridgement, A
shortening or diminution ;
n.
Ablaut, ab'lcwt, n. A change of the root-vowel in a restriction a work abridged or epitomized sum-
word, —
esp. to denote change of tense in a^erb, of mary; synopsis.
; ;

number in_a noun, etc.: us, yet, gat, got ; man, men. Abroach, a-broch', adv. Broached letting out ;

Ablaze, a^blaz', adv. In a blaze; highly excited. liquor in a state to be diffused.

;

Able, a^'bl, a. [abler ablest.] Having ability of

; Abroad, a-brawd'', adv. At large unconfined; out ;
any kind possessing sufficient power, means, skill,
; of a house or other inclosure; in foreign countries.
etc., to accomplish some end; qualified; efficient; ef- Abrogate, ab'ro-^at, v. t. To annul by an authori-
fective. —
Ably, a'blt, ady. A'ble-bodied, -bod'id, — tative act to abolish ; revoke repeal. Abroga'- ; ; —
a. Having a sound, strong bgdy robust. ; tion, n. Act of, etc. Ab'rogative, -tiv, a. Tend- —
Ablepsy, ab^'^lep-sT, n. Want of sight; blindness. ing to, etc.
Ablution, ab-lu'^shun, n. Act of cleansing or wash- Abrupt, ab-rupf, a. Broken steep sudden un- ; ; ;

ing religious purification

; water used in cleans- ; connected.— Abrupfly, ac/i'. Abrup-'tion, n. — A
ing. —
Ab'luent, a. Cleansing purifying. n. ; — sudden breaking otf violent separation of bodies. ;

(Med.) A puriher of the blood; a detergent. — Abrupfness, n. Steepness suddenness great

Abnegate, ab'nc-gat, v. t. To deny and reject. Ab- — haste.
; ;

nega'tion, n. Denial and renunciation. Abnega'- — Abscess, abe'ses, n. A collection of pus or purulent
tor, -ter, n. One wh(5, etc. matter in an accidental cavity of the body.
Abnormal, ab-n6r''mal, a. Contrary to rule, law, or Abscind, ab-sind', v. t. To cut off. Abscission, —
system; irregular. — Abnormality, -nor'mity, n. -sizh'un, n. A
cutting off. {Rhet.) A figure of
State or quahty of being, etc.; irregularity; deform- speech, by which the speaker stops abruptly, as sup-
ity. —Abnor'mably, -mally, adv. posing the matter sufficiently understood.
Aboard, a-bord', adv. In a vessel; on board. prep. Absciss, ab'sis, n.; pi. Abscisses, ab'sis-ez. Ab-
On boardof scissa, -sis'sa, »i. Lat. Absciss.i^:, -sis'se, Eng.
; pi.
Abode, a-bod''. See under Abide. Abscis'sas, -saz. One ol tlie elements of
(Geom.)
Abolish, a^boKish, v. t. [abolished (-boKisht), -ish- reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred
ING.] To do away with utterly; to put an end to, to a system of fixed rectilineal coordinate axes.
destroy, make void, annul. Abol'ishable, a. Ca- — Abscond, ab-skond', v. i. To secrete one's self; to
pable of being, etc. —
AboKisher, n. One who, etc. —
decamp ; used esp. of persons, evading legal pro-
— Abolishment, n. Act of, etc. Abolition, — cess. —Abscond'er, n. One who, etc.
-lish'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. a doing ; Absent, ab'sent, a. Withdrawn from, or not pre.sent
—
away with forever. esp. of slavery.—Abolitionism, in, a place: inattentive to what is passing. —Ab'-
-lish''un-izm, n. The principles or measures of an sence, n. A
being absent; want; inattention to tilings
abolitionist. —
Aboli'tionist, n. One who favors present. Ab'sently, «<;/«;. In an absent manner:
abolition, —
esp. of slavery. Aboli'tionize, -iz, v. t. — with the thoughts elsewhere. —Absent', v. t. To
To imbue with the principles of the abolitionists. take or withdraw to such a distance as to pi-event in-
Abomasum, ab-o-ma'sum, -ma'^sus, n. The fourth tercourse. —
Absentee', n. One who absents himself
stomach of a ruminant animal. from his country, office, post, duty, etc., esp. a land-
Abominate, a-bom'T-nat, v. t. To turn from, as omi- holder who lives away from his estate. — Absentee'-
nous of evil; to detest, abhor. Abom'inable, -na-bl. — ism, n. State or habit of an absentee. -Absenfer,
a. Execrable: hateful; shocking. Abom'inably, — n. One who absents himself.
adv. — Abom'ina'tion, n. Act of abominating an ; Absinthe, ab'sinth, n. cordial of A brandy tinc-
object of disgust. tured with wormwood.
Aboriginal, ab-o-rij'Y-nal, a. First original; primitive. Absolute, ab'so-lut, a. Freed from any limitation or
— n. First or original inhabitant. Aborig'^ines, — condition; uncontrolled; arbitrary; unlimited; un-
-nez, n. pi. The original inhabitants of a country. conditioned; finished; perfect: total; complete.—
Abort, a-b6rt'', v. i. To miscarry in birth. Abor'- — Ab'solutely, adv. In an absolute manner posi- :

tion, n. Act of miscarrying an immature product ; tively arbitrarily.

;
—
Ab'soluteness, n. -Quality of
of conception; anything which fails to come to ma- being absolute completeness; arbitrary power.
turity. —
Abor'tive, -tiv, «. Immature; ineffectual;
;

Ab'solutism, n. Absolute government or its prin-

pert, to or causing abortion. Abor'tively, adr. — ciples.— Ab'solutist, n. An advocate of absolutism.
Abor''tiveness, n. —
Abor'ticide, -sTd, n. One wlio — Ab'solutist'ic, a. Belonging to absolutism.
destroys, or the act of destroying, the life of a fetus Absolve, ab-solv', v. t. [absolved (-solvd'), -solv'-
before birth feticide. ; iNc;.] To set free or release from, as from obligation,
Abound, a-bownd', v. i. To be in great plenty to be debt, responsibility, penalty, etc. to exonerate, ac- ;

—
;

prevalent to possess in abundance, usually with quit. — Absolu'tion, n. (Civ. Law.) An acquittal.
;

— —
in or with. Abun'dance, n. Overflowing fullness;
plenty; riches. -Abun'dant, a. Fully sufficient;
(Rom. Cath. Church.)
utory, a. Absolving.
remission of sin. Absol-
Absolv'er, w. One who, etc.—A
exuberant ample. ; —
Abun^dantly, adv. — Absolv'able, a. Capable of being, etc. Absolv'- —
About, a-bowt', prep. Around surrounding near; atory, a. That absolves.
concerning on the point of.
; adv. Around here — ; ;

; Absorb, ab-sbrb', v. t. [absorbed (-s6rbd''), -sorb-

and there'5 nearly. iNQ.) To drink in, suck up, imbibe as a sponge.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — ;

ABSTAIN ACCIDENT
swallow up, or overwhelm to engross whollv. ;
— Acanthi. {Arch.) An
Absorb'able, a. Capable of being, etc.— Absorb'ent, ornament resembling
a. Sucking up imbibing.
; n. A sub.stance or a — the foliage or leaves of
bodily organ which absorbs. Absorp'tion, n. Act — the acanthus, as in
or process of being absorbed and made to disappear; Corinthian capitals.
engrossment or occupation of mind. Absorp'tive, — (Bot.) A genus of
-tiv, a. Havijig power to absorb. Absorptiv'ity, n. — iierbaceous prickly
AbBtaJn, ab-stan', v. i. [abstained (-stand'^), -stain- — Acantbaceous,
I)lants.
ing.] To forbear, or refrain, voluntarily esp. ; -tha'shus, a. Armed
from indulgence of passions or appetites. ~v.t. 1 o with prickles, as a plant.
hinder; to withhold from. Ab'stinence, n. The — — Acan ' thocar'poua,
act or practice of abstaining. Ab'stinent, a. Re- — -kar'pus, a. (Bot.) Acanthus.
fraining from indulgence; temperate. Having the fruit covered with spines. Acan'tho- —
Abstemious, ab-ste'ml-us, a. Sparing in the free use ceph-'alan, -sef 'a-lan, n. (Zo'61.) A .species of intes-
of food and strong drinks; temperate. Abste'^mi- — tinal worm, having its proboscis armed with sjiines.
ously, adv. —
Abste'miousDess. n. — Acan^'thopod, n. (Zool.) A
species of iiisi ct hav-
Absterge, ab-sterj', v. t. [absterged (-sterjd'), ing spinv legs. —
Acanthopodious, -po'df-us, a.
-STEKGING.] To make clean by wiping; to cleanse (Bot.) Having spinous petioles. Acanthop'teryg'-—
—
by lotions, etc. Abster''geiit, a. Serving to cleanse; ious, -te-rij-'T-us, a. — applied to an
Thorny-finned,
——Abster'sion,
detergent. Absterse'', To cleanse by
-sters'', v.
i. order of fishes.
wiping. -shun, n. Act of, etc. — Acatalectic, a-kat-a-lek'tik, a. (P7-os.) ISTot defective;
Abster''sive, -siv, a. Having the quality of cleans- — said of a verse \\itich has the complete number of
ing. syllables.
Abstract, ab-strakt', v. t. To draw from or separate Acataleptic, a-kat-a-lep'tik, a. Incapable of being
to epitomize or reduce; to purloin. Ab'stract, a. — certainly comprehended.
Distinct from something else; separate; withdrawn Acauline, a-kaw'lin, Acau'lous, -lus, a. Having no
from the concrete, or from particulars difficult ; stem, but flowers resting on tlie ground.
abstruse; refined. —w. A
summary, or epitome; an Accede, ak-sed', v. i. To agree or assent; to become a
abridgment. —Abstracfed, p. a. Separated: absent party, by agreeing to terms of a treaty or conven-
in mind. —Abstractedly, Ab'stractly, arfv. By it- tion. — Access, ak-ses' or ak-'ses, n. coming to ; A
self; in a separate state. —
Abstract'edness, n. State near approach admittance the wav by which a
; ;

of being abstracted. —
Abstrac'tion, n. Act of ab- thing may be approached; increase; addition. Ac- —
stracting or separating, or state of being separated; ces'sory, -sary, a. Accompanying connected as a
act of considering separately what is united in a subordinate. n. — Something connected as a sub-
;

complex object; an abstract or theoretical notion; a ordinate. (Law.) One who is implicated in a felo-
purloining. —
Abstract'^ive, a. Having the power nious offense, though not present at its perpetration.
of abstracting. —
Ab'stractness, n. State of being [The spelling accessanj is generally preferred in the
abstract. _ law sense.] —
Accessorial, -so'rl-al, a. IPert. to an
Abstruse, ab-stroos', a. Midden hard to be under- ; accessory. —
Acces'sorily, adv. —
Acces'soriness, n.
stood. — Abstruse'ly, rtt/v. Not plainly; darkly.— — Acces'sible, a. Easy of access or approach. —
Abstruse' ness. n. Acces'sibil'ity, ?;. —
Acces'sion, -sesh'un, n. Act of
Absurd, ab-serd', a. Obviously inconsistent with accedingand becoming joined; increase; tliat which
reason or common sense foolish preposterous ;
; is added. (Law.) A mode of acquiring property,
ridiculous. —
Absurd^ity, n. Anything absurd.
;

by which the owner has a right to certain additions

Absurd 'ness, «. —
Absurd'ly, adv. or improvements. Act of arriving at a throne, an
Abundance. See under Abound. office, or dignity. (Med.) The commencement of a
Abuse, a-buz'', v. t. [abused (-buzdOi abusixg.] disease.
To make ill use of; to misuse: to treat rudely; to Accelerate, ak-sel'er-at, v. t. To quicken the motion
maltreat; to revile. —
Abuse, a-bus', n. Ill use; a or action of-; to hasten, expedite. —
Acceleration,
corrupt practice or custom rude language re- ; ; -a'shun, n. A
hastening. —
Accel'erative, -tiv, Ac-
proach: insult. —
Abu'sive, -siv, a. Employing or ceKeratory, a. Quickening. — Accelerator, -ter, n.
containing abuse: scurrilous; opprobrious nusap- One who, or that which, etc.
plied. — Abu'sively, adv. —
Abu'siveness, n.
;

Accent, ak'sent, n. Superior force of voice upon

Abut, a-buf, v. i. To terminate or border; to be one or more syllables of a word a mark used in
contiguous. —
Abufment, n. That on which a thing writing to indicate this stress; a peculiar modulation
:

abuts. iArch.) The solid support of a bridge, etc., at of the voice. (Miis.) A slight stress upon a tone to
the end. —
Abut'tal, n. The butting or boundary mark its position in the measure. (Math.) mark A
of land. upon a letter or number, to distinguish magnitudes
Abyss, a-bis'', n. A
bottomless gulf; hell, or the bot- of similar kind, but differing in value. Accent, —
tomless pit. — Abysmal, a-biz'mal, a. Bottomless; ak-senf, v. t. To express or note the accent of; to
unending. —
Abyssal, -bis'al, a. Belonging to, or pronounce or mark with, etc. Accent'ual, a. Re-—
resembling, an abyss. —Abys'sic, a. (,GeoV) Pert, lating to, etc. —
Accent 'uate, v. t. To mark or pro-
to an abyss, esp. to strata wliich formed the bottom nounce with, etc.; to bring prominentl3' into notice;
of a deep sea. to make conspicuous. —
Accentua'tion, n. Act of
Acacia, a-Ka'shT-a, n. (Bot.) genus of leguminous A placing accents in writing, or of giving accent to
trees and shrubs, usually with thorns and pinnate them. (Eccl.) Pitch and modulation of the voice
leaves. in reading parts of the liturgy.
Acacio, a-ka'shY-o, n. A
heavy wood of the same Accept, ak-sepf, v. t. To receive with a consenting
family with the red mahogany. mind to admit and agree to. (Com.) To receive as
;

Academy, a-kad'e-mT, n. A garden near Athens obligatory, and promise to pay. Accepfable, a. —
(named from Academus) where Plato taught; hence, Worthy, or sure of being accepted pleasing to a
Plato's school of philosophy a kind of higher ; receiver agreeable welcome. —
Accept'' ableness,
;

—
;

—
;

school or seminary an institution for the promo-

; -abil'ity, n. Acceptably, adv. Acceptance,
tion of art or science. —
Academ'ic, -ical, a. Of or n. Favorable reception. (Cbm.) An assent and
relating to a higher institution of learning. Aca- — enMgement to pay a bill of exchange when due; the
dem'ic, n. A
follower of Plato; a student in a col- bill itself when accepted. (Law.) An agreeing to
lege, university, etc. — Academ^ics, n.
(Met.) The the act or contract of anotlier. Accepfant, n. —
Platonic philosophy. —
Academ'ically, adv. Ac'- — —
One who accepts. Accepta'^tion, n. Aleaning or
ademi''cian, -mish''an, n. member of an acad- A sense. —
Accept'er, n. A
person who accepts, esp.
emy, or learned society, esp., of the French Acad- one who accepts a bill of exchange.
emy. Access. See under Accede.
Acaleph, ak-'a-lef, n. (Zool.) A radiate marine animal; Accident, ak'sT-dent, n. An unexpected event; cas-
a jelly-fish; a sea-nettle; —
so called from its sting- ualtj'; contingency, pi. (Gram.) Tlic properties
ing power. and qualities of the parts of speech. (Log.) An unes-
Acuithus, a-kan''thu8, n. ; pi. Eng. Acanthuses, Lat. sential property or quality. —
Accidental, a. Hap-
sJin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNbox, chair, get.
 — — ; — ;

ACCIPITER ACETIC
peninj by chance, or unexpectedly ; casual ; non- count'ant, n. One who keeps, or is skilled in, ac-
essential ; fortuitous ; contingent
incidental. h. ; — counts. —
Account current. statement showing A
A casualty. (3/(«.) A
sharp, flat, or natural, oc- the Dr. and Cr. sides of a business transaction.
curring not at the commencement of a piece of mu- Accouple, ak-kup'l, v. t. To join together; to couple.
sic as trie signature, but before a particular note. — Accouter, Accoutre, ak-koo'ter, v. t. [accouteked or
Accident 'ally. adv. Ac'cidence, n. — A book con- -COUTKED (-koo'terd), -terijjg or -trino (-koo'-
taining the rudiments of grammar. tring).] To furnish with dress, equipage, or equip-
Accipiter, ak-sip''l-ter, n. A rapacious bird, as an ments, esp. those of a soldier. Accou'terments, —
eagle, hawk, etc.— Accip'itrine, -trin, a. Pert.^o, etc. -trements, n. pi. Dress equipage trappings ; esp. ; ;

Acclaim, ak-klam', v. t. [acclaimed (-klamd'), for militarv service.

-CLAIMIXG.] To meet with applause to salute. ;
— Accredit, ak-kred'it, v. t. To give trust or confidence
Acclaim'', Acclama'tion, -ma'shun, n. shout of A to; to receive, as an envoy, and give him credit and
assent or approbation. —
Acclam^atory, a. Express- I
rank; to send with credentials; to procure credit
ing applause. for. I

Acclimate, ak-kli'mat, Accli'matize, v. t. [acclima- Accretion, ak-kre-'shun, n. An increase, esp. the in- [

tized (-tizd), -Tizixo.] To habituate to a climate crease of organic bodies by the internal accession of
not native. —
Accli'matable, a. Capable of being parts; increase by accession externally; growing
acclimated. —
Acclima'tion, -cli'matiza'tion, n. together of parts naturally separate.
!

Accrescence,
I

Process of becoming, or state of being, etc. -kres'ens, 71. Gradual growth. Accres'cent, a. In-
—
I

Acclivity, ak-kliv'I-tl, n. A slope, considered as creasing. Accre'tive, -tiv, a. Growing by accre-

ascending. —
opp. to declivity; rising ground. Ac- tion.
_ — I

clivous, -kli'vus, a. Rising with a slope. Accrue, ak-kroo', v. i. [accrued (-krobd''), -Ceuing.]
Accommodate, ak-kom'mo-dat, v. t. To render fit, or To increase; to arise; to be added, as increase, profit,
correspondent; to adapt; to furnish with something or damage. Accru'ment, n. —
needed; to reconcile. —
Accorn'modating, a. Afford- Accumulate, ak-ku'mu-lat, v. t. To heap up in a
ing accommodation helpful. Accom'moda''tion, n.
; — mass; to collect or bring together. v.i. To grow —
Act of fitting, or state of being fitted; whatever sup- to a great size, number, or quantity; to increase
plies a want; adjustment of differences; reconcilia- greatly. Accu'mu-la'tion, n. Act of accumula- —
tion. (Com.) A
loan of money. —Accommodation ting; state of being accumulated; that which is ac-
note. One given by the maker to accommodate the re- cumulated mass heap. Accu'mulative, -tiv, a. ; ; —
ceiver, who is to provide for it when due. train. Causing accumulation cumulative. Accu'mula- ; —
One which stops at minor or way stations, making tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. pow-
less speed than express trains. er, etc., in machinery.
Accompany, ak-kura'pa-nT, v. t. [accompanied Accurate, ak'ku-rat, a. In careful conformity to
(-kum''pa-nid), -nyixq.] To go with as companion truth, or to a standard, rule, or model; correct; pre-
or associate. (Mas.) To perform the accompajiiment. cise. Ac'curately, ady. Ac'curacy. -ra-sl, -rate- — —
— Accom-'paniment, n. Something that accom- ness, -rat-nes, n. Precision resulting from care; cor-
panies; an addition by way of ornament. (Mas.) A rectness.
part performed byinstruments accompanying voices; Accurse, ak-kers', v. t. [accursed (-kersf), accurs-
also, the harmony of a figured bass. Accom'panist, IJJG.J —
To devote to destruction; to imprecate evil
n. (Mas.) The performer who takes the accompany- upon; to curse. —Accursed, p. p. a. (part. pron.
ing part. ak-kersf, a. ak-kers'ed.) Doomed to destruction
Accomplice, ak-kom''plis, n. A co-operator or asso- or misery; worthy of a curse; detestable; execrable.
ciate. (Law.) An associate in a crime. Accuse, ak-kuz", v. t. [accused (-kuzd'), -cusing.]
Accomplish, ak-kom'plish, v. t. [accomplished To charge with a crime, offense, or fault; to arraign
(-plisnt), -PLISHING.] To finish, complete, bring to censure; impeach. —Accusation, -za'shun, n. Act of,
pass, fulfill, realize. —
Accom'plished, -plisht, p. a. etc. that of which one is, etc. Accu'sative, a. Pro- ; —
Complete and perfected; esp., complete in acquire- ducing or containing, etc. (Gram.) Applied to the
ments. —
Accom^plishment, n. Act of accomplish- case of nouns, on which the action of a verb termi-
ing acquirement attainment.
; ; nates or falls. Accu'satively, adv. Accu'satory, — —
—
.

Accompt, ak-kownf. See Account. a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Accus'er, n.

Accord, ak-kQrd', n. Concurrence of opinion, will, Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v. t. [accustomed (-kus'-
or action; consent; harmony of sounds; concord; tumd), -TOMING.] To make familiar by use; to
spontaneous motion. (Law.) An agreement be- habituate or inure. Accus'tomary, a. Usual; cus- —
tween parties in controversy, which bars a suit. — tomary. Accus'tomarily, adv. —
V. t. To make to correspond to harmonize to Ace, as, n. A single point on a card, die, etc.; the
; ;

concede. —
v. i. To be in accordance to agree. card or die so marked a very small degree; a trifle.
;

(Mus.) To agree in pitch and tone. —

Accord'ance, Aceldama, a-seKda-ma, n. field purchased with the
;

A
n. Agreement. —
Accord'ant, a. Corresponding bribe which Judas took hence called the field of
consonant agreeable. Accord'antly, —
adv. Ac- blood. — ; ;

cord'ing, p. a. In harmony with; suitable. —

Ac- Acephalous, a-sef 'a-lus, a. Without a head headless. ;

cord^ingly, adv. In accordance with. (Bot.) Having the style spring from the base, instead
Accordion, ak-kor''dT-un, n. small keyed -wind A of the apex. (Pros.) Deficient at the beginning, as
instrument, with me- aline of poetry. —Aceph'alan, ?j. (Zool.) A mol-
tallic reeds. lusk.
Accost, ak-kosf, v. t. Acerb, a-serb', a. Sour with bitterness. Acerb'ity, —
To address to speak ; -itude, n. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and
first to. —
Accost'abla, astringency harshness of manners. ;

o. Easy of access af- ; Aceric, a-ser''ik, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from,

fable. the maple; as, aceric acid.
Accouchement, ak-koosh- Accordion. Acescent, a-ses''ent, a. Turning sour; readily becom-
mox', n. Delivery in child-bed. Accoucheur, ak- —
ing tart or acid. Aces'cence, -cency, n. —
koo-sher'', n. A man who assists women in child- Acetic, a-set'ik or-se'tik. a. (Chem.) Composed of
birth a man-midwife. — Accoucheuse, -shez', n. A four parts each of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
midwife.
;

Aceticjicid is the pure acid of vinegar. Acetate, —

Account, ak-kownf, n. A reckoning; a statement of as'e-tat, Ac'etite, -tit, ?i. A salt formed by acetic
debts and credits; a statement of reasons, causes, acid united with a base. — Ace'tous, -tus, a. Sour;
grounds, etc.; a relation or description; importance; causing acetification.
— Acefify, v. t. or i. [aceti- — —
reason; consideration; sake. v. t. To reckon or fied (-iid), -FYING.] To turn into acid or vinegar.
compute; to hold in opinion; to estimate. v. i. Acefifica'tion, n. —
Acetim'eter, n. An instrument —
To render a relation of particulars; to constitute a for ascertaining the strength of vinegar, etc.—
reason; to render reasons or answer for. Account- —
Acetylene, a-sgfl-len, m. (Chem.) A colorless gas,
able, a. Liable to be called to account and to suffer consisting of two atoms of carbon and two of hydro-
punishment amenable responsible.
; Account'-
; —
gen, with a peculiar, tmpleasant odor. It is formed
abil'ity, -ableness, n. State of being, etc. Ac- —
by the action of water on calcium carbide.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 — —

ACHE ACULEATE
Ache, ak, i-. i. [ached (akt>, achixg.] To have, or be
— I
— Acfiuit'tal, n. (iajc.) Deliverance from a charge-
in, continued pain; to be distressed. n. Continued by a jury or court.— Acquiftance, m. Acquitment;
pain, opp. to sudden twinj^es or spasmodic pain. a writing wliich is evidence of a discharge; a receipt
Achieve, a-chev', v. t. fAcniEVEU (-cbevd''), achiev- in full.
ing.] To carry on to a tiiial close to complete, ac- ; Acre, a'ker, n. A
piece of land containing icn square
complish, realize. —
Achiev'able, a. Achiev'ance, — rods, or 4.';;,o60 square feet. —
Acreage, a'ker-ej, n.
—
n. — Achieve ''ment, n. Act of achievinfr accom- : A sum total of acres. Acred, a'kerd, a. Possessing
plishment; a great or heroic deed: leat. {Her.) An acres; landed.
escutcheon or ensign armorial. Achiev'er, n. — Acrid, ak'rid, a. Of a biting taste sharp harsh. ; ;

Achromatic, ak-ro-mat'ik, a. (Opt.) I'ree from color; Ac'ridness, Acrid'ity, n. A sharp quality pun- ;

not showing color, from the decompo-sition of light. gency. —Ac'rimony, Ac'ritude, n. Quality- of cor-
— Achro'inatism, «. State of being achromatic. — roding or dissolving; sharpness: seveiity asperity, ;

Achro'inatiza''tion, n. Act of rendering, etc. dep- ; tartness. —

Acrimo'nious. a. —
Acrimo'iiiously, adv.
rivation of color. —
Achro'inatopsy, 71. Inability Acritochromacy, ak'rl-to-kro'ma-sl, n. inability to
to distinguish colors; color-blindiiess: Daltonism. distinguish between colors color-blindness ; Dal- :

Acicalar, a-sik'u-ler, a. Slender, like a needle; needle- tonism.

shaped. —
Acic^ularly, adv. Acic'ulate, -ulated, — Acroamatic, ak'ro-a-mat'ik, Acroafic, a. Jleant
a. Acicular. onlj' to be heard; oral: abstruse.
Acid, a.s'id, n. A sour substance. (CJtem.) sub- A Acrobat, ak'ro-bat, w. One who practices higli vault-
stance having the properties of combining with ing, rope-dancing, etc. —
Acrobat'ic, a.
alkalies and alkaline oxides, and of reddening Acrogen, ak'ro-jen, m. A kind ot cr.vptogamous plant,
most blue vegetable colors, and usually with a which increases by^rowth at the'extremity,
— such —
strong, sharp taste. — a. Sour, sharp, or biting to as ferns, etc. Acrogenous, a-kroj^'e-nus, a.
the taste tart. — Acid'ity, Ac'idness, Quality 71. Acronycal, a-kron'ik-ul, a. {Astron.) Kising at sun-
of being, etc. — Acid'ify, v.
;

[acidified (-fid), -fy- t. set and setting at sunrise, as a star, opp. to cos- —
IXG.] To make acid; esp. to convert into an acid, by mical.
chemical combination. — Acid'ifi'able, a. — Acid'- Acropolis, a-krop'o-lis, n. The higher part of a Gre-
ifica'tion, «. — Acidific, a. Producing acidity.— cian cit}-; the citadel or castle; esp. tlie citadel of
Acid'ifl'er, n. {Chem.) principle necessary toA Athens.
produce acidity. Acidim''eter, n. An instrument Across, a-kros', pi-ep. From side to side of; quite
for ascertaining the strength of acids. Acid^ulous, — over; in a direction opposed to the length of. —adv.
a. Slightly sour sub-acid sourish.— Acid'ulate, From side to side; crosswise, [a, on. and o-oss.j
V. t. To make slightly acid.
;

Acid'ulent, a. Some- —
;

Acrostic, a-kros'tik, n. A
composition, usually' in
what acid; sour; cross. verse, in which the first or the last letter of every
Acierage, a'ser-ej, »i. A
process of coating a metal line, or of every word, read collectively, form a
plate with iron by means of voltaic electricity; steel- —
name or sentence. a. Of or pert, to, etc. Acros'- —
ing. —
A'cerate, v. t. To convert into steel. tically, adv.
Aciniform, a-sin'I-form, a. formed like a cluster of Acrotism, ak'ro-tizm, n. {Med.) defect of pulsa- A
grapes or a grape-stone; full of small kernels. tion.
Acknowledge. ak-noKej, ?>. t. [acknowledged (-ejd), Act, V. i. To exert power: to he in action or motion
-EDGING.] To own, avow, admit; to recognize; to to behave or conduct; to demean one's self. v. t. — ;

own with gratitude; to own, etc., in a legal form; To perform, esp. on the stage to feign to assume
—
;

to concede, confess, allow. — Acknowledgment, n. the office or character of. 71. That which is done
;

Act of, etc.; .something given or done in return for or doing; deed; a decree, edict, law, judgment, etc.;
a favor; a declaration of one's own act, to give it any instrument in writing to verily facts one of ;

legal validity. the principal divisions of a play a state of reality, ;

Aclinic, a-klin'ik, a.Without inclination said of — or real existence, "as opposed to a possible existence;
—
;

the magnetic equator, on which the magnetic needle a state of preparation. Acfing, p. a. Discharging
horizontal.
is the duties of another. —
n. The performance of an
Acme, ak-'me, n. The highest point; crisis. assumed part. —
Action, ak'shu.n, ??. Exertion of
Acolyte, ak''o-lIt, -lyth, -lith, n. A companion ; asso- power, or the effect of power exerted; motion pro-
ciate. (Ast)'on.) An attendant star. {Eccl. Hist.) duced; agency thing done a deed conduct de-
; ; ; ;

An inferior church servant. meanor; series of events forming the subject of a

Aconite, ak'o-nit, n. Wolf's-bane, a poison. play, poem, etc. (07-at.) Gesticulation. (Law.) A
Acorn, a'kern, n. The .seed or fruit of an oak. suit or process. (Com.) A
share in the stock of a
Acotyledon, a-kot'l-le'don, n. plant having no seed- A company. (Paint. Sf Scidp.) The position of the sev-
lobes, or cotyledons. —
Acotyledonous, -lerKo-nus, a. eral parts of the body. (3iil.) An engagement be-
Having either no seed-lobe^ or such as are indistinct. tween troops. —
Ac'tionable, a. (Law.) Liable to a
Acoustic, a-kow'stik or -koo'stik, a. Pert, to liear- suit. —
Actionably, adv. —
Ac'tionary, -tionist, n.
ing, or to the doctrine of sounds. Acou'stics, n. — (Com.) A
stock holder in a company. Act'ive, -iv, —
The science of sounds. Acou'stically, adv. — — a. Having the power or quality of acting: eogaged
Acoustician, -tijih''an, w. One versed in, etc. inaction; energetic; busy; practical. ((Sirtm.) Ex-
Acquaint, ak-kwanf, v. t. To make familiar; to com- pressing action or transition of action from an ageiit
municate notice to to apprise ; to inform. Ac- ;
— to an oDJect. —
Act'ively, adv. Acfiveness, Ac- —
quaint-'ance, w. State of being acquainted; familiar tiv'^ity, n. —
Actor, akfer, n. One who acts; esp. on
knowledge; a person or persons well known. Ac- — the stage. —
Act^ress, n. A
female actor Act'ual, —
q^uaint'anceship, w. Familiarity ; fellowship in- ; a. Existing in act; real: carried out. opp. to poten- —
timacy. Hal, virtual, theoretical, etc.; existing at present.—
Acquiesce, ak-wY-es'. ?'. r. [acquiesced f-wY-est'). Act'ually, adv. —
Actuality, Act'^ualness, n. —
-E.SCING (-es^ing).] To rest satisfied; to concur, as- Act'ualist, n. One who considers actually existing
sent, comply. — Acquies'cent, a. —
Acquies'cence, facts or conditions, —
opp. to ideaJixf.— Acfualize,
-cency, n. Silent assent. ?). t. —
To make actual. Acfualiza'tion, ?i. — Acf-
Acquire, ak-kwir', v. t. [acquired C-kwird'), -quir- uary, n. A. registrar; a manager of a joiut-stnck com-
ing.] To gain, usually by one's own labor or exer- pany, esp. of an insurance company. Acf^uate. v. —
tions; to attain, earn, win. Acquir''able, a. Ac- — — t. To put into action; incite to action. Actua- —
quire''ment. Acquisition, -zish^un, n. Act of acquir- tion, n. »
ing; thing acquired attainment; gain.; Acquisi- — Actin'iform, a. Having a radiated form.
tive, -kwiz'T-tiv, a. Disposed to make acquisitions. Actinism, ak'tin-izm, n. A property in the solar rays
— Ac^uis'itively, adv. —
Acqtus'itiveness. w. State which produces chemical changes, as in photog-
of being acquisitive. (Phren.) The organ supposed ranhy. — Actin^ic, a. Of or pertrto, etc. Actin'o- —
to give rise to this desire. [See Phrenology.] graph, -graf, n. An instrument for recording varia-
Acquit, ak-kwif, v. t. To set free; to release, esp. tions in the actinic force of sunlight. Actinom''- —
from an obligation, accusation, suspicion, etc.; to eter, n. An instrument for measuring the intensity
clear, absolve (reflemvehi) to bear or conduct one's
; of i^ctinic rays.
seK. —Acquitment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Aculeate, a-kil'le-at, a. (Hot.) Having sharp points;

siin, cube, full ; moon, idbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ACUMEN ADMIT
pointed; — used of consisting of , animal fat; fatty. Ad'ipocere, -ser, —
prickles fixed in the bark, n. A
soft, unctuous, waxy substance, into which
opp. to thorns growing animal flesh is changed by immersion in water or
from the wood. spirit, or by burial in moist places.
Acttmen, a-ku'men, n. Adit, ad'it, 71. A
horizontal or inclined entrance into
Quickness of perception Aculeate Stem ainine; adrift: passage; approach.
or discernment penetration of mind acuteness
: ; ; Adjacent, ad-ja'sent, a. Lying near to; contiguous,
perspicuity. —Acu'inihate, v. t. To render sharp or not touchins- —
Acya'cency, «. State of being, etc.
keen. — v' To end in a sharp point. — a. Having
i . Adjective, ad'jek-tiv, //. (Gram.) word used with A
a long, tapering point. — Acu'minous, a. Acumi-
j

a substantive, to describe, limit, or define it. or to

nate. — Acu''mina''tion, 7i. A sharpening termina- ; denote .some property of it. Ad'jectively, adv — —
tion in, etc. Adjectival, -ti'val or ad'jek-tiv-al, a. Pert, to, etc.
Aeupression, ak''u-pres^h'un, Acupres'sure, -presh'er, Adjoin, ad-join', v. t. [adJoi.ved (-joind'), -joining. J
n. {Stiiy.) Tlie arresting of hemorrhage from an —
To join or unite to. v. i. To be contiguous, in con-
arterv, etc.. by passing a needle tiiroughtne wounded tact, or very near. —
Adjunct, ad'junkt, n. An ap-
vessel. —Acupuncture, -punk'chu!-, w. {Med.) The pendafje; a colleague.— a. Added; united. Ad- —
introduction of needles into the living tissues for juncfly, ac?v. —
Adjunc'tion, Ji. Act of joining;
'remedial purposes. thing joined. —
Adjunc'tive, -tiv, a. Joining ; tend
Acute, a-kuti^, a. Sharp at the end pointed having ; ; ing to join. —
n. One who, or that which, etc. Ad- —
nice discernment: shrewd; having quick sensibility; junc'tively, adv.
high or shrill. (Med.) Having sj'mptoms of sever- Adjourn, ad-jern', v. t. [adjourned (-jernd'),,-jouRN-
ity, and coming speedily to a crisis, opp. to chronic. — ING.] To put off to another time; to postpone; de-
— Acute'ly, adc. Acute'ness, ii. — fer; prorogue. v. i. —
To suspend business for a
Adage, ud'ej, n. A saying which Jias obtained credit time ; to close the session of a public body. Ad- —
by long use; maxim:' proverb; aphorism. [F.J journ'ment, n. Act of adjourning postponement; ;

Adagio, a-da'jo, a. Qfiis.) Slow ; moving leisurely the interval during which business is suspended
and gracefully. — n. A piece of slow music. [It. Adjudge, ad-juj', v. t. [adjudged (-jujd'), -judging.]
Adamant, ad'a-mant, A stone imagined to be of
n. lo award or decree: to sentence. Adjudgement, n. —
impenetrable hardness — hence a diamond or other
; — Adjudicate, ad-joo'di-kat, v. t. To try and de-
very hard .substance. termine; to adjudge. — Adju'dica'tion, n. Act of ad-
Adam's-apple, ad'amz-ap-'pl,
??. A species of citron, judicating; sentence; judgment; decision.
also o£ banana: the projection formed by the thy- Adjunct. See under Adjoin.
roid cartilage in tlie neck. Adjure, ad-joor', v. t. [adjured (-joord'), -juring.]
Adapt, a-dapt'. v. t. To make fit or suitable ; to suit; lo charge, command, or entreat solemnly, as if
adjust; attune. — Adapt'able, o. Capable of being under oath. —
Adjura'tion, n. Act of adjuring; the
adapted. — Adapta'tion, Act ??. of, or state of be- form of oath. —
Adjur'er, n. One who, etc.
ing, etc. —Adapt'er, »?. One wlio adapts. (Chem.) Adjust, ad-jusf, v. t. To make exact or conforma-
A receiver with two necks an adopter. : ble to fit, set right.
; Adjust'able, a. —
Adjust'- —
Add, ad. i-. t. To join or unite, as one sum to another; ment, n. Act of, etc.; arrangement: settlement.
to subjoin, annex.— Ad'dible, -dable, a.— Ad'ditive, Adjutant, ad'jrW-tant, n. A military ofHcer who as-
-tiv, a. Addiblc— Ad'der, n. One who or that sists the commanding officer
which adds : an adding machine, abacus^ — Addi- in issuing orders, keeping
tion, -dish''un, n. Act of artdinff; thing added; in- records, etc. a large species
;

crease; augmentation. {Maih.) The branch of arith- of stork, found India. m

metic which treats of adding numbers. (Mus.) A — Ad'jutancy, /!. Office of_an
dot beside a note sliowina: that its sound is to be adjutant. —
Adjutor, -joo'-
lengthened one half. (Laiv.) title annexed to a A ter, n. A
helper. Ad-ju'trix, —
man's name. —
Addi'tional. a. Added more. — ; n. A female helper. Ad'- —
Addi'tionally, adv. —
Adden'dum, n. pi. Adden'- ,-
juvant, a. Helping. — n.
DA, -da. Athing to be added; an appendix. An assistant. (^Med.) A rem-
Adder, ad'der, n. A venomous serpent. edy.
Addict, ad-dikf, v. t. To apply habitually; to ac- Admeasure, ad-mezh^ur, v. f.
custom; to devote. [admeasured (mezh'urd),
Addle, ad'dl, «. Putrid; corrupt; producing nothing; -measueing.J To take" the
barren. —
v. t. To make addle, corrupt, or morbid. dimensions of; to apportion.
Address, ad-dres'', r. i. [addhessed (-drest''), ueess- Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v. t.
ING.J To prepare or make ready; to direct words or [administered (-terd), -tee-
discourse to; to apply to by speech, petition, etc.; to ing.] To manage to dis- ;

direct in writing, as a letter; to woo. (Com.) To pense; to give or tender.

consign to another, as agent or factor. ii. formal — A (Laio.) To settle, as an estate. Adjutant.
application, speech, discourse, etc. manner of speak- ; — V. i. To contribute; to bring aid. To perform
ing; skill; dexterity; tact; direction of a letter, or the office of administrator. Admin'iste'rial, a. —
the name, title, and residence of the person ad- Pert, to admistration. —
Admin'istrahle, a. Capable
dressed. In plu., attention in the way of courtship. of being, etc. —
Admin'istra'tion, w. The act of ad-
Adduce, ad-dus', v. t. [adduced (-dust'), -DucrsG.] ministering; the executive part of the government;
To bring forward, quote. Addu'cent, Adduc'tive, — distribution the persons collective!}' intrusted with
;

a. Bringing forward or together. — Adduc'tion, n. executing laws and superintending public affairs.
Act of, etc. (Law.) iVlanagement of the estate of one deceased.
Adept, a-dept', a. Well-skilled; completely versed; — Admin'istra'tive, -tiv, a. Administering. Ad- —
proficient, —n. One who isadept in any art. min'istra'tor, n. — Admin'istra'torship, n. Office
Adequate, ad'e-kwat, a. Equal, proportionate, or cor- of, etc. —
Admin'is-tra'trix, n. woman who ad- A
respondent^ fully sufficient; requisite. ministers.
Adhere, ad-her', v. i. [adhered (-herd'), -heeixg.] Admiral. ad'niT-ral, n. A naval officer of the highest
To stick fast or cleave; to become united; to be at- rank; the ship which carries him. Ad'miralship, n.
tached, abide by. —
Adher'ence, n. Quality or state Office of, etc. —
Ad'miralty, n. The body of otficers
of adhering steady attachment.
; Adher'ent, a. — who manage naval affairs.
United with or to sticking. n. One who cleaves
;
— Admire, ad-mir', v. t. [admired (-mird'), -miring.]
to or supports some person or cause; partisan; fol- To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with
lower. — Adher'ently, adr. Adhesion, -he'zhun, — approbation, reverence, or affection; to estimate or
w. Act or state of sticking; the force with which prize highly. v. t. To wonder; to marvel. Ad-
distinct bodies adhere when their surfaces are mir'er, n. One who admires; a lover. Ad'mirable, —
brought m
contact. —
Adhesive, -he'siv, a. Sticky; -niT-ra-bl, a. Worthy of admiration; rare; excellent.
tenacious, as glutinnu:* substances. — Ad'mirably, arfr. —
Ad'mira'tion, n. Wonder;
Adieu, a-du', adv. Good-by; farewell. esp. wonder mingled with esteem, love, etc.
Adipose, ad'T-pos, Ad'ipous. -pus, a. Pert, to, or Admit, ad-mit', v. t. To grant entrance to; to receive
am, fame, far, p»ss or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve. term ; In, ice ; 8dd. tone, or s
 ADMIX AERATE
Added extrinsically:
— Out
as true; to concede; to be capableof.— Admit 'tedly, -tish'us, a. casual. (Bot.)
adv. Confessedly. —
Admiftance, n. Act of ad- of the usual place. —
Adventi'tiously, adv. Ad-
mitting. (Law.) The giving possession of projierty. ven'tive, -tiv, a. Accidental; adventitious. Ad- —
—
— Admis'^sible, -sT-bl, a. Worthy of being admitted.
—
ven'tual, -chu-al, a. Pert, to the season of Advent-
Adventure, ad-'ven'chur, n. Hazard risk cliance
AdmiB'sibil'ity, n. Quality of, etc. Admis'sive, ; ; ;.

-siv, a.Conceding. —
Admission, -mish'un, n. Act an enterprise of hazard a remarkable occurrence;
;

—
of admitting; permission to enter; access; the grant- a thing sent to sea at the sender's risk. v. t. Iad-
ing of a position not fully proved. VENTUKEi) (-churd), -XLRIXG.] To put at hazard; to-
Admix, ad-miks', v. t. To mingle with something else. risk; to run the risk of attempting. ?•. i. To try' —
—Admix'' ture, -chur, n. mixing what is mixed. A ; the chance to dare.— Adven'turer, n. One who, etc.
;

Admonish, ad-mon'ish, v. t^ [admoxisiied (-isht), — Adven'turesome, -sum, a. Incurring hazard; bold.

-isiiiXG.] To reprove gentlj'; to counsel against — Adven'turotis, a. Inclined to adventure; daring;
wrong to instruct, advise. — Admon'isher, Ad- attended with risk. —
Adven'turously, adv.—&A~
;

moni'tion, -nish'un, Gentle reproof; advice.

n. — ven'turousness, n.
Admon'itive, -T-tiv, -itory, a. Containing admoni- Adverb, ad'verb, n. (Gram.) A word modifying the
tion. sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb.
Adnascent, ad-nas'ent, a. Growing to or on some- — Adver'bial, a. Relating to or like, etc. Adver'- —
thing else. bially, adv. —
Adver'bialize, v. t. To give the force
Ado, a-dob', n. Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty. or form of, etc.
Adobe, a-do''ba, n. An
unburnt, sun-dried brick. [Sp.] Adverse, ad'vers, a. Acting in a contrary direction ;
Adolescent, ad-o-les'cnt, a. Growing; advancing conflicting; unfortunate. Ad'versene'ss, n. — Ad- —
from childhood to maturity. Adoles'^cence, -ens, — ver'sity, n. An e\'T^nt or series of events attended
n. Youth the years from 14 to 25 in men, and 12 to
;
with misfortune; alfliction; distress. Ad'versary, —
21 in women. n. One who is opposed; antagonist; foe. —a. Ad-
Adopt, a-dopf, v. t. To select and take as- one's own verse ;antagonistic. —
Adver'sativer -tiv, a. Not-
when not so before. —
Adopfer, n. One who adopts. ing opposition or antithesis between connected prop-
—
( Cliem.) A
receiver with two necks. Adop'tion, n. — ositions; applied to the conjunctions but, however,
Act of J or state of being, etc. receiving as one's own ; yet, etc. —
n. An adversative word.
what is not natural. (Theol.) Man's acceptance, Advert, ad-vert', v. i. To turn the mind or attention
through God's grace, on justilitation by faitli. to regard, observe. —
Adver'tence, ?i. Attention;,
.

Adwre, a-dor', V. f. [adored (a-dord''), adoring.] To consideration. —

Adver'tent, a. Attentive; heedful.
worship with profound reverence; to love intensely. Advertise, ad-ver-tiz', v. t. or t. [advertised
—Ador'er, n. A
worshiper; a lover. Ador'able, — (-tizd'), -TISIXG.] To inform to make known ;

a. —
Adora'tion, n. Worship paid to a divine being; througn the press. —
Advertisement, -ver'tiz-ment,
homage to one in high esteem. or -ver-tiz'ment, n. Information public notice-
.Adorn, a-dSrn', v. t. [adorned (a-d6rnd''), adou>h:?g.] through the press. —
Advertiser, -tiz'er, n.
;

To render beautiful; to decorate, embellish, set-off, Advise, ad-viz'. v. t. [advised (-vizd'), -vising.] To
ornament. — Adorn'ment, n. Ornament; embellish- counsel; to give information to; to apprise; to ac-
ment. quaint, consult. )•. I. —
To delibei-ate to weigh ;

Adrift, a-drift', a. or adv. Floating at random.

,

or consider. —
Advis'able, o. Fit to be advised; ex-
Adroit, a-droif, a. Possessing or exercising skill or pedient. —
Advis'ably, adv. Advis'ableness, n. —
dexterity; ready in invention or execution; expert; Fitness propriety. —
Advis'edly, adr. With full
clever. —
Adroit'ly, adv. Adroifness, n. —
;

knowledge; purposelj'. —
Advis'edness, n. Deliber-
Adulation, ad-u-la'shun, n. Servile flattery; syco-
— ate consideration. —
Advise'ment, n. Counsel con- ;

—
— —
phancy. Ad'ula'tor, -ter, n. servile flatterer. A sultation; consideration. Advis'er, n. One who,
Ad'ulatory, a. etc.; a counselor. Advi'sory, a. Having power
Adtilt, a-dulf, a. Having arrived at mature years, to advise; containing advice. —
Advice, ad-vis'', n.
or to full size and strength. w. person or thing — A An opinion offered, as worthy to be followed; sug-
irrown to maturity. gestion; information as to the state of affairs t coun-
Adulterate, a-duKter-at, v. t. To debase or make im- sel; intelligence.
pure hy admixture of baser materials; to contam- Advocate, ad'vo-kat, n. One who pleads a cause esp. ;

inate; to corrupt. a. Tainted with adultery; de- one who pleads tlie cause of another before a tri-
based. ——
Adul'tera'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- bunal. —
V. t. To plead in favor of; to maintain by
ing, etc. Adul'terant, n. One who, or that which, argument to defend, support, vindicate.
; Ad'vo- —
etc. —Adul'tery, M. Violation of the m-irriage-bed.
— cacy, -ka-sT, Advoca'tion, n. Act of, etc.; interces-
(Script.) Violation of one's religious covenant. sion.
Adul'terer, n. A
man guilty of adultery. —AdTU'-
— Advowson, ad-vow'zun, n. (Eng. Law.) The right
teress, n. A woman, etc. Adul'terine, -tn or -in, of presenting or nominating to a vacant benefice.
a. Proceeding from adultery. n. A child born in,
^

— — Advowee, -vow-e', or Advow'er, n. One who^

etc. —Adul'terous, a. Pert, to, or guilty of, etc. presents, etc.
Advance, ad-vans', v. t. [adva.vced (^-vansf), -vajt- Adz, Adze, adz, n. A
carpenter's tool for
CING.] To bring forward to raise in rank to ac- ; ; chipping.
celerate the growth or progress of to help on to ; ; .Sdile, Edile, e'dil, n. An officer in ancient
offer or propose; to supply beforehand; to pay for Rome who cared for public buildings,
others, in expectation of re-imbursement. v. t. To — streets, public spectacles, etc.
move forward; to improve; to rise in rank, etc. n. — .Sgis, e'jis, n. A shield, esp. Mi-
Act of advancing; approach; improvement. (Com.) nerva's shield ; anything that pro-
Additional price or profit; a tender; an olfer; a fur- tects.
nishing of something before an equivalent is re- .Solian, e-o'lt-an, a. Pert, to ^olia
ceived; money or goods thus furnished. a. Be- or ^olis, in Asia Minor ; pert, to
fore in place or time —
used for advanced, as, an
; ^olus, god of the winds; pert, to,
adi'awce-guard. —
Advanced, -vanst', p. p. Pro- or produced by, the wind. .Solian. —
gressive; imbued with novel ideas. Advance'ment, — attachment. A
contrivance for con-
n. Act or state of, etc.; improvement; promotion; verting a pianoforte into a wind in-
payment in advance. —
Advan'cer, ?i. A promoter. strument. —
iEolian harp. A box
Advantage, ad-van'tej, n. Anv state, condition, etc., on whicii are stretched strings, on Adz.
favorable to some desired end; superioritj' of state, which the wind produces musical
or that which gives it; benefit; profit. v. t. [ad- notes. — .£olic, e-oKik, a. Pert, to .lEolia.
vantaged (-ta]d), -TAGiNG.] To benefit, to pro- .Son, Eon, e'on, n. A great, indefinite, or infinite,
mote. — Advantageous, -ta'jus, a. Being of, or space of time.
furnishing, etc.; profitable; beneficial. Advanta'- — Aerate, a'er-at, v. t. To impregnate or combine with
geously, adv. —
Advanta'geousness, n. carbonic acid gas; to supply with commonair or with
Advent, ad'vent, n. A coming; approach; esp. the oxygen. —
Aera'tion, n. Act or process of, etc.;
coming of Christ a season of devotion including exposure of soil to the action of the air. Aerial^ —
four Sundays before Christmas.
;

Adventitious, — a-e'r1!-al, a. Pert, to the air, or atmosphere consist- ;

siin, cQbe, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 AERIE 8 AGARIC
ing inhabiting or frequenting, or existing in, the
of, communication of divine knowledge; the inspira-
air high
lofty. —
A''erifonn, a. Having the form tion of a poet. Affla'^tion, 72. breathing on. A
of
; ;

—
A'erify, -fi, v. t. To cliduge into Afflict, af-flikt'', V. t. To strike down; to overthrow;
air, as gas.
an aeriform state. —A'erogram, n. message sent A
to give continued pain to cause to suffer dejection
by wireless telegraphy. A'erolite, n. stone —to trouble, harass. A
Afflicfer, n. Afflict'ing. a. — ;

—
falling from, etc. meteoric stone. A'erom''eter,
; —
Causing pain grievous distressing. Affliction, ; ;
—
n. An instrument for measuring the weight or den- -flik'^shun, n. Cause of continued pain, state of
sity of gases.— A'erom''etry, ?i.— A'eronaut',— nawt, being afflicted; sorrow; adversity. Afflict'^ive, -iv, —
n. An aerial navigator balloonist. A'eronaufic, a. Giving or^ausing, etc. Afflicfively, adv. —
—
;

n. Pert, to, etc. A'Sronaufics, ?;. Science or art Affluent, af'floo-ent, a. Wealthy; plentiful. n. — A
of sailing in a balloon.— A'erophyte'', -lit, n. A
stream flowing into a river or lake. Affluence, -ens, — —
pla.nt deriving support from air.
•
A'eroplane, n. —
-ency, n. Abundance, esp. of riches; opulence. A Af-
flying machine, or a plane for experiments on flying, fluently, adv. Afflux, af ''fluks, Affluxion, -fluk''- —
which floats in the air only when propelled through shun, n. Act of flowing to; that which flows to.
it. —
A'erostat'ic, a. Pert, to, etc. [bird of prey. Afford, af-ford'', V. <. To yield or produce; to give,
I

Aerie, e'rt or a'ri, n. The nest of an eagle or other) grant, sell, or expend, with profit or without loss;
Esthetic, Esthetic, es-thet''ik, a. Pert, to jesthetics. to impart confer.
— .Ssthet'ics, n. sing. The theory or philosophy of Affray,
;

n.
af-fra'',{Law.) Fighting -in a public
taste ; science of the beautiful in nature and art. place, causing fear; a tumultuous assault quarrel; ;

Afar, a-far'^, adv. At a great distance; remote. brawl.

ASable, af'^fa-bl, a. Ready to converse ; easy of ac- Affreight, af-fraf, v. t. To hire, as a ship, to trans-
cess courteous complaisant condescending. — port goods or freight. —Affireight'ment, n. The en-
—
; ; ;

Affably, adv. Affabil'ity, n. Quality of being, gagement or chartering, etc.

etc.; urbanity; civility. Affright, af-frit'', v. t. To impress with sudden fear:
Affair, af-far', n. Business of any kind esp. public ; to appall, shock, alarm. — n. Sudden and great fear;
business. {Mil.) An engagement of troops. terror.— Affrighfedly, adv.
Affect, af-fekf, v. t. To act upon to produce a ; Affront, af-frunf, Any reproachful or contemptu-
/;.

change in to influence, imitate, put on a pretense ous action; oft'ense. — To otf end by manifest-
v. t.
of. — ;

Affecta'tion, n. Assumption of what is not ing disrespect; to insult, provoke, outrage. — Af-
natural; false pretense. Affect'^ed, p. a. Assum- front'er, n. — Affronfive, a. Abusive, insult- -iv,
ing or pretending to possess, etc. assumed artifi- ; ing. — Affiront'ingly, adv.
cially. (Alg.) Compounded containing different ; Afield, a-feld', adv. To, in, or on the field; out of the
powers of the imknown quantity (written also Ad- way.
—
jected). Affect'^edly, adv. In an affected manner. Afire, a-fir'_, a. or adv. On fire.
—
Affect ''edness, ?t. Affect'er, m. —
Affect-'ing, p. — Aflame, a-flam', adv. In flames; glowing with light.
a. Having power to move the passions; pathetic. Afloat, a-flof, adv. In a floating state; passing from
—
Affect'lngly, adv. —
Affec'tion, n. An attribute, place to place; unfixed; without guide or control.
C[uality, or property, inseparable from its subject; Afoot, artSbV, adv. On foot; in action; in a condition
inclination of the mind toward a particular object; for actioji.
love; attachment. {Med.) Disease. Affec'tionate, —
Afore, a-for'', adv. or prep. Before. Afore'going, —
a. Having or proceeding from, etc. tender; fond a. Going before; foregoing; previous. hand, ac/i?.
warm-hearted. —
Affec'tionately, adv. Affec'-
;

Beforehand; before. — ;

men'tioned, -shund, adv.

— —
tioned, -shund, a. Inclined disposed affected.
Affect''ive, -iv, a._ Affecting, or exciting emotion.
Affettuoso, af-fet-too-o^zo. {Mus.)
; Spoken of or named before. rthought, -thawt, a.
Premeditated.
A
;

time, adv. In time past; of old.

direction to ren- Afoul, a-fowK, a. or adv. Not free; entangled.
—
der notes soft or affecting. -adtJ. Tenderly. [It. J Afraid, a-frad', a. Struck with fear or apprehen-
Affiance, af-fi''ans, n. Plighted faith; marriage con- sion; timid.
tract; trust; confidence. —I'. <. [affianced (-anst), Afresh, a-fresh', adv. Anew; over again.
-AXCING.] To betroth to pledge fidelity in mar- Afrit, af-rif, Afrite, -ref Afreet', n. {Moham. Myth.)
; ,

riage, promise marriage to, give confidence to, trust. powerful evil jinnee or demon. A
—
Affi.''ancer, n. One who makes a marriage contract Afront, a-frunf, adv. In front.
between parties. —
AfB.'ant, n. (Law.) One who Aft, aft, adv. or a. {Naut.) Astern, or toward the
makes affidavit. —
Affida'vit, n. (jLaw.) declara- stern abaft. A
Fore and aft. From one end of the ; —
tion signed and made upon oath.
, vessel to the other.
Affiliate, af-fiKT-at, v. t. To adopt as a son, receive After, aff er, 7)rep. Behind in place; later in time;
into fellowship to ally to receive into a societj'
; ; moving toward from behind; in pursuit of; in im-
as a member. {Law.) To assign an illegitimate itation of; according to the influence of; in relation
child to the father. —
AffiPia'tion, n. Adoption; as- to. adv. Subsequently. a. Later; subsequent. —
sociation in the same family or society; assignment {Naut.) More aft. Aft'ermost, -most, a. Hindmost.
of an illegitimate child to the father. Afferward, -wards, -wurdz, —
adv. In later or_suc-
Affinage, af^fin-ej, ?i. A
refining of metals. [F.] ceeding time subsequently. Aft'er-birth, -berth, ;

Affinity, af-fin''T-tI, n. Relationship by marriage;

close agreement; conformity; connection. {Chem.)
That attraction which takes place, at an insensible
n. The placenta, cord, and membranes inclosing
the fetus, which come away after delivery.
n. An unexpected subsequent event.
clap,
crop, 7i.
—
distance, between particles, and forms compounds. second crop. damp, n. Choke-damp; carbonic A
Affirm, af-ferm'', v. t. [affirmed (-fermd''), -fiem-
IXG.] To confirm, estahlish, or ratify; to assert posi-
—
acid gas following the explosion of fire-damp in
mines. glow, n. kind of second twilight, some- — A
A
tively, aver. v. i. To declare positively. {Law.)
To promise, before a magistrate or tribunal, to tell
the truth, under pain of perjury. Affirma''tion,
times following sunset. math, n.
of grass in the same year; rowen.
from noon to — evening. pains, n. pi.
second crop
noon', n. Time
Pains after
—
—
n. Act of, etc. that which is asserted ratifica-
;

tion. {Law.) Declaration by one conscientiously

unable to make oath.— Affirm'ative, -tiv, a. Affirm-
delivery, caused by the after-birth, or by clots.
-piece, n.
71. pi.
;

piece performed after a play.

{Naut.) The sails on the mizzen mast and
sails, A —
ing, —
opp. to negative; confirmative; ratifying. its stays. state, n. The future life. -thought, —
n. A
word expressing assent; an affirmative propo- -thawt, n. Something thought of after an act; later
sition; that side of a question which affirms or thought or expedient.
maintains, —
opp. to negative. —
Affirm''atively, adv. Aga, a'ga, n. A Turkish commander or chief officer.
—
Affirm'^er, n. Again, a-gen', adv. Another time; once more; in re-
Affix, af-fiks', v. t. [affixed (-fixf), -fixing.] To turn; back. —Again and again. Often; repeatedly.
add at the end; to attach or connect; to fix or fasten Against, a-gensf, jorep. Abreast of; opposite to; — m
in any manner; to annex. —Affix, af'flks, n. syl- opposition to in preparation for. A ;

lable or letter joined to the end of a word; a suffix. Agape, a-gap', adv. Gaping, as with wonder.
—
Afflxion, -fik'shun, w. Act of affixing; addition. Agaric, ag'a-rik, n. {Bot.) family of fungi, includ- A
—Affixture, -fiks-'chur, n. That which is, etc. ing mushrooms an excrescence growing on the trunk ;

Afflatus, af-fla-'tus, n. A breath or blast of wind

' of trees, used for tinder, in dyeing, and in medicine;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r j
 —— — — ; — ; — — — ———

AGATE 9 AID
touchwood. —Agaric mineral. A deposit of carbon- brisk. —
Ag'ileness, Agility, a-jiKt-tX, n. Quality
ate of lime. of being, etc.
Agate, a»'et, n. A
precious stone, variety of quartz. Agitate, aj'T-tat, v. i. To move with a violent irreg-
(Print.) A
kind of type, larger than pearl and small- ular action to shake to disturb or excite to dis-
: ; ;

er than nonpareil; —in England called rub>/. cuss earnestly; to consider on all sides to revolve, ;

^^^ This line is printed in the type called agate. debate. —

Agita'tion, n. Act of, or state of being,
etc. ; perturoation of mind discussion. Agita'- —
— Agatine, -tin, a. Pert, to _^ tive, -tiv, a. Having power or tendencj' to, etc.
;

—
or resembling, agate. Ag'- Agita-'tor, -ter, h.
atize, -tiz,
(-tizd), -Tizixo.J To con-
1-. t.

vert into, etc. Ag'aty, -tt,

a. Of the nature of, etc.
Fagatized
M^ Aglow, a-glc^, adv. Hot; briglit with
Agnail, ag^'nal,
low.
Agnate,
n. Inflammation round a

ag^'nat, a. (Laiv.) Related on the father's

warmth: glowing.
nail; a whit-

Agave, a-ga've, n. genus A A

male relation by the father's side.
of plants the American
;
1^^ side. 71.

Agna-'tion, n. Descent in the male line. Agna'tic, —

aloe, or century plant, from a. Pert, to, etc.
the juice of which the liq- Agnomen, ag-no''men, a. A name added, among the
uoT jpulque is made. Romans, in celebration of some exploit. [L.]
Age, aj, n. Whole duration Agnostic, ag-nos'tik, a. Professing ignorance in- ;

of a being; the part ot one's volving no dogmatic assertion leaving undeter- ;

life previous toa given time mined. —

n. One who, etc. Agnos'ticism, 7i. The—
the latter part of life; legal condition of neithetjaffirming nor denying, on the
maturity a particular pe-
; score of ignorance. ( Theol.) Tlie doctrine that the
riod of time in history; the existence of a personal Deity can be neither asserted
people of a particular pe- nor denied, proved nor disproved, because of the
riod; hence, a generation a limits of the human mind, or of the insufficiency of
—
:

century: era. v. i. To grow -::. evidence, opp. to atlieism and to theism; also,' the
old: to show marks ot age.'" belief of a Christian sect of the third century, that
— Aged, a'jed, a. Ad- A.irave.
God did not know all things.
vanced in age; old; ancient. Ago, a-go'', adv. or a. Past; gone.
— n.231. Old persons. —
Agedly, a-'jed-ir, acZi'. Like Agog, a-gog', a. or adv. Highly excited by eagerness
an aged person. alter an object.
Agendum, a-jen-'dum, w.; jjZ. Agex''da, -da. Some- Agoing, a-go^mg,p.nj'. In motion: going: ready to go.
thing to be done; a memorandum-book ; a ritual or Agony, ag''o-nT, n. Pain that causes writhing or con-
liturgy. [L.] tortions of the body, like those in athletic contests ;
Agent, a''jent, n. A
person or thing that acts or has anguish pang. —
Ag''onist, n. One who contends
,

power to act one intrusted with the business of an-

;

for the prize in public games. Ag'^onism, -nizm, —

;

other ; a substitute a deputy a factor an active n. Contention for, etc. —

Agonist'^ic, -ical, a. Re-
—
; ; ;

power or cause. A'^gentship, 7i. The office of an lating to prize-fighting, or to bodily or mental con-
agent; agency. —
A'gency, a'jen-sY, m. Quality or test. —
Ag''onize, v. i. [agoxized (-nizd), -xizixg.J
state of, etc. ; instrumentality office or duties of, etc. ; To writhe with agony; to suffer anguish. v. t. — To
bureau of, etc. distress; to torture. -^Ag''onizingly, adv.
Agglomerate, ag-glom'er-at, v. t. To wind into a Agrarian, a-gra'rl-an, a. Relating or tending to
ball to gather
into mass. a — v. i. To collect into a equal division of lands. (Bot.) Growing wild. n.
ball. — A^glom'era'tion,
;

n. Act of, or state of being, One who favors ejjual division of property.
etc. Agree, a-gre', v. i. [agreed (-gied'), agreeixg.}
Agglutinate, ag-glu''tT-nat, v. t. To glue or cause to To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action ; to
adhere to unite by causing adhesion.
; Agglu'ti- — yield assent, come to terms, resemble. (Gram.) To
na'tion, n. Act of uniting, or state of being united. correspond in gender, number, case, or person.
Agglu'tina'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to unite. Agglu''- — Agree'able, a. Suitable; in pursuance or accord-
tinant, a. Uniting. n. —
viscous adhesive sub- A ance pleasing ready to agree. Agree'abil'ity, —
—
; ;

stance. Agree'ableness, n. Qualitj^ of being, etc. Agree''-

Aggrandize, ag'^gran-diz, t'. <. [aggkandized (-dizd), ably, adv. —
Agree'ment, n. state of, etc. ( Gram.} A
-DiziXG.] To enlarge; to make great or greater in Concord of one word with another in gender, num-
power, rank, honor, etc.; to augment; exalt; in- ber, etc. (Zaiv.) Union of ininds in a thing done or
crease. —
Aggrandizement, -gran^'diz-ment, n. Act to be done a bargain, compact, or contract.
;

of, or state of being, etc. Ag'grandi'zer, n. One — Agriculture, ag^'rl-kul-chur, ?i. Tne art or science of
who, etc. cultivating the ground ;" tillage husbandry. — Ag-
—
;

Aggravate, ag'gra-vat, v. t. To make worse, more ricuKtural, a. Agricul'^turist, n. One skilled in,
severe, to enhance; to give an ex-
more enormous ;
etc.
aggerated representation of; to provoke or irritate; Agrimony, ag'rl-mo-ni, n. A wild plant having yel-
to tease. —
Aggravation, -va'shun, n. Act of, or that low flowers.
which, etc. ; exaggerated representation ;
provoca- Agrin, a-grin'', adv. In the act of grinning.
tion ; irritation. Agriology, ag-ri-oKo-ji, n. The comparative study of
Aggregate, ag'gre-gat, v. t. To bring together to :
human customs, esp. of men in their natural state.
collect into a sum or mass ; to accumulate, pile. Agrostis, a-gros'*tis, n. (Bot.) genus of grasses^ A
— a. Formed by
parts collected. (Law.) United Dent-grass; red-top.
in one bod}' corporate. n. An assemblage of par- Aground, a-grownd''. adv. On the ground stranded. ;

ticulars; sum total; lump. Aggrega'tion, M. Act — Ague, a^'gu, n. Chilliness; an intermittent fever, at-
of, or state of being, etc. Ag -gregative, -tiv, a. — tended oy alternate cold and hot fits. —A'guish, a.
Causing aggregation collective. Ag'grega'tively, — Ah, a, interj. An exclamation, expressive of surprise,
adv. — Ag'gregator, ;

-ter, n. One who, etc. pity, contempt, joy, pain, etc.— Aha, a-ha', intery.
Aggress, ag-gres*^, v. t. [aggkessed (-gresf), -gress- An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or
IXG.] To make attack to begin a quarrel.
a first simple surprise.
—
;

n. Attack. Aggression, -gresh'un, n. First at- Ahead, a-hed'', arf?!. Farther forward: onward.
tack; act leading to controversy; invasion; encroach- Ahoy, a-hoi', interj. A sailor's call to attract attention.
ment. —
Aggres'sive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc. Ag- — Ahull, a-huK, adv. With the sails furled, and the
gres''sively, adv. Aggres'siveness, n.— Aggres'- — helm lashed on the lee side. '

sor. -ser, n. _ Aid, ad, v. t. To support, by furnishing means to

Aggrieve, ag-grev'', V. t. [AGGRiEfED(-grevd''), -griev- effect a purpose or prevent evil to assist, succor,
ing.] To give pain to to afflict to oppress or in- ; ; befriend. n. —
Help; the person or thing that aids;
;

jure to harass.
; an aid-de-camp. Aid'ance, n. Assistance. Aid-de-
Aghast, a-gast', a. or adv. Struck with amazement; camp, ad'dg-kaN, n. ; pi. Aids-de-camp, adz- (Mil.y
stupefied with sudden fright or horror. One who assists a general officer in his military"
Agilo, aj^'il, a. Quick of motion; nimble; lively; duties. [F.] —
Aid'er, n. —
Aid'ful, -ful, a.

stln, cube, fyll ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 — ' —

AIL 10 ALFALFA
4iil, al, V.t. [AILED (aid), AILING.] To affect with strike at a particular hour. Alarum, a-la'rum, n.
pain, physical or mental to trouble. v. i. To ; — —
Same as Alarm; applied to a contrivance attached
feel pain; to be troubled. Ail, Ail'ment, n. Slight— to a clock for calling attention.
disease; indisposition; pain. Alas, a-las', interj. An exclamation expressive of sor-
Ailantos, a-lan-'tus, n. A genus of trees, native of row, pity, concern,
India and China; — commonly, but improperly, or apprehension of
spelt ailanthus. evil.
Aim, am, i. [aimed (amd), aiming.]
v. To point with Alb, aib, n. An ec-
a missive weapon; to direct the intention or pur- clesiastical V e s t-
pose. —
V. t. To direct or point, as a weapon; to di- ment of white lin-
rect to a particular object. n. The pointing or — en.
directing to an object, with a view to hit or affect Albatross, aKba-
it; the point to be hit, or affected; intention; direc- tros, n. A very
tion; end; endeavor. Aimaess, a. —
Aim''lessly, — large web-footed
adv. sea-bird of the
Air, kr, n. The fluid we breathe; the atmosphere; a Southern Ocean.
gas, as, fixed air ; a light breeze look or mien. ; Albata, al-ba'ta, n.
(Mus.) A
melody or tune.— n.?jL affected, vain An German silver, an
manner. v. —
t. To expose to the air to ventilate. alloy of copper,
—
;

Air'ing, n. Exposure to air; an excursion in the zinc (or tin), and Albatross.
open air. —Airy, ar'i, a. Pert, to, made of, or re- nickel.
sembling air; high in air exposed to the air; un- ; Albeit, awl-be'it, conj. Although; be it so; notwith
substantial; frivolous; livelj^ (Paint.) Having the standing.
light and aerial tints true to nature. Air'tly, adv. — Albelen, aKbe-len, n. A fish of the trout species.
In an airy manner; gayly. —
Air'iness, n. Openness Albertype, aKber-tip, n. A picture printed from
to the air levity ;gayety. Air'bath, n. An ar-
; — gelatine plate prepared by means of a photographit
a

rangement for drying substances in air of any de- negative.

sired temperature. bed, n. An air-tight bag, in- Albigenses, aFbT-jen'sez, n. pi. party of reformers, A
flated, and used as a bed. bladder, n. An organ who separated from the church of Rome in the
in fishes, containing air, by which their buoyancy 12th century —
so called from AIM, in Languedoc.
;

is regulated. brake, ?i. {Much.) contrivance A Albino, al-bi'no, n. ; pi. Albi'nos. person or ani- A
•compressed air. —
for stopping the motion of car-wheels by the use of
brick, n. An iron box of the
size of a brick, built into walls for ventilation. —
mal having preternatural whiteness of skin, flaxen
hair, and pink iris.
Albion, aKbl-un, n. A poetic name of England.
-cells, n. pi. Cavities for air in the leaves, stems, etc., Albugineous, al-bu-jin-'t-us, a. Pertaining to the white

sacs. —
of plants minute bronchial cells, in animals air-
drain, n.
;

A
space round the walls of a build-
ing, to prevent dampness. gun, n. gun discharged A
; of an egg, and hence to the white of the eye.
Album, al'bum, n. A blank book, for the insertion
of autographs, photographs, literary memorials, etc.
by the elastic force of air. hole, n. An opening
for air; a hole produced by a bubble of air.
n. A
plant apparently nourished by air only; an
plant, — Albumen, al-bu'men, w. {Bot.) Nourishing matter
found in seeds. (Physiol.) A substance existing
nearly pure in the white of egg, and its chief com-
epiphyte. —
-poise, -poiz, n. ponent.
An instrument for ascer- Alburnum, al-ber''num, n. The white and softer part
of wood next to the bark; sap-wood.
air. —pump,
taining the weight of the
n. A ma- Alcaid, al-kad', n. In Spain, the governor of a castle,
chine for exhausting the
from vessels. —
air
sacs, n. pi.
Heceptacles for air in the
fort, or the like; a jailer or warden.
Alcalde, al-kaKde, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge.
Alcedo, al-se^'do, >?. A perching bird; kingfisher.
bodies of birds, which com- Alchemy, aKke-mi, n. Occult chemistry; an ancient
municate with the lungs, . science which aimed to transmute base metals into
—
.

Air-pump.
and render the body spe-
ciflcally lighter.
mine. —
shaft, n. —
passage for air into a
-tight, a. Impermeable to air. trunk, n.
A
—
gold, find the universal medicine, etc.
a. Relating to alchemy.
Alchem'ic,
—
Alchem^ically, adv.
Al'^chemlst, n. One versed in, etc. Alchemist''- —
—
A
roof. —
ventilating shaft, opened from the ceiling to the
vessels, n. Vessels in plants or animals,
which convey air.
ical, a.
Alcohol, aKko-hol, n. Pure or highly rectified spirits,
ardent spirits in general.
Aisle, il, n. {Arch.) The wing of a building; a lateral Alcoran. See Koran.
division of a church, separated from the nave by Alcove, al^'kov or al-kov', n. recess, or part of a A
piers; a passage in a church, etc., into which pews or room, separated from the rest by a partition.
seats open. —
Aisled, ild, a. Having aisles. Alder, awl'der, n. tree A
or shrub of several vari-
Ajar, a-jiir', ado. Partly open, as a door. eties.
Akimbo, a-kim'bo, a. With elbow bent outward. Alderman, awVder-man, n.; pi. Al'der-men. mag- A
Akin, a-kin', a. Related by blood; allied by nature. istrate or officer of a city or town corporation.
Alabaster, aKa-bas-ter, n. {Min.) A compact variety Ale, al, n. A
liquor made from malt by fermentation;
of sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture. a. — an English country festival, so called from the liquor
Pert, to, or resembling, etc. drunk._
Alack, a-lak'', Alackaday, a-lak'a-d'a, interj. Excla- Alee, a-le', adv. (Naut.) On the
mations expressive of sorrow. side opposite to the side on which
Alacrity, a-lak'rt-tt, n. Cheerful readiness; ardor; the wind strikes.
liveliness; promptitude. Alembic, a-lem'bik, n. A chemi-
Alamode, al-a-mod', adv. According to the mode or cal vessel, formerly used in dis-
fashion. ?!.— A
thin, glossy, black silk. [F.] tillation.
Alarm, a-larm', n. A
summons to arms; a notice of Alert, a-lerf, a. Watchful vigi- ;

—
approaching danger; surprise with fear or terror; ap- lant ;moving with celerity.
prehension a mechanical contrivance for awaking Upon the alert. Upon the watch.
persons from sleep.
;

v. t. —
[alarmed (a-larmd'), — Alert'ly, adv. Alert'ness, —
alarming.] To call to arms for defense; to fill with n. Briskness watchfulness
apprehension to disturb. ; Alarm'ingly, adv. — — promptitude; nimbleness.
; ;

Alarm''ist, 71. One who excites alarm. Alarm''-bell, — Alewlfe, al'wif, n. ; pi. Ale-'wives, Alembic.
n. Abell that gives notice of danger. clock, -wivz. An American fish resembling a herring.
n. A
clock made to ring at a particular hour. — Alexandrine, al'egz-an'drin, n. A verse of twelve syl-
-gauge, A
contrivance applied to boilers to
-gaj, n. lables, or six iambic feet; —
so called from a French
show when the steam is too strong or water too low. poem on the life of Alexander.
post, n. A place to which troops repair in case of Alfalfa, al-fal'fa, n. A perennial plant, allied to
alarm. —
-watch, ?i. watch that can be set toA clover.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, f Sre ; Snd, eve, tgrm 5 th. Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r t
 ALGA 11 ALLOPATHY
Alga, aKga, n.; pi. Alg,*;, al'je. grand division of A altogether. n. —
The whole number, quantity, or
cryptogaraic plants, embracing sea-weeds. amount; the total. —
All along. Continually: reg-
Algarot, aKga-rot, n. An emetic powder, prepared ularly. —
All that. A
collection of similar things;
from antimony. et caetera. —
All-fools'-day. The 1st of April, when
Algebra, aKje-fira, n. (3fath.) That branch of anal- it is a custom to play tricks, or make fools. All- —
j-sis which investigates the relations and properties fours. A
game of cards, containing four chances.
of numbers by nieans of letters and other symbols. To go on all fours, to move on four legs, or on two
— Algebraic, -bra'ik, -leal, a. Pert, to, or performed legs and two arms or hands. —
All-hail. All health;
by, ttc. — Algebra'ically, adv. By means of, etc. — a phrase of salutation. —
All-hallow, -hallows, -hal-
Al'gebraist, n. One skilled in, etc. lowmas. All-Saints'-day. —
All-hallow-tide. The
Algid, al'jid, a. Chilled with cold. Al'gide, -jid, a.— time near All-Saints'. —
All-Saints'-day. The first
Characterized by great coldness, said of certain dis- day of November, a feast in honor of all the saints.
eases. —
Algid^ity, n. —
Algific, -jif 'ik, «. Produ- — All-souls' -day. The second of November, a Ro-
cing cold. —
Al''gor, -gor, n. {Med.) Unusual cold- man Catholic solemnity, when the souls of the faith-
ness; chill at the onset of fever. ful are prayed for. Allspice. —aromatic berry An
Algoazil, al-ga-zel', n. A
Spanish officer of justice. of the West Indies. —
All-sufficient. Sufficient for
Alias, a'll-as, adv. Otherwise; otherwise called; a — everv thing. —
All told. All counted; including the
term used in legal proceedings to connect the differ- whole number. — At all. A phrase of enforcement
ent names of a party who has gone by two or sev- or emphasis, signifying, in the least; under any cir-
eral, and whose true name is doubtful. n. (Latv.) — cumstances.
A second or further writ issued after one has expired Allah, al'lii, n. Arabic name of_the Supreme Being.
without effect an assumed name. [L.]
; Allay, al-la', v. t. '[.\ll.\yed (-lad'), allayixg.] To
Alibi, al'I-bi, n. {Law.) When
one on trial for crime put at rest, appease, abate, mitigate, or subdue.
shows that he was elsewhere when the act was com- Allay. See Alloy.
mitted, he is said to prove an alibi; hence, the de- Allege, al-lej', v. t. [alleged (-lejdO, alleging.]
fense under which this proof is made. [L., else- To bring forward with positiyeness to produce, as ;

y_ where.] an argument, plea, or excuse. Allegation, al-le- —

Alien, al'yen, a. Xot belonging to the same country; ga'shun, n. Positive declaration.
foreign; different in nature. n. —
foreigner; a A Allegiance, al-le'jans, n. Obligation of a subject to
Joreign-born resident of a country, in which he has his prince or government loyalty. ;

n<.t citizenship. —
Al'ienage, n. State of being an Allegory, al'le-go-rl, n. A
story in which the direct
alivn. — Al'ienate, v. t. To convey or transfer to and literal meaning is not the real or principal one,
ano.her, as title, property, or right; to make indif- but images forth some important truth; figurative
ferent or averse to estrange. a. Estranged. — — description. —
Allegoric, -gSr'ik, -ical, a. In the
Al^iena'^tion, n. {Latv.)
;

A
transfer of title, or legal manner of, etc. figurative. Al'legorize, -rlz, v. t.
; —
conveyance of property, to another. State of being [allegokized (-rizd), -rizing.] To form or turn
alienated or transferred ; estrangement, as of the into, etc. to understand in an allegorical sense. —
affections derangement ; insanity. Al''ienator, — V. I. To
;

use, etc. —
Allegoriza'tion, n.
-ter, n.
;

—
One who, etc. Aliene, al-yen', v. t. To Allegretto, aRa-grefto, a. {Mils.) Quicker than an-
convey_ or transfer, as property; to estrange. Al- — dante, but not so quick as allegro. [It.J
—
ienee, al-yen-^', n. One to whom a thing is sold. Allegro, al-la'gro, a. {Mus.) Quick, brisk, livelj'.
— Alienism, aKyen-izm, n. State of being an alien. n. A quick,
sprightly strain or piece. [It.]
Alienist, al'yen-ist, n. A
physician who makes a Alleluiah, al-le-lu'ya, n. Praise to Jehovah.
speeialtv of insanity. —
a. Kelatine to insanity. Allemande, al-le-mand'', n. German waltz. {Cook- A
Alight, a-llt'', V. i. To get down or descend, as from ery.) A
white sauce.
on horseback; to dismount; to fall or descend, and Alleviate, al-le^vT-at, v. t. To make light or easy to be
settle, or lodge. borne; to remove in part; to make easier; to lessen,
Alight, a-lit'', a. Lighted; burning. mitigate, assuage, allay. —
Allevia''tion, n. Act of,
Align, a-lin'', r. t. [aligived (-lindO, '^lig^ing.] To etc. miti<;ation. —
Alle'viative, -tiv, a. and n. That,
adjust or form by a line, as troops. v. i. To form — or that
;

which, alleviates.
inline. —v. t. {^ngin.) To lay out the ground-plan, Alley, aKlt, n. ; pi. Alleys, aKltz. walk in a gar- A
as of a road. den; a narrow passaM, as distinct from a public
Alike, a-llk', a. Having resemblance; similar; with- street. —A
large marble.
out difference. Alliaceous, al-ll-a'shus, a. Pert, to garlic; having the
Aliment, aKl-ment, n. That which feeds or supports; smell or properties of, etc.
food; nutriment. —
Alimenfiveness, n. (Phren.) Alliance. See under Ally.
The organ of appetite for food or drink. See Alligate, aKlY-gat, v. t. To tie together; to unite.
Phrexology. Alligator, al-li-ga'ter, n. large carnivorous am- A
Alim ony, _al'T-mo-ni, n. An allowance made to a phibious reptile, of
wife out of the estate of a husband from whom she the Saurian family,
is separated. peculiar to America.
Aliped, aKt-ped, . a. Wing-footed. n. An animal — AUineate, al-lin'i-at,
having toes connected by membranes serving as v.t. {Surv.) Toad-
wings, as the bat. just to a line ; to
Aliquant, aKt-kwant, a. Xot dividing another num- align.
ber without a, remainder. Allision, al-lizh''un, n.
Aliquot, aKi-kwot, a. Dividing exactly, or without Astriking against.
remainder. Alliteration, al-lit'er-
Alive, a-liv' a. Having life; not dead; susceptible. a'shun, n. Repeti-
Alizarine, a-liz''a-rin, n.
der.
A
coloring principle mad- m tion of the same let-
Alligator.
ter at short intervals.
Alkali, al'ka-li or-lT, n. {Chem.) One of a class of —Allit'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc.
caustic bases, which are soluble in water and alco- Allocate, aKlo-kat, v. t. To place, set apart, allot.
hol, unite with oils and fats to form soap, neutralize —Alloca^'tion, n. Act of putting one thing to an-
and change reddened litmus to blue. AKkaUne, — other; admission of an article of account; allow-
-lin or -lin, a.' Having the qualities of, etc. Al- — ance made upon an account. — AUoca'tur, n. {Law.)
kalin'ity, n. Quality which constitutes, etc. —Al- Allowance of a thing or proceeding, by a court or
kaliza'^tion, n. The act of rendering alkaline by judicial officer.
impregnating with, etc. —
Al'kalize, -liz, v. t. To AUocntion, al-lo-ku'shun, n. An address ; esp. by the
alkalify. —
Al'kaloid, n. { Chem.) salifiable base A pope to his clergy.
existing in some vegetables as a proximate principle. Allodium. al-lo'dT-um, n. {Laiv.) Freehold estate;
— Alkaloid 'al, a. land which is the absolute property of the owner.
Alkoran, aKko-ran, n. The Mohammedan Bible; a —Allo'dial, o. {Law.) Pert, to, etc.; free of rent
tower of a mosque in which the Koran is read.
— or service, —
opp. to feudal.
All, awl, a. Every one the whole. adv. Wholly
; ; Allopathy, al-lop'a^thT, n. Employment of medicines
sfin, cQbe, fyll ; moon, f 6&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — — ; — ;

ALLOT 12 ALTOGETHER
to produce effects opposite to those resulting from
disease; the ordinary practice, as opp. to homeopathy.
Alouchi, Aluchi, a-lu'che, «. compound resin ob- A
tained from Madagascar.
Allot, al-lof, V. t. To divide or distribute, as by lot; Aloud, a-lowd', adv. With a great noise; loudly.
to distribute in parts; to grant, as a portion; to give, Alow, a-lo', adv. In a low place not aloft.
assign, apportion. —
Allofment, n. Act of allotting; Alp, alp, n. Avery high mountain; esp. in the
;

—
part allotted. —
Allottee, -te', n. One to whom a mountain ranges of Switzerland.
thing is allotted. Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. An animal of Peru, having long,
iillOW, [^ALLOWED (-lowdO. -LOWING.]
al-loW'', V.
t. fine, woolly hair; a species of
To give, afford, or yield; acknowledge; abate or de- llama; a tnin cloth made of al-
duct; grant license to; permit; show, or prove to be; paca wool mixed with silk or cot-
to approve of, justify. v. i. —
To make abatement. ton.
— AUow'ably, arff . — AUow'ance, w. Act of, etc.; Alpha, al'f a, n. The first letter of
permission or license that which is allowed; a ; the Greek alphabet, used to de-
stated quantity. {Naut.) A limited quantity of note ^rs«. (Astron.) Used to des-
meat and drink, when provisions fall short abate- ; ignate the brightest star in a con-
ment. {Com.) A deduction from the gross weight stellation. — AFphabet, n. The
of goods. — V. t. [ALLOWAJfCED (-anst), -AKCING.] letters of a language
To put upon allowance. order. — AKphabet, arranged in
AKphabet-
Alloy, al-loi'', v. t. [alloyed (-loid''), -loying.] iZe, -IZ, v. t. [ALPHABETIZED (-izd J,
To reduce the purity of, by mixing with a less valua- -TiziNG.] To arrange in the order Alpaca,
ble metal; to abate, impair, or corrupt. n. Any of an alphabet. —
Al'phabeta'rian, n. learner of A
compound of two or more metals a baser metal ; the alphabet; abecedarian. —
Alphabetic, -ical, a.
mixed with a
Allude,
finer ; evil mixed
al-lud'', v. i. To refer to something not directly
witli good. Of, pertaimng to, or arranged in the order of, etc. —
Alphabet^ically, adv.
mentioned; to have reference, advert to. Allusion, — Already, awl-red'T, a_dv. Before this time; now.
-lu-'zhun, n. Indirect reference. {Rhet.) figure A Alsike, aKsik or aKsek, n. A kind of clover.
by which something is applied to, or understood of, Also, awKso, adv. or conj. In like manner; likewise;
another, on account of some similitude between too; m
addition to.
them. —
AUu'sive, -siv, a. Hinting at; referring to.
— Alt, ait, a. or n. {Miis.) The higher part of the scale.
— AUu'sively, adv. Allu''siveness, n. Altar, awFter, n. An elevated place on which sacri-
Allure, al-lur', v. t. [allured (-lurd'), alluring.] fices are offered to a deity; in Christian churches,
To
duce.
try to draw to; to
— AUure^ment, n.
tempt by offers
That which
; to entice, se-
allures. —Al-
the communion table. —
AKtarage, n. Profits of
priests from offerings.
lur^'er, n. A
tempter. Altazimuth, al-taz^l-muth, n. An instrument at-
Alluvium, al-lu'vl-um, -vion, n. ; pi. Allu''via, -vT-a. tached to telescopes for taking azimuths and alti-
(Geol.) Deposits of earth, sand, etc., made by rivers, tudes at the same time. See Azimuth.
floods, etc., upon land not permanently submerged. Alter, awKter, v. t. [altered (-terd), -tering.] To
— Allu'^vial, a. Pert, to, contained in, or composed make some change in; to vary; to change entirely or
of, etc.; washed ashore or down a stream; of fresh- materially. —
v. i. To become, in some respects, dif-
water origin. ferent; to change. —
Al'terable, a. Capable of being
«i,Uy, al-li', V. t. [allied (-lid''), allying.] To altered.— AKterableness, -abil'ity, n. Al'terably. —
unite, or form a connection between. n. ; pi. Al- adf. —
AKterant, a. and n. Same as alterative.—
lies, al-liz''. One united by compact, marriage, or Altera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
—
any tie; a confederate. AlUance, al-li'ans, n. State change; the change made. Al'terative, -tiv, a.—
of being allied a union or connection of interests;
; (Med.) Having power to restore the healthy func-
the compact or treaty which is the instrument of tions of the body without sensible evacuations. n. —
allying persons or parties allied; league; confeder-
;
An alterative medicine.
acy; coalition. Altercate, aKter-kat, v. i. To contend in words; to
;lllyl, aKlU, n. {Cliem.') An organic radical, existing wrangle. —Alterca'tion, n. Warm contention; con-
esp. in garlic and mustard. troversy; wrangle.
Alma Mater, aKma master. college or seminary A Alternate, al-ter-'nat, a. Being by turns; one follow-
where one is educated. [L., fostering mother.] ing the other in succession; reciprocal. n. That
Almanac, awKma-nak, n. A calendar of days, weeks, which happens by turns ^acissitude a substitute.
and months. — ;

Alternate, aKter-nat or al-ter'nat, v. t. To per-

;

Almandine, aKman-dln, n. (Mn.) The red variety form in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to
of garnet, translucent or transparent. change reciprocally. v. i. —
To happen or to act by
Alme, Almeh. aKme. n. In Egypt, a dancing-girl. turns.— Alter 'nately, arfv.— Altema'tion.Ti. Recip-
Almighty, awl-nnt' T, n. God; the Supreme Being. — rocal succession. (Math.) Changes or alterations of
a. Having all power. order in numbers; permutation. Alter 'native, -tiv, ——
Almond, ii'mund, n. The fruit of the almond-tree; a. Offering a choice of two things. n. That which
one of the glands called tonsils, at the base of the may be chosen or omitted; a choice of two things. —
throat. Alter''natively, adv. —
Alter'nativeness, n. Quality
Almost, awl'most, adv. Nearly; for the greatest part. or state of being, etc. (Biol.) Alternate generation;
Alms, ani2, n. pi. Any thing gratuitously given to re- a form of reproduction in which development from
lieve the poor; a charitable donation. Alms'-house, — eggs alternates with that from buds, the individuals
n. A house for the poor; poor-house. Almoner, — arising in the two methods differing from one an.
aKmun-er, n. One who distributes alms for another. other; metagenesis. —Alter'nant, a. (Geol.) In
— Al'moniy, n. A place for^^etc. alternating layers.
Aloe, al'o, n ; pi. Aloes, al'oz. (Bot.) A genus of Althea, al-thc'a, n. (Bot.) genus of plants A
includ-
evergreen herbaceous plants. pi. (Med.) The in- ing the marsh-mallow and hollyhocks. Althe'in, —
spissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a n. (Cfiem.) An
alkaline .substance existing in the
purgative. — Al'oet'ic, -ical, a. marsh-mallow; asparagine.
Aloft, a-loft', arfu. On high. (JS^aut.) In the top; at the Althom, alt'h6rn, n. A
musical instrument similay
mast-head; above the deck. to the saxhorn.
Alone, a-lon', a. Apart from, or exclusive of, others; Although, awl-tho'', conj. Grant all this be it so ;

single; solitary. suppose that; notwithstanding.

Along, a-long'', adv. In a line with the length; length- Altitude, aKtI-tud, n. Height perpendicular eleva- ;

wise; in a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; tion above the ground, or' above a given level.
in company; together. —prep. By the length of, as (Astron.) Elevation of a celestial object above the
disting. f r. across. —
Along''side, adv. By the side horizon.
of a ship. Alto, aKto, n. (Mas.) The part sung by the lowest
Aloof, a^loof ', adv. At or from a distance, but within female voices, between tenor and soprano in i»i
;
—
view apart. prep. At or to a distance from away ; strumental music, the tenor.
;

from. Altogether, awKto-getfe'er, adv. With united action

Alose, a'Tos, n. The American shad. without exception; completely.

Sm, fame, f iir, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm : In, Ice ; 5dd, tSne, 6r
 ALTO-RELIEVO 13 AMENT
Alto-relievo, al'to-re-le'vo, -rilievo, -re-le-a'vo, ii. zon River, also in the Ural Mountains in Siberia,
(^Sculp ) High relief; the figure standing out irom and in Colorado._
the background. I Ambages, am-ba-'jez, n. A circuit of words; a circum-
Altruism, al'troo-izm, n. Regard for others; devotion locution.
to the interests of others; unselfishness; opp. to Ambassador, am-bas'sa-der, n. An envoy of the
highest rank sent to a foreign go\"ernment. Am' —
Aladel, al'u-del, n. A
chemical pot open at each end, bas'^sadresB, n. A female ambassador the wife ol ;

u.<ed in sublimation. an ambassador. —Am^bassage, n. Embassy.

Alum, aKuin, n. A double sulphate of alumina and Amber, am'ber, n. A ycl[i)W lossil resin, rendered
l)'it.isia. —
Alu'mina, -ml-na, Al'umine, -min, 71. electric by friction. — a. Of, resembling, or of the
(Mill.) One of the earths, having two parts of alu- color of, amber.
iiiiiiumanJ tliree of oxygen. Aluminiferous, -nif'- — Ambergris, am^ber-gres, n. A fragrant substance
e;--us, a. Pi-0(lucing or containing alum. Alumin''- — used in perfumery, etc. It is a morbid sijcretion
iuai, Alti'minum, n. The metallic base of alumina; of the intestines of the sperm-whale. — Am'brite,
a very light wiiite metal, not easitj^ oxidized. Alu'- — -brit, n. A fossil gum-resin resembling amber, louml
miaous, «. Pert, to, or containing alum, or alumina. in N^ew Zealand.
— Al'umish, «. Of the nature of alum. Al'um- — Ambidexter, am-bi-deks'ter, n: One who uses both
stoae, a. A mineral containing alum. hands equally well; a double-dealer.
Aluaittus, a-lum''nus, n. ; pi. Aluji'xi, -ni. pupil; a A Ambient. am-^bT-ent, a. Encompassing; surrounding.
araduate of a college, etc. Ambiguous, am-big-'u-us, a. Doubtful or uncertain,
Alva, al'va, n. plant of A
the pondweed order, dried, esp. in respect to signiftcation. Ambig-'nously, adv. —
and used for stuffing beds and upholstery. -^ Ambig'uousness, Ambigu'lty, 71.
Alveary, aKvT-a-rl, n. A
bee-hive; the hollow of the Ambition, am-bish'un,tt. Eager desire of preferment;
ear. —
Alveolus, al-ve'o-lus, n. ; pi. Alve''oli. A power, etc.; greediness. —
Ambi'tious, -shus, a. Pos-
cell in a honey-comb; the socket in the jaw in which sessino;, springing from, or indicating, ambition. —
a tooth is fixed. — —
Al'veolar, a. Pert, to or resem- Ambi'tionless, a. — AmWtiously, adv. — Ambi'-
bling tooth-sockets. Al'veolate, a. Pitted like tiousness, 7i.

honej'comb. —
Alvine, aKvin, a. Pert, to the lower Amble, ani-'bl, v. i. To move, as a horse, by lifting
bellv or intestines. together the two legs on one side; to pace; to move
Alway, awKwa, Al'ways, aeVv. Perpetually; regularly aft ectedlj'. ?i.— Gait of a horse.
at stated intervals; invariably. Ambrosia, am-bro''zha, ?i. {Mijth.) The food of the
Am, the first person singular of the verh to he in the gods, which conferred eternal youth. {Bot.) A
indicative mode, present tense. genus of plants, including rag-weed, hog-weed, etc.
Amain, a-man', adv. Violently; suddenly. {Naut.) Ambrotjrpe, am''bro-tip, ji. A
picture taken on a pre-
Suddenly, or at once. pared glass, in which lights are represented in silver,
Amalgam,' a-maKgam, n. A compound
of mercury, and shades by a dark background, visible through
or quicksilver, with another metal; a mixture of the unsilvered portions of the glass.
different things. —
Amal''gamate, -gamize, v. t. To Ambulance, am'bu-lans, n. {Mil.) flying hospital A
—
compound or mix. i\ i. To unite in an amalgam; to follow an army in its movements. Am'bulant, —
to coalesce, as a result of growth. AmaPgama''- — a. Walking; moving from place to place. Am''bu- —
fcion, w. Act or operation of, etc.; esp. the process lato'ry, a. Able or accustomed to, etc. {Law.) Not
of .separating gold and silver from their ores by mix- fixed in its legal character, but capable of being al-
ing them with mercury the blending of difterent tered, as a will. —
n. Part of a building intended
things or races. —
Amalgamator, -ma'ter, n.
;

ma- A for walking in, esp. a place inclosed by a colonnade

chine for producing an amalgam. or arcade, as a portico.
Amanuensis, a-man'u-en'''sis, n. ; pi. -enses, -sez. One Ambury, am''bu-rT, An'bnry, n. A soft swelling on a
who writes what another dictates, or copies what horse, full of blood.
is written; a copyist. Ambuscade, am'bus-kad, n. A" lying concealed, to
Amaranth, am'a-ranth, n. (Bot.) genus of annual A attack an enemy by surprise a concealed place
plants, with flowers and foliage of various colors and from which to attack ambush. v. t.
; To lie in
;

—
leaves that last long without withering; an imaginary wait to attack from ambush.
; 'bush, -bush, n.— Am
flower that never tades; a purplish color. Act of attacking, etc. an ambuscade troops con-
;

A
;

Amaryllis, am-a-ril'lis, n. {Bot.) bulbous plant, cealed, etc.—V. t. [ambushed (-busht), ambushing.]
with large, lily-like flowers of various colors. To lie in wait for^; to surprise; to' place in ambush.
Amass, a-mas', v. i. [amassed (a-mast''), am.\ssing.] Ameer, Amir, a-nier''. Same as Emeer, Emir.
To collect into a mass or heap; to accumulate, pile Ameliorate, a-meKyo-rat, v. t. To make better; to im-
up, gather. —
Amass'^able, a. Capable of being, etc. prove, —v. I. To grow better; to meliorate.— Amel-
— Ajnass'^ing, n. Act of accumulating; what has iora'tion, w.— Amel'iorative, -tiv, a. Producing, etc.
been accumulated. — Amass'^ment, n. Accumula- Amen, a'men'' (in singing pron. a'men''). An ex-
tion. pression used at the end of prayers, meaning, So he it.
Amasthenic, am-as-then'ik, a. Uniting all the chem- Amenable, a-me-'na-bl, a. Liable to be brouglit to
ical rays into one focus, —
said of a lens; arnacratic. account or punishment; responsible; willing to yield;
Amateur^ am-a-ter', n. One who cultivates a study or submissive. —
Ame^nably, adv. Amenabil'ity —
art, without pursuing it professionally. Amateur'- — Ame^nableness, n. State of being, etc.
ish, a. Inclined to, etc. Amend, a-mend', v. t. To change for the better; to cor-
Amative, am'a-tiv, Full of love
a. amorous ama- ; ; rect, reform. —V. i. To grow better. —Amend'er, n.
tory. — Am''ativeness, n. {Phren.) Supposed seat of — Amend^'ment, n. An
alteration for the better; cor-
sexual desire propensity to love. See Phrexol- rection of faults; reformation by quitting vices; in
OGY. — ;

Amato''rial, Am'atory, a. Relating to, in- public bodies, an alteration in a bill or motion by
duced by, or expressive of, love. adding, changing, etc. {Law.) Correction of an er-
Amaurosis, am-aw-ro''sis, n. {Med.) loss or deca}' A ror in a wnt or process. Amends', n. sing, and —
of sight, without visible defect in the eye, usually ]>l. Compensation for loss or injury ; satisfaction ;
from loss of power in the optic nerve. iunaurofic, — equivalent.
-rofik, a._ Pert, to, etc. Amende, a-maNd', n. A fine or punishment; repara-
Amaze, a-maz', v. t. [amazed (-mazd'), amazing.] tion retraction. —Amende honorable, -on'o-ra'bl.
;

To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or won- Public recantation or apology for injury. [F.]
der to confuse with terror and astonishment. n. — Amenity, a-men'T-tT, n. Agreeableness in situatic
situation.
;

Astonishment perplexity.
; Ama''zedness, n. — — climate, manners, etc.
Amaze'ment, n. A
feeling of surprise and wonder;
— Ament, am'ent, ». {Bot.) A
species of inflorescence,
perplexity from, etc. admiration confusion.
; ; consisting of a scaly
Ama'zingly, adv. In an amazing degree. sort of spike, as in the
Amazon, am'a-zon, n. One of a fabulous race of fe- alder, birch, etc. a
male warriors, on the coast of the Euxine; a warlike catkin. —
Amenta '-
;

or masculine woman a virago. Am''azonite, -it,

; — ceous, -ta'shus, a.
n. (.Min.) A
variety of feldspar, found near the Ama- Producing catkins. Ament.
sun, cube, full ; moon, iSbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boNboN, chair, get.
 AMENTIA 14 ANABASIS
Amentia, a-inen'sht-a, n. Imbecility) idiocy. Amphibole, am-'fi-bol, n. (Geol.) Hornblende, which
Amerce, a-mers', v. t. [amerced (-mersf), amee-
by
is easilv mistaken for augite.
Hornblende trap-rock.
Amphib'olite, -lit, «. —
CiNG.J To punish by a pecuniary penalty fixed ;

the court; to punish, in general. —

Amerce'ment, n. Amphibology, am-fi-boKo-jt, n. A phrase, proposi-
(Law.) Pecuniary penalty inflicted at the discretion tion, etc., susceptible of more than one interpreta-
of the court. —Amer'cer, n. tion.
American, a-mer'T-kan, a. Pert, to America, —
esp. to Amphibrach, am'fi-brak, n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot of
the United States. n. Native of, etc., formerly three syllables, the middle one long, the first and
applied to the aboriginal inhabitants but now to ; last short.
descendants of Europeans born in America, esp. in Amphicar-'pic, -carpous, am-fl-car'pus, a. (Bot.) Bear-
the United States. —Amer''icanism, -izm, n. Word, ing fruit of two kinds.
phrase, or idiom peculiar to America regard of Amphictyons, am-fik'tr-unz, n. pi. A council of dep-
Americans for their country or its interests.
;

— uties from the difterent states of ancient Greece.

Amer''icanize, -iz, v. t. [-ized C-izd), -izing.] To Amphic'tyon'tc, a. — Amphictyony, -fik'tl-o-nl, n.
render American. A league ofneighboring states.
Amethyst, ara'e-thist, n. A subspecies of quartz, of a Amphigean, am-fij'e-an, a. Extending over aU the
bluish violet color. —Amethysfoline, -lin, w. Vol- zones of the earth.
atile fluid found in cavities of the amethyst. Amphigory, Nonsense verses; a rig-
am-fig^o-rY, n.
Amiable, a^'ml-a-bl, a. Worthy of love; deserving of marole, with apparent meaning, but really meaning-
affection; charming. —
A'^miableness, -biKity, n. less. —
Amphigor'^ic, a. Nonsensical; absurd.
Amianth, am''t-anth, Amianthus, am-t-an'thus, n. Amphimacer, am-fim'a-ser, n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot ofi
{Min.) An incombustible flax-like mineral sub- tm-ee syllables, the middle one short, and the others
stance, which may be wrought into cloth and paper. long.
Amicable, am't-ka-bl, a. Harmonious in mutual in- Amphiprostyle, am-fip'ro-stil, n. AHouble prostyle,
tercourse; friendly; peaceable. or an edifice with columns in front and behind, but
Amice, am''is, Am'lct, n. A loose flowing garment not on the sides. Amphip'roSty'lar, a. —
worn by pilgrims. (Eccl.) A piece of embroidered Amphitheater, -tre, am-fl-the''a-ter, m.
linen, worn on the head like a hood, or on the shoul- Ai oval or circular edifice, having
ders like a cape. rows of seats one above another,
Amid, a-mid', Amidst', prep In the midst or middle; around the arena; the highest gallery
surrounded by among. ; in a theater. Am'phitheafrical, o. —
Amidships, a-mid'ships, adv. Half-way between the Amphora, amf S-ra, n. An ancient two-
stem and the stern. handled earthen vessel.
Amiss, a-mis'', a. Wrong; faulty; out of order; im- Ample, am^'pl, a. Large in size of
proper. —
adv. Wrongly, etc. great extent or bulk fully sufficient. :
;

Amity, am'I-tt, n. Friendship harmony good un- ; Am''plitude, -tud, n.

; State of be-—
derstanding. ing, etc. extent of capacity or intel- ;

Ammonia, am-mo'nY-a, n. A volatile alkali of a pun- lectual powers, or of means, or re-

gent smell; spirit of hartshorn. —
Ammo^niac, a. Of, sources. Amp'ly, adv. Amplify, — —
or pert, to, etc. — Ammo'niac, or Gum ammo'^niac, am''plT-fi, v. t. [amplified (-fid),
n. (Med.) Concrete juice of an umbelliferous plant, -FYIXG.] To render larger, more ex-
from Persia. tended, or more intense. (Rhet.) To
Ammunition, am-mu-nish'un, n. Military stores for treat copiously. v. i. —To grow or Amphora.
attack or defense; articles used in charging fire-arms become large to dilate. ; Am'plia- —
and ordnance; as powder, balls, shot, etc. tive, -plT-a-tiv, Am-'plifica'tive, a. Serving or tend-
Amnesty, am'nes-tt, n. A general pardon of offenses ing to, etc.
against government. Ampiilla; am-pul'la, n. An ancient flask or bottle,
Amoeba, a-me'ba, n. (Zool.) An animalcule capable having a narrow neck and big bel-
of numerous changes of form. — Amoe^biform, ly; a drinking cup. (Bot.) A hol-
Amoe'boid, a. Resembling, etc. —
Amoe'bous, -bus, low leaf. (Anat.) A dilatation in
a. Of, or pert, to, etc. • the semi-circular canals of the ear.
Among, a-mung'. Amongst, a-mungsf, prep. Mixed [L.] — Ampullaceons, -la'shus, a.
or mingled with; associated with; making part of the Bottle-shaped.
number of. Amputate, am''pu-tat, v. t. To cut
Amontillado, a-mon-'til-la'do, n. A dry sherry. [Sp.] off, as a limb. Amputa'tian, n. —
Amorous, am-'o-rus, a. Inclined to love prone to Amuck, a-muk'', n. Act of killing;
sexual enjoyment; enamored; in love; of, or caused slaughter.
;

adv. Wildly indis- AmpuUa. —

by, love. criminately. To run amuck. To — ;

Amoroso, am-o-ro'so, n. A lover. —

adv. {Mies.) Lov- rush out frantically, attacking all comers, as is done
ingly; tenderly. [It.] by fanatics in the East.
Amorph, am''5rf, n. CChem. and Min.) A body with- Amulet, am^u-let, n. Something worn to prevent
out crystalline structure. — Amor^phism, n. A state evil a charm inscribed with mystic characters.
;

of being, etc., as in glass, opal, etc. — Amor'^phous, Amuse, a-muz', v. t. [amcsed (-muzd''), asiusittg.I
-fus, a. Having no determined form of no partic- To entertain agreeably: to keep in expectation, de-
ular character ;anomalous. —
Amor^photae, -fo-te,
;

lude, divert. Amuse^ment, n. That which, etc. —

n.pl. (Astron.) Stars not comprised in any constel- pastime.
lation. Amylaceous, am-Y-la'shus, a. Pert, to starch. —Am'-
Amortize, a-mSr'tTz, v. t. (Law.) To alienate in mort- ylene, -Y-len, n. A hydro-carbon of anesthetic prop-
main. — Amortiza'tion, Amor'tizement, -tiz-ment, erties. Amyl'ic, a. Of or from starch. —
n. (Law.) Act or right of alienating lands to a cor- AHj, a. Commonly called the indej^vite article. It
poration, considered as transferring them to dead Signifies one or any, but less emphatically, and is used
hands, or in mortmain extinction of debt, esp. by
; before a vowel sound.
a sinking fund. An, conj. If. [Oh.?.]
Amount, a-mownt', r. i. To rise or reach by accumu- Ana, a'na. A suffix to names denoting a collection ot
lation to come in the aggregate to be equivalent. memorable sayings. Thus, ScaKgerana is a book of
— ;

n. Sum_total effect, substance, or result.

;
;

sayings by Scaliger. Sometimes used alone as a

Amour, a-moor'', n. A
love intrigue. noun.
Ampfere, SN'par'', -pere, am-par', n. The unit of Anabaptist, an-a-bap'tist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One wh&
electric current. denies the validity of infant baptism, and maintains
Amphibious, am-fib''i-us, a. Able to live in the air and that those so baptized ought to be baptized again. —
water; adapted for living, etc.; partaking of two na-
tures. — Amphib'iously, adv. —
Amphib'iousness, n.
Anabaptis^'tic, a. —
Anabap''tism, n. The doctrine
of, etc.
— Amphib'ia, -I-a,M.pi. (Zo'ol.) The class of reptiles Anabasis, a-nab'a-sis, n. Lit., a going up; esp., Cyrus'
which includes the saurian s. Amphib^ian, n. — An invasion of Asia ; a great military expedition. ( Jfed.)
amphibious animal. —a. Of, or pert, to, etc. The first period, or increase of a disease.
fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tgrm ; tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, dr
 ANAOATHARTIC 15 ANCHOR
Anacathartic, an'a-ka-thar'tik, a. Exciting dis-
—
solve into first principles or elements. — Analyzahla,
charges from the mouth and nose.
—
j». A medicine -liz'a-bl, a. Capable of being, etc. — An'alyzer, w-
having this property: opp. of cathartic. Anamnesis, an-am-ne^'sis, n.
Anachoret, Anachorite. See Axchoket. (lilitt.) A
recalling something
Anacharis, an-ak'a-ris, >i. {Dot.) A fresh-water weed — l/lM^J
wiiich obstructs navijjation waterwecd.
Anachorism, an-ak^o-nzm, n. A practice or expres-
;
omitted.
tik, a.
Anamnestic,
Aiding memory.
Anamorphism, an-a-mdr'fizm, n.
-nes'^-
L
^ W^ 1

sion differing from tlie usage of the country in which A progression from one type to 1

xm
it is employed. another; anamorphosis. — Ana-
Anachronism, an-ak'ro-nizni, n. An error in chro- morphosis, -mor'fo-sis or -mSr- t^ ~1%
iiologj', l)y which events are misplaced iu regard to fo^'sis,
re. (Persp.) distorted A
each other. —
Anach''roni3t''ic, a. Involving, etc. representation of an image on a
Anaclastics, an''a-klas''tiks, n. That part of optics plane or curved surface, which,
concerning the refraction of light; dioptrics. viewed from a certain poitit, or
AnaclisiB, an'a-klc'sis, «. {Med.) Position taken by a by reflection from a mirror, ap-
sick person in bed. pears in proportion. (Bot.) A
Anacoluthon, an'a-ko-lu'thon, n. {Rliet.) Waiit of morbid or monstrous develop-
sequence in the parts of a sentence, when one part ment, or change of form, or de-
has a diiferent grammatical construction from an- generation.
other. —
Anacolu'thic, -thical, a. Anandrous, an-an''drus,a. (Bot.)
Anaconda, an-a-kou'da, n. A large snake of the Boa Without stamens.
famih', which lives in South America. Anapaest, an-'a-pest, n. ^Pros.)
Anacreontic, a-nak're-on'tik, a. Pert, to, or after the In Greek and Latin versifica-
manner of the Greek poet Anacreon. n. A poem
, — tion, a foot of three syllables,
in praise of love and wine. the first tv.'o short, the last long;
Anacrusis, an-a-kroo'sis,?;. {Pros.) prefix of unac- A in English versification, a foot
cented syllables to a verse beginning with an accented having two unaccented sylla-
syllable' bles, followed bj^ an accented
Anadem, an'a-dem, n. A
garland fillet chaplet. ; ; one; — the reverse of the
Anamorphosis.
Anadiplosis, an'a-dl-plo'sis, n. (Jihet.) repetition A dactyl.
of words in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of Anaphora, (Rhet.) Repetition of words
a-naf^'o-ra, n.
the next. at the beginning of two or more successive clauses.
Anadrom, an''a-drom, n. A fish that periodically (Med.) Discharge of blood or purulent matter by
leaves the sea to ascend rivers. —
^nad'^romous, the mouth.
-mus, a. Anaplasty, an'a-plas-tt, n. (Surg.) The art of re-
Ansemia, a-ne'mT-a, n. (Med.) Deficiency of blood in storing lost parts or the normal shape.
the system.— An£e''mic,n.—Anaemot''ropliy, -fl, n. Anapodeictic, an'a-po-dik'tik, a. That cannot be
Lack of nourishment in the blood. shown undemonstrable.
;

Aneesthesia, an-es-the''zht-a, Anaesthe'sis, n. (3Ied.) Anaptotic, an-ap-tot'ik, a. (Gram.) Losing inflec-

Entire or partial loss of perception; insensibility pro- tion, —
said of languages which lose inflection, as
duced by disease or by inhaling ether, chloroform, the English.
nitrous oxide gas, etc.— Anaesthefic, a. Capable Anarchy, an''ark-T, re. Want of §:overnment
— soci- m —
of rendering insensible characterized by insen- ety confusion. Anarch'ic, -ical, a. Lawless.
—
;

—
;

sibilit}'. n. That which produces, etc. Anses'- -An'archist, n. One who promotes, etc. An'arch- —
thetize, v. t. To produce, etc. ize, -iz, V. t. To create anarchy in.
"Anaglyph, an''a-glif, n. An embossed or chased or- Anasarca, an-a-sar-'ka, re. (Med.) Dropsy of the cel-
nament, worked in relief, —
when raised on stone a lular tissue. —
Anasarcons, -sark'us, o. Dropsical.
cameo, when sunk an intaglio. Anastasis, an-a-sta'^sis, re. {3Ied.) rising up from A
Anagoge, Anagogy, An elevation of
an''a-go-jT, n. sickness; recovery; a translation of humors to a su-
mind; mystical interpretation of the Scriptures; ap- perior part.
plication to the New Testament of types and alle- Anastrophe, a-nas''tro-tTf, re. (Ehet.) Inversion of
gories of the Old: one of four modes of Scriptural in- the natural order of words.
terpretation, the others being literal, allegorical, and Anathema, a-nath-'e-ma. re. (Antiq.) An offering to
tropological. {Med.) Rejection through the mouth a deity, hung in a temple a curse pronounced by ;

of blood from the lungs. —

Anagogics, -goj''iks, n. ecclesiastical authoritj^ person or thing anathema ;

pi. Mystical interpretations, esp. of the Scriptures. tized. —

Anath''ematize, -tiz, v. t. [anathematized
i&£agram, an''a-gram, n. A transposition of the let- (-tizd), -MATiziNG.] To derxounce with curses.
ters of a name, forming a new word. Anathe^matiza'tion, re. Act of, etc.
Anagraph, an'a-graf, n. A commentary. Anatomy, a-nafo-nit, ?i. Art of dissection
science of ;

Anal, a'nal, a. Belonging to or near the anus or open- the structure of animal bodies; act of dividing any-
ing at the lower extremity of the alimentary canal. thing, to examine its parts thing dissected. Ana- —
Analectic, an-a-lek'tik, a. Collecting or selecting; tom^ic, -ical, a. —
An'atom''ically, adr. Anat'o-
;

—
made up of selections. —
An''alects, AnaleC'ta, mism, -mizm, re. Application of the principles of
-lek'ta. re. pi. A collection of literary fragments. anatomy, as in art. —
Anafomist, re. One dis- who
Analepsis, an-a-lep'sis, n. {Med.) Recovery; conva- sects, oris skilled in, etc. —
Anat'omiza'tion, re. Act
lescence. —
Analep'tic, fJ. Corroborating: invigora- of, etc. —
Anafomize, v. t. [anatomized (-mizd),
ting: giving strength after disease. n. Restorative — -MiziNG.] To dissect; to lay open the interior struc-
medicine. ture of; to analyze.
Analogy, an-aKo-jT, n. A
likeness in some respects, Ancestor, an'ses-ter. n. One from whom a person is
between things otherwise different. (Geom.) Equal- descended; progenitor. —
Ances'tress, re. A female
ity, proportion, or similarity of ratios. Analogous, — ancestor. —
Ancestral, -ses'tral, a. Relating to, or
-gus, a. Correspondent. —
AnaKogously, adv. An'- — descending from, etc. An'cestry, -trt, w. —series A
alogue, -log, n. —
AnaKogon, n. thing analogous A of ancestors lineage birth or
; ;

to some other thing. honorable descent.

Analysis, an-aKt-sis, w. ; pJ. Axal'yses, -sez. reso- A Anchor, ank'^er, re. An iron instru-
lution of any thing into its constituent elements; — ment for holding a vessel at rest
opp. to synthesis. (Chem.) Separation of a compound in water a firm support
; that ;

into its constituents. (Logic.) The tracing of things which gives stability or security.
to their source; resolving of knowledge into its orig- — v.t. [ANCHORED (-erd), anch-
inal principles. (Math.) The resolving of problems oring.] (Naut.) To place at anch-
by equations. —
Analyst, an'a-list, re. One who, or. To fasten to fix in a stable
; Anchor.
etc. — Analyt'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or fond of, etc. condition. —v. i. — To cast anch- aa, stock;
— Analyt'ically, ««:/?'. —
Analyt'^ics, n. The science or; to come to anchor. — Anch'-
— h, shank; cc,
of analysis. — All'' alyze,-liz, v. t. analyzed (-iTzd),
[ orable, a. Fit for anchorage. flukes; dd,a.rms.
-LYZiifG.] To separate into component parts to re- ; Anch'orage, -ej, re. A
place where

sHn, cube, fijll ; moon, fi56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 — . ; —

ANCHORET 16 ANIMADVERT
a ship can anchor; the anchor and all necessary tackle Anfractuous, an-frakt'u-us, a. Winding; full, ol
for anchoring; duty imposed on ships for anchoring turnings.
—
in a harbor. Anch^ored, -erd, a. {Heraldnj.) Shaped Angel, an-'jel, n. spirit, or spiritual being; an an-A
as a cross with extremities turned back like flukes of cient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of art
an anchor; written also ancred and ancree. Anch''- — — —
or-ground, n. Ground suitable for anchoring.
n. The hold which the anclior takes; security.
hold, —
angel. a. Resembling, or belonging to, etc.
AngeKic, -ical, an-jeKik-al, a. -— Angel'ically,
flc/y. —
AngeKicalness, Ji.— Angelology, -oKo-jf, n.
-ice, n. Ice at tlie bottom of streams, arwl thus anch- Doctrine oj angelic beings.
ored to the ground ground-ice. smith., n. A
Angel-fish, an''jel-lish, n. species of shark, named A
maker of ancliors. — ;

At anchor or Riding at anchor, from its large wing-like pectoral fins.

said of a ship kept from drifting by the anchor. —
To Anger, an''ger, n. strong passion or emotion of A
cast, or dro}}, anchor. To sink the anchor in the sea the mind indignation resentment wrath rage.
to hold the ship from drifting. —
To cat the anchor. — ;

V. t. LAXGEEED(-gerd), ANGERING.] To cxcite to

; ; ;

To draw it up to the cat-head. —

To fish the anchor. anger; to provoke, displease. An''gry, -gri, a. In- —
To raise the flukes by an appliance called a flsh. —
flamed, as a sore; touched with or showing anger;
To shoe the anchor. To cover the flukes. To sweep —
indignant; furious; choleric. An'gerly, An''gnly> —
the anchor. To dra^ for a lost anchor. J'o weigh —
-gri-ll, adv.
anchor. To raise it from the bottom. —
Anchor Angina, an-ji'na, n. Inflammation of the throat. [L-l
comes home when it drags from its hold. Bower — —
Angina Pectoris, -pek'to-ris, n. distressing af- A
anchor. One of medium size, carried at the bow of a fection of the chest. [L.]
ship. —Ked-TjC anchor. One of small size. —
Sheet Angle, an''gl, n. c orn er A
anchor. One of the largest and strongest kind. {Geom.) The difference of
Anchoret, ank'er-et, -orite, -it, n. A
hermit; recluse. direction of two lines in the
— Anchoret 'ic, a.— Anch^oress, n. female liermit.A same plane that meet or tend
Anchovy, an- cho'vl, n. A
small sea-flsh of the herring to meet in a point; or the dif-
family. —
Ancho'vy pear. A
West India fruit. ference of direction of two
Ancient, an'^shent, a. Old; of former times; advanced planes intersecting, or tending |^~
in years; pristine; antiquated; obsolete. n. pi. —
to intersect, each other. Fish-
Those who lived in f oriner ages, opp. to the moderns ; ing tackle. v. zV [axgled — „.„.,.
very old men. —
Aa'^ciently, -II, adv. In old times. (an'gld), AXGLiXG.] To fish S
,
E, right angle? A
A
— An''cientry, -rl, n. The honor of ancient lineage; with line and hook; to use C D, acute angle;
A
gentry; aristocracy. some bait or artifice to in- B E, obtuse an-
Ancillary, an'sil-la-rt, a. Subservient or subordinate, trigue. Angle of incidence. S^^-— ;

like a handmaid. {Opt.) The angle which a ray of light makes with
And, co)ij. A
particle which expresses the relation of a perpendicular to that point of the surface of any
—
addition, and connects words or sentences. medium on which it falls. Angle o^f refraction. The
Andante, an-diin'ta, a. (J/tts.) Rather slow; less angle wliich a ray of light retracted makes with a
slow than iacf/o, more slow than allegretto. n. — A
perpendicular to 'that point on which it falls. —A
movement or piece in andante time. Andantino, — riglit angle. One formed by a right line falling on
-te'^no, a. Slow, but quicker than andante. [It.] another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90°. An ob- —
Andean, an-de'an, Andine, au'din, a. Pert, to the tuse angle. One greater than a right angle, An —
Andes mountains. acute angle. One less than a right angle. Ohliiiue —
Andiron, and''i-urn, n. A
utensil for supporting angles. Angles that are either acute or obtuse. Fa-
wood in a fire-place; a fire-dog. cial angle. See under Face. Visual angle. The —
Androgynal, an-droj''I-nal, -smous, -nus, a. Having angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight
both sexes; hermaphroditical; having mental char- lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to
acteristics of both sexes. {Bat.) Bearmg both stam- the center of the eve. An'gler, n. One who fishes —
iniferous andpistillii'erous flowers. with a hook. (Ichth.) kind of fish; the fishing- A
Android, an''droid, Androi-'des, -dez, n. machine in A frog. An'gle-bar, -iron, n.
—
— rolled bar of iron A
human form, which performs motions of a man. of an angular shape, for the edges
An''droid, a. Resembling man. of iron safes, etc.; or to connect
Androphagi, an-drot''a-ji, n. Man-eaters anthro- the side-plates of iron boilers, €tc.
—
;

pophagi. Androph'agous, -gus. Inclined to can- —

Angular, an'gu-ler, a. Having,
nibalism. an angle or angles; pointed; form-y
Anecdote, an-'ek-dot, n. A
particular or detached ing an angle sharp and stiff in
fact; incident; story; tale. —
Anecdo'tal, -dot'ic, character. An-'gulames^, -ler- —
;

-dot'ic.a,!, a. Pert, to, etc. ness. Angular'ity, -lar'T-tY, n.

Anemo-dynamometsr, an'e-mo-din-a-mom'e-ter, n. An Quality of being, etc. An'gu- —
instrument for larly, -ler-lT, adv. With angles; in Angle-iron.
measuring the the direction of the angles. An''- —
force and velocity
— gulated, -la-ted, a. Formed with angles. An'gulose, —
of the wind. -los, a. Full of angles.
Anem''ograph, Anglican, an^glt-kan" a. English; pert, to England.
-graf, n. An in- — n. A member of the church of England: esp. of
Btrument for regis- the high-church or ritualistic party. 'glicize, —An
tering the force of -siz, 1-. t. fAXGLUrzED (-sTzd),-cizrxG.] To render
the wind. —
Ane- comformable to English idiom or analogies. An- —
mog'raphy, -ft, n. Anemometer. glo, an''glo. A prefix meaning Z^wr/Zi's^.
A description of Anglice, an'glT-se, adv. In English; in the English
the winds. —
Anemom'eter, n Same as Anemo- manner. [L.]
DYNAMOMETER. Anemom''etry, n. Measurement Angor, an ''gov. n. Intense bodily pain. [L.]
by means of an anemometer. —
Anern'oscope, n. A Angry, Angrily. See under Anger.
weather-cock, esp. a contrivance for bringing down Angtiish, an^'gwish, w. Extreme pain; agony; grief.
the indications of a wind-vane to a dial below. Angular, Angularity. See under Angle.
Anemone, a-ncm'o-nT, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants Anhelation, an'he-la-'shun, ?i. Short breath; difficult
of the crowfoot family; wind-flower. respiration.
Aneroid, an'e-roid, a. Dispensing with the use of AnU, an'il. n. (Bot.) A
shrub whose leaves and stalks
quicksilver. A portable barometer, which dis- yield indigo. —
Anile, an'il, n. dark blue color. A
penses, etc. — Aniline, an'T-lin or -lin, w. dyeing material A
Anetic, an-et'ik, a. (3Ied.) Lessening pain; ano- obtained from indigo, also from benzole in coal tar.
dyne. — a. Pert, to dyes made from aniline.
Aneurism, an'u-rizm, n. soft tumor,
{Anat.') A Anile, an'II, a. Old womanish; imbecile. Anil'lty, —
arising from dilatation or rupture of the coats of an -nil-i-tT, An'ileness, -il-nes, n. Dotage.
artery. Animadvert, an'I-mad-vert', v. i. To turn the mind
Anew, a-nu'', adv. Newly; over again; afresh. with intent to notice; to consider by Avay of crit-
fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — ; ' —

ANIMAL 17 ANTEDATE
icisin or censure to remark, comment.
; Animad- — Annuncia'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a festival, celebrated
version, -ver'shun, n. Remarks by way of criti- March 2.0th, in memory of the angel's arinounce-
cism, etc. ; strictures ; blame. Animadver'sive, — ment to the Virgin Marv. — Annun'xiator, -ter, «.
;

-siv, a. Having the power of perceiving. Ani'mad- — Anodyne, an'o-din, n. Medicine which allays pain.
ver'ter, n. — a. Assuaging pain.
tunimal, an't-mal, n. An organized living being hav- Anoint, a-noinf, r. t. To pour oil upon; to rub with
ing sensation and power of voluntary motion; an unctuous substances; to consecrate, by unction to
irrational being, as disting. fr. man. a. Of, or rela- — smear or daub. —
Anoinfed, n. The Messiah.
;

ting to, animals; pert, to the merely sentient part of Anomaly, a-nom'a-ll, -alism, -lizm, n. Deviation
a creature; consistingjof the flesh of animals. from common rule or analogy; irregularity. (As-
Animalcule, an-T-i.iaKkul, -culum, w. pi. -ccla, -la. ,• tron.) Angular distance of a planet from its perihel-
A. I animal invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. ion, as seen from the sun angle measuring appar- ;

[AniiuulcuUe, as if from a Lat. singular animalcula, ent irregularities in the motion of a planet. Anom'- —
IS a barbarism.]_ alous, -lus, a. Abnormal. Anom'alously, adv. —
Animate, an'I-mat, v. t. To give natural life to to ; Anon, a-non', adv. Quickly immediately at an- ; ;

enliven, incite. a. Alive.— —

An''iniated,^j. a. En- other time; again.
dowed v.'ith animal life; full of life; epirited; lively. Anonymous, an-non'I-mus, a. Wanting a name
— Anima''tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; '

without the real name of the author nameless.

;

vivacity; spirit; sprightliness. —

An'^onyme, -nini, ?i. An assumed name. Ano-
;

—
Animosify, an'T-mos'I-tl, n. Violent hatred; active njrmity, -uiin'I-tT, n. State of being, etc.
enmity; rancor; malignity. Anorexia, an-o-reks'l-a, An'orexy, -1, n. {Med.) Want
"
Animus, an'T-mus, n. Intention; spirit ; temper. [L.] of appetite.
Anise, an'is, n. Aplant bearing aromatic seeds. Another, an-utii''er a. Not the same; different; one
Ankle, an'kl, n. The joint which connects the foot more; any other.
with tRe leg. —
Ank'let, m. An ornament for the Anourous, Anurous, an-oo'rus, a. Without a tail.
ankle. Ansated, an''sa-te_d, a. Having a handle.
Annals, an'nalz, n. j)l. A
history of events in chro- Anserine, an'ser-in, -serous, -us, a. Pert, to, or like a
nological order; a series of historical events; an an- goose, or its skin; silly.
nual publication. —An'' nalist, n. writer of an- A Answer, an'ser, v. t. [answered (-serd), answer-
nals. ing.] To speak or write in return to; to refute; to
Anneal, an-neK, v. t. [annealed (-neld'), axneal- be or act in return to. v. i. —
To make response; to
ixc] To heat nearly to fluidity and then cool be accountable, liable, or responsible; to be or act
slowly, to render less brittle to temper. To heat, ; in return; to conform; to suit. n. Something —
as glass, in order to fix colors. said, written, or done, in return; a mathematical so-
Annex, an-neks', v. t. [annexed (-nekst''), annex- lution. —
An''sweral)le, a. Capable of being an-
ing.] To unite at the end; to affix; to add; to con- swered ; obliged to answer liable to pay, indem- ;

nect, esp. as a consequence. n. extension of a— An nify, or make good responsible suitable equiva-
; ; ;

building a subsidiary building an addition to a

; ; lent.
—
document. Annexation, -a'shun, Annexion, -nek'- Ant, ant, n. An emmet ; a pismire. — Anfbear, -bar,
shun,?i. Act of annexing; addition; vinion. {Law.) -eater, -et'-
Union of property with a freehold, forming a fix- er, n. An
ture. —
Annexa^'tionist, ». An advocate of, etc.
—
animal that
Annex'ible, a. That may be, etc. Annex'ment, n. feeds upon
Act of, or state of being, etc.; thing annexed.
Annihilate, an-ni'hY-lat, v. t. To cause to cease to be
ants.
n.p/.The
—eggs,lar-
to destroj' the form or properties of. Anni'Mla'- — va of ants,
tion, n. Act
of, or state of being, etc. destruction. ; which are
— Anni'Mla'tionist, n. ( Tkeol.) One who believes incased i n
that eternal punishment consists in annihilation; sacs resem-
a destructionist. —
Anni'liilatory, -rl, a. Tending bling eggs.
to, etc.; destructive. — -hiU, n. A
Anniversary, an-nT-ver'sa-rY, a. Returning with the nest of ants.
year at a stated time. n. — A
day celebrated each Antagonist, \ , ,
year. an-tag-'o- Anteater.
Annomination, an-nom'i-na'^shun, n. pun; a para- A nist, n. One who contends with another; adversary;
nomasia alliterfition.
;
f opponent. — Antag'onisfic, -ical, a. — An'tago-
Annotate, an'no-tat, v. i: To make annotations or nisfically, adv. —
Antag'onism, -nizm, n. Opposi-
comments. —
An'notator, -ter, n. A commentator. tion of action counteraction or contrariety of
;

Annotto, an-not'to, Amat'to, Arnofto, n. A yellow- things or principles. Antag-'onize, -niz, v. t. To—
ish-red vegetable dyeing material. act in opposition to contend. ;

Announce, an-nowns', v. t. [announced (-nownsf), Antalgic, an-taKjik, a. Alleviating pain.

ANNOUNCING.] To give first notice of to make Antaphrodisiac, anfaf-ro-diz'T-ak, a. {Med.) Less-
known, publish, advertise. — Announce^'ment, n. —
;

ening venereal desire. n. Anti-venereal medicine. —

Act of, etc. declaration. — Announ'^cer, n.
; Antarctic, ant-ark''tik, a. Opposite to the northern
Annoy, an-noi', v. t. [annoyed (-noid''), annoying.] or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to
To injure or disturo by repeated acts to incom- ; the region near it.
mode, vex, plague. —
Annoy'ance, n. Act of, or Antarthritic, anfiir-thrifik, a. Counteracting gout.
state of being, etc. that which annoys. Annoy'- — — ti. A remedy for, etc.
er, n.
;

Antecede, an-te-sed'^, v. t. To go before intime. — An-

Annual, an''u-al, a. Returning or happening every tece'dent, a. Going before prior; previous.
; n.
year; j'early; performed in a year; lasting only one That which, etc.; 2>?. the earlier events of one's life.
year or season. n. —
A thing happening yearly; a {Grain.) The noun to which a relative refers.
work published once a year; a plant that lasts but {Lofjic.) The first of two propositions in an enthy-
one year or season. meme; the first and conditional part of a hypothet-
Annuity, an-nu'T-tT, n. A sum of money, payable ical proposition.{Math.) The first of two terms
yearly. —
Annu''itant, n. One who has an annuity. of a ratio. —
Antece'^dently, adv. Previously. An- —
Annul, an-nul'', v. t. [annulled (-nuld''), annul- teces'sor, -ser, n. One wlio goes 'before; a leader;
ling.) To make void or of no effect to repeal, ; one who possessed lanjl before the present possessor.
nullify, set aside. —
Annul^'ment, n. Act of, etc. Antechamber, an'te-cham''ber, An'^teroom, -room, n.
Annulet, an'u-let, n. A little ring. {Arch.) A srnall A
room leading to the chief apartment.
flat fillet,encircling a column, etc. {Her.) A little Antecommunion, an''te-com-mun''yiin, n. The part
circle borne as a chargejn coats of arms. of the Anglican liturgy which precedes the conse-
num- cration of the elements in the communion.
— Anniuneration, -a'shun, n.To
Annumerate, an-nii'mer-at, v. t. add to a
ber. Antecursor, an'te-ker'ser, n. forerunner. A
Annunciate, an-nun'shY-at, v. t. To annotmce. — Antedate, an''te-dat, n. date before the true time. A
stln, cube, full : moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 AWTEDILinriAL 18 ANY
— V. t. To
date before the true time; to anticipate; one law or rule to another a thing contrary. An-
; —
to take before the true time. tinc'mian, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect said to
Antedilnvial, an'te-dl-lu''vl-al, Antedilu'vian, a. Be- maintain, that, under the gospel dispensation, the
fore the deluge._ moral law is of no obligation.
Antelope, an'te-lop, n. A
ruminant quadruped, in- Antipapal, an-tl-pa'pal, -papist'ic, -ical, a. Opposing
termediate between the deer and the papacy or popery-.
goat. Antipathy, an-tip'a-thT, n Aversion at the presence
Antemeridian, an'te-me-rid'I-an, of a particular object dislike contrariety. (Nat. ; ;
a. Before noon. Phil.) A contrariety in the properties or affections
Antemundane, an-te-mun''dan, a. of matter.
Before the creation of the world. Antiphlogistic, an'tY-flo-jis'tik, a. {Chem^ Opposed
Antenatal, an-te-na'tal, o. Before to the doctrine of phlogiston (Med.) Counteract-
birth. ing inflammation, —n. Medicine or diet which, etc.
Antenna, an-ten'na, n. ; pi. An- Antiphon, an'tt-fon, Antiphony, -tif'o-nt, n. (3fus.)
ten'n^, -ne, a. (Zool.) mova- A An anthem or psalm sung
in alternate parts: a re-
ble, articulated organ of sensa- Antelope. sponse. — Antiph^onal, Antiphon-'ic, -phon-'ical, a.
tion, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. — Antiph'onal, n. A book of antiphons or anthems.
Antenuptial, an-te-nup'shal, a. Before marriage. Antiphrasis, an-tif'ra-sis, n. (Ehet.) Use of words in
Antepaschal, an-te-pas'kal, a Before Easter. a sense opposite to their proper meaning; irony.
Antepenult, an'te-pe-nult'', An'tepenulfi-ma, n. Antiphrastic, -fras'tik, -tical, a.
(^Fros.) The last syllable but two of a word. Antipode,_ an''tt-pod, n.; pi. Antipodes, -pciz or
Anterior, au-te'rl-or, a. Before in time or place; for- -tip-'S-dez. One of those who live on opposite sides
—
mer ; foregoing. Anteriority, -or't-tT, n. Prece- of the globe, anji whose feet are directly opposite.
dence. Antipope, an'tl-pop, n. One who usurps the popedom.
Anthem, an^'thcm, n. Church music adapted to pas- Antique, an-tek', a. Old; ancient; of old fashion;
sages from the Scriptures; a motet. made in imitation of antiquity. n. Anything
Anthemorrhagic, ant'hem-or-raj''ik, a. {Med.) Tend-
ing to stop hemorrhage.
very old a remnant of antiquity relic.
; — Antiq^ ;

uity, -tik'wl-tl, n. Ancient times, or their peo-

Anther, another, n. (Bot.) That part of the stamen
— ple great age. 2>l- Remains of, etc. — Antiquarian,
-kwa-^rt-an, a. Pert, to antiquity. — h.
;

containing the pollen. Anther- An anti-

if'^erous, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. quary. — Antiqua^rianism, n. Xove of, etc. —An'ti-
Anthesia, an-the''sis, n. {Bot.) The quary, n. One versed in, etc. — An'tiquate, -kwat,
opening of a flower. —
AnthoKogy, V. t. To make obsolete, old, or void. An''tiquated, —
n. A discourse on flowers ; collection p. a. Grown old, or out of fashion; out of use.
of flowers a collection of beautiful
;
Antiaabbatarian, an'tY-sab'ba-ta'rl-anjO. Opposed to
passages from authors. the observance of the Sabbnth. n. One who. etc. —
Anthony's Fire, an^'to-mz -fir, n. The Antiscorbutic, an'tt-sk5r-bu'tik, -bu'tical, a. (Jled.y
erysipelas. Counteracting scurvy.
Anthracite, an'thra-slt, A n. hard Antiscriptural, an-tl-skrip^'chur-al, a. Not accordant
mmeral coal. — An'thracene, -sen, with Scripture.
-cine, -sin, n. (Chem.) A solid hy- Antiseptic, an-tt-sep''tik, a. Opposing putrefaction.
drocarbon produced in distilling —71. A substance which resists or corrects, etc.
coal-tar ; paranaphthaline. Antislavery, an-tl-sla'ver-t, a. Opposed to slavery.
Anthropogeny, an-thro-poj''6-nY, n. Antisocial. an-t1-so''shal, a. Adverse to society or
The development of man. Anthro- — hostile to its existence.
pog''raphy, n. {Phys. Oeog.) The Anther. Antispasmodic, an'tl-spaz-mod'ik, Antispastic, an-tt-
distribution of the human race. a, ovary; spas'tik, a. (Med.) Causing a revulsion ol fluids or
An'^thropoid, a. Resembling man. b, style; humors; counteracting spasm.
— Anthropol'ogy, -]X, n. The nat- c, stigma; Antistrophe, an-tis'tro-fl, n. (Ehet.) Repetition of
ural history of the human species dd, filaments; ;
words in an inverse order; the turning of an dd^'el>
science of man, considered in his ee, anthers. sary's plea aMinst him. (Anc. Lyric Poetry.) Part
entire nature. —
An'thropomor''phlsm, -mSr^'fizm, of a song or dance, around the altar, performed by
n. Representation of the Deity as having human turning from left to right, in opp. to the strophe,
—
form or attributes. An'thropomor'pMte, -fit, n. which was from right to left; the stanza of an ode
A believer in, etc. —
Anthropomor''phous, -fus, a. following the strophe. —
Antistrophic, -strof 'ik, a.
—
Resembling a man. An''tliropoph''agi, -pof 'a-jl, n. Pert, to, etc. ' •

pi. Man-eaters; cannibals. —Anthropopli''agy, -j1, Antithesis, an-tith'e-sis, n. ; pi. -eses, -sez. (Rhet.y
n. CannibaUsra. An oppositionjjf words or sentiments in the same
Antic, an'tik, a. Odd fanciful fantastic ; ludi- sentence; contrast; anything directly opposed to an-
crously wild. n. — A
;

buffoon; odd appearance.

;

other. —
Antithetic, -thefik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or
Anticatnode, an'tt-kath-'od, n. {Phj/s.) The part of containing, etc. —
Antithet'^ically, adv.
a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Antitoxic, an'tlt-tSks'ik, a. Counteracting poison.
Antichrist, an'tl-krist, n. An adversary of Christ; An'titox'in, n. A
substance (sometimes the product
the man of sin. —
Antichristian, -kris'chun, n. An of a micro-organism and sometimes naturally present
opposer of Christianity. —
.a. Opposing, etc. in an animal), capable of counteracting or produ-
Anticipate, an-tis't-pat, v. t. To take or do before cing immunity frojn certain diseases.
another, so as to prevent him; to take up beforehand, Antitrades, an'^l-tradz, n. The higher winds in the
or before the proper time to foresee ; to expect.
; tropics, which blow in a direction contrary to the
— Anticipation, -pa-'shun, n. Act of, etc. previous ; trade winds.
view or impression; foretaste; preconception fore- ; Antitype, an-'tt-tlp, n. That which is prefigured by
thought. —
Anticipative, -tis'l-pa-tiv, a. Antic'- — the type thus the paschal lamb was a type of whica
;

ipator, n. —
Antic 'ipatory, a. Taking before time. Christ is the antitype.
Anticlimax, an-tT-kli'maks, n. sentence in which A Antler, ant'ler, n. A deciduous growth of bone on
the ideas fall, or become less important, at the close. the head of a cervine animal, resembling horns in
Anticlinal, an-tT-kli^nal, a. Marking inclination in op- cattle.
posite directions. n. —
The crest-line from which Anvil, an-'vil, n. An iron block, upon which metals
strata dip in opposite directions; the anticlinal axis. are hammered and shaped.
Antidote, an'tT-dot, n. That which tends to counter- Anxious, agk''shus, a. Greatly concerned or solici-
act poison, etc.— Antido'tal, -dot''ical, a.
dc'tally, -dofically, adv.
Anti- — tous, esp. about something uncertain; accompanied
with anxiety ; disturbed ; uneasy. —
Anx'^iousnesBt
Antifebrile, an-tl-f eb^ril or -f e^'bril, a. Abating fever. Anxi^'ety, ang-zi^e-tT, n. State of being, etc.
Antimony, an''tt-mo-nT, n. A
whitish, brittle metal Any, en'T, a. One out of man j-, indefinitely; some;
used in medicine and the arts. Antimo'nial, a. — an indefinite number or quantity. adv. To any —
Of or pert, to, etc. n. — A
preparation of, etc. extent at all.
;
—
An'ybody, -bod-I, n. Any one per-
.Antinomy, an'tt-no-mt or -tin'o-mt, n. Opposition of son out of many; a person of importance. how*
Sm, fame, far, p&ea or oper&, fSre ; end, eve, tSnn ; tn, Ice ; Odd, tOne, dr
 AORIST 19 APPEND
adv. In any case; at any rate.
decree. where, -whar, ailv.
wise, ar/i'. In any
In any place.
— — Apostasy, a-pos'ta-sl,
principles, or party.
n. Total desertion of one's faith,
—
Apos'tate. -tat, 7t. One who,
-whither, -hwirii'er, wlv. To any place. etc. — «. False, renegade. —Apos'tatize, -tiz, t;. i,
Aorist, a'o-rist, /(. (Gram.) .•V tense in Greek, which [-TATiZEDC-tlzd'), -TIZING.] To abaiKiou, etc.
expresses an action as completed in indeterminate A posteriori, a pos'te-rl-o'ri. (Lo/jic.) Reasoning a
past time. posteriori derives profrositions from observation of
Aorta, a-or'ta, «. The great arterv from the heart. facts, or principles and definitions from general-
Apace, Quickly; hastily; fast.
a-pas', af/c. izations from facts, or infers causes from effects ;
—
Apagoge, ap-a-jco'je, ii. (Loffic.) The proving a the reverse oi a priori. (^P/iilos.) Knowledge a ;jos-
thing indirectly by showing the impossibility of the teriori is derived from facts through induction or
contrary thing. experiment. [L.]
Apart, a-part', wlv. Separately; aside; in a state of Apostle, a-pos'sl, ?t. A
person sent forth to execute
separation, exclusion, or of distinction; in two or some important business one of the twelve disci-
;

—
more parts asunder. Apart'^ment, n. room in A ples of Christ sent to preach the gospel. Apos'tle- —
—
;

a building or house. ship, n. The office, etc. ApoB''tolate, -to-lat, 71.

Apathy, ap'a-thT, n. Want, or a low degree, of feel- Mission ; apostleship. —
ApostoKic, -toKik, -icai,
ing indifference; unconcern. —Apathet'ic, a.
;
— a. Pert, to an apostle or to the apostles, their times,
Ap 'athist, n. One who is, etc. spirit, or doctrines. —
ApostoKically, ac/y.— Apos-
Ape, ap, yj. A quadrunianous mammal having teeth tol'icism, -sizm, -tolicity, -lis'T-tr, /;. State or qual-
like man, and neither tail nor ity of being apostolical.
cheek pouches; one who imi- Apostrophe, a-pos''tro-tI, n. (^lihet.) A turning away
tates servilely, like the_ape; from the real auditory, and addressing an imaginary
a dupe. r. '^—Taped (apd), one. (Gram.) Conti^ction of a word by omitting
APING.] To imitate servilely; letters; the mark ['] denoting contraction. Apos'- —
to mimic. _ trophize, -fiz, v. t. [-piiized (-lizd), -phizixg.j To
Apeak, a-pek'', adv. On
the address by apostrophe; to contract by omitting, etc.
point ; in a posture to pierce. Apothecary, a-poth^e-ka-rl, ?i. One who prepares
(N'aut.) Perpendicular. drugs for medicinal use.
Aperient, a-pe'rT-ent, a. (Med.) A
Apothegm, Apophthegm, ap'o-them, n. short, pithy,
Having the quality of open- _^
Ape.
.. and instructive saying a precept maxim. \_Ap-
; ;

ing laxative.
; —
n. Laxative medicine. —ApiBrture, othegm is now the prevalent spelling.]
ap'Sr-chur, 7i. An opening through solid substance; Apothem, ap''o-them, 71. (Math.) The perpendicular
a hole. from the center to a side of a regular polygon.
Apex, a'peks, n. ; pi. A'pe.xes L. pi. Ap''ices, ap't- Apotheosis, ap-o-the'o-sis, 7i. Act of elevating a
sez. Tne top, tip, or summit of anything.
;

mortal to the rank of the gods. Apothe'osize, -siz,—

Aphasia, af-a'zhr-a, Aphasy, afa-zt, n. \3Ied.) Loss V. t. To deify.
of the powerof speech, or of memory of words, with- Appall, ap-pawl', v. t. [appalled (-pawkK), appal-
out loss of ijitelligence or injury to the vocal organs. ling.] To depress with fear; daunt, terrify. v.i.. —
-Aphelion, a-feKyun, n. ; pi. Aphelia, -fe'lt-a. (As- To occasion fear._
tron.) That point of a planet's or comet's orbit Appanage, ap''pan-aj, ??. Land assigned by a sovereign
most distant from the sun. prince to his younger sons; means of sustenance.
Aphis, a''fis, 71.; pi. Aphides, af-'T-dez. (Entom.) Apparatus, ap-pa-ra'tus, n. ; pi. -ratus or -kati'ses.
The yine-fretter, or plant-louse. rhings provided as means to some end; a set of im-
Aphorism, afo-rizm, n. A precept or principle ex- plements.
pressed in a few words a maxim ; adage. —
Aph'- Apparel, ap-par-'el, n. Coveringfor the body; clothing:
—
;

orist, n. A
writer of, etc. Aphorist'ic, -ist'ical, a. raiment; vestment. 'v. t. Tappareled or-ELLED
—
Having the form of, etc. Aphorist'ically, adv. (-eld), -ELING or -ELLING.] To dress; to cover with
Aphthong, afthong or ap'thong, 71. A letter or com- something ornamental; to embellish.
Dination of letters having no sound. Apparent. See under Appear.
Apiary, a''pT-a-rT, «. A place where bees are kept Appeal, ap-peK, n. (Law.) Removal of a cause or suit
bee -house. —
Apicul'ture, -chur, n. Rearing of to a superior judge or court for ree.xamination or
bees. review right of appeal a surnmons to answer to a
; ;

Apiece, a-pes', adv. To each; each by itself. charge. A call for proof or decision, or to grant a
Aplomb, a'plox, n. Assurance; self-possession. [F.]
Apocalypse, a-pok''a-lips, n. Revelation; disclosure;
favor; resort; recourse. ?;, i. [appealed (-peld''), —
-PEALiN'G.] (Law.) To remove a cause, etc. To re-
the last book in the Bible. —Apoc'alsrp'tic, -lyp''- fer to another; to call on for aid. v. t. (Laiu.) To —
tical, a. Containing or pertaining to, etc. Apoc'- —
remove, etc.; to charge with a crime; to accuse.
alyp'tically, adv. Appellant,_-peKlant, n. One who appeals. Ap- —
Apocope, a-pok'o-pe, n. The cutting off of the last pellate, -lat, a. Belonging to, or having cognizance
letter or syllable of a word. —
Apoc'opate, v. t. To of, appeals. Appella'tioh, »?. Name by which one—
cut off, etc. is called; title; address. —Appel''lative,-tiv, a. Pert,
Apocrypha, a-pok'rT-fa, n. pi. Books whose inspira- to a common name. n. A common, as distinguished —
tion is denied, and which are excluded from the
— from a proper, name. Appel'latively, adv. Ap- — —
canon of the Scripture. Apoc'ryphal, -fal, a. Pert,
to, etc.; notcanonical; of uncartain credit; spurious.
peKlatory, a. Containing an appeal. Appellee'', —
71. (Law.) The defendant in, etc.; one who is ap-
Apode, ap''od, ?j. An animal that has no feet; a fish pealed, or prosecuted, by a private man for a crime.
having no ventral fins. —
Ap'odal, n. —
Appellor, -Idr', ?i. One who institutes an appeal,
Apogee, ap'o-je, n. (Jst7-07i.) The point in the orbit or prosecutes another for crime.
of the moon most distant from the earth. ap-n^i-' v. i. [appeared T-perd'), appear-
Appear, ap-per',
Apology, a-poKo-jT, ?«. Something said or written in To come or be in sight; to oecome manifest;
defense or justification; expressed regret for some
injurious remark or act; anything provided by way
to seem, in opposition to reality. Appear'^ance, «. —
Act of, etc.; thing seen phenomenon; semblance,
of substitute; a makeshift. —
Apologet'ic, -lefik, or apparent likeness; personal presence; exhibition
;

-get'lcal, a. Excusatory or defensive. Apol'oget'- —

of the person; air; manner; mien. Appear''er, w. —
icB, n. (Theol.) The defense of the Scriptures, —
Apparent, ap-par'ent, a. Capable ot being seen,
and evidence of their divine authority. ApoKo- —
or easily seen; plain; certain; evident; appearing to
gist, -jist, n. One who makes an apology. — Apolo- the eye, but not true or real seeming. Appar'ently, ; —
gize, -jiz, v.i. Tapologized (-jTzd), -oizing.] To adv. Appar'entness, n. —
Apparition, -rish'un, n. —
—
make, etc. Ap'ologue, -log. n. A moral fable. Appearance tiling appearing ^ preternatural ap- ; ;

Apoplexy, ap'o-plek-sT, >i. A disease characterized pearance; ghost; specter.

Dy sudden loss of sense and voluntary motion, usu- Appease, ap-pez'^, v. t. [appeased (-pezd'), -peasing.)
alljr caused by pressure on the brain. I o make quiet, pacify, compose, calm.
Aposiopesis, a-po'sT-o-pe'sis, n. (li/iet.) An abrupt Append, ap-pend', v. t. To hang or attach; to add,
breaking off, as if the speaker was unable or un- annex. —
Append'age, n. Something added as sub-
•

willing to say what he had in mind ordinate. Append'ant, 71. Thing appended. — a. —
sQn, cQbe, full ; moon, fa&t ; cow, oil ; ligger or iflk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — —— — ; — — —

APPERTAITT 20 AQUA
Hanging; annexed. —
Appendicitis, ap-pend'T-si'- Apprentice, ap-pren'tis, n. One bound to another to
tis, n. {Med.) Inflammation of the appendix. Ap- —
learn a trade or art. r. t. [Ai'PKEXTrcED (-tist), —
Eend'icle, -Y-kl, n. —
A small appendage. Append'- -TiciNG.J To bind out as, etc. Appren'ticestiip,
i'j"j'-P'- -i-^^ES; L. pi. -WES, -t-sez. Something n. The condition of, etc.; his tune of service.
added; a concomitant; literarv matter added to a Apprise, ap-piiz', v. t. [APPRisKuC-prizd''), -pkisixg.]
book. (Anat.) A slender blind process of the csecum To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; to ac-
in man and some animals;
appendix.
—
called also vermiform quaint, make known, communicate
Apprize. See Appraise.
Appertain, ap-per-tan'', v. i. [-tained (-tand''), -tain- Approach, ap-proch', v. i. [approached (-prochf),
i.vG.] To belong, relate. —
Appur''teaance, w. That -PROACHING.] To come or go near; to approximate.
which, etc.; an adjunct. —
v.t. To place near; to come near to. n. Actor —
Appetence, ap'pe-tens, -tency, 7i. Strong natural de- opportunity of, etc.; access; passage by which build-
sire; sensual appetite; tendency to select. Ap'^pe- ings are approached, pi. (Fort.) Works covering ad-
tent, a. Very desirous. —
Ap'petite, -tit, n. Desire vances towards a fortress Approach'able, a. Ac- —
of gratification; esp. desire lor food or drink. Ap''- cessible. —
Approach'ableness, n. —
petize, -tiz, v. i. To create, or whet, an appetite. —
Approbate, ap'pro-bat, v. t. To express or manifest
Appetiz'er, n. Something which, etc. approbation of. [iiore.J— Approba'tion, n. Act of
Applaud, ap-plawd', v. t. or i. To praise by clapping approving; consent, on the ground of propriety; ap-
the hands, acclamation, etc. to commend; extol; cry
; proval liking attestation. Ap'proba'tory, -rt,
; ; —
;
—
up magnify. Applaud'er, Applause, -plawz', n. -bative, -tiv, a. Approving, or implying approba-
Act of applauding; commendation. —Applausive, tion. —Approve, -proov'', v. t. [approved (.-proovd''),
-plaw'siv, a. -PROVING. J To be pleased with; to think well of; to
Apple, ap'pl, n. A
well-known tree and its fruit; the sanction officially. Approv'able, a. Worthy of, —
pupil of the eye. etc. —
Approv'al, n. Act of, etc.; approbation.
Applique, ap-plek'', a. Having a pattern which has Appropriate, ap-pro'prl-at, v. t. To set apart for a
been cut out and transferred to another foiOJidation, particular purpose, or for one's self to assign. o. ; —
as in a kind of lace. Set apart for a particular use or person; belonging
Apply, ap-pll'', V. t. [APPLIED (-plld''), PLYIIfQ.] To peculiarly; fit; pertinent. — Appro'priately, adc. —
lay or place; to put, Dring, or carry; to use for a par- Appro'pria'tion, ?!. Act of, etc.; thing, esp. money,
ticularpurpose to engage and employ diligently. set apart. — Appro'priajior, -ter, n. One who, etc.
V. i.
;

To suit; to have recourse. Appli''able, a. — (Law.) One who has an appropriated benefice.
Capable of being applied. —
Appli^ably, adv. —
Approve. See under Approbate.
Appli^ance, n. Act of applying, or tiling applied; Approximate, ap-proks'T-mat, a. Near to. ( Chem. &
instrument or means. —
Ap'plicable, a. Capable or Math.) Nearly correct. v.t. To carry or advance —
fit to be, etc. suitable. —Ap'plicably, adv. Ap'- —
near; to cause to approach. v. i. To come near; ap- —
;

plicabil'ity, Ap''plicableness, n. Quality of being, proach. Approx-'imately, adv. —

Approx'ima'- —
Etc. —Ap'plicant, n. One who, etc. a petitioner. tion, n. A coming near. - Approx'imative, a. Ap-
—
;

— Ap'^pUcate, a. Applied to some use. AppUca'- proaching.

tion, n. Act of applying or laying on, in a literal Appurtenance. See under Appertain.
sense; the thing applied; act of making request; act Apricot, a'prY-kot, n. fruit allied to the plum. A
of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought. Ap''- April, a'pril, n. The fourth month of the year.
plicative, -tiv, -catory, -to-rt, a. Applying. —
n. That A priori, a prt-o'ri. Reasoning a priori deduces con-
which applies. _ sequences from definitions formed or principles as-
Appoggiatura, ap-pod'ja-too'ra, n. (Mus.) A passing sumed, or infers effects from causes previously
tone preceding an essential tone or an accented part known —the reverse of a posteriori. [L.] ;

of a measure. [It.] Apron, a^'purn or a'prun, n. A cloth, or piece of

Appoint, ap-point', y. t. Toiix; to establish; to consti- leather, worn before the body, to protect the clothes
tute, prescribe, allot, assign, equip. —
v. i. To deter- Apropos, ap'ro-po', adv. Opportunely seasonably ; ;

mine; ordain. — Appoint'able, a. Capable of being,

j

by the way; to the purpose. [F.J

etc. Appointee", ?i. One who is, etc.— Appoint ""er, Aps, aps, n. The wood of the white poplar. .

n. One who, etc. —

Appoinfment, n. Act of, or Apse, aps, n. (Arch.) The domed part of a church.
state of being, etc. stipulation arrangement es-
; ; ; where the altar is placed. Ap- —
tablished order; pi. whatever is appointed for use sij, ap'sis, n. ; pi. -sides, -st-
and management. —Apportion, ap-por''shun, v. t. dezi (Astron.) One of the two
[-T10NED C-shuud), -TioNixG.] To divide and assign points in an elliptical orbit vhich
'

m just proportion. —
Appor'tionment, n. are at the greatest and least dis-
Apposite, ap''po-zit, a. Very applicable fit rele- ; ; tance from the central body.
vant; pat. —
Ap'positenesa, -sition, -zish'^un, n. Act (Arch.) An apse. . .

of adding; accretion. (Gram.) The state of two Apt, a. Fit suitable having a ;
Apsis.
— Apt'-
;

nouns (one of which explains the other) put in the tendency; liable; ready; quick; dexterous.
same case, without a connecting word between itnde, -tad, n. Disposition or tendency; readiness in
them. —
Apposi''tional, a. learning; docility. —
Apfly, adv. Apfness, n. —
Appraise, ap-praz"", v. t. [appraised C-prazd'), ap- Apteral, ap'ter-alj a. (Entom.) Destitute of wings.
PRAisiXG.] To estimate the worth of, esp. by per- (Arch.) Having no columns along the sides, but
sons appointed for the purpose. Apprais'al, n. — A only in front.— Ap'terous, -us, a. (Entom.) Apteral.
valuation by authority. —
Appraise'ment, n. Ap- — Aqua", a'kwa, n. Water, —
a Latin word used in
prais^'er, n. One who, etc.; esp. one appointed and chemistry, in significations determined by words
sworn to fix values. [Sometimes pronounced and annexed.' —A. fortis, fer'tis. Mtric acid. A. ma- —
written, apprize, apprizal, etc.] rine, ma-ren' or marina, •ri'^na. A variety of beryl,
Appreciate, ap-pre'sht-at, v. t. To set a price on so called on account of its sea-green color. A. regia, —
to estimate, esteem, value. v. i. —
To rise in value. re'jT-a. Nitro-chloro-hydric acid. A. vitae, vi'^te. —
— Appre''ciable, a. Capable of being, etc. Appre- — —
Water of life; brandy. Aqua ''rium, n.; pi. -ria.
cia'tion, n. A
just valuation; increase of value. An artificial pond for rearing aquatic plants; glass
Appre''ciative, -tiv, -ciatory, -rt, a. Having ]ust ap- —
tank for aquatic animals. Aquatic, -kwafik, -ical,
preciation. —
Appre'ciatively, adv. a. Pert, to, inhabiting, or frequenting, water. —
Apprehend, ap-pre-hend'', v. t. To seize or lay hold AquaficB, n. pi. Aqu'atic sports, as "swimming, —
of; to understand; to entertain suspicion of fear rowing, etc. A'quatint, -tinfa, n. method of A
of; to arrest, conceive, imagine, dread. ?;. i. To — etching by aqua fortis, producing an effect resemb-
be of opinion; to believe. —
Apprehen'sible, a. Ca- ling a water-color or India ink drawing. Aque-
pable of being, etc. —
Apprehen'sion, -shun, n. Act duct, ak'^we-dukt, n. An artificial conduit for water.
of seizing; a taking by legal process; a taking in the — Aqueous, a'kwe-us, a. Of the nature of, or abound-
mind; conception; opinion; faculty by which ideas ing with, etc.; watery; made by means of water. —
arc conceived; distrust or fear of future evil. Ap- — Aqueous hu''mor. A
tmnsparent fluid, forming
prehen'sive, -siv, a. Fearful; suspicious; percep- part of the eye. —
Aquiform, d'kwi-fdrm, a. In the
tive. form of water.
Sm, lame, fiir, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 8r j
 AQUILINE 21 ARGUE
Aquiline, ak'wl-lln or -lin, a. Belonging to the eagle; earliest geological period. — ArchseoKogy, -ol'o-jT,
curving; hooked prominent, like the beak oi an
; n. The science of antiquities; atreatise on antiqui-
eagle. ties or ancient usages, customs, etc. — Ar'chseolog'-
Arab, ar'ab, A
native of Arabia;
n. ical, a. Relating etc. — Arcbxol'ogist,
to, One n.
a street vagabond a gamin. Ara- — versed —
in, etc. Archaic, ar-ka'ik, a. An-
— Ar'chaism, -izm, n.-ical,
;

besque, ar'a-besk, n. species of or- A cient, antiquated. An ancient

namentation after the Arabian man- or obsolete word or idiom; antiquity of style or use.
ner, intermingling foliage, fruits, etc.,
— Archer, arch'er, n. A
bowman. —Aj:ch''efy, n. Art
•with other objects. a. In the man- of sliooting with a bow.
ner of the Arabians relating to the Archetype, ar'ke-tlp, h. Th^ original pattern of a
style of ornament called arabesque.
;

— work; the model from which a thing is made.

Arabian, a-ra'bt-an, Arabic, ar'a-bik, Archil, ar^kil, n. A
violet dye obtamed from se\».
a. Pertaining to Arabia or Arabian*. eral species of lichen.
— Ar'abic, n. The language
of, etc. Archimedean, ar'kl-me-de'an, a. Pert, to Archim-
Arable, ar'a-bl, a. Fit for tillage or plow- *f
ing; plowed.
'
edes. —
A. screw, or
Archimedes' screw.
Arbalest, ar'bal-est, -balist, -balet, An instrument lor
-blast, Arcubalist, iir'ku-ba-list, n. A raising water,
cross-bow, — Arbalister, Arcubalister, formed by winding
-bal'ist-er or -barlist'er, n,
bowman.
A cross- a flexible tube
round a cylinder in
Arbiter, ar'bt-ter, Arbitra'tor, n. One Arabesque, the form of a screw.
empowered judge and determine, without con- Archipelago,
to ar-kl-
trol; an umpire; one chosen by parties in contro- peFa-go, n. Any j o
versy to determine their differences. [L.] Ar-'bi- body of water inter-
. v.-
—
Archimedes' Screw,
,

trable, a. Arbitrary; determinable. —Ar^bitrage spersed with isles; a group of isles.

-trej, n. Judgment by an arbiter, esp. as to trafHc in Architect, ark'T-tekt, n One who plans and super-
Stocks of differing values in different markets. — intends the construction of a building; one who
Arbit''rament, n. will; determination; award of ar-
bitrators. —
Ar'bitrary, -trSr-I, a. Depending on
builds up. —
Architecture, -tek'chur, 71. The art or
science of building; frame or structure; workman-
will or discretion despotic; bound by no law; ty-
; ship. —
Architec'tural, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.
rannical; imperious; capricious. —Ar'bitraiily, adi'. Architrave, ar'kr-trav, ?i. (Arch.) Lower division of
— Ar'bitrate, -trat, v. t. To hear and decide, as ar- an entablature, the part resting immediately on the
bitrators. —
y. i. To decide; to judge or act as arbi- column; an ornamental molding.
trator. — Arbitra'tion, n. Determination by, etc. Archives, ar'kivz, n. pi. Place m
which public rec-
Arbor, ar'ber, n. A
bower a seat shaded by trees.; ords are kept; records preserved as evidence of facts.
(.Mach.) A spindle or axis. Arbo-'reous, -re-us, — Archon, ar'kon, n. A
chief magistrate in ancient
Arbo''real, a. Belonging to. growing on, or of the Athens.
nature of, trees. —
Ar'boricid'ture, -kuKchur, n. Arctic, ark'tik, a. Northern; lying far north. Arc- —
Art of cultivating, etc. tic circle. A
lesser circle 23" from the north pole.
Arbu'tufl, n. Tlie strawberry-tree, an evergreen Arcubalist. See under Arbalest.
shrub, whose berry resembles the strawberry ; an Ardent, ar'dent, a. Hot or burning; much engaged;
early spring flower. intense; fierce; vehement; fervent. —
Ardor, ar'^er,
Arc, ark, n. Part of the circum- n. Heat; warmth of passion or affection; eagerness.
ference of a circle or curve. . Arduous, ard'u-us, a. High or lofty; attended with
— Arc light. Electric light -^^<'*
great labor, like climbing heights; difficult.
produced by passage of a powerful current of elec- Are, ar. Present indie, pi. of the substantive verb, ety-
tricity between carbon points. mologically a different word fr. be, am, or was.
Arcade, ar-kad', n. A series of arches a walk arched ; Are, ar, n. {Metric Sj/st.) A
measure of surface; 100
above a range of shops along an arched passage.
; sq. meters, or 119.6 so. yards.
Atcanom, ar^a'num, n. ; pi. -ua, -nft. A secret. [L.] Area, a're-a, n. Any plane surface; the inclosed space
Arch, arch, a. Cunning or sly; mischievous in sport; around a building; a sunken space around a base-
roguish. —
Arch'ly, adv. Arch'^ness, n. — ment. {Geom.) Superficial contents of any figure.
Arch, arch, a. Chief; of the first class; principal; — Arena, a-re'na, n.; pi. Are'nas, -naz; L. pi. Aee'^n^e,
used as a prefix in compounded words, most of -ne. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in an amphitheater, for
which are self-explaining as, arch-apostle, arch- gladiators, etc., which was covered with sand; any
—
Arch-angel, ark-an'jel, n. An
;

place of public contest.

conspirator, etc.

—
angel of the highest order. —
angeKic, -an-jeK-, a.
A
Areola, a-re'o-la, n. ; pi. -ol^, -le. An interstice or
small space; the colored ring around the nipple, also
Pert, to, etc. ^bishop, arch-bish''op, n.
bishop; a metropolitan.
diction or diocese of, etc.
—— chief
bish^opric, n. The juris-
deacon, arch-de'kn, n.
around certain vesicles.
Areopagus, ar-e-op'a-gus, n. A tribunal at Athens,
An ecclesiastical dignitary next in rank below a held on a hill named for Ares, or Mars.
bishop. duke, arch-, n. grand duke; chief A Argand lamp, ar'gand. A lamp having a hollow wick
prince; now, strictly, a son of an Emperor of Aus- under a glass chimney, producing a strong light. —
tria. —
duke''dom, n. The jurisdiction of an arch-
— A. burner. A ring-shaped gas-burner, admitting a
current of air through the center.

——
duke or arch-duchess. du'cal, a. Pert, to an arah-
duke. duch^ess, n. A
princess of the house of Aus- Argent, ar'jent, a. Silvery; bright like silver. — n. The
tria. duch^y, n. Territory or white color on a coat of arms. — Ar'gentan, ?i. Ger-
jurisdiction, etc. en''emy, —
man silver. Argentiferous, -us, a. Containing,
arch-, n. The devil. fiend, etc.
arch-fend', n. The chief of Argil, ar'jil, n.(Min.) Clay or potter's earth some- ;

fiends. —
Archidiaconal, ark't- —
times pure alumina. Argillaceous, -la'shus, a. Of
di-ak'o-nal, a. Pert, to an arch- the nature of, etc. —
Ar^Uif'erous, -er-us, a. Pro-
deacon. — Archiepiscopacy, d^icing, etc.
ark'T-e-pis'^ko-pa-sI, n. Estate Argive,"ar''iTv, a. Pert, to Argos, in Greece.
of an archbishop. rch —A ' - Argonaut, ar'go-nawt, n. One who sailed to Colchia
iepis-'copal, a. Of, or pert, to, with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece.
etc. (Zool.y The nautilus. — Argosy,' ar'go-sl.n. A large
Arch, arch, n. A curve line or shin.
part of a circle any work in
; Argot, ar-go', n. The secret language of thieves,
that form, or covered by an Arch. tramps, etc.; flash; cant.
arch. — V. t. or i. [aeched Argue, ar'gu, v. i. [argued (-gud), -guing.] To
(archt), ARCHING.] To form an arch.— Arch' way, use arguments to reason; to contend in argument,
;

n. Passage under an arch. dispute. 11. t. To debate or discuss, prove. Ar'gu- —

Archaan, ar-ke'an, rt. Ancient. (Genl.) Pert, to the ment, n. A proof or means of proving process of ;

Biln: cube, full ; moon, t&A ; cow, oil ; liQger or igk, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ARHTTHMOUS rz ARROW
reasoning; subject-matter, or abstract of the subject- senting the circles of the ce-
matter, of a dis«ourse. writing, picture, etc. Ajgu- — lestial sphere. —
Ar^millate,
men'tative, -tiv, a. Containing or addicted to, etc. -lated, a. Furnished witii
— Argumen''tiim ad hom'^iiiem. Unexpected qonse- hracelets.
quences pressed against a man, from his own prin- Arminian, ar-min'T-an, n. A
ciples or conduct. [L.] follower of Arminius, who
Arhythmous, a-rith'mus, a. {Med.') Without rhythm denied predestination and
or regularity, as the pulse. - kindred doctrines.— a. Pert,
Aria, a^rl-a, h. (J/h».) An. air or song; a tune. to Arminius or his princi-
Arietta, -efta, Ariette, -ef, n. little aria. A ples.
Arian, a'rT-an, a. Pert, to Arius, or his doctrines. — Armore, ar'mtir, w. A wool-,
a. A believer in Arius's doctrine, that Christ was en fabric, twilled, or woven '.

only a superangelic bein^. with ribs on the surface. [F.]

Arid,'ar''id, a. Dry; parched up with heat. Army, ar'ml, n. A body oi
Aright, a-rit'', adv. Rightly without mistake. ; men armed and organized
Arise, a-riz'', v. i. [arose (-roz^), arising (-riz'ing), for war; a great number; a , ,

AiusEX (-rizn').] To come or get up higher to ; host. Armillary isp.iere.

mount, ascend, rise; to come into action, being, or Arnica, ar'nT-ka, ti. {Bot.) A
plant used in medicine
notice; to proceed, issue, spring.
Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ra-sl, n. A
form of govern-
as a narcotic and stimulant.
n. A bitter resin, the active principle of arnica.
—
Ar'nicine, -nt-sin,
ment, in which the supreme power is vested in a Aroma, a-ro'ma, n. The fragrant qualitv in plants.
privileged order; nobility or chief persons in a state. — Aromatic, ar-o-mat'^ik, -ical, «. Pert, to, or con-
— Aristocrat, -ris'to-krat or ar^'is-, n. One who fa- taining, etc.; fragrant; spicv. Aromat'ic, n. — A
vors, etc. a proud or haughty person.
; AT'lstocrat'- — plant, drug, or medicine, fragrant, and usuallv pun-
ic, -leal, a. Pert, to, consisting in, or partaking of, gent in taste. —
Aromatize, -ro'ma-tiz or ar'o-ma-tiz,
etc. —Ar^istocrafically, adc. —
Aris'tocratism, ti. v.t. [AROMATIZED (-tizdX-TizixG.l To impregnate
Habits or principles of, etc. with, etc. —
Aro'matous, -tus, a. Containing aroma.
Arithmancy, ar'^ith-man'sl or a-rith'man-sT, ?i. The Around, a-rowud', prei). On all sides of about ;

foretelling of future events, by means of numbers. from one part to another ot.—adv. In a circle; on
— Arith'metic, n. Science of numbers; art of com- ever}' side at random
; here and there.
;

putation by figures. —
Arithmefical, a. According Arouse, a-rowz'', v. t. [aroused (-rowzd'), arous-
to, etc. —
Arlthmefically, adv. —
Ar'itliineti''cian, ing.] To awaken suddenlv, excite, animate.
-tish'an, n. One skilled in, etc. Arpeggio, ar-ped'jo, n. {Mus.) The production of
Ark, ark, n. A
chest, such as contained the Jews' ta- the tones of a chord in rapid succession, and not
bles of the covenant; Noah's vessel during the del- simultaneously.
uge; a large boat for transporting bulky articles. Arpent, ar-'pent, n. A French land measure, used
Arm, arm, n. The limb between the shoulder and in Louisiana, where it contains 4.088 sq. vards. [F.]
the hand anj^thing resembling an arm, as the
; Arquebuse, ar'kwe-bus, n. A hand-gun, fifed from a
branch of a tree, or an inlet of water from the sea; hook or rest.
power might. {Nciut.) The end of a yard; part Arrack, ar'rak, n. A spirit obtained from rice or the
;

of an anchor. {Mil.) A branch of the military ser- cocoa-nut tree, etc.

vice; an instrument of warfare. — n. i)l. Instru- Arraign, ar-ran', v. t. [arraigned (-rand'), -eaigjt-
ments or weapons of offense or defense deeds or ing/J {Law.) To call or set to answer at the bar of
exploits of war. {Her.) Ensigns armorial.
;

— v. t. a court; to call in question, impeach, censure.

[ARMED (armd), arming.] To furnish with weap- Arrange, ar-ranj'', r. t. [arranged (-ranjd'), -ran-
ons CO add strength, force, etc. to furnish with ging.] To put or place in proper order; to adjust or
means of defense. — v. i. To be provided with means
; ;

settle. — Ai-range^ment, n. Act of, or state of being,

of attack or resistance: to take arms. Arrn'ohair, — etc.; result of arranging; classification; settlement;
-char, 11. A
chair with arms to support the elbows. adjustment by argeement. {Mus.) Adaptation of a
hole, -hoi. n. The cavity under the shoulder; arm- composition to voices or instruments for which it
git; a hole for the arm in a garment. pit, n. The was not written; a piece so adapted.
^
oUow under the shoulder. Arm''fal, )«. ; 'p^- -fl'ls. Arrant, ar'rant, a. Very bad; notorious.
As much as the arms can hold. less, a. Without made first at —
arms.
n. {Her.)
—
like, a. Of the form of, etc.
A
Coat of arms,
habit worn by knights over armor; an
—
Arras, ar''ras, w. Tapestry; hangings,
Arras in the Netherlands.
Array, ar-ra'', n. Order; disposition in regular lines;
armorial device. —
Stand of amis, n. complete set A posture for fighting an orderly collection dress;
for one soldier. —
Small arms, n. Those not requir-
;

raiment. {Law.) A ranking of a jury as impan>

;

ing carriages. —
Ar'mament, n, body of forces A eled in a cause; the panel itself; the whole bcdy of
equipped for war arrangements for defending a jurors summoned to attend the court. v.t. [ar- —
fortification ;
;

ships' guns and munitions. Ar''- — rayed (-rad''), -raying.] To dispose in order to ;

mature, -ma-chur, ». Armor. {Magnetism.) Apiece deck or dress. {Law.) To set in order, as a jury;
of iron connecting the poles of a magnet, or electro- to call them man by man; to draw out, arrange, en-
^magnet, to complete the circuit. Ar''inistice, -tis, — velop.
n. A temporary cessation of arms; a truce. Arm'- — Arrear, ar-rer'', n. sing., Arrears', n. pi. That which is
or, -er, n. Defensive covering tor the body or for behind in payment, or remains unpaid*, though due.
ships. — Ann''or-bear''er, n.
One who carries anoth- -=^ Arrear'age, -ej, n. The part of a debt unpaid.
er's armor or arms; an esquire Ar'niorer, n. One — Arrect, ar-rekf, Arrecfed, a. Lifted up;, raised;
who makes or has charge of, etc. Armc'rial, a. — erect.
Belonging to armor, or to a family escutcheon. Arrest, ar-rest', v. t. To check or hinder the motion
Ar''mory, n. A
place where arms, etc., are kept or or action of. {Law.) To take or apprehend by au-
manufactured. {Her.) _Science of coat-armor. thority. To seize on and fix to obstruct, delay,
;

Armada, ar-ma''da or -ma'da, n. fleet of armed A check, stop. —K. {Law.) The taking or apprehend-
ships; esp. the Spanish fleet sent against England, ing of a person; any seizure, or taking by power;
A. D. 1588. [Sp.] ___ hindrance.
Armadillo, ar'ma-diKlo, Arrive, ar-rlv', v. i. [arrived (-rivd''), -riving.]
n. {Zool.) animalAn Lit., to come to the shore; to come; to gain or com-
of South America, hav- /^^^^^^^^^^t^ ^ \ pass an object by effort, practice, study, etc. Ar- —
in^ the body encased ^n^^3l^^^£^9^^^ ri'val, n. Act of arri\'ing; attainment or gaining of
in "bony plates. any object; person or thing arriving.
Armillary, ar'mil-la-rT, Arrogate, ar'ro-gat, v. t. To claim unduly; assume.
a. Pert, to, or resem- =^ "^^^isfr — Ar'rogative, -tiv, a. Arrogant. Ar^rogance, «. — —
bling, a bracelet or Undue assumption of importance; haughtiness.
ring; consisting o f Armadillo, Ar'rogant, a. Assuming undue importance; over-
rings or circles. A. sphere. — An
instrument con- bearing ; presumptuous. —
Ar'rogantly, adv.
sisting rings, of all circles of the same sphere, repre- Arrow, ar'ro, n. A pointed weapon to be shot from a
am. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 ARSENAL 23 ASPIRE
—
bow. Ar'row-head'ed, -hed'ed, a. Shaped like V. To go upward upon; to climb. — Ascend' ant,
t.

the head of an arrow; —

esp. applied to the v'3dge- a. Above the horizon; superior; predominant. — n.
shaped, or cuneilorin, alphaoetical characters fo'.md Superior influence; an ancestor. (AMrol.) The
in inscriptions at Persepolis, Nineveh, Babylon, etc. horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which
— Ar'rowroot, -root, n. A tropical plant, and the rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. —
starch which yields.it Ascend'ency, «. Authority; sway; control. As-
Arsenal, ar'se-nal, n. A public establishment for the cen'^sion, «. Act of ascending; esp. the elevation of
manufacture or storage of arms. our Savior to heaven. —
Ascent'', n. The act of ris-
Arsenic, ar''se-nik, n. ( J/m.) A metal of a steel gray ing; way by which one ascends; an eminence or
color, and brilliant luster. (Com.) Arsenious acid high place; the angle which an object makes with a
— a \'irulent poison, called also oxide of arsenic,
;

horizontal line; inclination.

white arsenic, and ratsbane. Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v. t. [ASCERTAI^'ED (-tand').
Arsis, ar'sis, n. {Pros.) The part of a foot marked by -TAiNiNO.] To make certain; to establish; to find
a greater stress of voice. out for a certainty.
Arson, ar'sn, ?j. (Law.) Malicious burning of build- Ascetic, as-set'ik, n. One who practices undue rigor
ings or ships. or self-denial in religious things. —
a. Unduly rigid
Art, art. becond person sing., indie, mode, pres. or self-denying.
tense, of the verb to be, but from were. Ascribe, as-krib', v. t. [ascribed (-kribd'), ascrib-
Art, iirt, ti. Employment of means to accomplish an IXG.] To attribute to, as a cause or quality; to im-
end; a system of rules for performing actions, pute; to assign. —
Ascrip'^tion, n. Act of ascribing;
opp. to science; power of performing certain actions, thing ascribed.
acquired by experience, study, etc. cunning; arti- ; Ash, w. A
genus of -forest, trees, pr their wood. —
fice; duplicity. —
Art'ful, -ful, a. Made, performed Ash^es, -ez, 9i. pZ. Earthy or mineral particles re-
with, characterized by, or using art or skill; prac- maining after combustion; —
among chemists, and
ticing strata'^em; crafty. Arffully, adv. — Art''- — in composition, used in the sing., as, bone-ash, pearl-
fulness, n. —
ilr'tifice, -tl-fis, n. Artful or skillful
—
ash ; the remains of what is burnt; remains of a dead
contrivance fraud. Artificer, -tif''t-ser, n. A body.—Ash-Wednesday, -wenz''dl. The first day of
;

skillful workman in some art; one who constructs Lent. —

Ash'y, -I, a. Ash-colored; like ashes.
and contrives. —
Artificial, -fish'al, a. Made or Ashamed, a-shamd'', a. Affected by shame; abashed
contrived by art; factitious; hence, feigned; ficti- or confused by guilt, impropriety, etc.
tious; cultivated; not indigenous. Artifi''cially, — Ashlau:, Ashler, ash'ler, n. Free-stones as thev come
adv. —
Artifi'cialness, -cial'ity, ar-tl-flsh'I-aKl-tl, from the quarry; hewn stones for facing walls.
n. —Arfisan, -zan, u. One skilled in any mechan- Ashore, a-shor', adv. On or to shore; on the land.
ical art; a handicraftsman. —Art'ist, One who Aside, a-sid', ac/w. On, or to, one side; apart. n. — A
prof esses jind practices one of the liberal arts. Ar-
?i.
— remark in an undertone or by way of parenthesis.
ti3te, ar-tesf, n. One who is dexterous and tasteful Ask, ask, V. t.ori. [asked (askt), askixg.] Tore-
in almost any art. [F.] —
Artist 'ic, -ical, a. Pert, quire; to inquire, petition, beg, claim, demand, intei^
to, or characterized by, art; made in the manner of rogate. —
Ask'er, 7i. One who asks. (Zoo/.) A —
an artist. —
Arfless, a. Free from art, craft, or water newt, eft.
stratagem ingenuous
; contrived without skill or
; Askance, as-kans'', Askanf, adv. Obliquely ; side-
art; inartificial. ways; toward one corner of the eve.
Artery, ar'ter-T, ?;. One of the vessels which convey Askew, a-sku'', adv. Sideways; askant; awry.
the blood from the heart to all parts of the body; an Aslant, a-slant', adv. At a slant; obliquely.
important channel of communication. Asleep, a-slep', adv. In a state of sleep; at rest; dead.
Artesian, ar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to Artois in France. Aslope, a-slop', adv. With a slope or descent.
A. wells. Wells bored into the earth to reach water, Asp, asp, Asp'ic, n. small.A
which flows frona internal pressure. hooded, poisonous serpent.
Artichoke, ar'tt-chok, n. An esculent plant resem- Asparagus, as-par'a-gus, n. A
bling a thistle. culinary plant.
Article, iir'tl-kl, n. A
distinct portion of any writing, Aspect, as'pekt, n. Look; mien;
consisting of particulars; a clause in a contract, ac- air; appearance to the eye or
count, treaty, etc.; a distinct part; a particular com- the mind position in rela-
;

modity or substance. (Oram.) One of the three tion to the points of the com-
words, a, an, the'. v. t. —
[articled (-kid), -clixg.J pass. {Astrol.) The situation
To set fortli in distinct articles; to bind oy articles of one planet or star with re-
of covenant. —
*;. i. To agree by articles; to stipu- spect to another.
late. —
Artic'ulate, a. (i^at. ffist.) Formed with Aspen, as'pen, n. (Bot.) spe- A
joints. Uistinctlv uttered; clear. n. (Zool.) — An cies of poplar. —
a. Pert, to
animal having tlie body and members jointed. ^ the aspen.
T>. t. To joint: to unite by a joint; to form into ele- Asperate, as'per-at, v. t. To
mentary sounds. — To utter articulate sounds;
I', i. make rough. — Asperity, -per''- Asp.
to enunciate. — Artic'Tila'tion, n. (Anat.) Junction t-tY, n. Roughness of surface,
of the bones of a skeleton. (Bot.) Connection of taste, or sound; harshness of spirit and language;
the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods; one of the acrimony; moroseness.
joints, as in cane and maize; one of the parts be- Asperse, as-pers', r. <. [aspersed (-persf)-' aspers-
tween joints. Utterance of the elementary sounds ing.] To bespatter with foul reports or injurious
of language. charges: to calumniate, slander, defame. Asper''- —
Artillery, ar-tiKler-Y, n. Offensive weapons of war; sion, -shun, n. A sprinkling, as of water or dust, in
cannon; great guns; ordnance; the body of men in a literal sense; spreading of calumnious reports; cal-
charge of cannon, etc.; the science of artillery and umny.
gunnery. Asphalt, as-falf, -phaKttun, n. Mineral pitch; com-
Aryan, ilr^yan or ar''t-an, a. Pert, to an ancient pact native bitumen.
people of Central Asia, from whom are supposed to Asphodel, as'fo-del, n. {Bot.) A perennial plant of
descend the Celtic, Teutonic, Sclavonic, and other the lily species: daffodil.
races; Indo-European or Indo-Germanic. Asphyxia, -phyx'y, -f, n. {Med.) Apparent
as-flks't-a,
As, az, adv. Like; similar to; of the same kind with; death, or suspended animation. —Asphyx^ia'tion,
while; during; in the idea, character, nature, or n. The process of producing, or state of, asphyxia.
condition of; for 'instance; by way of example; Aspire, as-pir', u. i. [aspired (-pird''), aspiring.]
thus. To desire with eagerness; to rise. Aspir^'ant, a.
Aaafetida, -foetida, as-a-fet'Y-da, n. fetid inspis- A Aspiring ardently desirous of rising.
;
—
Aspir''ant,
sated sap from India, used in medicine. Aspir'er, n. One who seeks eagerly. —
Aspirate,
Asbestus, as-bes'tus, -bes'^tos, n. (Min.) fibrous A as'pT-rat, v. t. To pronounce with a breathing or
variety of hornblende and pyroxene, making an full emission of breath, —n. A
letter marked with
incombustible cloth. a note of breathing; a mark of aspiration ( ) used
Ascend, as-send', v. i. To mount; to go up; to rise. — in Greek; the rough breathing; a non-vocal conso-
'

siin, cQbe, full ; moon, f(J6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tien, bojf boN, chair, g^
 — — ; — —

ASS 24 ASTRICT
nant. —
a. Pronounced with a rough breathing.— to convert into a like substance. v. i. To become —
Aspira'tion, n. Pronunciation of a letter with a
strong emission of breath; strong wish or desire.
similar. Assim'ilable, a. Capable of, etc. —Ab- —
sim'ila'tion, n. Act of assimilating state of resem-
AsB, ass, n. iZool.) A
quadruped of the horse family, blance or identity conversion of nutriment into ;
:

having long, slouch-

ing ears. A dull,
the substance of the body. Assim'ilative, -tiv, a. —
Having power of assimilating.
stupid fellow a dolt. : Assist, as-sist', V. t. To give support to; to succor.—
— Asinine, as'I-nln, v.i. To help; to attend. —Assistance, ?j. Aid re- :
a. Belonging to, or lief. —Assistant, a. Helping; auxiliary.— ?«. One
having the qualities who assists.
of, an ass stupid
; ; Assize, as-siz', n. Lit.-, a sitting an order or regula-
;
obstinate. tion, esp. about the weight of bread, etc. (Law.y
Assail, as-sSK, v. t. Periodical sessions of the superior courts in the
[assailed
ASSAILING.] To at-
(-said'), counties of England, —
usually in the pi. r. t. —
[ASSizED (-sTzdO, -SIZING.] To fix the weight,
tack with violence; measure, or price of, by authority.
to attack with a view Associate, as-so'shT-at, v. t. To join in eompanv as a
to change feelings, friend, companion, partner, etc.; to unite in the'same
conduct, etc.; to as- mass.— V. i. To unite in company, —a. Closely
sault,
upon.
beset, fall
Ass.
connected. —«. A companion; a mate. Asso'cia'- —
tion, -sliT-a'shun, n. Union connection union of
; ;

Assassin, as-sas''sin, n One who kills or attempts to persons in a society for some particular purpose.
kill bj^ secret assault. —
Assas'sinate, v. t. To mur- Asso'cia'tional, a. Pert, to an, etc. Asso'cia'- —
der by, etc. —
Assas'siaa'tion, n. Act of, etc. tionalism, ». (Pldlos.) Doctrine of associationalists.
Assaalt, as-sawlt', n. A
violent attack with blows, — Asso'cia'tionalist, n. (Philos.) One who ex-
weapons, etc., or with words, arguments, appeals, plains the higher functions and relations of the
and the like; invasion; incursion; onset; charge. soul by the association of ideas.— Asso'ciative, -tiv,
{Lcuv.) An attempt or offer to beat another, but a. Tending or pertaining to association.
wiihout touching his person: if the blow takes ef- Assort, as-sorf, v. t. To distribute into classes; to
fect, it is bntteri/. ?'. t. —
To attack with, etc. furnish with all sorts. —
Assorfment, w. Distribu-
Assay, as-sa', )i. (Cheni.) Determination of the quan- tion into classes things assorted.
;

tity of any metal, esp. gold or silver, in an ore or al- Assuage, as-swaj', v. i. [assuaged (-swajd'), assua-
loy; the substance to be assayed; a_trial of weights ging.] To soften; to allay or lessen, as pain or grief;
arid measures. r. t. — [assayed (-sad'), assaying.] to appease, soothe, alleviate.
To subject to chemical examination, etc. ;;. i. To — Assume, as-sum'. r. i. [assumed (-sumd'), assuming.]
attempt, try, or endeavor. To take, or take upon one's self; to take for granted,
Assemble, as-sem-'bl, v. t. [assemb.led (-sem'bld), or without proof to pretend to possess. 1\ i. To
—
;

-BEING.] To bring or call together; to convene; to claim unduly. Assump'tion, -sum'shun, n. Act
congregate. —
v. i. To meet or come together: to con- of assuming: sujjposition thing supposed. (Logic.)
vene. —Assem'blage, -blej, n. Act of assembling;
;

The minor proposition in a categorical syllogism.

collection of individuals, or of particular things. l^Eccl.) A festival in honor of the ascent oi the Vir-
Assem'bly, blT, n. A company collected in one gin Maiy into heaven.
place, usually for some common purpose; meeting; _
Assure, a-shoor', v. t. [assured, (-shoord'), assur-
group. ing.] To make sure or certain; to insure. (Law.}
Assent, as-sent', n. The act of assenting, admitting:, To covenant to indemnify for loss. Assor'ance, n. —
or agreeing to anything; consent. v.i. To admit Act of assuring: a declaration inspirmg credit: free-
a thhig as true; to express agreement, or concession. dom from doubt; firmness of mind; intrepidity; im-
— Assenta'tion, n. Assent b.y way of flattery or dis- pudence; insurance: a contract to pay on occasion of
simulation; adulation. —
Assenta'tor, -ter, n.' flat- A
a certain event, as lessor death. (Law.) Evidence of
terer or dissembler. —
Assent'er, ?;. One who assents. conveyance of property. Assur'edly, adv. Cer- —
Assert, as-sert', v. t. To affirm .positively; to aver, tainlj'; without doubt.
vindicate. —
Assertion, -ser'shun, n. Act of assert- Aster, as'ter, ?;. (Bot.) A genus of plants with radi-
ing; vindication. —
Assert'ive, -iv, a. Positive af- ated compound flowers.
: As'terisk, n. The mark —
firming confidently. —
Assert'or, -er, n. Assert'- —
[*] in printing and writing. As'terism, -izm, n. — A
ory, -er-T, a. Aflirming; maintaining. small cluster of stars. (Printing.) Three asterisks
Assess, as-ses', i\ t. [assessed (-sest'j, -sessixg.] To [***] directing attention to a particular passage.
tax: to value for taxation; to determine, fix, estimate. —
As'teroid, «. (Astron.) One of the small planets
— Assess'able, a. Liable to be assessed. Assess'- —
revolving between Mars and Jupiter. As'tial, a. —
ment, n. Act of, etc. valuation sum charged.
; ;
—
Belonging to the stars starry. As'tral Lamp, n. ;
—
Assess'or, -er, «. One appointed to assess persons An Argand lamp having the oil in a flattened ring.
or property. —
Astrol'ogy. -jT, n. Science of predicting events
Assets, as'sets, n. pZ. Property in possession or by the aspects of the stars. Astrol'oger, -jer, n. —
money due, as opp. to liabilities. One who pretends to foretell events, etc. -Astro-
Asseverate, as-sev'er-at, v. t. To affirm solemnly. —
logic, -loj'ik,-ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Astron 'omy. n. —
Assev'era'tion, n. Science of the heavenly bodies. Astron'omer, n. —
Assiduous, as-sid'u-us, a. Constant in attention sed- One versed
; in astronomy.
—
ulous; persevering; indefatigable. Assid'uousness, Astern, a-stern', adv. In, at, or toward, the hinder
—
??. Assidu'ity, -I-tT, n. Constant application. part of a ship; behind a ship.
Assign, a's-sm', v. t. [assigned (-sind'), assign- Asthma, as'ma or az'ma, n. Disordered respiration,
ing.] To appoint, allot, apportion; to fix, desig- with cough and difficult breathing. Asthmafic, —
nate. (Law.) To transfer, or make over to an- -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected by, etc.
other to transfer to, and vest in assignees, for the Astir, a-ster', adv. In motion or action.
:

benefit of creditors. ?). —

(Laiv.) One to whom prop- Astonish, as-ton'ish, v. t. To strike dumb with sud-
—
erty is transferred. —
Assign'able, a. Capable of den feor. terror, surprise, or wonder to amaze. ;

being, etc. —
Assignation, -sig-na'shun, m. Act of, Aston'ishing, a. Of a nature to excite astonish-
etc. an appointment to meet at given time and place. ment surprising; wonderful admirable marvel- ; :

— :

Assignee, as-si-ne', n. One to whom something is ous. —

;

Aston'ishment, n. Confusion of mind from,

assigned. —
Assignor, as-sTn'er, n. One who, etc. etc.
Assign'ment, n. An allotting to a particular person Astound, as-townd', v. t. To astonish.
or use. (Low.) A transfer of title by writing; writ- Astraddle, a-strad'dl, adv. With the legs across a
ing b}' v.'hich an interest is transferred: transfer of thing, or on different sides of it.
a bnnkrupt's property to assignees, tor creditors. Astray, a-stra', adv. Out of, or from, the right way ;
Assignor, -s'f-nor', n. (Law.) One who assigns or wrong.
transfers an interest. Astrict, as-trikt', v. t. To constrict; to contract.
Assimilate, as-sim'T-lat, J', f. To cause to resemble; Astric'tion, m. i —
Astringe, as-trinj', v. t. [as- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — ;

ASTRIDE 25 ATTRIBUTE
TRixGED (-trinid'), astrixoixg.] To bind fast, Attach, at-tach', v. t. [attached (-tachf), attach-
constrict,contract. — Astrin'gency, «. Quality IXG.] To bind, fasten, or tie; to take by legal au-
of being astringent. — Astrin'gent, a. Binding; thority; to lay hold on, aflfix, gain over, win. v. i. —
strengthening; — opp. to huutice. n. A —
medicine —
To adhere. Attach'ment, n. Act of, or state of
causing vital~contraction in the organic textures. being, etc. ; a passion or affection that by which ;

Astride, a-strid', adv. With the legs apart. one tiling is attached to another ; an adjunct. {Civ.
Astute, as-tuf, a. Critically examining or discern- Law.) A seizure by legal process the writ com-
ing; shrewd; subtle; sagacious. A8tate''ness, n. — manding such seizure. —
Attach^, at-ta-sha', n.
;

Asunder, a-sun'der, adv. Apart; separately. One attached to the suite of an ambassador. [F.]
Asylum, a-si'lum, ii. ; pZ. Eng. Asy'lums, L. Asy'la, Attack, at-tak', v. t. [attacked (-takf), attack-
-la. A place of refuge; an institution for protection ing.] To falj^upon with force or with unfriendly
or relief, for the deaf and dumb, insane, etc. words; to assail, invade. (Chem.) To begin to de-
At. prep, denoting presence or nearness in place or compose, by chemical agents. n. falling on with — A
time (at home. a< one o'clock); hence, relations of violence, or with calumnj^ satire, etc.; onset; in-
situation, condition, etc. (at war, at your service); road; charge.
after verbs of motion, direction towards (to run at). Attain, at-tah', v. i. [attained (-tand'), attain-
Ate, at, pret. of Eat. See Eat. ing.] To come or arrive, by motion or efforts; to
Atelier. at'lT-a or a-tel'ya, n. An artist's workroom; reach. —v. t. To achieve ; to gain to equal. At- ; —
studio. [F.] tain'' able, a. Capable of being, etc. [finproperly
Athanasian, ath-a-na'zhan, a. Pert, to Athanasius, used for obtainable, procurable.'] Attain'abil''ity, —
bisliop of Alexandria, or his doctrines. Attain ''ableness, n. — Attain'ment, n. Act of, etc.,
Atheist, a'the-ist, n. One who denies the existence that whicli_is, etc. pToficiency in knowledge.
;

of God. —
A'^theism. n. Disbelief in, etc. Atheist'- — Attaint, at-tant', v. i. To stain; to disgrace. (Law.)
ic, -leal, a. Pert, to, etc. impious. Atheist'^ically,— To taint or corrupt, as blood; to taint, as the credit
u'lv.
;

of jurors giving a false verdict. n. stain; spot. — A

Atheneum, -nxnm, ath-e-ne'um, 71.; pi. Eng. Athexe''- (Law.) A
writ to inquire whether a jury has given
UMS, L. -x.EA, -ne^a. A literary or scientific associa- a false verdict. (Far.) A
wound on anorse's leg,
tion; a public library and reading room. made by over-reaching.
Athenian, n-tlie^nT-aii, a. Pert, to Athens, in Greece. Attemper, at-tem'per, v. t. [attempered (-perd),
Athirst, a-therst', a. Thirsty; having keen desire. -pering.] To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mix-
Athlete, ath'let, n. A contender for victory in trials ture; to soften; to mix in just proportion; to make
of strength.— Athletic, -lefik, a. Pert, to wrestling, suitable; to adapt.
boxing, and other manly exercises; strong; vigorous. Attempt, at-temt', v. t. To make trial of; to make
Athwart, a-thwawrt', prep. Across. adv. Sidewise — an attack upon. v. i. —
To make an effort or an
in a manner to cross and perplex. attack. —n. An essay, trial, or endeavor.
Atilt, a-tilf, adv. In the position of one making a Attend, at-tend', v. t. To go or stay with; to wait on,
thrust; with one end raised. accompany; to be united or consequent to. v. i. To —
Atlas, at'las, n. A
collection of maps in a volume; pay attention with a view to perceive, understand, or
a volume of plates or comply ; heed listen wait or be in waiting.
; ; At- —
tables; a kind of silk- tend'ance, H. Actof, etc.; persons attending; atrain;
satin ; a kind of large a retinue. —
Attend'ant, a. Present, or in the train;
d r a-w i n g paper. accompanying or immediatel}^ following, as conse-
(Anat.) The first quential. (Laio.) Depending on, or owing duty or
vertebra of the neck. service io. n. —One who, or that which, etc. At- —
[Atlas, a Greek tenf, a. Attentive. —
Atten'tion, n. Act of attend-
demigod, said to ing or heeding; act of civility; care; respect; regard;
bear the world on notice. — Attenfive, -iv, a. Full of attention ;
his shoulders, and mindful ; civil ; polite.
whose figure a s w Attenuate, at-tcn^u-at,v. t. To make thin, or less
printed on the title- viscid; tomake slender; to draw out or extend in
pages of old atlas- length.—)!, i. To become thin, slender, or fine; to
es.] lessen.
Atmosphere, at'^mos- Attest, at-test', v. t. To bear witness to; to give proof
fer, n. {Fhi/sics.) of; to call to witness. —
Attesta'tion, n. Testimony;
The aeriform fluid esp., official testimony. Attesfor, n. —
surrounding the Attic, aftik, a. Pert, to Attica, in Greece, or to its prin-
earth pressure of
; cipal city, Athens.— n. (Arch.) story in the upper A
the air on a unit of part of a house; a garret.
surface a gaseous Attire, at-tir', v. t. [attired (-tird'), attiring.]
medium.
;

— Atmos- To dress, array, adorn. n. Ciothes; dress. —

pheric, -fSr'ik, -ical, Attitude, aftT-tud, n. Posture or position. Attitu'- —
a. Relating to, ex- Atlas. dinize, v. i. [attitudinized (-nizd), -nizing.] To
isting in, or dependent on, etc. assume affected attitudes.
Atom, at'om, n. An ultimate or constituent particle Attorney, at-ter'nT, n. ; pi. Attor'neys. (Law.) One
of matter; a molecule; anything extremely small. legally appointed by another to transact business for
Afomize, v. t. To reduce to atoms or to fine spray, him. — Power of attorney. A document by which
-said of liquids.— At'omizer. n. {Med.) An instru- one is authorized to transact business for another.
ment for converting liquids into spray for inhala- — Attor'neyship, n. Office of, etc.
tion, local anaesthesia, etc. Attract, at-trakf, v. t. To draw or cause to tend to-
Atone, a-ton', v. i. [atoxed (-tond''), aton^ing.] To ward; to cause to adhere or combine; to allure; to
stand as an equivalent to make reparation, com- engage. —Attract'able, a. Capable of being, etc. —
—
;

pensation, etc.; to expiate. v. t. To reconcile; to Attract'abil'ity, n. — Attract'ile, -il, a. Having

answer or make satisfaction for. Aton^able, a. — — power to attract. — Attraction,
-trak''shiin. 71.
Atone''ment, n. Reconciliation reparation made; (Physics.) An invisible power in a body by which it
by giving an equivalent for an injury. (Thcol.) draws anything to itself; the power in nature tend-
The expiation of sin made by Christ. Aton'er, n. — ing to draw bodies together or to produce cohesion;
Atrocious, a-tro'shus, a. Extremely heinous; enor- and resisting separation. Act of attracting; power
mously wicked flagrant. ; —
Atro''ciou3ly, adv. — or act of alluring, inviting, or engaging. — Attracf-
Atro'ciousness, Atrocity, a-tros'I-tT, n. Enormous ive, -iv, a. Having the power of, etc.; enticing; in-
wickedness or cruelty. viting. — n. That which, etc. — Attracfively, adv.
Atrophy, afro-fT, n. A
wasting away from lack of — Attractiveness, n.
nourishment. Attribute, at-trib''ut. v. t. To consider as belonging
Atropia, a-tro'pT-a, Atro''pina, Afropine, -ro-pin, n. to; to ascribe to; charge. —
Attribute, at ''trt-bilt, n.
(Chem.) A
very poisonous alkaloid extracted from A thing that may be attributed; inherent quality;
the Atropa helladoima, or deadly nightshade. essential or necessary property. Attrib^utable, a. —
sQn, cube, full moon, fd6t eow, linger or ink, then, boNboN,
I ; ; oil ; chair, get.
 — — — —
; ;

ATTRITB 26 AUTOPSY
Capable of being attributed. —Attribu'tion, n. A«nt, ant, n. A father's or mother's sister.
—
Act of attributing; quality attributed. Attrib'Ti- Aural, aw'ra, a. Belonging to the ear. An'rist. —
tive, -tiv, a. Relating to, or expressing, an attribute. "V ^^^
skilled in disorders of the ear. Au'ricle, —
— n. A word denoting an attribute or quality.
-rl-kl, n. {Anat.) The external ear; one of two
cular sacs at the base of the heart — mus-
Attrite, at-trif, a. Worn by rubbing or friction. a kind of ear-
Attri'tion, -trish'un, w. Act of wearing by friction; trunipet. Aurlc'ular, a. Pert, to the ear or to the — ;

abrasion; state' of being worn. hearing told in the ear secret recognized by the ; ; ;

Attune, at-tun', v. t. [.\TTUJfED (-tund'),'ATTUNiJfO.] ear traditional; pert, to the auricles of the heart.
;

To put in tune, arrange fitly, make accordant. Auriferous, aw-rifSr-us, o. Yielding gold.
Aubmn, aw'bern, a. Reddish brown. Aurochs, aw'roks, n. (Zodl.) The bison of Poland.
Auction, awk'shun, n. A public sale of propej-ty to
.

Aurora, aw-ro'ra, w. The dawnof day; redness of

the highest bidder; a vendue. Auctioneer', -er', n. — the sky before sunrise; a species of crowfoot. Au- —
The person who sells, etc. v. t. To sell by auction. — ro'ra borea^'lis. A luminous meteoric phenomenon,
Audacious, aw-da'shus, a. Contemning restraints of supposed to be of electrical origin; northern lights.
law, religion, or decorum bold in wickedness. ;
— — A. austra'lis. Southern lights.
Auda'ciousness, -dacity, -das'I-ti:, n. Daring spirit Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun, n. Act of listening
or confidence; venturesomeness; presumptuous im- (Med.) A
method of distinguishing diseases, esp
pudence; hiirdihood; boldness; effrontery contempt ; in the thorax, by observing sounds.
of law or moral restraint. Auspicate, aw'spl-kat, v. t. To give a favorable turn
Audible, aw'dl-bl, a. Capable of being heard. -^Au- to in commencing. —
Au'spice, -spis, w. ; ^>Z. Au'-
—
dibil'ity, Au^'dibleness, n. Quality of being, etc. SPICES, -spt-sez. Omen augury patronage. ;

—Au ''dibly, ac/i^. Au'^dience, n. Act of hearing; ad- Auspicial, -spish'al, al Pert, to auspices. Ausp'-
;

—
mittance to a hearing an assembly of hearers. — cious, -spisii''us, a. Having omens of success,
Au'dit, 71. An examination, esp. of accounts, with
;

lucky propi_tious.
;
—
Auspi'dously, adv.
. ,

the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper offi- Austere, aw-ster', a. Sour "with astringency severe in
cers. V. t. —
To examine and adjust, as accounts. — modes of judgment, living, or acting; harsh; stern.
;

Au'ditor, -er, n. A hearer or listener one author-

— ; Australian ballot, aws-tra''lt-an-. (Law.) system of A
ized to adjust accounts. Au'ditorship, n. Office of, voting, originally used in South Australia, in which
etc. Au'ditory, a. Pert, to the sense of hearing. the secrecy of the vote is compulsory and an official
— n. An assembly of hearers audience. Au''dit- ;
— ballot is furnished by the government.
ress, w. A
female hearer. —Audito''rium, ii. The Authentic, aw-then'^tik. -tical, a. Of approved au-
—
part of a theater, etc., occupied by the audience. thority to be relied on true certain genuine.
; : ; ;

Augean, aw-jc'an, a. Pert, Authen''ticate. v. t. To establish by proof; to render

to Augeus or his stable, authentic to prove to be genuine.
; Authen'tica'-
containing 3,000 oxen and tion. u. —
Au'thentic'ity, -tis'I-tl, n. Quality of be-
uncleaned for 30 years ; ing, etc.
filthy. Author, aw^'ther, n. The beginner, former, or first
Auger, aw'ger, n. A car- mover of anything the creator one who writes a
penter's boring tool; an in-
;

book.— Au^'thoress, n. A female a uthor. Au'thor-

;

—
strument for perforating ship, n. State of being, etc.— Authoritative, -thCr'T-
soils or rocks. ta-tiv, a. Having authority, or an air of authority ;
Aught, awt, n. A whit; any- positive. Author^itatively, c^i-. Author'ity. n. —
thing ; any part. Legal or rightful power dominion persons exer-
cising command —
; ;

Augment, awg-ment', v. t. chiefly in the pi. ; influence of

lo enlarge or increase; to character, office, station, etc.; testimony; witness;
make bigger. — v. i. To the person who testifies; a precedent, decision of a
grow larger. —Aug'ment, court, official declaration a book, containing pre-
—
; _

II. Enlargement by addi- cedents, etc. the name of its author. Au'thoriza''-
tion increase. ; Angmen- — ;

tion, n. Establishment by authority. Au'thorize, —

ta'tion, n. Act of, etc.; Auger, V. t. [-IZED C-Tzd), -iziNG.] To clothe with author-
added.— Augmenfative,
state of being, etc.; thing ity, empower, legalize; to establish by authority; to
-tiv, a.Having the quality of, etc. give authority, credit, or support to.
Augur, aw'ger, n. {Rom. Antiq.) One who foretold Auto, aw'to. An abbrev. of autonidbile, used as a pre-
future events by the actions of birds, or by other fix with the meaning of self-iuonng, self-proiielling ;
signs. One who pretends to foretell future events as, an autoca.r, an auiotTUck, etc. ; hence, an auto-
by omens; a soothsayer. — v. i. [augured (-gerd), mobile car, carriage, truck, etc.
AUGURING (-ger-ing)".] To conjecture by signs or Autobiography, aw''to-bi-og''ra-fI, n. A memoir of a
omens; to prognosticate. — v. t. To predict or fore- person written by himself.
tell; tobetoken.— Au'guryjW. Foretelling of events, Autochthon, aw-tok''thon n. An aboriginal or native ,

etc. an omen prediction.

; ;
that which is original to a country.
August, aw-gusf, a. Autocrat, aw'to-krat, w. An absolute sovereign a ;

Creating extraordi- title of emperors of Russia one invested with inde- ;

nary respect and vene- pendent power and unaccountable for his actions.
ration grand impos- ; ; Auto-da-fe, aw-to-dii^fa, n. ; pi. Autos-da-fe, -toz-.
ing majestic.
; Punishment of a heretic by burning, according to a
Au ' g u s t aw'gust, n. , Judgment of the Inquisition the sentence then read. ;

The eighth month of Autograph, aWto-graf, n. One's own handwriting;

the year. an original manuscript.
Augustine, aw-gusfin, Automath, aw'to-math, n. A self-taught person.
Augustin''ian, n. Automaton, aw-tom''a-ton,w.; pL -atoxs; J^.pl. -ata,
{Eccl. Hist.) A monk -ta. A machine moved by
intenor.machinery w iicli
of an order named imitates actions of men or animals; any seU-mo iinrf
from St. Augustine ; machine. Automatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or per- —
Austin friar; White formed by, an automaton; self-acting; esp. applied
friar. Au'gustin''- — to machinery, in which movements
commonlv madii
ian, n. One who fol- by hand are made by the machine itself; not depend-
lows St. Augustine in ing on the will; acting involuntarily. —
maintaining that grace Automobile, aw'tn-mo'btl, a. Containing means of
is effectual from its propulsion within itself; self-propelhng; as, an auto-
nature, absolutely and mohile torpedo an automobile car. n. An auto- ;
—
morally, not relatively mobile vehicle. _ vi. _j: „„l* •

Autonomy, aw-ton'o-mt, n. Power or right of self-

ASkl^f^kT'^* A sea- Great Auk. MZca«npe«««.)
bird of the Alca family, including the penguin and AutoBSV,™awaop-sY, n. Personal observation or ex-
puffin. amination. {Med.) Post-mortem examination.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tSne, or
 AUTOTYPE 27 AZURE
AntotjTPe. aw'to-tip, n. photograph made by au- A bling sleep; to put intoaction. v.i. To cease to —
totypy. —Autotypy, -tot''i-pt,o/- -to-ti'pT, ?i. A sleep, etc. —
a. Not sleeping; wakeful. Awaken, —
photoVraphic method of making transcripts of pic- awak'n, v. t. and i. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To
tures, by potassium bichromate as a chemical agent. awake.
Autumn, aw'tum, n. The third season of the year; Award, a-wawrd', t'. t. Togive by judicial determina-
the season between sumuier and winter; fall. tion; to assign by sentence; to adjudge. v.i. To
Auxiliar, awg-zil'yar, -iliarsr, -ziFya-rl, a. Helping; as- determine; to make an award. — ti. A judgment,
sisting; subsidiary r Auxil'iary, «• —
helper; assis- A sentence, or final decision; esp. decision of arbitra-
tant; in pi., foreign troops in the service of a nation tors paper containing such decision.
;

at war. {Gram.) A
verb helping to form the moods Aware, a-war', a. Watchful vigilant ; ; hence, ap-
and tenses of other verbs. {Math.) quantity in- A prised; cognizant.
troduced to facilitate some operation. Awash, a-^TOsh', a. "Washed bj- the waves or tide.
Avail, a-val', v. t. [availed (-vald'), availing.] To Away, a-wa', adv. Absent; at a distance; continu-
profit; to assist; to promote. v. i. To be of use; — ously without intermission. interj. Begone. —
to answer the purpose. n. Advantage benefit — ;

Awe, aw, 7i. Profound fear with admiration or rever-

— pi., profits or proceeds. Avail'able, a. Capable — ;

ence; dread: veneration. v.t. [awed (awd), aw- —

of being used to advantage; profitable; able to ef- ing.] To strike with, etc. Aw'fiil, a. Striking, or —
fect the object; valid. filling with, etc. Aw'fully, ar/c — Aw'fulness, n. —
Avalanche, av-a-lansh', n. snow-slip; a mass of A — Awe'struck, a. Impressed with awe.
snow, ice, or earth sliding_down a mountain. Aweather, a-weth''er, adv. (Naut ) On the weather
Avant-courier, a-voN'koo-rer, n. One sent in advance side, or toward the wind; opp. to alee.
to give notice of another's approach. Aweigh,a-wa'', ar/r. (Naitt.) Drawn out of the ground,
Avarice, av'a-ris, n. Excessive love of money or gain; and han^ng; atrip, said of the anchor. —
cupidity; greediness; covetousness. Avari'dous, — Awhile, a-hw'iK, adv. A space of time ; for some
-rish'us, a. Actuated by avarice ; parsimonious ; time; for a short time.
miserly niggardl}'.
; Awkward, awk-'werd, a. Wanting dexterity ; with-
Avenge, a-venj', r. t. [avenged C-venjd''), aven- out skill; bungling; ungraceful; clumsy; uncouth.
ging.] To vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the Awl, awl, n. A
pointed instrument for making small
wrong-doer; to revenge. Aven'^er, n. — holes.
Avenue, av'e-nu, n. An entrance; way; passage; an Awn, awn, n. The bristle or beard of barley, oats^
alley or walk, usually shaded by trees; a wide street. grasses, etc.
Aver, a-ver', i'. t. [averred (a-verd''), averring.] Awning, awn'ing, n. A covering from sun, rain, etc.
To declare positively ; to asseverate, affirm, protest, Awoke'. See Awake.
avouch. Awry, a-ri', a. or adv. Turned or twisted toward one
Average, av'er-ej, a. Medial containing a mean ; side asquint.
—
;

proportion; according to the laws of average. n. Ax, Axe, aks, n. An instrument for hewing timber,,
A contribution tea general loss; a mean proportion; chopping wood, etc.
medial qiiantitj^; a medial estimate or general state- Axial. See Axis.
ment from a comparison of specific cases duty Axil, aks'il, Axilla, -iKla, n. The armpit.
payable to shipmasters on goods. v. t. [aver- — ;

Axiom, aks'I-um, n. A
self-evident and necessary
aged (-ejd), -AGING.] To reduce to a mean; to pro- truth or proposition; an established principle; niax-
portion. —
V. i. To be or form a medial sum or ini; aphorism; adage.
quantity. Axis, aks'is, n. ; pi. !Axes, aks'ez. The straight line
Avert, a-vert', v. t. To turn or cause to turn off, on which a body revolves. (Anut.) The second
aside, or away. — v. i. To turn away. — Aversion, vertebra of the neck; a tooth-like process, on its up-
-ver'shun, n. Opposition or repugnance dislike ; ; per surface, serving as a pivot on which the first
contrariety of nature; cause of repugnance; disgust; vertebra turns. (Bot.) The central
antipathy. part or column of a plant, around
Aviary, a'''vY-a-rY, n. An inclosure for keeping birds. which the other parts are disposed.
— A'^vicul'ture, -chur, n. Care of birds. A central or medial line between cor-
Avidity, a-vid'Tt-tt, n.' An intense desire; strong ap- responding parts. Axle, aks'l, n. —
petite eagerness.
; A .shaft, rod, bar, or spindle forming
—
Avocation, av-o-ka'shun. n. Act of calling aside, or the axis of a pulley, drum, or wheel.
diverting; the business that calls off. [Improperly Ax'letree, n. A transverse bar con-
used for vocation.'] necting the opposite wheels of a car- -o a„i„
^- '*^^''-
Avoid, a-void', v. t. To keep at a distance from to riage.
make void to annul or vacate to shun. (Plead-
;

Ay, Aye, at, adv. Yes; yea; —

a word expressing assent-
;

iiuj.) To defeat or evade, as a plea. v. i. (Law.)

;

— — ?!. An affirmative vote; a voter in the affirmative.

Tcf become void, vacant, or empty. Avoid'less, a. — Aye, a. adv. Always continually. ;

Unavoidable. Aye-aye, at'at, n. " (Zo'ol.) nocturnal quadruped A

Avoirdupois, av'gr-du-poiz', n. or a. A weight in which found i n Mada-
a pound contains 16 ounces, or 7,000 Troy grains. gascar, s o called
Avouch, a-vowch', v. t. [avouched (-vowchf), a- from its cry.
vorcHiNG.] To declare positively, maintain, sup- Azalea, a-za'le-a, w.
port. A genus of flower-
Avow, a-vow', V. t. [.wowed
(-vowd''), avowing.] ing plants.
To declare openly; to own; to acknowledge; to con- Azoic, a-zo'ik, a.
fess. (Law.) To acknowledge and justifv, as an Destitute of ani-
act done. — Avow'al, /i. An open or frank decla- mal life. Azote, —
ration. — Avow'edly, adi\ Openly. — Avowee'', n. a-zot', n. (C/iem.)
An advowee one who has the right to present to A gas unfit for,
Avow'er, n. One who avows. — Avow'-
— ;

a benefice. respiration; nitro-::^

ry, -rt, n. (Law.) Act of a distrainer of goods, who, gen. —
Az'otize, =

in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the -tiz, t. V.[azo-

taking in his own right. TIZED (-tizd), AZO-
Avulsion, a-vuKshun, n. A tearing asixnder; a frag- TiziNG.] To im-
ment torn off. (Law.) Sudden removal of land pregnate with,
from one man's estate to another's by an inundation, etc. ; to nitrogen-
current, etc. ize.
Avuncular, a^vun'ku-lar, a. Of or pert, to an uncle. Azure, azh'er or Aye-Aye. .

Await, a-waf, v7t. To wait or look out for to ex- ; a'zher, o. Of a sky-blue; cerulean. n. The blue-
pect; to be ready for. color of the sky ;-tlie blue vault above. (Her.) Blue„
Awake, a-wak', v. t. [awoke, awaked (-wakf), represented in engraving by horizontal lines. —
AWAKING.] To arouse from sleep, or a state resem- Az'urite, -it, n. Blue caroonate of copper.

siin, c*be, fijll ; moon, fS&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair,. get.
 — — — ;

28 BAGATELLE

B.
B, be. The 2(i letter in the English alphabet ; a vocal a better to a worse state ; in a reverse manner or
labial consonant, the correlative of p. It is etymo- direction ; contrarily. Back'ward, a. Unwilling; —
logically convertible with™, p, f, v, and w. (Mus.) averse ; dull of apprehension ; late or behindhand.
The nominal of the 7th tone in the model major — Back'bite, -bit, v. t. To speak evil of in the ab-
scale (scale of C major), or of the 2d tone in its rela- sence of the person traduced. v. i. To revile the —
tive minor scale (scale of A minor). B flat (Bb.) — — Back'bone, -bon, n. The —
The tone or half step, or semitone lower than B.
Baa, ba, n. The cry of sheep. v. i. To cry or bleat, etc. —
absent. Back'biter, n.
spine firmness spirit ; grit.
; ground, n. Ground
;

in the rear a place of obscurity or shade. (Art.)

;
—
Babble, bab'bl, v. i. [babbled (bab'bld), -bling.] The part of a picture behind, and subordinate to,
To utter words imperfectly or unintelligibly to the foreground. house, n. A building behind a —
——
;

prate to chatter; to make a constant murmuring

;

— mam building a privy. side, n. Hinder part of

;

noise, as a stream running over rocks. v. t. To anything; therear. slide, -slid', v. z. [backslid
— n. Idle talk senseless prate ; unmeaning

— —An — One
prate. (-sWd),p.p.-SLiD'DEN,-SLiD -SLIDING (-slid'ing).]
words. —
Bab'bler, n.
;

An idle talker ; a tell-tale. To fall back or off ; to apostatize.

;

slid'er, n.
Babe, bab, Baby, ba-'bY, n. An infant; a doll. — a. who, etc. ; a renegade. staff, n. instrument
Pert, to, or resembling, — v. [babied an infant. t. for taking the altitude of heavenly bodies. stairs,
(ba'bid), babying.] To treat like a child.— Ba'by- back
of the house a pri-

—way. —
-starz, n. pi. Stairs at the
hood, -h(%d, n. State of being, etc. — Ba'byish, a.
;

vate or indirect stair, a. Indirect illegiti- ;

Like, etc. childish.

; [disorder. I
mate ; undue. stays, -staz, n. pZ. {Naut.)Ropes
Babel, barbel, n. A confused combination of sounds; from the top-mast heads to both sides of a ship, to
Baboo, Baba, ba''b66, n. title of respect among tht A
|

support the mast.

up-stream.
stream, n.
—
sword, -sord, n.
— A
current flowing
A
sword with one
Hindoos. _
Baboon, bab-oon-', n. A large sharp edge. — by some
water, -waw-ter, n. "Water held back,
species of monkev.
Baccalatireate, bak-ka-law'-
as in a stream, obstruction
back by the turning of a water-wheel, etc.
thrown
water
^woods,
-wfiSdz, n. pi. Forests or partly cleared ground on the
;

—
re-at, n. The degree of bach-
elor of arts.
etc.
a. Pert, to, — frontiers of a newly settled country.
n. An inhabitant of, etc.
woods'man, —
Baccara, Baccarat, bak-ka- Backgammon, bak-gam'mon, n. A game played by
ra', n. A French game of two persons, upon a tray, with checkers and dice. —
cards. V. t. To defeat one's opponent, before he has moved
Bacchanal, bak''ka-nal, -na- his counters from the first quarter of the board.
lian, -na'^lt-an, n. A devotee Bacon, ba'kn, n. Hog's flesh salted or pickled and
of Bacchus one prone to smoked.
drunken revels.
;

— a. Pert, Bacterium, bak-te'rt-um, n.; pi. Bacteria, -a.

to reveling in intemperate {Biol.) A
microscopic vegetable organism, belonging
drinking. — Bac'cbanals, to the Algae, usually in tTie form of a jointed rodlike
-nalz, -nalia, -na'lT-a, n. x>l. filament and found in putrefying organic infusions.
Feasts in honor of Bacchus; Bacteria multiply very rapidly. Certain species are
drunken revels. — Bacchant, active agents in fermentation, while others appear to
—
: L. pi. Bacohak-
-kant-', n. be the cause of certain infectious diseases. Bacte-
TES, -kan'tez. priest of A riology, -oKo-jt, n. The science relating to bacteria.
Bacchus; a bacchanal a rev- ;
Baboon. Bad, bad, a. [comp. worse (wers), superl. worst,
eler. — Bacchante, -kanf, (werst).] Wanting good qualities evil vicious.
n. A priestess Bacchus; a female bacchanal.
of — Bad'ly, adv. Bad'ness, n. —
; ;

Bac'chic, -kik, -chical, a. Pert, to, etc.; jovial with Bad, Bade. See Bid.
intoxication drunken. ; Badge, baj, n. A
distinctive mark worn on the person.
Bachelor, bach''e-ler, n. man who has not married; A Badger, baj'er, n. A burrowing quadruped akin to
"ne who has taken the, first degree at a college or the bear. {E. Laiv.) A person licensed to buy and
university a young Ttn'ight.
; sell corn. — v. t. [badgered (baj'erd), -er'ing.]
Bacillus, ba-siKlus, n. ; pi. Bacilli, -li. variety of A To follow up, as the badger is hunted to pester or ;

bacterium. worry.
Back, bak, n. Th'B upper or hinder part of au animal; Badinage, bad-e-nazh', n. Light or playful discourse.
part opp. to the front; the rear; outward or upward Baffle, baffl, v. t. [baffled (-fld), -fling.] To treat
part of a thing, as opp. to the inner or lower part; with mockery; to check by shifts and turns to
—
;

part opp. or most remote; part out of sight. a. In balk to frustrate, elude, foil.
the rear remote. —
adv. To the place whence one
;

Bag, n. A sack or pouch, to hold or convey anything.

came;
;

toward a former state, condition, etc.;

to or — v.i. [bagged (bagd), bagging.] To put into a
away from the front again in return. ; v. t. ; — bag to seize or entrap.
; v. i. To swell like a —
[BACKED (bakt), BACKixG.] To get upon the back full bag.— Bag'ging, n. Cloth or materials for bags-
of; to support or strengthen by aid; to force back- — B a g g y -gi, a.
' ,

ward; to iurnish with a back. v. i. To move or Bulged out, like a bag.

go back. To back out, orb. down. To withdraw from — Bag'man, n. One
an engagement. —
To h. round, said of the wind who carries a bag a
when it shifts against the sun's course, indicating commercial traveler.
;

—
more bad weather. —
To b. an anchor. (^Naut.) To -pipe, n. A Scottish
lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, to musical instrument,
which it is fastened. —
To b. astern. In rowing, to consisting of a leathern
manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual bag, and of pipes, into
method. —
To b. the oars, or back water. To row which air is pressed
backward. —
To b. the sails. To arrange them so as by the performer.
to take out the wind, and cause the sliip to move Bagatelle, bag'a-tel, n. A
astern. —
To b. up. To support or sustain. Back'- — trifle thing of no im-
;

er, n. One who, or that which, backs or supports portance; a game

another. —
Back' ward, -wards, adv. With the back played with balls on a
in advance toward the back on the back, or with
; ; board having holes at Bagpipe.
the back downward
11 VV Lli toward or in
LU t» U,l U. KJl past time
ll-l JJtiOt
VJ. ,
; LXlllC from
XI UlLl 1
; one ClJVJ..
UIIC end.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 BAGGAGE 29 BANK
Baggage, bag'ej, n. The tents, clothing, utensils, etc., broken stone, etc., solidifying the bed of a railroad-
of an army; trunks, bags, etc., tor travelers; lug- — To furnish with, etc.
V. t.
gage. A strumpet a playful, saucy young woman.
: Balloon, bal-loon'. n. A
bag, of silk or other light
Bagnio, ban'yo, n. A bath'-house a brothel. : material, filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so
Bah, ba, inierj. An exclamation of disgust or con- as to rise and float in the atmosphere. (Arch.) A
tempt; pah. ball or globe on the top of a pillar. (Chem.) A
BaU, bal, ?-. ?. [bailed (bald), bailing.] {Law.) To spherical glass receiver.
set free from arrest, becurity being given lor the ap- Ballot, baKlot, n. Orig., a ball used in voting; a writ-
pearance of the person bailed to deliver, upon a ; ten or printed vote; act of voting by balls or tickets;
contract that the trust shall be executed. To free amount of votes cast. v. i. To vote or decide by
from water. — n. (Low.) One who procures a pris- ballot.
oner's release bv bccuiniiig surety lor his appear- Balm, bam, n. An aromatic plant ; resinous sap of
ance in court: the security given. The handle of a certain trees; a f ragrf iit ointment; anything which
kettle, etc. — Bailee,
bal-c*, «. (Law.) One to whom heals, or soothes or mitigates pain. r. t. To anoint —
goods are committed in trust. Bail^er, -or,-er, ?i. — with balm to assuage. Balsam, bawKsam, n. An
; —
(Law.) One who delivers goods to another in trust. aromatic resinous substance, containing an essen-
— Bail'iff, n A
sheriff's deputy, appointed to make tial or volatile oil. (Bot.) species of tree an A :

arrests, collect fines, summon" juries, etc. Bail'i- annual garden plant; balsamine. (Med.) A mix-
wick, n. (Laiv.) The precincts in which a bailiff ture of natural balsams and other articles.
has jurisdiction. Balmoral, bal-mor'al, n. A thick woolen petticoat; a
~"
Bait, bat, fi. Thing used to catch fish, etc.; a lure; kind of shoe.
enticement temptation refreshment taken on a Baluster, baKus-tei, n. (Arch.) A small column or
journey. —
v. t.
; ;

To put on or in, as on a hook, trap, pilaster, supporting the rail of a staircase, etc.; the
etc., to allure game; to feed upon the road: to pro- lateral part of the volute of the Iimic capital. _rim-
voke and harass. v. i. —
To stop for refreshment on properly called ban'nister.} Bal'ustrade, -trad, n. —
a journey. A row of balusters, joined bv a rail.
Baize, baz, n. A coarse woolen stuff, with long nap. Bamboo, bam-boo', n. A kind of reed.
Bake, bak, v. t. [baked (bakt), baking.] To heat, Bamboozle, bam-boo'zl, v. t. To play tricks upon.
drj', and harden; esp. to prepare for food, In a close Ban, ban, n. A public proclamation or edict inter- ;

place heated. y. i. — To do the work of baking; to diction curse, ('i)l.) Public notice of a marriage
be baked. —
Ba'ker, n. One who bakes bread, bis- proposed. v. t.
;

—
lo curse; to execrate.
cuit, etc. a portable tin oven. Baker's dozen. — Banana, ba-na'na, n. A
species of the plantain tree»
—
;

Thirteen in number. Barkery, -er-I, n. place A and its fruit.

for baking bakehouse.
; Backing, n. Quantity — Band, band, That with which a thins is bound or
n.
baked at once. fastened. (Arch.) A flat, low molding; a continu-
Balance, baKans, n. An apparatus for weighing bod- ous tablet or series of ornaments the molding :

ies; what is needed to equalize two quantities; act which encircles Gothic pillars and small shafts. See
of comparing or weighing; an equipoise or just pro- Molding. Means of union between persons a ;

portion; a regulating wheel in a watch. (Astron.) linen neck ornament worn hj clerg^'men; a com-
A sign in the zodiac called Libra. [Improperly pany united in design, esp. a body of armed men, or
of musicians. — v.t. To bind, tie, or mark with a
,

used for reinain/Jer.} v. t. —

[balanced (-anst),
-A.N'CIXG.J To bring to an equipoise; to weigh in a band; to unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.
balance to render equal to compare in relative — v.i. To confederate.— Band'age, -ej, rt. A fillet
; ;

force, value, etc.; to settle and adjust, as an account. or swathe, for binding up wounds, etc. — v. t. [band-
(Dancinij.) To move toward, and then back from, aged (-ejd), -AGING.] To bind with, etc. — Bandeau,
reciprocally. c. (. —
To be in equipoise; to hesitate. ban'do, w. ; pi. -deaux, -doz. A narrow band or
( Dunciiig.) To move toward, etc. fillet ; a head-dress.
Balcony, bal'ko-nl, n. A
gallery on the outside of a Bandana, -danna, ban-dan''na, n. A kind of silk or
building. cotton handkerchief.
Bald, bawld, a. Destitute of natural covering, as of Bandit, ban-'dit, n.; pi. -dits or -ditti, -diftt. A
hair, feathers, foKage, etc.; destitute of ornament; lawless fellow brigand outlaw. ; ;

unadorned. Bandoline, ban''do-lin, n. gumimy preparation for A

.Balderdash, bawKder-dash, n. worthless mixture, Aholding the hair in place.
esp. badly mixed liquor; a senseless jargon of words; Bandy, ban''dt, n. hooked club for striking a ball; A
ribaldry. the game played with it. v. t. [bandied (ban''- —
Baldric^ bawKdrik, n. A warrior's girdle. did), BANDYING.] To beat to and fro, as a ball; to
Bale, bal, n. A bundle of goods corded for transporta- give and receive reciprocally to exchange, toss ;

tion. i\ t. [baled (bald), baling.] To make up about, agitate. Ban'dy-leg, «. crooked leg. — A
in a ba,le. Bane, ban, n. deadly poison a cause of injury. A :

Bale, bal, n. Misery; calamity sorrow. Bang, bang, v. t. [banged (bangd), banging.] To
Bale, V. t. To free from water. See Bail.
;

beat; to handle roughly. n. A blow. —

BaJeen, ba-len', ?i. Horny plates in the whale's Bang, Bangue, bang, n. A narcotic and intoxicating'
mouth whalebone in plates.
; drug made from Indian wild hemp.
Balk, bawk, «. An unplowed ridge or strip; a great Bangle, ban'gl, n. An ornamental ring worn upon
beam or rafter a hindrance disappointment.
; ;
—
the arm, also upon the ankles in India and Africa.
i\ t. [balked (bawkt), balking.] To leave un- Banian, Banyan, ban''yan or ban-j-an', n. Hindoo A
touched in plowing; to disappoint, frustrate. p. i. merchant; a morning gown; —
To stop abruptly in one's course. the Indian fig tree, whose
Ball, bawl, 91. Any round body; any round or protu- branches drop shoots which
berant part of the body; a familiar take root and form new
game. — v. i. [balled (bawld), stems.
balling.] To form, as snow, into Banish, ban'ish, v. i. [ban-
balls, as on the feet. —
Ball and socket ished (-isht), -isHiNG.J To
joint. A joint in which a ball moves condemn to exile to drive
—
;

within a socket, giving motion in away expel. Ban'ish-

every direction. —
BalK-cartridge, ment, n. Act of, or state of
;

-kart-rij, n. A
cartridge containing being, etc.
a bullet. Ban'ister. See under Balus-
Ball, bawl, n. A
social assembly for ter.
dancing. —
Ballad, baKlad, n. pop- A
Banjo, ban'jo, n. stringed Banian tree. A
ular song in simple verses. Ballet,
Ball and
— instrument, resembling the guitar and tamborine,
baKla, n. A theatrical exhibition Sank, bank, n. A ridge of earth steep acclivity; a ;

with music, dancing, etc. socket joint. flat; a shoal; abench of rowers in a galley. (Com.)
Ballast, baKlast, n. (NaiU.) Any heavy substance Money deposited by a number of persons for a par-
placed in the hold of a vessel, to steady it. Gravel, ticular use place for depositing money; a com- ;

siin, cube, full ; moon, iSbi ; cow, oil ; Linger or ink, -ftien, boNboN, chair, get.
 — —

BANKRUPT 30 BAROUCHE
pany concerned in a bank. — t. [banked (bankt), r. Barb, barb, n. A horse of the breed originating in
BANKING.] To mound
or dike about; to in-
raise a Barbary; a pigeon, orig. fr. Barbary.
close or fortify with a bank; to cover, as a fire, with Barbacan, -bican, bar-'bl-kan, 71. '(Fort.) An ad
ashes, etc. ?•. i.—To deposit money in a bank; to ranced work defending the entrance to a castle or
carry on banking. — Bant'er, n. One who keeps a city. An opening in the wall of a fortress for guns.
bank, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of Barbarian, bar-ba'rl-an, n. A man in his rude, unciv-
exchange, etc. — Bank'ing, n. Business of a banker. man. a. Pert.
ilized state; a cruel, savage, brutal —
— Bank'-blU, n. in Amer., a promissory note of to,or resembling savages rude. Bar'^barism, -ba- ;
—
a bank payable to bearer on demand; a banknote. rizm, ?i. An uncivilized state or condition; speech
In Eng., a iiote or bill of exchange, of a bank, pay- contrary to the idioms of a language. Barbarity, —
able to order. book, n. Book for recording bank -bar'^T-tt, »i. Manners of a barbarian; savageness;
accounts. note,;;. A promissory note issued by cruelty. —
Bar'barize, -riz, v. i. To become barba-
a bank, payable to bearer on demand, intended to rous; to use a foreign or barbarous mode of speech.
circulate as money. — V. t. To make barbarous. Bar'^barous, -rus, a. —
Bankrupt, bank'^rupt, n. A trader who breaks or Uncivilized cruel contrary to the idioms of a lan-
— —
; ;

fails; one unable to pay his debts. a. Unable to guage. Bar'barously, ac/i". Bar''barousness, n. —
—
pay debts; insolvent. r. t. To break in trade; to Barbecue, bar''be-ku, n. A hog, ox, etc., roasted
—
make insolvent. Bank^ruptcy, -si, n. State of be- whole; an open-air entertainment at which animals
ing, or act of becoming, etc. are roasted whole. —t). t [barbecued (-kud),-CtJ-
Sanner, ban''ner, n. A military ensign; standard of ING.] To dress and roast whole.
a prince or state; pennon. Barberry, bar'^ber-rl. Berberry, ber^'ber-rY, h. (Bot.)
Banns, banz, n. -pi. Xotice given in church of an in- A hedge plant, bearing berries used for preserves.
tended marriage. [See Ban.] Bard, biird, w. A Celtic minstrel; a poet.
Banquet, bank' wet, n. A least; entertainment. v. t. —
Bare, bar, a. Without covering naked with the ;

—
To treat with, etc. v. i. To regale one's self, feast. head uncovered destitute empty mere; simple.
;

Bantam, ban'tam, n. A small variety of fowl, prob. r. t. —

[bared (bard), baring.] To strip off the
; ; ;

fr. Bantam, in Java. covering of to make naked. Bare'ly, -lY, adv. ;

—
Banter, ban'ter, v. t. [bantered (-terd), -teeing.] To Only; nearly; nakedly.
play upon in words and
— m
good humor to rally, Bare. The old preterit of bear ; now bore. See Bear.
;

ridicule, deride. Ji. Humorous railery, pleasantry. Barege, ba-razh'', 71. A thin dress stuff, of worsted or
Bantingism, ban''ting-izm, u. The reducing of corpu- silk and worsted.
lence by diet. Bargain, bar^'gen, ?i. An agreement concerning the
Bantling,'^ banfling, -a. A small cliild an infant. sale of propertj"^ any agreement or stipulation a ;

—
; ;

Banyan. See Banian. gainful transaction contract purchase. v. t. ; ;

Baobab, ba'o-bab, 71. The largest known tree in the [bargained (-gend), -gaining.] To transfer for a
world, a native of trop- consideration. v. i. —
To make a contract; to agree.
ical Africa. Barge, barj, 7i. A
pleasure boat; a large boat for pas-
Baptism, bap'tizm, n. sengers or goods.
Act of baptizing; the Barium, ba'rT-um, n. The metallic basis of baryta.
application of water, as Bark, bark, n. The exterior covering of a tree; "the
an initiation into the rind. — r. f. [barked (barkt), barking.] To strip
visible church* of the bark from; to peel; to cover or inclose with
Christ. — Bap'tist, n. bark.
One who administers, Bark, bark, n. The noise made by a dog. v. i. To —
John, the fore-
«tc.; esp. make the noise of dogs; to clamor.
runner of Christ. As a Baobab. Bark, Barque, bark, n. (Kaut.) three-masted ves- A
co n t r. of Anabaptist, sel, having fore and
one who rejects infant baptism, and considers im- main masts rigged
mersion essential. —
Bap'tistery, -ter-1, «. place A — as a ship, and the
where, etc. —
Baptist'ic, -ical,_o. Pert, to, etc. mizzen as a schoon-
Baptize, -tiz', v. i. [baptized (-tizd'), -tizing.] To er any small ves-
administer baptism to to christen. Bapti^zer, n.
;
— seL
;

—
Bark'entine,
Bar, bar, n. A
long piece of wood, metal, etc., esp. -ten, n. A three-
as used for obstruction any obstacle which hinders
; masted vessel, with
or defends; a barrier; a bank at the mouth of a riv- foremast rigged
er or harbor. (Law.) The railing about the place for likea ship, main
counsel in courts of justice; the place in court for and mizzen masts
prisoners; the legal profession; a special plea con- like a schooner.
stituting a sufficient answer to the plaintiff's action. Barley, bar'lY, n. A
Any trfljunal; the counter of a tavern, etc., over gram, of the grass Bark.
which liquors are sold. (Her.) A horizontal mark family, used for making malt.
across the escutcheon. Measure. Barm, barm, ?;. Foam
rising upon fermenting malt
(Mild.) Alme drawn per- Measure.
liquors, used as leaven in bread. Barm'y, -Y, a. —
pendicularly across the Containing barm or yeast.
staff. — V. [BARRED Barn, biirn, w. A
building for storing grain, hay, etc.;
<bard), barring.] To
fasten with a bar to
t.

;
Bar. Bar. Double Bar.
I also for stabling cattle and horses.
Barnacle, bar'^na-kl, w. shell-fish. A
species of
—
—A
hinder; prevent to ex- goose found in the northern se^s. pi. (Far.) An
—
;

cept ; to cross with stripes or lines. Barrage, bar''- instrument to put upon a horse's nose, to confine
rej, w. A mound or dyke, to raise the waters of a him. A
pair of spectacles.
river. —
Barricade, bar'rT-kad'', n. (Mil.) defen- A Barometer, ba-rom'e-ter, n. An instrument for de-
sive fortification to check an enemy any bar, ob- termining the weight of the atmosphere, changes of
struction, or means of defense. v. t. To fortify — ;

weather, or height of an ascent. Baromet'ric. —

with any slight work. —
Bar'rier, -rY-er, h. (Fort.) -rical, a. Pert, to, or made bv, etc.
A kind of fence, to stop an enemy. fortress on the A Baron, bar'un, In Eng. the lowest title of nobility;
n.
frontier of a country; any obs'truction limit or one ranking between a viscount and baronet. (Laiv.)
boundary. —
Bar'rister, 71. A
counselor admitted to
:

A husband. (Cookery.) A double sirloin. Bar'on- —

plead at the bar. age, 11. The whole body of barons or peers; the dig-
Barb, ba,rb, ri. Beard, or that which resembles it; the nity of, etc. the land which gives title to, etc. —
point that stands backward in an arrow, fish-hook, Baf^oness, n.
;

A baron's wife or lady. Baro''nial.—

etc.; armor anciently worn by horses, set with iron a. Pert, to, etc. — Bar'ony, «. The lordship, hon-
spikes. —
1\ t. To furnish with barbs; to clothe, as a or, or fee of, etc. — Bar'onet, n. A dignity next
horse, with armor. —
Bar^'ber, n. One who shaves the below a baron and above a knight.
beard, and cuts and dresses the hair, of others. Barouche, ba-roosh'', «. A four-wheeled carriage, with
V. t. To shave and dress the hair of. a falling top.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, f^re ; 6nd, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r ;
 BARRACK 31 BATTLE
Barrack, bar'rak, n. {Mil.) A hut or house for soldiers, Basin, ba'sn, n. A
hollow vessel, to hold water; any
esp. in garrison. hollow place containing water [Geol.') forma- A
Barrator, bar'ra-tSr, n. An
encoura^er of litigation; tion, where the strata dip inward toward the center.
a shipmaster who commits fraud in its management. (Phf/sical Geoff.) A
circular or oval valley; the
— Bar'ratrous, -trus, «. {Law.) Tainted with, etc. tract of country drained by a river.
— Bar'ratry, -trt, n. (Luiv.) Practice of encour- Bask, bask, v.i. [basked (baskt), baskixg.] To lie
—
aging law-suits. (Com.) A fraudulent breach of duty in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. v. t. To
by a ship-master or mariners. warm with genial heat.
Barrel, bar'rel, n. A
round, bulgy vessel or cask; Basket, bas'ket, n. A
vessel made of twigs, rushes,
the quantity contained in it, varying from .31.V to — etc., interwoven. —
Bas'ketfnl, n. The contents of,
3(j gallons; any hollow cylinder. i-. /. [bakeeled — etc.
(-reld), -RELING.] To put or pack in, etc. Basque, bask, n. A part of a lady's dress, resembling
Barren, bar'ren, a. Incapable of producing offspring; a jacket.
producing nothing: sterile; dull: empty. n. Ele- — Bass, bas, n. sing. & pi. A food fish of several species.
vated lands, producing small trees, but not timber. The tiel tree, or its bark, used for mats, etc.
Barricade, Barrier, Barrister. See under Bar. Bass, Bassoon, Bass-relief. See under Base, a.
Barrow, bar'ro, n. hand-carnage. A hog, esp. a A Bast, bast, H. Inner bark of the lime tree; matting,
male hog castrated. A
mound raised over graves, cordage, etc., made of the bark.
esp. of those fallen in battle. Bastard, bas'terd, n. An illegitimate child; an infe-
Barter, bar'ter, v. i. [bartered (-terd), -terixg.] rior quality of brown sugar; mold for draining su-
To traffic by exchanging one commodity for another.
— gar. —
a. IllegitimatS*'; spurious adulterate. Bas'- ; —
v.t. To exchange, or give in exchange. n. Act of, — tardy, -d1, n. State of being, etc.
practice of, etc.; thing given in exchange; dealing; Baste, bast, r. t. To beat to cudgel to sprinkle ; ;

traffic. flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat
Bartizan, bar'tt-zan', n. small overhanging tur- A in roasting.
ret, projecting from angles of towers, parapets, etc. Bastile, bas-teK, n. Orig., a wooden tower used in
Baryta, ba-ri'ta, n. (^Min.) The heaviest of the earths. warfare ; any tower or fortification esp. an old ;

— Bary'tum, Ba'rium, -rT-um, n. metal, the base A fortification m Paris, used as a state prison, but de-
of baryta. molished in 1789.
_
Barytone, Baritone, bar''I-ton, a. (Mus.) Grave and Bastinade, bas-tl-nad', -nado, -na'do, n. A beating or
deep. ( Gr. Gram.) jVot marked with an accent cudgeling; esp. the Chinese and Turkish punish-
on the last syllable. —
n. {JIi(.<-.^ A male voice be- ment of beating on the soles of the feet. v. t. To —
tween bass and tenor. {Greek Gram.) A word beat with a cudgel, esp. on the soles of the feet.
unmarked on the last syllable, the grave accent be- Bastion, basfyun, n. {Fort.) A
projecting part of the
ing understood. main inclosure, consisting of faces and the flanks.
Basalt, ba-sawlf, n. {3Iin.) A rock of igneous origin, Bat, bat, n. A club, used in playing ball a sheet of ;

usually of a greenish-black color. A kind of black cotton prepared for filling quilts; a piece of a brick.
porcelain. — V. i. To manage a bat, or play with one.
Bas-bleu, ba-ble'' or ba-bloo'', n. literary lady; a A Bat, n. A winged mammal hav-
blue-stocking. ing a body like a mouse.
Base, has, a. Of humble birth and low degree; il- Batch, bach, n. The quantity •

legitimate by birth low in value or ; of bread baked at one time;

estimation morally low unworthy ;
; ; any business dispatched at
mean vile not refined deep or grave
; ; ; once; any quantity of things
in sound. {Law.) Not held bv hon- so united as to have like qual-
orable service. —
Base or Bass, bas, «. ities.
Bat.
{Mits.) Deep or grave in sound. n. The Bate, bat, v. t. To lessen to ;

lowest musical part the gravest male ; abate; to allow by way of deduction.
voice. —
Bassoon, bas-soon'', n. {Mus.) Bateau, bat-o'', n.;pl. B.Iteai'x, bat-oz''. Alight boat.
A wind instrument, resembling a flute, Bath, biith, n., pi. Baths, bathz. place to bathe in; A
having a very low note. —
Bass-viol, act of exposing the body to water or vapor. {Chem.y
bas'vi'ol, n. (Mus.) A stringed instru- A medium, as heated sand, through which heat is
ment for the Dass part ; violoncello.^ applied to a body. —
Bathe, batlie, ?. i. [bathed
Bas-relief, ba-re-lef. Bass-relief, bas''- (bathd), bathing.] To wash by immersion; to mois-
re-lef, Bas''so-rilie''vo, -re-le-a''vo, n. ten with a liquid. v. i. —
To be, or lie, in a bath; to
Sculpture, whose figures do not stand immerse. n. —bath. A
out far from the ground on which they
— Bathos, ba'thos, n. {Rhet.) A
ludicrous descent
are formed. Base''ment, n. {Arch.) from the elevated to the mean.
The lowest story of a building. Baton, ba-tox'', Batoon, ba-toon', n. staff or trun- A
Base, bas, n. The bottom; the part of a cheon.
thing on which it stands. {Arch.) The Batrachian, ba-tra''kt-an, a. Pert, to animals of the
part of a column between pedestal and frog tribe.
shaft the lower projecting part of a
; Battalion. See under Battle.
wall. {Cheni.) The principal element Bassoon. Batten, bat'n, v. t. [battened (-tnd), -tening.)
of a compound. {D/jeinrj.) A substance used as a To fatten; to fertilize, as land. v. i. To grow fat,
mordant. {Mil.) A protected tract of country, from live in luxury. 7i. — A
narrow piece of board, or
which an army conducts operations. {Surv.) A line scantling the movable bar of a loom.
; v. t. To —
from which to compute the distances and
positions fasten with battens.
of outlying points. v. t. —
[based (bast), bas'.xg.] Batter, bafter, v. t. [battered (-terd), -teeing.] To
To put on a base or basis; to found. Basis, ba'sis, — beat repeatedly and with violence esp. to attack
—
;

n. ; pi. Ba'ses, -sez. That on which a thing rests ; with artillery; to wear with beating or by use. n.
groundwork or first principle. { Cookery.) A
mixture of several ingredients, beaten
Bashaw, ba-shaw'. Pacha, Pasha, pa-shaw'', n. A up with some liquid. — Bat''terer, n. — Baftery,
Turkish title of honor; a haughty, imperious per- Act of battering. {Mil.) Any place where
-ter-T, n.
son. cannon are mounted; a body of cannon taken col-
Bashful, bash'ful, a. Having a down-cast look; very lectively. {Elec.) A
number -of coated jars,_con-
modest. —
Bash^fully, adv. Bash'fulness, n. — nected, to be charged and discharged simultane-
Basement. See under Base. a. ously. Galv.) An apparatus for generating galvanic
(
Basic, Basis, etc. See under Base. n. electricity. {Laiv.) Unlawful Beating of another.
Basilic, ba-ziKik, Basilica, -ziKl-ka, n. king's pal- A Batting, bat' ting, n. Cotton or wool in sheets; bat.
ace; a large hall or court of justice; a church, chapel, Battle, bat'tl, n. A
fight between enemies or oppos-
or cathedral. ing forces; combat; engagement. v.i. [battled —
Basilisk, baz'i-lisk, n. fabulous serpent, whose A (;bat''ld), battling.] To contend in fight. Battal- —
breath and look were thought to be fatal. {Jf^at. ion, -taKyun, n. A
body of infantry, containing
Hist.) A genus of lizards. several companies, and less than a regiment.

sfin, cabe, full ; moon, fd&t ; eow, oil ; linger or igk, tiien, bouboN, chair, get.
 — —

BATTLEDOOR 32 BEAUTY
Battledoor, bat'i. Jor, n. An instrument -with a born, BORX"; p.pr.&vb.n. bearing.] To support or
handle and fiat board, used to strike a shuttle-cock. sustain, convey; to possess and use; to carry, wear;
Battlement, baf'-ment, n. (Arch.) An indented to entertain ; to endure, tolerate, suffer; to be an-
parapet, orig. ..^ed on swerable for; to carry on, o maintain to admit or ;

fortitications. be capable of to behave, uct ; to supply with to

Battue, baftoo, n. Act of bring forth, give birth to.
;

v. i. To produce, be — ;

beating woods, etc., for fruitful; to press; to take effect; to be situated,

game the game itself. with respect to something else; to relate or refer to.
;

Bauble, Bawble, baw'bl, n. — Bear'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. one who ;

A
trifling piece of finery; assists in carrying a body to the gr:ive. (Com.) One
a gew-gaw. who holds a cneck, note, draft, etc., lor the payment
Bawd, bawd, n. One who of money. —
Bear'ing, n. Manner in which one
keeps a brothel, and con- bears himself; deportment; situation of an object,
ducts criminal intrigues. with respect to another object; relation; influence;
— V. i. To procure women Battlement. tendency; act of giving birth. (Arch.) Span of a
for lewd purposes. beam, rafter, etc. (Her.) An emblem or charge in
Bawl, bawl, v. i. [bawled (bawld), rawlixg.] To an escutcheon. (Much.) The part in contact with
cry with vehemence.
— n. —
u. t. To proL_iim by outcry. which a journal moves; part of a shaft or axle in
_A loud, prolong "(1 cry. contact with suppoits.
Bay, ba, a. Red or re^.-ish, inclining to a chestnut Bear, bar, «. A
quadru ped of tlie genus Ursus; a brutal,
color^ roughly-behaved per-
Bay, ba, n. An inlet of the sea. (Arch.) division A son. (Stock Exchange.)
in the arrangement of a building an inclosed ;
One who contracts to
place^ in a barn, for hay. deliver, at some future
Bay, ba, «. The laurel tree ; pi., an honorary crown, time, stocks which he
anciently made
of laurel branches. does not own, and
Bay, ba, n. Act of facing an antagonist when escape therefore seeks to pull
is impossible. 2;. i. —
To bark, as a dog, at his game. down their value, —
— v.t. To bark at. opp. to a bull, who con-
Bayonet, ba'o-net, n. (Mil.) A dagger fitted upon the tracts to take stocks,
muzzle of a gun. — r. t. To stab with, or drive by, and seeks to raise their
. etc.
_ value. (Astron.) One
Bayou, Woo, n. The outlet of a lake; a channel for of two constellations Black Bear.
water. in the northern hemisphere, the Greater and Lesser
Bazaar, Bazar, ba-zar^', n. In the East, a market-place, Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. v. t. —
or assemblage of shops; a hall or suite of rooms for [beared Cbard), bearing.] To depress the- value
the sale of goods. of (stocks) to depreciate by alarming rumors.
;

Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as he- Beaf d, herd, Ji. The hair on the chin and adjacent
sprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often parts of the face the long hairs on a plant the
has the meaning to make, and transforms them into awn. — V. t.
;

To seize or pull by the beard to set at

;

verbs : thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim, defiance. — Beard'ed, a. Beard'less. a. — ;

to make a fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of Beast, best, n. A

four-tooted animal a brute a de- ; ;

hy, as beside. For words beginning with Be- not graded or brutal man. —
Beast'ly, -It, Bestial, besf-
found in this vocabulary, see the original word thus, yal, a. Pert, to, having the form or nature of, or
for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., sep Daub, Dim, etc.
:

resembling, a beast filthy carnal depraved.

; ; ;
—
Be, f. i. and auodliary. [imp. was ??. p. beex ; ; p. pr. Beasfliness, »?. —
Bestiality, -yaKt-tt, m. Brutism;
and r6. n. being.] To
exist logically, or actually; beastliness; unnatural connection with a beast.
some particular state or relation to pass
to exist in Bes'tialize, v. t. To make bestial. Bes'tially, adv. —
—
;

from one state to another; to become. Be'ing, n. Beat, bet, w. ^ [beat; beat or beaten; beati.xg.] To ,

Existence, state, condition; anything existing. strike repeatedly, pound, maul, drub to break or ;

Beach, bech, w. A sandy or pebbly shore; strand. form by beating; to scour or range over; to overcome
V.
t. To run upon a beach. in contest, conquer, vanquish to indicate by beat- ;

Beacon, be'kn, n. A
fire to signal an enemy's ap- ing a drum. ^17. i. To strike repeatedly; to throb,
proach. (N^aut.) A
signal or mark near the shore, pulsate; to come or act with violence; to be in agita-
or in shoal water, to guide mariners. That whicli tion or doubt, (yuut.) To sail against the direc-
warns of danger. v. t. —
[beaconed (be'^nd), tion of the wind. w. — A
stroke; blow; a recurring
-coxixG.] To give light to, as a beacon. stroke; pulsation. (J/((s.) The rise or fall 0+" the
Bead, bed, n. A
little ball, to be strung on a thread, hand or foot, in regulating time; a transient grace-
and worn for ornament, or for counting pravers, tone, struck immediately before the one it orna-
etc.; any small globular bodv. r. t. To ornament — ments. A course frequently gone over; a place of
with beads. —
Bead'ing, n. "(AYch.) A molding in habitual resort.— re. Weary; tired; fatigued.— Beaf-
imitationof beads. —Bead -'-roll, -rol, n. (Rom. Cath. ing, n. Act of giving blows punishment by blows ; ;

Church.) A list of those for whom prayers are to pulsation throbbing. (Xaut.) Sailing against the
be counted off on beads; a catalogue in general.
;

—
wind by tacks. Beaten, bet'n, p. a. Smoothed by
Beadsman, bedz''man, n. ; pi. Beadsmen. One em- beating; worn by use. —
Beat'er, n One who, etc. ;

ployed in praying, who drops a bead at each prayer. an instrument for pounding.
Beadle, be'dl, n. A messenger or crier of a court; an Beatify, be-at't-fi, v. t. [beatified (-fid), -eying.]
officer in a university, who precedes processions ; To pronounce or regard as happy. (Rom. Cath.
an inferior parish officer. Church.) To declare that one is received into heaven.
Beagle, be'gl, n. A
small hound, used in hunting — Beat'itude, -tud, n. Felicity of the highest kind;
hares. pi. the declarations of blessedness made by our Sav-
3eak, bek, n. The bill or nib of a bird, turtle, etc.; ior in regard to particular virtues. _
anything pointed or projecting like a bea^. Beau, bo, n. ; pi. F. Beau.x, E. Beau.s, boz. man of A
Beaker, bek'er, n. A large dririking-cup or vessel. dress: a dandy; a fine, gay man; a lady's attendant
Beam, bem, n. Any large, long piece of timber: a or suitor. —Beau ideal, -i-de'al. conception of A
main timber of a building, shjp, loom, plow, etc.; perfect or consummate beauty. [F., beautiful ideal.]
the part of a balance, from which the scales hang; — Beaumonde.-moNd''. The fashionable world. [F.,
pole of a carriage; shank of an anchor; a collection fine world.] —
Bel-esprit, bel'e.si)re', n. ; pi. Beau.k-
of parallel _rays from a luminous body. v. t. — ESPRITS, bo-zes-pre'. A fine aenius; a man of wit.
[beamed (bemd), beam[N(;.] To send forth; to emit. [F.] -Belle, bel, n. A young lady, beautiful and ad-
—»;. I. To emit rays of light; to shine. mired.— Belles-lettres, bel-let'tgr, n. pi. Polite or
Sean, ben, w. A leguminous plant, and its seed. — elegant literature, esp. poetry and rhetoric. [F.]
Bean'-fly, n. A fly found on bean flowers.
n. A migratory goose, feeding on beans.
goose, — Beauty, bu'tT, n. An assemblage of graces or pleas-
ing qualities: a particular grace, feature, excellence,.
Bear, bar, v. t. [imp. bore (formerly b.\re); p.p. etc.; a beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman.
—
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, Sr ;
 BEAVER 33 BELDAM
Beau'tifal, -tT-ful, a. Handsome; prcttv. Beau'- — a fermented extract of the roots, etc., of spruce, gin-
tifully, a(/r. —
Beau'tify, v. t. [beautified (-tid), ger, sassafras, etc.
-KYi.Mi.] To make beautiful; to adoiu; ornament; Beet, bet, n. A
plant having a succulent root used for
embellish. — v. i. To become beautitul. todd and for making sugar.
Beaver, be'ver, n. An amphibious, rodent quadru- Beetle, be'tl, n. A
heavy mallet or wooden hammer.
ped; its fur: a hat made of the fur a cloth, some- ; (Zool.) A coleopterous insect having four wing>,
times felted, for makinj; overcoats, hats, etc. Part the outer pair being stiff cases to cover the others
of a helmet which the wearer could raise or lower when folded. A
machine to produce figured fabrics
to eat and drink. by pressure from corrugated rollers. v. t. To pro- —
Becalm, Bechance. Becharm, etc. See Be-, prefix. —
duce ornamental figures on. v.i. To hang or ex-
Became. See Become. tend out; to jut.
Because, be-ka wz', conj. By or for the cause that for ; Befall, bc-fawK, ?•. t. \iwp. befell; p. p. -fallex;
the reason that. -FALLi.vG.J To happen to, occur to. v i. To come —
UecKon, beK'u, v t. [beckoned (bek'nd), -oning.] to pass, happen.
To make a sign by noddinij,. etc. — v. t. To make a Before, be-for', j^irep. In front of preceding in space,
;

siguiticant sign to ; to summon. time, dignity, order, right, etc.; in presence or sight
Become, be-kum'', v. i. limp, became; p.p. become; of; facing; in the power ot. —
adv. On the lore
BECOMING.] To pass from one condition to another; part; in front: in time preceding; already.— Eefore'-
to enter into some new state. — v. t. To suit or be hand, adv. In a state of anticipation; bv way of
suitable to, be congruous with, befit. — Becom^ing, preparation or preliminary. a. In comfortable —
a. Appropriate or fit graceful; befitting.
; Be- —
financial circumstances; forehanded.
com^ingly, ac/v. —
Becom'ingness, /(. Beg, beg or ba, n. An Oriental governor of a town,
Becquerel rays, bek-ker-eK. An invisible radiation city, or district; a bey.
Irum the salts of uranium and a few similar sub- Beg, beg, v. t. [begged (begd), begging.] To ask
stances, capable of producing photographic effects. earnestly, with humility or in charity; to entreat,
Bed, n. Something to sleep or rest in or on; matrimo- implore; to take for granted. r. i. "To ask alms —
nial connection marriage a plat of ground in a
; ; or charity. Beggar, beg^ger, n. One who, etc.; one —
garden; bottom of a bodv of water. (GeoL) A
who lives by begging, a mendicant. v. t. [beg-
layer, seam, or stratum. I'lace on which anything gared (-gerd), -gaking.] To reduce to beggary,
rests. V. t. To place in a bed; to plant and inclose impoverish, exhaust. Beg'garly, -ll, a. Extremely —
or cover; to put in a place of rest and security. v. indigent; mean; poor. —
i. —
Togo to bed. cohabit. Bed^ding, w. Materia,ls Beget, be-gef, v. i. [begot or begat; begot or be-
for a bed, for man or beast. ( GeoL) Position of gotten begetting.] To procreate, as a father or ;

layers, etc. —
Bed'rid, -ridden, -rid-n, a. Confined sire; to generate, produce.
—
Bed'hug, n. An Begin, be-gin'', v. i [imp. began p. p. begun be-
to' the bed by age or infirmity.
offensive bug, infesting beds.
room for, etc. —— chamber, ??.
clothes, -clotiz, ?i. Sheets, blank-
— A
ginning.] To have an original or first existence;
to take rise, commence; to do the first act, take the
; ;

ets, etc., for, etc. fellow, n. One who sleeps with first step. V. t. To enter on, commence. Begin''- — —
another. —
piece, -plate, n. (Much.) The founda-
tion-framing or block base-plate
ner, n. One who, etc.; esp. an inexperienced prac-
titioner; a tyro. —
Begin'ning, n. The first cause; —
-room, 11. An apartment for, etc.
etc. —
; sole-plate.
side, n. Side of,
stead, -sted, n. Frame for supporting, etc.
— ;

origin; that which is first; commencement; the ru-

diments, first ground, or materials.—
-tick, n. A cloth case, to inclose the materials of, Begone, be-gawn', interj. Go away; depart.
etc. —
time, n. Hour for going to bed.
Bedlam, bed'iam, n. A
madhouse; scene of uproar.
Begonia, be-go'nT-a, n. genus of ornamental plants
with one-sided leaves, often brightly colored.
A
Bedouin, bed'oo-en, n One of the nomad Arab tribes Beguile, be-giK, v. t. [beguiled (-gTld'), beguiling.]
of Arabia and Africa. To delude by artifice, impose on to cause to pass ;

Bee, be, n. (Entom.) A four-winged insect that makes without notice, deceive, cheat, insnare.
wax and honey; an assemblage to labor for others. Behalf, be-haf, n. Advantage; interest; support; de-
[Amer.] pi. (Naut.) Pieces of plank bolted to the fense.
outer end of the bowsprit. Behave, be-hav', v. f. [behaved (-havd'), behaving.^
Beech, bech, n. A tree of the genus Fagus. Beechen, —
To carry, conduct, Dear, used reflexivelj^. v. t. — —
bech'^n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, the wood or To act; to bear or carry one's self. Behavior, -hav'- —
—
bark of, etc. Beech'mast, ?;. The nuts of, etc. yer, n. Manner of behaving; conduct; deportment.
-Oil, n. An oil expressed from the mast. Behead, be-hed'', v. t. To sever the head from.
Behemoth, be'he-moth, n. An animal described in
Job, xl. 15-24, supposed to be the hippopotamus.
Behest, be-hesf, n. Command; injunction.
Behind, be-hlnd', prep. On the side opp. the front;
at the back or other side of left at a distance by; ;

inferior to. adv. In the rear backward remain- ; ;

ing; past. Behind'hand, a. In arrear; in a state —

of backwardness.
Behold, be-hold'', v. t. [beheld {p. p. formerly be-
holden), beholding.] To fix the eyes upon to ;

see with attention. —

i'. i. To^irect the eyes to an.
object; tolook.— Beholden, -hold'n,?). T. Obliged;
bound in gratitude; indebted. BehoWer, n. — A
spectator.
Behoof, be-hoof, n. Advantage; profit; benefit.
Behoove, -hove, -hoov', v. t. [behooved (-hoovd').
-hooving.] To be necessary for; to be fit or meet for
I, neck ; 2. shaking-piece;
I
10, round; 11, leg; 12, Being. See under Be.
3, chine; 4, ribs 5, clod;
; foot ;13, udder 14, shin; ;
Belabor, be-la''ber, v. t. To work diligently upon to ;

fi, brisket ; 7, flank ; 8, | 15. cheek, beat soundly, cudgel.

loin, sirloin; 9, rump; Belay, be-la'', v. t. [belayed (-lad'), belaying.}
Beef, bef, n. An
animal of the genus Bos, including (:^ant.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking turns
the bull, cow, and ox, in their full-grown state; the with it round a pin, etc. —
Belay'ing-pin, n. A
flesh of bovine animals, when killed. a. Pert, to, — strong pin round which ropes are wound.
or consisting of the flesh of, etc. Beeves, bevz, n. — Belch, belch, v. t. [belched (belcht), belching.]
pi., when the animals are meant. Beefsteak, -stak, — To throw up from the stomach with violence to ;

n. A
slice of beef for broiling. eruct; to eject violently from within. ?•. To — ('.

—
Been. See Be. eject wind from the stomach to issue violently.
;

Beer, ber, n. Fermented liquor made from malted ri Act of belching: eructation.
grain, with hops and other bitter flavoring matters; Beldam, -dame, beKdam. n. An ugly old woman.

eiin, cube, full ; moon, f(36t ; cow, oil ; liQger or igk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 BELEAGUER 34 BERRY
1
3eleagaer, be-le'ger, v. t. [beleaguered (-g5rd), rope is fastened. One of the honorable or-
{Her.)
-GUEKIXG.] To surround with an army so as to pre- dinaries, made lines drawn across from the
bj^ two
clude escape; to besicjre, blockade, environ. dexter chief to the sinister base point.
— Bent, n.
Bend'er, n. —
Bel-esprit. See under Beau. State of bein" inclined from a straight
Belfry, bcKfrT, n. Orig., a movable tower, erected by line; flexurej leaning or bias; propensitj'.
besiegers for attack and defense; a bell-tower ; a cu- Beneath, be-neth' or -neth', prep. Lower in place,
pola or turret, or room in a tower, for a bell. with something over or on under; unworthy of;
'Belie, r.t. [belied (-lid'), belying.] To give
be-W, unbecoming. —
adv. In a lower place; below, as
;

the lie to; to show to be false; to give a false account opp. to heaven, or to anj' superior region.
of; to slander, counterfeit. Benedict, ben'e-dikt, Ben'edick, n. married man, A
3elieTe, be-lev', v.'t. [believed (-levd'), -lievixg.] or man newly married.
To be persuaded of the truth of, place confidence Benedictine, ben-e-dikt'in, a. Pert, to the monks of
in, credit. v. i. —
To have a firm persuasion; to St. Benedict. n. — A
monk of the order established
think, suppose. —
Believ'er, n. One who, etc.; e^p.,
—
by St. Benedict in the (Jth century; a Black Friar.
one who believes in divine revelation. Belief, -let'', Benediction, ben-e-dik'shun, n. Act of blessing; bless-
n. An
assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, ing, prayer, or kind wishes; esp. the short pra3'er
proposition, etc.; thing believed; a tenet, or body of which closes public worship.
tenets; credence; trust; faith: confidence. Benefaction, ben-e-fak'shun, n. Act of conferring a
JBelike, be-lik'', a':/y. It is likely; probably: perhaps. benefit; benefit conferred, esp. a donation. Bene- —
Bell, bel, n. A
hollow metallic vessel which rings fac'tor, -ter, ?j. One who confers, etc. Benefac'-
— —
when struck; anytning like a bell. Bells, belz, n. — tress, n. A
woman who, etc. Ben'eflce, -rts, re.
{JVaut.) The half-hours of the watch, indicated by Lit., a benefit, advantage, or kindness. {Church of
strokes on the bell. —
Bell 'bird, n. A
bird of Brazil, Eng/) An ecclesiastical living. Ben'eficed, -fist, —
also one of Australia, whose notes resemble bells. a. Possessed of a benefice. Beneficence,, -nef- —
belladonna, bei'la-don'na, n. Deadly nightshade, t-sens, n. Practice of doing good; active goodness
formerly used as a cosmetic. or charity. —
Beneficent, a. Doing good; bounti-
Belle, Belles-lettres. See under Beau. ful; generous; munificent. Benef'icently, arfu. —
lellicose, bel'lT-kos, a. Disposed to contention; Beneficial, -e-fish'al, a. Conferring benefits; profit-
pugnacious. —
Belligerent, -lij'er-ent, a. Waging able. {Law.) Receiving, or entitled to receive, ad-
—
war; tending to, or disposed for, war. n. A na- — vantage, use, or benefit. Benefi.'cially, adv. —
tion, power, or state, carrving on war. Beneficiary, -fish'T-er-t, a. Holding office or pos-
lellow, bel'lo, v. i. To ma"ke a hollow, loud noise, as session, in subordination to another. n. feuda- — A
a bull; to bawl, clamor, roar. —n. Aloud outcry. tory or vassal one who holds a benefice; one who
—
;

bellows, bel'lus, n. sing, and 'pi. An instrument to receives a gift, or is maintained by charity. Ben'-
propel air through a tube. —
Bel'lows-fisll, n. A efit," n. An act of kindness; favor conferred; what-
fish having a ever promotes prosperity, or adds value to property.
long tubular A performance at a theater, etc., in aid of some
snout, like bel- person or object. {Eng. Law.) Benefit of clergy,
lows-pipe; the — the exemption of clergymen from criminal pro-
trumpet-fish. cess before secular judge, anciently extended to
"a
:Belly,beKlT, n. all who could read. — To do good to, be use-
v. t.
The part of ful to. — To gain advantage.
V. i.
the body con- Benevolence, be-nev''o-lens, n. Disposition to do
tain i n g the good; benignity; tenderness; charitableness; an act
bowels, or in- of kindness; a tax illegally exacted by arbitrary
testines the ; kings of England. See Phrex'Ology. Benev'o- —
abdomen; any lent, a. Having a disposition to do good; possessing
thing resem- love to mankind. —
Benev'olently, adv.
bling the belly Bengal light, ben-gawl'-llt, Bengola, -gola, n. A fire-
i n protuber- work, producing a vivid and sustained colored
Bellows-fish.
ance or cavity. light, used for signals at night.
— V. i. To
swell and become protuberant. Bengalee, Bengali, ben-gaw-le', n. _ The language
Belong, be-long', v. i. [beloxged (-longd'), beloxg- spoken in Bengal. —
Eengalese, -ez', n. sing, and
ING.] To be tne property, concern, or proper business pi. A native, or the natives of, etc. a. Pert, to —
of; to appertain; to be a part of, or connected with; Bengal or to its people.
to be native to, or to have a legal residence. Benight, be-nit', v. t. To involve in night or dark-
Beloved, rt.s n pt. be-luvd', as an adj. be-luv'ed. ness; esp. in moral darkness or ignorance.
Greatly loved; dear to the heart. Benign, be-nin', a. Of a kind disposition mani- ;

Below, be-lo', prep. Under in place; beneath; not so festing kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; propitious;
high; inferior to in rank, excellence, or dignity; salutary; gracious. —
Beni^'nant, a. Kind. Be- —
unworthy of; unbefitting, —arfy. In a lower place; nig'nantly, adv. —
Benig'nity, -nT-tT, n. Quality of
beneath. being benign; condescending kindness; gracious-
Belt, belt, n. That which engirdles, restrains, or con- ness; salubrity; wholesome quality.
fines; a band or girdle, d. ft —
To encircle as with a Bent. See under Bexd.
encompass.
belt; to Benzoin, ben-zoin', n. A fragrant resin from a tree of
Bemoan, be-mon', v. t. [bemoaned (-mond'), be- Sumatra, Java, etc. —
Benzo'ic, a. Pert, to, or ob-
jfOAXiXG.] To express deep grief for, by moaning;
to lament, bewail.
tained from, etc. —
Ben'zine, -ziu or-zen, n. A light
oil of petroleum.— Benzole, -zol', Ben'zoline, -zo-lin,
Bench, bench, n. A long seat; a work-table: the seat n. {Chem.) An oily substance obtained from coal
forjudges in court; persons who sit as judges; the tar, and possessing solvent powers.
court a collection of dogs, usually put on benches,
; Bequeath, be-kwetli', v. t. [bequeathed (-kwetlid),
for exhibition. —
-war'rant, n. {Law.) .A process is- -QUE.\THIXG.] To give or leave by will to hand :

sued by a court against one guilty of contempt, or down, devise. —Bequeath'er, n. Bequest, -kwest', —
indicted for crime. n. {Laiv.)_ Something left by will legacy. :

Bend, bend, v. t. [bexded or bext bexdixg.] To ; Berate, be-rat', v. t. To rate, or chide, veliemently;
crook by straining: to curve; to turn out of the direct to scold.
course to some certain point: to incline or exercise Bereave, be-rev', v. t. [bereaved (-revd') or bereft;
closely or with interest; to exert; to apply; to ren- BEEEAViXG.] To make destitute, deprive; to take
der submissive, subdue. {Nant.) To fasten, as one away f rom. — Bereave'ment, ?i. — Bereav'er, n.
rope to another, or as a sail to its yard. v. i. To — Berg, Derg, n. A
large mass or mountain of ice.
be moved or strained out of a straig'ht line; to bow; Berun, ber'lin or ber-lin', n. A four-wheeled car-
to be inclined with interest, or closely; to be direct- riage, like a chariot; a fine worsted for fancy work.
ed; to bow in prayer, or in submis.sion. n. A turn — Berry, ber'T, n. A small pulpy fruit containing seeds-
or deflection from a straight line or direction a ; an egg of a fish. v. i. —
To bear or produce berries
curve; incurvation. (Naut.) A
knot by which a —V. t. To impregnate with eggs or spawn.
am, fame, far, pass <»• opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r ;
 — —— — ,

5ERTH 35 BIBLIOGRAPHER
Berth, bSrth, n. The place where a ship lies when at secration. — Betroth'al, -ment, n. A mutual en-
anchor, or at a wharf a sleeping-iiluce in a ship; gagement for marriage; espousals.
;

official situation, position or employment. v. t. — Better, befter, a. (conip. or' Good). Having good
To sive an anchorage or place to lie lit to furnish ; qualities in a greater aegree ; preferable in value,
berths to. use, safety, etc.; improved in health. n. Advan-
Beryl, ber'il, n. A
hard green or bluish-green min- tage, superiority, or victory; improvement; pi. those
eral, same as the emerald, except in color. who have claim to precedence; superiors. adv. —
Beseech, be-sech', r. t. [besought (-sawf), beseech- (cow/), o/' Well). In a superior manner; more cor-
IXG.] To ask urgently; to solicit, supplicate. rectlv: in a higher degree; more. v. t. —
[bettered
Beseem, be-sem', v. t. To be fit for, or worthy of; to (-terd), -TERING.] —
To increase the good qualities of;
beht. to improve, amend, correct, promote.
Beset, be-set', v. t. [beset; besetting.] To put or Between, be-twen', prep. In the intermediate space of,
place, on, in, or around; to stop up, waylay, olock- without regard to distance; from one to another of;
ade; to hem in or press on all sides; to environ, be- shared by two or both of; in intermediate relation
siege, embarrass, ui'ge. to. —Between'-decks, n. (Naiit.) The open space
Beshrew, be-shroo'', v. t. To wish curses to; to execrate. between two decks of a ship. Betwixt, -twikst',
Beside, be-sid', jrrep. At the side of; aside from: out pj-ep. Same as Between.
of the regular course or order ; out of. — Besides, Bevel, bev'el, n. A slant of a surface at an angle
— prep. OverMore
-sidz', adv. than that; moreover; in addition.
and above; separate or distinct from;
other than a right angle; an instrument
for measuring angles. —
a. Having the
in addition to. — To he beside one's self. To be out form of a bevel; slanting. v. t. [bev-—
of one's senses, or frantic. eled (-eld), -eling.] To cut to a bevel
Besiege, be-sej', i\ t. [besieged (-sejd''), -sieging.] angle. —v. i. To slant to a bevel angle,
To oeset with armed forces, in order to compel to or from a direct line. —
Bev'el-gear, n. Bevel.
surrender; to beleaguer, invest. Besieg'er, «.
Besique, -zique, ba-zeli'', n. A game of cards, played
by two or four persons, with two packs from which
(3Iach.) Wheelwork in whicli one wheel
drives another moving in a different plane.
n. A
wheel,
wheel having teeth set at an angle greater or
—
certain small cards have been removed. [F.] less than half a right angle.
Besot, be-sot', v. t. To make sottish bv drink; to Beverage, bev'gr-ej, n. Drink liquor for drinking.
—
make dull or stupid. Besot 'tedly, ack'. Besof- — Bevy, bev^i:, n. A
;

flock of birds; a company an as- ;

tedness, n. State of being besotted infatuation. ; sembly of persons, esp. ladies.

Besought. See Beseech. Bewail, be-waK, v. t. [bewailed (-wald'), -wailing.]
Bespatter, De-spat''ter, v. t. [bespattered (-spaf- To express sorrow for, as by wailing; to mourn, la-
terd), -tekixg.] To soil by spattering; to sprinkle ment. —V. i. To express grief.
with water or dirt; to asperse with calumny. Beware, be-war', v. i. To restrain or guard one's
Bespeak, be-spek', v, t. [imp. bespoke ;:>. ^i. bespoke ; self; to be cautious, take care.
or BESPOKEN'; bespeaking.] To speak for, or en- Bewilder, be-wil'der, v. t. [bewildered (-wiKderd),
gage, beforehand; to indicate or show beforehand; -dering.] To lead into perplexity to perplex, ;

to speak to, address; to betoken, show. entangle, confuse, confound, puzzle. Bewil'der- —
Bessemer steel, bes''se-mer stel. Steel made directly ingly, adv. —
Bewilderment, n. State of being, etc.
from cast-iron, by a process invented by Sir Henry Bewitch, be-wich', v. t. [bewitched (-wichf),
Bes'^emer. -WITCHING.] To gain an ascendency over by clmrms;
Best, best, a. (superl. of Good.) Having excellence in to affect by witchcraft or sorcerj^; to fascinate.
the highest degree; most good; most advanced; most Bewray, be-ra', v. t. [bewrayed (-rad'), -wrayixg.]
correct or complete. n. —
Utmost ; highest en- To disclose perfidiously, betray.
deavor. —
adv. (siiperl. of Well.) In the highest Bey, ba, n. A governor of a Turlcish town or district;
degree; beyond all other; to the most advantage; in some places, a prince; — same as Beg.
with the most success, ease, propriety, etc. most ; Beyond, be-yond', prep. On the further side of; before,
particularly; most correctly. in place or time; further than; past; above, in dig-
Bestow, be-sto', v. t. [bestowed (-stod'), bestowing.] nity, excellence, etc. —
adv. At a distance; j'onder.
To lay up in store; deposit for safe-keeping; to Bezant. See Byzant.
make use of, apply: Bezel, bez'el, n. The part of a ring encompassing and
to give, confer, or impart.^
Bestow'al, Act of, etc.; disposal.
n. Bestow'er, —
fastening the stone. [F.]
>i. — Bestow^ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which is be- Bezique. See Besique.
stowed; donation. Bias, bi'as, n. A weight on the side of a bowl which
Bestride, be-strTd', v. t. [imp. bestrid or -strode; turns it from a straight line; a leaning of the mind;
p. p. -.strid o/- -stridden -striding.] ; To stride propensity towards an object: bent: prejudice; in-
over: to stand or sit with anything between the legs, clination; a wedge-shaped piece taken out of a gar-
or with the legs extended across. ment to diminish its circumference. — adv. In a
Bet, n. That whicli is staked, or pledged, in a con- slanting manner; crosswise; diagonally. v. t. [bi- —
test: a wager, — v. t. To stake, or pledge upon the ased (bi-'ast), -asing.] To incline to one side; to
event of a contest; to wager. give a particular direction to, prejudice, prepossess.
Betake_, be-tak', v. t. [imp. betook; p. p. betaken Biaxal, bi-aks'al, Biax'ial, -1-al, a. {Opt.) Having
(be-tak'n); betaking.] To have recourse to; to two axes.
apply: to resort. Bib, n. A cloth worn by children over the breast. —
Bethel, beth^el. n. A chapel for dissenters in Eng., and Bibacious, bi-ba'shus, a. Addicted to drinking. —
tor seamen in the U. S. Bibacity, -bas'T-tT, n. Love of, etc. —
Bib^ber, n.
Bethink, [-thought (-thawf), -think-
be-tliink''. v. t. One addicted, etc.; a tippler. Bib'ulous, -u-lus, a.
ing.] To call to mind, recall, recollect, reflect. Absorbincr moisture; spongjs porous.
Betide, be-tid', v. t. [imp. betid or betided p. p. ; Bibasic, bi-ba'sik, a. (Ckem.) Capable of combining
betid betiding.] To happen to, befall, come to. with two parts or equivalents of a base; or contain-
— V. i.
;

To come to pass, happen. ing two equivalents of a base to one of acid.

Betime, be-tim', -times, -timz'', adv. In good time Bible, bi'bl, ji. The Book; the volume containing
seasonably; in a short time soon.
;

the Scriptures. —
Biblical, bib^lT-kal, a. Pert, to
—
;

Betoken, be-to'kn, v. t. [betokened (-tok-'nd), the Bible. —Bib'lically, adv. Bib'licist, -iT-sist,
-enixg.] To signify by some visible object; to fore- Bib'list, n. One who makes the Scriptures the sole
show by present signs, presage, portend, note. rule of faith; a Biblical scholar.
Betray, be-tra', v. t. [betrayed (-trad'), -traying.] Bibliographer, bib-lT-og^ra-fer, n. One versed in
To give up treacherously; to violate the confidence bibliography. —
BibUog'raphy, -ra-f 1, w. descrip- A
of to disclose or discover to mislead; to fail in re- tion of books and manuscripts. —
Bibliograph'ic,
;

spect to reliance placed in or upon.

;

Betray'al, n. — -ical, a. Pert, to bibliography. —

Bibliograph'ically.
—
Act of, etc. Betray'er, n. One who, etc. a traitor. adv. —Bibliol'ogy, n. A
treatise on books; biblical
Betroth, be-troth', v. t. To contract to any one; to af-
;

literature. —Bib'lioma'nia, -ma'nT-a, n. rage for A

fiance; to contract with for a future spouse; to es- possessing curious books. —
Bib'liopbile, -fll, n. One
pouse; to nominate to a bishopric, in order to con- who loves books.
sQn, cube, fyll ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboir, «hair, get.
 BICAPSULAR 36 BIRCH
Bicapsular, bi-kap'su-ler, a. (Bot.) Having two seed Billet, bil'let. n. A
small stick of wood.
capsules to each flower._ Billiard, biKyard, a. Pert, to the game of billiards.
Bicarbonate, bi-kar'bo-nat, 7?. (Chevi.) A carbonate — Bil'^liards, -yardz, n. pi. A
game played with balls,
having 2 equivalents of carbonic acid to 1 of base. on a rectangular table.
Bice, Bise, bis, ?i. (Paint.) A pale blue color, prepared Billingsgate, Dil'lingz-gat, n. Foul or profane lan-
from blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt. guage; ribaldry.
Biceps, bi'seps, n. (Anat.) A
muscle having two Billion, biKyun, n. According to French numeration,
origins. a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000 according to ;

Bicker, bik'er, w. ?. [bickered (-erd), -being.] To the English method, a million of millions, or 1,000.-
skirmish; to contend in v^ords or petulant alterca- 000,000,000.
tion; to quarrel, wrangle; to move quickly; to be Billow, biKlo, n. A
great wave or surge of the sea.
tremulous, like flame or water; to quiver. Billy, biKlY, n. A
watchman's club.
Bicolor, bi-kuKer, -ored, -erd,_a. Of two colors. Bilobed, bi'lobd, -lobate, -lo'bat, a. (Bot.) Divided
Bicuspid, bi-kus^pid, -pidate, -at, a. Having two points. into two lobes.
Bicycle, bi'sT-kl, n. A two-wheeled velocipede. Bimanous, bi-ma'nus, a. (Zool.) Having two hands.
Bid, V. t. [imp. BID or bade (bad); p. p. bid or bid- Bimensal, bi-men'sal, -mestrial, -mes'trT-al, -monthly,
den; BIDDING.] To ofter; esp. to ofter to pay; to -munth^lt, a. Occurring once in two months.
declare, as a wish, greeting, defiance, etc.; to order, Bimetalism, bi-mefal-izm, n. The use as legal ten-
—
command, invite. n. An offer of a price, esp. at der of coins of two metals at a fixed relative value.
auctions. —
Bimetal'lic, a. —
Bimet'allist, n. One who advo-
Bide, bid, v. i. To dwell permanently; to inhabit. cates, etc.
— V. t. To endure, suffer, wait for. Bin, n. A
box or inclosed place, used as a repository.
Biennial, bi-en'nT-al, a. Continuing for two years, Binary, bi'na-rT, a. Compounded of two; double.
and then perishing; occurring once in two years. Binary arithmetic. That in which two figures only,
n. (Bot.) A plant that lasts for two years, and then Oand],are used, in lieu of ten. —Binary compounds.
perishes. — Bien'mally, adv. Once in, or at the re- (Ckem.) A
compound of two elements. Bi'^nate, —
turn of, two years. -nat, a. (Bot.) Double or in couples growing in
Bier, ber, ii. A frame for conveying the dead to the pairs.
;

grave. Bind, bind, r. t. [imp. bound (bownd); p.p. bound,

Bifurcate, bi-fgr^kat, -cated, -ka-ted, a. Forked; di- formerly bounden binding.] To tie together or
vided into two branches. — Btfurca'^tion, n. A fork-
;

confine with cord, bands, etc. to restrain or hold to ; ;

ing.— Bifurcous, -fer-'kus, a. (Bot.) Two-forked. protect or strengthen by a band, or cover; to place
Big, a. Having largeness of size, bulk, etc. great ; under legal obligation to serve. v. i. To contract; —
with young; pregnant; full of something porten- to grow hard or stiff to be restrained from mo-
tous; proud; arrogant. tion; to be obligatory. n. —;

A
stalk of hops, which
Bigamy, big'a-mt, n. (Law.) The crime of having winds round a pole or tree. Bind'er, n. One who, —
—
two wives or husbands at once. Big'amist, n. One etc., esp. who binds books; anything that binds; a
guilty of, etc. bandage. —
Bind'^ery, -er-T, n. place where books, A
Biggin, big'gin, w. A child's cap or hood. A piggin, etc., are bound. —
Bind'ing, a. Having power to
or small wooden vessel; a contrivance for holding bind or oblige; obligatory. —
n. Act of fastening
coffee-grounds (a bag or perforated metallic vessel) with a band; anything that binds, as a bandage, the
through which boiling water is poured. cover of a book, or something to secure the edge of
Bight, bit, n. ( Geog^ A bend in the sea-coast forming cloth from raveling.
a bay. (N'aut.) The double part of a folded rope; Binnacle, bin 'na-kl, M. (yaut.) A box containing a
a round, bend, or coil anywhere except at the ends. ship's compass and a light to -show it at
Bigot, big''ot, n. One unreasonably wedded to some night.
relirfous creed, practice, ritual, etc.: a devotee.— Binocle, bin'o-kl, n. A
telescope fitted with
Big'otry, -rT, n. Perverse or blind attachment to, —
two tubes joining. Binoc'ular, -u-ler, a.
etc.; the practice or tenet of a bigot. Having two eyes; with, or pert, to both
Bilateral, bi-lafer-al, a. Having two sides; pert, to eyes; adapted to the use of, etc. Binoc'- —
the two sides of a central orsran or axis.
,

uiate, -lat, a. Having two eyes. i® 1

Bilberry, bil'ber-rT, n. A shrub of the whortleberry Binomial, bi-no'ml-al, n. (Alg.) An ex- f
family, and its fruit. ression consisting of 2 terms connected \j
Bile, bfl, n. A yellow, greenish, bitter, viscid fluid Ily the signn pli plus or minus; as a -I- 6, or 7 ^ —
secreted by the liver; ill-humor. —Biliary, biKya-rT, S. —
a. Consisting of 2 terms; pert, to bi- Binnacle,
a. {Med.) Pert, to, or conveying, etc. — Bil'ious, nomials.
•yus, a. Pert, to, or disordered in, the bile; having Biograph, bi''o-graf, n. A
device for reproducing
an excess of bile. upon a screen a moving scene.
Bile. See Boii., n. Biography, bi-og'ra-fT, n. History of the life of a
Bilge, bilj, n. The protuberant partof a cask. (Naiit.) person; biographical writings in general. Biog'- —
The broadest partof a ship's bottom, —v. t. [bilged rapher, -ra-fer, n. One who writes, etc Biograph'- —
(biljd), bilging.] (Kaut.) To suffer fracture in ic, -ical, -grafik-al, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.
the bilge: to spring a leak. —
Biograph''ically, adv.
Bilingual, bi-lin'gwal, -guar, -gwar, a. Containing Biology, bi-oKo-jT, n. The science of life and living
two languages. — Bilin'guous, -gwus, a. Having things, animal'and vegetable.
two tongues, or speaking two languages. Biophagous, bi-ofa-gus, a. Consuming living creat-
Bilk, bilk, u. f. [bilked (bilkt), BILKING.] Todisap- ures, —
said of insectivorous plants.
point, deceive, or defraud, by non-fulfillment of Biparous, bi-pa'rus or bip'a-rus, a. Bringing forth
engagement. two at a birth.
Bill, bil, n. The beak of a fowl; note of a bird. —
?;. Bipartible, bi-par'tT-bl, -tile, -til, a. Capable of being
t. To join bills, as doves; to caress. divided into two parts. —
Bipartite, bi-par'tlt or
Bill, bil, n. A hook-shaped cuttina: instrument an : bip''ar-tit, a. Having two correspondent parts, as a
ancient battle-ax; a pickax, or mattock. (JVaut.) contract, one for each part}'; divided into two parts,
The point of the fluke of an anchor. as a leaf. —
Biparti''tion. n. Act of dividing; etc.
Bill, bil, n. (Law.) A written declaration of wrong Biped, bi'ped, n. An animal having two feet.
suffered, or fault committed an obligation given Bipennate, hi-pen'nat, -nated, a. Having two wings.
;

for money; a promissory note; a proposed law. An Bipetalous, bi-pef'al-us, a. (Bot.) Havmg 2 petals or
advertisement posted publicly; an accnuntof goods flower-leaves.
sold or services rendered, with price annexed any Eiplicate, bi-pli'kat, a. Twice folded together.
;

paper containing a statement of particulars. Biquadrate, bi-kwod''rat, -rat'ic, H. (Math.) The 4th
Billet, biKlet, n. A note in writintr. or short letter; a power, arising from the multiplication of a square
ticket from a public officer directing soldiers where number or quantity by itself.
tolodge. — V. t. (Mil.) To direct, by ticket, where Birch, berch, ii. A forest tree of several species; a rod
to lodge; to quarter, as soldiers in private houses, of birch. —Birch. Birchen, berch'n, a. Consisting
— Billet-dous, bil'le-doo', n. A love letter. of, or pert, to, etc.

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6ud, eve, term ; In, Ice ; fidd, tone, 8r
 BIRD 37 BLACK
M*i, b5rd, n. A
two-legged, featliered, flying animal. bitz, n. 2^1- A frame of timbers to hold a ship's ca-
— V. i. To
catch or shoot birds. Bird's'-eye, a. — bles.
Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; general; not Bittacle, bit'ta-kl. n. The box for the compass on
in detail. —
Bird'8''nest,'rt. The nest in which a bird board a ship. [See Binnacle.]
lays eggs. —
r. L To hunt for birds' nests. Bitter, bit'ter, o. Having a peculiar, acrid, biting
Birth, berth, n. Act of coming into life, or being taste ; causing pain, smart, or distress ; character-
born; lineage; extraction; natural state or position; ized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty; mourntul;
act of bringing forth; that which is produced, ani- distressing: pitiable. Bit^terish. «. Somewhat bit-
mal or vegetable origin beginning. ; yeiv birth.
; — ter. —
Bit'terishness, 7i. —
Bit'terly, adv. Bit'ter- —
(Theol.) Regeneration, or the commencement of a ness, ?(. —
Bit'tern, -tern, n. The brine remaining
religious life. —
Birth'day, n. The day in which in salt works alter the salt is concreted; avery bitter
one is born its anniversary.
; mark', w. Some compound of quassia, eocculus indicus, etc. Bit'- —
mark or blemish on the body at birth. place, «. ters, -terz, n. pi. Liquor, generally spirituous, in
Tlie place where one is born place of origin. ; which bitter herbs or roots have Seen steeped.—
-right, -rit, n. Any right or privilege to which a Bit'ter-spar, -spar, n. A
mineral consisting of car-
person is entitled bv birth. bonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia, the —
Biscuit, bis''kit, n. iJnleavened bread baked hard; a soluble salts of the magnesia being l)itter. Bit'- —
small loaf of leavened and shortened bread; a thin, ter-sweet, n. {Bot.) A climbing plant, whose root,
crisp cake or cracker earthen ware after its first when chewed, produces a bitter, then a sweet taste.
baking, before glazirig.
;

— Bifterwort, -wert, H. {Bot.) Yellow gentian.

Bisect, bi-sekf, v. t. To cut into two parts. (Geom.) Bittern, biftern, n. A
wading bird of Europe, re-
To divide into two equal parts. Bisection, -sek'- — lated to the heronr-
shun, 71. Act of, etc.— Biseg-'ment, ;;. One part of Bitumen, bi-tu'men, n. Mineral pitch, a substance
a line, or other magnitude, divided into two equal smelling like pitch and burning with a bright flame,
parts. without residue. [L.] —
Bitu'minate, v.t. To im-
Bisexual, bi-seks''u-al, a. {Bot.) Of both sexes. pregnate with, etc. —
Bitu'rainize, -niz, v. t. [bitu-
Biserial. bi-se'rl-al, a. Arranged in a double series. MixiZED (-nizd), -NiziNG.] To form into or impreg-
Bishop, l)ish'up, »,. An overseer; a spiritual sujierin- nate with, etc. —
Bitu'minouB, -uus, a. Having the
tendent: in Episcopal usage, the highest of the 'i or- qualities of, compounded with, or containing, etc.
ders of the Christian ministry; a piece in' the game Bivalve, bi'valv, n. (Zobl.) A
moUusk having a shell
of chess. —
Bish'opric, n. A diocese; district over in two parts. (Bnt.) A
pericarp
which a bishop has Jurisdiction; office of, etc. in which the seed-case opens or
Bismuth, biz'muth, n. A
reddish-white metal, harder splits into two parts. —
Bi'valve,
than lead, and brittle. -valved. -valvd, -valvous, -valv'-
Bison, bi'son or bi''sn, n. A quadruped of North us. -valv'ular, -u-ler, a.
America, popularly, but in- Bivouac, biVwak, n. {Ml.) The
correctly, called tlie buifalo. guard or watch of a whole army;
Bisque, Bisk, bisk, n. A soup an encampment without tents.
made of crayfish, or by boil- V. t. [BIVOUACKEU ( - w a k t ),
ing together several kinds of -VVACKIXG.] To be on guard; to
flesh. [F.] encamp without covering.
Bissextile, bis-seks/'til, n. Biweekly, bi^wek^ll, a. Occurring
Leap year; every 4th year, in once in every two weeks.
which a day is added in the Bizarre, be-zar', a. Odd; fantasti- Bivalve.
month of February.— «. Pert, cal; whimsical.
to, etc. American Bison. Blab, blab, v. t. [blabbed Cblabd), blabbing.] To
Bister, Bistre, bis'ter, n. A dark-brown p! 'ment ex- tell unnecessarily, or indiscreetly. i'. i. To talk —
traded from wood-.soot. thoughtlessly; to tattle. —
m. One who blabs; a
Bistort, bis''t6rtj_«. A
plant, called also snake-weed. babbler.
Bistoury, bis'too-rT, n. A
surgical instrument tor Black, blak, a. Destitute of light, or incapable of re-
miking incisions. flecting it; very dark or gloomy; dismal or forbid-
Bisulcate, bi-sUKkat, a. Two-furrowed. {Zo'61.) ding; destitute of moral light or goodness. w. The —
Cloven-footed. Bisul''cous, -kus, a. Cloven-footed, darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color;
as swine or oxen. _ a negro; a black dress, or mourning. v. t. [blacked
Bisulphate, bi-suKfat, w. (Cfiem.) A sulphate having (blakt), blacking.] To make black; to blacken. —
two equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base. Blacken, blak'n, u. t. [blackened (-nd), -ening.]
— Bisul'phuret, -f u-ret, )i. {Chein.) sulphuret A To make black or dark; to sully, defame, make in-
with two atoms of sulphur, as the electro-negative famous. —v. i. To grow blact or dark. Black'- —
ingredient. ing, n. A preparation for blacking shoes, etc.—
Bit. See under BrxE. Black'^ish. a. Somewhat black. "Black'ly, adv.—
Bitch, bich, n. The female of the canine kind, as of Darkly; gloomily; atrociously. Black'^ness, n. — —
the dog, wolf, and fox a name of reproach for a ; Black art. Conjuration; magic. amoor, v. A
woman. negro. ball, n. A composition for blacking shoes,
Bite, bit, V. t. [BIT or bittev (bit'tn), bttixg.] To etc.; a ball of black color, used as a negative in
cut, crush, or seize with the teeth to cause sharp
pain or smarting to; to cheat, trick; to take hold of,
; voting. —?;. «. [-balled (-bawld), -balling.] To
reject by putting black balls into a ballot-box.
adhere to. —
y. i. To seize or wound with the teeth -band, n. A valuable iron ore, containing enough
or mouth; to cause hurt, pain, or injury. n. Act — coaly matter for its own calcination. berry, -ber-
of biting; the wound made by the teeth; a morsel; rl, w. A species of bramble; its edible fruit. bird,
mouthful; the hold or purchase of a tool; a cheat; n. In Eng. a species of thrush in Amer. the name is
:

trick; sharper. -Bi'ter, /?. One who, or that which, given to different birds. board, 11. A board used
hites. —
Bi'ting, a. Sharp severe ; sarcastic ; ; to write or draw on with chalk. book, n. A book
caustic— Bi''tingly, ar/d.— Bi'ting-in, w. (Etching.) for registering misdemeanors a book on necro-
;

Process of corroding metallic phites, by means of mancy. browed, -browd, a. Threatening; dis-
acid. —Bit, bTt, n. A
mouthful morsel bite ; ; ; mal. cattle, -kaftl, M. Cattle reared for slaugh-
hence, a small piece of anything; a small coin iu ter, of whatever color. [Eng.] A breed of Dutch
several countries small in- cattle of a blaqk color. —. -cock, n. The heath-
strument for boring. The
;

— cock; black grouse; black game. currant, n. A

mouth-piece of a bridle, to drop, n. {Med.) A liquid prep-
which the
— V. t.
reins are fastened.
To put a bit in the
garden fruit.
aration of opiumin vinegar.
off New England, the tautog
—
fish, n. iish caught
a small kind of
A
mouth of. —
Bif-stock, n. A whale. flux, n. A compound used to assist in
;

brace or handle, to hold the Carpenter's bits. melting metals. friar, m. A

friar of the Domin-
bit in boring, ican order. guard, blog^gard, n. Orig. the lower
Bitt, bTt, V. t.'XN'aut.) To put round the bitts.— Bitts, menials of a court; hence a scurrilous person of loW
sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 BLADDER 38 BLIND
character. — v.t. To revile in scurrilous language. Blas^, bla-za', a. Surfeited; incapable of further en-
[Orio-. the guard of tlic devil; thence, a fit attendant joyment. [F.]
on the devil.] Conduct or language Blaspheme, •blas-fem', v. t. [blasphemed (-femd'),
guardism, ?i. :

of a blackguard. hole, n. A dark dungeon for -I'UEMING.] To speak reproachfully or impiously

refractory prisoners. — -jack, n. A' mineral ore, of; to utter abuse or calumny against. v. i. To —
false galena, which is the sulphuret of zinc, or zinc utter blasphemy. — Blas'phemous, -fe-mus, a. Con-
blende; a species of oak, called also barren oak; a taining blasphemy impiouslv irreverent or re- ;

small, heavy bludgeon. lead, -led, w. A mineral proachful toward God. — Blas'phemy, n. An indig-
composed of carbon plumbago graphite. [From nity offered to God by reproachful, contemptuous,
;

its color and its markinjr paper like lead.] -leg, n.

;

or irreverent words. ^
A gambler and cheat; a disease of sheep and A destructive or pernicious wind;
— calves.
letter, n. The old English or modern Gothic let-
ter, used in early manuscripts and the first printed
Blast, blast, n.
a forcible streanf of air from an orifice exhaust
steam from an engine, or the draught through the
;

books. — a. Written or printed in black-letter; stu- Are produced thereby; the sound made by blowing
dious of old books. mail, n. A rate of money, a wind instrument; the rending of rocks, etc., by
cattle, etc., anciently paid to robbers for exemption explosives, or the charge used for tliis purpose; a
from pillage extortion of money by threats.
;
— blight; a flatulent disease of sheep. — v.t. To in-
-martin, n. A bird of the swallow family. pud- jure, as by a noxious wind; to blight; to affect with
diag, -pud'^ding, n. A kind of sausage made of sudden violence; to confound, or strike with force,
blood, suet, etc. rod, n. The usher of the order by a loud blast; to split, as by explo.sion.
of the Garter, who carries a black rod. [Eng.] — Blatant, bla'tant, a. Bellowing, as a calf; noisy.
-rust, n. A
disease of ^\'heat. smith, n. A Blather, blatli''er, «. Foolish chatter.
— r. i. —
To talk
smith who works in iron. snake, n. ser- A idly. Blath'erskite, -skit, n. An obtrusive bab-
pent of a black color two species are found in
: bler, or his talk. —
Blatter, blat'ter, v. i. To patter;
America. —
-strap, n. mixture of spirituousA to make a senseless noise; to rail.
liquor and molasses. tail, n. kind of perch. A Blaze, blaz, n. The stream of light and heat from a
thorn, M. A
spiny plant bearing a small black burning body; flame; light, as from flame; a white
fruit, used for hedges the sloe. vomit, n.
; A spot on a horse's face; a spot made on a tree by
vomiting of dark-colored matter: or the substance chipping off bark. v. i. —
[blazed (blazd), bla-
so discliarged, a symptom in yellow fever. wal- zing.] To shine with flame; to send forth bright
nut. An American tree having dark-colored wood. light; to be conspicuous. —
v. t. To mark, as by chip-
Bladder, blad'der, «. {Anat.) bag or sac in animals, A ping a tree.
containing some secreted fluid; the air bag in fish. Blaze, blaz, v. t. To publish far and wide, proclaim.
Blade, blad, n. The leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of a — Blazon, bla''zn, v. t. [blazoned (bla'znd), -zon-
plant, esp. of gramineous plants; the cutting part of ing.] To display, exhibit conspicuously, embellish,
an instrument; broad part of an oar. (Anat.) The adorn; to explain in proper terms, as the figures on
scapula. A
sharp-witted, dashing fellow; a rake. armorial ensigns. —
n. Art of drawing, or "explain-
v.t. To furnish with a blade. v. i. To have, etc. — ing coats of arms; the representation on coats of
Blain, blan, n. An inflanunatory swelling or sore; arms; ostentatious display; publication.
a pustule; blister. Bleaberry, ble'ber-rf, n. A plant having leaves like
Blame, blixm, r. t. [blamed (blamd), blamixg.] To box, and purple berries.
censure, find fault with. n. —
Expression of disap- Bleach, blech, v. t. [bleached (blecht), bleaching.]
probation that which deserves censure fault; ; To make white, or whiter, by removing the original
—
;

wrong-doing. —
Blam'able, -a-bl, n. Deserving of color; to blanch. v.i. To grow white.
censtire; culpable; reprehensible. Blam''ableness, Bleak, blek, a. Orig., without color; pale; hence, des-
w.— Blam'ably, nc/i'.— Blame^ful, a. Meriting iDlame. olate and exposed"; cold cheerless. ; n. The blay, —
— Blame''less, a. Witliout fault; innocent: irre- a small, white, river fish.
proachable. —Blame'lessly, ac!i\— Blame'lessness, Blear, bier, a. Dim, or sore with rheum, applied to —
n. — Blam'^er, 7i. One who, etc. — Blame'wor'thy, the_eyes; causing dimness of sight. —
v. t. [ble.\red
-wer'tliT, a. Same as blaniable. — Blame'wor'thi- (blerd), uleaking.] To affect with soreness of
ness, n. eyes, or a watery humor; to make dim.
Blanch, Blanc-mange. See under Blank. Bleat, blet, v. i. To cry as a sheep. —
n. The noise of,
Bland, bland, a. Pleasing by soothing qualities; mild; etc.
gentle courteous.
; —
Blanda'tion, n. Gross flattery. Bleed, bled, v. i. [bled (bled), bleeding.] To lose
— BlandiKoquence, n. Fair, nnld, flattering speech. blood; to die by slaughter; to. drop, as blood, from
— Bland'ish, r. «. [blaxdished (-isht), -ishing.] To an incision; to lose sap, gu:n, or juice; to pay or
flatter by kind words or affectionate actions to ; lose —
money. v. t. To take blood from by opening
soften, caress. v. i. To act or speak affection- a vein; to'draw money from.
ately. —
Bland'isher, n. —
Bland'ishment, n. Words Blemish, blem^ish, v. t. [blemished (-isht), -ishing.]
or actions of affection; artful caresses. To mark with deformity; to mar, or make defec-
Blank, blank, a. Of a white or pale color; pale from tive; to tarnish; defame. h. —
mark of deform-A
fear; dispirited; lacking something; empty; with- ity; spot; flaw; taint; imputation.
out mixture with anything else; pure. n. Avoid Blench, blench, v. i. [blenched (blencht), blench-
space; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize; ing.] To shrink; to start back, from lack of cour-
a paper unwritten; a blank ballot; a document, age or resolution; to flinch. v. t. —
To baffle, dis-
with vncant spaces left to be filled with names, date, concert, break.
etc. The white spot of a target at which ainr is Blend, blend, v. t. [blended or blent, blending.]
taken. {Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be —
To mix together. v. i. To be mixed; to be united.
made into something by a further operation. — Blende, blend, n. An ore of zinc, consisting of zinc
Blank'ly, ndr. With p'aleness; confusedly vacantly. and sulphur.
—
;

Blank'ness, 71. —
Blanch, blanch, i-. t. [blanched Bless, bles, v. t. [blessed (blest) or blest, blessing.]
(blancht), blanching.] To take out the color and To make happy; to invoke a blessing upon. (Bib.) To
make white; to wliiten; to make white by stripping praise, or glorify, for benefits. —Bless'ed, a. Enjoy-
off the peel; to give a favorable appearance. — v. i. ing happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; im-
To grow or become white. —Blanc-mange, blaN^- parting happiness; hallowed by associations; heav-
maNzh', -manger, -maN'zha, n. A preparation of enljf. —Bless'edness, n. State of being blessed; be-
dissolved isinglass or sea-moss, milk, sugar, etc., atitude; felicity; heavenly joys.
boiled till thick. Blew. See Blow.
Blanket, blink'et, w. A loosely woven woolen cover, Blight, blit, n. Mildew; decay; what frustrates plans
to protect from cold; a kind of pear. v. t. To — or withers hopes a species of plant-louse, destruc-
cover with a blanket. tive to fruit trees.
;

—
v. t. To affect with blight to
Blare, blar, ?•. I. To sound loudly; to roar. n. Noise; — blast, frustrate.
;

loud sound. Blind, blind, a. Destitute of the sense of seeing; un-

Blarney, blar^'nT, w. Smooth, deceitful talk flattery. able to discern, understand, or judge; morally de-
— V. t. To deceive or flatter by smooth talk.
;

praved indiscernible; hidden; unseen.

;
r. t. To —
am, fame, far, pass o?- opera, fSre ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — — —

BLINK 39 BLOWZE
deprive of
ceive. — n.
siorht or discernment; to obscure; to de-
Something to hinder sight or keep out
J
Arab
71. A
stock. —hot, a. As warm as blood. hound,
ferocious variety of dog, of acute smell, em-
—
light; a screen; something to mislead the eye or un- ployed to track men
or animals. let'ter, «. One
derstanding.— Blind'fold, a. Having the eyes cov- who lets blood, as in diseases a phlebotomist. —
ered; undibcerniiig. — To cover the eyes of; to
;

-let'ting, n. (Med.) Act of letting blood by opening

buff', n.
v. t.
hinder from seeing. — Blind'ly, adv. — Blind''-inaii'8-
A plav in which a blind-folded person
a vein ; venesection. —
money, -mun'l, «'. .Sloney
paid to the next of kin to one killed by another, or
hunts others. —
6lind'ness,n.—Bliiid''-8ide, u. Side to one instrumental in cawsiiig another's death. —
on which one is most easily assailed; foible. Blind''- — -rela'tion, »(. One connected by blood or descent. —
worm, -werm, h. A small reptile, like a snake, whose -root, n. A plant, named froni the color of its root;
eyes are nearly imperceptible; the slow-worm. bloodwort. The shedding of blood ;
Blink, blink, r. i. To wink; to see with eyes half shut;
to glimmer. v. i. —
To shut out of sight, avoid or n.
shed, /(.
slaughter; w-asteof life.
The crime of, etc.
—
—
shed'der, n. shed^ding,
shot. -shoVten, a. Red
—
—
A glimpse or glance. (.Vaw^)
J

and inflamed by a turgid state of the blood-vessels,

evade, conceal. n.
Dazzling whiteness about the horizon reflected from
fields of ice at sea.
!
I

as in diseases of the eye. —

spav^in, ?(. (Far.)
dilatation of the vein 'inside the hock of a horse,
A
Bliss, blis, 11. Tlie highest degree of happiness; felici-
ty; joy. —
Bliss'fnl, a. Full of, etc. —Blithe, blTtiie,
;

i forming a soft swelling. —

stone, n. (3Iin.)
silicious stone sprinkled with red jasper; hematite,
green A
— —
t

a. Gay sprightly.
: Blithe'ly, fK/c. Blithe'ness, a brown ore of iron. snek'er, n. An animal that
n. — Blithe 'some," o. Blithe. —
Blithe-'someixess, n. sucks blood; esp. the leech. —-thirst'y. ti. Desir-
BUster, blis'ter. n. A thin watery bladder on the •
ous to shed blood, -Huirderous. thirsViness, ?i. —
skin a tumor made by a separation of the tilm or
; -Tes'sel, 71. A vessel in which blood circulates; an
i

skin, as on plants, or by swelling of the substance warm, a. Warm as blood; luke-

at the surface, as on steel; a vesicatory; a piaster'
applied to raise a blister. —
c. t. [blistered (-terd),
artery or a vein.
warm.
color.
1

wood, n. Logwood,— so called from its

Blood'y flux. Dysentery.
—
—
mind'ed, a.
-TERIXG.] To raise blisters upon; to give pain to, Having a cruel, ferocious disposition. sweat,
as if by a blister. r. i. —
To rise in blisters. -swet, )}. The sweating sickness, in which a dis-
Blithe, etc. See under Bliss. charge of_blood accompanies a profuse perspiration.
Blizzard, bliz'zerd, n. A
sudden, violent snowstorm, Bloom, bloom, n. A mass of crude iron from the
with high wind and extreme cold. puddling furnace, undergoing the first hammering.
Bloat, blot, V. t. To cause to swell or become turgid; —
Blom'ary, -ery, bloom'er-i, n. The first forge
to puff up, make vain; to smoke, as a herring. v. —
through which iron passes after it is melted from
i. To grow turgid, as by affusion of liquid in the the ore. BIoom''ing, n. Process of making blooms, —
cellular membrane; to puff out; to swell. Bloat'- —
or of converting cast into malleable iron.
er, n. A small fish, usually a herring, partially dried Bloom, bloom, n. A blossom the flower of a plant; ;

or smoked. the opening of flowers an opening to higher per- ;

Blobber-Up, blob^ber-lip, n. A thick lip. fection, like that of buds into blossoms powdery ;

Block, bloK, n. A
solid mass of w^ood, stone, etc.; the coating upon newly-gathered fruits. r. i. [bloomed —
mass of wood on which criminals are beheaded; the (bloonid), BLOOMING.] To produce blossoms to ;

mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped a flower; to be in a state of growing youth and vigor;
;

mass or row of buildings; a system of pul- to show beauty and freshness, as "of flowers.
leys arranged in a frame; any obstruction; Bloomer, bloom-'er, n. A man-like costume for
a section of a railroad, having a telegraph- women; a woman who wears it.
ic signal at its end, so that no train can Blossom, blos'sum, 7i. The flower of a plant, or the
enter it until it is reported clear of preced- organs of reproduction, with their appendages.
ing trains, —r. t. [blocked (blokt), BLOCK- V. I. [blossomed (-sumd), -somixg.] To put forth
ING.] To hinder egress or passage from blossoms; to bloom; to flourish and prosper.
or into; to stop, obstruct; to secure or sup- Blot, blot, I', t. To spot or bespatter; to stain with in-
port by means of blocks.
A
A
stupid fellow; a dolt. ——
Block''head, ?;. Block.
house, n. {Mil.)
structure of heavy timber or logs for defense,
famy, disgrace, disfigure to obliterate, expunge,
efface, destroy. n. A spot or stain; blur; an ob-
literation; a spot in reputation; disgrace; blemish.
— ;

loop-holed for musketry. — Blofter, ?i. One who, or that which", blots. (Com.) A
-tin, n. Tin in blocks or in- book for registering current mercantile transactions.
gots. —
Blockade, blok-ad', n. Blot, n. In the game of backgammon, a man left un-
The shutting up of a place covered and liable to be taken up.
by troops or ships, to compel Blotch, bloch, V. t. [blotched (blocht), blotching.]
a surrender from want, with- To blacken; to spot. w. spot on the skin; a pus- — A
out regular attacks. v. t. To — tule or eruption.
shut up by troops or ships, ^^ Blouse, Blowse, blowz, n. loose over-garment; A
etc.; to contine. —
Blockad''er smock-frock.
n. Block-house. Blow, bio, 71. A blossom; a flower; a bed of flowers.
Blomary. See under Bloom. V. i. —
To flower or bloom; to produce, cause to
Blonde, blond, ii. One having fair complexion and blossom.
light hair and e}'es. a. —
Of a fair color or com- Blow, bio, n. Act of striking stroke a sudden or ; ;

plexion; fair. severe calamity.

Blood, blud, n. The fluid in the arteries and veins; rela- Blow, bio, V. i. \imjy. blew p.p. blown; blowing.]
tion by natural descent kindred ; lineage, ; esp. —
To produce a current of air with the mouth; to
;

honorable birth the shedding of blood murder; move, as air; to breathe hard or quick, pant, puff;
;

temper of mind; disposition; excited feeling; pas-

;

to sound on being blown into to bra";. v. t. To ;

—
sion; a man of fire or spirit; juice of anything, drive a current of air upon, or drive by a current
esp. if red. (Stock breeding.) Descent from parents of air; to sound, as a wind instrument; to spread
of recognized breed, —
in horses, descent from Arab by report, publish; to deposit, as eggs by flies; t(i
stock. —
v.t. To let blood from; to bleed; to stain form by inflation; to swell by injecting air to put
— —
;

with blood; to inureto blood, as a hound. Bloodi- out of breath. n. An egg deposited bj' a fly ir
ed, a. Having pure blood; of the best stock.— flesh; the act of depositing it. (JV^avt.) A violent
Blood'y, -t, a. Stained with, 6r containing, blood; wind; a gale. —Blowy, bloM, a. Wind v. Blow'!", —
attended with bloodshed; murderous. 1\ t. To n. One who blows; ;t smelteV. (3Iech.) contriv- A
stain with blood. —
Blood'ily, -'i-\X,adv. Blood''i- —
ance for driving a current of air into something; a
ness, n. State of being, etc.; bloodthirstiness. steam-jet to partially exhaust a chimney and crt -
Blood'less, o. Without blood; dead; without shed- ate a blast-draught. screen of metal to increase, A
ding blood; without spirit. —
Blood'lessly, adi: —
the draught through a fire or in a flue.

shed. ——
Blood'bought, a. Procured at the cost of blood- Blowse. See Blouse.
gTult'y, a. Guilty of murder.
heat, n. Heat equal to the temperature
guilt'i- Blowze, blowz, ?i. A ruddy, fat-faced woman.
Blowzed, blowzd, Blow'zy, a. Coarse, fat, and
—
ness, n.
of blood, —
about 98° Fahr. horse, n. — horse of A
ruddy-faced.

sun, cube, full ; moon, idtt ; oow, oil ; ligger or ink, tiien, boa^boN, chair, get.
 BLUBBER 40 BOGEY
Blabber, blub^bgr, n. The fat of whales, etc., yield- Boar, bor, n. The male of swine not castrated; the
ing oil. —r. ;. [BLl'BBEKED (^-bSrd), -BEEIXG."] To wild hog. —
Boar'ish, o. Swinish; brutal.
weep noisily, or so as to disfigure thu lace. v. t. Board, bord, n. A
piece of timber sawed thin; a table
To swell the face with weeping. to put food upon: food; entertainment, usually —
Blndgeon, bluj^un, n. A
short cudgel with one end as furnished for pay; a council, or any authorized
loaded. assembly or meeting. {Naut.) The deck of a ves-
Blue, blu, n. The color of the clear sky; one of the sel; interior of a vessel; side of a ship; line over
primary colors, (pi-') Low
spirits: "melancholy ; which a ship runs between tack and tack. table A
blue-deN-ils. a. —
Of the color called blv/i ; low in for a game: paper made thick and stiff like a board.
spirits; over-strict in morals. r. t. —
[blued (blud), {pi.) The sta^e in a theater. v.t. —
To lay. spread,
BLL"IXG.] To make blue: to dye of a blufe color; to or cover with boards; to go on board of, or enter; to
—
temper (iron) until it is blue. "Blue'ly, oxlv. With a furnish with food for compensation; to place at
blue color. —
Blue'^neas, n. —
Blu'ish, a. Somewhat board, for compensation. r. i. —
To obtain food
blue. —
Blu'ing, n. Act of rendering blue: something statedly for compensation. —
Board'er, n. One who
to give a blue tint, as indigo. Blue''bell, n. — A takes and paj-s for meals at another's table. {Nau*..)
plant bearing blue bell-shaped flowers. berry, n. One who boards a ship. Board'ing, n. — casing A
A kind of whortleberry. bird, n. small Amer- A —
made of boards. Board/'ing-house, a. house fo A ••

ican bird, resemblin;; t"he English robin. book. n. boarders. school, -skool, m. A school where pu
A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue pils have board and lodging. Board'wa'ges, n. pi —
A An allowance to servants to purchase their own
paper covers. [^Eng.']
ment employ. [Anier.'] —
list of persons in govern-
^bot'tle, n. A plant which '

food.
grows among corn, and has blue bottle-shaped flow-
ers; a fly,
European
with a large blue belly.
bird, —-"devils, -dev'lz, n. pi.
— ^breast, n.
Lowness
A small
of
: Boast, host, r. i. To vaunt one's self; to brag.
To speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation; to mag-
nifj- or exalt one's self. —
v. t.

n. " Expression of ostenta-

spirits hj-pochondria. fish, n. An edible salt tion, etc.; the cause of boasting. Boasfful, -ful, a. — —
;

water ganie fish; a name sometimes applied to the Given to boasting. —

BoasffuUy, -ingly, adi:
dolphin. grass, n. A
valuable pasture-grass, in- Boast_^fulness, n.
digenous to the limestone region of Kentucky. — Boat, bot, ?i. A
small open vessel; any vessel. v.t. —
-gurc tree, ?;. The Eucahiptus rjlobulns. of Austra- To transport in a boat.^?-. i. To go in a boat.
lia yielding a resin resembling kino.
A
light, -lit, n.
composition burning with a blue flame, used as a
— Boat'^-bill, n. Awading-bird of South America, hav-
ing a bill like a boat keel uppermost. book, -hfiOk, —
A
hook on a pole, to pull or push a
firework or a night signal at sea.
A
mass, n. (J/ec/.)
preparation of mercury and conserve of roses,
from which blue pills are made. pe'ter, n. {Brit-
71.
boat. —
(yaut.)
man. u. One who manages a boat. swain,
bo'sn, n. An officer who has charge of a ship's boats,
—
ish ilarine). A
blue flag with a white square in the sails, rigging, etc.
center, used as a signal for sailing.
A
pill, n. {Jied.)
pill of prepared mercurj', used as an aperient, etc.
— Bob, bob, ?'i. Anything that plays loosely, or with
jerks; bait used in angling; the ball of a pendulum
— stock'ing, n.
-stone, -vit'riol. n.
A
literary lady: a female pedant.
{Cfieni.) 'Sulphate of copper,
— or pluml)-line. i-. —
t. [bobbed (bobd), bobbixg.]
To move in a short, jerking manner; to strike with
used as a caustic. a quick, light blow to gain by fraud, delude to
;

Biuff, bluf a. Rude or coarse blustering roughly have the haircut short. r. i. To have a jerking— ;

— n. A
, ; ;

frank; outspoken: steep; bold. bank pre- motion; to angle with a bob, or with jerks of the
senting a precipitous front; a game of cards. 1\ t. — bait.
To frighten or deter; to repel by gruffness. Bluff'- — Bobbin, bob'bin, n. A kind of spool on which thread
ness, n. — Bluff'y, a. Having Bluffs. is —
wound; round tape. Bobbinet, bob-bin-et'' or
Blunder, blun'der, r. i. [bluxdeeed (-derd), -der- bob''bin-et, n. A
kind of lace wrought by machines.
iXG.] To mistake grossly; to err through want of Boblincoln, bob-lin''kun, Bob'olink.w. The rice-bird,
care. — iv t. To confuse, mix together. — n. A ^ross rice-bunting, reed-bird; an American singing-bird.
mistake; error; bull. Blun'derer, n. — Blun'der- — Bob-white, bob'whit'', n. The American partridge or
bead, -hed, n. A stupid fellow. qu.iil, — named_from its note.
Blunderbuss, blun''der-bus, n. short gun, with largeA Bock-beer, bok^ber, 7i. A
strong kind of lager beer.
bore for a number of balls, not requiring exact aim; Bocking. bok'^ing, n. A
kind of baize or drugget.
a stupid, blundering fellow. Bode, bod, v. t. To indicate by signs; to portend,
Blunt, blunt, a. Having a thick edge or point; dull; foreshow. —
)•. i. To foreshow, presage.
dull in understanding; abrupt in address; uncere- Bodice, Boddice, bod'^is, yi. Stays; a corset.
monious. r. t.—To dull the edge or point of to ; Bodkin, bod''kin, n. A
dagger; a pointed instrument
repress or weaken, as appetite, desii-e. etc. for making holes, etc., or lor drawing tape through
Blur, bier, n. That which obscures without effacing; loops.
a stain; blot;_adim, confused appearance. v.t. Body, bod'T, n. The material substance of an animal;
[blurred (blerd), blurrixg.] To obscure without the principal part, in distinction from parts less im-
quite effacing; to cause imperfect vision in; to dim; portant; a person; a collective mass of individuals;
to blemish, disgrace, sully. a corporation a number of particulars taken to- ;

Blurt, blert, r. t." To utter* suddenly or unadvisedly; o;ether; a system; any mass or portion of matter.
to divulge inconsiderately. (Paint.) Consistency': thickness.^ r. t. [bodied
Blush, blush, V. i. [blushed (blusht), blushixg.] To (bod'id), BODYIXG.] 'To produce in definite shape;
have a rosy color; to redden in the face, as from to embody. —Bod'ily, a. Having a body: corpo-
shame, confusion, or modesty. n. rosy tint: a — A
real; pert.'to the body. «c?r. Corisoreally; entirely; —
red color suffusing the face"; sudden appearance ; completely. —Bod'y^lothes, -klotiiz, n. pi. Clothing
glance; view. for the body. color, -kuKer, n. {Paint.) Color
Bluster, blus'ter, )-. i. that has body, or consistence, in distinction fr. a
[BLUSTERED (-terd), -TER- A
IXG.] To blow fitfully
with violence and noise';
tint or wash, —-guard, -gard, n.
the person; life-guard.
political capacity.
guard to protect
^poKitic, n. state in its
snatcher, -snach'er, n. One
— A
to talk noisih', swaggei-. who robs graA'es'of bodies.
— n. Xoise aiid violence; Boeotian, be-o'shan. a. Pert, to Boeotia to its bad :

threatening talk; boister- climate; or to its dull and stupid inhabitants.

ousne ss turbulence
; :
Boer, boor, n. Dutch colonist of South Africa. A
boasting; bullying. Bog, n. quagmire marsh morass. A
r. t. To :
—
A
;

Blus'terer, n. swag- whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire.— Bog'gy, a.

gerer: a bully. Containing bogs; swampy.
Boa, bo'a, n. 'A. genus of _ Bogey, Bogy, bo'gT. Bogle, bo'gl. Boggle, bog'gl, n.
isoa-constnctor.
serpents; a round fur tip- A
hobgoDlin: bugbear: specter; a nursery demon.
pet, shaped like a boa-constrictor. BD'a-constric'- —Bo'gie, Eo^'g'". n. —
small hand-car on railroads; A
tor, -kon-strik'ter, n. A
large serpent of tropical a four-wheeled' track under a locomotive; an iron
America, which crushes its prey in its coils. box to receive slagfrom a puddling furnace. Bog'-
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tOK?, ur
 —— —— —— —

BOGUS 41 BOOMERANG
gle, r. t. [BOGGLED (-gld), BOGGLING.] To hesitate of, —
by giving a bond. Bond'age, n. State of being-
as frightened; to waver, vacillate, shrink.
if under restraint; obligation. (Old Eng. Law.) ViC-
Bogus, bo'gus, a. Spurious counterleit. ; lenage. —
Bonded goods. Goods left in charge of cus-
Bohea, bo-he', n. An inferior kind ot black or green toms officers, — bonds being given for the paj-mcnt
tea black tea in general.
; of duties upon them. ware-'houBe, n. A" place
Bohemian, bo-he''mT-an, a. Pert, to Bohemia or its where bonded goods are stored. — Bond-'maid, n. A
inhabitants, to gypsies, or to hack-writers for the female slave. man, ?«. A man slave. (Old Eng.
press. —
n. A native of Bohemia; a gypsy; a needy Law.) A villain, or tenant in villenage. serv'ant,
v/riter, politician, artist, etc., who lives by hi? wits. n. A slave. serv'ice, /). Slavery. slave, n. One
Boil, boil, V. i. [boiled (boild), boiling.] To be agi- in slavery. stone, /' (Masonri/.) A stone running
tated by the action of heat to bubble, effervesce;
to be hot or fervid; to be excited; to suffer boiling
in liquid.— v. t. To cause to bubble by heat; to
;

—
through the thickness ot a wall to bind it together.
tiin''ber, n. A beani'worked into a wall to tic or
strengthen it longitudinally. — Bondsman, bondz'-
form by boiling; to subject to the action "of heat in man, «.; 7^Z. -MEN. A bondman. (Law.) A surety;
a boiling liquid. —
Boil'er, n. One wlio boils a ; one who gives security for another. wom^an, n. A
vessel in which anything is boiled. (Mvch.) me- A woman slave.
tallic vessel in which steam is generated. Boil'- — Bone, bon, ?i. (Anat.) A
hard whitish substance, com-
ery, n. A
place and apparatus for boiling. Boil''- — posing the skeleton; an integral portion of the skele-
ing, n. Act or state of agitation by heat; ebullition; ton. —
a. Made of bone v. t. —
[boned (bond),
act of subjecting to the action of neat. boning.] To take out bones from; to put whalebone
Boil, boil, n. A
small inflamed tumor, which com- into. —
Bo'ny, -nT, a. Consisting ot, full of, or pert,
—
monly suppurates, formerly written bile. to, bones having large or prominent bones.
;

Boisterous, bois'ter-us, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; Boneset, bon'set, M. A medicinal plant; thoroughwort.

noisy 1^ roaring^— Bois'terousness, n. Bonfire, bon'fir, n. Afire to express public exultation,
Bold, "bold, a. Forward to meet danger exhibiting ; or for amusement.
or requiring spirit and daring; audacious; forward; Bonito. bo-ne'to, n. A fish of the tunny kind.
impudent; taking liberties in expression; markedly Bonmot, boN'mo, n. A witty repartee a jest. [F.]
conspicuous steep or abrupt.
; Bold'ness, n. — Bonne, bon, «. A child's nurse. [F.]
;

Bole, bol, n. The body or stem of a tree. kind of A Bonnet, bon'net, n. A covering for the head.
fine, compact, or earthy clay. Bonny, bon-'nT, a. Handsome gay plump well- ; ; ;

Bolero,_bo-la''ro, n. A
Spanish dance. formed — Bon'nily, adv.
Boll, bol, n. The fiod or capsule of a plant a peri- ; Bonny-clabber, bon^nT-klaVber, n. Sour buttermilk;
carp; a Scotch measure, containing 2, 4, or 6 bush- the thick part of soured milk. [ionable society. I

els. — V. i. To form into a seed-vessel. Bon ton, box toN. The height of the fashion fash-| ;

Bologna sausage, bo-lon-'ya-saw-saj. A sausage of Bonus, bo''nus,M A premium given for a loan,
(Laiv.)
various meats and pork suet. charter, etc. an extra dividend paid out of ac-
;

Bolster, boKster, n. A long pillow or cushion; a pad; cumulated profits a sum paid to an agent, above a.
;

compress. D. t.—[bolstered (-sterd), -sterino.] share in_profits or stated compensation. [L.]

To support with a bolster to hold up, maintain. ; Booby, boo'bT, n. A water-fowl a dunce. ;

Bolt, bolt, n. An arrow; dart; a strong pin, to hold Boodle, boo^'dl, n. Money given in payment for votes
something in place a thunder-bolt ; ; or political influence bribe mone.v. \ Slang.]
;

shackle 28 ells of canvas. — v. t. To

; Book, bd&k, n. A collection of sheets of paper, etc.,
fasten with a bolt, restrain; to blurt out; bound together; a literary composition, written or
to swallow without chewing. v. i. To — printed; a subdivision of a literary work. (Mer.)
start forth like a bolt, move abruptly, A volume in which accounts are kept. ^*?'. t.
spring suddenly aside to desert, as a [booked (b66kt), booking.] To enter, or register
party or organization. adv. With
;

— .

in a book. —
Book''ish, a. Given to reading more ;

sudden meeting or collision ; perpen- acquainted with books than with men. Book'- —
dicularly. bind'er, n. One who binds books. ^bind'ery, n.
Bolt, bolt, V. t. To sift to separate, as-; Aplace for binding, etc. bind'ing, w. Art or
sort, or purify; to examine closely. practice of, etc. case, n. A case with shelves
Bolus, bo'^lus,?!. {Med.) rounded mass ; A for holding books. (Bind.) A book-cover. cov'-
a large pill. er, w. (Bind.) A case for a book; a cover of cloth
Bomb, bum, n. (Mil.) A hollow iron ball Bolt and —
filled with explosives to be discharged
from a mortar. —
Nuts.
Bombard, bum-bard'", A, bolt;
or other material prepared for casing a book.
-keep'er, n. One who keeps accounts.
n. Art of recording mercantile transactions and
keep'ing, —
v.t. To attack with bombs. —Bombard '- B, head; keeping accounts. learned, -lernd, a. Versed in
ment, n. An attack with bombs. C, nut: books; Ignorant of life. leam'ing, n. Learning
Bombast, bnm'bast, n. Orig., cotton or X), check-
soft material used as padding; hence, an
—
nut. edge. —
acquired by reading,— esp. as opp. to practical knowl-
mak'er, n. One who writes and publishes
inflated style; fustian. (^'. High-sound-
ing turgid. — Bombasfic, a. Characterized by,
;

etc.— Bombasfically, adv.

ord of bets. —
books; a compiler; a sporting man who makes a rec-
mak'ing, n. The practice of, etc.; com-
pilation systematized betting.
: mark, n. Some-
Bombazet, -zette, bum'ba-zef, Bom'bazine'', -sine, thing placed in a book by which to find a particular
-sin, -zen', n. A twilled fabric, with silk warp and place. plate, n. A label indicating ownersnip, place
worsted weft. in a library, etc., usually on the inside ot the cover of
Bona fides, bo'nd fi'dez. Good faith; sincerity. a book. post, 71. The post-office arrangement by
Bona fide, -fi'de. In good faith really. [L.]
Bonanza, bo-nan'za, n. A sudden widening in a
vein of silver; a successful venture, esp. in gold
;

—
sells books. —
which books are mailed. sell'er, n. One who
shelf, n. A shelf to hold books.
-shop, -stall, -store, n. A place for selling books.
—
—
or silver mining.
Bonbon, boN-'boN, n.
plum.
Sugar confectionery a sugar- ;
-stand, w. A
stand for selling books in the streets;
book-stall; a support to hold books. worm, n.
worm or mite that eats holes in books one exces-
— ;
A
Bond, bond, n. That which r-i < , < >
r— i
sively addicted to study.
binds, fastens, or con- Tzn -^ttV Boom, boom, n. A spar for extending the bottom of
fines; a binding force or sails; a chain cable or connected line of spars, cross-
influence. (Law.) A ing a river or other water; a pole set up in shallow
writing by which one English Bond. water, to mark out the channel; in business, a strong
binds himself, his heirs, demand for a commodity; an earnest popular in-
executors, etc., to pay a terest in behalf of some measure. v. i. [boomed —
sum. (Arch.) Union or (boomd), booming.) To rush violently, as a ship
tie of stones or bricks in a under press of sail.
wall. —
a. In a state of
— Boom, boom, n. A hollow roar; the cry of the bittern.
servitude or captivity. —; )'. I. To make a hollow sound, roar, or cry.
V. t. To secure payment Flemish Bond. Boomerang, boom-'er-ang, n. missile weapon of A
bQu, cube, full ; moon, fciftt ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 BOON 42 BOW
the natives of Australia, which describes remark- two. — conj., used before the first of two coordinate
able curves, and falls near the thrower. words or phrases, followed by and before the other.
Boon, boon, n. Gift; benefaction; grant; prayer or Bother, both'Sr, v. t. [bothered (-erd), -erixg.] To
petition. a. Gay — jovial kind bountiful. ; tease or perplex. —
n. One who, or that which,
—
; ;

Boor, boor, n. A
countryman peasant clown; a bothers state of perplexitj' or annoj'ance. Both'-
—
: ; ;

rude and illiterate person. Boor'ish, a.. Like a era-'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Both'- —
boor: clownish: illiterate. Boor'ishness, n. — ersome, -er-sum, a. Causing bother.
Boose, Booze, Boaze. booz, r. i. To drink excessively; Bots, Botts, bots, «. jf:iZ. (Entom.) Small worms found
to guzzle. —
Boo''sy, -zy, -zl, a. Intoxicated; silly; in the intestines of horses. Bof-fly. The insect —
fuddled. whose egws produce bots.
Boost, boost, V. t. To lift or push from behind. Bottle, boKl, n. A narrow-mouthed vessel for hold-
Boot, boot, f. ?. To profit; to advantage. n. Differ- — ino^ liquors; the contents of one. r. t. [bottled —
ence given to equalize an exchange; profit. Boof- — (-tld), -TLING.] To inclose in bottles.
less, a. Unavailing unprofitable. Booflessly,
;
— Bottom, bofum, n. The lowest part of a thing; foun-
adv. —
Boot'lessness, n. dation; base; low alluvial land along a river: aval-
Boot, boot, /(. A
covering for the foot and leg; a rack ley. (Naut.) The keel of a vessel; the vessel itself.
for the leg, to torture criminals; a leather-covered Power of endurance: stamina: dregs or grounds.
receptacle on a coach; a cover for a carriage, against V. t. [bottomed (-tumd), -toming.] To found or
rain and mud; (p7.) a servant who blacks boots. build; to furnish with a seat or bottom.
— v. i. To —
v.t. To put boots on. Boot'-crimp, n. — frame for A be based. Bot'tomless, a. Without a bottom
—
shaping boots. -jack, n. An instrument for drawing fathomless. —
Bot'tomry, -rl, n. (liar. Law.)
;

A
off boots. tree, -last, n. A block to stretch boots. contract by which a ship is bound as security for re-
Booth, booth, n. A
temporary shelter slight hut. ; payment of money.
Booty, boot'I, n. Spoil taken in war, or by violence; Boudoir, boo'dw6r, n. A
lady's private room.
plunder. Bough, bow, 71. An arm of large branch of a tree.
Bopeep, bo-pep', n. children's play. A Bought. See Buy.
Borax, bo''raks, n. (Chem.) Biborate of soda; a salt Bougie, boo-zhe', ?;. (Surg.) long, flexible instru- A
formed by combination of boracic acid with soda. ment, introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc.,
— Bo'rate, w, A
salt formed by combination of to remove obstructions.
boracic acid with a base. —
Bo'^ron, n. An elemen- Boulevard, boo-le-var'', m. Orig. a bulwark; a broad
tary substance, allied to carbon, the base of boracic public walk or street.
acid. Bounce, bowns, v. i. [bounced (bownst), bouncing.]
Border, b6r''der, n. The outer part or edge of any- To leap or spring suddenly; to beat or thump. r. —
thing verge; brim; boundary.
; v.i. [boedeked — t. To drive violently against anj-thing. «. A sud- —
(-derd), -DEEiXG.] To touch at the edge; to be ad- den leap or bound; a heavy, sudcien blow or thump;
jacent; to come near to. r. t. To make, or adorn — a bold lie. —
Boun^'cing, a. Plump and healthy ;
with, a border; to touch at the edge. Bor''derer, ?i. — lusty.
One who dwells on a border. Bor''der-land, 71. — Bound, bownd, w. External line of any object or
Land on the frontiers; debjitable land. space, limit, confine, boundary. v. t. — To limit,
Bore, bor, r. t. [bored (bord), boring.] To perfo- terminate, restrain, circumscribe to give the boun-
rate or penetrate; to form a round hole in; to wearj' daries of. —
Bound'ary, -a-rT, 7i. That which fixes a
;

by tedious iteration or dullness; to vex. 1\ i. To — limit, —

esp. a visible mark. Bound'^less, a. With- —
pierce or enter by boring to be pierced or pene- ; out bounds unlimited infinite.
; ;

trated by a turning instrument; to carry the nose to

— Bound, bownd, n. A leap; spring; jump. r.f. To —
the ground, —
said of a horse. n. Tfie hole made move forward by leaps; rebound, as an elastic ball.
by boring; cavity of a fire-arm caliber one who, ; ; Bound, bownd, a. Destined; tending; going, or in-
or that which, wearies by repetition or dullness. tending to go, etc.
(Physical Geog.) A
tidal flood at the mouths of Bound, Bounden. See Bind.
some rivers a high and rapid flow.
; Bounty, bown'tl, n. Goodness liberality munifi- ; ;

Bore, Bom. See Bear. cence; that which is given liberally; a premium to
Boreal, bo''re-al, a. Northern; pert, to the north or encourage some object. Boun'^teous, -te-us, a —
north wind. Disposed to give freely generous. Boun-'tiful, ;
—
Borough, bur^ro, n. An incorporated town in Eng., ;
-ful, a. Free in giving.
a town that sends members to parliament; in Scot., Bouquet, boo-ka'', n. A nosegay bunch of flowers a ; ;

a body corporate, with certain jurisdiction. perfume or aromatic odor.

Borrow, bor''ro, v. t. [borrowed (-rod), -rowixg.] To Bourgeois, (P«nt.) A kind of type,
bur-iois'', «. m
take on trust, with the intention of repaying; to size between long primer and brevier.
take from another for one's own use; to appropriate. ]^^ This line is in bourgeois type.
Bosh, bosh, n. Mere show; empty talk; folly.
Bo?om, bd^zum, n. The breast of a human being; Bourgeois, bobr-zhwaw', n. In France, a man oi
the seat of the passions, affections, etc.; embrace; middle rank in society a citizen. — Bourgeoisie,
affectionate inclosure; inclosed place; interior; the boor-zhwaw-ze', h. The middle classes, esp.
;

—
part of the dress over the breast. a. Intimate fa- — ; those concerned in trade.
miliar; dear. —i-. i. [bosomed (-zumd),-0MiNG.] To Bourgeon, ber-'jun, v. i. To put forth buds; to shoot
inclose in the bosom, keep with care, hide from forth, as a branch. _
view, embosom. Bourn, Bourne, born o?- boom, n. A bound; Umit;
3oBS, bos, n. A protuberant ornament stud knob. ; ; goal. A stream rivulet bum. ; ;

(3t€c7i.) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a Bourse, boors, n. A mercliants' exchange; in France,
wheel is keyed, or where it is coupled to another; the money market.
a swage or (lie for shaping metals. v. t. To orna- — Bout, bowt, n. A conflict trial as much of an ac- ; ;

ment with bosses; to stud. tion as is performed at one time a turn. ;

Boss, bos, n. A master workman or superintendent. Bovine, bo'vin, a. Pert, to cattle of the ox kind.
— r. i. & *. To direct, superintend. Bow, bow, V. t. [bowed (bowd), bowing.] To bend,
Botany, bofa-nt, n. Science of the structure, classifi- inflect, make crooked or curved; to turn from a nat-
—
cation, etc., of plants. Botan'ic, -ical, bo-tan'ik-al, ural condition; to bend in respect, homage, conde-
To bend, —
o. Pert, to botany: relating: to, or containing, plants. scension, etc.; to depress, subdue. r. i.
— Botan^ically, adr. — Botanist, bofan-ist, n. One in token of reverence, civility, etc. «. An incli- —
skilled in, etc. —
Bofanize, v. i. [botanized (-izd), nation of the head or bodv, in token of respect, etc.
-iziXG.] To seek for and investigate plants. Bow, bow, n. (Nant.) The curving forepart of a
Botch, boch, n. An ulcerous affection. patch of A ship; prow; the bow-oar. —Bow'er, w. (3rt«/.) -\n
a garment work done biinglingly a clumsy per- anchor carried at the ship's bow, the second in size.
formance. —
;

l\t. [botched (fiobht),

;

BOTCHING.] — Bowline, bo''lTn, ??. A rope which keeps the

To mend or patch clumsily to express or perform weather edge of a sail tight forward when the ship
burio;lingly.
;

is close-hauled.
—
-oar, boWor, n. The oar ne.ir-
Both, Doth, 'a. & j)ron. The one and the other; the e St the bow of a boat; the one who pulls it. sprit.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; TCn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r
 BOW 43 BRASH
bo- or bow-, n. A
spar projecting from the bow of planation, note, etc.; crotchets. r. t. To place —
a ship, —sometimes called boltsprit. within, connect, or support by, brackets.
Bow, bo, n. Anything bent; a weapon by which an Brackish, brak'ish, a. Saltish.
arrow is propelled; an instrument having a curved Brad, brad, n. A naU with little or no head. Brad'- —
form, as a fiddle-stick. —
Bow-com^passes, -kum'- awl, n. An awl to make holes for inserting
pas-ez, w.jp/. Com- brads.
passes with an <^^^^^a@
"""V-/
Brag, brag, v. i. [bragged (bragd), -ging.J To
arched plate on ^g fg praise one's self, or one's belongings, ostenta-
one leg, upon „
Bow-compass,
tiously: to boast, bluster, vaunt. n. boast — A
which the other or boasting: thing boasted of; agame at cards.
leg slides; compasses furnished with a bow-pen.
— — Brag'gado'cio, braggart
-do'sliT-o, n. A ;

-drill, n. A drill revolved bv a bow and string. boaster; empty boasting. Brag'gart, n. — A
-hand, n. {Archery.) The liand holding the bow, boaster. a —
Boastful.
. Brag'ger, n. —
the left hand. ( J/«.s.) The hand drawing the bow, Brahma, bra'ma. n. {Mtjth.) The first person
right hand. knot. -not. «. knot tied with a bow A in the trinity of the Hindoos; the creator.—
or loop of string, and readily loosened. —-legged, Brah'man, -min, n. One of the upper or sa-
-legd, a.
One who
Having legs curved outwards.
uses a bow; an archer.
man, n.
net, «. An ar-
rangement of wicker baskets for catching lobsters,
— — cerdotal caste among the Hindoos.
Braid, brad, r. t. To weave or entwine to-
gether; to plat; to mingle by rubbing in some-
etc. —pen,7i. A kind of ruling-pen.
distance a bow shoots an arrow.
string which bends a bow. v. t.
shot, n. The
string, n. The
—
To strangle with
—— thing fluid orsoft. w.
woven from different strands.
Brail, bral, w.
— A
string, cord, etc., Brad-

{Falconry.) A piece of leather to

a bow-string. bind a hawk's wing;, pi. {Naut.) Ropes to haul
Sowel, bow'el, n. One of the intestines; an entrail; up, or truss up, sails, for furling. v. t. [brailed —
the interior part of anything; the seat of pity; com- (braid), brailing.J To haul up into, or truss up
passion. — i\ t. To take out the bowels of. with, the brails.
Sower, bow'er, n. One of the two highest cards in Brain, bran, n. {Anat.) The whitish, soft mass in
euchre, —
the highest bein^ the Right bower, the the upper cavity of the skuU, which is considered
knave of the trump suit; the next the Left bower, the center of sensation and perception; the anterior
the other knave of the same color as the trump. A or cephalic ganglion in invertebrate animals. The
chamber; a country-seat: cottage; acovered place in understanding. —
v. t. To dash out the brains of;
a garden arbor. '— Bow'ery, a. Covering, as a
; to destroy. —
Brain'^less, a. Without understanding.
bowerj containing bowers. Brake, brak, n. (Bot.) A
fern of different genera.
Bowl, bol, n. A
concave vessel to hold liquids; the A place overgrown with brakes, canes, brambles,
hollow part of anvthing. etc.; a thicket.
Bowl, bol, 71. A ball. — v. t. [bowled (bold), bowl- Brake, brak, n. An instrument to break flax or hemp;
ing.] To roll, as a bowl
to pelt with anvthing; the handle for working a pump or fire-engine a ;

rolled. — ?;. t. To
play with bowls; to roll the baU frame for confining horses while oeing shod; an in-
on a level plain to move rapidly, smoothly, and
; closure for cattle, horses, etc.; a heavy harrow for
like a ball. breaking clods after plowing an appliance for ;

Bowlder, Boulder, boKder, n. large pebble. (Geol.) A checking motion of wheels, machinery, etc., by
—
A mass of rock that has been transported by nat- friction a light wagon used in breaking horses.
;

ural agencies from its native bed. V. t. To apply brakes, —

esp. to wheels of a railroad
Box, boks, n. A case or receptacle; the quantity that train.
a box contains; an inclosed space with seats in a Bramble, bram^'bl, n. A shrub
of the genus Rubus,
theater, etc.; a money-chest; a small house. (Jfach.) including the raspberry and blackberry; any rough,
A cylindrical, hollow iron, in which an axle-tree prickly snrub.
runs; a tube in a pump, closed with a valve; the Bramin. See Brahman, under Brahma.
bucket of a lifting pump. The driver's seat on a Bran, bran, n. The coat of the seed of wheat, rye,
carriage; a present. (Bot.) A tree or shrub, the etc., separated from the flour by bolting refuse ;

dwarf variety of which is used for borders in gar- sifted out of flour or meal. —
Bran'-new, corrupt, of
dens. —i'.<. [BO.XED(bokst), BOXING.] To inctose brand-new.
in a box; to furnish with boxes. Branch, branch, n. A limb; a bough growing from a
Box, boks, n. A blow with the hand on the ear or stem, or from another bough; a part extended from
head. —v. t. & i. To fight with the fist. the maiii body of a thing, as a stream running into
Boxhaul, boks^hawl, x\ t. [boxhauled (^-hawld), a larger one; a ramification a section or subdivis-
;

BOXHAULiNG.J (Nciut.) To wear, as a ship, when ion department; a line of family descent, in dis-
;

close-hauled, short round on to the other tack. tinction fr. other lines fr. the same stock. {Law.)
Boy, boi, n. A
male child; a lad. Boy'hood, -h(5Sd, — A warrant or commission given to a pilot. r. t. —
n. State#f a boy, or immaturity of age. Boy'ish, — [branched (brancht), branching.] To spread in
a. Like a boy childish puerile. Boy'ishly, adv. — branches, ramify; to divide into subdivisions. w. —
— Boy'lshness, n.
; ;

t. To
divide as into branches.
Boycott, boi^kot', v. t. To combine against (a land- Brand, brand, n. A burning or partly burnt stick; a
lord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to sword, so called from its glittering brightness; an
withhold social or business relations from him, and iron used for burning a mark; a distinctive mark
to deter others from holding such relations. n. The — made by burning with hot iron quality; kind;
process, fact, or pressure of boycotting. a mark of infamy; stigma. ?•. t. To impress a — ;

Brace, bras, n. A' prop or support. {Carp.) tim- A mark with hot iron to stigmatize as infamous.
ber crossing a corner from one timber to another. — ;

Brand'ing-iron, Brand''iron, -i'ern, n. An iron

{Print.) A curved connecting words or lines:
line used to brand with. — Brand'-new, a. Quite new,
— written and
thii<!
* '
\
^°^^' rope reeved through a block
(''^'^'"'•) ji^
bowl.} attheendof a yard. A pair or couple
astrap, supporting a carriageon wheels; a bit-stock;
as if fresh
brent new.
Brandish, brandish,
—
from the
-goose, n.
v.
fire,

t.
See Brant.
[brandished (-disht), -dish-
also bran-

state of being braced or tight, {pi.) Straps to sus- ing.] To wave, as a weapon; to shake or flourish.
tain pantaloons, etc.; suspenders. —i\ t. [braced — n. A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc.
(brast), BRACING.] To furnish with braces, support, Brandy, bran'dT, n. An ardent spirit distilled from
prop; to tighten. {Naut.) To move around by wine or other liquors
means of braces. Branlin, bran''lin, n. A fish of the salmon kind.
Bracelet, bras'let, n. A
wrist ornament defensive ; Brant, brant, n. A
species of wild goose, called also
armor for the arm. brand-goose and brent-goose. Brant'' -fox. n. — A
Bracken, brak'en, n. Fern. kind of Swedish fox. —
Bran'tail, n. The red
Bracket, brak^'et, n. (Arch. & Engin.) support A start, a bird similar to the nightingale.
projecting from a wall or other surface, (pi) Brash, brash, a. Hasty in temper. Brittle, as wood.
(Naut.) Short, crooked timbers, resembling knees. — n. Refuse boughs of trees; truck; trash. {Geol.)
(.Print.) Hooks [ ] used to inclose a reference, ex- Broken fragments of rocks underlying alluvial de-
Biin, cube, fi^ ; moon, fdt»t ; cow, oil ; Mflger or iQk, tihen, boNboN, chair, get.
 BRASS 44 BREVET
posits. Broken fragments of ice. (Med.) rash A Bream, brem,n. A
name for three kinds of fish, found
or eruption. respectively in Europe, North America, and the sea.
Brass, bras, n. A
yellow alloy of copper and zinc; Breast, brest, n. The part of the body between neck
impudence; a brazen face. 2)t. Utensils, ornaments, and belly; protuberant glands, in females, in which
etc., made of brass; esp. plates attached to monu- milk is secreted the seat of consciousness, aft'ec-
ments, bearing figures. —
Bras8''y, a. Of, or pert, tions, and passions
;

the heart. v. t. To bear —

to, etc.; hard as, etc.; of the color of, etc.j impu-
— the breast against to oppose.
;

Breast'ing, n. —
—
;

dently bold. Brass'lness, n. Braze, braz, v. t. (Engin.) The curved channel in which a breast-
To solder, or cover or ornament with, etc. to harden
—
; wheel turns. —
Breast'-bone, n. The bone of the
to impudence. Brazen, bra''zn, a. Pert, to, or breast; sternum. hook, n. (Naut.) knee-shaped A
made of, brass; impudent, —v. t. To be impudent timber in the stem of a ship, to keep the bows to-
or defiant. — Bra'zenly, acZy. — Brassier, Bra''zier, gether. knot, -not, n. knot of ribbons worn A
-zher, An artificer in brass; a pan
n. to hold coals. on the breast. pin, n. pin for fastening Or A
— Brass band. A
company of performers on brass ornament; a brooch. plate, n. Defensive armor
musical instruments. leaf, n. Brass in thin sheets. worn upon the breast; a strap across a horse's breast.
Brat, brat, «. A contemptuous name for a child. (Jewish Atitiq.) A
part of the high priest's vest-
Brave, brav, a. Of noble courage; bold, with gener- ment. plow, -plough, n. plow, driven by the A
osity and dignity excellent beautiful.
; n. ; — A breast, to cut turf. rail, n. The upper rail of a
brave person esp., an Indian warrior; a hector a
bully. —
V. t.
;

[braved (bravd), BRAViXG.] To en-

;

—
balcony or of the breastwork on a quarter-deck.
wheel, n. A
water-wheel, which receives the
counter with fortitude; to defy, challenge, dare.
— Brav'ery, -er-l, n. Quality of being, etc.; fear-
lessness; showy appearance; ostentation. Bra'vo, —
—
stream at about half its height. See Watee-wheel.
work, -werk, w. (Fort.)
breast-high. (Naut.)
defensive earth-work
A
railing on the quarter-deck
A
n.;x>l. JSea^voes, -voz. A daring villain bandit; and
forecastle.
assassin or murderer. —
Bravo, bra'^vo, interj. Well
;

Breath, breth, n. Air respired act or power of breath-

done, excellent —
Brava'do, n.
! Ostentation of ing naturally; life; time to breathe; respite; a sin-
;

bravery boast or brag threatening behavior a

; ; ; gle respiration, or the time of making it; a single
boasting fellow. act; a slight breeze.— Breath'less, a. Out of breath;
Brawl, brawl, v. i. To quarrel noisily and indecently; dead, expired. —
Breathe, breth, v. i. [breathed
to scold, wrangle, squabble to roar, as water. n.
; — (brethd), breathing.] To respire; to live; to take
A noisy quarrel; loud contention; scurrility; uproar. breath, rest; to pass, as air to exhale, emanate. ;

Brawn, brawn, n. The flesh of a boar; full, strong V. t. To respire; to infuse by breathing; to emit by
muscles; strength; the arm. Brawn'y, -T, a. — the breath, utter sof tlj'^, exhale to cause to, sound by
—
;

Strong big.; Brawn-'iness, n. breathing; to promote free respiration in; to exer-

Bray, bra, i-. t. [bkayed (brad), beaying.] To pound, cise; to' suffer to take breath; to put out of breath;
beat, or grind small. —
v. i. To utter a harsh cry, as to give air or vent to to open. Breath'er, n. — —
an ass; to make a harsh, grating noise. r. t. To — Breath'able, a. That may be, etc.
;

Breath''ing, n. —
utter with a harsh sound. —
n. The sound of an ass; Respiration air in gentle motion aspiration ; secret
; ;

any harsh, grating sound. prayer; exercise; utterance; breathing-place; vent.

Braze, Brazen, Brazier. See under Brass. Breech, brech, n. The lower part of the body behind;
Brazil-wood, bra-ziFw6&d, n. A very heavy wood, of hinder part of anything, esp. the part of a fire-arm
Brazil and other tropical countries, used for dyeing behind the bottom of the bore. v.t. [breecheId —
red. (brecht), breeching.] To put into breecn.es; to fur-
Breach, brech, n. Act of breaking, or state of being nish with a breech; to fasten with breeching.—
broken; the opening broken; rent; gap; a breaking, Breeches, brich^'ez, n. pi. garment for men, cov- A
as of a law, obligation, etc.; a breaking up of ami- ering the hips and thighs; used in the sense of pan-
cable relations; quarrel. r. t. —
(Mil.) To make a taloons. —
Breeching, brich'^ing, n. The part of a
breach in the walls of, by artillery. harness round a horse's breech. (Naut.) rope to A
Bread, bred, n. Flour or meal baked in loaves, cakes, check the recoil of a cannon. Breech'-load^ing,
etc.; provisions in general. Bread'-frait, n. The — brech''lod'ing, a. (Mil.) Receiving the charge at
—
fruit of a tree of the isles of the Pacific, which re- the breech instead of the muzzle. load'er, n. A
sembles bread, when baked, and is eaten as food. — gun which, etc.
-stuff, n. Bread-corn; meal; flour. Breed, bred, v. t. [bred; breeding.] To procreate;
Breadth, bredth. n. Distance from side to side; width. beget; hatch; to bring up nurse and foster to in- ; ;

(Paint.) Quality of having colors and shadows struct form bj^ education to occasion to give
broad and massive, and an arrangement of objects birth to.
;

—
V. i.
'
To bear and nourish young; to be
; ;

suggesting largeness and simple grandeur. generated, or to grow to raise a breed. n. ;

— A
Break, brak, v. t. [imp. broke (brok) or (ohs.) brake progeny from the same parents or stock; a race al-
(brak); p. p. broke or brokex; breaking.] To lied by nativity or some distinctive qualities in com-
strain apart; to lay open by breaking; to disclose or mon; progeny; offspring, applied to o^ber things —
divulge; to infringe or violate; to interrupt, termi- than animals. —
Breed''ing, ??. Formation of man-
nate; to destroy the completeness of to dash, .shat- ; ners; education; nurture; training; deportment; be-
ter, or crush; to bruise; to weaken or subdue; to im- havior.
part cautiously; to tame; to make bankrupt; to de- Breese, Briz, Breeze, brez, Breeze'-fly, n. buzzing A
stroy the official character of; to cashier. r. i. To — fly of various species, which torments animals; also,
come to pieces, burst asunder; to open from within; the bot-fly.
to come to view; to dawn to burst f orth violentlj^ Breeze, brez, n. A
light wind; gentle gale; an excited
to become weakened to lose health or strength to
;
;

; state of feeling; quarrel. r. t. To dIow gently. —

fail in business; to change the gait; to exceed the Breeze, brez, Briss, bris, Brist, ?i. Cinders; dust, rub-
natural power, as the voice; to fall out; to termi- bish.
nate friendship. n. —
An opening made by frac- Brent. See Beant.
ture; an interruption; a pause; in writing or print- Brethren, breth-'ren, n., pi. of Beother, used in sol-
ing, a dash, or a blank or imfinished Une; the dawn; emn and Scriptural language for brothers.
an interruption of continuity; a large carriage. Brett, bret, n. A
four-wheel carriage, with calash top.
Break'^able, a. Capable of being broken. Break''- — Breve, brev, n. (Mus.) note, A
equivalent to I
^ i

age, -ej, n. A
breaking ; allowance for things brok- two semibreves, or four minims, (Laiv.) i
'
A
en in transportation. —
Break'down, n. Act of brief. (Print.) curved mark A[--^'] over a vowel, to
breaking down, as of a carriage; a riotous dance, indicate that its quantity is short. Brev'ity, n. —
terminating a ball. —
Break'er, n. One who, or that Shortness of time or extent; conciseness.
which, breaks. (Naut.) small water-cask for A Brevet, bre-vet'', n. A
warrant, granting a favor, title,
boats. —pi. Waves breaking into foam against the dignity, etc. (Mil.) A
commission in the army at
shore. large, but not with a particular command. v. t. —
Breakfast, brek'fast, n. The first meal in the day. — To confer rank upon by brevet. a. Taking rank —
v.i. To break one's fast in the morning. v.t. To — —
by brevet, designating rank conferred for merit or
furnish with the morning meal. special cause, and not in course of promotion.

Km, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 — — ; —

BREVIARY 45 BROAD
Breviaxy, bre'vt-a-rt, n. An abridgrment epitome; : Bright, hrit, a. Shedding light: .^ihining; brilliant; of
summary book containing the service of the Rom. a quick intellect; sparkling with wit; manifest to
;

Cath. or Greek church. the mind, as light to the eyes clear. Brighten, ;
—
Brevier, bre-ver', n. {Fnnt.) kind of type, in size A brit'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -exing.] To make
between bourgeois and minion. bright or brighter to make illustrious, or more dis-
;

tinguished, shed light upon, make cheerful, make

2^= This line is printed in brevier type. fciite or witty. v.i. To grow bright of brighter.
Brevity. See under Brevk. brilliant, briKyant, a. Sparkling with luster; ght-
Brew, broo, v. t. [bkewed (brood), brewing.] To terinii; splendid: shining. -?(. diamond so cut as A
boil or seethe; to prepare, as a hquor, troiii malt and to reflect and refract the light. (Print.) The small-
hops, etc., by steeping, boiling, and fermentation; est type used in English printing.
to contrive; plot. v. i. —
To perform the business of t^ Tiiis line is printed in the type called Brilliant.
brewing; to be in a state of preparation: to be form- Brim, brim, n. Rim, or border, of anything; edse,
ing or gathering. —
Brew'age, n. Malt liquor. margin. ?•. — i. To be full to the brim.— Brim 'ful,
— Brew'er, «.— Brew'ery, -er-l, Brew'-houBe, u. A -ful, Brim'ming, n. Full to the top: completelv full.
house where brewing done. — Brew'ing, u. Act
is Brimstone, brim'ston, n. A hard, brittle, inflamma-
or process of, etc. quantity brewed at once.
; ble substance; sulphur.
Briarean, bri-a'rl-an, a. Pert, to, or resembling, Bri- Brinded, brin'ded, a. Having diiferent colors; varie-
areus, a giant with a hundred hands. gated: streaked. Brin'dle, -dl, n. State of being —
Bribe, brib^/i. Something given to pervert the judgment brinded; spottedness. Brin'dled, -did, a. Spotted; —
or corrupt the conduct that which seduces; allure- brinded.
ment. —r. t.
;

[BRIBED (bribd), bribing.] To influ- Brine, biTn, n. Water_^ impregnated with salt: the
ence or corrupt by gifts: to gain by, etc. v.i. To ocean or sea tears pickle. Bri'ny. a. Pert, to —
give, etc. —
Bri'Tiery, n. Act or practice of giving or brine, or to the sea; salt. Brine'-pan, n. A pit of
; ;

—
taking, etc. salt water, for evanoration.
Bric-a-brac, brik'a-brak, n. collection of antiqua- A Bring, bring, v. t. [brought (brawt), brevgixg.] To
rian or artistic curiosities. [F.] convey to a person or thing; fetch; to make to come;
Brick, brik, n. Clay and sand, tempered with water, procure; induce; influence; to convej', carry.
molded into form, dried, and usually burnt; bricks Brink, brink, n. Edge, margin, or border of a steep
collectively; a good fellow. ]3lace; verge.
Bride, brld, n. A
woman recently married, or en- Briqaet, brl'ket''', n. A
block of compacted coal dust,
gaged to be married. —
Bri'dal, a. Pert, to a bride, or peat, etc., for fuel; a block of artificial stone,
or to a wedding nuptial. ;(.
; Nuptial festival — cement, etc., in the form of a brick.
— The Brisk, brisk, a. Full of liveliness and activity, of
marriage. Bride'-chamber, -cham''ber, n.
nuptial apartment. groom, n.
ried, or about to be married.
—
man newly mar-
maid, -man, n. At- —A spirit or life; effervescing, as liquors; alert; nimble;
quick; gay. —
v. i. To appear with animation,—
tendants on the bride and groom at a wedding. with up.
[These words are also spelled bridesmaid, brides- Brisket, bris'ket, n. The breast of an animal or that
man.'] part of the breast next the ribs. See Beef.
Bridge, brij, n. A
structure forming a roadway over Bristle, bris'l, n. A
short, stiff coarse hair. (Bot.) A
—
,

a watercourse, ravine, etc. a support similar to a ; species of pubescence on plants. r. t. [bristled

bridge, as for strings of a violin, the bony part of (bris'ld), BRiSTLiXG (bris'ling).] To erect the bris-
the nose, etc. a game resembling common whist,
; tles of, fix a bristle to. v. i. —
To rise or stand erect,
m whicn. the trump, if any, is made by the dealer like bristles.
or his partner, and the hand of the latter is played Britannia, brT-tan'nT-a, n. A
compound of block-
as a dumni}': —
called also hri'Uje irhv-t. v. t. — lin alloyed with antimony, bismuth, and copper.
[bridged (brijd), bridgijjg.] To build a. bridge British, brifish, a. Pert, to Great Britain or its in-
over. habitants, or to its original inhabitants. Brifon, —
Bridle, bri^'dl, n. An instrument to restrain a horse; n. A native of, etc. —
Brit'icism, -sizm, n. habit A
a restraint; curb; check; part of a gun-lock. (^Naut.) ,or idiom peculiar to, etc.
A cable, to enable asliip, when moored, to veer with Brittle, brit'tl, a. Easily broken; apt to break.
wind and tide.— r. t. [bridled (bri'dld), bridling.^ Britzska, bris'ka, n. A
long carriage, with calash top.
To put a bridle upon to restrain, or control. v. i.
;
— Broach, broch, 7i. A
To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an steel tool for
expression of pride, scorn, or resentment. smoothing or en-
Brief, href a. Short in duration or expression; using
, larging holes in
few words concise; succinct. n. An epitome; a metal a brooch.
;

statement in few words. (Law.) An abridgment — V.t. ;

[BROACHED
of a client's case; writ summoning one to answer to (brocht;, broach- _
— (Lair.) To make a brief of. To pierce.^g
an action. r. f.
Brier, Briar, bri'er, n. A prickly plant. (Hot.) The
sweet-brier and wild-brier, species of the rose.
IXG.]
as with a spit to ""^
tap ; to pierce, as
; _
riritzska.
— . —
Brig, brig, n. A
vessel with two masts, square-rigged a cask, in order to draw liquor to let out to open
— Hermapltrodite brig. for the first time, as stores; to make public, give out.
; :

A two-masted vessel, Broad, brawd, a. Wide extended in breadth, or

;

square-rigged forward from side to side; diffused; having a large measure

and schooner-rigged of any thing or quality; ample; comprehensive;
aft.— Brig''antine, -tin gross; obscene. —
Broad'^cast, 7i. (Agric.) sowing A
or -tin, n. A small of seed by casting it at large from the hand. adv. —
brig. Diffusedly; at large. —
a. Dispersed, as seed thrown
Brigade, brT-gad', n. by the hand: widely spread. Broaden, biawd^n,
— —
(JId.) A
division of V. i. To grow broad. v. t. To make broad, ren-
troops, larger than a der more comprehensive. —Broad''ish, a. Rather
regiment, commanded broad. —
Broad^ly, adv. Broad'ness, n. —
Broad' —
by a general officer. — ax, -axe, n. A
broad-edged ax for hewing timber.
V. t. To form into a brim. n. A
kind of hat worn bj- the I riends or
brigade. —
Brigadier, Quakers; a Quaker. cloth, n. " fine woolen A
brig-a-der'. Brig 'a- ^"S-
t, .

cloth for garments, exceeding -29 inches in width. —

dier-gen'eral, n. The officer commanding a brigade, -piece, n. A gold coin broader than a guinea. —
in rank next below a major-general. Brigade — -side, n. Simultaneous discharge of all guns on one
major. An officer who assists the brigadier in his side of a ship. (Naut.) A ship's side above water,
duties. from bow to quarter. (Print.) A sheet of paper
A
lawless fellow who lives by
Brigand, brig'and, n.
plunder ; a robber, freebooter.
Theft ; robbery
Brig'andage, n.
; plunder.
— only. —
containing one large page, or printed on one side
sword, -sord, n. One with broad blade and
cutting edge; a claymore. B. Church. (Eccl.) — A
san, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boifboN, chair, get.
 BROCADE 46 BUCKET
body of men holding liberal or comprehensive views Bruin, broo'in, n. bear. A
of Christian doctrine and fellowship, applied esp. — Bruise, brooz, v. t. [bruised (broozd), bruising.] To
to a portion of the church of Eng. B. gauge, gaj. — injure or crush; to contuse; to reduce to fragments;
A distance between the rails of a railroad greater to fight_with the fists to box. n. contusion. — A
than the standard gauge of 4 ft. 8h in. B. pen'- — Bruit, broot, n. Report; rumor fame. (Med.)
:

A
—
;

nant, n. (^JS^aut.)
— A
square flag at a commodore's sound heard on percussion or auscultation. r. t. To
mast-head. B. seal. The public seal of a state. report; to noise abroad.
Brocade, bro-kad', ?*. Silk stuff, variegated with gold Brunette, broo-net', n. woman of dark complex- A
and silver, or with patterns of flowers, etc.; other ion.
stuffs similarly wrought. Bro'catel', -tel'lo, n. — Brunt, brunt, n. Tlie heat, or utmost violence, of an
Coarse brocade for tapestr}% carriage linings, etc.; onset: force of a blow; shock; sudden effort, con-
marble, clouded and veined with various colors. tact, or engagement.
Brocage. See under Bkokee. Brush, brush, n. An instrument of bristles, etc., for
Broccoli, brok^ko-ll, n. variety of cabbage. A removing dust, laying on colors, etc.; branches of
Brogan, bro^gan or bro-gan', Brogue, brog, n. stout, A trees lopped off brushwood; a thicket; a skirmish;
coarse shoe. Brogue, n.— coarse manner of pro- A
;

a slight encounter; anything resembling a brush. —

nunciation. V. t. [brushed (brusht), brushing.] To applv a
Broider. See Embroider. brush to; to pass lightlj' over; to remove or gather
Broil, broil, n. A
noisy quarrel; fray; tumult. by brushing. v.i. —
To move nimbly in haste; to
Broil, broil, v. t. [broiled (broild), broiling.] To skim over with slight contact. Brush''y, -1, a. Re- —
cook over coals or on a gridiron. — v. i. To be sembling, etc. rough. Brnsh''iness, »i.
; Brush''- — —
greatlj^ heated. wheel, n. A wheel
Broker, bro^'ker, n. One who does business for anoth- without teeth, re-
er an agent to effect contracts for a compensation. volving another by
— ;

Broke, v. i. To act as agent, esp. in love affairs. friction; a revolving

— Bro'^cage, -kage, -kej, -kerage, v. The fee for act- brush for polishing.
ing as broker a commission on sales.
; ^wood, n. A thick-
Broma, bro''ma, n. A preparation of cacao seeds, or et or coppice; small
drink made from it. branches cut from
Bromine, bro''niin, n. (CJiem.) One of the elements, re- trees.
lated in chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. — Brusk,Brusque,brcit)sk,
Bro'mate, 7i. Broniic acid compounded with a base. a. Blunt rough Brush-wheel.
— Bro'^mic, a. Compounded of bromine and oxj^gen. rude. _
;

— Bro'mide, -mid, n. compound of bromine withA Brute, broot, a. Not having sensation or reason;
a metallic or combustible base. Bro''mite, -mit, n. — senseless; irrational unintelligent animal bes-
— ; ;

An ore of silver; bromic silver. Bro'^mism, -mizm, tial;rough. n. —

A beast; a low-bred, unfeeling
;

n. A
cachectic condition caused b^' using bromine. person.— Bru'tal, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; cruel; in-
Bronchi, bron'ki, -cMa, -kl-a, -chiae, -kT-e, n. pi. human. —
BrutaKity, n. Bru'talize [-talized —
(Anat.) The ramifications of the windpipe in the (-tzd). -IZING], BrU'tify [-TIFIED (-tT-iid), -fyixg],
lungs. —
Bron''cliial, -kl-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to, V. t. To make a brute of, make brutal. — Bru'tish,
etc. —
Bronchitis, -ki-'tis, n. Inflammation of the a. Having characteristics of, etc. ignorant: stupid; ;

bronchial membrane. gross carnal bestial. Bru'tishly.^rfc.

: Bru''tisli- — —
—
;

Bronze, brSnz or bronz, n. An alloy of copper with ness, n. Eru'tism, -tizm, a. The nature, qualities,
tin, sometimes with other metals, esp. zinc; a statue, or actions, of a brute.
medal, etc., cast in bronze; a brown color; the color Bubble, bub'^l, »i. A
bladder of water or other fluid
of bronze. i\ t. —
[BRONZED (br5nzd or bronzd), inflated with air anything empty a delusive
; ;

BROXZiXG.] To give the appearance of bronze to ; scheme. v.i. [bubbled (buo'ld), bubbling.] To
m.ake brown; to make hard or unfeeling; to brazen. rise in bubbles, run with a gurgling noise. v.t.
— a. ^lade of, or resembling, etc. To cheat, deceive.
Brooch, broch, n. An ornament, with a pin to attach Buccaneer, Bucanier, buk-a-ner', n. A pirate ; freC'
it to a garment. (Paint.) painting all of one A hooter.
color. —
V. i. To adorn with jewelry. Bucentaur, bu-sen'tawr, n. (Myth.) fabulous A
Brood, brood, i\ i. To sit on and cover eggs or young; monster, half ox and half man. The state barge —
to sit quietly; to remain longin anxious thought; to of Venice, used in the ceremony of espousing the
muse. — V. t. To sit over, cover, and cherish. — n. Adriatic.
Offspring; progeny. Buchu, bu'ku, n. (Bot.) A plant used for diseases of
Brook, brdbk, w. small stream of water.A v.t. To the bladder.
bear, endure to be contented with.
; Buck, buk, n. Lye for soaking cloth, in bleaching;
Broom, broom, n. A
genus of leguminous plants; a also liquor in which clothes are washed: cloth or
besom, or brush, to sweep floors, etc., orig. made — clothes washed, —r. t. To steep in lye; to wash in
of the broom plant. lye or suds. (Mining.) To break up or pulverize, as
Broth, broth, n. Liquor in which flesh or anything ores. —
Buck-basket, -bas^'ket, n. basket for ear- A
else is boiled. rving clothes to the wash.
Brothel, broth'el, n. house of ill-fame. A Buck, buk, 11. The male of the fallow deer, goat,
Brother, brutli'^er, n. ; pi. Broth'^ers o;"Bretheex, sheep, rabbit, and hare,
bretii''ren (used in the solemn stj'le). He who is — alsoapplied to male
born of the same parents with another, or of one of Indians and negroes a ;

them only; one closely united to another by some gay, dashing, young fel-
common tie one who resembles another. Broth''-
; — low. —
V. I. To ]ump
erly, a. Pert, to; kind; affectionate. Broth^erhood, — viciouslj-, with the head
-hO&d, n. State of being, etc.; an association a fra- down, as if butting, —
ternity a class of individuals of the same occupa-
;
;

said of mules, etc. v. t. —

tion. —
Broth'' er-in-law, n. Brother of a husband To confine, by passing a
or wife; sister's husband. stick under the bent
Brougham, broo^am or broom, n. A light close carriage. knees, and over the
Brow, brow, n. The ridge over the eye, with the hair wrists, the hands being Buck.
ui)on the forehead; the edge of a steep place.
it; tied together before the
Brown, brown, n. A
dark color inclining to red or shins. —
Buck'shot, n. Coarse shot used for large
yellow. — a.
Of a brown color. v. t. [browned — game. skin, n. Leather of deer, goats, etc.
(brownd), browning.] To give abrown color to. Buckboard, buk'bord, -wag'on, n. rude vehicle, A
Browse, browz, v. t. Fbrowsed (browzd), brows- having a board resting on two axletrees.
ing.] To eat or nibble off, as the ends of branches
— v. Bucket, buk'^et, ??. vessel to hold liquids, etc. A
of trees, etc. To feed on shoots of shrubs or
i. (Mack.) One of the cavities on the rim of a water-
trees. — Browse, brows, n. Tender branches or twigs wheel ; the float of a paddle-wheel. See Water-
of trees, etc. —
wheel. Buck'^etfnl, ?«. Contents of, etc.
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; 6nd, 5ve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 BUCKEYE 47 BUMPER
Backeye, buk'I, n. A tree indigenous in the Western Build, bild, v. *. [built (bilt) o?* (antiquated) builded;
States; a nickname for a resident of Ohio. BUiLDi>'G.] To frame, construct, and raise, as an
Buckle, biik^l, n. A
frame with tongue or catch to edifice; to fabricate; to raise on any fouudation to ;

fasten things togetlier; a curl, or state of being curled increase and strengthen. r. i. —
To practice build-
or crisped, as hair. —
r. t. [bickled (buk'ld), bl'ck- ing to construct, rest, or depend. /(. Form, or—
LIXG.] To fasten with a buckle to prepare for ac-
;

mode of construction. Build'er, n.— Build'ing, n.—

tion set stoutly at work. v. i. To bend, bow to — ;

Act or business of, etc. tiling built.;

;

struggle, contend. Buck'^er, n. —

kind of shield. A
;

Bulb, bulb, n. (Hot.) A

bud growing from a plant,
(3'a«<.) A cover fitted to the hawse-holes, to exclude (usually below ground), and producing a stem
water. above and roots below. (Aiiat.) A part shaped
Buckram, buk'ram, /}. A
coarse linen cloth, stiffened like bulbous roots. A protuberance on a stem, as
with irlue. a. —
Alade of buckram stiff, precise. ; the bulb of a thermometer. — r. i. To form bulbs.
Buckthorn, buk'thfirn, n. {Bot.) A genus of plants. Bulge, bulj, «. The protuberant part of a cask, etc.
Buckwheat, buk''hwet, ti. plant, whose seed is A (^A'aut.) The bilge of a vessel.
'

v. i. [bulged —
used as grain. (buljd), BULGING.! To swell out; to be protuberant;
Bucolic, bu-koKik, Pert, to a shepherd; pas-
-ical, a. to bilge, as a ship.
toral ; rustic. —Bucol''ic, n. pastoral poem. A Bulk, bulk, n. Magnitude of material substance; si.te;
Bud, bud, n. An undeveloped branch or flower a mass the majority the principal portion. (Ifaut.)
; ;

prominence on certain animals, which grows into an

;

The whole cargo of a ship when stowed. r. i. To —

animal, as a bud in a plant grows into a flower. — appear of great size or importance. Bulkier, lu —
V. i. To put forth buds; to begin to grow, or issue (Naut.) One who ascertains the capacitj' ot goods,
from a stock like a bud, as a horn; to be in bloom, or to fix the freight or shore-dues upon them. Bulk'y, —
growing. r. t.—To insert, as the bud of one plant, -T, a. Large. —Bulk'^ess, n.
under bark of another, to raise a fruit different from Bulkhead, bulk'hed, u. (JS'imt.) A partition in a ship,
the stock. etc., made with boards, etc.
Buddhism, bud'izm, ?;. The doctrine taught by the Bull, bul, n. The male of any bovine quadruped, also
Hindu sage", Buddha, in the 6th century B. c, and of any large quadruped, as the elephant. (Astron.)
adopted as a religion in Central and Eastern Asia, Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (Stock
etc. — Buddhist, bud'ist, A votary of Buddhism.! 71. Exchange.) One who buys stock on time, agreeing
— Bud'dhist, -ist'ic, a. to take a certain amount at a future day at a stated
Buddie, bud'dl, {Mining.) A wooden fratne for
u. price, beyond whicli he seeks to raise the market
washing ore. — To wash ore with, etc.
v. t. value. See Bear. —
r. t. To endeavor to raise the
Budge, buj, [budged (bujd), budgijtg.] To
r. t. price of.— Bul'lock, n. A young bull; an ox, or cas
move off, wag. —
stir, Lamb-skin fur, used as an n. trated bull. —Bull' -dog, n. A
variety of dog, of re
edging of scholastic habits. — a. Lined with budge; markable ferocity and courage, —
named prob. fr^
— Budg'et, w. A being used to bait bulls or fr. the size of the head.
hence, scholastic austere or ;

bag or sack, with its contents a stock or store a

governmental financial statement.
stiff.
; ; -fight, -fit, n. Acombat with a bull. finch, n.
thick-necked singing-bird allied to the grossbeak.
— A
Bim, buf, n. A sort of leather, from the skin of the -frog, n. Alarge species of frog, which makes a loud,
buffalo, also of other animals, dressed in oil a mili- ; croaking noise. head, n. A fish of the genus
made of buff-skin the color of, etc. the coitus; also the cat-fish, or horned-pout; a stupid fel-
tarj' coat,
bare skin. {Med.)
on blood. {Mech.)
A
grayish, viscid crust observed
wheel covered with buff A
; ;

low; lubber.
ing; dogged.
—
— head'ed, -necked, -nekt, o. Unjield-
rush, n. A large, strong rush, grow-
leather, for polishing.
of the color of, etc.,
a.
—
—
?ilade of buff leather
between light pink and light
; ing in swamps or water. trout, n.—
of trout, ascending rivers periodicalh' to spawn.
A
large species

yellow. Bull, bal, V. The seal appended to the edicts and

Buffalo, buf 'a-lo, n. ; pi. Buf'faloes, -loz. kind of A briefs" of the pope an edict, or rescript of the pope.
;

wild ox of the eastern conti- A blunder; use of language self-contradictorj' or ex-

nent a buffalo-robe ; applied
; pressing ideas entirely different from those in-
improperly to the bison. See tended.
B1.SOX. Bulldoze, buKdoz, v. t. To intimidate by violence.
Bufiar, buffer, n. (Mech.) An Bullet, buK'let, n. A
small ball; esp. one of lead for
apparatus to deaden concussion small-arms.
bj' moving bodies. foolish —A Bulletin, buKle-tin, n. A statement respecting some
fellow good-natured old fel-
; event, issued by authority for public information;
low. public notice, es'p., of news recently received.
Buffet, boof-a' or buffet, w. Buffalo, A Bullion, buKyun, n. Uncoined gold or silver in the
sideboard or closet, for plate, china, etc. mass; precious metal, coined or uncoined, when
Buffet, buffet, w. A
blow with the hand cuff vio- ; ; reckoned by weight and in mass.
lent resistance, as of winds and waves. r. t. To — Bulls'-eye, bulz^I, n. (Naut.) A
wooden block with-
box, beat, slap: to contend against. v. i. To play — out sheaves, having a groove around it, and a hole
at boxing to make one's way by buffeting. through it. A thick piece of glass in a deck, roof,
;

Buffo, buf fo^??. The comic actor in an opera. [It.] — etc., to let in light; any circular opening for air or
Buffoon, -foon', n. One who amuses by tricks, iokes, light; a policeman's lantern; the center of a target;
and iilcasantries a mimic mountenank clown.; ; a knob left on a sheet of plate-glass by the blow-
—
;

BuJEEoon''ery, -er-T, ??. The arts of, etc. pranks. : pipe; a thick, old-fashioned watch.
Bug, bug, n. An insect of many species esp. a ; Bully, buKT, n. A blustering fellow. a. Jovial; —
hemipterous insect which infests_beds, etc. Bug, — merrj'."— v. <. [BULLIED (buKlid), BULLYING.] To
Bug'bear, -bar, Bug'ahoo, -a-boo, n. Something insult with blustering menaces; to treat with inso-
frightful a specter hobgoblin.
; : lence. —
V. i. To.be noisy and quarrelsome; to
Bugger, bug^gSr, n. One guilty of buggery a vile ; swagger, crow, domineer.
creature. —
Bug'gery, -T, n. A crime against na- Bulwark, bufwerk, n. (Fort.) An outwork for de-
ture sodomy.
; fense; a bastion. A means of defense; screen; shel-
Buggy, bug'gf, ?;. A light four-wheel vehicle, with ter, pi. (Nmit.) A
ship's sides above the deck.
or without a Cfilash top. V. t. To fortify with a rampart; to protect.
Bu'gle, Bugle-horn, bu''gl-h6rn, ??. A wind instrument Bumble-bee, bum^bl-be, n. A large bee; humble-bee.
for liunting or for military music. Bumkin, bum'kin, n. (Ncmt.) A piece of timber to
Bugle, bu^gl, H. An elongated glass which stays, sails, etc., are fastened.
bead._ Bummer, bum^'mer, n. A vagrant; foraMr; soldier
Buhl, bul, n. A
figure of brass, un- seeking food and plunder dissipated fellow.
;

burnished gold, etc., set into sur- Bump, bump, n. A thump; heavy blow; swelling or
faces of ebony, tortoise-shell, etc. protuberance. — i-. t. [bumped "(burnt), bumping.]
Buhr-stone, ber'ston, n. (Min.) A To strike, as against anything solid. — v. i. To
flintv quartz, used for mill-stones. Bugle-horn. make a loud, heavy, or hollow iioise, as the bittern.
See Bur. Bumper, bum-'per, n. A cup filled to the brim.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tSien, boNboN, chair, get.
 BUMPKIN 48 BURY
Bumpkin, bum''kin, n. An awkward, heavy rustic; a — Burg'o-mas'ter, n. A chief magistrate of a mu-
clown, or country lout. nicipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany.
Bun, Bunn, bun, n. A small sweet-cake. (O)-nith.) An
aquatic bird; the glaucous gull, of
Bunch, bunch, n. A protuberance; hunch; knob or arctic regions.
lump; a cluster, or tuft. To — v. swell Burgeois. See Bourgeois.
out. — V. collection,
t. To form or fasten into a bunch.
i.
Burgeon. See Bourgeon.
Buncombe, Bunkum, bun^kum, n. body of constit- A Burglar, berg'^ler, n. (Law.) One who breaks and en-
uents; speech-making- for the gratification of con- ters a house, to commit a felony. Burg^lary, -la-ri, —
stituents.
" n. Act of, etc. —
Burgla'rious, -rl-us, a. Pert, to,
Bundle, bun'dl, n. A number of things bound to- or constituting, etc. Burgla'riously, adv. —
gether, esp. into a package for handling or convey- Burgundy, ber'gun-dl, n. kind of wine made in A
ance; a paj-cel; roll. f. t. —
[bundled (bun-'dld), Jiurgu7iily, France. —
Bur'gundy-pitch, -pich, n.
BUNDLING.] To tie Or bind in a bundle or roll. — Turpentine from which the essential oil has been
V. i. To set off in a hurry. distilled off.
Bung, bung, n. The stopper of the orifice in the bilge Burial. See under Bury.
of a cask; the hole itself. v. t. —
To stop, as the ori- Burin, bu'rin, n. An engraver's tool having a sharp cut-
fice, etc. to close.
;
—
Bung^'hole, n. The hole in ting point ;

the bilge of a cask. a n engrav-

Bungalow, bun''ga-lo, n. In India, a one-story house. er's style df 1—iBBSfflSW^
Bungle, buTi'^gl, v. i. [bungled (buTi''gld), bung- execution. ^^
ling.] To act or work awkwardly. — v. t. To make Burke, bSrk,
or mend clumsily; to botch. Bung^ler, n. A clumsy l-.<. [BURKED „ .

workman. (berkt), -Burm.

Bunk, bunk, n. A wooden case, for a seat by day and BURKING.] To murder, without marks of violence,
a bed at night; one of a series of berths in vertical to obtain a body for dissection; to dispose of quietly
tiers. —
V. i. To go to bed in a bunk. Bunk''er, n. — or indirectly.
A tub, box, etc., to hold coal, etc. Burl, berl, r.i. [burled (berld), BURLING.] To dress,
Bunyon, Bunion, bun-'yun, n. {Med.) Enlargement as cloth, by fulling; to pick knots, loose threads,
and inflammation of the membranous sac at tne ball etc., from. n.— A
Knot or lump in thread or cloth.
of the great toe. — Burlier, w. A
dresser of cloth.
Bunt, bunt, n. {Naut.) The middle part or belly of a Burlap, ber'^lap, n. A
coarse fabric of linen, jute, or
sail. —
V. i. To swell out, as a sail; to push with the hemp.
horns; to butt. —
Bunt'line, 11. rope to haul up A Burlesque, ber-lesk'^, a. Provoking laiighter by ludi-
—
the body of a sail when taking it in. crous images; jocular, ironical. n. Ludicrous rep-
Bunting, bunfing, n. bird allied A
to finches and resentation exaggerated parody satirical compo-
; ;

sparrows. Thin woolen stuff, of which flags are sition intended to ridicule anything; caricature.
made. V. t. [burlesqued (-leskt'),-LESQuiNG.] To turn into
Buoy, booT, n. A float; esp. a floating mark to indicate ridicule. —Burlefta, -lefta, 7i. {Mus.) comic A
objects beneath the water.— opera a musical farce.
;

V. [BUOYED (b(X)Td), BUOY- Burly, ber^lT, a. Of great bulk; stout; lusty; coarse
ING.]
t.

To keep afloat; to keep and rough. —

Bur'Hness, n.
from sinking into ruin or de- Burn,, bern, v^t. [burned (bernd) or burnt; burn-
spondencj'; to fix buoys to; to ing.] To consume with tire to injure by heat; to ;

mark by buoys. r. To — ?'. change by exposure to heat; to produce an effect akin

float; to rise by specific light- to that of heat. {Surg.) To cauterize. {Chem.) To
ness. — Buoy'ant, a. Having _ combine with oxygen. v.i. —
To be on fire; to be
the quality of i-ising or floating; -Buoy, injured by excess of heat; to have tlie appearance
bearing up, as a fluid; cheerful; vivacious. Buoy'- — of fire; to be hot or in a passion to act with de- ;

ancy, -an-sT, n. Quality of floating; specific light- structive violence; to be akin to fire in the effect pro-
ness; cheerfulness. (Ptiiisics.) Weight just sutficient duced. n.— A
hurt or injury caused by fire; the op-
to submerge a floating body. Buoy'antly, adv. — eration of burning or baking. Burn''er, n. One —
Bur, Burr, ber, n. A
prickly envelope of the seeds of who burns or sets on fire; an appendage to a lamp
plants; the rough edge left by a tool in cutting or gas-fixture, to promote combustion.
metal; a guttural mispronunciation of the letter r. — Burn. w. xV brook. See Bourn.
V. t. To pronounce with a burr; to talk or whisper Burnish, ber'nish, v. t. [burnished (-nisht), -nish- ,

hoarsely. —
Bur'dock, n. A
genus of prickly-fruited ING.] To polish by rubbing with .something hard
and smooth to render bright. v. i. To grow or —
plants.
Burbot, ber'^bot, n. A
fish shaped like an eel, haying
;

become smooth or glossy. n. The effect of bur- —

beards on the nose and chin. nishing; gloss ;Juster.
Burden, ber''dn, Bur'then, -tiien, n. That which is Burnoose, ber'^noos, n. loose hooded cloak forA
borne or carried; what is grievous, wearisome, or women, imitated from a garment of the Arabs.
oppressive; the contents or capacity of a ship. v.t. — Burr. See Bur.
[BURDENED (-dend), -DENING.] To lay a load upon; Burrow, ber''ro, n. A
hole in the ground made by
to oppress.— Bur''denous, -us, -some, -sum, a. Griev- rabbits, etc., for shelter. (Ifining.) Aheap or heaps
ous to be borne. —
Bur'densomely, adv. of rubbish. — r. t. [burrowed (-rod), -rowing.]
Burden, ber'dn, n. The verse repeated in a song; To excavate or lodge in a hole in the earth; to hide.
chorus; refrain; that which is often repeated; the Burse, bers, n. Orig., a purse; a fund to maintain
main topic. poor scholars; a student so maintained; a public
Burdock. See under Bur. meeting place for merchants an exchange. [Also ;

Bureau, bu''ro, n.; pZ. Bu''re.4.ux or -reaus, -roz. written hoursp..} —

Bur'sar, -ser, n. A cash-keeper;
Orig., a desk with drawers for papers; the place purser; a student to whom a stipend is paid.— Bur'-
where a bureau is used, or business transacted; a sary, -ser-T, n. The treasury of a college, etc. a ;

department for transaction of public business; the charitable foundation in a university.

body of subordinate officers under the direction of Burst, berst, v. i. [burst bursting.] To fly or ;

a department chief a chest of drawers for clothes, break open violently; to make any sudden change
—
;

etc. Bureaucracy, bu-ro''kra-sT, n. A system of from restraint, invisibility, absence, etc., to an oppo-
conducting government business by departments, site state; to issue by a sudden removal of obstacles;
each under a chief. to crack, split, sever. v. t. —
To break or rend vio-
Burg, berg, n. Orig., a fortified town a borough. ;
— lently; to open suddenly, —n. breaking forth; A
Burgess, ber-'jes, n. A freeman of a borough; a rep- disruption sudden explosion.
;

resentative or magistrate of, etc. — Burg''grave, Bur''- Burt, bert, n. Aflat fish of the turbot kind.
frave, n. In Ger., orig., one in command of a hurg Burthen. Sep Burden.
ut the title and domain became hereditary. Burgh, Bury, ber'T, n. A
borough manor; used as a term, ;

berg, n. Same as hurg and borough. Burgh'al, a. — of names of places, as, CantP.rhury. —v. t. [buried
Pert, to, etc. —
Burgh''er, n. An inhabitant of, etc. (ber''id), burying.] To conceal by covering; esp. ^to
am, fame, far, pass or opera, f^re ; Snd, eve, term ; TCn, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r ;

msm
 BUS 49 BYZANT
cover out of sight, as in a grave, the ocean, etc.; to hutts against the casing. The metal ring at the ends
hide in oblivion.— Bur'ial, -T-al, n. Act of burying; of fire-engine hose. v. i. To join at the butt, end, —
interment. —
Bur'ying-ground, -place, n. A grave- or outward extremity; to be bounded; to abut; to
yard; church-yarcl. thrust the head forward, —v. t. To strike by thrust-
Bus, bus, n. An omnibus. [Abbrev. fr. omnibus.] ing the head against. Butte, but or bit, n. An iso- —
Busby, buz'bT, n. A military cap or bear-skin. '
lated peak or abrupt elevation of land. Buftock, —
Bush, bush, 71. A thicket, or place abounding in trees; n. The rump, or protuberant part of the body be-
a branching shrub; a cluster of shrubs; a bushy hind. {Xaut.) The convexitj' of a .ship behind,
branch cut from a tree; a branch of ivy (as sacred under the stern.
to Bacchus); hence, a tavern sign, or the tavern it- Butt, but, n. A
pipe or large barrel, containing from
self.— V. i. To grow thick or bushv. v. t. To set — 108 to I2(J gallons.
bushes for, as for peas; to use a bush-harrow on, Butter, buffer, n. An oily, unctuous substance ob-
or for covering. —
Biish'y, -T, a. Full of bushes; tained fiom cream by churning. v. t. [buttered —
full and spreading, like a bush. Bash''inesB, n. — (-terd), -terixg.] To cover with butter. Bufter- —
— A
substitute for butter, made from ani-
Bush'^-beaji, n. The common, low garden-bean;
kidney-bean: French bean.
lar warfare in a woody country'.
fighfing, n. Irregu-
-har'^row, n.
— —
ine, -in, n.
mal fat oleomargarine.
; But'tery, -ter-T,
ing the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of but-
a. Hav- —
A harrow made of bushes, for covering — A
{Afjric.)
seeds, etc. —man, u. A settler in the backwoods of
ter. n.
ions, etc.
place for keeping butter, milk, provis-
a room in some colleges, etc., for the
;

Australia. {Geog.) One of a tribe of savages near

the Cape of Good Hope. whackier, n. One ac- — sale of refreshments
kept. —
Buftercup, n.
a cellar in which wine is
plant having bright yel-
;

A
customed to beat about bushes a raw country-
man; a scythe for cutting brush; one engaged in
;

—
low flowers crowfoot. fingered, -fln'gerd, a.
;

Apt to drop thingsras if from greasy fingers.

A
fly, ——
predatory excursions against an enemy. whack'- n. lepidopterous insect of different species.
ing, n. Traveling, or working a wav, through bush- -fly-valve, n. {Mech.) valve consisting of two A
es; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along
a stream; irregular or predatory warfare. rib. —
semi-circular clappers or wings hinged to a cross-
man, n. One who sells butter. milk, n. —
A
Bosh, bush, n. {Mach.)
into an orifice. v. t. —
metal ring or lining let
To furnish with a bush, or
—
it. —
Milk remaining after the butter is separated from
nut, n. An American tree and its fruit, which
—
line with metal.
hole; a thimble.
Bush'^ing, n. metal lining for a A contains oil; the nut of a South American tree,
called also the Savuari nut. scotch, n. candy — A
A
Bushel, bush-'el, n. A
dry measure, containing 8 made from sugar and butter. tree, ?i. tropical
gallons; "a vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in tree whose seeds yield a butter-like substance.
measuring; the circle of iron in the nave of a wheel. Butteris. See under Buttress.
— BusheKage, -ej, n. A
duty payable by the bushel. Buttock. See under Butt.
Busily, Business, etc. See under fiusY. Button, bufn, n. small ball; knob; a catch, to A
Busk, busk, n. thin A piece of metal, whalebone, or fasten together parts of dress, or to hold a door
wood, worn in corsets. closed a bud; germ of a plant. (Assaying.)
; A
Buskin, bus'kin, n. A
covering for the foot and leg, round mass of metal remaining in the cupel after
for hunters and actors in tragedy tragedy, as dis- fusion. —
r. t. [buttoxed (but'nd), -toxixg.] To
ting. fr. comedy.
;

fasten with, etc. r. i. To be fastened by, etc. — —

Buss, bus, n. A kiss;
a rude or playful kiss. two- A Bufton-hole, n. The hole in which a button is
masted herring-boat. «;. t. —
[bussed (bust), buss- caught. I', t. —
To hold by the button or button-
IXG.] To kiss. hole to detain in conversation to bore.
; mold, ;

Bust, bust, n. A
piece of statuary representing the -mould, -mold, n. disk of bone, wood, etc., which A
upper part of the human figure; the portion of the is made into a button by covering it with cloth. —
human figure between the head and waist. -wood, n. The North American plane-tree, produ-
Bustard, bus'tard, n. A
bird of the Ostrich family. cing rough balls the button-ball. ;

Bustle, bus'^l, V. i. [bustled (bus''ld), bustling.] I'd Buttress, buftress, n. (Arch.) projecting support A —
stir quickly, be very active. n. Great stir; tumult — to the exterior of a wall a prop. ;

from excitement. —
Bus'tler, n. r. t. To support by a buttress to ;

Bustle, bus'l, n. A
kind of cushion to expand ladies' prop. —
But'teris, -ter-is, n. (Far.)
skirts behind. An instrument to pare horses' hoofs.
Busy, biz''T, a. Engaged in business; occupied; con- Buxom, buks'um, a. Orig., obedient
stantly active; restless: active in what does not or yielding healthy jolly frolic-; ; ;

concern one; officious: pragmatical.— ?;, t. [busied some.

(biz'id), BUSYiN'G.] To make or keep busy, employ, Buy, bi, i\ t. [bought (bawt), buyixg.]
occupy. —
Business, biz-'nes, n. That winch busies To purchase to acquire by paying ;

one; employment; particular occupation for a liveli- for to procure by a consideration

;

hood or gain; traffic in general: concern; right or given. V. i. To negotiate about a

occasion of making one's self busy: affair; transac- purchase. Buy'er, n. —
tion; trade; profession; duty. Bus'inesslike, a. — Buzz, buz, V. i. [buzzed (buzd), buz-
Properly done; thorough; straightforward. Busy- zixG.] To make a low, continuous. ^
body, biz''I-bod-T, n. One who "officiously concerns humming sound, as bees to speak ;

himself with others' affairs, a meddling person. with a low, humming voice. v. t. —
But, but, })rep. & con?. Except besides unless save ; ; ; To make known by bvizzing to Buttress. ;

that ; were it not that otherwise than that that

; : spread, as report, by whispers. n. continuous; — A
not; only; solel}'; merely; on the contrary; on the humming noise whisper report spread cautiously^ ; ;

other hand ; yet still nevertheless.

; ; Buzzard, bui'erd, n. (Ornith.) A bird of prey, of the
But, n. and v. 'See Butt. falcon family. blockhead a dunce. A ;

Butcher, buch''er, n. One who slaughters animals By, bi, prep. Near or next to from one to the other side ;

for food one who kills cruelly one given to ; of past with, as instrument, means, way, etc.
;

— — —
;
'; ;

slaughter. f. «. [butchered (-erd), -erixg.] To through means of with aid of through. adv. ; ;

kill, as animals, for food; to murder, esp. barba- Near present passing near; going or gone past.
rously.— Butch ''ery, -er-T, n. Business of a butcher;
;

a. Out of the common path aside

;

in composi- ; ; —
great slaughter massacre. ; tion giving the meaning of something incidental,
Butler, bufler, n. A servant in charge of liquors, etc. collateral, or private.
Butt, But, but, n. The larger end, as of a piece of tim- Bye, bi, n. A
dwelling in certain games, the station ;

ber; an end; limit: bound: unplowedlandat the end of a player.

of a field; a mark to be shot at; object of aim; one By-law, lii'law, n. law of a city, town, corpora- A
at whom ridicule or contempt is directed a thrust ; tion, etc.
given in fencing or by the head of an animal; the Byzant, biz''ant, Byz''antine, -tin,??. (Niimis.) A gold
stoutest part of tanned ox-hides. ( Carp.) kind A coin, worth $2.5, coined at Byzantium. Byzantine, —
of hinge, screwed to the edge of the door, which bi-zan'tin or biz''an-tin, a. Pert, to Byzantium.
sttn, cube, full ; moon, f 66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboif, chair, get.
 50 CALAMITY

0.
C, se,the 3d letter in the English, alphabet, has 2 sounds, larva of the caddice-fly, — used as bait in fishing.—
one close (represented in the phonetic respellings in Cad' dice-fly, n. An" insect, frequenting marshy
this vocabulary by k), the other a sibilant (repre- places.
sented by s). The digraph ch has 3 sounds, the 1st Caddis, kad 'dis, n. A kind of worsted lace or ribbon.
as in church (represented by ch), the 2d as in chaise Caddy, kad'dl, n. A small box for keeping tea.
(represented by sh), the 3d as in chorus (represented Cade, kad, n. A barrel: cask.
by K). —
(Jlus.) C
after the clef is the mark of com- Cadence, ka'dens, n. A fall of the voice in reading
mon time, in which each measure is a semibreve, cor- or speaking a modulation of sound.
; iMil.) A
responding to 4-. C is also the name of a note in the uniform time and pace in marching. {Miis.) A
pause at the end of an air; a closing embellishment.
scale; the key note major, and the third minor, of — V. t. To regulate by musical measure.
the natural scale. —
C is used as a contr. for L. cen- Cadet, ka-det', n. {Mil.') A gentleman who serves as
tum, a hundred. a private, to obtain a commission; a j'oung man in a
Cab, kab, n. Abbr. of Cabkiolet, q. v. Hebrew —A military school.
dry measure of 2 5-6 pints. Cadew, ka-du', Cade-worm. Same as Caddice.
Cabal, ka-bal', n. A
number of persons united to pro- Cadi, ka'dl,n. ;p^. CA'Dis,-dlz. A Turkish local mag^
mote their private N'iews bj' intrigue: a junto; fac- istrate.
tion plot intrigue, r- v. i. [caballed (-bald'), Cadmean, kad-me'an, Cadmian, kad'mT-an, a. Pert
—
; ;

-BALLING.] To plot, conspire. Cabal', Cab'ala, to Cudmus, prince of Thebes, said to have intra
kab'a-la, n. Secret tradition, or a mysterious science duced into Greece 16 letters of the alphabet.
among Jewish rabbins; mysterj'. Cadmia, kad'ml-a, n. {Min.) An oxide of zinc: for-
CabaUine, kab'al-lin, a. Pert, to a horse. n. kind — A merly, the ore of zinc, called calamine. Cad'mium, —
of aloes, used in medicine for horses. n. CChem.) A white, ductile, and malleable metal
Cabas, ka'ba, ?i. A reticule; satchel. related to zinc. —
Cal'amine, -min, n. Silicate, for-
Cabbage, kab'ei,
which is edible. — A garden
n. vegetable, the head of
To form a head in growing.
v. i.
merly' carbonate, of zinc.
Caduceas, ka-du'se-us, n. (JI>/th.) Mercury's rod, —
Cabbage, kab'ej, V.t [cabbaged (-ejd), -baging.] lo a wand entwined by serpents, and sur-
purloin. n. Cloth retained by tailors when cut- mounted by wings.
ting out garments. Caducous, ka-du'kus, a. {Bat.) Falling
Cabin, kab'in, n. A
small room a cottage; hut; an off quickly or easily.
— —
;

apartment in a ship. v. i. [cabined (-ind), cab- Caesar, se'zar, n. An emperor. esp. of

ining.] To live in a cabin, lodge. v. t. To con- — Germany, as being the successor of Au-
fine in a cabin. fustus Caesar and the Roman emperors ;
Cabinet, kab'in-et, n. A
small room; closet; room for aiser. —
Caesa'rean, Cesa'rean, a. Pert,
consultations secret council of a government a
; ; to Csesar. —
Cesarean section. {Surg.) An
piece of furniture with drawers and doors; a place incision through the parietes of the ab-
— domen and uterus, to extract the fetus.
for valuables. Gab'inet-coun'cil, -kown'sil, n. Con-
fidential council of a prince, etc.
maker of furniture a joiner. ;
marker, n. — A Caesura, se-zu'ra or -su'ra, n. ; E. pi. C^'e-
su'ras, -raz L. pi. -e.e, -re. (Pros.)
: A
Cable, ka'bl, n. A rope or chain to retain a vessel at pause or division in a verse a separation, ;

anchor, suspend weights, contain and protect a tel- by ending of a word or pause in the sense,
egraph wire, etc. r. t. —
To fasten with a cable. v. — of syllables rj'thmicalljr connected.
i. and t. To telegraph through a cable. Ca'ble- — Cafe, kaf'a, n. A coffee-house; lunch-room.
gram, n. A
message sent through a telegraphic ca- —Caffeic, -fe'ik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or obtained
ble.— Cables-length. 720 feet. fr., coffee. —
Caffeine, -fe'in. ;;. white, bitter, A
Caboose, ka-boos', n. (Xaut.) galley, or cook-house A crystallizable substance, obtained from, etc.
on deck; a box covering the chimney in a ship. A Cag, kag, ?i. A
small cask or barrel; keg.
railroad tool-car. Cage, kaj, ?i. A
box or inclosure, for confining birds,
Cabriolet, kab'rT-o-la, n. one-horse two-seated car- A animals, criminals, etc. (Mining.) hoist for rais- A
riage with calash top, and covering for the legs. ing ores, persons, etc., from a pit. v. t. [caged —
Cacao, ka-ka'o or ka'ko, n. The chocolate tree of So. (kajd), caging.] To confine in a cage.
Amer. and the W. Indies. Caiman. See Cayman.
Cachalot, kash'a-lot, n. The sperm whale. Caique, ka'ek or ka-ek', n. A Turkish skiff or light
Cachexy, ka-kek'sT, n. depraved condition of the A boat.
system. — Cachec'tic, -tical, a. Cairn, karn, n. A rounded or conical pile of stones.
Cachinnation, kak'in-na-shun, n. Loud or immod- Caisson, kas'son, n. (Mil.) A chest containing am-
erate laughter. munition ; wagon for conveying militarj' stores.
Cackle, kak'l.r. i. [cackled (kak'ld), cackling.] To (Arch.) A wooden frame used in submarine Ijuild-
make a noise like a goose or hen; to laugh yith a ing: a panel sunk below the surface.
broken noise, giggle to talk Caitiff, ka'tit, n. A mean, despicable person. — a.
in a silly manner, prattle.
;

— Base vile.:

n. The noise of a hen, etc.; Cajeput, kaj'e-put, n. An essential oil from the East
silly talk. Indies.
Cactus, kak'tus, n. ; pi. Cac'- Cajole, ka-joi'. v. t. [cajoled (-jold'), cajoling.}
TUSES, -ez, or C a c ^ 1 1, -ti. To deceive or delude by flattery: to wheedle, coax,
A genus of tropical Amer- entrap. — Cajo'lery, -ler-t, n. A wheedhng; coaxing
ican plants, ha'V'ing thick, language; flattery.
fleshy stems, often armed Cake, kak, n. A composition of flour, butter, sugar,
with spines. etc., baked: a mass of matter concreted and flattened.
Cad, kad, n. In Eng., the con- —r. i. and t. [caked (kakd), caking.] To form
ductor of an omnibus an ; into a cake, or mass.
errand-boy; a low-bred, ob- Calabash, kal'a-bash, n. The fruit of the calabash tree
trusive fellow; a snob. a large gourd; a vessel made from the shell, etc.
Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, a. —Cal'abash tree. A
tree of tropical America.
Resembling a corpse pale; ; Calaboose, kal-a-boos', n. A prison jail. ;

wan; ghastly. Calamine. See under Cadmia.

Caddice, -dis, kad'dis, n. The Cactus.
Calamity, ka-lam'T-tt, n. A
great misfortune or cause

am, fame, far, paaa or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; Cdd, tone, Qr
 CALAMUS 51 CAMBRIC
of misery disaster mishap mischance. Calam'i- — wound, with a calk, — said of a
horse, etc. n. — A
; ;

tons, -T-tus, a. Suffering, or producing, calamity ;

;

point on a shoe, to prevent slipping. Calk'er, —

deplorable grievous.; —
Calam'itouslyi^ adv.— Ca- Calk''in, Caulk, Cork. Same as Calk, n.
lam'itoosness, n Call, kawl, V. t. [called (kawld), c.a.llixg.] To in-
Calamus, kal'a-mus, ?i. ; ;j?. -mi, -mi. {Bot.') Indian vite or command to come or oe present to con- ;

cane, a plant ol the palm family also, the sweet flag. voke, summon, bid; to give a name to; to desig-
[L.] — Calainif''erous, -er-us, a.
;

Producing reeds. nate as for office, duty, etc.; to utter loudly. v. i. —

Calash, ka-lash', n. A light carriage with low wheels, To speak loudlj', crj' out to make a brief visit.
;
—
having a lop that can be raised or lowered, and n. A vocal address of summons or invitation; a
often a movable front, making it either an open or public demand requisition; a divine summons; a
;

close carriage; also, a Canadian two- wheeled vehi- short visit. (Himfiny.) A
note blown on a horn.
cle; a hood of a carriage which can be thrown back; iNaut.) A
whistle to summon sailors to dutj'.
a hood-like head-co\'ering. (Fowling.) A
noise in imitation of a bird; a pipe
Calcify, Calcine, etc. See under Calx. to call birds by imitating their voice. Call'ing, a. —
Calculate, kaKku-lat, v. t. To ascertain by arithmet- A summons; occupation; vocation; business.
ical or mathematical processes, or by recKoning pe- Calla, kal'la, n. A
<j^eniis of plants.
culiarities or circumstance.^ to fit by adaptation of Calligraphy, kal-lig'ra-fl, n. Fair or elegant penman-
means to theto compute, estimate, rate.
end ;
;

— .ship.— Oallig'raphist, -fist, n. An elegant penman.

v.i. To make a calculation. [Improperly used for Calliope, kal-li'o-pe, n. (Myth.) The muse presiding
intend or purpo.''C'.] —
Calculable, a. Capable of be- over eloquence and heroic poetry. An organ whose
ing, etc. —
Calcula^'tion, n. Art, act, or result of, tones are produced h\ steam instead of wind a ;

etc. —CaKculative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. Calcu- — steam-whistle on locomotives, etc.
lator, -ter, )(. One who, etc. Callisthenics. See Causthenics.
Calculus, kal'ku-lus, w. ; pi. -li, -li. (3fed.) solid A Callow, kaKo, a. Destitute of feathers; naked.
concretion in the body, usually in the organs that Callus, kal'lus, n. (Med.) Any preternatural hard-
act as reservoirs, and in the excretory canals. ness in the body, csp. of the skin; new growth of
(Math.) A
method of computation ; one of the osseous matter uniting fractured bones. [L.] Cal'- —
branches of mathematics.— CaKculous, -lus, «. Like lous, -lus, a. Hardened indurated obdurate ; un-
— ; ;

stone; hard; gritty affected with stone or gravel.

; feeling. CaKlously, adv. CaKlousness, n. —
Caldron, kawl'^run, n. A
large metal kettle or boiler. Calm, kiim, a. Not stormy; undisturbed by passion;
Calefacient, Jcal-e-fa'shent, a. Making warm; heat- still; tranquil; serene; placid. n. Freedom from —
ing. —
n. (Med.) A
substance that excites warmth. motion, agitation, or disturbance. v. t. [calmed —
— Cal^'ety, -&, v. i. To grow warm. — v. t. To make (kamd), calming.] To render still or quiet; to ap-
warm. pease, compose, assuage.
Calendar, kaKen-dar, n. An arrangement of the di- Calomel, kaKo-mel, n. (Chem.) A mild chloride of
visions of time, as days, weeks, months, etc. an mercury, used as a medicine.
almanac an enumeration of persons or things.
;

— Caloric, ka-lor-'ik, 7i. (Physics.) The principle of

'
;

V. t. To enter in a calendar. a. Contained in, or — heat; agent to which phenomena of heat and com-
according to, etc. Calendar month. month ac- A bustion are ascribed. —
Caloricity, -is''T-tt, h. Fac-
cording to the common or Gregorian calendar, as ulty of developing heat, —
esp. in animals, to with-
given in almanacs. —
C. year. A Gregorian year, or
^
'

stand cold. —
Calorific, a. Able to produce heat;
year of our Lord, ending Dec. ol. heating.
Calender, kaKen-der, n. A machine or hot-press, to Calumet, kal'u-met, n. A pipe used by American In-
make cloths, paper, etc., smooth and glossy or wavy; dians as a symbol of peace and war.
one who calenders; one of a sect of Eastern der- Calumny, kal'um-nt, n. False accusation; defama-
vises, named from the founder. — v. t. [calen- tion; slander. — Calurn'mate, -nT-at, «. To accuse 1'.

dered (-derd), -dering.] To press between rollers. falsely and knowingly, asperse, vilify, traduce.—
Calf, kaf, n. ; pi. Calves, kavz. The young of the cow; Calum'nia''tion, n. False accusation. — Calum''ui-
an ignorant, stupid person a small island near a ; ator, -ter, n. —
Calum^nious, -nl-us, a. Containing
larger one; a mass of ice attached to an iceberg. or implj'ing. etc.
Calve, kav, v. t. To bring forth a calf. Calvary, 'kaKva-rT, n. A
place of skulls; esp. the
Calf, kaf, n. The fleshy part of the leg behind, below place of Christ's crucifixion a Roman Catholic ;

. the knee. chapel containing representations of Christ's pas-

Caliber, Calibre, kaKY-ber, ??. Diameter of a round sion-and death.
body, as of a bullet, or of the bore, as of a cannon Calve. See under Calf.
or tube; mental capacity. CaKipers, — Calvinism, kaKvin-izm, n. The theological doctrines of
-perz, Cal'iper-com'passes, n. pi. Com- Calvin and his followers.
passes with curved legs, for measuring Calx, kalks, n. ; E.231. Calx''es, -ez; L. pi. Cal'^ces,
the caliber of round bodies. kaKsez. (Chem.) Earthy residuum remaining after
Calico, kaKt-ko, n. ; pi. -coes, -koz. the calcination of a metal or mineral. Calcareous, —
Plain white cotton cloth; printed cot- -ka-'rTf-us, a. Of or containing, carbonate of lime.
ton cloth, coarser than muslin. a. — — Cal''cic,-sik,a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from
Made of, etc. resembling, etc., said — calcium. — Calciferous, -sifer-us, a. Containing
;

of a horse, etc., having patches of carbonate of lime. —

Cal'ciform, a. In the form of
color different from the general color. chalk or lime. —
CaKcify. -fi, v. i. and t. To change
Caliduct, kal'TC-dukt, n. pipe to con- A into a stony confUtion, in which lime is a princi-
vey heat; acaloriduct. Calipers.
pal ingredient. —
Calcine, kal-sin' or kaKsTn.
Caligo, ka-li'go, w. {Pathol.) Dimness of [CALCiNED_(-sind'' or -sTnd), -cining], also CaKci-
sight, from a speck onthe cornea; the speck itself. nate, -sT-nat, v. t. To reduce to powder or a friable
— Affected with darkness
Caliginous, -lii''t-nus, a. state, by the action of heat: to oxidize, as a metal.
or dimness; dark. — V. i. "To be converted into a powder, etc.
Caligraphy. See Calligraphy. Calyx, ka/lix, n. : E. pi. Ca'lyxes; L.jil. Cal'yces,
Calipash, KaKl-pash, n. Part of a turtle belonging to kaKT-sez. (Bot.) The outer covering of
the upper shell, containing a gelatinous substance of a flower.
a greenish tinge. —
Cal'ipee'i n. Part belonging to Cam, kam,w. (Much.) A projecting part*
the lower shell, of a yellowish color. of a wheel, etc., giving an alternating
Caliph, Calif, ka'lif n. Successor or vicar,
, a title — motion to a piece pressing against it.
of the successors of Mohammed. Camber, kam^ber, n. (Arch.) An arch or
Calisthenic, kal-is-then'ik, a. Pert, to calisthenics. convexity on the top of a beam, or of an
Cal'isthen'ics, n. sing. Art, science, or practice of aperture.
healthful bodily exercise. Camboge. See Gamboge.
Calk, kawk, v. t. [calked (kawkt), calking.] To drive Camboose, kam-boos', n. (Naut.) A cook-
oakum into the seams of, as of a ship, to prevent room.
leaking; to put sharp points upon the shoes of, to Cambrel. See Gambrel. Calvx
prevent slipping on ice, —
said of a horse or ox; to Cambric, kam'brik, n. A fine, white fabric •' '

siin, cube, fyll ; moon, f(J&t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CAME 52 CANON
of flax or linen; a cotton fabric, in imitation of linen a. Like, consisting of, or affected witli. cancer.
cambric. Cancriform, kan''krt-f6rm. a. Crab-shaped like a :

Came. See Come. cancer; cancero'us. —

Cancrine, kan^krin. a. Having
Camel, kam'el, n. A ruminant quadruped, used in the qualities of a crab. Canker, kan'ker, n. An —
Asia and Africa for carrj'ing bur- ulcer in the mouth anything that corrupts or cor-
;

dens. {Naut.) A contrivance for rodes. (Hort.) A

disease in trees. (Far.) A disease
lifting ships over shoals. Cam''- — of horses' feet. The dog-rose a caterpillar. v. t. ;
—
ers-hair, a. Made of camel's hair. [-KERED (-kerd), -kerixg.] To corrode, eat, cor-
— Cam''let, Carn'olot, -e-lot, n. A rupt, infect. i. — V.
To become venomous; to waste
cloth, orig. of camel's hair, now of away, grow rustj'.
wool or goat's hair with silk or Candelabrum. See under Candle.
thread. Candid, kan'did, a. Orig. white free from bias im- ; :

Camellia, ka-meKya, n. A genus of narv^pi

uamei.
partial open frank equitable.
; ; Can'dent. o. ; —
evergreen shrubs. Heated to Nv_hiteness glowing with heat. — Can'- ;

Camelopard, ka-mel'o-pard or kanT'el-, n. (Zool.) A didate, -dT-dat, n. One who seeks or is proposed tor
ruminant, long-necked, African quadruped; the gi- otfice or preferment. Can'dor, -der, n. Freedom —
raffe. fr. prejudice or disguise; sincerity.
Cameo, kani'e-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. A precious stone or a Candle, kan'^dl, n. Tallow, wax, "spermaceti, paraf-
shell carved in relief. fine, etc., inclosing a wick, and used to furnish
Camera, kam'e-ra, n. (Arch.) A vaulted roof or ceil- light.— Can^dle-coal, n. A bright-burning coal can-
ing. The camera obsciira. —
Cam'^era Lu'cida, -lu''-
sl-da. (Opt.) An instrument which reflects a pic-
nel-coal. —
light, n. The light of, etc.
brum, n. ; L. pi. -bra, -bra, E. )>l. -brums.
Candela''-
tall can-
—
A
:

ture that may be traced on paper, etc. — C. Obscura. dle-stick; stand for supporting lamps; chandelier.
-ob-sku'ra. An apparatus which reflects external [L.] —
Chandelier, slian-de-ler'', n. frame with A
images, received through a lens, upon a wliite sur- branches for candles or other lights. [F.] Chand- —
face within a darkened chamber. ler, chand'ler, n. One who makes or sells candles,
Camisade, kam-T-sad'', -sado, -sa''do, n. (Mil.) shirt A also other commodities indicated by a word pre-
worn over a soldier's unitorm, for recognition in the fixed, as corn-chandler, ship-chandler.
dark; an attack by surprise at night. Cam''isole, — Candy, kan'dY, r. t [candied (-did), -dying.] Tocon-
-sol, n. A
waistcoat; dressing- jacket; sti'aight-jacket. serve or boil in sugar; to form into crystals, as sugar.
Camlet. See under Camel. — V. i. To change into, or become impregnated, or
Camomile, Chamomile, karn'o-mil, n. A
bitter plant, covered with, sugar; to be formed into crystals. —
used in medicine. n. A preparation of sugar or sirup ; a confection
Camp, kamp, n. Ground containing tents, huts, etc., of sugar.
for shelter; company of persons encamped in the Cane, kan, n. (Bot.) A
plant of several species, in-
same spot. r. t— [camped (kampt), c.4mping.] To cluding reeds, as bamboo, rattan, etc., also sugar-
afford lodring for, as an army, travelers, etc. v. i. — cane. A
reed; walking-stick; staff; a lance made of
To rest orTodge;_to pitch tents, etc.; to encamp. cane. r. t. —[caned (kand), caning.] To beat
Campaign, kam-pan'', n. A large, open plain an ; with, etc.; to make or furnish with, etc.
extensive tract without hills. (Mil.) The time that Canicula, ka-nik'u-la, Canicule, kan-'I-kul, Ji. (Astron.)
an armj' keeps tlie field. ( U. S. Politics^ The con- A star in the constellation of Canis Major the Dog-
test for an election; a canvass. v. i. —
To serve in a star, or Sirius.
;

campaign. Canine, ka-nin', a. Pert, to dogs having the quali- :

Campaniform, kam-panT-form, a. (Bot.) In the ties of a dog. —

Canine teeth. The pointed teeth, be-
shape of a bell. — CampanoKogy, -jT. n. Art of ring- tween the incisors and grinders, resembling a dog's —
ing bells; a treatise on it. — Cam'panile, -ne'la, ii. teeth. See Tooth.
(Arch.) A bell-tower. Canister, kan''is-ter, n. A basket of rushes, reeds,
Campestral, kam-pes'tral, -trian, -trt-an, a. Pert, to, etc.; a case for holding tea, coffee, etc.
or growing in a field, or open ground. Canker. See under Cancer.
Camphene, -pMne, kam-fen', n. (Chem.) Pure oil of Cannabin, -bine, kan''na-bin, n. (Chem.) Apoison-
turpentine. ous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis Indica),
Camphor, kam'fer, ?i. The solidified sap of an East giving hasheesh its narcotic effects.
Indian laurel tree. — Cam^phire, -fir,_n. Obs. spell- Cannel-coal, kan'nel-kol, n. A hard black coal, which
ing of camphor. — Cam^phorate, -fer-at, i-. t. To im- burns with a clear flame.
pregnate with, etc. Cannibal, kan-'nt-bal, n. One who eats human flesh ;

Cam-wood, kam'wcJbd, n. A hard, red d3'e-wood, from a man-eater.

Sierra Leone. Cannon, kan'un, n. A hollow metal cylinder closed
Can, kan, n. A cup or vessel for liquids. —
v. t. [canned
(kand), canning.] To preserve in cans, as fish', veg-
etables, etc. —
Can^akin, -nikin, n. A little can.
Can, kan, i-. i. {imp. could.] To be able; to have power.
Canaille, ka-naK or ka'na'y', 71. The lowest class of
people; the rabble; vulgar; shorts, or low grades of
flour.
Canal, ka-naK, n. An artificial water-course, esp. one
for boats. (Anat.) A
duct for the passage of liquids
A, cascabel; B, first re-en- of the muzzle; F, trunn-
or solids.
Canard, kan-ar' or kan-ard'', n. An extravagant fabri- force C, second re-en- ion G, rim-base a. base-
; ; ;

cation. [F.] force; D, chase; E, swell ring; 6, base of the breech.

Canary, ka-na'rY, ?i. Wine made in the Canary Isles. at one end, for throwing balls by the force of gun
— Gana''ry-bird, -herd, n. A
singing bird of the powder. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece, inclos
finch family, native in, etc. ing a revolving shaft. Cannonade, -ad', w. Act of—
Cancan, kaN-kaN or kan-'kan, n. Scanda-l; tittle-tat- attacking with balls from cannon, — r. t. To attack
tle; an indecent French dance. [F.] with artillery. — r. i. To discharge cannon.
Cancel, kan''sel, i\ t. [canceled (-seld), -celing.] Cannot, kan 'not. To be unable, [can and not, usu-
To cross and deface the lines of, blot out, destrov, ally united in writing and printing.]
obliterate, erase, abrogate, do away. (Print.) To Cannular, kan'u-lar, a. Having the form of a tube ;
suppress and reprint, —w. (Print.) The suppression tubular.
and reprinting of a part of a work; the part thus al- Canny, kan'nY, Gentle; cautious; harmless; ^ood.
a.
tered. Canoe, ka-noo', n. A
boat formed of a tree trunk ex-
Cancer, kan'sgr, n. The crab. (A^ttron.) A sign in cavated or of bark or skins.
the zodiac, denoting the northern limit of the sun's Canon, kan'un, n. A law or rule, esp. an ecclesias-
course. (Med.) A livid, scirrhous tumor, usually tical law, or rule of doctrine or discipline the gen- ;

terminating in an -ulcer, and rarely cured.— Oancer- uine books of the Scriptures a catalogue of saints.
—
;

a'tion. n. A
growing cancerous. Can'cerous, -us. (Mus.) A
continued fugue a round. One who ;

ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — y — ;

OANON 53 CAPITAi,
holds a prebi'iid in a ca- — Can'vas-back, n. A species of sea-duck, named

Aa
thedral, etc. O'riiit.) The from tlie markings of its plumage. Can^'vaas, v. t. —
largest size of type having [CAXVA-SSED (-vast),-VASSiNG.] To sif t, strain, exam-
a specific name" former- — ine thoroughly, discuss, debate; to go through in the
ly used for printing the waj' of solicitation, —i-. i. To solicit votes or inter-
canons of the church. — est. n. — Close inspection to know the state of: ex-
Caii''one8S, «. A woman amination in the way of discussion a solicitation
prebend. — —
;

who eniovs a p,.,„ „ .r,.„„

C*""" ^-^Pe or effort to obtain something. Can'vasser, n. One
Canon'ic. -ical. «. Pert, to who solicits votes or subscriptions, or examines re-
a canon: according to the canon or rule. Canon '- — turns of votes. _
ically, adv. —
Canon'icalness, ?;.— Canon'icals, -alz, Canyon. See Canon^
n. pi. Full clerical dress.— Canon''icate. -ik-at, Can'- Caoutchouc, koo'chook, n. An elastic substance, ob-
onry, -rl, -onsMp, n. The oitice of a canon. Can- — tained fr. the juice of several tropical plants; India
onicity, -is'T-tl, n. State of belongins to the canon, rubber; gum elastic.
or genuine books of Scripture; canonicalness.— Can'- Cap, kap, 7i. A covering for the head; a cover; top. r. —
onist, n. A professor of canon law. Canonisfic, a. — t. [c.\i'i"ED(kapt), CAi'riNG.] To cover the top or end
Pert, to a canonist.— Can'onize. -Tz, v. t. [-!ZED(-Izd), of: to render coiii^|)lete, consummate; to provide with
-IZI.VG.] {Rom. Cutli. Chiinli.) To place upon the a cap. —
Cape, kap, ?j. Part of a garment, covering
catalogue of saints. —
Canoniza'tion. n. Ceremonj' the shoulders; a cloak. —
Caparison, ka-par'T-sun, n.
or act of placing one di.ceusud in the catalogue of The covering of a horse trappings gay clothing.
saints state of being canonized. Can'on law. — — v.t. [-S0NED (-sund), -so.N'iXG.]
;

Tq_cover with,
;

—
;

(E'cl.) The law sanctioned by the church of Rome. etc.; to dress. Capoch, -pouch, ka-pooch', n.
— A
Canon, Canyon, kan''ynn, n. gorge, ravine, or A monk's hood the hood of a cloak. v. t. To cover
;

gulch, worn by streams. with a hood; to hoodwink or blind. Capote. -of, —

Canopy, kan'o-pT, n. A covering over a throne, bed, n. Along cloak for women a hooded cloak for sol- ;

etc., or overhead. (Ardi.) An ornamental projec- diers, sailors, etc. [F.] — Cap'-achin'', -u-shen'', n.
tion over doors, windows, niches, etc. v. t. [caxo- — A Franciscan monk, whose dress includes a cowl
PiED (-pid), -rYi.vG.] To cover with, etc. a hooded cloak for women; a kind of pigeon.
Cant, kant, v. t. To incline, or place upon edge, as a Capable, ka'pa-bl, a. Possessing ability, qualifica-
cask: to give a sudden turn or impulse to; to cut off tion, or susceptibility; able; fitted; effective; skill-
an angle from. —
n. An inclination from a horizon- ful. —
Capability, Ca'pableness, n.
tal line a thrust, push, etc., with a jerk.
; Cantle, — Capacious, ka-pa'shus, a. Havino; capacity: spacious;
kan'tl, w. A fragment, corner, or edge of anything; extended;havingability to take large views of things;
the hind-bow of a saddle. —
Canflet, n. A piece. — broad comprehensive Uberal.
; Capa''ciousness,
; —
Cant'hook, n. A lever with a hook at the end, for n. —Capacitate, -pas''I-tat. v. t. To render capable,
canting, or turning over, heavy logs. qualify. —
Capac'lty, -tT, n. Power of receiving or
Cant, kSnt, v. i. To speak in a whining voice, or an af- containing; extent of room or space; ability; element
fected, singing tone; to make whining pretensions to of power condition or circumstances character.
; :

—
goodness. a. An affected mode of speaking; a word {Laiv.) Aptitude or qualification, as of age, resi-
or phrase hackneyed, corrupt, or peculiar to some dence, etc. {Geom.) The solid contents of a body.
profession; religious phraseologj'; secret language of Cap-Ji-pie, kap'a-pe'. From head to foot. [OF.]
gypsies, thieves, beggars, etc. a. Affected, inele- — Caparison. See under Cap.
gant, vulgar, —
said of language. Cape, kap, n. Part of a garment covering the shotilders.
Can't, kant. A
colloq. cont£. lor can not. A neck of land extending into the sea a headland. ;

Cantaleup, -loupe, kan'ta-loop, n. varietj' of musk- A Capellet, kap'el-et, n. {Far.) wen-like swelling on A
melon. a horse's hock.
Cantalever, kan''ta-lev-er, Cantilever, kan'tt-, n. Caper, ka'per, r. i. To leap or jump about, spring,
{Arch.) A bracket to support dance. )i. — A
frolicsome leap; a skip: jump.
a balcony, eaves of a house, etc. Caper, ka-'per, n. {Bot.) The flower-bud or unex-
Cantankerous, kan-tan'ker-us, a. panded flower of the caper-bush, used for pickling.
^'ery vile or bitter perverse : Capias, ka''pl-as, «. {Law.) writ or process ordering A
malicious contentious.
; Can- — ;

the arrest of the person named in it writ of capias. ;

tan'kerousness, n. Capillary, kap'il-la-rl or ka-piKla-rt, a. Resembling

Cantata, kan-tii'ta or -ta'ta, n. a hair; long and slender; pert, to capillary tubes or
{Mus.) A poem set to music.
/- +
Cantalever. i
vessels. — CAPITALS.
— Cantab'tle, -T-la, Cantilena, -te-la'na, n. A piece Cap'illa-
suited for singing a melody. [It.] ; Can'ticle, -ti- — r n. , A
ki, n. A little song; pi. tlie Song of Solomon, a book fine vessel
of the Old Testament. —
Can'tillate, v. t. To chant. or canal ;

Can'to, n. ; pi. C.a.n"''tos. -toz. A chief division, or esp. one of

book, of a poem. ( J/».<.) The soprano, or highest part. the ves-
[It.] — Can'tor, n. _The leader of a choir; precentor. sels con-
Canteen, -tine, kan-ten', n. A soldier's vessel for car- n e c t i ng
rying liquor. —
Cantiniere, -ten''yar, n. female A arteries
sutler; a vivandiere. [F.] and veins.
Canter, kan'ter, 71. An easy gallop. v. i. [cax- — Capital,
TEKED, (-terd), -TERixr;.] 'To inove, as a horse, in kap ' t-tal,
a canter. — i\ t. To ride upon, etc. a. Pert, to
Cantharis, kan'tha-ris, n. ; pi. -thaeides, -thSr't-dez. the head;
(Entom.) A coleopterous insect or beetle, used for involving
blistering; Spanish fly. forfeiture
Canticle, Canto, Cantor, etc. See under Cantata. of the head
Cantle, Cantlet. See under Cant. or life: first
Canton, kan'ton or kan-ton', 71. A small portion of i n impor-
territory, constituting a government; a part, or di- t anc e .

vision. — V. t. [CAXTOXED (kan''tond or kan-tond'), n. {Arch.) Tuscan.

Corinthian.
-toning.] To
divide into districts or portions: to The head
allot separate quarters to, as to troops. Can'tonal, —
a. Pert, to, or divided into, etc. Can'tonize, r. t. —
To divide into, etc. Can'tomnent, n. — division A
of a town, etc., assigned to particular troops.
Canton flannel.Jsee Cotton-flannel, under Cotton.
Cantoon, kan-toon-', n. A
kind of strong fustian.
Canvas, kan'vas, n. A
coarse cloth of nemp or flax,
Doric Ionic.
for tents, sails, painting, etc.; the sails of a vessel.

stin, ciibe, full ; moon, f(5&t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, iiien, boNboir, chair, get.
 CAPITOL 54 CARD
metropolis; a stock employed in trade, maniifactures, — Captivity, -tiv'T-tT, n. State of being a prisoner
etc.; means of increasing one's power; influence. orunder control; subjection.— Cap'tor, -tSr, n. One
(Print.) A
letter such as is used at the beginning who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. [L.] — Capture,
of a sentence or proper name, and distinguished by kap'chur, n. Act of taking by force; seizure; thing
form or size .
^-p^ taken. — v. t. To take by force, surprise, or stratagem.
from the lower ABCDJi<r ABCDEF Capuchin. See under Cap.
Caput Mortuum, ka'put-mor'tu-um. Residuum of dis-
thf sime 'tyle* ^^P^*^^^" ^'"'^^^ ^^P^'^^^" tillation or sublimation worthless residue.:

{Fort.) The
line bisecting the salient angle of a rav- Car, kar, n. A small vehicle moved on wheels; a rail-
elin. See Ravelix. —
Cap-'italist, n. man of A road carriage; a chariot of war. —
Carry, kSr-'i-T, v.
large property. —
Cap^italize, -iz, v. t. To convert t. [CAPtEiED (-rid), CARRYING.] To Convey or trans-
into capital, as money or stock to commence with ; port to bear, cause to move forward, urge, im-
a capital letter. —
Cap''italiza''tion, n. Act of con-
;

pel; to transfer from one place to another; to effect,

verting, etc. use of capital letters. Cap'itally, — accomplish; to obtain possession of by force to
—
;
;

adv. Capita'tion, n. A
numbering of persons ; bear the aspect of, exhibit, imply; to behave, con-
a tax upon each head poll-tax capitation tax. ; duct, demean. — v. t. To convey
or propel; to bear.
—
;

Capitol, kap'T-tol, n. The temple of Jupiter, in Rome; Car''riage, -rij, n. Act of carrying; that which
the edifice occupied by a legislature; government- carries; a vehicle; manner of carrving one's self: de-
house. meanor; conduct. —
Car'^riageable, -rij-a-bl, a. Pass-
Capitular, ka-pit'u-lar. a. Pert, to a chapter. {Bot.) able by carriages. —
Car'rier, -rl-er, )i. Car'iole,
Growing in small heads, as dandelions. Capif- — -T-ol, n. A —
small open carriage. Car'ry-all, -rT-awl,
ular, -ulary, -u-la-rt, ji. An act passed in a chapter n. A light, four-wheeled one-horse covered vehicle.
of knights, canons, etc.; a collection of laws or — Cart, kart, n. A
two-wheeled vehicle for loads. —
statutes a member of a chapter.
; Capit'iilary, a. — V. t. —
To carry in, etc. Carfage, v. Act of, etc. ;
Pert, to the chapter of a cathedral. Capifulate, — price paid for, etc. —
Carfer, n. —
Cart-wright, -rit,
-u-lat, V. i. To svirrender on stipulated terms, as n. A maker of, etc.
an army, etc. — Capifula'tion, n. A reducing to Carack, Carrack, kSr-'ak, n. A
large ship of burden,
heads or articles act of surrendering, etc. an in- formerly used by the Portuguese.
—
; ;

strument containing the terms of surrender. Ca- Caracole, kar'a-kSl, ?i. A half turn made by a horse-
piVula'^tor, n. man. (Arch.) A
spiral staircase. v.i. *To move —
Capivi, ka-pe''Te, n. A balsam. in, etc. to wheel.
;

Capoch, Capouch, Capote. See under Cap. A glass decanter.

Carafe, ka-raf ', n.
Capon, ka'pn or ka'pun, n. A cock gelded to im- Caragheen. See Caerageex.
prove his flesh forjthe table. Caramel, kar'a-mel, (Chem.) A black, porous sub-
?i.

Caponiere, kap-o-ner', m. (Fort.) A work placed in stance obtained by heatino; sugar to about 400'^. A
a ditch for its defense by fire-arms; often serving as confection made of chocolate, butter, and molasses
a covered passage-way. or sugar.
Caporal, kap''o-ral, n. A
kind of smoking tobacco. Carapace, kSr'a-pas, Car''apax, n. A thick shell, cov-
Capot, ka-pot', n. A
winning of all the tricks of ering the turtle's back; upper shell of crabs, etc.
cards at the game of jpiquet. Carat, kar''at, n. A
jewelers' weight of 4 grains,
Capreolate, kap''re-o-lat, a. (Bat.) Having tendrils, used in weighing precious stones; a l-24th part, a —
or spiral clasjiers. denomination used in determining the proportionate
Caprice, ka-pres', n. Sudden or unreasonable change fineness of gold, which is supposed to be divided
of mind; fickleness; freak; whim ; vagary. Capri- into 24 equal parts.
cious, -prish'^us, a. Governed by caprice; unsteady; Caravan, kar'a-van or kSr-a-van', n. company of A
captious. —
Capri''ciously, adv. travelers, pilgrims, etc., traveling togpfher for se-
Capricorn, kap'rl-k6rn, n. (Astron.) The 10th sign curity; a large carriage on springs, or train of car-
of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter riages, for conveying wild beasts, etc. Caravan''- —
solstice,about Dec. 21st. sary, -sa-rT, -serai, -se-rl, n. An Eastern inn, where
Capsicum, kap'st-kum, n. A genus of plants produ- caravans rest at night.
cing red or Cayenne pepper.— Cap''sicine, -sT-sin, n. Caraway, kSr'a-wa, n. (Bot.) A
biennial aromatic
{Chem.) The active principle of, etc. plant of the parsley family, and its seed. sweet- A
Capsize, kap-siz'', v. t. [-sized (-sizd'), -sizing]. To meat containing caraway seeds.
upset or overturn, as a vessel. n. An overturn. — Carbine, kar-'bin. Carabine, kar-'a-bln, n. (3Iil.) A
Capstan, kap'stan, n. (Naut.) machine to weigh A light musket used by mounted troops.
anchor or draw up great weights, Carbon, kar'bon, n. (Chem.) An elementary sub-
operating with a cable wound stance, forming the base of charcoal, entering large-
round it like a wheel and axle. ly into mineral coals and graphite, and in its pure
Capsule, kap'^sul, 7i. (Bof.) A crystallized state constituting the diamond. Car'"- —
seed-pod or pericarp. (Chem.) bonate, n. A
salt formed by the union of carbonic
A clay saucer for roasting or acid with a base. —
Carbon'^ic, a. Of, or pert, to,
melting samples of ores, etc. an carbon. —
Cai'bonic acid. An acid composed of 1
evaporating dish. (Physiol.)
;
'
A part of carbon and 2 of oxygen, —
a heavy gas, unfit
small membranous sac. me- A for respiration. —
Carboniferous, -ifer-us, a. Pro-
tallic cover for closing a bottle. ducing, or containing, carbon or coal. Car''boiuze, —
A percussion cap. Capstan. v. t. [-IZED (-izd), -iziNG.] To convert into carbon.
Captain, kap'tan, n. The military officer command- — Car'boniza''tion, n. Act or process of, etc. Car- —
ing a company or troop also the commander of a; boKic ac'id. A substance obtained by distillation
ship, foreman of workmen, etc.: a militarj^ leader; of coal tar, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant ;
warrior. —
Captain -general. {^Blil.) commander- A phenic alcohol; phenol.
in-chief. —
C.-lieutenant. An officer, who, with the Carboy, kar'^boi, n. A
large glass bottle, inclosed in
rank of captain, and pay of lieutenant, commands bas»et-work.
a company or troop. —
Cap'taincy, -sT, n. Rank, Carbuncle, kar-'bun-kl,- n. (Min.) gem of a deep A
post, or commission of, etc. red color, with a mixture of scarlet. (Med.) A ma-
Caption, kap'shun, n. (Law.) That part of a legal lignant boil.
instrument which shows where, when, and by what Carcass, Carcase, kar''kas, n. The dead body of an
authority, it was taken, found, or executed. The animal; corpse; the body, in contempt; decaying re-
heading of a chapter, section, or page. mains, as of a ship; the frame of a thing, unfinished
Csiptious, kap-'shus, a. Apt to find fault or cavil; or without ornament. (Mil.) A
vessel holding com-
fitted to catch or perplex petulant; fretful. Cap'-
; — bustibles, to be thrown from a mortar.
tive, -tiv, n. A
prisoner taken in war; one charmed Card, kard, n. A piece of pa.steboard or thick paper,
or subdued by beauty, excellence, or affection. a. — for various uses; a published note of statement, ex-
Made prisoner; kept in bondage; serving to confine; planation, request, etc.; a paper on which the points
pert, to bondage.— Cap'tivate, v. t. Lit., to capture; of the compass are marked. v. i. —
To play at cards.
to overpower with excellence or beauty, fascinate. Card, kard, n. An instrument for combing wool or

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 CARDAMOM 55 CARVE
flax, or forcleaning tlie hair of animals. r. t. To — resents undraped flesh. {Bat.) A
species of clove-
comb with a card to mix, or debase by mixing. — pink. —Car'nifica'tion, n. A
turning to flesh.
;

Card'ing-en'gme, -machine'', n. A machine for Car'nity, -ti, v. i. To form flesh. —

Canuv'ora, -o-ra,
combing, breaking, and cleansing wool or cotton, ?i. pi. An order of animals which subsist on flesh.
and forming it into a roll. — Camiv'orous, -rus, a. Flesh-eating. Camos'- —
Cardamom, kar^da-niom, n. leguminous plant of A ity, -nos-i-tT, H. A
fleshy excrescence; fleshiness.
the East Indies, whose seeds are used in medicine. Caruncle, kar-un'kl, n. '{Anat.) A small fleshy ex-
Cardiac, kar'dl-ak, -diacal, -di^ak-l, n. {Anat.) Pert, crescence. {Bot.) An appendage at the hilum or
to or resembling the heart, also to the upper orifice scar of a seed. {Zobl.) A
naked fleshy excrescence
of the stomach. Exciting action in the heart, on a bird's head.
through the medium of the stomach. Car'diac, n. — Camelian. See Corxelian.
{Med.) A medicine which excites action in the Carnival, kar-'nl-val, n. A
festival celebrated before
stomach, and animates the spirits: a cordial. Lent.
Cardinal, kar-'dT-nal, a. Of fundamental importance Carol, kar'ol, n. A
song of joj'or mirth; a lay; a de-
preeminent chief principal. n. {Rom. Cath. — votional song. v. t. — [caroled (-old), -oling.J To
: ;

Church.) One of the ecclesiastical princes of the celebrate in song. —

v. i. To sing in joy or festi\it3";
pope's council. A woman's short cloak; mulled red warble.
wine. —
Car'/inal ntinhers. Tlie numbers 1, 2, 3, Carotid, ka-rofid, n. {Anat.) One of the 2 large ar-
etc., in distinction from Jifst, second, third, etc., teries convej^ing blood to the head.
which are called ordinal numbers. C. ])oints. — Carouse, ka-rowz', v. i. [caroused (-rowzd''), ca-
(Geor/.) Xorth and south, east and west. C. vir- — ROLSiXG.] To drink abundantly. — 1-. i. To drink
tues. {Antiq.) Prudence, justice, temperance, and freely or jovially. n.^ — A
drinkmg match or season
fortitude. —
Car^dinalate, -at, -ship, n. Office, rank, of carousal.
etc., of a cardinal. Carp, karp, v. i. To censure, cavil, or find fault, esp-
Cardoon, kar-doon'', n. salad plant. A without reason. n. — A
Care, kar, »i. Charge or oversight, implying responsi- family of soft-finned,
bility; attention or heed; caution; solicitude; watch- fresh-water fishes.
fulness; burdensome sense of responsibility trou- Carpal. See under Carpus.
ble; the object of attention or anxiety. v. i. [cared — ;

Carpel, kar'pel, n. {Bot.)

(kard), carixg.] To beanxious or"solicitous:.to be Asimple pistil, or one of
concerned; to be inclined or disposed. Carie'ftil, — the parts of a compound
-ful, a. Attentive thoiightful cautious full of pistil.
;

—
:

—
;
v.-<trp. p
care or solicitude. Care'fully, adv. Care^ful- Carpenter, kar'pen-ter, n.
ness, n. —
Care'less, a. Having no care; inatten- Aworker in timber; aframer and builder of houses,
tive ; negligent heedless unthinking free from ships, etc. —
Car^pentry, -trT, n. Art of cutting,
;

—
; ;

anxietv —
_Care''lessly, adv.
. Care''lesBness, n. framing, and joining timber timbers connected by
;

Careen, "ka-ren', v. t. (Jt'aut.) To heave on one side, being framed together, etc.
as a ship, to calk, repair, cleanse, etc. — v. i. To in- Carpet, kar^'pet, n. A
heavy fabric for covering floors.
cline to one side. —V. t. To cover with, etc. —
Car''pet-bag, n. A
Career, ka-rer', n. A race-course rapidity of mo- traveling-bag, —
orig. made of carjset. Car'peting, —
tion a race course^ of proceeding procedure.
; ;
;

;
— n. Materials for carpets; carpets in general.
V. i. [CAREERED (-rerd''), careerixg.] To move Carpus, kar^'pus, n. That part of the skeleton form-
rapidly. ing the wrist, consisting of 8 bones, in 2 rows. Car'- —
Caress, ka-res', r. t. [caressed (-resf), caressikg.] pal, a.Pert, to, etc.
To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to Carriage, Carrier, etc. See imder Car.
fondle. n. —
Act of endearment. Carrion, kar-'rl-un, n. Dead and putrefying flesh. —
Caret, ka'ret, n. (Print.) mark [a] indicating A a. Pert, to, or feeding on, etc.
something omitted, either interlined above, or in- Carrom, kar-'um, n. {Billiards.) The act of hitting
serted in the margin. two balls at once_with the ball struck by the cue.
Cargo, kar'go, n. ; pi. Car''goes, -goz. The lading or Carronade, kar-un-ad', n. A
short cannon, formerly
freight of a ship. used on ships.
Caribou, kar'I-boo, n. TJie American reindeer. Carrot, kar'ut, n. A
plant having an esculent root.
Caricature, kar't-ka-choor', n. The exaggeration of Carry, Cart, Carter, etc. See under Car.
Inat which is characteristic; a picture or description Carte, kart, n. A
bill of fare at a hotel.— Carte-hlanche,
in which peculiarities are so exaggerated as to ap- -blaxsh, n. A
blank paper, signed, to be filled up as
pear ridiculous. —r. «. [-tuked (-choord'), -tuk- the holder pleases ; unconditional terms unlimited
ixg.] To niake a caricature of. authority. —
C- -de-visite, -de-ve-zet'', n. photo-
;

A
—
Caries, ka'rT-ez, n. (Med.) An ulceration of bone. graphic picture of the size of a visiting card. [F.]
— Ca'rious, -rl-us, a. Aif ected with, etc. Cartel, kar-teK or kar'tel, n. {Mil.) writing or A
Carinate, kar'I-nat, -nated, a. (Bat.) Shaped like agreement between belligerents, as for exchange of
the keel of a ship. prisoners. —
Cartog^raphy, n. Art of making charts
Cariole. See under Car. or maps. —
Car'' ton, n. Pasteboard; cardboard ; a
Carl, kiirl, n. rude, rustic, A box of, etc. [F.] —
Cartoon, -toon'', w. {Paint.) A
rough man ; a kind of hemp. design on strong paper, to be painted in fresco. A
Carline, kar-'lin, Car'Iing, n. colored design for mosaic, tapestry, etc.
(.^"aut.) A timber, ranging fore Cartesian, kar-te'zhan, a. Pert, to the French philos-
and aft, from one deck oeam opher Des Cartes, or to his philosophJ^ 7i. fol- — A
to another, directly over the Carinated leaf. lower of, etc. _
keel, serving as a "foundation for the body of the Carthusian, kar-thoo'zhan, n. One of a religious or-
ship. der nained fr. Chartreux, France. —
a. Pert, to, etc.
Carmelite, kar''mel-it, n. monk of the order of A Cartilage, kar'tT-lej, n. {Anat.) A smooth, whitish,
Mount Carmel, Syria; a kind of pear.
Carminative, kar-min'a-tiv, a. Expelling wind from
elastic substance; gristle. —
Car'tilag^inous, -laj'T-
nus, a. Pert, t^, or like, etc.
the body; warming. n. —
{Med.) A medicine tend- Cartouche, kar-toosh',??. {Arch.) A scroll-shaped tab-
ing to expel wind, or to remed3' colic and flatulen- let: a modillion. {Mil.) A
case of paper, etc., hold-
cies. ing a charge for a fire-arm; the box containing the
Carmine, kar'min, n. A pigment of crimson color, charge; a case filled with balls, to be shot from a
prepared from cochineal. cannon: a soldier's ticket of leaYe or dismission. —
Carnage, kiir'nej, n. The flesh of slain animals; Car'tridge, -trij, n. {Mil.) A
case of paper, paste-
slaughter massacre havoc.
; Car'nal, a. Pert, to
; — board, etc., containing a charge for a fire-arm.
flesh; fleshly; sensual: given to sensual indulgence; Caruncle, etc. See under Carxage.
lustful; lecherous: libidinous. Carnal''ity,?i. Sen- — Carve, karv, v. t. [carved (karvd), oarvixg.] To
suality. — Car'nalize, -iz, r. f. [-xalized (-nal-Tzd), cut, as wood, stone, etc., in a decorative manner;
-iziXG.] To make carnal. Cama''tion, n. Flesh- — to shape by cutting: to cut into pieces; to distribute
color. {Paint.) That part of a picture which rep- or apportion to. —
v.i. To exercise the trade of a

sttn, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxbox, chair, get.
 OARYATES 56 CASUAL
carver; to cut up meat. — Carv'er, — Carv'ing, Cassock, kas'sok,
Ji. ?i. (Eccl.) A clergyman's garment,
n. Act or art of cutting wood, stone, etc., also meat worn under the surplice or gown.
at table; device or figure carved. Cassowary, kas'so-wa-rl, n. A bird of Java, resem-
Caryates, ka-rl-a'tez, -atides, -at'I-dez, n.pl. (Arch.) bling the ostrich.
Figures ot women, serving as columns to support Cast, kast, V. t. [CAST, casting.] To send or .drive
entablatures. from by force; to throw, fling, impel; to direct, or
Cascabel, k:as''ka-bel, n. That part of a cannon back turn, as the sight; to throw on the ground, as in
of tlie base-rijig. See Cannox. wrestling; to overcome; to throw off, or shed; to
Cascade, kas-kad'', n. waterfall. A compute, reckon; to make to preponderate; to form,
Cascarllia, kas-ka-riKla, n. plant of Jamaica, A by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to found; to
wliose bark is used in medicine as a tonic. distribute, as the parts of a play among actors. v. i. —
Case, kas, n. Acovering, box, or sheath; that which To revolve in the mind; to receive form or shape;
incloses or contains; quantity contained in a box. to warp. (Naut.) To fall olf, so as to bring the
(Pn'tit.) A frame subdivided'into " boxes "_to hold ship's side to the wind. —
n. Act of casting; a throw;
type for the compositor. v. t. —
[cased (kast), ca- thing thrown distance through wliich anything is
—
;

sing.] To cover with or put in a case. Cas'^ing, n. thrown; a chance or venture; act of casting in a
Act of covering any object with a thin substance; mold form into which anything is cast or molded;
an outside covering.- —
Case'raent, n. A hinged
;

thing cast in a mold; manner ot appearance; assign-

window case or frame a hollow molding. ; ment
of actors' parts in a play; company of actors to
Case, kas, n. That which falls, comes, or happens; an whom the parts are assignetl; a motion or turn, as
event; circumstance; a particular instance; situa- of the eye. —
Cast'er, n. One who, etc. a phial or ;

tion; state; plight; a state of tacts involving a ques- cruet f ortable condiments, or stand containing them
tion for discussion, esp, a cause in court. {Gram.) a swiveled wheel on which furniture is rolled. —
The form of nouns, indicating their relations to the Cast'ing, n. Act of, etc.; thing cast in a mold: the
sentence. warping of a board. Casfing-net, n. —
fishing A
Caseine, ka'se-in, n. (Chem.) The curd or coagula- net which is cast and drawn. C. voice, C- vote. —
ble part of milk; the basis of cheese. Ca'seous, -se- — Vote of a presiding officer, determining the ques-
us, a. Pert, to, or like, cheese. tion, when the votes of the house are equally di-
Casemate, kas'mat, n. vided. —
Casfaway, n. An abandoned person; a
(Fort.) A bomb-proof reprobate. —
Casfoff, a. Laid aside; disused.
chamber from which Castanet, kas^'ta-net, n. noise-making instrument A
cannon may be fired composed of spoon-shaped shells of ivory or wood,
through embrasures. clapped together by the fingers.
— Case-'mated, a. Caste, kast, n. One of the hereditary social classes in
Furnished w i t h , or India; a separate_and fixed order orclass of society.
built like, etc. Castigate, kas'tt-gat, v. t. To punish by stripes, cor-
Casern, ka-'zern, n. A rect, chastise. —
Castiga''tion, n. Punishment by,
lodging for soldiers in Casemate. etc.
garrison towns; bar- „ „ Castle, kas'l, n. A fortified residence, esp. of a prince
"nol^g A
B, Casemate. A gun at B
. -r, , . ,

Cash, k'ash, n. Coin or ^o^l<^ A^e through the em-

specie, ^ a 1 s o bank- brasure in the wall a gun ;

notes or paper con- at Cwould fire en barbette, or

vertible into money; over the parapet. D, a, para-

a Chinese copper pet JE, scarp- wall, the outer ;

coin, perforated and face of which is the scarp

strung on a thread, a b, terre-plein.
—
.

worth about one tenth of a cent. v. t. [cashed

(kashd), cashing.] To turn into cash exchange
for money. — Casli''-book, n. A book in which
;

to
register money received or paid. Cashier, -er'', n. —
One in charge of the nionev, accounts, payments,
etc., in a bank, etc. ; a cash-fceeper.
Cashew, ka-shoo', n. A
South American tree of the
sumac family.
Cashier, kash-gr', v. t. [cashiered (-erdO, cashier-
ing.] To dismiss from an office or place of trust,,
by annulling the commission of: to discard frorri
service or from society. —
Cassa'^tion, n. Act of an-
Ancient Castle.
nulling. 1, moat: 2, draw-bridge; donjon or keep; cell; 15,
Cashmere, kash^'mer, n. A
kind of shawl, orig. made 3, wicket; 4, 16, barracks
sallyport; 17, barba-
5, ;

in Cashmere, in Asia; a woolen stuff imitating true portcullis outer walls can 18, watchman 19,
cashmere. —Cashmeret', n. kind of ladies' dress A
; 6,
7, parapet; 8, rampart; 9, turret 20, chapel 21,
;

;
;

goods, in imitation of, etc. loop-holes; 10, escutch- belfry; 22, stale court; 2.%
Cashoo. Same as Catechu. eon; 11, bulwark; 12, sen- "inerlons 24, embra- ;

Casino, ka-se''no, n. A
small country house; a club- tinel; 1.3, magazine; 14, a sures. »

house. — Cassino, -se'^no, n. A game at cards.

Cask, kask, n. A
close vessel for liquids, made of or nobleman; a fortress; a piece in the game of
staves, hoops, etc.; quantity contained in a cask. chess. — In chess, to cover with a castle,— said
V. t.
— Casque, Cask, kask, n. A
piece of defensive ar- of the king, when neither
piece has been previously
mor for the head and neck a helmet. ; moved, and the king has not been in check. v.i. —
Casket, kask'et, n. A
small chest or box, for jewels, In chess, to cover the king with a castle.
etc.; a coffin. Castor. See Caster, under Cast.
Cassation. See under Cashier. Castor, kas''ter, w. A genus of animals, including the
Cassava, kas''sa-va, n. {Bot.) species of manihot, A beaver: a substance of penetrating smell and bittor
yielding tapioca. taste, found in the inguinal sacs of the beaver; a
Casse-paper, kas'se-pa'per, n. Broken paper; the out- hat, esp. one made of beaver's fur; a heavy broad-
side quires of a ream. cloth. — Cas'tor-oU. The oil of a West Indian
Cassia,' kash'a, n. {Bot.) genus of leguminous A plant, —
a cathartic.
plants, including senna; a species of laurel. (Com.) Castrate, kas'trat, v. t. To deprive of the testicles,
The cheaper kinds_of cinnamon. emasculate, geld. — Castra'tion, n. Act of, etc.
.

Cassimere, kas'sT-mer, n. A
twilled woolen cloth, for Castrel, kas'trel, Kes''trel, n. A hawk resembling the
men's garments. sparrow-hawk.
Cassiterite, kas-sit'er-Tt, n. Oxide of tin, — the ordi- Casual, kazh'u-al, «. Happening without design ;

nary tin ore. coming without regularitj^; accidental; incidental;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; End, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — —

CAT 57 CATHOLIC
occasional. —
Cas'ualty. ». That which, etc. an ing.] To seize, esp. with the hand: to take captive,
—
;

accident death
; niislortune.
; Cas^aaliam, -izni, as in a snare to entangle ; to communicate to,
;

?i. The doctrine that all things occur by chance.— fasten upon; to engage and attach to, charm to re- ;

Cas'uist, -u-ist, n. One who studies and resolves ceive, esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, or infec-
cases of conscience. —
CaBui8t''ic, -ical, a. Pert, to tion; to come upon unexpectedly to find to over- ;

—
;

cases of conscience, or of doubtful propriety.— Cas'- take. r. I. To be held or impeded by entangle-

uistry, -rT, n. Science of determining the ri^ht or ment to spread by infecting. n. Actof seizing ;
: —
wrong of acts and opinions of doubtful propriety. seizure that which catches or is caught; gain
; a ;

Cat, kat, n. {Zool.) A

well-known domestic animal. passing opportunity improved. (Mus.) A humorous
(S'avt.) A
ship having narrow stern, projecting round, in which the singers catch up each other's
quarters, and deep waist tackle to draw an anchor
; sentences.
up to the cat-head. A
double tripod; a game at ball; Catch, kach. Catch, kuch, n. Commercial names for
a kind of whip. —v. t. (^Xaut.) To bring up to the Catechu, q. v.
cat-head, as an anchor. —
Cafamount, n. species A Catchup, kach'up, Cat'sup, Ketch'up, n. A sauce
of panther found in the northern United States. made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
Cat'erwaul, -€r-wawl, v. i. To cry as cats in rutting Catechise, kafe-kiz. v. t. [-chised (-kizd^, -chising.)
time. — Cafgut, n. Cord, esp. strings for musical in- To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers,
struments, made from the intestines of animals, esp. and explaining and correcting, esp. concerning —
of sheep; a kind of canvas, with wide interstices. points of religious faith to interrogate.— Cafechism,
;

Cat'kiiijn. {Bot.) An anient; a kind -kizm, n. A

form of instruction by questions anil
of inflorescence, consisting of overlap- answers; a book of principles, esp. 6l religious doc-
ping scales. —
Cat 'like, a. Stealthy ; trine, in the form of, etc. — Cat'echist, n. One who,
noiseless. —Cafling, n. little cat; A etc.— Catechisfic, ^cal. a. Pert, to a catechist or
moss, liVp
TMntsa cat's hmi
like pnt'^i hair, growing about to catechism.— Catechet'ic, -ical,-ket'ik-al, a. Pert,
trees; catgut. (Surg.) A
double-edged, to, or consisting m, asking questions, etc. Cate- —
sharp-pointed dismemberin°; knife. — chet'ically, adv. — Catechumen, -kn'men, n. One
Cat'oird, n. An American bird of the receiving rudimentary instruction in Christian doc-
thrush family. —
boat, n. A small sail-
boat, with one sail on a mast close to
Catkin.
trines ; a neophyte.
Catechu, kafe-ku, n. (Chem.) A brown, astringent,
A squeaking instru- vegetable extract, obtained in India.
the bows. call, -pipe, n.
ment, to interrupt plays at theaters. fish, n. A — Category, kafe-go-rT, ??. (Logic.) One of the classes
of objects of knowledge or thought, by which they
large voracious fish of the arctic seas
American fresh-water fish. — a>so, an
bar^ping, -bar'pin, n.
;

can be arranged a system. State m

condition
predicament. — Categorical, -gSr-'ik-al, a. Pert, to,
:
;

{A^aut.) A rope or iron leg, to brace in the shrouds

of the lower masts behind the yards.
(Naut.) A
^head, w.
timber projecting from the bow of a ship,
— etc. admitting no conditions or exceptions; absolute;
;

express. —
Categor^ically. adv.
through which ropes pass to raise the anchor. — Catenary, kat'e-na-rTf, w. (Geom.) The curve of a
-hole, n. (Xaut.) One of two holes astern, to pass cord hanging between two points not in the same
hawsers through, —-mint, -nip, n. (Bot.) A strong- vertical line. —
Cafenary, -na^rian, a. Pert, to or
^
Cat'enate, -nat, v. t. To connect, in
which cats are fond. —
scented plant, sometimes used in medicine, and of
nap, »i. A short sleep.
-o '-nine-tails, n. A whip with nine lashes. stick, ?;. ——
—
like a chain.
a series of links.
as in a chain.
—
Catena'tion, n. Union of parts,

A club used in the game of ball called cat. Cat's'- Cater, ka'ter, v. i. [catered (-terd), catering.] To
cradle, n. A game played by children, with a string provide food, buy or procureprovisions, purvey.
about the fingers. eye, n. (Min.) A variety of Caterpillar, kat'er-pil-ler, n. The larve of a butterfly
chalcedony, exhibiting yellowish opalescent reflec- or lepidopterous insect.
tions. paw, n. A dupe; the tool of another, -fr. Caterwaul, Catharpin, etc. See under Cat.
the fable of the monkey's using the cat's paw to draw Catharine - wheel,
chestnuts from the fire. (Xaut.) A light air, rippling kath'a-rin-hwel,
the surface of still water; a peculiar turn in the bight n. (Goth. Arch.)
of a rope, to hook a tackle on. tail, ». —
(Bot.)
tall flag, with long flat leaves; a grass, called tnnothy
A An ornamented
circular window,
and herd's grass ; a catkin. with rosettes or
Cataclysm, kat'a-klizm, n. An extensive overthrow ; radiating divis-
a deluge. ions. (Pyro-
Catacomb, kafa-kom, n. A cave or subterraneous techny.) A re-
place for the burial of the dead. volving wheel.
CatafalcOj kat-a-fal'ko, -falque, -falk', n. temporary A \¥x. St. Catharine
structure of carpentry, used in funeral solemnities. o f Alexandria,
Catalectic, kat-a-lek'tik, a. (Pros.) Wanting a syl- represented with,
lable at the end. a wheel, in allu-
Catalepsy, kafa-lep-sT, n. (Med.) sudden suspen- A sion to her mar- „ ,, _, .
tit- j _
Window.
sion of the senses and of volition. Catalep'tic, a. — tyrdom.l Cathanne-wheel ,

Catalogne, kat'a-log, n. A
list of names, titles, or Catharist, kath'a-rist, n. pretender to more pu- A
articles arranged methodically. v. t. To make a list rity than others possess. Cathartic, -thiir'tik. -tic- —
of. al, a. Cleansing the bowels; purgative. Cathar'- —
Catalpa, ka-tal'pa, n. A tree of North America, hav- tic, V. A medicine promoting alvme discharges.
ing large leaves and white flowers. Cathedra, ka-the'dra or kath'-, n. A chair esp. the ;

Catamaran, kafa-ma-ran', n. A raft of India and Beat of one in authority. Cathe'dral, n. Principal —
Brazil, consisting of -3 connected logs, and moved church in a diocese, where the bishop presides.
by a sail; a sail boat with an outrigger a large- Catheter, kath'e-ter, n. (Surg.)
;
tubular instru- A
wheeled truck for transporting heavy weights a ment, introduced into the bladder to draw off urir.e.
;

cantankerous old woman. Cathode, kath'od, n. (Elec.) Negative pole of r bat-

Cataplasm, kat'a-plazm, n. (Med.) poultice. A
ter}^ surface at which the electric current passes out
;

—
Catapult, kafa-pult, n. An engine anciently used of the electrolyte. Cathode ray. Ray generated
for throwing stones, arrows, etc. at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical
Cataract, kafa-rakt, n. A waterfall. (Surg.) .An discharge.
opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule. Catholic, kath'o-lik, a. Universal or general"; not
Catarrh, ka-tar', n. (Med.) Inflammation of the mu- narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; pert. to.
cous membrane of the air passages, with discharge of or aif ecting, the Roman Catholics. n. member — A
a watery or glairy fluid. of the Roiii. Cath. church. Catholicity, -lis't-tl, n. —
Catastrophe, ka-tas'tro-fe, n. A
final event, usually System of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox
of a calamitous nature; the unfolding and winding Cnristian church; also, by the church of Rome; lib-
up of the plot of a play; denouement. erality of sentiment; Catholicism. CathoKicize, -T- —
Catch, kach, v. t. [caught or (obs.) catched, catch- slz, V. t. To become catholic or a Rom. Cath. Ca- —
sun, cube, full ; moon, f(3&t ; cow, oil ; linger or IqIc, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CATSUP 58 CELL
thoKicism, -t-sizm, n. Quality of being,- etc.: the t. [CAVED (kavd), CAVING.] To make hollow. — .
faith of the whole Christian church, or of the Roui. i. To dwell in a cave. — Cavity, kav'I-ti, «. A hol-
Cath. church; adherence to the Rom. Cath. church; low place; inclosed space; hoUowness. — Cav'ern,
liberality of sentiment.— Cathol'icon, «. A remedy -ern, Ji. A deep hollow place in the earth; cave.—
for all diseases panacea. Cav'ernous, -us, a. Full of caverns; hollow.
Catsup.
;

See Catchup. Caveat, ka've-at, n. {Law.) notice to some oflficer A

Cattle, kat'tl, n. pi. Domestic quadrupeds collective- not to do a certain act until the interested party is
\y, esp. those of the bovine genus. heard in opposition. {U. S. Patent Laws.) A de-
Caucasian, kaw-ka''shan, n. One belonging to the scripiion of some invention, lodged in the office be-
Indo-European race, originating near Mt. Caucasus. fore the patent right is taken out, as a bar no other
Caucus, kaw'kus, n. A
preparatory meeting for po- applications respecting the same invention. Intima-
litical purposes. tion of caution; warning.
Caudal, kaw'dal, a. Pert, to, or like, a tail. Cavendish, kav'en-dish, n. Tobacco softened and
Caudle, kaw'dl, n. A
warm drink for sick persons, pressed.
a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and Caviare, ka-ver'', Cavig,!, kav'e-ar, n. The roes of
spices. —
V. t. To make into caudle. certain flsh, prepared and salted, used as a relish, —
Cauf, kawf, n. A
chest with holes for keeping fish esp. in Russia.
alive in water; a vessel for raising coal from mines. Cavil, kaVil, v. i. [caviled (-ild), caviling.] To
Caufle, kaw'fl, n. A
gang of captured negroes; coffle. raise captious objections. — n. A false or frivolous
Caught. See Catch. objection.
Caul, kawl, n. A
net or covering for the head. (Anat.) Cavity. See under Cave.
A membrane covering part of the lower intestines ; Cavort, ka-v6rt'', v. i. To bound, frisk, prance.
the omentum. A
part of the membrane enveloping Caw, kaw, v. i. [cawed (kawd), cawing.] To cry like
the fetus. a crow, or raven. n. The noise of, etc. —
Caulescent, kaw-les'ent, a. (Bot.) Having a true or Cawker. Same as Calkek.
perfect stem. —
Cau^icule, -ll-kul, ?i. (Bot.) A Cayenne Pepper, ka-en' pep'^per. A very pungent
short stem. (,Arch.) One of the curled tops in a pepper, the product of several species of Capsicum.
Corinthian capital. See Capital. Cayman, ka'man, 71. ; pi. Cay •'mans, -manz. A genus
Cauliflower, kaw'lt-f low'er, n. A
variety of cabbage, of American reptiles of the crocodile family; alli-
having edible flower-buds. gator.
Caulk, etc. See Calk. Cease, ses, v. i. [ceased (sest), ceasing.] To come
Cause, kawz, n. That which produces a result, or is to an end, desist, forbear, stop; to be wanting. —
the occasion of an action. {Law.) suit or action A V. t. To put a stop to, bring to ah end.— Ceaseless,
in court; a legal process; ease. The side of a ques- a. Without cessation incessant.— Cease'lessly, adv. ;

tion or controversy which one espouses and advo- —

Cessa''tion, n. Act of discontinuing; stop; rest;
cates. — V.t. [CAUSED (kawzd), causing.] To effect intermission.
by agency, power, or influence; to produce, be the Cedar, sender, n. An evergreen tree of different spe-
occasion of. —
Caus-'er, w.— Cause''less, a. Uncaused c ie s . —
Ce'dar, -drine,
or uncreated, original in itself without just cause, -drin, a. Pert, to, or made
—
;

reason, or motive. Caus'^al, a. Relating to, imply- •

of, etc.
ing, or containing, etc. —
CausaKity, -zaKl-tT, n. Cede, sed, v. t. To yield
The agency of a cause. {Phren.) The faculty of or surrender, give up. —
tracing effects to their causes. See Piirexology.— Cession, sesh-'un, n. A
Causation, -za''shun, n. Act of causing; agency by yielding or surrender, as
which an effect is produced. Causa'tionism, -izm, — of property or rights, to
n. The doctrine that all things are produced through another act of ceding.
;

the agency of a causal force. —

Causa'' tionist, n. A Cedilla, se-diKla, n. mark A
believer that, etc. —
Caus^ative, -tiv, a. Expressing under the letter c [5], to
a reason; causal; affecting, as acause oragent; caus- show that it is sounded
ing. like s; as infaQade.
Causeuse, ko-zez'', n. A lounge or sofa for two per- Ceil, [ceiled
sel, v.'
t.
sons, sitting face to face. ( S #1 d ), CEILING.] To
Causeway, kawz'wa, Causey, kaw'zY, n. A paved or overlay or cover the Cedar.
raised way over wet ground. inner roof of. — Ceil''ing, {Arch.) The upper, in ??,.

Caustic, kaws'tik, -tical, a. Destructive to the tex- terior surface of a room. {Naut.) Inside planks of
ture of anything; burning; corrosive; severe; satir- a ship.
ical; sharp. —
Caus''tic, n. Any substance, which, Celadon, seKa-don, ?i. pale sea-green color. [F.] A
applied to animal substances, burns, or destroys the Celandine, seKan-din, n. genus of plants of the A
texture. ( Opt.) A
caustic curve, a curve to which— popiDy family; swallow-wort.
the rays of light, reflected or refracted hy another Celebrate, sel'''e-brat, v. t. To mention with praise,
curve, are tangents. —
Caus'tically, adv. Caustici- — extol; to honor by solemn rites, or b}' ceremonies of
ty, -tis'T-tl, n. Quality or property of, etc. corro-
—
; joy and respect; to solemnize, commemorate. Cel- —
siveness; severity of language; sarcasm. Cau'ter, ebrated, a. Having celebrity distinguished fa-
n. A hot, searing iron. —
Cau'teriza'^tion, n. {Surg.) mous. —
CeKebrant, n. One who performs a public
; ;

Act of burning a morbid part by application of fire. religious rite. —

Celebra'^tion, n. Honor bestowed;
— Cau^'terize, -iz, v. t. [-terizkd (-izd), -izixg.] To commemoration; praise; observance with appropri-
burn or sear with fire or hot iron.— Cau'tery, -ter-t, ate.-ceremonies; solemnization.
•'^—
CeKebrator, -ter, —
n. A
burning, as of morbid flesh, by a hot iron, or Celeb'rity, -rT-tt, n. Condition of being cele-
by caustic medicines. brated; a person of distinction.
Caution, kaw'shun, n. Prudence in regard to, dan- Celerity, se-ler''l-tl, n. Rapidity of motion; swift-
ger; provident care wariness; heed; prudence; ex- ness; speed.
;

hortation to wariness; warning; admonition. v. t. — Celery, seKer-Y, n. A

plant of the parsley family.
[CAUTIONED (-shund), -tioning.] To give notice of Celestial, se-lesfyal, a. Pert, to the spiritual heaven;
danger warn.
to, —
Cau'tionary, -a-rT, a. Contain- heavenly; pert, to the visible heavens. ?i. An in-
ing caution, or warning; given as a pledge. Cau''- habitant of heaven. Celes-'tially, adv. CeKes-— —
tioner, n. — Cau'tious, -shus, a. Possessing or using, tine, seKes-tin, 7t. {Min.) Native sulphate •f stron-
etc.; prudent; watchful; circumspect.— CaiU'tiously, tian, which has a sky-blue color. {Eccl. Hist.) One
adi. —
Cau'^tiousness, n. of a religious order founded by Pope Celestine V.
Cavalcade, kav^al-kad, n. A procession of horsemen. Celiac, se'^lt-ak, a. Pert, to the belly.
— Cavalier, -ler'', Ji. A horseman: knight; one of the Celibacy, se-lib^a-sT or seKT-ba-sl, n. The state of an
court party in the time of King Charles I. a. Gay; — unmarried man; bachelorship.— Celibate, seKt-bat,
sprightly; brave; warlike; haughty. Cavalier'ly, — n. Condition or life of an unmarried man; unmar-
adv. Superciliously.— Cav'alry, -rl, n. {Mil.) Mount- ried man bachelor. ;

ed troops. Cell, sel, n. A

small and close apartment, as in a prison
Cave, kav, n. A hollow place in the earth; den. — v. or monastery; any small, closed cavity. {Organic

3ra, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, tgrm ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, dr
 CELT 59 CERTAIN
Structures.) A
minute sac, filled with fluid, fat, etc., -tT-gram, n. A measure of weight,— the KXith part oi
forming, by development and reproduction, the cel- agram=.154;ii gr. avoir. [F.J — Centiliter, -til'T-
lular tissue of animals and plants. CeKlar, ii. A — tSr or sen'tl-ll-ter, -litre, -tl-le'tr, n. A measure of
—
——
space under a house. Cel'lular, a. Consisting of, capacity, 100th of a liter, more than 0.0 cu. inch.
or containinff cells. Cel'ltilated, a. Formed with [F.] — Cen'time, -tem, n. coin, A
the 100th of a —
cells. —
Cer lule, -ul, n. A small cell. Celluiif- — franc. [F.] — Centimeter, -tim'e-ter or sen'tt-me-
eroos, -lit'er-us, a. Producing little cells. CeK- — ter, -metre, son-te-ma'tr, 7j. A
measure of length,
lulose, -los, o. Containing cells. 7i. (£ot.) One of — the KKJth of a meter, more than ..'ia inch. Cen'- —
the substances constituting the cellular tissue of tiped, -tl-ped, -pede, -tl-ped, n. species of many-A
plants. —
Cel'luloid, n. compound of gun-cotton, A jointed, wingless land articulates, having many feet.
camphor, etc., imitating coral, ivory, tortoise-shell, — Centum'vir, -vgr, n. ; 2)1- -viui, -vI-rT. A llomail
amber, etc., and used in manufacturing jewelry, judge of common causes among the people. Cen- —
etc. tnm'viral, -vl-rul, a. Pert, to, etc.— Centum' virate,
Celt, selt, n. One of a race anciently inhabiting Cen- -vT-rat, n. Otfice of, etc.
traland Western Europe, from "whom come the Centaur, sen'tawr, n. {Myth.) A fabulous monster,,
Welsh, and Gael; a stone or metal implement
Irish, half man and half horse. —
Cen'taury, -rl, u. A
found in barrows of the early Celts. — Celfic, a. plant of several species, most of them weeds.
Pert, to the Celts, or to their language. n. The Center, -tre, sen'ter, n. The exact middle point of
language of, etc., the remains of which are found anything; the middle portion; midst; point of con-
in tne Gaelic, Erse or Irish, Manks, and Welsh and centration; nucleus. {Arch.) A temporarj' framing
its cognate dialects, Cornish and Armorican or on which vaulted work is built. v. i. —
[centeeed
Breton. —
Celt'icism, -T-sizm, n. Celtic custom. A or -TEED (-terd), -teeixg or -thing.] To be placed
Cement, se-ment' or sem''ent, n. Any substance used in, etc. to be central to be collected to a point, be
; ;

for making bodies coliere, as mortar, glue, etc.; bond concentrated. —v. t. To place on, etc. to collect to a
—— —
;

of union. Cement', r. t. To unite with, etc.; to point. Cen'tering, n. {Arch.) Temporary fra^
unite firmly. v. i. To unite and coliere. Cemen-
•
— ming on which vaulted work is built. Cen'tral, a. —
ta'tion, K. Act of cementing. {C/iem.) Process of Pert, to, placed in, or containing, the center; pert, to
surrounding a solid body with powder of other sub- the parts near, etc. —
CentraKity, -f-tt, ?!. State of
stances, and heating until the properties of the body being central. —Cen'tralize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd),
are changed by chemical combination with the pow- -iziXG.] To draw to a central point bring to a
der, —as iron becomes steel by cementation with center. —Cen'traliza'tion, n. Act of, or state of be-
;

charcoal. ing, etc. — Cen'trally, adv. —

Cen'tric, -trical, cu
Cemetery, sem'e-ter-T, n. Agrave-yard; necropolis. Placed in, etc. —Cen'trically, adv. Centricity, —
Cenobite, Coenobite, sen'o-bit, n. monk in a con- A -tris'T-tt, n. State of being centric. —
Centrifugal,,
vent or community, in opp. to a hermit or anchorite. -u-gal, a. Tending to recede from the center. —
Cenotaph, sen'o-taf , n. monument A
to one buried Centrip'etal, a. 1 ending toward, etc. Cen'ter- —
elsewhere. bit, n. An instrumer t turning on a projecting cen-
Cense, sens, v. t. [cexsed (senst), cexsixg.] To per- tral point, for boring holes. See Bit. board, n.
fume with odors from burning substances. Cen'- — C^'aut.) In small craft, a board keel, which may be
ser, n. A
vase or pan for burning incense. drawn up or let down a sliding keel. ;

Censor, sen'ser, n. A
Roman oflScer who registered Centinel, Centry. See Sentinel.
the effects of citizens, imposed taxes, and inspected Cento, sen'to, n. ; pi. Cen'tos, -toz. composition A
manners; an examiner of books, etc., before pub- formed by verses, etc., from different authors dis-
lication, to suppress anything forbidden: one who posed in a new order. (^Jifus.) medley on a large-A
censures; a harsh critic. —
Censo'rial, -rT-al,-rian, «. scale. [L.]
—
Pert, to, etc., or to the correction of public morals. Cephalic, se-fal'ik, a. Pert, to the head. «. med- A
— Censo'rious, Addicted
implying, or
-rT-us, a. to, icine for headache, etc. —
Cephalopod, sef 'a-lo-pod
expressing, censure; fault-finding; carping; severe. or se-fal'-, n. (Zobl.) A
moUusk having a distinct
— Censc'riously, adv. Censc'riousness, n.— Cen'- — head, surrounded by a circle of arms or tentacles.
sorship, 71. Otrice of a censor. Censure, sen'sher, — Ceramic, se-ram'ik, a. Pert, to pottery.
n. Act of blaming reproof disapproval
;
repri- ; ; Cere, ser, n. Naked wax-like skin at the base of birds'
—
mand; abuse. i\t. [cexsured (-sherd), -suring.] bills. —v. t. [cered (serd), cering.] To wax, or
—
To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame, cover with wax. Ce'rate, -rat, n. (Jled.) Thick
reprehend. —
Cen'sus, n. An official enumeration ointment, made of wax, oil, etc. Cere'cloth, n. — A
and registration of the people, estates, and other cloth smeared with melted v.^ax. Cere'ment, n. — A
statistics of a country. cloth dipped in melted wax, used in embalming
Cent, sent, n. A hundred, as, 10 per cent. : an Amer- bodies.
ican coin worth the 100th part of a dollar. [L. cen- Cereal, se're-al, a. Pert, to edible grain, as wheat, rye,,
tum.'] —Cenfage, -ej, n. Rate by the cent, or hun- etc. — n. Any edible grain.
dred percentage. Cen'tal, n. — A weight of 100 Cerebrum, .ser'e-brum, n. (Anaf.) The superior and.
;

pounds hundred-weight. a. Pert, to, or consist- — larger division of the brain. —

Cerebellum, -bel'lum,
ing of,
;

etc. —
Cen'tenary, -rY, n. Aggregate of 100 71. ; pi. -bel'la, -la. The hinder and lower division:
single things esp. a century 100 years a celebra- of the brain.
—
;
; ;

tion occurring once in, etc. a. Pert, to, or con- Ceremony, ser'e-mo-nY, u. Outward rite ; external-
sisting of, 100 occurring once in every 100 years. — form in religion; forms of civility.— Ceremo'nial,
Centena'rlan, -rl-an. n.
;

One 10<) years old a. — a. Pert, to, etc. —

71. An established system of rules
Pert, to 100 years. —
Centen^nial, -nT-al, a. Pert, to and ceremonies. —
Ceremo'nious, -nt-us, a. Con-
the 100th anniversary happening once in 100 3-ears. sisting of, or according to, outward forms and rites;
— n.
;

A celebration of, etc. Centes'imal, rt. Hun- — ceremonial; particular m observing forms; precise;
dredth; br the 100.— )i. A 100th part.- Centes'lma'- formal. — Ceremo'niously, adv.
tion, ?i. (J/i7.) A punishment inflicted on one person Cerise, se-rez'. a. Cherry-colored.
in 100. —Cen'tury, -tu-rt, n. A hundred a period ; Certain, ser'tin, a. Assured in mind having no ;

of 100 years. —Centitn/ plant. The American aloe, doubts; not to be doubted; fixed or stated; deter-
supposed to bloom but once in 100 years. Centu'- — minate indeterminate, or not specificallj'' named;
rion, -rT-on, n. A Roman captain of 100 foot-soldiers.
;

one or some. —Cer'tainly, adc. Without doubt or

— Centu'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, to a century, or to 100 question; in truth and fact; without failure. Cer'- —
—
men. Cen'tuple, -tu-pl, a. Hundred-fold. r. i. — — tainness, 71. —
Cer'tainty, -tT, Cer'titude, -tT-tud, n.
[-TITPLED (-tu-pld), -TUPLixG.] To make, etc. Quality or condition of being certain exemption
—
;

Centifo'lious, -IT-us, a. Having 100 leaves. Cen'- from doubt or failure; a fact unquestionably estab-
tigrade, -tT-grad, a. Of 100 degrees graduated in- lished. —
Cer'tes, -tez, adv. Assuredl.y in truth.
to 100 equal parts. —
Centigrarle thermometer. A — Cer'tify, -fi, v. t. [-tified (-fid), -Vying.] To
;

thermometer in which 0" indicates the freezing testify to in writing; to make known or establish as
point, and 100° the boilina: point of water. Cen- — a fact; to give certain informa'tion of or to. Certif- —
tare, -tar', n. A measure^of area, containing 1 sq. icate, -t-kat, 71. A
written testimonj"^ to the truth.
meter, about 1,550 sq. inches. [F.] Cen'tigram, — of any fact; written declaration legally authenti*

siln, cube, full ; moon, f(j&t ; cow, oil ; linger or iQk, then, bonboN, chair, get
 CERTIORARI 60 CHANCEL
cated. —
?•. t. To verify bv, or furnish with, etc.— Chalcedony, kal-sed'o-nl or kaKse-do-nl, n. {Jlin.)
Certiflca'tion, n. Act of, etc. Cer'tifler, -ii-er, n. — An uncrystallized, translucent variety of quartz,
Certiorari, ser'sht-o-ra'ri, w. {Law.) writ from a A usually whitish, and witli a wax-like luster.
superior court, to call up records of an inferior Chaldaic, kal-da'ik, Chaldee, kaKde or kal-de', a.
court, or remove a cause, to hasten justice, or correct Pert, to Chaldea. —
n. - Language of the Chaldeans.
errors. Chaldron, chawKdrun or chal'diun, n. A dry meas-
Cervical, ser'vik-al, a. {Anat.) Pert, to the neck. ure for coah usually of oG bushels, but varying.
Cervine, ser'vln, a. Pert, to the deer. Chalet, shaKa, )i. A
Swiss wooden cottage; a sunnner-
Cesarean, Cesarism, Cesura, etc. See C.esak,X!^esuka. house on a mountain.
Cessation. See under Cease. Chalice, chaKis, n. A
cup; bowl; communion cup.
Cession. See under Cede. Chalk, chawk, n. t{JIin.) soft, white, earthy sub-A
Cess-pool, se»'pool, n. A
cavitj' in the earth to re- stance, consisting of , carbonate of lime. .— r. f.
ceive sediment of water from drains. [chalked (chawkt), cualkixg.] To rub or mark
Cestus, ses'tus, M. girdle, A
esp. of Venus; a loaded with chalk.
leather covering for boxers' hands. [L.] Challenge, chal'lenj, ji. An invitation to contest; a
Cetacea, se-ta''se-a., n. pi. {Zobl.) An order sentry's demand of the countersign from those ap-
of niammiferous marine animals, inclu- proachmg his post; summons to single combat; de-
ding whales. —
Ceta'cean, -shan, n. An ani- mand made of a right; an exception to a juror or
mal of the whale kind. voter. V. t. —[-le'xged (-lenjd), -lexgixg.] To
Chafe, chaf, r. t. [chafed (chaft), chafixg.] call to a contest, call to answer, defy; to claim as
To excite heat or irritation in by friction; due, demand as a right, make exception or objec-
to irritate; to fret and wear hj riabbiug; to tion to, object to asjiot qualified to vote.
provoke, inflame. — e.i. To be excited or Chalybeate, ka-lib-'e-at, a. Impregnated with some
heated ; to fret; to be worn by rubbing.
Cestus.
salt of iron. n. —
Water, liquor, medicine, etc..
11. Heat or irritation from friction ; agita- containing iron.
tion of the mind. Cham, kam. Khan, kan, n. The sovereign prince of
Chafer, cha''fer, n. An insect; cock-chafer; Maj'-bug. Tartary.
Ckaff, chaf, n. The glumes, husk, or light, dry cover- Chamber, chanT'ber, n. A retired room, esp. an upper
ing of grains and grasses. {Bot.) Scales or bracts room, for lodging, privac}', or study; a compartment
on the receptacle m
composite plants. AVorthless or hollow, closed space; a place where an assembly
matter refuse. —
Chaffincli, n. singing bird of A meets; tlie assembly itself the cavity in a fire-arm
;

the finch familj^ feeding on chaff. Chaff'y, -T, a. — where the charge is put. {Law.) A private place
;

Containing, like, or light and worthless as, chaff. where a judge sits to hear cases, and do judicial
Chaff, chaf, n. Light, idl^ talk; ridicule. v. i. — business out of court. r. i. —
[-bkeed (-berd), -ber-
[chaffed (chaft), CHAFFING.] To usc, etc., byway IXG.] To
reside in or occupj' as a chamber to be
of fun or ridicule. v. t. —
To make fun of, banter. wanton.— f. t. To shut up, aj in a chamber. Cham''-
;

Chaffer, chaf ''fer, i\ i. [chaffeked (-ferd), -feRixg.] ber-coun'Sel, -coun'selor, -er, n. counselor who A
To
much
Chagreen.
treat about a purchase, bargain, haggle to talk
or idly. —
r. t. To buy, purchase, exchange.
See Shageeex.
:

causes in court. maid, n —

gives his opinion privately, but does not advocate

lor chambers, or waits upon a lady.

woman who cares
Cham'berlain,
. A
—
Chagrin, sha-grin", n. lU-hunior; vexation: peevish- -lin, n. An attendant in charge of the chambers, as
ness; mortitication. v. — t. [chageixed (-grind''), in a hotel; an officer of the private chambers of a
-geixixg.] To excite ill-humor in, vex, mortify. nobleman or monarch; one of the high officers of a
Chain, chan, ?i. A
series of connected links or rings; court; a treasurer or receiver of public money.
that which confines, fetters, or secures; a bond; a se- Chameleon, ka-meKyun, ?;. A
ries of things connected and following each other whose color
lizard-like reptile, i

in succession. (Surv.) An instrument for measur- changes with that of objects,

ing land, consisting of 100 links, being 4 rods, or (56 about it, or when its temper is
'

feet, in length, (yaut.) An iron plate bolted at the disturbed.

lower end through the side to the ship's timbers. — Chamfer, cham'fer, v. t. [-feeed
V. t. [chaixed (chand), chaixixg.] To
fasten or (-ferd), -ferixg.] {Carp.) To
<;onnect with, etc., enslave, unite closely. — Chain'- cut a groove or channel in to ;

A
bridge suspended on chains; suspen- To cut or grind in a slop-
———
bridge, ?i. flute. Chameleon.
sion bridge. gang, ". A. gang of convicts chained ing manner; to bevel. Cham'- —
together. mail, n. Flexible armor made of inter- fer, Cham''fret, n. { Carp.) small gutter in wood, A
laced rings. pump, ?i. A etc.; groove, slope, or bevel.
pump consisting of an end- Chamois, sham'wa or sham'Y, n. A species of ante-
less chain, carrying disks, lope on European
living
passing upward" through a mountain ridges; a soft
wooden tube, and moving leather, first prepared from
on wheels. shot, w. (J/iV.") itsskin.
Tw cannon balls, con- Chamomile. See Camomile.
nected by a chain, to cut
down
n.
masts, etc.
A
stitch,
kind of stitch in sew-
— Champ, champ, r. t. [champed
(champt),- champixg.] To
bite with repeated action of .

ing, made by interlocking the teeth, bite into small

threads. —
-wales, n. pi. pieces, crush. v. i. — To bite
(yaiit.) Planks bolted to f requen tly.
a ship's sides to spread the Champagne, sham-pan', n. A Chamois.
lower rigging. See Chax'- brisk, sparkling ^^J^e.
XELS. Champaign, sham-pan'', n. A flat, open country. — a.
Chair, char, n. movable A Flat level.
;

seat with a back, for one Chamnion, chanT'pT-un, n. One who engages in a
person; an official seat, as contest; esp. who contends in behalf of another in
of a judge hence, the of-
: single combat: one ready to fight all who offer.
fice itself; the presiding of- V. t. [-PIOXED (-und), -pioxixG.] To furnish with,
ficer of an assembly; avehi- Chain-pump, or attend as, etc.
cle for one person; an iron Chance, chans, n. Absence of anv defined cause for- ;

block to svipport and secure railroad tracks. v.t. tuity casualty an event witliont assigned cause;
; ;

[chaired (chard), chairixg.] To carry publicly poss'ibility of an occurrence; luck; hazard: oppor-
m a chair in triumph. Chair''man, n. pi. -jiex. ";
tunity. —'r.
i. [chaxced (chanst), CHAXcrxG.] To
—
The presiding officer of an assembly, committee, happen, come, or arrive, without expectation. a.
etc. one who"earriei= a chair or sedan._— Chair^man-
; Happening by chance casual fortuitous. ; ;

ship, n. Office of, etc. Chaise, shaz, n. —two- A Chancel, chan'^sel, n. That part of a church con-
wheeled, one-horse carriage, with calash top. taining the altar or communion table, formerly —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 CHANCRE 61 CHARITY
inclosed with lattices. —
Cliancery, chan'ser-T, 7t. A pier or pilaster which receives an arch;
hijrh court of equity; equity; proceedin<r.s in equity. an impost.
— Chan'cellor, -sel-ler, >i. A
lii;;h judicial otncer ; Chaplain, etc. See under Chapel.
the cliiet judire of a court of chancery. Chaplet, chap'let, n. A garland or wreath
Chancre, xhan'ker, ».^ An ulcer, csp. a venereal sore. tor tlie head; a string of beads used in
— Chau'crous, -krus, a. Ulcerous. counting prayers. (Arch.) A little
Chandelier.Chandler, etc. See under Cvndle. molding, carved into beads, olives, etc.
Change, chanj, v. t. [changed (chanjd), cii.wgixg.I a chapeilet a tuft of feathers on a«
;

To alter or make different; to cause to pass from peacock's head a small chapel or shrine.
;

one state to another; to substitute another thing Chapman. See under Chap, n.
for ; innovate, exchange
to vary, to give other ; Chapter, chap'ter, n. A division of a
money, of the same aggregate value, for; to become book. (Eccl.) A corporation composed
acid or tainted. v. i. —
To be altered, undergo vari- of the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate
ation, pass from one phase to another, —n. Any al- church, and presided over by the dean. Chaptrel.
teration; a passin"; from one state to another; sub- An organized branch of a society or fra-
stitution of one tiling for another alteration in ; ternity: meeting of organized societies: place where-
the orderof a series; permutation; that wliich makes delinquents receive discipline; a decretal epistle.
avarietjs small pieces of money, which may be Char, Chare, char \^Eng.], Chore, chor {Amer.], n.
fiven for larger pieces; the balance of money paid Work done by the day; a single job or task. Chai''- —
e3'ond the price ot goods i)urcliased; building for woman, n. A
servant that works by the day.
mercantile transactions. Chan'ger. n. — Change'- — Char, chiir, v. t. [chaured (chard), charring.] To
able, -a-bl, a. Capable of change appearing dift'cr- ,' reduce to charcoal b^"^ expelling volatile matter; tO'
ent under difference of circumstances variable burn slightly; to hew, as stone. Char^coal, n. Coal —
fickle unstable.
: —
Change'ableness, -abil'lty, -tT,
; ;

made by charring wood. Char''ry, -rl, «. Pert, to, —

n. — Changa'ably, ar/v. —
Change'ful, a. Full of or like, charcoal.
change; mutable. —
Change'fully, «(/c. Change-'- — Character, klir''ak-ter, n. A distinctive mark; a letter^
fnlness, n. —
Change''les8, a. Not admitting altera- figure, or sign; manner of writing or printing sum :

tion constant. —
Change'ling, n. child left or A of qualities distinguishing one person or thing from,
;

taken in the place of another one apt to change. ;

— another; good qualities, or the reputation of possess-
a. Taken or left in place of another. ing them; qualities belonging to an office or institu-
Channel, chan''nel, n. The bed of a stream; esp. the tion estimate put upon a person or thing reputa-
; ;

deeper part of a river or bay, where the main cur- tion; force of will; energy; the possessor of a certain
rent flows. ( Geog.) A
strait or narrow sea between character: aperson; account; description. v.t. To —
two portions of land. That through which any engrave, inscribe, distinguish by markjS, character-
thing passes. (Arch.) A
gutter or furrow, as in a ize. — Char'acteris'tic, -tical, a. Constituting the
column, pi. (Naut.) Planks bolted to the outside character peculiar.
;
—
Char'acteris'tic, n. That
of a vessel, for spreading the lower rigging. v. t. which constitutes, etc., or distinguishes a person or
[-XELED (-neld), -XELIXG.] To form a channel in; thing from another. (Math.) Ihe index or expo-
groove. nent of a logarithm.^ Char'acteris'tically, adv. —
Chant, chant, v. t. and i. To utter with a melodious Char'acterize, -iz, v. f. [-terized (-ter-izd), -izing.]
voice, sing to celebrate in song. (3Ius.) To sing
; To mark with a peculiarfigure; to describe the qual-
after the manner of a chant. «. Song melody. — ; ities of; to mark or express the character of, desig-
(Miis.) Words recited to musical tones without mu- nate, entitle. —
Char'acteriza'tion, n. Act of, etc.—
sical measure.— Chanfer, n.— Chanficleer, -t-klSr, Char''acterless, a. Having no peculiar character.
n. Acock. Charade, sha-rad', n. A composition describing enig-
Chaos, ka'os, 7i. An empty, infinite space unor- ; matically objects, expressed by each syllable of a
ganized condition of m-.itter before the creation of word, separately, and then by the word as a whole-
the universe; a disordered mass or state of things; Charcoal. See under Char.
confusion. —
Chaot'ic, a. Resembling chaos con- ; Chard, chard, n. A variety of white beet blanched ;

fused. leaves of the artichoke and other vegetables.

Chap, chap or chop, v. t. [chapped (chapt), chap- Charge, chiir j, 7!. The person or thing committed to-
ping.] To cleave or open longitudinally to split, the care or management of another exercise of cus-
crack. V. i.— To crack or open in long slits. n.
;

— A tody or care office commission an earnest com-

;

cleft, gap, or chink in the flesh. Chap, chop, n. — ; ;

mand, exhortation, instruction, etc. whatever con-

;

The jaw, —generally in pi. Chap^faUen, chop'- — stitutes a burden on property costs expense, ;
;

;
—
fawln, a. With the lower jaw drooping; dejected; usually in pi. account of that due from one party
;

dispirited. to another; imputation: accusation; that quantity, as-

Chap, chap, n. A man or boy; a youth.— Chap''-book, of ammunition, olectricit}', etc., which any appara-
n. A small book, esp. one sold by hawkers. Chap'- — tus, as a gun, battery, machine, etc., is fitted to hold;
man, n. ; pi.-mev. One who buys or sells a mer- ; onset; attack; signal for attack. (Her.) bearing- A
chant: itinerant dealer. on a field. An iincertain weight of lead, supposed
Chaparral, chap-ar-raK, n. A
thicket of low ever- to be "6 pigs, or 2,.5'20 pounds. v. t. [charged —
green oaks; thick bramble-bushes in clumps. (charjd), charging.] To impose, as a load or burden,
Chape, chap, n. A catch, as of a buckle; a metal tip or as a task, dutj', or trust to command, request, ;

of a scabbard. etc., earnestly; to give instructions to: to impose as a

Chapeau, shap'o, ». ; p^- Cii ap'eau.s, -oz. A hat. [F.] tax; to place to the account of, as a debt to accuse
— Chapeau Bras, -Ijrii. A military hat which can of; to place within or upon an apparatus or machine-
;

be flattened and put under the arm. the quantity it is fitted to contain to load to-
—
; ;

Chapel, chap^el, n. A phice of worship connected bear down upon, rush upon, fall on. ?•. i. To-
with a church or with some estal)lishment; in Eng. a make an onset. Char^ger, n. One who, etc. a—
dissenters' place of worsliip. —
Chap'lain, -lin, n. An large dish, —
which bears a load a horse, used ; —
;

m
ecclesiastic who officiates in a chapel, or one attached charging war-horse.
;
—
Charge d' Affaires, shiir-zha''
to a ship, regiment, public institution, family, etc. daf-far''. A diplomatic representative, to whom are
Chaplaincy, -sT, -ship, n. Office or station o'f , etc. — confided affairs of his nation, in the absence of an
Chap'ellany, -la-nT, n. A chapel and jurisdiction ambassador. [F.] —
Chargs''ship, n. Office of, etc.
within the precincts of a church. Chap''elry, -rT, — Chariot, char'T-ot, ??. A
war car or vehicle a one- ;

n. Bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. seated, four-wheeled carriage. ?'. t. To convey in —

Chaperon, shap^er-ov, n. A hood or cap; a device on a chariot. —
Char''ioteer'', n. A driver.
horses' foreheads in pompous funerals; one who Charity, char''T-tT, n. Disposition to think favorably
attends a lady in public as a protector. v. t. — of others, and to do them good liberality to the ;

[chaperoned (-ond), -oning.] To attend in public poor: alms any act of benevolence a charitable in-
; ;

places as protector. stitution, or a gift to create and support such an in-

Chapiter, chap''I-ter, n. (Lnw.) A summary of mat- stitution. —
Char'itable, a. Full of love and good-
ters to be inquired of before justices articles. ; will; liberal to the poor pert, to, or springing ffonif ;

Chap'iter, Chap'trel, w. (Arcli.) The capital of a charity benevolent indulgent

; beneficent.
; ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fcJSt ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, -ftien, boxboN, chair, get.
 CHARLATAN 62 CHEOQUE
Cliarlatan, sliar'la-tan, n. A
quack; empiric; mounte- (-nd), -ENING.] To attempt to buy, chaffer for, beat
bank. —
Ckar'lataniBin, -izm, -tanry, -rl, n. Preten- down the price of.
sion to skill; quackery. Cheat, chet, v. t. To deceive and defraud ; to trick,
Charles's Wain, chiirlz'ez-wan'. {Astron.) The clus- outwit, impose on. n. An act of deception — a ;

ter of 7 stars in the constellation Ursa Major, or fraud ; trickimposture one who cheats.
; ;

Great Bear ; the Dipper. _ Cheat, chet, n. Wheat

bread chess, or false wheat.
; ;

€harlotte-Russe, sliar'lot-roos, n. dish of custard A Check, cliek, n. A sudden or continued restraint

or whipped syllabub, inclosed in cake. hindrance obstruction a mark put against items,
; ;

'Charm, charm, n. Something' possessing occult power in going over a list a token to identify a thing or
-,

or influence; that which attracts irresistibly; fasci- person. {Com.) An order for money, payable on
nation. —
V.t. [CHAKMED (charmd), CHAEMIXG.] To sight. Any counter-register used as security, as
subdue, control, or suminoii by occult influence ;
the correspondent cipher of a bank-note a kind of ;

to attract irresistibly, delight exceedingly, fasci- checkered cloth, as plaids, etc. {Chess.) Exposure
nate, enchant, captivate to fortify with charms of the king to the attack of an adversary's piece.
or supernatural influences. v. i.
;

To act as a — A small chink or cleft. v. t. [checked (chekt), —

charm, please greatly. CHECKI^G.] To put restraint upon; to hinder, re-
•Charnel, chiir'nel, a. Containing remains of dead press, curb; to rebuke or reprove to make a mark ;

men or animals. against, as against names, etc., in a list; to compare

Chart, chiirt, n. A
sheet of paper, pasteboard, etc., con- with a counterpart for correctness. v. i. To make a —
taining information arranged methodically, or tab- stop, pause;' to interfere; to crack, as wood; to cruck
ulated; a map representing water and the adjacent
— —
in checks, as paint, etc. Check''er, v. i. [-eueu —
land. V. t. To lay down in a chart ; to map. (-erd), -EEING.] To variegate with cross-lines to ;

Chai'^ter, n. (0. Eng. Law.) deed, or conveyance. A form into squares to diversify with difterenf qual-
;

An instrument in writing, bestowing rights and ities, scenes, etc. n. One who, etc. a piece iii tJie ;

privileges ; act of incorporation a special privilege ; gauie of draughts or checkers.— Check'er, Check'er-
or immunity. (Naut.) The letting or hiring a ves- work, -werk, n. Work varied alternately as to colors
sel by special contract. v. t. —
[cuaeteeed (-terd), or materials. — Check'^ers, -erz, n.^
-TEEING.] To establish by charter; to liire or let by Draughts, —
a game played on a^
charter, as a ship. board of (M squares of alternate
Chary, char'T, a. Not inclined to be free or liberal; colors. —
Cheeky, Checquey,
close cautious.
; chek'T, n. {Her.) A field or ar-
Chase, chas, v. t. [chased (chast), chasing.] To morial bearing divided in check-
pursue, hunt; to urge onward, drive, persecute. n. — ers.— Check'mate, -mat, 71. The
Hunting; pursuit; thing hunted; hunting ground. move in chess which renders fur-
— Chaster, n. One who, etc. {Naut.) gun at the A ther moving impossible, and ends
bow or stern, for use in a chase. the game; a complete check, de-
Chase, chas, v. t. To engrave. n. The forward part — feat, or overthrow. v. t. {Chess.) —
of a gun from the trunnions to the swell of the To put (the adversary's king) in- Cheeky,
mouth, —
this part being formerly engraved or em- extricably in check. To arrest completely, termi-
bossed. See Cannon. nate.— Check'-roll, n. A
List of employees.— -string,
Chase, chas, n. An iron frame to confine type. n. A string by which one in a carriage or railroad
Chasm, kazm, n. A deep opening made by disrupture car can call the attention of the driver or engineer.—
a cleft void space gap break.
; ; ; Check'er-ber'ry, K. {Bat.) The partridge -berrv ;

Chassepot, shas''po, n. A
breech-loading rifle. also, the wintergreen. board, n. Board for playing
Chasseur",' shas-ser', n. {Mil.) One 6f a body of light checkers upon.
cavalry. An attendant upon persons of rank, wear- Cheddar, ched'der, n. kind of cheese made at A
ing military plumes, etc. Cheddar, in England.
Chaste, chast, a. Pure from unlawful sexual inter- Cheek, chek, n. The side of the face; assurance; im-
course virtuous pure from obscenity, or from bar- pudence. pZ. {Mach.) Pieces of a machine which
; ;

barous, affected, or extravagant expressions. —

form corresponding sides, or are similar and in pairs.
Chaste'ness, Chas'tity, -tT-tt, n. —Chasten, chas'n, Cheer, cher, ?«. The countenance and its expres-
V. t. [-ENED (-nd), -ENiNG.] To Correct by punish- sion; state of feeling or spirits; state of gayety or
ment; to inflict pain upon in order to reclaim, chas- mirth provisions for a feast; entertainment ex-
— ; ;

tize; to purify from errors or faults. Chast'^ener, n. pression of good spirits, by shouting, acclamation,
— Chastize, chas-tiz'^, v. t. [-tized (-tizd''), -tizing.J etc._; applause; encouragement, —^\t. [cheeked
To chasten. (cherd), cheeeing.] To cause to rejoice, render
Chat, chat, v. i. To talk lightly and familiarly..— n. cheerful to infuse life, courage, hope, etc., into to ;

Light, idle talk; prate. (0)~nitk.) An American urge or salute by cheers. v. i. To grow cheerful. — ;

bird, of the warbler family. Chat'ter, v. i. [-teeed — —

Cheer'Tul, -ful, a. Having good spirits; calmly
(-terd), -TEEING.] To utter inarticulate sounds re- joyful; promoting happiness; expressing joy; lively;
sembling language; to talk idly, carelessly, or rapid- animated; sprightly. Cheer'fully, adv. Cheer'- — —
ly to jabber, prate to make a noise by collision. fulness, n. Cheer'ily, adv. Witn cheerfulness. — —
— ;

n. Sounds like a magpie's; idle

;

talk. Chafter- Cheer'iness, n. —

Cheer'ingly, adv. Cheer^less, a. — —
box, n. An incessant talker. Chat'ty, -tT, a. —
Without joy, gladness, or comfort; gloomy; dreary.
Conversing freely talkative. ; Chat'^tiness, n. — —
Cheer'lessness, ti.— Cheer^'ly, a. (^ay; not gloomy.
Chateau, sha-to'', n. ; pi. -teaux, -toz'. A castlfi ; a adv. In a cheerful manner; heartily. — Cheer^y, —
country-seat. —
Chatelet, shat-'e-la, n. little castle. -T, a. A
In good spirits; lively; promoting, or tending
— Chat'ellany, -la-ni, n. Lordship or jurisdiction of to promote, cheerfulness.
a castellan, or governor of a castle. —
Chat'^elaine, Cheese, chez, n. Curd of milk, separated from the
-e-lan, n. A cliain at a lady's waist-belt, for watch, whey, and pressed; a mass of ground apples pressed
trinkets, keys, etc. together.
Chattel, chat'tl, n. {Law.) Any property except Chef-d'oeuvre, sha'doovr', n. ; pi. Chefs-d'(euvee. A
freehold, or things .which are.parcel of it. master-piece; capital work in art, literature, etc. [F.]
Chatter, Chatty, Chatterbox, etc. See Chat. Chemise, she-mez', n. shift, or under-garment, forA
Chauffeur, sho'fer', n. One who manages the run- females a wall lining an earthwork.
;

ning of ap. automobile. Chemistry, kem'is-trl, n. Science of the composition

Chauvinism, sho''\an-izm, n. Fanatical patriotism of substances and changes which thej' undergo. —
blind adherence to an obsolete party, leader, or idea.
;

Chem'ist, n. One versed in, etc. Chem'ic, -ical, a. —

Chaw, chaw, v. t. Tchawed (chawd), chawing.] To Pert, to, or resulting from the operations of the phe-
masticate, as food; to ruminate, as the cud; to re- —
nomena of, etc. Chem-'ically, adv. [These words
volve and consider. —
n. Ori^., the jaw; as much as '
were formerly written with y or i, instead of e, in
the mouth holds a chew. [Once in good use, but
; the first syllable, chiimistry or chimistry, etc. and ;

now vulgar. See Chew.] pronounced accordingly.]

Cheap, chep, a. Bearing a low price of small cost Chenille, she-neK, n.Tufted cord, of silk or worsted.
—
;

of small value. Cheapen, che-'pn, v. t. [-ened Checque, Checquer. See Check, Checkee.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Cdd, tone, 6r
 " — 1 —

CHERISH 63 CHIROGRAPH
Cherish, 0110^15)1, r. f. [cherished (-isht), -ishixo.] etc.; weakness of intellect. — Child 'less, n. Desti-
To treat with tenderness; to hold dear, foster, com- tute of offspring. — Child^lessness, n.
fort,support^
Cheroot, she-roof, n. A kind of cigar.
Chiliad, kiKl-ad, n. A
thousand esp. 1,000 years.;

Chill, chil, a. Moderately cold; tending to cause shiv-

Cherry, cher''rl, n. (Bot.) A small stone-fruit, and ering; cool; formal; distant; depressed; dispirited.
the tree which bears it. A cordial composed of — A
disagreeable sensation of coolness, with
cherry -juice and spjrit. — a. Of the
color of, etc.
n.
shivering; a check to enthusiasm or warmth of feel-
Chersonese, ker'so-nes, ti. A peninsula. ing; discouragement. (Mttal.) method of cast- A
Chert, chert, II. {Mill.) An impure, flint-like quartz ing iron, so as quickly to cool the surface; a mold in
or hornstone. which to cast iron. v. t. —
[chilled (child), en ill-
Cherub, cher'ub, n. ; pi. Cher'cbs; Heh.pl. Cuer'- IXG.] To strike with a chill, make chilly, alfect
UBIM. (Script.) A mysterious composite being, de- with cold; to check enthusiasm, depress, discour-
scribed in Ezek. i. and x. one of two symbolical ;
age. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a
forming the .Mercy-scat upon the Ark of the
figures, change of crj^stallization near the surface, increas-
Covenant. One of an order of angels; a beautiful ing the hardness of the metal. —
Chill 'y, -T, a. Mod-
child, —
artists liaving represented cherubs as beau- erately cold. —
Chill'iness, Chill-'nesB, n. Chil'- —
tiful children. — Cherubic, -roo'bik, -bical, a. Pert, blain, -blan, n. A
blain on hand or foot, caused by
to, etc.; angelic. cold. —
r. t. To produce chilblains upon.
Cherup, cher'np, r. To chirp. — v. i. To excite t. Chimb, Chime, chini. Chine, n. Edge of a cask, formed
by cliirping. — n. A short, sharp noise, as of a cricket. by the ends of the staves.
Chess, dies, ii. A game played by two persons on a Chime, chim, n. Harmonious sound of bells, or other
board containing 04 squares. See Check. {Bot.) A musical instruments; a set of bells tuned to one an-
kind of grass growing anion"; wlieat. other ; correspondence of proportion, relation, or
Chest, chest, n. A box, to lioid articles; the part of sound. —
?•'.
i. [cHorED (chimd), ciiimixg.] To
the body inclosed by the ribs and breast-bone; thS- sound in harmonious accord to be in harmony ;
rax. (Com.) A case for transporting tea, opium, correspond; to jingle, as in rhyming.
;

v. t. To —
etc.; quantity such a case contains. move, strike, or cause to sound in harmony.
Chestnut, Chesnut, ches'nut, n. {Bot.) Tlie fruit of Chimera, kt-me'ra, n. (Myth.) A monster vomiting
a tree, inclosed in a prickly pericarp or bur; the tree flames, and having a
lion's head, goat's body, ana
itself: its timber. «. —
Of the color of a chestnut; dragon's A
vain or foolish fancy.
tail. Chimer- —
reddisli brown. ical, -mer''ik-al, a.Merely imaginary; capable of
Cheval-de-frise, shvaKde-frez, «• ; pl- Chevaux-de- no existence except in thought; fantastic; delusive.
FKI s E shvo'-de-frez
, F. : Chimney, chiiiT'nf, n. ; pi. Chim'xeys, -niz. Passage
proii. shvod'frez'. (Mil.) through which smoke is carried off; a glass tube
A timber traversed with above a flame, to create draught and promote com-
spikes, used for defense. bustion. (Mining.) A rich spot in a lode.
Chevalier, shev-a-ler'', n. A Chimpanzee, chim-pan''ze, n. The African orang-
liorseman knight gallant
; ; outang, a species of mon-
young man a member of; Cheval-de-frise. key resembling man.
certain orders of knighthood. Chin, chin, n. The lower ex-
Chevron, shev'run, n. (Her.) An honorable ordi- tremity of the face, below
nary, -representing two rafters of a house meeting the mouth.
at the top. (3fil..) Distinguishing marks on the China, chi''na, n. species A
A
|

sleeves of non-commissioned officers. (Ai-ch.) of earthen ware originallj-

zigzag ornament. made in China ; porcelain'.
Chew, choo, v. t. [chewed (chood), chewing.] To — Chi-'na as'ter. (Bot.) \\
bite and grind with the teeth, masticate; to rumi- species of the Aster fam-
nate mentally, meditate. v. i. To perform the — ily, having large flowers.
j

action of, etc. to meditate.

; n. Thing chewed, or — — C. grass. (Bot.) An Asi-
held in the mouth a4 once; a cud. atic nettle, having fibers
Chibouque, -bouk, che-bdok', n. Turkish tobacco A used for ropes, textile fab-
pipe. _ rics, etc.; ramie.
Chic, shek, n. _Style ; knack. — a. Stylish. Chincapin, chink''a-pin, n.
Chimpanzee.
Chicane. shT-kan^, n. An artful subterfuge, esp. ap- — (Bot.) The dwarf chestnut.
plied to legal proceedings; shift; cavil; sophistry.— Chinch, chinch, n. The bed-bug; an insect resem-
V. i. —
To use artifices. Chica-'nery, -ner-T, n. Mean bling the bed-bug in odor, destructive to grain.
or unfair artifice, to perplex a cause; trick; quibble. Chinchilla, chin-chiKla, n. A small rodent animal,
Chich. chich, n. A dwarf pea; chick-pea. having soft pearly-graj' fur. [Sp.]
Chick, chik. Chicken, chik'en, n. The young of fowls, Chincough, chin'kawf, n. (Med.) Hooping-cough.
esp. of the domestic hen; a young person. Chick''- — Chine, cliTn, n. The back-bone or spine of an animal;
en-pox, «. (Med.) A mild "disease of children, con- a piece adjoining the back-bone, cut lor cooking.
tagi(»us and eruptive. See Beef. The chimb of a cask. v. t. To sever
Chicory, chik'o-rT, n. A
plant used for adulterating the back-bone of.
CDifce succory endive. Chink, chink, ?;. A small cleft or fissure: a gap or
— —
: ;

Chide, chid, v. t. [imp. cniD or (ohs.) chode; p. p. crack. v.i. To crack, open. v.t. To open, or
cnii) or CHIDDEN cnrDixr;.] To rebuke, reproacn, fofln a fissure in; to fill up the chinks of.
—
;

blame, scold. v. i. To find fault; to make a rough, Chink, chink, n. A clink, or sharp sound, as of metal
clamorous, roaring noise. struck lightly; money; cash. ?-. t. —
[chixkei>
Chief, chef, a. Highest in rank or office; most emi- (chinkt), cmxKiXG.] To cause to sound by collis-
nent, influential, or important; principal; prime. ion. —
r. i. To make a small, sharp sound, as by
V. Head or leader; chieftain commander; most im- ; the collision of metal.
portant person or thing. (Her.) The upper part of Chinse, chins, v. t. (Ncmt.) To thrust oakum into
the escutcheon. —
Chief'tain, -tin, n. The head of a the seams or chinks of.
troop, army, or clan leader. ; Chintz, chints, n. Cotton cloth, printed in colors.
Chiffonier, she-to'nT-a'' or shif-fon-er'', 7i. recepta- A Chip, chip, V. t. [chipped (chipt), ciiirpixo.] To
cle for ra^sor shreds; a movable closet; a rag-picker. cut into small pieces. v. i. —
To break or fly off in
Chignon, snen^yox, n. A
woman's back-hair knotted small pieces. ?i. — A
piece of wood, stone, etc., sep-
at the back of the head. arated by a cutting instrument; fragment broken
Chilblain. See under Chill. off.
Child, child, n. ; j)l. Childrex, chiKdren. son or A Chipmunk, -monk, chip'^munk, -muck, -muk, n. A
daughter; immediate progen.y of human parents; a squin-el-like animal; the striped squirrel.
young person, yd. Descendants. Child'hood, n. — Chipplng-blrd, chip^ping-berd, n. An Amer. sparrow.
State of a child time in which one is a child. — Chirograph, ki'ro-graf, w. (Old Laiv.) writing re- A
;

Child'ish, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. puerile. Child''- — quiring a counterpart, —

a charter-party. Chirogra- — —
iahly, adv. —
Child'^ishness, n. State or qualities of.
;

pher, -rog'ra-fer, n. One proficient In writing.

stln, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boNboN, chair, get.
 CHIRP 64 CHRIST
Cliirograph''ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. — Chlrog'- adv. —Choragic, -raj^ik, a. Pert, to a choragus,—
raphist, n. A chirographer: one who tells fortunes the leader of a musical entertainment. Chorister, —
by examining the hand. — Chirog''rapliy, -f Art kOr'is-ter, ?«. One of a choir; a singer in a concert; a
of writing writing done with one's own hand.
;
T, ?i.
— leader of a choir.
CMrurgeon, -rer^iun, n. surgeon. A Choke, chok, v.f. [choked (chokt),CHOKiXG.] To ren-
{}hirp, cherp, v. i. [chirped (cherpt), chiepixg.] To der unable to breathe; to stifle, suffocate, strangle;
make a short, sharp sound, as fowls, birds, crickets, to obstruct by filling up or clogging; to hinder or
etc., do. —
v.i. To make cheerful, enliven. n. — A check. —
V. i. To have the windpipe stopped; to be
short, sharp note. —Chirrup, chtr-'rup, v. t. [chir- checked, as if by choking. Chok''er, n. One who, —
EUPED C-rupt), CHIRRUPING.] To animate'by chirp- or that which, chokes or puts to silence; that which
ing; to cherup. —
V. i. To chirp. n. Act of chirp- — cannot be answered; a collar or cravat. Chok''y, —
ing: chirp. —
CMr^rupy, -t, a. Cheerful; chatty. -t, a. Tending to, etc. Choke''-full, a. —
Full to
CMsel, Gliiz'^el, n. An instrument sharpened to a cut- choking, quite full. [See Chock-flll.] Choke'- —
ting edge, used in carpentry, .ioinery, sculp- cher'ry, -cner'rT, n. (£ot.) species of wild cherry, A
ture, etc. —
r. t. [CHISELED (-eld), -elixg.] To and its astringent fruit. damp, n. Carbonic acid
cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; to gas accumulated in wells, mines, etc., destructive —
cut close, as in a bargain.
CMsleu, chis'lu, n. Tlie 9th month of the He-
of life by preventing respiration. pear, -par, n.
A kind of pear having a rough, astringent taste.
—
brew year, —parts of November and Decem- Choler, koKer, 71. The bile, formerly supposed to —
ber. be the seat of ii-ascibility; irritation of the passions;
• Chit, chit, n. The first germination of a plant; anger; wrath. —
ChoKeira, -er-a, n. (Med.) A dis-
a shoot; sprout; a child or babe. Chifty, — ease characterized by bilious vomiting and purging,
-tY, a. Full of sprouts. —
Chit''chat, 11. Famil- and by spasms in the legs and arms. Cholera mor- —
iar or trifling talk: prattle. hus. A milder form of the disease. ChoKic, Cho- —
Chitterlings, chit''ter-lingz, n. pi. {CooTcenj.) lin-'ic, a. Pert, to the bile. ChoKeric, a. Abound- —
The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried ing with clioler, or bile; irascible; angry.
for food. Choose, chooz, v. t. [imp. chose (choz);p.2). chosejs'
<3hivalry, shiv'al-rY, n. A
body of knights serv- chisel or chose; choosixg.] "To make choice of, prefer,
ing on horseback: cavalry; the diraity or sys- elect. v.i. To make a selection, prefer; to have
tem of knighthood practice of knight-errantry;
; the power of choice. Choice, chois, n. — Act or
qualifications or character of knights. {Eng. Law J) power of choosing election preference care in,
; ;

—
;

A tenure of lands by knight's service. Chiv'alric, etc., discrimination thing chosen; best or prefer-
-alrous, -rus, a. Pert, to, etc.; gallant. OMv'al- — able part. —
;

a. Worthy of being, etc. ; selected with

rously, adv. care; uncommon; rare.
Chives. See Gives. Chop, chop, V. t. [CHOPPED (chopt), CHOPPIXG.] To
Chlorine, klo^rin, n. (Chem.) A heavy gas of green- cut into pieces; to mince; to sever by blows; to seize
ish color, — a constituent of common salt. ^Chlo''- — or devour greedily. v.i. To come upon or seize
ric, a. Pert, to, or obtained from, etc. Chlo^'rate, — suddenly. — w. Act of chopping; a stroke; piece
n. A salt formed by the union of chloric acid with chopped a piece of meat.
off, esp.
abase. — Chlc'ride, -rid, n. A
compound of chlo- Chop, chop, I'. <. To barter, exchange; to give back
rine with another element. —
Chloride of lime. A and forth, bandy. v.i. To wrangle, altercate,
combination of lime and chlorine, used in bleach- dispute. (N'aiit.) To veer or shift suddenly.
ing and disinfecting. —
Chlorid'ic, a. Pert, to a Chops, Chop-fallen, etc. See under Chap.
chloride. — Chlc'ridize, -iz, -idate, -at. v. t. To Choral, Chorister, Chorus, etc. See under Choir.
treat with a chloride; esp. (Phot.) to cover a plate Chord, k6rd, n. String of a musical instrument. (Mus.)
with chloride of silver. —
Chlc'rous, -rus, a. Elec- A harmonious combination of tones simultaneous-
tro-ne:^ative noting an acid containing equal parts ly performed. (Geom.) A right line, uniting the
;

of chlorine and oxygen. —

Chloriiia''tion, n. A extremities of the arc of a circle. See Segment. —
process for extracting gold by exposing auriferous V. t. To_provide with musical chords or strings.
material to chlorine gas. Chlc'ral, n.— com- A Chore, chor, n. A small job. pZ. Jobs about the house,
pound of chlorine, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, barn, etc., to be attended to at set times.
obtained by the action of chlorine upon alcohol. Chorea, ko-re-'a, M. (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a dis-
— C. hydrate. A compound of chloral with water, ease attended with irregular movements of the vol-
— used as a hypnotic. —
GhlCralism, -izm, n. A untary muscles.
TOorbid condition, from excessive use of chloral. Chorion, ko''rt-on, n. (Anat.) The exterior mem-
ChloraKum, n. An impure solution of chloride of brane investing the fetus in the womb. (Bot.) The
alumina, — antiseptic and disinfectant. ChlC'ro- — outer membrane of seeds. Oho^roid, n. {Anat.) —
•dyne, -dm, Ji. An anodyne medicine containing The second coat of the eye. See Eye.,— a. Pert.
chloroform, opium, etc. —
Chlc'roform, n. A voP to, etc.
atile compound of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, Chose, Chosen. See Choose.
— an important but dangerous anaesthetic agent. Chough, chuf, n. A
bird of the crow family.
V. t. To treat with, or place under the influence of, Chouse, chows, v. t. [choused (chowst), chousixg.]
etc. — Chlorc'sis, -ro'sis, ». {Med.) Greensickness, To cheat, trick, defraud. n. One easily cheated; —
— a disease of young females. {Bat.) disease A a tool; gull; a trick; a sham; imposition.
in plants, giving them a pale hue. CJiO'Wcho'W, chow'chow, a. Of several kinds mingled;
Chock, chok, v. t. To stop or fasten as with a wedge, mixed. n. A
kind of mixed pickles. [Chin.]
— —
V. i. To fill up, as a cavity.
—A
block, etc. n. Some- Chowder, chow'der, n. dish of fish, pork, biscuit,
thing to confine a cask, etc., by fitting into the space onions, etc., stewed. v. t. To make into, etc.
around or beneath it. —
Chock''-full, -ful, a. Com- Chrism, krizm, M. {Gr.SiRom. Cat h. Churches.) Oil
pletely full. consecrated by the bishop, formerly
Chocolate, chok^'o-lat,n. A
paste made from the seeds used in baptism, confirmation, ordina-
of the Theohroma cacao ; the beverage made by dis- tion, and extreme unction. Chris- —
solving chocolate-paste in boiling water. ma'' tion, 71. Act of applying, etc. —
Chogset, chog''set, n. An edible salt-water fish; the Cliris''matory, -to-rT, n. A vessel to
burgall, Conner, or blue perch. hold the chrism. — Chris^om, -um, rt.
Choice. See under Choose. Anointed with, etc. — n. A white ves-
Choir, Quire, kwir, ;/. An organized company of ture, so anointed, put on a child at
singers. (Arch.) The part of a church appropri- baptism or on a dead infant.
ated to the singers the chancel. The corporate Christ, krist, n. The Axoixted, an —
body of a cathedral.
;

—
Chorus, ko-'rus, n. Orig. a appellation of the Savior, synonymous
dance in a ring, round dance a dance with sing- ; with Heb. Messiah. —Christen, „, .

«.^nrisma-
ing; band of singers and dancers; that which is sung kris^'n, v. t. [cheistexed (-nd), -ex-
by, etc.; part of a song in which the company join to give a name, tory.
IXG.] To baptize
the singer. —
Cho^ral, «. Pert, to a choir: sung in denominate. —
;

Christendom, kris-'n-dum, n. That

chorus. — n. (_3Ius.) hymn-tune. A Cho'rally, — portion of the world in which Christianity prevails,

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Qdd, tone. 6r
 ;

CHROMATIC 65 CINQUE
opp. to lieathen or Mohammedan laiuls the whol Chum, chum, n. A chamber-fellow, esp. in a college.
body of Christians.— Christian, kris'chun, 71. be-
;

A — r. i. To occupy a chamber witli anotlier.

liever in the relij;ion of Christ; one born in a Chris- Chunk, chunk, n. "A short, thick piece of anything.
tian country. —
a. Pert, to Christ or his religion; — Chunk'y, -T, a. Short and thick.
professin;.; Christianity pert, to the church eccle- : Church, cherch,M. A building for Christian worship;
—
;

siastical. C/iri.<tif(ii name. Tlie name jriven in a body of Christian believers worshiping together,
—
baptism, opp. to the surname.— Christiajiity, kris- or having thesan^e rites and ecclesiastical authority;
cht-an'T-tl, n. The religion of Christians Christ's the collective body of Christians; ecclesiastical in-
teachings. —
Chris'tiamza''tion, -chun-I-za'shun,
;

fluence, authority, etc. —

?'. ^ [cmirciied (chercht),

n. Conversion to Christianity. Christianize, — CIIUKCHIXG.] To unite with m

imhlicly returning
-chuu-iz, V. t. [-IZED (-izd), -izixG.] To make thanks in church, as after childbirth Church'- —
Christian. —
Christian science, -si'ens. system A man, n. ; pi. -men. An ecclesiastic or clergyman;
of healing disease of mind and body which teaches ail Episcopalian, asdisting.fr. other Protestants. —
that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sick- Church^manship, ?). State of being, etc. Church'- —
ness, and death will be destroyed bv a full under- ward'en, -wawrd'n, n. An officer charged with the
Btandin": of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching pecuniary interests of a church or parish^ Church '- —
and healing. The svstem was founded b v Rev. Alary yard, n. Ground adjoining a church, in which the
Baker Eddy, of Concord, X. H., in l.S(J(), and bases dead are buried; a cemeteiy.
its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its Churl, cherl, ??. A
rustic; a "countryman or laborer;
adherents. —
Christian scientist, -si'en-tist. be- A a rough, surlj-, ill-bred man; one illiberal or miserlj';
liever in Chri-tian science; one who practices its a niggard.
teachings. —
Christ'less, krisf-, a. Having no faith Churn, chcm, n. A
vessel in which cream is sshaken,.
in Christ. —
Christmas, kris-'mas, n. The festival to separate the buttw from other parts. v. t, —
of Christ's nativity, Dec. 25th. —
Chrisfmas-box, n. [CHURNED (cluirnd), churning.] To agitate, in
A box in which presents are put at Christmas a order to make butter; to shake violently. v. i. To —
Christmas present. — tree, v.
hunar with presents and decorations at Christmas.
An evergreen
;

tree,
—
agitate cream, etc.
Chute, shoot, n. A
rapid descent in a river; an opening
Christol'ogy, -jl, n. A
treatise concerning Christ. in a dam lor descent of logs, etc. ; a shoot, a funnel
Chromatic, kro-mafik, a. Relating to color. (J/u5.) or slide for loading or unloading grain, coal, etc.
Proceeding bv the smaller intervals (half-steps or Chyle, kil, »?. {Fhi/siol.) Amilkyfluid, derived from
semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular in chyme, and enterinjc the circulation by the lacteal
tervals of the diatonic scale. —
Chromatic scale. — Chylifac'tion, Act or process by which
vessels. 7t.
(J/ms.) The scale consisting of 13 tones, including 8 chyle is formed. — Chylifac'tive, -tiv, ChyKifica'-
scale-tones and 5 intermediate tones, the interme- — tory, a. Formin°; into chyle. — Chylifica'tion, n.
diate tones having formerl}^ been printed in colors. Formation of chyle bj' digestive processes. — Chy'-
— Chromafics, 71. Science of colors. Chrc'mo- — lous, -lus, a. Consisting, or partaking of chyle.
lithog^raphy, n. Lithographv adapted for print- Ch3rme, kim, ?i. (Physiol.) The pulp formed" by food.
ing in oil colors. —
Chromo-lith''ograph, Chro'mo, in the stomach, mixed with the gastric secretions.
n. A lithographic picture in oil colors. Chymification, ktm''l-fT-ka''sliun. n. Process of be-
Chrome, kroin, Chromium, kro'ml-um, 71. hard, A coming chyme. — Chym'ify, -f 1, r. t. To form into-
.brittle, grayish-white metal, difficult of fusion.— chyme. —
Qhympus, kim'us, a. Pert, to chyme.
Chro'mic, a. Pert, to, or obtained fr., etc. Chro''- — Cicada, si-ka-'da, K. ; i^Z. -D.E, -de. (Entom.) hem- A
mate, n. (Chem.) A
salt obtained by the union of ipterous insect, the male of which makes a shrilly
chromic acid with a base. grating sound; the harvest fly.
Chronic, kron^'ik, -ical, a. Pert, or according to time; Oicatrice, sik'a-tris, n. A
scar remaining after a
continuing for a long time. —
Chronicle, k.ron'I-kl, wound is healed. —
Cicatrix, sWca'triks, n. ; pi.
n. A register of events in the order of time; a his- Cicatrices, sik-a-tri'sez. Same as Cicatrice. —
tory record. p7. Two books of the Old Testament. Cic'atrize, -triz, v. t. [-trized (-trizd) -trizing.J
— ;

V. t. [CHRONICLED (-kid), -CLING.] To record To heal and induce the formation of a cicatrice in.
in historjs register. —
ChronoKogy, -jt, «. Science — ?'. t. —
To heal or be healed. Cic'atriza''tion, n.
of computing time by periods, and assigning to Process of, etc.
events their proper dates. —
Chronol'oger, -ogist, n. Cider, si'der, n. A drink made from
apple juice.
—
One skilled in, etc. Chronolog'ic, -ical, a. Pert. Oi-devant, sed-voN', a. Former; previous.
to, etc. according to the order of time. Chron- — Cigar, sT-gar', 71. A
roll of tobacco, for smoking. —
—
;

olog'ically, adv. Chronom'eter, n. time- A Cig.arette'', -et-', n. A little cigar; tobacco rolled in
keeper; esp. a portable time-keeper of superior ac- paper for smoking.
curacy. Cimeter, sim''e-ter, 72. A short sword with a recurv-
Chryaaiidj kris'a-lid, Chrys^alis. n. pi. CHRYS-iL- ,• ated point, used by Persians and Turks.
IDES, -saKT-dez. A
form into which the caterpillar Cimmerian, sim-me'^rT-an, a. Pert, to the Cimmerii,
or larve of butterflies, moths, and some other in- a fabulous people said to have dwelt in dark cavesj
sects, passes, and from which the perfect insect intensely dark.
emorcres. —
a. Pert, to, or resembling, etc. Chrys- — Cinchona, sin-ko'na, «. (Bot.) A
genus of trees of
anthemum, -an'the-ninm, n. {Dot.) genus of A the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, produ-
composite plants, including the sunflower, mari- cing a medicinal bark, known as Peruvian or Jes-
gold, etc. uit's hark ; the bark itself.
Chubb, chub, n. A thick,
fresh-water fish of the carp Cincture, sink'cher, n. A
belt girdle that which
family. — Chub'bed,
-by. -bT, «. Like a chub; encompasses; inclosure. (Arch.) A ring at the top
; ;

plump, short, and thick. -Chub'tainess, n. and bottom of a column, separating the shaft from
Chuck, chuk, V. i. To iivike a noise like a hen calling the base and from the capital.
her chickens ; to cluck, laugh mockino;ly, in a — Cinder, sin'der, n. A
small particle remaining after
—
broKen, convulsive manner. r. t. To call," as a hen. combustion small coal, with ashes ember ; scale
— n. Call of a hen; a sudden small noise; word of
;

thrown olf in forging metal.

;

endearment. Cinematograph, sin'e-mat'o-graf, w. A machine for

Chuck, chuk, ?•. t. [chucked (chukt), chuceikg-] taking successive photographs of moving objects
j
To strike gently; to throw, with Quick motion, a also, one for producing, by the rapidlv successive-
short distance; to pitch. {Jfech.) To place in, or projection of such pictures upon a screen, the effect
hold by means of. a chuck. —
n. A slight blow un- of an animated scene.
der the chin. {3/ac7i.) A contrivance fixed to the Cinnabar, sin-'na-bar, n. Red sulphuret of mercury
mandril of a turning-lathe to hold the material to or quicksilver; vermilion.
be operated upon. Cinnamon, sin'na-mon, 71. The inner bark of a tree
Chuckle, chuk''!, v. t. Fchuckled (chukid), chuck- of Ceylon, aromntic and of a pungent taste.
ling.] To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck; to Cinque, sink, ?«. The number 5 upon dice or cards. —
fondle, cocker. n. — A—
short, suppressed laugh of Cinque'foil, n. (Bot.) A
plant having leaves resem-
exultation or derision. 1\ i. To laugh in a sup- bling the fingers of the hand. (Arch.) An orna-
pressed or broken manner. mental foliation having 5 points or cusps. i

eUzi, CQbe, fyll ; moon, f(J6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
S
 CION 66 CITRON
t/ion, Scion, si'un, 71. A young shoot or sprout of a — Circumnavigate, -nav-'t-gat, v. t. To sail around;
plant. pass round by water.— Circumnav''igable, -ga-bl, a.
Cipher, si'^fer, n. {Arith.) A character [0] which, —
Capable of being, etc. Cir'cumnav''iga''tion, n. Act
standing by itself, expresses notliing, but when • of, etc. — Cir'cumnav'iga''tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.
placed at the right hand of a whole number, in- — Circumpo'lar, a. About or near the pole. Cir'- —
creases its value tenfold. A cumposi'tion, -zish''un, n. Act of placing in a circle,
person of no worth a combi- ; or state of being so placed. —
Cir^cumscribe, -skrib,
nation of letters, as tlie initials V. t. [-SCRIBED (-skribd), -scribixg.] To inclose
of a name an enigmatical char- within a certain limit, hem in, limit, restrict, restrain.
acter ;
;

a private alphabet for — Circumscrip'tion, -skrip'shun, n. Exterior line

safe transmission of secrets. determining the form or magnitude of a bodj'; lim-
V. i. [ciphered (-lerd), ci- itation by conditions, restraints, etc.; bound; limit.
PHERING.] To practice arith- — Cir'cumspect, -spekt, a. Attentive to all the cir-
metic. —
V. t. To write in oc- Cipher. cumstances of a case; cautious; watchful; vigilant.
cult characters; to represent. — Circumspection, -spek''shun, w. Attention to, etc.;
Oircean, ser-se'an, a. Pert, to Circe, a fabled en- deliberation; wariness; forecast. Circumspect''ive, —
chantress magical noxious.
; ; -iv, a. Looking round every way careful of con-
—
;

——
Circle, ser''kl,,H. A
plane -figure, bounded by a curve sequences. Cir''cumspect'ly, adv. Cir'cumBpect''-
line called its circumference, every part of ^-""^ ness, M. Cir-'cumstance, -stans, n. The condition
which is ecjually distant irom a point / \ of things surrounding an event; something attend-
within it called the center ; the line bound- ing on a fact, though not essential tiiereto a partic- ;

ing such a figure a ci:cumierence. (As- ; ular incident or adjunct, pi. Condition in regard
iron.) An instrument of observation,, to worldly estate state of property.
; v. t. [-stanced —
whose graduated limb consists of an entire Circle, (-stanst), -STANCING.] To place relatively, or in a
circle. A
round body spliere orb compass cir- ; ; ; ; particular situation. —
Circumstantial, -stan'shal,
cuit; a company assembled about a central point of a. Consisting in, or pert, to, circumstances, or par-
interest a coterie; a series ending where it begins ticular incidents; abounding with, or exhibiting all
—
;
;

a form of argument in wliich unproved statements of, the circumstances minute particular.
; n. ;

are used to prove each other a province or princi- Something incidental to the main subject, but of
pality. — i'. ?. [CIRCLED
;

(-kid), CIRCLING.] To re- less importance. —

C. evidence. (Law.) Any evi-
volve around to encompass, inclose. v. i. To — dence not direct and positive. CiT'cumstan'tiaK- —
move circularly.
;

Cir'clet, -klet, n. —little circle, A ity, -shl-aKl-tT, n. State of anything as modi-

as of gold, etc. ; a round body orb. Cir''c'alar, — fied by circumstances particularity in exhibiting
-ku-lar, a. Pert, to a circle; round; repeating itself;
;

circumstances minuteness.
;
;

Cir^cumstan'tially, —
illogical inconclusive adhering to a fixed circle of -shal-lT, adv. According to circumstances in every
;

legends; cyclic mean address to a number of per-

;
;

; particular. —
Cir'cTmistan''tiate, -shlf-at,
;

v. t. To
sons having a common interest. n. circular letter, A place in particular circumstances to enter into de-
copies of which are sent to various persons. Cir''- — tails concerning. — Circumvallate, -vaKlat, To
;

v. t.
cularly, adv. —
Cir^culate, -lat, i-. i. To move in a surround with a rampart. — Cir'cumvalla'tion, n.
circle; to pass round; to pass from place to place, (Mil.)Act of surrounding with a wall; a line of field
—
hand to hand, etc. v. t. To cause to pass, etc.; to works surrounding the c&mi) of a besieging army.
diffuse; disseminate. —
CiT'culable, -la-bl, a. Capa- Circumvent', v. t. To gain ad-\-antage over, by arts,
ble of being, etc. —
Circula'tion, n. Act of, etc.; cur- stratagem, or deception; to deceive, delude. — Cir-
rency: circulating coin, bills, etc.; extent to which cumvention, -ven''shun, n. Lecepticn: fraud; im-
anything circulates. Cir'culator, -ter, n. — Cir''cu- — posture. —Circumvenfive, -iv, a. Deceiving by ar-
latory, -rT, a. Circular; circulating. tifices. —
Circumvest', v. t. To cover round as with
Circuit, ser-'kit, n. Act of moving or revolving a garment. —
Circumvolve, -vclv', v. t. [-volved
around a journeying from place to place in the ex- (-volvdO, -voLvixG.] To roll round, cause to re-
;

ercise of one's calling region passed over in such a ; volve. — V. i. To revolve.

journey, esp. that over Avhich jurisdiction, as of a Circus, s5r''kus, n. ; jpZ. Cir'^cuses, -ez. (Boman An-
judge, etc., extends; that which encircles anything, tiq.) An open or inclosed space, or the edif.cc in-
as a crown distance around any space space in-
; ; closing it, for games and shows. ciicular inclos- A
closed witliin a circle, or within certain limits. v. t. — ure, for feats of horsemanship; the company ol per-
To move or make to go round. Circiiito'as, -ku'I- — formers in a circus, with equipage.
tus, a. Going round in a circuit; indirect. Cirrus, str'rus, m. ,• jsZ. Cir-'ri, -ri. (Bot.) tendril. A
Circumambient, ser-kum-am''bT-ent-,- a. Surrounding; (Meteor.) A
form of cloud composed ol tliin fila-
inclosing on all sides. Circumam''bulate, -lat, v. i. — ments, resembling a brush or masses of wooUj" hair.
To walk round about. Circumam''bTila''tion, n. — (Zool.) A slender, fringe-like appendage.
Act of, etc. —
Circumbend'ibus, n. A circuitous Cisalpine, sis-aKptn, a. On the hither (Reman) side
route. [Vulgar.'] — Cir'cumcise,
[-cised -siz, v. t. of me Alps, —
i. e. south of the Alps. Cisatlan''tic, —
<-sizd), -CLSixG.] To cut off the foreskin of, in the a. On this side of the Atlantic Ocean.
case of males, or the internal labia, in females. Cist, sist, n. (Arch.) A
chest or basket. (Antiq.) A
(Script.) To render holy. Circumcision, -sizh'un, — Celtic tomb having a stone chest covered with slabs.
n. Act of, etc. (Script.) Rejection of the sins of the — Cis'tern, n. A
reservoir for water or other liquids.
flesh; spiritual purification; the Jews, as disting. fr. Cistercian, sis-ter''shan, 71. One of an order of Bene-
Tincircumcised races. Circumclusion, -klu'^zhun, n.— dictine monks established orig. at Citeaux, France.
Act of inclosing on all sides. Circumduct, -dukt', — Cit, Citadel, Citizen. See under City.
v.t. To lead about or astray. (Laiv.) To contravene Cite, sit, V. t. To call upon ofiicially or authoritative-
nullify. —
Circumduc'tion, n. leading about, an A ly ; to summon to quote, name, or repeat, as the
;

annulling. —
Circum''ference, -fer-ens, n. The line words of another to call or name, in proof or con-
—
;

that encompasses a circular figiire; periphery; space firmation of. Cifal, n. Summons to appear; cita-
included in acircle; anything ci'-cular: external sur- tion; quotation. —
Cita'tion, w. Oflficial call or no-
face of a sphere or orbicular body. Cir'^cumflex, n. — tice to appear; paper containing such notice; act of
A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall citing a passage from another per.'ion; words quoted;
•on the same syllable; a character, or accent, denot- enumeration; mention. —
Cit 'atory, -rT, a. Having
—
ing in Greek a rise and fall of the voice on the same the power or form of citation. Cit'^er, n.
-long syllable, marked thus[~or^], and in Latin Cithern, sith'^ern, Cit'^tern, n. musical instrument,A
and some other languages, a long and contracted like the guitar.
syllable, marked [ a ]. r. t. To mark or pronounce — Citron, sifrun, n. A
tree cultivated for its fruit_; the
with a circumflex. —
Circum'fluent, -fluous, -fl(x>-us, preserved rind of the fruit. Cit'rate, -rat, n. —
a. Flowing around; surrounding in the manner of (Chem.) A
salt formed by the union of citric acid
a fluid. —
Clreumfuse, -fuz'', v. t. To pour round, and a base. —
Cifric, a. Of, or pert, to, an acid in
spread round. —
Circunija''cent, -sent, a. Lying the juice of lemons and allied fruits. Cifrine, -rin, —
around; bordering on every side. Cir'cumldcu''- — a. Like a citron or lemon of a lemon color. ; n. —
tion, -ku'shun, n. circuit A
of words; periphrase. (Mill.) A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; to, Ice ; Odd, tone, 8r
 — — —

CITY 67 CLAUSE
«Ut^, sifT, n. A
large or corporate town inhabitants der firm bj' a clamp. — To v. i. tread heavily or
of a city. —
Cit'izen, -T-zen, n. inhabitant of a An
;

clumsily; to clump.
city a freeman of, etc., disting. ir. one not entitled
; Clan, klan, n. A
tribe or collection of families, united
to its franchises a native born or naturalized in- under a chieftain, and bearing the same surname i
— Cifizenship. n. State of
;

habitant of a country. a clique; a sect, societv, or bodv of persons. Clan''- —

being, etc. Cit, n. A pert townsman. — Cit'adel, nish, a. Closely united, like a cfan; disposed to unite.
n. A
fortress in a fortitted city. Civic, siv'ik, a. — Clandestine, klan-des'tin, a. Withdrawn from pub-
Pert, to, or derived fr., a city or citizen. CiVil, a. — lic notice; kept secret underhand; sly; fraudulent.
;

Pert, to a city or state, or to a citizen in his civic re- Clang, klang, v. t. [clanged (klangd), clanging.}
lations; lawful er political, as opp. to military; pert. To strike together with a ringing metallic sound. —
to an organized community; civilized; having the V. i. To produce, etc. n. — A
ringing sound. Clangor,, —
manners of one dwelling in a citv; courteous; com- klan'gor, n. A
sharp, shrill, harsh sound. Clan'- —
plaisant. —
Civil death. {Law.) "that which cuts off gorous, -us, a. Making a clangor. Clank, klank, —
a man from civil society, or its rights and benefits. n. The loud, ringing sound made by a collision of
— C. engineering. Science of constructing public sonorous bodies. —
r. t. and i. [clanked (klankt)^
works. — C law. The law
of a state, city, or coun- CL.\NKiNG.] To make, etc.
try; esp., the municipal law of the Roman empire. Clap, klap, r. t. [clapped (klapt), clapping.] To
—C ivar. A
war between citizens of the same coun- strike with a quick motion, making a noise by the
try. —
C. year. The legal year, apijointed by the collision; to thrust, drive, or put, liastily or abruptly';
government. —
Civ'illy, -It, adv. Civilian, st-viK- — to manifest approbation of, by striking the hands,
yan, n. One skilled in the civil law one engaged together. —
v. i. To come together suddenly with,
in pursuits of civil life, not military or clerical.
;

— noise ; to strike the hands together in applause ;

CiviKity, -T-tt, n. Courtesy of behavior; politeness to enter briskly. ?i_ — A
loud noise made by collis-
good-breeding, pi. Acts of politeness courtesies. — ;

ion a stroke ; thrust sudden explosion striking of

;

—
; ; ;

Civilize, -iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To re- hands in approbation. Clap'per, n. One who, or
claim from a savao:e state to educate, refine. ;
— that which, etc.; the tongue of a bell. Clapboard, —
Civ'ilized, a. Reclaimed, etc. cultivated. CiV- — klab'berd, n. In Amer., a board thicker at one edge
—
;

Uiz^able, a. Civ'iliza'tioii, n. Act of, or state of than at the other, for covering houses; in Eng., a.
being, etc. —
Civ'ism, -izm, n. State of citizenship. stave. —
V. t. To cover with clapboards. Clap'trap, —
Gives, sivz. Chives, chivz, n.; pi. n. Atrick to gain applause. a. Not genuine. —
A species of garlic, growing in Clap'perclaw, v. t. To fight and scratch; to revile,,
tufts. scold.
Civet, siv'et, n. A substance of a Claque, klak, n. A
collection of persons engaged to
musky odor, used as perfume. applaud a theatrical performance. Claquer, kla- —
(Zobl.) A carnivorous animal ker', n. One employed, etc.
producing civet, ranking be- Clarence, klar^'ens, n. A
close four-wheeled carriage.
tween the weasel and fox, na- ri-irof
'"^^^'=-
Clarendon, klar'en-dun, n. {Frini.) narrow, heavy- A
five of North Africa. faced type, of all sizes.
Clabber, klab'berj.w. Milk turned so as to become thick 15^" This line
or inspissated. —
v. i. To turn thick.
is in Clarendon type.
Clack, klak, v. i. [clacked (klakt), clackixg.] To Clare-obscure, klar'ob-skur, Claro-obscuro, kla'ro-ob-
make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or crack- skoo^ro, 71. Light and shade in painting; a design
ing to clink, click; to talk rapidly and continuallj''. of two colors.
— ;

V. t. To cause to make a sudden noise; to clink; to Claret, klar'et, n. A

French pale wine ; a dark-red
utter rapidly and inconsideratelj'. «. sharp, ab- — A wine from Bordeaux, etc.
rupt sound made by striking; anything that causes t. [-fied (-fid), -fying,] To make
Clarify, klar'I-fi, v.
a clacking noise; continual talk; prattle; prating. clear,purify from feculent matter, defecate, fine;
Claim, klam, v. t. [claimed (klamd), claimixg.] to brighten or illuminate.^ r. To become pure, ?'.

To call for, challenge as a right, demand as due. as liquors; to grow clear or bright.
— V. i. To be entitled to anything. n. demand — A Clarion, klar'T-un, n. A
kind of trumpet, whose note
of a right or supposed right; a right to demand; title is clear and shrill. —
Clar'ionef, ClaT'lnet, n. A
to anything in possession of another thing de- ; wind reed instrument, used in military bands.
manded that to which one has a right, (ilining.) Clash, klash, ii. i. [clashed (klasht), clashino.3
A
;

space of ground worked under the law. Claim''- — To dash noisily together, come in collision, inter-
—
ant, n. One who claims.— Cla''mant, a. Crying earn- fere. —
V. U To strike noisily against. n. meet- A
estly clamorously
; beseeching. Clam'' or, klam'- ^ ing with violence contradiction, as between con-
;

5r, n. Loud and continued shouting or exclama- flicting interests, purposes, etc.
tion; loud noise; uproar; vociferation. v. t. [clam- — Clasp, Iclasp, n. A
catch, for holding together the
ored (-5rd), -ORIN'G.] To salute or stun with noise. parts of anything; a close embrace, —v. t. [claspei>
— V. i. To vociferate, make importunate demands. (klaspt), clasping.] To shut or fasten together
— Clarn'orous, -u.<, a. Noisy; turbulent. with a clasp; to embrace, grasp. Clasp'er, /?. One —
Clairvoyance, klar-voi'ans, n. power, attributed A who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. Clasp'- —
to mesmerized persons, of discerning objects not knife, -nif , n. knife,A whose blade folds into the
present to tlic senses. —
Clairvoy'ant, a. Pert, to, handle.
etc.— «. One who, etc. Class, klas, n. A
group of individuals possessing
Clam, klam, n. {Conrh.) A bivalve shell-fish. pi. common characteristics a number of students of ;

(Ship Carp.) Pincers for drawing nails, p?. (Alech.) the same standing an order or division of animate
A kind of vise. or inanimate objects.
;

—
v. t. [classed (klast), class-
Clam, klam, v. t. [cl.^mmed (klamd), clammixg.] ing.] To form into classes, rank together. v. i.
To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. r. i. — To be grouped or classed. Class'mate, n. One in —
To be moist or sticky. —
Clam'my, -mt, a. Soft and the same class. —
Clas'sic, -sical, a. Of the first
sticky. —
Clam''mines3, n. class or rank, esp. in literature or art orig. pert, to ;

Clamber, klam^ber, v. i. [-bered (-herd), -berixo.] the best Gi'eek and Roman writers, now, also, to
To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. the best modei-n authors pert, to the Greeks and
Clamor, etc. See under Claim. Latins chaste ; pure refined.
;
;

Clas''Bic, n.
;
— A
Clamp, klamp, n. A
piece of timber or iron, to fasten work of acknowledged excellence one learned in ;

work together; a mass of bricks heaped the classics. —

Clas'sify, -sT-fi, r. t. [-fied (-fid),
up to be burned, or of ore to be smelted, -fyixg.] To distribute into classes, arrange, rank,
or of coal to be converted to coke. svstematize. —
Clas^sifica'tion, n. .

(Ship-bttilding.) A
plank on the inner Clatter, klafter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
part of a ship's side, to sustain the make rattling sounds to rattle with the tongue,
beams. One of a pair of pieces of soft prate. — v. t- To strike
;

and make a rattling noise. —

material, to cover the jaws of a vise a n. A repeated rattling noise.
heavy footstep. v. t. [clamped — ;

Clamp.
Clause, klawz, n. A separate portion of a written
(klampt), clamping.] To unite or ren- paper, paragraph, or sentence. ( Gram.) portion A
siin, cQbe, full ; moon, tSbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CLAUSTRAL 68 CLIP
of a sentence containing a finite verb and its ad- church benefit of clergy.
; —
Bem'fit of clergi/.
junct. {Eng. Laio.) Exemption of clergymen from crim-
CUujtral. See under Cloister. inal process before a secular judge once ex- —
Clavicle, klav't-kl, n. (Anat.) The collar-bone. tended to all who could read, but now abolished.
Claw, klaw, n. A
sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or — Cler'gyable, a. Entitled to, or admitting, the
bird; a talon. r. t. —
[clawed (klawd), clawing.] benefit of clergy.— Cler'gyman, ?».; ;jZ. -men. An
—
To pull, tear, or scratch with claws or nails to get ordained minister. Cleric, kler'ik, n. clerk, or A
—
;

oit' or fscape. clergyman. dermic, -leal, a. Pert, to the clergy;

Olay, kia, n. A soft earth, consisting of alumina and also to a clerk or copyist. —
Cler'icallsm, -izm, n.
silic.i, with wiiter. {Foetr// and Sonpt.)
• Eartli Clerical domination or influence. —Clerk, klerk, w.
in general, as representing the elementary particles Orig., an educated person; scholar; in Eng., a lay
of the human body the human body.; v. t. — parish officer, who leads in reading the responses o'f
[CLAVEU (klad), claVi.vg.] To manure with clay ; the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists
to purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. in it; a scribe; penman; accountant; an assistant in
Claymore, kLi'mor, ;;. A two-handed sword formerly a shop or store, who sells goods, keeps accounts, etc.
used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Pron. Mark in England.] —
Clerk^ly, a. Scholar-
Clean, kien, a. Free from dirt, or from that which is like. —
Clerk'^sliip, n. Condition or business of, etc.
injurious; without defects; adroit; dexterous; free Clever, klev'er, a. Possessing skill, talent, or adroit-
from restraint or limitation; complete; sinless; pure. ness; showing skill in the doer; having iitness, pro-
(Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement. adv. — priety, etc.; well-shaped, handsome, good-natured,
Without limitation or remainder; quite; entirely; kind-hearted, [^mer.] Clev'erly, adv.— Clev'er- —
dexterously; adroitly. v. t. [cleaned (klend), ness, n.
CLEANING.] To free from dirt, purify, cleanse. Clevis, klev'is, Clevy, klev'r, n. A draft-
— Clean^ly, klen'^lt, adv. In a clean manner; iron on the end of a cart-tongue or plow-
neatly. — Clean''ness, n. — Clean''ly, klen''II, a. beam.
Habitually clean, avoiding defilement innocent; ; Clew, Clue, klu, n. A
ball of thread; thread j
pure; cleansing adroit artful. Cleanlily, klen''-
; — used as a guide in a labyrinth; that which p,
—
;

IT-IT, adv. In a cleanlj'' manner. Clean''lines3, n. guides one in anything doubtful or iiitri- *^J-S'^s.
— Cleanse, klenz,v. t. [cleansed (klenzd), cle..\.ns- cate. {Naut.) The outer lower corner of a sail.
ING.] To render clean. —
v. i. To become clean. V. t. [clewed (klud), clewing.] {Naut.) To draw
Clear, kler, /*. {Carp.) Full extent ; distance be- Lip to the yard, as a sail. To direct, as by a thread.
tween extreme limits. — a. Free from opaqueness, Click, klik, v. i. [clicked (klikt), clicking.] Tc
blemish, guilt, obstacle, etc.; able to perceive clear- make a small, sharp noise, as by gentle striking; tu
ly; acute; unbiased; distinctly heard audible; man- tick. —
n. A
small, sharp sound; a peculiar articu-
ifest; plain distinct. —
adv._ Plainly; quite en-
;

lation used by natives of Southern Africa, —n. A

tirely. —V. t.
;

[cleared (klerd), clearing.] To

;

small piece of iron, falling into a notched wheel; a

free from obscurity, etc.; to leap or pass by, or over, detent; pawl.
without touching or failure; to remove so as to leave Client, kli''ent, n. {Rom. Aniiq.) A citizen under the
something unobstructed. v. i. To become clear — protection of a patron. A dependent; one who aiJ-
from cloiids or fog; to become disengaged. {Bank- plies to a lawyer for advice, direction, etc., in a
ing.) To make exchanges and settle balances. question of law.
'{Naut.) To obtain a clearance, and sail from port. Cliif, klif, n. A
high, steep rock; precipice.
— Clear-'ing-house, ?i. {Banking.) The place where Climacteric. See under Climax.
clearing carried on.
is —
Clear'sighted, -slfed, a. Climate, kli'mat, ?i. {Anc. Geog.) Oneof 30 zonesof
Having acute sight.— Clear-sightedness, w.— Clear-- the earth, parallel to the equator. Condition of a
starch, V. t. To stiffen with starch, and then clear place in relation to temperature, moisture, etc.
by clapping wi_th the hands. Clear''-story, -stc'rT, — Climat'^ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or limited by climate.
Clerestory, kler''sto-rt or kler'es-to-rl, n. — Cli''matize, -tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To
{Arch.) An tipper story or row of windows, acclimate. v. i. —To become acclimated. Clima- —
€sp. in a Gothic church, rising clear above tology, -jT, n. Science of, or a treatise on, climates.
adjoining parts of the building. Clear'- — Climax, kli'maks, n. {Rhet.) An arrangement in
stuS, n^ Boards, etc., free from knots. which a sentence rises, as it step by step, in impor-
Cleat, klet, n. {Carj).) A
strip of wood nailed tance, force, or dignity. The highest point. Cli- —
to something to strengthen or fasten it. macteric, kli-mak'ter-ik or klim-ak-tgr''ik, a. Pert,
{Naut.) A
piece of wood, to belay ropes to. p, . to a critical period of life. n. — A
critical period in
A piece of iron to render shoes more durable, '-'^^ac. human life, or one in which change is supposed to
— V. t. To strengthen with a cleat. take place in the constitution; any critical period.
Cleave, klev, v. i. [imp. cleaved (klevd) or {ohs.) — Grand or great climacteric. The 6-jd year.
CLAVE ; p. p. cleaved ; cleaving.] To adhere Climb, klim, v. i. ort. [climbed (klimd) or {ohs. or vul-
closely, stick, hold fast to be united closely in in-
; gar) clomb (kl5m), climbing.] To ascend by means
terest or alfection; to be adapted; to agree. of hands and feet; to mount laboriously or slowly.
Cleave, klev, v. t. [imp. cleft or {ohs.) clave ajid Clime, klim, n. Same as Climate.
clove; i). p. cleft or cleaved (klevd); cleaving.] Clinch, klinch, Clench, v. t. [clinched (klincht),
To part or divide by force, split, rive; to part or clinching.] To make or hold fast, grasp, gripe;
open naturally, divide. v. i. —
To part, open, crack. to render firm, confirm, establish. n. Act or pro- —
— Cleav'er, n. One who, or that which, cleaves, cess of, etc.; or that which serves to hold fast; a
esp. a butcher's meat-chopper. Cieav^age, -ej, n. — pun. {Naut.) A
kind of knot and seizings to fasten
Act of, etc. {Cnjstullog.) Quality of splitting or di- a cable or gun to ring-bolts.
viding naturally. Cleft, n. — opening, or a piece, An Cling, kling, v. i. [clung, clinging.] To adhere
made by splitting crack ; crevice; chink. {Far.)
; closely, hold fast, esp. by winding round or em-
A crack in the bend of the pastern. bracing. V. t.—To cause to adhere to.
Clef, kief, n. {Miis.) A
character in musical nota- Clinic, klin'^ik, -ical, o. Pert, to abed; confined to
tion to determine the position bed by illness bed-rislden. —
Clin^ic, n. One con-
and pitch of the scale as rep- fined, etc. — ;

Clinique, -ek'', n. An
examination of
resented on the staff. diseased persons by medical professors in presence
Cleft. See under Cleave. of their pupils. [F.]
Clematis, klenT'a-tis, ?i. ge- „ „, „ „, A Clink, klink, j;. t [clinked (klinkt), clinking.] To
nusof climbing plants. "^ L/iet. a <^lei.
,.

make a small, sharp, ringing sound. n. ring- — A

Clement, klem'^ent, a. aiild in " Clef. . ing sound. —
Clink'' er,n. Several bricks united by
temper and disposition; lenient; tender; indulgent. heat; scoria, or refuse of a furnace; vitrified mat-
— Clem''ency, -sT, 71. Quality of being, etc. ter ejected from a volcano.
Clench. See Clinch. Clip, kilip, V. t. [clipped (klipt), clipping.] Ori".,
Clerestory. See under Clear. to embrace, encompass; to cut off, as with a single
Clergy, kler''jT, n. The body of ecclesiastics, as disting. stroke; to curtail,- cut short. v. i. —
To move swift
fr. the laity; in Eng., ministers of the establisheVl ly. — n. An embrace; a cutting; shearing; product

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 CLIQUE 69 COAPTATE
of a shearing; a blow or stroke with the hand.
siny:le Clove, klov, n. (Bot.) One of the small bulbs devel.
— Clip'per, n. One who clips; csp. who cuts ott oped in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.
edges of coin. {Xaut.) A
fust-sailing vessel, hav- Clover, klo'ver, «. {Hot.) plant of the grass kind.A
ing the bow sharp and long. Clip'ping, n. Act — Clown, klown, 7t. A husbandman; rustic; an ill-bred
of embracing, cutting off, or curtailing ; thing man the fool in a play, circus, etc.
; v. i. To act —
clipped off. as a clown. —
Clown'ish, a. Like, etc.: ungainly;
Clique, klek, w. A
narrow circle of persons; coterie. boorish. —
Clown^ishly, adv. Clown 'ishness, n. —
Cloak, klok, n. A
loose, outer garment; a disguise or Cloy, kloi, t'. /. [cloyed (kloid), CLOYING.] To glut,
pretext. — (. [cloaked (klokt), cloakixg.] To
!-•. or satisfy, satiate, surfeit.
cover with a cloak; to hide or conceal. Club, klub, n. A
heavy staff, -wielded with the hand;
Clock, klok, n. An instrument for measuring time. one of the suits of cards, having a figure like the
Clod, klod, n. A
lump or mass, esp. of earth, turf, or clover-leaf. r. ^ —
To strike with a club. Club'- —
clay; the ground, earth; the body as compared with foot, n. A short, deformed foot.
the soul; a dull, stupid fellow; a dolt. v.i. To — Club, klub, An
association of persons for some
71.
collect into concretions ; to clot. v. t. To pelt — common object, at joint expense. v. i. and t. To —
with clods. combine to promote some conunon object; to pa}'
Clog, klog, V. t. (klogd), CLOGGiXG.] To en-
[CLOGGED one's proportion of a common expense.
cumber, or load, esp. with something tkat sticks fast; Cluck, kluk, V. i. [clucked (klukt), clicking.] To
to obstruct so as to hinder motion, choke up, em- make the noise of a brooding hen. v. t. To call, as- —
barrass, impede, hamper. v. i. To become loaded a hen does her chickens. n. (I'roti.) peculiar — A
or encumbered; to coalesce or adhere. n. That — articulation used by natives of South Africa.
which hinders motion; an embarrassment; a heavy Clue. Same as Clew.~
shoe; wooden shoe. Clump, klump, n. A
shapeless mass of wood, etc.: a
Cloister, klois'ter, n. A covered arcade; a monastic cluster of trees; the compressed clay of coal strata.
establisliment. v. t. —
[cloisteked (-terd), -tee- Clumsy, klunT'zt, a. Without grace of shape, man-
ixo.] To confine in a cloister. Clois'tral, Claus''- — ners, etc.; awkward; uncouth.
tral, klaws'tral, a. Pert, to, or confined in, etc. — Clung. See Cling.
Clois'terer, n. An inmate of, etc. Cluster, klus'ter, n. number of similar things A
Cloke. See Cloak. growing, joined, or collected together; a crowd.
[closed (klozd), closing.] To
— v.To
Close, kloz, V. t. V. i. [clustered (-terd), -tering.] grow in
bring together the parts of to stop, shut; to bring; clusters, gather in a bunch or mass. t. To col-
to an end, conclude; to inclose, encompass, confine. lect into a bunch or close body.
— V. i. To come together, unite or coalesce; to end, Clutch, kluch, V. t. [clutched (klucht), clutching.I
terminate. n. Union of parts; junction; terminal To seize, clasp, or gripe
tion; end; a grapple in wrestling. {Mus.) End —n with the hand to close
of a strain of music; cadence. An inclosed —W tightly, clinch. — v.i. ;

To
place; esp. a field or piece of land; a passage T] catch, snatch. — n. A-
from a street to a court, and the houses witn- JJ gripe seizure; grasp.'
;

in the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.

;
pi„s.p — ilfacli.') projecting A
Clo'sure, -zhur, n. Act of shutting a clos-^ °^' ; piece, for connecting
ing; that wliich shuts, incloses, or confines; end; shafts, so as to be disen-
conclusion. —
To close ivith. To accede, consent, or gaged at pleasure the
agree; to grapple with. —
Close, klos, a. Shut fast; aross-head of a piston-rod.
;
Clutch.
closed; tignt: pent up; confined; secret; stagnant; pi. The hands hence, power ; ; rapacity.
without motion or ventilation; secretive; reticent; Clutter, klufter, ?i. A confused collection; confu-
parsimonious niggardly dense solid compact;
; ; ; ; sion; disorder. — I', t. [cluttered
-teking.} (-terd),
adjoining; near; intiniate; confidential; adhering To crowd together in disorder, fill with things in
to rule; strict; accurate; precise; evenly balanced; confusion. — v. i. Ta make a bustle, or fill with
doubtful. —
adv. In a close manner. Clos'et, — confusion.
kloz'et, n. A
room for retirement or privacy; a Clyster, klis'^ter, n. {Med.) An injection into the
small, close apartment, for utensils, articles of fur- bowels^
niture, etc. —
I', t. To shut up in a closet to take Coach, koch, n. A large, close, four-wheeled carriage.
into a private room for consultation.
;

— v.t. To convey m a coach; to cram, or prepare

Clot, klot, n. A concretion, esp. of a soft, slimy char- for an examination.
acter; a coagulation. —
v.i. To concrete or coagu- Coadjutor, ko-ad-ju'^ter, n. One who aids another, or
late; to be formed into clots or clods; to become is empowered to perform the duties of another; as-
gross. sistant co-worker. ; Coactju'trix, n. —
feTuale as- A
Cloth, kloth, n. A
woven stuff of fibrous material; a sistant. —
Coad^jutant, a. Mutually assisting.
profession, or the members of it, esp. the clerical Coagent, ko-a^jent, n. An assistant or associate.
profession. —
Clothe, kloth, r. t. [clothed (klotlid) Coagulate, ko-ag'u-lat, v. t. To cause to change intO'
Of clad, CLOTHIXG.] To put garments upon, fur- a curd-like state, said of liquids. —
v.i. To un-
nish with raiment ; to cover or invest, as with a dergo coagulation, thicken, curdle.
garment. —v. i. To wear clothes. Cloth'ing, n. — Coal, Kol, n. Wood charred, or partially burnt; char-
—
Raiment: covering. Cloth'ier, -yEr, «. One who coal. (3Jin.) A black, solid, combustible substance,,
makes, sells, dresses, or fulls cloth. consisting mainly of carbon, used for iuel. v. t. —
Cload, klowd, n. A collection of visible vapor sus- [coaled (kold), coaling.] To burn to coal, char;
pended in the atmosphere; a mass of smoke or dust to mark with charcoal; to supply with coal. v.i. —
resembling vapor; a dark vein or spot in marble, To take in coal, said of steani-ves^els. — Coal'- —
etc.; that which has a lowering or threatening as- ery, -er-T, Colliery, koKyer-1, n. A place where coal
pect; a great crowd or multitude. v. t. To be — is dug. —
Coll'ier, -j'er, n. A digger of, or dealer in,
overspread with clouds; to render dark or obscure; coal; a vessel for transporting coal. CoaKy, -T, o. —
to variegate with colors. v. i. —
To grow cloudy or Pert, to or containing coal. Colly, kOKl, ??. Black, —
obscure. —Cloud'y, -T, a. Overcast or obscured grime or soot of coal or burnt wood. v. t. [col-
with, or consisting of, clouds lacking clearness ; ; LiED (koKid), -lying.] To render black.
not easily understood having the appearance of Coalesce, ko'a-les', v. i. [coalesced (-lest''), coa-
;

gloom ; marked with veins or spots. Cloud'ily, — lescing.] To grow together: unite into one massr
-T-lt, nr/r. —
Cloud 'iness, n. Cloud'less, a. Un-— unite in society'. —
Coalition, -lish-'un, ?i. Union in
clouded. a body or mass; a temi)orafy combination of per-
Clout, klowt, n. A
piece of cloth, leather, etc., for a sons, parties, states, etc., having different interests;-
patch; the center of an archer's butt; an iron plate confederacy; coinbination: consjiiracy.
—
on an axletree. v. t. To cover with cloth or other Coamings, Combings, kom'ingz, ?;./<?. (N'aut.') The
material; to patcli, join in a clumsy manner ; to raised borders or edges of the hatches.
guard with an iron plate. Coaptate, ko-ap''tat, v. t. To adjust, as parts to each
Clove, klov, n. A
pungent aromatic spice, the unex- other, —
esp. (Surr/.) to adjust the parts of a broken
panded flower-bud of the clove tree. bone. —
Coaptation, -ta''shun, n. Adaptation of, etc.

stin, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tlien, boxboN, chair, get.
 COARSE 70 COFFER
Coarse, kors, a. Large in bulk, or composed of large when suspended from the cat-head, ready to drop-
parts; not refined or nice; gross; rougn; indelicate. A room under the lower gun-deck, used
pit, n.
— Coarse'ly, -IT, adv. CoarsCness, 7i. — for the wounded during action. — Cockswain, kok'-
Coast, kost, w. Orig. the exterior line, or border of a sn, w. The person who steers a boat.
country; edge of the land next to the sea; sea-shore. Cockchafer, kok-'chaf-er, ?(. (Entom.) The May-bug
— V. i. To approach; to sail by or near a coast; to or dor-beetle. — Cock^roach, -roch, n. An insect
sail from port to port in the same country; to slide of several species, infesting houses, ships, etc.
down a hill on a sled, upon snow or ice. Coast'er, — Cocker, kok'er, v. t. [cockered (-erd), -eking.] To
n. A person or vessel tnat sails along a coast trad- treat with tenderness, fondle, pamper.
ing from port to port. Coast'-line, n. Outline — Cockle, kok'l, n. (Bat.) A weed that grows among
of a coast; shore line. Coast'wise, ac/n. Byway — corn, corn-rose the darnel. (Conch.)
; bivalve — A
of, or along, the coast. shell fish having a corrugated
Coat, kot, n. A
man's outer garment the habit or ; shell. —
V. t. To contract into
vesture of an order of men an external covering, wrinkles, like ridges of the cockle-
as fur or hair of a beast a layer of any substance ;
;

shell. —
V. i. To take the form of
covering another a tegument that on which en- wrinkles.
signs armorial are portrayed. v.
;

To cover with — ;

t. '
Cockney, kok-'nT, n. ; pi. -neys, -niz.
a coat. —
Coat of arms. (Her.) habit worn by A An eifeminate person; a resident of
knights over armor an armorial device. : London. a. —
Pert, to or like, etc.
•Coax, koks, V. t. [COAXED (kokst), coaxing.] To Cocoa, ko'ko, n. (Bat.) palm tree A
persuade by insinuating courtesy, flattery, or fond- producing the cocoa-nut. prepa- A
ling; to wheedle, fawn. ration made from cacao seeds a
'Cob, kob, n. The top or head hence, that which is ; beverage made from it. — ;

Cocoa
large, round, etc. a person at the top, or distin-
; shells. The dried husks of cacao
guished a rich, covetous person a lump or piece,
; ; seeds. _
as of stone; a spider a short-legged and stout vari-; Cocoon, ko-koon'', n. An oblong case
ety of horse trie spike on which grains of maize
; which contains the silkworm in its
—
frow. Cob'ble, C. stone, Cob'^stone, n. A rounded chrysalis state; the case constructed
ragment, as of coal, stone, etc. Cob'nut, n. — A by an insect to contain its larve.
Cocoa tree.
large nut; a child's game played with nuts, also the Cod, kod, n. A husk or envelope con-
nut winning the game. — Cob'web, n. A spider's taining seeds a pod the scrotum, (IcAtk.) A
—
; ;

net a snare or device. To cover with, or as

v. t. fish inhabiting the northern
;

with, cobwebs. seas.— Coddling, n. A young

'Cobalt, ko'^bawlt, n. A
reddish-gray metal, brittle, cod. — Cod'liver A fixed oil.
and difficult of fusion : its oxides are used in glass oil obtained from livers of
manufacture to produce the blue varieties called the cod, very nutrient, and
smalt. used medicinally for rheuma- Cod.
-Cobble, kob''bl, n. A
fishing-boat. See Coble. —A tism, skin diseases, pulmonary consumption, etc.
stone. See under Cob. Coddle, kod'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did;, -dling.] To par-
Cobble, kob'bl. v. t. cobbling.] [cobbled (-bid), . boil _to treat tenderly.
;

To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to do bun- Code, kod, n. A collection, system, or digest of laws.—
glingly. —
Cob'bler, ?i. A mender of shoes; a clumsy Comdex, n. ; pi. Codices, kod''I-sez. manuscript; A
workman a beverage composed of wine, sugar,
; book; code. —
Cod'ify, -fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -ey-
lemon, and broken ice. ing.] To reduce to a code or digest, as laws.
•Coble, kob'l, iu A boat used in herring fisherv. Cod'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Cod'icil, -I-sil, «.
-Cobra de capello, ko'^bra-da-ka-peKlo. The nooded A supplement to a will.
snake, a venomous^ reptile of the East Indies. Codger, kod'jer, n. mean person A ; curmudgeon ;

•Cochineal, koch''I-nel, n. plant-louse found upon A odd old person.

the Mexican cactus; the dried insects used as a scar- Coe£B.cient, ko-ef-fish''ent, a. Cooperating acting
let dye-stuff, from which carmine is made. in unionto the same end. n. That which unites, — ;

•Cochlea, kok'le-a, n. (Aiiat.) The spiral cavity of the etc. (Math.) A known quantity put before letters
internal ear. or quantities, to show how often to take them.
•Cock, kok, n. The male of birds, esp. of domestic Coequal, ko-e''kwal, a. Equal with another of the
—
;

fowls a vane shaped like a fowl, weathercock a same rank, dignity, or power. n. One who is, etc.
—
; ;

chief man, leader an instrument to let out liquor Coequality, -kwoKT-tT, n. State of being, etc.
from a cask, spout. Cockade, -ad', w.
;

—
rosette er A Coerce, ko-ers', v. t. [coerced (-erst'), coercing.]
knot of ribbons, etc., on the hat. Cock'atoo', n. — To restrain by force, constrain, repress, compel.
A bird of the parrot kind, having a crest of feathers — Coercion, -er'shun, n. Act or process of, etc.; re-
which it can raise or depress. Cock'atrice, -tris, — straint.— Coer^cive, -siv, a. Compelling, or able to
n. The basilisk a fabulous serpent, hatched by a
: compel compulsory.
serpent from a cock's egg, and whose breath or
;

Coeternal, ko-e-ter'nal, a. Equally eternal. Co- —

look was fatal.— Cock''crow, -crowding, n. The time eter'nity, -tt, n. Equal eternity with another.
at which cocks crow early morning. Cock^'er, n.
; Coeval, ko-e'val, a. Of equal age. n. One of the —
One who follows cockfighting; a dog of the spaniel same age.
kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc. Cock"'- — Coexist, ko-egz-isf, v. i. To exist at the same time.
A — — Coexist'ence, n. Existence at the same time with
erel, n.
-match, n.
The
young cock.
A
top-loft upper room.
Cock'flght, -fight'ing,
contest of game-cocks.
pit, n.
loft, n.
area where — An
— another. — Coexisfent, a. Existing, etc.
Coextend, ko-eks-tend', v. t. To extend through the
game-cocks fight.
;

[See also under Cockboat.] — same space with another. Coexten'sion, -shun, n. —
Cocks'^comb, -kom, n. The caruncle or comb of Equal extension. —
Coexten'sive, -siv, a.
a cock. (Bat.) A plant of different genera. A Coffee, kof'fe, n. The berries of a tree growing in
vain, silly fellow a fop. Cock'^spur, ?i. The spur
; — warm climates of Asia and
on a cock's leg. (Bat.) variety of hawthorn. A America a drink fnade from
;

Cock, kok, 71. A pile of hay.— w. L [cocked (kokt),

cocking.] To
in piles.set up
the roasted berry, by decoc-
tion. —
Coffee-house, n. A /© ^
Cock, kok, n. Act of turning or setting up thing set house for the sale of coffee and
up; the gnomon or style of a dial. v. t. To set —
;

other refreshments. null, n. ^

erect, turn up to place upon the head jauntily. A mill for grinding coffee.—
— Cock'eye, ». A ;

squinting ej^e. -pot, n. A covered pot in

•Cock, kok, n. Tfie hammer of a gun-lock. v. t. To — which coffee is boiled, or
draw back the cock, in order to fire. Cock''- — brought upon the table.
feather, n. (Arch.) The feather above the notch, Coffer, kof'fer, n. chest, esp. mffpp A
^oiiee.
when the arrow is fitted to the string. for money. (Arch.) sunken A
Cock, Cockboat, kok'bSt, n. A ship's small boat. panel. (Fort.) A
hollow work across a dry moat,
— Cock'bill, n. (Naut.) Position of the anchor. serving as a parapet with embrasures. lock to re- A
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; TCn, ice ; Odd, t5ne, 6r
 — —

COFFIN 71 COLLEGE
ceive a barge. —
v. t. [coffered (-ferd), -fering.] Colander, kuKen-dfr, n. A vessel with a perforated
To place in a coffer. —
Coffer dam. {Engin.) A bottom for straining liquids.
box of timber, to exclude water while constructing ColcMcum, koKkT-kum, n. genus of plants, inclu- A
piers, etc. ding the meadow saffron, whose bulbs are used me-
Coffin, kof'fin, n. The case in which a bodv is dicinally for gout and rheumatism. [L.]
inclosed for burial. {Far.) The hollow part of a Cold, kola, a. Destitute of warmth, physical or moral;,
horse's hoof. (Print.) A
wooden frame inclosing bleak; chill; indifferent; spiritless; reserved. n. —
the stone on which forms are imposed. v. t. [cof- —Absence of warmth; sensation produced by escape-
FINED (-find), -FINING.] To put into, etc.— Cof- of heat; chilliness. (Med.) morbid state of tne A
fin-bone, n. {Far.) A
horse's foot-bone inclosed animal system produced by cold; catarrh. Cold'- —
within the hoof. blood'ed,"-blud'ed, a. Having cold blood; without
Cog. kog, r. «. andt. [cogged (kogd), cogging.] To sensibility; hard-hearted; not thoroughbred, said —
wheedle, deceive to thrust in, by deception. — hard chisel for cutting" A
A
;

tooth on a wheel, transrnitting motion.

Cogent, ko'jent, a. Having great force; pressing on
n. of animals.
cold metal.
n. (Pathol.)
chis^el, n.
short, o. Brittle when cold.—A
herpetic eruption, about lips or nos-
sore,. —
the mind; not easily resisted; convincing. trils, attending catarrhal inflammation.
Cogitate, koj'T-tat, v. i. To engage in continuous Cole, kol, n. A
plant of the cabbage family; esp. the-
thought, reflect. — Cogita'tion, n. Act of thinking; species called also rape, which does not" head like
meditation; contemplation. the cabbage. —
Cole'wort, -wert. n. Cabbage cut
Cognac, kon^'yak, «. A brandy formerly made at young, before the head is firm.
Cognac, France. [Written improp. Cogniac] Coleus, ko'le-us, n. plant of the mint family, hav- A
Cognate, kog'nat, a. Allied by blood or birth; kin- ing variegated leaves. Coleop'teral. -terous, -op'- —
dred in ongin, formation, etc. n. —
(Latv.) One ter-us, a. Having wings covered with a case or
"
connected with another bv kindred; one related to sheath, as beetles.
another on the female side; one of several things Colic, koKik, 71. (Med.) Acute pain in the bowels,,
allied in origin. growing more severe at intervals.
Cognize, kog'^niz, v. t. To recognize, perceive. —
Coliseum. Same as Colosseum.
Cog'nizance, kog'- or kon't-zans, ii. Knowledge or Collaborator, kol-lab^o-ra'ter, n. An associate in
notice; observation; recognition; judicial knowl- labor, esp. literary or scientific; co-worker; assistant.
edge or jurisdiction. (Law.) An acknowledgment Collapse, kol-laps', v. i. [-lapsed (-lapsf), -lapsing.]
or confession. A badge, to indicate the party to To fall together suddenly, shrink up. n. falling — A
—
which one belongs. Cognizant, kog''^ or kon''I- together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. (Med^-
zant, a. Having knowledge of. A
sudden failing of the vital powers.
Cognomen, kog-no'men, n. A
surname; the last of Collar, koKlar, n. Something worn round the neck,
the 3 names of an ancient Koman, denoting his (Arch.) A
ring or cincture; astragal of a column.
family. (Mech.) A
ring-like part of a machine, for holding-
Cohabit, ko-hab'it, v.' i. Orig., to dwell with, or in- something to its place. (Naitt.) An eye in the bight
habit the same place or country; to live together as of a shroud, to go over the mast head. r. t. [col- —
husband and wife. lared (-lard), -laring.] To seize by the collar,
Co-heir, ko-ar', n. A joint heir.— Co-heiress, ko-ar'es, put a collar on. CoKlar-beam, n. (Arch.)— A
A horizontal piece of timber bracing two opposite raf-
n. joint_heiress.
Cohere, ko-her'', v. i. [cohered (-herd''), cohering.]
To stick together; to follow regularly in the natural
ters.
the breast-bone and shoulder-blade.
—
bone, 7!. (Anat.) The clavicle, a bone joining

order 5 to cleave, fit. —

Coher'ence, -ens, -ency, -sT, CoUate, kol-lat', v. t. To compare critically; to gather
n. A sticking together: suitable connection; consist- and place in order, as sheets of a book for binding..
—
ency. — Coher'ent, a. Sticking together; connected (^Eccl.) To present and institute in a benefice. v,
bv some relation of form, order, etc.: consistent. I. (Eccl.) To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.
Coher^'ently, ac/i'. —
Coherer, ko-her'er,r?. (Elec.) A —
Collation, -la'' shun, n. Act of bringing together
device, used in wireless telegraphy, for detecting the and comparing; act of bestowin":. (Eccl. Law.) Pre-
presence of electric waves. It usually consists^of a sentation to a benefice bv a bishop. An unceremo-
number of small conducting particles,'as metallic fil- nious repast or lunch. CoUa'tive, -tiv, a. Passing —
ings, inclosedin aglass tube and forming a connec-
— or held by collation. Colla''tor, -ter, w. One who —
tion between two electrodes. Cohe'sion, -zhun, n. collates manuscripts or books. (Eccl. Law.) One
Actof sticking together; attraction by which particles who collates to a benefi.ce.
of liomogeneous bodies unite a state of connection or Collateral, kol-lafer-al, a. On the side of; subordi-
;

dependence. — Cohe'sive, -siv, a. Having the power nately connected; indirect. (Genealogy.) Descend-
of cohering. — Cohe'siveness, n. ing from the same ancestor, but not one from the
Cohort, ko'hort, w. (Rom. Antiq.) A
body of about other. — n. A collateral relation; security given in
500 or 600 soldiers. Any band of warriors. addition to a principal promise or bond.
Coigne, koin, Quoin, koin or kwoin, n. A
comer or Colleague, koKleg, n. One united with another in the
external angle; corner-stone; a wedge. discharge of some duty; partner; associate. v.t.ov —
Coil, koil, w. ^ [coiled (koild), coiling.] To wind i. To unite with in the same office.
in rings, as a rope. n. Rings formed by winding. Collect, kol-lekf, r. t. To gather into one body or
Coin, koin, n.' A corner or external angle; a wedge place, bring toeether; to infer as a consequence, de-
to raise, lower, fasten, or level anything, as a can- duce. —
V. i. To be assembled together, accumu-
non, printer's form, etc.; a piece of metal stamped late; to infer, conclude. CoUecfible, -T-bl, a. Ca- —
with characters, making illegally current as money; fiable of being gathered or inferred. Collect, koK- —
that which serves for payment or recompense. v. t. ekt, 77. — A
short, comprehensive prayer.— Collecta'-
[coined (koind), coining.] To stamp and convert nea, -ne-a, n. pi. Passages selected from various
into money, mint, fabricate.— Coin''age, -ej, n. Act authors: anthology; chrestomathv. [L.] CoUecta'- —
of coining; money coined; expense of coining; act neous. -ne-us, a. "Gathered; collected.
— Collection, —
or process of forming invention ; fabrication.; -lek'shun, n. Act of collecting; thing gathered;
Coin'er, w. One who makes coin; aminter; coun- contribution; assemblage; crowd; mass; compila-
terfeiter; inventor or maker. tion selection. Collective, -iv, a. Formed by
;
—
Coincide, ko'in-sTd, v. i. To fall together, aeree in gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; de-
position, correspond, be identical. —
Coincid'er, n. ducing consequences. (Gram.) Expressing an ag-
— Coin'cidence, -st-dens, n. Act or condition of gregate of individuals. Tending to collect. Col- —
falling together; agreement or concurrence, esp. of lect'ively, a(/r. In a body; unitedly. Collect' or, —
events at the same time. —
Coin^cident, a. Having -er, n. One who collects or gathers. (Cojii.) An.
coincidence; agreeing. oflficer who receives customs, taxes, or toll. Col— —
Coir, kwoir, n. Cocoa-nut fiber for matting, ropes, etc. lecforship, -orate, n. Office or jurisdiction of, etc-
Coition, ko-ish'un, n. Sexual intercourse; copulation. College, kol'lej, n. collection or society of men; a. A
Coke, kok, 71. Mineral coal charred, or deprived by fire society of scholars incorporated for study or instruc-
of volatile matter.- v. t. [coked (kokt), coking.] tion; an establishment for students acquiring lan-
To convert into coke. guages and science. I

siin, cube, f 1^ ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboK, chair, get.
 COLLIDE 72 COMET
Collide, kol-l!d'', v. i. To strike or dash together. — — CoKor-blindness, n. Imperfect perception of col-
CoUison, -lizh-'un, h. Act of, etc. a state of op- ors Daltonism.
position ; in-
; ;

Colorado beetle, kol-o-ra'do-be'tl. The potato-bug, —

terf e r c n c e ; a destructive yellow beetle, orig. fr. Colorado.
clashing. Colossus, ko-los'sus, n. ; L. pi. -sr, -si E. pi. -suses, ;

Collie, Colly, -ez. Agigantic statue ; esp. that at the entrance of

koKII, n. A —
the harbor at Rhodes. Colos'^sal, -se'an, a. Gigan-
Scotch shep- tic.— GoloBse'^um, ?i. Vespasian's amphitheater in
herd's dog. Rome. [Also written Coliseuin.']
Collier, Col- Colporteur, kol-por-ter', CoKporter, n. One who ped-
liery.See un- dles religious tracts and books. CoKstaff, ?i. — A
der Coal. stafE for carrying burdens on two persons' shoul-
Colliquefaction, ders.
kol - lik ' we- Colt, kolt, n. The young of the horse kind a young, ;

fak'.shun, n. foolish fellow.— Colt's'foot, n. plant whose leaves A

A melting to- were once used medicinally.
gether of bod- Colter, Coulter, kol'ter, n. The sharp fore iron of a
ies. plow, to cut the sod.
Collocate, koK- Column, koKum, n. {Arch.) A cylindrical
lo-kat, V. t. To support for a roof, ceiling, etc., composed
set or place; of base, shaft, and capital ; a pillar. {Mil.)
station. Col- — A body of troops in files with a narrow
loca''tion, n. front. {Xaut.) A
body of ships in line, so
Act of pla- as to follow in succession. (Print.) Figures,
cing state of words, or lines set perpendicularly one
being placed,
;

above another. —
Colum-'nar, a. Formed in
es with
p . or Uke, etc. —
Columella, -la, M. (Bot.) An Colter,
something axis, supporting the carpels of some fruits the ;

stem in mosses, which is the axis of the capsule.

Collodion, kol- Colossus of Rhodes, Colza, koKza, 71. A variety of cabbage whose seeds
lo'dl-un, n. ( Chem.) An adhesive solution of gun- afford an oil used in lamps.
cotton in ether and alcohol, used to close wounds, Coma, ko''ma, H. (Med.) Morbid propensity
bid pre to sleep;
and in photography. lethargy. —
Co'matose, -<"=
_
-+"«=! -tus,
tos, -tons, « Drowsy;
-t^o a.
.
r>,.^-r.TCT-.

Collop, koKlop, n. A
slice of meat; piece of anything. lethargic.
Colloquy, koKlo-kwT, n. Mutual discourse; confer- Comb, kom, n. An
instrument with teeth, for adjust-
ence dialogue. —
Collo''quial, a. Pert, to, or used ing hair, wool, etc. the crest on a cock's head the
;

in, common conversation. —

Collo''quialism, -izm, ?i.
;

top, or crest of a wave ; the structure of wax in

;

A common form of expression. Col'loquist, -kwist, — which bees store honey. v. t. [combed (komd), —
n. Speaker in a conversation. COMBIXG.] To separate, disentangle, cleanse, ad-
Collude, kol-lud', v. i. To conspire in a fraud, act in just, or lay straight. —
v. i. (A'aui.) To roll over, as
concert. —
Collu'sion, -zhun, n. Secret agreement
— the top of a wave to break with white foam.
;

and cooperation for fraud deceit connivance. ; ; Combat, koiiT'bat or kum''bat, v. i. To struggle or
CoHu'sive, -siv, a. Fraudulently concerted. contend, as with an opposing force. v. t. To fight —
Colocynth, koKo-siuth. n. {Med.) The coloquintida,
— with, oppose by force, resist, oppose. n. strug- A
or bitter apple the pith of a species of cucumber,
; gle to resist or conquer. (Mil.) engagement; An
a strong cathartic. conflict; encounter. —
Com'batant, a. Contending;
Cologae, KO-lon', n. A
toilet liquid, composed of al- disposed to contend. n. One who, etc.; a cham-
cohol and aromatic oils, —
orig. made in Cologne. pion. —Com''bater, n. —
Com^bative, -iv, a. In-
Colon, ko'lon, n. (Anat.) The largest of the large clined to, etc. —
Com''bativeness, ?i. Disposition to,
intestines. (Gram.) A
point [:] marking a pause etc. (Phren.) The organ indicating it. See Phre-
greater than a semicolon, less than a period. [Gr.] nology.
Colonel, ker''nel, n. {Mil.) The chief commander of Combine, kom-bin', v. t. [-bixed (-bind''), -bixixg.]
a regiment. —
To unite or join. v. i. To form a union, confeder-
Colonnade, koKon-nad', n. {Arch.) series of col- A ate; to unite by affinity. —
Combin^able, a. Capable
umns placed at regular intervals. of, etc. —
Combina''ti6n, n. Union or connection;
Colony, koKo-nT, n. A company of people in a re-' coalition conspiracy.
: (Math.) Variation of any
mote country, and subject to the parent state the number of quantities in all possible ways.
country colonized. —
Colo'nial, a. Pert, to, etc.
;
— Combustible, kom-bus'tl-bl, a. Capable of taking
Col-'onist, n. A member of, etc. CoKonize, v. t. — fire and burning inflammable easily excited
—
; ; ;

[-iriZED (-nizd), -yizi>"G.] To plant a colony in to quick; irascible. n. A substance tha^t will, etc.
people by colonies. r. i. —
To settle in a distant
;

— Combus^'tibleness, -tibil'ity, ?j. Combus'^tion, —

— A
——
country. Col'onizer. n. CoFoniza'tion, n. Act -chun, n. taking fire and burning: conflagration.
of, or state of being, etc. CoFoniza'tionist, n. An Come, kum, v. i. limp. c.\jie p. pi. come comixg.] ; ;

advocate of, etcl esp. of colonizing Africa by To move hitherward, draw near, approach to ar- ;

negro emigrant^s from America. rive at some state or condition, occur, happen to ;

Coloquintida. Same as Colocyxtii. become evident, appear.

Color. kuKer, n. A property of light causing the eye Comedy, konr'e-dl, n. A dramatic composition of
to distin^\iish differences in the appearance of ob- an amusing character. Come'dian, n. An actbr in, —
jects a hue or tint as distinguished from white: or writer of, etc. Come'dienne', -ma'dl-en'', n. An —
;

that used to give color: paint: pigments: false show; actress in, etc. [F.] Come''dietta, -ta, n. little — A
pretense. {Phren.) The organ indicating percep- comedy. [It.] Commie, —
tion of color. See Phrexology. pi. A ilag, ensign, -ical, a. Pert. to. etc.: ex-
or standard. r. i. —
[colored (kuKerd), -oring.] citins mirth; laughable.
To change the hue of to give color to, dye, tinge,
; Comi^caUy, adv. Com'- —
paint, stain to give a specious appearance to, palli- icalness, n.— ComicaKity,
ate, excuse. v. i. —
;

To turn red, blush. Col'ora- -T-tl, n. —

That which is,
"ble, a. Designed to cover or conceal specious etc.
plausible. —
CoKorature, n. {Mas.) A
;

variation or Comely, kum'lY, a. Hand-

;

shading of notes for harmony. Col'ored, -erd, a. —

some; graceful; well-pro-
Having color or plausible appearance. Colored portioned. —
adv. In a be- —
people. Persons of negro descent. Colorif'ic, a. —
coming or graceful man-
Communicating or producing color. CoKorist, n. ner. —
Come'liness. n. —
A painter skilled in coloring. —
CoKorless, a. Des- Comestibles, ko-mes'tl-blz,
titute of color. —
Colorim''eter, n. An instrument n. pi. Eatables.
Comet.
for measuring the depth of color, esp. in liquids. Comet, kom'et, n. member of the solar system. A
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, t«ae, *r
 — — ; —

COMFORT 73 COMMUNE
moving in an eccentric orbit, and consisting of a Commiserate, kom-miz'er-at, i'. t. To feel sorrow,
nucleus, an envelope, and a tail. pain, or regret for; to be sorry for; to pity, feel for,
Comfort, kum'furt, i-. t. To relieve or cheer under condole.
atHiction or depression to solace, invigorate, re- ; Commissary, kom'mis-sa-rT, n. A deputy; commis-
fresh, animate. ^?2. Strength and relief under af- sioner. {Mil.) An
officer in charge of a special de-
fliction support a state of quiet enjoj-inent, or
: partment, esp. that of subsistence. Commissa''- —
;

whatever causes it. —

Com''forter, ?(. One who, etc. riat, n. That department charged with sui>
(JUL)
(Script.) The Holy Spirit. woolen tippet; wadded A plying provisions for the soldiers; tiie body of ofti-
quilt. —Com''fortable, a. Affording or enjoying, CLTs in that department; office of a commissary.
etc.; free from pain or distress n. coverlet. — A Commit, kom-mit', v. t. To give in trust; to do, per-
Com'fortably, of/c —
Com''fortableness, ». Com'"- — form, elfect; to place beyond one"s control; to pledge
fortless, a. Miserable forlorn. ; or bind, —
used reflexively. Commiftal, «. Act —
Comic, Comicality, etc. See under Comedy. of Committing; a pledge. —
Committer, /(. Com- —
Comity, kom'I-tl, n. Courtesy of intercourse civil- ; miftible, «. Capable of being, etc. Commission, —
ity ; good breeding. -misli-'un, ?i. Act of committing, doing, or per-
Comma, korn'ma, n. A character [,] marking the forming; a formal warrant of committing some trust
snwUest grammatical division of a sentence. to a person; a company of persons joined in the ex-
Command, kom-mand'', v. t. To order with authority; ercise of some duty. (Com.) The acting under au-
to exercise supreme authority over to have under ; thority of, or on account of, another; thing to be
influence, control, or vision to exact or enforce, done as agent for another; brokerage or allowance
bid, direct, overlook, claim, v. i. To have au-
;

made to an asrent. v. t. —
[-missioxed (-mish''und),
thority, possess chief power, govern. n. An au- — -MissiOxiXG.l To give a commission to, appoint,
thoritative order exercise of authority
; right or ; depute. —
Commis''smner, n. One commissioned to
possession of authority abilitj^ to overlook, control,; execute some business for an employer; an officer in
or watch a body of troops under a particular of-
; charge of some department of the public service.
ficer. —Command''er, n. A leader; the chief officer Commis'sionaire'', -nar', n. A factor; commission-
of an army, or a division of it. {]Var>/.) An officer merchant; one stationed in a public resort to receive
next above a lieutenant. heavjf, wooden mallet. A commissions or act as guide, messenger, etc. [F.] —
— Command'ery, -er-t, -ry, -rt, n., A ir.ar.cr belong- Commis'sion mer'chant. One who transacts busi-
ing to an order of knights, and controlled by a com- ness on commission, as the agent of others, receiv-
mander a preceptory a lodge of the Freemasons ing a rate per cent, as his reward. Commit'' tee, -te, —
;

called knights templars.

;

Command'^ing, a. Fitted — n. A select number of persons appointed to attend

to control; imperious. —
Command'ment, w. An au- to any business, by a legislative body, court, or any
thoritative order precept. (Scrij^t.) One of the 10
;
collective body of men acting togetlier. Commit'*'- —
laws given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai. teeship, n. Office of a committee.
Comjneasurable. Same as Commen'surable. Commis, kom-miks'', v. t. ori. [-jii.ved (-miksf), -mix-
Commemorate, kom-mem''o-rat, v. t. To call to re- ixG.J To mix or mingle blend. Commix'ture»
; —
membrance, or celebrate with honor and solemnity. -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. mass formed ;

— Commern'ora'tion, 71. Act of, etc.; a public cele- by niingling compound. ;

bration. Cemmode, kom-mod'', 7i. A

woman's head-dress; a
Commence, kom-mens', v. i. [-iiENCED (-menst''), chest of drawers; a bedroom convenience, a close- —
-MEXCING.] To
begin, originate; to take the first stool. —Commc'dious, -dt-us, a. Affording ease and
university degree. v. t. —
To enter upon, begin, convenience fit comfortable.
; ; Commod'^ity, -t-tl, —
begin to be or to appear. Commencc'ment, n. First — n. That which affords convenience or advantage,
existence of anything rise origin beginning; the
; ; ; esp. m commerce ; goods, wares, etc.
day when university degrees are conferred. Commodore, kom'' mo-dor, n. of a The commander
Commend, kom-mend'', i\ t. To commit or intrust squadron; leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen.
for care or preservation; to present as worthy of re- Common, kom''un, a. Belonging equally to more than
gard; to praise; to recommend to the kind reception one, or to many indefinitely; serving for the use of

——
of. Commend''able, a. Capable or worthy of, etc. all; general; public; often met with; not distin-
Commend'ably, adv. Commenda'tion, n. Act — guished by rank or character; commonplace; mean;
of, etc. praise applause a message of respect vulgar. —
n. An uninclosed tract of public ground.
compliments.
;

— Commend'atory,
; ;

-to-rl, a. Serving (Law.) The right of taking a profit in the land of

to commend; holding a benefice in commendam. another. v. i.—To have a joint right with others in
Commen''dam, n. (Eccl. Law.) A vacant benefice common ground; to board together; eat at a table in
committed to the holder until a pastor is supplied. common. —
Com''mons, -munz, n. p?. The mass of
The holding of such a benefice. the people the commonalty
; the loAver house of ;

Commensurate, kom-men'shoo-rat, a. Having a com- the Eng. parliament; provisions, food, fare; a club
mon measure; commensurable; equal in measure or where all eat at a common table. —
Com''mona,ble, a.
extent; proportional, —v. t. To reduce to a common Held in common; allowed to pasture on common
measure.— Commen'surately, arfc— Commen'snra'- land. —Corn'monage, -ej, n. Right of pasturing on
tion, n. State of being commensurate. Commen''- — a common; joint right of using anj^thing in common
Burable, a. Having a common measure. with others. —
Com''monalty, -al-tT, n. Tlie common
Comment, kora^'ment, i\ i. To explain by remarks, people body of citizens. Com''moner, n. One—
criticisms, etc.; to write annotations. n. An ex- — ;

under the degree of nobility; a memberof the House

planatory remark, observation, etc. ; annotation ; of Commons; one having'a joint right in common
stricture. —
Com'mentary, -ta-rt. n. series, collec- A ground; a student of the second rank in the univer-
tion, or book of comments, etc. a memoir of partic- sity of Oxford, England.— Com''monly, ar/?'. Usu-
— Com''mentator, -menter, n.
;

ular transactions. ally; ordinarily; for the most part. Com'^monness, —

Commerce, kom'mers, n. Exchange of mercliandise n.— Com^monish, a. Common-place; vulgar.— Com'-
between different places or communities; extended mon-place, a. Common trite hackneyed. — n.
; :

trade or traffic; social or personal intercourse; famil- (Rhet.) A general idea applicable to different sub-
iarity. — Commercial, -iner'shal, a. Pert, to, or en- jects; a trite remark. — v. To enter in a com-
gaged in commerce; mercantile. mon-place book, or to reduce to general heads.
t.'
—
Commination, kom-mt-na'sliun, n. A threat; denun- Com''mon-place'-book, n. book for recording A
ciation of punishment or vengeance. Comminato- — things to be remembered. Commonweal, -wel^ —
ry, -min-'a-to-rt, a. Threatening punishment. -wealth, -welth, n. Prop., a free state; a popular
Commingle, kom-min''gl, v. t. [-mingled (-gld), -mix- government republic whole body of citizens.
; ;

GLIXG.J To mingle together in one mass, or inti- Commotion, kom-mo''shun, n.' Violent motion; agita-
mately; to blend. —w. I. To mix together, become tion; a popular tumult; perturbation or disorder of
blended. mind excitement.
;

Comminute, kom'mY-nut, v. t. To reduce to minute Commune, kom-mun', v. i. [-mun^ed (-mundOt -MU-

particles, pulverize, grind. Comminu'tion, n. Act — xiXG.] Toconverse together familiarly, confer; to re-
of reducing to small particles; pulverization; atten- ceive the communion, partake of the Lord's supper.
uation by removing small particles. — Commune, kom''mun, n. A
small territorial dis-

Bun, cQbe, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or iQk, -Hien, boNboN, chair, get.
 COMMUTE 74 COMPLETE
trict in France municipal self-government. (-F. agine, plot, gain, consummate. — Mariner's compass.
political party in France, — esp.
;

Hist.) A socialistic One which has its needle permanently attached to

in Paris. — Com''mimism, -nizni, n. Doctrine of com- a card, so that both move together, the card being
munity of property among all citizens of a state or divided into 32 parts, or points. To fetch a compass. —
society; socialism. — Com 'munist, An advocate ?i. —
To go round in a circuit. Com'^passable, a. Capa-
of, etc. — Commu'nity, -n n. Common possession
i-tl, ble of being, etc. —
Com'passes, -ez, «. pZ. An in-
or enjoyment; a society of persons having common strument to describe circles, measure figures, etc.
rights, interests, etc.; society at large; the public, or Compassion, kom-pash-'un, n. A suffering w^ith an-
j)eople in general.— CoBiinu''iiicate, -nt-kat^t'- f- To other; sorrow excited by another's distress; pity;
Impart for common possession, bestow, confer; to re- sympathy. —
Compas'slonate, u. Full of compas-
veal, or give, as information. v. i. —
To share or sion; tender; merciful. v. t. —
To have compassion
participate; to have intercourse or means of inter- for; commiserate. ——
Compas'sionately, adv. Corn- —
•course. — Cominu''nicable, a. That may be, etc. — pas'' sionateness, n. Compatible, -put'I-bl, a. Co.-
Coinmu''iiicableness, -cabil'ity, n. Commu'nica''- — pable of existing in harmony; consistent; agreeable;
"tioii, 71. Act of communicating; intercourse; means congruous.
of passing from place to place; that which is com- Compatriot, korn-pa''trI-ut, n. A fellow-countryman.
municated ; commerce; correspondence; news. Compeer, kom-per'', 7i. An equal; companion; peer.
Cominu''iiicative, -tiv, a. Inclined to communicate. Compel, kom-peK, v. t. [-i>elleu (-peld'), -celling.]
— Commu'nicativeness, n. — Coiimiu''iiicator, -ter, To drive irresistibly; to necessitate; to take by force
n. — Commu'nicatory, -to-rl, a. Imparting knowl- or violence, constrain, coerce. Compulsion, -puK- —
edge. — Comiaunion, -mun-'yun, Intercourse be-
??. shun, ?i. Act of, or state of being, etc.; constraint;
tween persons; union in religious faith; fellowship; restraint. —
Compul'sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rl,
a body of Christians having one common faith and -sory, -so-rT, a. Compelling. —
Compul'sive, -siv, a.
discipline; the celebration of the Lord's supper. Having power to, etc. —
Compul'sively, -sorily, -rl-
Commu'iiicant, n. A partaker of the Lord's supper. IT, adv. Forcibly. —Compul'siveness, n.
(Commute, kom-mut', v. t. To put one for the other, Compellation, kom-pel-la''shun, n. iManner of ad-
exchange; to substitute, as a greater penalty for a dress appellation. — CompeKlative, -la-tiv, n.
;

less; to pay less for in gross than would be paid for (Gram.) The name by which one is addressed.
separate trips. —
v. i/ To bargain for exemption; to Compend, kom'^pend, Compend'ium, -I-um, n. A
arrange to pay in gross. —
Commu'' table, a. Capable brief compilation; abridgment; epitome; summary.
of being exchanged. —
Commu'tabiKity, -1-ti, n. — — Compend ''lous, -I-us, a. Summed up within nar-
Commuta'tion, n. Change; barter. (Law.) Sub- row limits.
stitution of one penalty for another. Purchase of a Compensate, kom'pen-sat or kom-pen'sat, v. t. To
right to go upon a certain route during a specified make equal return to, give an equivalent to, re-
period, for less than the aggregate charge for separate munerate, requite; to be equivalent to in value or
trips; an outright sum given as equivalent for a^jro effect, counterbalance. v. i. —
To make amends,
rata payment. supply an equivalent. —
Compensa''tion, ».. Actor
'Compact, kom-pakt', a. Closely and firmly united; principle of, etc.; an equivalent. (Law.) Payment
solid; dense; brief; succinct. v. t. To drive or of a debt by a credit of equal amount. Compen''- —
press closely together, consolidate; to unite or con- sative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rl, a. Affording compensa-
nect firmly, as in a system. tion.
Compact, kom'^pakt, n. An agreement between par- Compete, kom-pet', v. i. To contend, as rivals for a
ties; covenant; contract. prize. —
Competition, -tish^'un, n. Common strife for
•Company, kum''pa-nt, n. State of being a companion the same object; emulation; opposition; jealousy.
act of accompanying; an assemblage or association — Compet'itive, -1-tiv, a. Producing or pert, to,
of persons; guests, disting. fr. the members of a fam- etc. —
Compefitor, -t-ter, 7i. One who claims what
ily; a corporation; a firm; partners whose names are another claims; a rival.
not mentioned in the title of the firm. {Mil.) A Competent, kom''pc-tent, a. Answering to all require-
subdivision of a regiment. (Naut.) The crew of a ments; having adequate power or right; fitted; qual-
ship. — V. i. —
To associate. Companion, kom-pan''- ified. —
Com'petence, -teney, -ten-si, n. State of
yun, n. One associated with another; comrade; ally; being competent; sufficiency, esp. of means of sub-
accomplice. sistence. (Law.) Legal capacity or qualifications;
(Compare, kom-par'', v. t. [-pared (-pard''), -paring.] right or authority.
To examine the mutual relations of; to represent Compile, kom-piK, v. t. [-piled (-pild''), -piling.] To
as similar, for purposes of illustration; to liken. put together or compose out of materials from other
(Gram.) To inflect according to degrees of com- —
books or documents. Compila'^tion, ti. Act of com-
parison. — IK i. To hold comparison; to be like or piling; thing compiled; esp. a book.
equal; to admit of comparison. —
Comparable, kom'- Complacent, kom-pla''sent, a. Accompanied with
pa-ra-bl, a. Capable or wortJiy of comparison. — pleasure; displaying satisfaction. Compla''cenca, —
Com'^parably, adv.— Comparative, -pSr-'a-tiv, a. Es- -cency, -sen-sT, ?«. A
feeling of quiet pleasure; the
timated by, or proceeding from, comparison; hav- cause of pleasure; kindness of manners; civility.
ing power of comparing. (Gram.) Expressing a Com'plaisant', -pla-zant', a. Desirous to please;
greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, than
—
kindly attentive; courteous; well-bred. [F.] Com'-
— —
the positive. Compar'^atively, ac/v. In a compara- plaisant'ly, adv. Com-'plaisance', n. Kind com-
tive manner; hy comparison; relatively. Compax'- — pliance with others' wishes; urbanity; suavitv\ [F.]
ison, -T-sun or -T-sn, n. Act of comparing; compara- Complain, kom-plan'', v. i. [-plained (-pland'),
tive estimate. See Phkexology. (Gram.) Inflec- -plaining.] 'To express distress or censure ; to
tion of an adjective or adverb in its several degrees. bring an accusation, make a charge, murmur, la-
(Rhet.) A
simile or similitude. ment, repine. —
Complain'^ant, n. One who, etc.
Compartment, kom-parfment, n. One of the parts (Law.) A plaintiff. [F.] — Complainf, n. Expres-
into which a thing is divided. sion of grief, censure, etc.; cause of complaining;
'Compass, kum'pas, n. A circuit;
.%-I.Sa-_^
A malady; disease. (Law.) Allegation that some^
circumference; an inclosing person has been guilty of a designated offense. [F.]
limit; boundarj'; an inclosed Complanate, kom''j5la-nat, V. t. To make level or even.
space; area; extent; capacity. Complete, koni-plef, a. Free from deficiency; per-
(Mus.) Range of notes compre- fect; finished; ended; entire; total. v. t. To bring —
hended by any voice or instru- - to a perfect state to bring to pass, achieve.
; Com- —
ment. A magnetic instrument, s^*^
.,

plete''ness, n, —
Comple^'tion, n. Act of, or state of
to determine the cardinal ^^^^ being, etc.; fulfillment; realization. Comple'^tive, —
points. — V. t. [^OMl'ASSED Ji^^ -tiv, a. Making complete. — Com^plement, -ple-
<-past), -PASSING.] To go about ment, n. That which completes or supplies a defi-
or around; to inclose on all ciency ; quantity required to make complete.
sides; to besiege or invest; to (Astron.) Distance of a star from the zenith, as
get within reach, or within Mariner's Compass. compared with its altitude. (Trigon.) Difference
one's power; to purpose, im- between an arc or angle and 90". (Anth.) Differ-
am, fame, f ar,_pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t5rm ; In, ice ; 5dd, tSne, 6r
 — — —

COMPLEX 75 CONCEIVE
ence between a number and 10, 100, 1000, etc. (Jfics.) Compound, kom-pownd'', v. t. To put together, as ele-
Interval wanting to complete the octave. Com- —
ments, or parts to form a whole to combine or ;
plemenfal, a. Supplyins, or tending to supply, unite to settle amicably, adjust by agreement. —
a deticiency fully completing.
; —
Complement"'- V. i. To come to terms of agreement, settle by com-
;

ary, a. Serving to complete. Comple'tory, -to-rt, —promise. — Com'ponnd, a. Composed of elements,

a. Making complete. n. Evening: the compline. ingredients, or parts. — n. That which is com-
— Com-'pliiie, -plin, -plin, n. {Etc!.) The closing pounded; mixture of elements, ingredients, or parts.
prayer of the Roman Catholic breviary, recited after Comprehend, kom-pre-hend'', v. t. To include by con-
sunset. struction or implication to take into the mind, ap- ;

Csmplex. kom'pleks, a. Composed of two or more prehend the meaning of, understand.— Comprelien''-
parts; complicated; intricate. — n. Assemblage; col- sion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. thing comprehended
lection. —
Com'^plezness, Complex''edneBS, -ed-nes, or inclosed within narrow limits summary epit-
;

Intricacy. — Com'plexly, adv. — Com-

; :
-ity, -X-tT, n. ome capacity of the mind to understand percep- ; ;
plex'^ure, -Ur, n. Involution or complication of one tion. —Compfehen'sive, -siv, a. Including much
thing with others. —
Complexion, -plek'shun, n. within narruii' limits; extensive; full. Compre- —
State of being complex; connection of parts; frame hen'sively, adv. — Comprehen'siveness, n.
or texture; hue of the skin, esp. of the face; general Compress, kom-pres', r. t. [-pkessed (-presf), -press-
appearance. —
Complex'ional, -ionary, «. Pert, to ing.] To press together, bring within narrower
the complexion, or to tlie care of it. Com''plicate, — limits, crowd, condense. —
Com'^press, n. {Surg.) A
-pll-kat, V. t. To fold or twist togetlier, interweave; folded piece of Unen, to make pressure on any part.
to render complex, involve. —
a. Composed of parts Comprise, kom-prlz', v. t. [-pkised (-prizd'), -pris-
united complicated. —
Com''plicately, adv. Com''- — ing.] To comprehend, include, embrace, imply.
;

plicateness, -cacy, -ka-sl, n. State of being, etc. — Compromise, kom'pro^iiz, n. A mutual promise to
Complica'tion., n. Intricate or confused blending refer a dispute to the decision of arbitrators; adjust-
of part.s entanglement. —
Com'plicative, -tiv, a. —
ment by mutual concessions. v. t. [-miskd (-mizd),
—
;

Tending to involve. Complicity, -plis'l-tl, n. Con- -MisiNG.] To adjust by mutual concessions, com-
dition of being an accomplice. pound; to commit, hazard, compromit. Com-'pro- —
Compline. See under Complete. mis'er, n. —
Com'promit, v. t. To pledge, promise;
Complot, kom^plot, n. A confederacy in some evil to put to hazard, Dy some act which cannot be re-
design; conspiracy; cabal. ComploV, v. t. and i.— called, bring into danger, compromise.
To plot together, conspire, join in a secret design. Comptroller. See under Control.
Comply, kom-pli', [-plied (-plid'), -plyixg.] To
v. i. Compulsion, Compulsory, etc. See under Compel.
yield assent, accord, acquiesce. Compli'ance, -ans, — Compunction, kom-punk^'shun, n. Poignant grief or
n. Act of, or disposition to, etc.; concession; obedi- remorse; the stin^ of conscience.
ence. — Compli^ant, a. Pliant; yielding to request. Compute, kom-put'', v. To determine by calcula-
— Compli'antly, adr. —
Com'pliment, n. Compli- tion, cast up, count, enumerate.
t.

Compnta''tion, n. —
ance with the wishes of another; manifestation of Act or process of, etc.; reckoning; account.
approbation, regard, etc.; delicate flattery. v. t. — Comrade, kom'rad, n. A
mate, companion, or associ-
To flatter; express respect for. v. i. To use com- — ate.
pliments. Comtism, koNt''izm, n. Positivism the doctrine of ;

Component. See under Compose. the F. philosopher, August Comte, that all knowl-
Comport, kom-port', v. i. To agree, accord, suit. — edge is experience of facts acqiiired through the
V. t. To behave, conduct, with a reflexive pro- — senses, and that we know notliing of causes or
noun. laws, but only phenomena.
Compose, kom-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] Con, kon. An abbr. of L. contra, against : in the
To form by uniting, put together to constitute ; ; phrase pro and con, for and against, it denotes the
to originate, become the author of; to place in form, negative or contrarj' side of a question; as a sub-
reduce to order to free from disturbance, set at
; stantive, it denotes one who is in the negative.
rest. {Print.) To place in proper order for print- Con, kon, v. t. [conned (kond), conning.] Orig., to
ing, as tvpe. —
Composed, -pozd', p. a. Free from know; to study, try to fix in the mind, peruse.
agitation: calm; tranquil. Compos'edly, -ed-lT, — Concatenate, kon-kafe-nat, v. t. To link together,
adv. —Compos'edness, n. —
Compos'^er, n. One wlio
— unite in a series. —
Concat'ena''tion, n. series of A
composes an author, esp. of a piece of music.
; links united, or of things depending on each other.
Composition, -zish'un, n. Act of composing, esp. a Concave, kon'kav, Hollow and curved or rounded,
a.
literary work. {Fine Arts.) That combination of ^said of the interior of anything hemispherical.
parts in which each has its due proportion. Arrange- See Lens. — n. A hollow; arched vault. v. t. —
ment of type for use in printing. State of being [concaved (-kavd), -caving.] Tojnake hollow.
composed ;'thing formed bj' composing. {Laiv.) Ad- Conceal, kon-seK, v. t. [-cealed (-seld'), -cealing.]
justment of a debt, by compensation mutually To hide or withdraw from observation to withhold ;

agreed on. —
Com/iositio7i of forces. {Mech.) The from utterance, disguise, secrete. Conceal'ment, n. —
finding of a single force equal to two or more given Act of, or state of being, etc.; place of hiding; secret
forces acting in given di- place. {Laiv^ Suppression of truth.
rections. —
Compos'lng- Concede, kon-sed'', v. t. To yield or suffer to pass ; to
stick, 71. {Print.) An in- admit to be true, grant, admit, give up, surrender.
strument of adjustable — V. i. To make concession. — Conces'^sion, -sesh'-
width, in which type is un, n. Act of granting ; thing granted ; boon ; a
Composing-stick.
arranged into words and privileo;e, orjight granted by government.
lines. — Composite, -poz'it, a. Made of distinct parts Conceit, kon-set', n. That which is conceived in the
or elements; compounded. {Arch.) Belonging to an mind idea thought image a quaint fancy af-
; ; ; ; ;

order of architecture made up of the Ionic grafted fected conception; opinion; estimation; esp. overes-
upon the Corinthian. See Capital. — Composite timation of one's self; vanity. v. t. To conceive, im-
number. {Math.) One which can be measured ex- agine. — V. i. _To form an idea, judge.
actly by a number exceeding unity. — Compos'ltive, Conceive, kou-sev', v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.]
-pSz'T-tiv, a. Compounded, or having power of com- To receive into the womb and breed to form in the ;

pounding. — Compos'itor, -ter, n. One who sets in mind, as a purpose to picture to the imagination,
order. {Print.) One who sets type. — Compo^'nent, understand, believe, think. — v. i. To become preg-
;

a. Composing; serving or helping to form; consti- nant; to have a conception, idea, or opinion; to
tuting. n. — A
constituent part; aji ingredient. think. —
Conceiv'able, a. Imaginable. Conceiv'- —
Compos'itae, -te, ?i. pZ. {Bot.) A family of dicoty- ableness, ?i. —
Conceiv'ably, «rti-. Concept, kon'- —
ledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in sept, n. An abstract general conception. Concep- —
dense heads, —including the daisy, dandelion, and tion, -sep'shun, n. Act of conceiving; state of being
aster. —Com'post, -post, ?i. {Agi-ic.) A mixture for conceived; formation in the mind of an image, idea,
fertilizing land. —
v.t. To manure with compost. etc.; apprehension; image, etc., formed; notion; a
— Compos'^nre, -zhur, n. Act of composing; tning universal; power or faculty of forming an idea in
composed; a settled'state; calmness; tranquillity. the mind.

sttn, cube, fuU. ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, liien, boNboN, chair, get.
 CONCENT 76 CONDONE
Concent, kon-senf, n. Concert of voices; harmonj'. with references to the text.— Concord'ant, a. Agree-
Concenter, -tre, kon-sen'ter, v. i. [-cexteked or ing correspondent consonant. Concord'antly, —
-TRED (-terd), -TERIXG Or -TKIXG.] To coiiie to a a:/v.
;

—
;

Concor'dat, n. A compact or agreement, —

point, or meet in a common center. v. t. To draw — esp. between the pope and a sovereign for the regu-
to a center, bring to a point. Concentrate, kon-— lation of ecclesiastical matters.
sen'trat or kon'sen-trat, v. t. To bring to a com- Concorporate, kon-kor'po-rat, v. i. To unite in one
mon center, unite more closely, combine. Concen- — mass or budj'. — a. United in, etc.
tra'tion, H. Act of, etc. (Chem.) Volatilization of Concourse, kon'kors, n. A
moving or running to-
part of a liquid, to incren.se the f*;rength of the re- gether; an assembly; crowd: place of meeting.
mainder. —
Concen'trative, a. Serving to, etc. — Concrete, kon^kret, u. United in growth; formed by
Concen'trativeness, H. (I'hrcn.) Power of concen- coalition of particles into one Dod3-; united in a
trating intellectual force. See Phrexologv. — solid form. (Logic.) Existing in a subject; not ab-
Con'^centrator, -ter, ?i. {Hining.) pneumatic ap- A stract. 71.—A compound or mass formed by con-
paratus for separating dry comminuted ore, accord- cretion. (A7-ch.) A mass of stone chippings, peb-
ing to the specific gravity of its particles. Con- — bles, etc., cemented by mortar. (Logic.) term A
cen'tric, a. Having a common center. designating both a quality and the subject in which
Concern, kon-sern', v.t. [-cerxed (-sernd''), -cern- it exists; a concrete term. Concrete', r. i. To —
iXG.j To relate or belong to, be of importance to unite orcoalesce, as separate particles into a mass. —
to take an interest in to disturb, make uneasy.
;
— ;

V. t. To form into a mass. Concre''tion, n. Act—

n. That which relates to one, or affects the wel- of concreting, mass or solid matter formed by con-
fare; interest in, or care for, any thing. {Com.) gelation, condensation, coagulation, or other like
Persons connected in business a farm and its busi- natural process. ( Geol.) A nodule, produced by
ness. — ;

Concern'mg, prep. Pert, to; regarding; with aggregation of material around a center.
respect to. Concubine, kon'ku-bin, 7i. paramour a woman A ;

Concert, kon-sert'', v. t. To plan together; to plan, who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a .
devise. —
v. i. To act in harmony,
form combined wife of inferior condition.
—
plans, take counsel. Agreement m a
Con'cert, n. Concupiscence, kon-ku-'pis-ens, w. Unlawful desire,
plan; harmony; musical accordance or harmony; a esp. of carnal pleasure; lust.
musical entertainment. —
Concer''to, )i. A musical Concur, kon-ker'', v. i. [-curred (-kerd'), -cuekixg.]
composition written for a principal instrument, with To meet in the same point; to act jointly; to unite
accompaniments for a full orchestra. [It.] Con- — in opinion, approve. Concur^rence, n. — com- A
certina, -te'na, n. A musical instrument of the ac- ing together; union; conjunction; joint rights, im-
cordion species. plj'ing equality in different persons. Concur^rent, —
Concession. See under Co?fCEDE. a. Acting in conjunction; cooperating; associate;
Conch, konk, n. A marine shell. (Arch.) The domed concomitant joint and equal in authority. h. —
semicircular or pol.vgonal ter-
;

Joint or contrit)utor.y cause. Concur'rently, adv. —

mination of the choir of a Concussion, kon-kush'un, ?i. Act of shaking or agi-
church; apsis. See Apsis. — tating, esp. by the stroke of another body; state of
Concha, koQ'ka, n. (Anat.) being shaken; shock.
The external ear, by which Condemn, kon-dem', v. t. [-demxed f-demd''), -dem-
sounds are collected and trans- KiNG (-dem'ning).] To pronounce to be wrong,
mitted to the internal ear. See blame, censure, pronounce judicial sentence against,
Ear. [L .] —
Conchology. -koK- pronounce unfit for service. Condem''ner, 7i. — —
o-jT, 71. Science of shells and Condem'nable, a. Worthy of, etc.; blameworthy;
animals inhabiting them; mal- culpable. —
Condemna-'tion, 7i. Act of, or state of
acology. — ConchoKogist, n. Conch. being, etc. reason of a sentence; judgment.
: Con- —
One versed in, etc. _ * dem'natory, -to-rT, a. Bearing condemnation.
Conciliate, kon-siKl-at, v. t. To win over; to gain Condense, kon-dens', v. t. f-DEXSED (-densf), -dexs-
from a state of indifference or hostilitv. Concil'- — ING.] To make more close, compact, or dense: to
ia'tion, 7i. Act of, etc.: reconciliation. —Concil'- compress, consolidate, thicken. v.i. To becon^e —
iator. -ter, n. —
Concil'iatory, -to-rl, a. Tending to close to grow thick or dense.
; Conden'sate, -sat, —
conciliate; pacific. V. t. & i. Same as condense. Condens'er, n. One —
Concise, kon-sis'', a. Expressing much in a few words-, who, or that which, etc.; esp. (Much.) a vessel for
laconic; terse; succinct; condensed: brief and com- condensing vapor into a liquid form. See Ste.\m
prehensive; —used of style in reading or speaking.
— —
Engine. —
Condens'able, a. Capable of being, etc.
Concise 'ly, nrf?;. Cohcise'ness, n —Concision, — Condensa'tion, n. Act of, etc. Conden''sativ6, —
-sizh'un, H. A
cutting off; division; faction; circum- -tiv, a. Having power or tendency to, etc.
cision. Condescend, kon-de-send'", v. i. To let one's self
Conclave, kon''klav, n. A private apartment, esp. down; to relinquish rank, or dignity of character;
that where the cardinals meet to elect a pope; as- to recede willingly from one's riglits to deign,
sembly to elect a pope; the body of cardinals; a pri- vouchsafe. —
Condescend''ingly, at/r.- Condescen-
;

vate meeting. sion, -sen-'shun, 7i. Act of, etc. complaisance ; :

Conclude, kon-klud', v. f. To close, as an argument, courtesy; affability.

bymferring; to bring to an end; to make a final Condign, kon-din'', «.Desepved; merited; suitable.
judgment or determination of; to infer, finish, end. Condiment, kon'dt-ment, n. Something to give relish
— r. i. To come to an end, close; to form a final to food.
judgment. —
Conclu'sion, -zhun, w. Last part of Condisciple, kon-dis-si''pl, n. A fellow-disciple; school-
anything; decision; deduction from premises; an fellow.
experiment. (Law.) End of a pleading; an estoppel Condition, kon-dish'un, n. State or situation as re-
or bar by which one is held to a position which he gards externa! circumstances quality property
has taken. —
Conclu'sive, -siv, a. Pert, to a close; attribute: that which must exist as the occasion'or
; ; ;

ending debate or question; final; decisive: defini- concomitant of something else: stipulation: article:
tive. —Conclu'sively, adv. —
Conclu'siveness, n. terms. —I', i. [-ditioxed (-dish'und), -tioxixg.]
Concoct, kon-kokt', r. t. To digest; to mature, per- To make terms, stipulate. r. t. —
To contract, stip-
fect, ripen; to devise, plan, plot. ulate ; impose conditions on.
to Condi'tional, a. —
Concomitant, kon-kom'l-tant, a. Accompanying, or Containing, implying, or depending on, etc. not
conjoined; concurrent; attending, — n. One who is, absolute. (Gram. Si. Logic.) Expressing a condition
;

etc.; an accompaniment. or supposition.

Concord, kon-'kerd, n. A
state of agreement har- : Condole, kon-doK, v. i. [-doled C-dold''), -doling.]
mony; union. (Oram.) Agreement of words with To express sorrow at the pain of another. [L. C07i
^ne another, in gender, number, person, or case.
(Mtis.) A
consonant chord: consonance; harmony.
and dole7'e, to grieve.]— Condol'er, n. Condole'^- —
ment, -do'lence, n. Expression of sympathy, etc.
— Concord'ance, -ans, n. Agreement; accordance; Condone, kon-don'', v. t. [-doxed (-dondO, -doning.]
a verbal index to a work, in which passages con- (Eccl. Law.) To pardon; to forgive for a violation
taining the same word
„ are arranged
« »..
., alphabetically,
^».<.^^v<. Mit"*"-'-'*-*-*^**»-lJ , Ui IliaillltgC vow.
LUC marriage
of the VUW.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 6dd, >5ne, 6r
 CONDOR 77 CONFUSE
Condor, kon'dor, n. A large bird of the vulture fam- A formulary stating articles of faitli.— Confes'sional,
ily, found in the Andes; a n. The seat where a confessor sits to hear confessions.
Rold coin of Chili and the — Confes''sionalism, -izm, n. The principle of mak-
U. S. of Colombia, wortJi ing confession principle of formulating the beliefs
;

10 pesos, or more than ^\). ^ of a church into a confession of faith, and exacting
t'ondottiere, kon-dot-te-a-'ra, acceptance thereof from its members. Confes'- —
n. ;///. -EUi,-a''re. In Italy, sionary, -a-rl, a. Pert, to auricular confession. —
the leader of a band of Confess 'or, -er,n. One who acknowledges his sins or
mercenary soldiers, living obligations. {Eccl.) One who professes faith in the
Dy pillage; a brigand. Christian religion. A
priest who hears confessions.
conduce, kon-dus', v. t. Confide, kon-fid'', v. i. To put faith, believe. r. t. —
[-DUCKD (-dQsf), -DU- To give in charge. Confidanf, n. m., -fldante'', — —
ciNG.] To promote, answer, i-^^ n. /., -fT-dant''. A
contidential friend. [OF.]
or further an end: to tend, Con'fidence, -tT-dens, n. Act of confiding belief
contribute. —
Co n'd uc t in the reality of a fact or integrity of a person ;
;

-dukt, n. Act or metlmd of that in which faith is put feeling of security; self- ;

leading, commanding, reliance assurance expectation hope courage.

; ; ; ;

etc.; skillful guidance; Cbn'fidence-man, n. One who appeals to another's

generalship that wliicli
; Confidence in order to swindle him a plausible
leads, guides, escorts, or Condor, scoundrel. —
Con'fident, a. Having confidence ;
;

brings safely convoy ; trustful self-reliant having an excess of assur-

—
; ; ;

guard; warrant; manner of guiding one's self be- ance; occasioning confidence. Con'fidently, adv. —
havior; deportment demeanor. Conduct', v. t. — ;

Confiden'tial, -shal, a^ Enjoying confidence; com-

—
;

To lead or guide, e.^cort, attend; to lead as a com- municated in confidence. Confiden'tiaUy, adr.
mander, direct, control; to manage, re<rulate, carry. Configure, kon-fig-'ur, r. ^ [-figuised (-urd), -urixg.]
— V. i. To behave, act. Conduct'ible, «. Con- — — To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or
duct'ibil'ity,n.— Conduction, -duk'shun, n. (,P/ii/s- shape.— Config'ura'tion, ?i. External form. (Astrol.)
i£S.) Transmission tlirough, or by means of, a con- Relative position or aspect of the planets. [F.]
ductor. —
Conducfive, -iv, a. Conducting. Con- — Confine, kou'lin, n. Common boundary ; border ;
ductiv'ity, n. Quality or power of conducting or limit. —
Confine', v. t. [-fined (-find'), -fining.]
giving passage to molecular action. Conducfor, — To restrain within limits to bound, immure, re-
— ;

-er, n. One who conducts; a leader; guide; man- strict. r. i. To have a common boundary to ;

ager; one in charge of a railroad train. (^Phi/sics.) border. —

Confine'ment, ?i. Restraint within limits;
A substance, esp. a metallic rod, forming a medium imprisonment; detention by sickness, esp. by child-
for the transmission of some substance or fluid, birth.
esp. of heat or electricity. Conducfress, n. A — Confirm, kon-ferm', v. t. [-firjied (-fermd'), -firsi-
woman who, etc. IXG.] To make firm, give strength to, render fixed
Conduit, kon'- or kun-'dit, ?i. That which conducts or or certain ; to render valid by formal assent. (Eccl.)
conveys; esp. a pipe, canal, etc. To administer confirmation to. — Confirm'able, a.
Cone, kon, n. A solid body, tapering to a point from — Confirma'tion, n. Act of confirming, or estab-
a circular base. {Bot.) The conical lishing; that which confirms, convincing testimony;
fruit of evergreen trees, as of the pine, ratification. (Eccl.) A rite inEpiscopal churches
fir, cedar, etc. — Conic, kon^'ik, -ical, by which one baptized is admitted to the full privi-
a. Formed like, resembling, or pert, leges of the church. Confirm'ative, .-tiv, a. —
Hav-
to, etc. —Conic aection. {Geom.) A ing power to confirm. Confirm'atory, -to-rt, a. —
curve line formed by the intersection Servina; to confirm corroborative pert, to the rite
;

—
;

of a cone and plane, a parabola, hy- of confirmation.

perbola, or ellipse. — Co'niform, a. i^ Confiscate, kon'fis-kat or kon-fis'kat, v. t. To appro-
Cone-shaped conical. — Conif^erous, ~
; priate, as a penalty, to public use. a. Appropri- —
-nifer-us, a. {Bot.) Bearing cones^ Cone, ated, etc.
as pines, etc. — Co'noid, -noid, n. Anything cone- Conflagration, kon-fla-gra'shun, n. great fire. A
shaped. {Geom.) A solid formed by the revolution Conflict, kon'flikt, ?». Violent collision a stri^^ng ;

of a conic section about its axis. — Co'noid, -noid'- to oppose or overcome the last struggle of life ; ;

al, a. Nearly, but not exactly, conical. pang agony.

; —
Conflict', v. i. To strike or dash
Confect, kon'fekt, A sweetmeat; comfit. — Confec'-
)i. together, meet in collision, struggle, strive, battle.
tion, n. A preparation of fruit, etc., with sugar act ConiQ.uence, kon'flu-cns, n. The meeting or junction
of making confects. — Confec'tioner, n. One who
;

of streams place of meeting running together of

makes or sells confections, candies, etc. — Confec'-
;

—
;

people crowd. ; Con'fluent, a. Flowing together;

tionery, -er-T, n. Sweetmeats in general; confections; running one into another meeting in a common ;

candies place for makiiig or selling, etc.

; current or basin. (Bot.) United at the base. n.
Confederate, kon-fed'er-at, o. United in a league; A small stream flowing into a large one ; place Qf
engaged in a confederacy. n. person or nation — A meeting of streams,' etc. Con'flux, n. flowing — A
engaged in an ally.
a confederacy; v. t. and i. To — together of currents; assemblage; concourse.
unite in a league. — Confed'eracy, -a-sT, n. A Conform, kon-form', v. t. [-formed (-f6rmd'), -form-
league or covenant union between persons or ; ing.] To shape in accordance with, make alike,
states persons, etc., united by a league. (Law.) bring into harmony or agreement with. v. i. To —
;

An unlawful combination conspiracy. Con- ;

— conduct in accordiJince, comply, yield, render obe-
federa''tion, ;j. Act of confederating; league; com- dience. (Eng. Eccl. HM.^ To be a conformist.
pact for mutual support; parties to a league. Cvnforma'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
Confed'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. agreement harmony structure of a body form
;

Confer, kon-fer'', v. t. [-kekreu (-ferd''), -ferrixg.] make. —

Conform'ist, n. One who complies with
; ; ;

To grant a permanent possession; to bestow, award. the worship of the church of England. Conform'- —
— V. t. To discourse or converse seriously to com- ; ity, -t-tt, n. Correspondence in character, etc. ;
pare views. —
Conference, -ens, n. Act of convers- congruity. (^Emj. Eccl. Bi.^t.) Compliance with the
ing; interchange of views meeting for consulta- ; usages of the established church.
tion interview.
; Confound, kon-fownd', r. t. To mingle and blend,
Confess, kon-fes', r. t. [^-fessed (-fesf), -fessing.] To so as to be indistinguishable to throw into confu- ;

acknowledge or admit, as a crime, fault, debt, etc. ; sion to abash, dismay, defeat, ruin, intermingle.
;

to own or recognize to admit as true, assent to. Confraternity, kon-frji-ter'nT-tT; n. A brotherhood.

—
;

(Eccl.) To declare (one's sins) to a priest, in order to Confrere, koN'frar, ti. An associate.
receive absolution to hear suclj confession to dis- Confront, kon-f runt', v. t. To stand facing, or in front
close or reveal, as an eifcct its cause.
;

v. i. To — ;

of; to face; to stand in direct opposition to, oppose;

—
make confession. Confes'sion, -fesh'un, n. Ac- to set together for comparison, compare.
knowledgment admission of a debt, obligation, or
; Confuse, kon-fuz', v. ^. [-fused (-itizd'), -fusing.] To
crime. (Eccl.) Act of disclosing sins to a priest. jumble together, render indistinct or obscure, dis-
6un, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CONFUTE 78 CONSCIENCE
order, abash, disconcert, perplex, distract. —Con- Conjugate, kon'ju-gat, v. t. (Gram.) To inflect, as
fusion, -I'u'zhun, n. State of being mixed or blend- verbs. n. —
A word agreeing in derivation with an-
ed so as to produce indistinctness or error loss of other. — a.
United in pairs; yoked together. {Gram.^
self-possession shame overthrow ; defeat ruin.
; ;
;

; Agreeing in derivation witli other words. ConjQ- —

Confute, kon-tut'', v. t. To put to silence; to prove to ga'tion, ». {Gram.) Act of inflecting, as a verb; a
be false or defective, disprove, set aside, oppugn. scheme exhibiting all the parts of averb; aclassof
Conge, kox'zha o/- kon'ie, «. Act of taking leave ; verbs inflected in the same manner through their
parting ceremony; a bow or courtesy. (Arch.) A varioiis forms.
molding in form of a quarter round; a cavetto Conjunct, kon-junkf, a. United; conjoined; concur-
apophygee. See Molding. v.i. [congeed (-zhad — ;

rent. —
Conjunc'tion, n. Act of, or state of being,
or -jed), CONGEING.] To take leave with civilities; etc. {Astron.) Meeting of two or more stars or
to bow or courtesy. planets in the same degree of the zodiac. {Gram.)
Congeal, kon-jeK, v. t. [congealed (-jeld'), -geal- A connective or connecting word.— Conjunc'tive,
INO.] To freeze, stiffen with cold, or from terror. -tiv, a. Closely united; serving to unite. {Gram.)
V. i. To grow hard or stilf Following or introduced by a conjunction; con-
Congener, kon'je-ner, n. A
thing of the same genus, tingent. —Conjunc'tively, Conjuncfiy, ac/f.— Con-
or allied in kind. juncture, -junk''chur, n. Act of, or state of being,
Congenial, kon-jen'yal, a. Partaking of the same etc.; connection; combination; an occasion or crisis
feeling; kindred; sympathetic. Congen''ite, -jen''- — as the effect of the combination or concurrence of
it, -ital, a. Of the same birth; begotten together; circumstances. —
Conjunc'tiva, -tT-va, n. (Anat.)
dating from birth. The mucous membrane covering the eye-ball and
Conger, kon''ger, Con'ger-eel, -el, ?i. A large species of inner surface of the lids. [L.]
sea-eel. Conjure, kon-joor'', i\ t. [-.juked (-joord''), -jurixg.]
Congeries, kon-je'^rT-ez, n. sing, and pi. A collection To call on or summon 'solemnly, adjure. Comur''- —
of particles into one mass a heap combination.
; ; er, n. —
Conjure, kun'^jer, v. t. To affect, proauce,
Congest, kon-jest', v. t. To collect into a mass or ag- excite, etc., as if by magic, or by supernatural pow-
gregate. —
Congestion, -jes'chun, h. {Med.) An un- er to enchant, charm, bewitch. 1\ i. To practice —
—
;

natural accumulation of blood in any part of the magical arts. Con'jurer, ?i. One who conjures, or
body. —
Congest'lve, -iv, n. Indicating, or attend- practices magic or legerdemain. Conjura'^tion, ?i. —
ed by, accumulation of blood. Earnest or solemn entreaty practice of magic arts ; ;

Conglomerate, kon-gloni''er-at, a. Gathered together incantation.

in a mass; collected. {Dot.) Closely clustered to- Connate, kon'nat or kon-nat', a. Born with another j
gether. {Geol.) Composed of stones, pebbles, etc.; existing from birth. (Zioi.) United
—
cemented together. v. «. To gather into a round in origin; united into one body.
body. n. —
Collection accumulation. {Geol.) A
; — Connas'cence, -sens, -cency,^
rock, composed of pebbles, cemented by mineral -sen-sT, n. The common birth of!"
substance. —
Conglom'era''tion, n. A gathering two or more at the same time; a
into, etc.; accumulation. being: produced with another ;

Congo, kon'go, Con-'gou, -goo, n. A black tea, a su- act of growing together, or at the
perior quality of Bohea. same time.— Connas^cent, a. Pro-
Congratulate, kon-grat'u-lat, v. t.To wish joy to on duced at the same time. — Con- „ i t x
some happy event; to felicitate.— Congratula'tion, natural, kon-nach'er-ral, a. Connate I.eaf.
n. Act of, etc. — Congrat'ulator, n. — Congratula- Connected by nature inborn; inherent participa- ; ;

tory, a. Expressive of, etc. ting of the same nature.

Congregate, kon''gre-gat, v. t. To collect into an as- Connect, kon-nekf, v. t. To knit or fasten together ;
semblage. V. i. —
To come together assemble to establish association between. v. i. To become —
— coherent, have close relation. — Connect'edly, adv.
; ;

meet. Congrega'tion, n. Act of, etc.: collection

of separate things; assembly of persons, esp. a re- — Connection, -nek'shun,, n. Act of, or state of
ligious assembly. —
Congrega'tional, a. Pert, to a being, etc. persons or things connected together ;
;
—
congregation, to the system of Congregationalism, continuity junction dependence relationship.
; ; ;

or, esp., to that of the associated evangelical Trini- Connecfive,' -iv, a. Having power to connect. -;-
tarian Congregational churches; independent.— Con- n. {Gram.) A
word that connects other words or
grega'^tionalism, -izm, n. system of church gov-A sentences a conjunction.
;

ernment which vests ecclesiastical power in each Connive, kon-niv', v. i. [-nived (-nivd''), -nivixg.]
local church, as a self-governing body; independ- To close the eyes upon, wink at, forbear to see.
ency. —
Congrega'tionalist, n. Conniv'ance, n. Voluntary oversight; collusion.
Congress, korc'gres, n. A
meeting of individuals; esp. Connoisseur, kon-is-ser'', n. A criticaljudge or master
of two persons of opposite sexes for sexual inter- of any art, esp. of painting, music, and sculpture.
course; an assembly, as of deputies, envoys, or com- Connubial, kon-nu-'bT-al, a. Pert, to marriage or the
missioners; the assembly of senators and representa- marriage state conjugal nuptial. ; ;

tives of a nation, esp. of a republic: convention; con- Conoid, etc. See under Cone.
vocation.
—
—
Congressional, -gresh'un-al, n. Pert, to, Conquer, kon'ker, v. t. [-quered (-kerd), -quering.]
etc. Congres'sive, -siv, a. Encountering; coming To acquire by force to subdue, vanquish, sur-
together. —
Con'gress-man, n. ; ]il. -jien. member A mount, master. Con'queror, -er, n. — Conquest,
;

—
of tlie U. S. Congress. kon'kwest, w. Act of, etc.; thing conquered. {Feu-
Congruence, kon'grob-ens, n. Suitableness of one dal Law.) Acquisition of property otherwise than
thing to another agreement. Congru'ity, -T-tT, — by inheritance.
n.
;

Quality of being, etc.; fitness; harmony. Con'- — Consanguineous, kon-san-gwiu'e-us, a. Of the same
gruous, «. Having congruity; pertinent; appropri- blood i-elated by birth.
; Consanguin'ity, -I-tl, n. —
ate. —
Con'gruously, uifv. Relationship by birth.
Conic, Coniferous, etc. See under Coxe. Conscience, koii'^shens, n. The faculty which decides
Conium, ko'nT-um, n. {Bat.) An umbelliferous plant, on the lawfulness of our actions and affections;
poison hemlock. moral faculty moral sense determination of con-
; ;

Conjecture, kon-jek'chur, n. Formation of an opin- science truth; justice; honesty; reasonableness.

ion on presumptive evidence; surmise. v. t. and i. — ;

Con'scienceless, a. Having no conscience. Con- —

r-TUUED(-churd), -TURING.] To infer on slight evi- scientious, -shl-en'shus, a. Governed by strict re-
dence, surmise, suspect, guess. Conjee 'turable, — gard to the dictates of conscience; scrupulous: just;
a. —Conjec'tural, a. Depending on, etc. Con- — upright. —
Conscien'tiously, adv. Conscien'tious- —
jec'turally, adv. ness, n. —
Con'scicnable, -shun-a-bl, a. Governed
—
Conjoin, kon-join', v. t. [-.toined (-joind''), -joining.] by conscience just. Con''scious, -shus, a. Pos-
To join together, associate, connect. t'. i. To — ;

sessing the faculty of knowing one's thoughts or

unite, join, league. —
Conjoinf, a. United; asso- mental operations'; capable of perceiving sounds,
ciated. —Conjoint'ly, adv. acts, or sensations made the object of conscious-
;

Conjugal, kon'ju-gal, -ju'gial, -jY-al, a. Belonging to ness; aware; apprised; sensible.— Con'sciousness, n.
the marriage state; matrimonial; connubial; nuptial. Knowledge of what passes in one's own mind; im-
fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 —

CONSCRIPT 79 CONSTRAIN
mediate knowledge of any object; state in which monious. —
Con8ist''ent, a. Possessing firmness or
one knows what is passing around one. fixedness having agreement with itself at different
;

Conscript, kon'skript, a. Enrolled; written; regis- times, or harmony among its parts; accordant; con-
tered. — n. One taken by lot, to serve as a soldier or gruous ; uniform.
sailor. — Conscript'', v. To enroll, by compulsion,
t. Console, kon-sol'. v. t. [-soled (-sold'), -solixg.J To
for military service. cheer in distress, comfort, soothe. ConsoKer, «.- —
Consecrate, kon'se-krat, v. t. To make, or declare to ConsoKable, a. —
Consola''tion, n. Act of comfort-
be sacred; to appropriate to sacred uses; to enroll ing or state of being comforted; that which com-
among the gods or saints, apotlieosize, canonize; to forts.— Consolatory, -t-SKa-to-rt, a. lending to com-
render venerable, dignitv. a. —
Consecrated; de- fort; pert, to consolation.
voted; sacred. — Consecra'^tion, v. Act or ceremony Console, kon''sol, n. (Arch.) bracket; a projecting A
of consecrating dedication canonization apothe-
; ; ;
ornament on the keystone of anarch.
osis.— Con'secrator, 71. Consolidate, kon-soKl-dat, v. t. To '

Consecution, ko7i-se-ku''shun, n. A sequel train of make solid, unite or press together

—
:

things that follow one another. Consec'utive, -u- into a compact mass; to unite, as va-
ti V, a. Following in a train uninterrupted in succes- rious particulars, into one body, con-
;

sion following Its a consequence or result. (Miis.) dense, compress. v. i. To grow —

;

Following in the same order. —

Consec'utively, firm and hard, unite and become
adv. — Con'sequence, -se-kwens, n. That which solid. a. —
Consolidated.
flows out of, antl follows, something on which it de- Consomme, ko.v-som-ma'', n. (Cook- Console. .

pends. (Lou-) A conclusion which results from rea- erij.) A

broth made very strong by boiling.
son or argument inference deduction connec-
; : ; Consonant, kon''so-nant^a. Having agreenient; con-
tion of cause and effect. —
Con'sequent, a. Follow- gruous; consistent. (3fus.) Harmonizing togeth-
ing as a result or inference. (Log.) FoUpwing by er accordant.
;
—
71. An articulation which is uttered

necessary inference, or rational deduction. n. — with a more open sound called a vowel; a letter rep-
That which follows, etc. (Log.) A conclusion or resenting such articulation. Con''sonance, -nancy, —
inference. (Math.) The second term of a ratio. •
n. (Jlus.) A pleasing accord of sounds produced
Con''sequently, adr. —
Consequential, -kwen'shal, simultaneously. Agreement; unison; harmony.
a. Following, etc.; assuming an air of consequence; Consort, kon''»6rt, w. A companion or partner; esp. a
—
pompous. Consequen-'tially, adr. With just de- wife or husband; spouse. Consort'', v. i. To unite —
duction of consequences; logically; by consequence; or keep company associate. v. t. To join, as in
; —
in a regular series; with assumed importance. affection, company, etc.
Consensus, kon-sen'sus, n. Agreement accord. ;
— Conspectus, kon-spek'tus, n. general sketch or out- A
Consent'', n. Agreement in opinion or sentiment; line of a subject; synopsis; epitome. Conspic'uous, —
correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations; -u-us, a. Obvious to the eye; manifest; noted; illus-
voluntary accordance with what is done or proposed trious.
by another; accord; concurrence; free-will. v. i. — Conspire, kon-spTr'', i>. i.

To covenant for an evil purpose, plot together; to

[-spired (-spTrd'), -spiring.]
To agree in opinion or sentiment; to yield to guid-
ance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent, ac- concur to one end, agree, combine, league. v.t. —
cede, comply, permit, acquiesce. —
Consent'' er, n. To plot, concur in.— Conspiracy, -spTr''a-sT, n. A
combination of persons for evil; concurrence to one
Conserve, kon'serv', v. t. [-served (-servd''), -serv-
ing.] To save, preserve, protect;, to prepare with event combination plot. ; Conspir''ator, -ter, n.;
—
sugar, etc., for preservation, as fruits, etc. n. Any- — Constable, kun''sta-bl, n. A high officer in medieval
thing conserved, esp. a sweetmeat, of fruit, etc., monarchical establishments. (Law.) An officer of
prepared with sugar. —
Conserv'able, a. Capable the peace, bound to execute warrants of ju-licial
of being, etc. —Conserv'ant, a. Preserving from officers.
destruction or decay. —
Conserv'ancy, -sT, Conser- Constant, kon'stant, a. Not liable to change; stead-
va''tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Conserv'ative, -tiv, a. fast; permanent; perpetual; resolute; firm. (Math.
Preservative; disposed to maintain existing institu- & Phtfsics.) Remaining unchanged or invariable. —
tions. —n. One who, or that which, preserves from n. That which is not subject to change. (Math.) A
ruin, injury, or radical change; one who desires to quantity whose value always remains the same in
maintain existing institutions and customs. Con- — trie same expression. Con''stantly, adv. Con''- — —
serv'atism, -tizm, n. Disposition or tendency to stancy, -si, n. Quality of being, etc.; freedom from
preserve what is established; opposition to change. change; firmness of mind, esp. under sufferings, in
Conserv'atory, -to-rt, a. Having the quality of pre- attachments, or in enterprise stability resolution.
serving from loss, decay, or iniurj'. n. —
place for A Constellation, kon-stel-la''shun,re. A group of fixed
; ;

preserving things, esp. a jjreenfiouse for plants; that stars; assemblage of splendors or excellencies.
which preserves from injury; a public place of in- Consternation, kon-ster-na''shun, n. Amazement or
struction in learning or art. terror that confounds the faculties; horror; amaze-
Consider, kon-sid'er, i'. t. [-sidered (-sid^'erd), -er- ment.
IXG.] To think on with care, fix the mind on; to Constipate, kon''stT-pat, v. t. To stop, as a passage, by
have regard to, take into view or account; to esti- it, and preventing motion through it; to ren-
filling
mate, think, view. —
v. i. To think seriouslj', ma- der costive. —
Constipa''tion, n. Act of crowding;
turely, or carefully, deliberate. —
Consid''erable, state of being crowded condensation costiveness. ; ;

a. Possessing consequence; of some distinction; Constitute, kon''stT-tut, v. t. To cause to stand, es-

noteworthy; respectable: of importance or value; tablish, enact; to give formal existence to, compose,
moderately large. —
Consid''erablene3s, /;. Some de-
— — form to appoint, depute, or elect to an office or
;

— —
gree of iniportance, etc. Consid'erably, adv. employment. Con''stituter, n. Constit''uent, -u-
Consid''erate, a. Given to consideration or sober ent, o. Serving to form, etc. component ; element- ;

reflection; mindful of the rights, claims, and feel- al having power to elect or appoint. n. The per- —
ings of others. —Consid'^erataly, adv. Consid''er- —
;

son or thing which establishes, etc. component ;

ateness, h. — Consid'era'tion, n. Act of consider- part element ; one who assists to appoint or elect
;

ing; careful thought; deliberation; appreciative re- a representative to an office. Constitu''tion, n. Act —
gard claim to notice some degree of consequence;
; ; of constituting form.ition state of being natural
; ; ;

ground of opinion: influence. (Law.) The material condition; conformation; princioles or fundamental
cause of acohtract compensation; equivalent.
; laws which govern a state or otner organized body
Consign, kon-sin'', v. t. [-sig.ned (-sind''), -signing.] of men an authoritative ordinance, regulation, or
—
;

To give, transfer, or deliver, formally; to commit, enactment. Constitu''tional, a. Pert, to or inher-

intrust. (Coot.) To give into the hands of an agent ent in the constitution in accordance with, or au- ;

for superintendence, sale, etc. To assign, appro- thorized by, the constitution of a government or so-
priate. — Consign''ment, 71. Act of, etc. (Vom.) ciety regulated by, dependen*: on, or secured by,
Thing consigned; goods sent to a factor for sale; etc.
;

for the benefit of tli£ constitution.

; n. Exer- —
the writing by which a thing is consigned. cise for the constitution, or health.
Consist, kon-sist'', i'. i. To be in a fixed or permanent Constrain, kon-stran'', v. t. [-strained (-strand'');
state; to be, exist, subsist; to be consistent or har- -STRAINING.] To secure by bonds, bring into a nar-

stln, cube, full ; moon, f(3t)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CONSTRUCT 80 CONTRACT
row compass, hold back by force, urge with irresist- gen. in pi. That which is contained; power of con-
ible power, necessitate. Constrain'able, a. Con- — — taining capacity. —
Content'ed, a. Content; satis-
strain'^edly, adc. —
Constraint, -strant'', n. Act
;

fied. — Content'edly, adr. Content'edness, n. — —

of, or state of being, etc. tliat which constrains ; ; Content'ment, n. Satisfaction of mind acquies- ;

compulsion urgency. Constrict', v. t. To draw — cence that which affords satisfaction gratifica-
— —
; ; ;

together into a "narrow compass, contract. Con- tion. Con'tinent, n. {Geog.) One of the large
stric'tion, ?i. Act of, or state of being, etc. Con- — bodies of land on the globe. Tne main land of Eu-
Btricfive, -iv, a. Serving to bind. Constrict'or, — rope, as disting. fr. the islands, esp. fr. England. —
-er, n. That which, etc. esp. a serpent which sur- ; a. Restraining the indulgence of desires or pas-
rounds its prey with its folds and crushes it. Con- — sions, esp. as to sexual intercourse ; temperate ;
stringe, -strinj"', v. t. [-stringed (-strinid'), -strin- chaste.
ging.] To draw together, contract. Constrin^gent, — Contaminate, kon-tam't-nat, v. t. To soil, stain, or
a. Having the quality of contracting. corrupt by defiling contact to pollute, defile, taint.
Construct, kon-strukf, v. t. To put together the — o. Having defilement; corrupt.
;

constituent parts of to devise and put in an or- ; Contemn, kon-tem', v. t. [-te.mned (-temd'), -tem-
derly arrangement.— Con'struct, a. Formed bj% or NiNG (-tem'ning).] To consider and treat as un-
pert, to, construction, interpretation, or inference. worthy of regard to reject with disdain, despise,
— Construct 'er, n. —
Construc'tion, n. Act of con- scorn. — Contempt', n.
;

Act of, or state of being,

structing; act of building, or of devising and form- etc. {Law.) Lisobedience of the rules of a court
ing fabrication composition manner of putting
; ; ; of justice or legislative body. — Contempt'ible, a.
together the parts of anything. (Gram.) Syntac- Worthy of, etc. abject vile ; mean : base pitiful.
— Contempt'ibly, adv. —
; ;

— Contempt'ibleness,
;

tical arrangement. The metliod of construing or ?i.

explaining a declaration or fact understanding Contempt'uous, -u-us, a. Manilestiug, etc. scorn-

ful; insolent; fastidious. — Contempt'uously,
;

— Construcfiveness, w. ; ;

interpretation; sense. Ten- ac/i;.

dency to, etc. faculty which leads
(P/tren.) The Contemplate, kon'tem-plat or -teni'plat, r. t. To
to the formation of parts into a whole. See Phre- look at on all sides, regard with care, meditate on,
nology.— Construe, -stroo', r. t. [-STRUED (-strood'); study to have in view, as contingent or probable,
-STRUiNG.] To exhibit the construction of, as of a
;

look forward to, ponder, plan, purpose. v.i. To —

sentence or clause to interpret, translate.
; think studiously, muse, meditate.— Contem'plative,
Consubstantial, kon-sub-stan'shal, a. Having the -tiv, a. Pert, or'addicted to, etc.; studious; thought-
same essence. —
Con'substan'tia'tion, n. Identity ful having tlie power of thought or meditation.
of substance. (I'/teol.) The actual presence of the
;

Contem'platively, adv. Contem'platLveness, n. —

body of Christ with the bread and wine of the Contemporaneous, kon-tem'po-ra'ne-us, a. Living,
Lord's supper. acting, or transpiring at the same time contem- ;

Consul, kon'sul, n. One of the 2 chief magistrates porary. —

Contem'porary, -po-ra-rT, o. Living, act-
of the Roman republic, after the expulsion of the ing, or transpiring at the same time. — n. One who
kings one of the 3 supreme magistrates of France
; lives at the same time with anotlier.
from 1799 to 1804 an officer appointed by a govern-
; Contempt, Contemptuous, etc. See under Contemn.
ment to protect the interests of its citizens abroad. Contend, kon-tend', (. L To strive in opposition, or
Consult, kon-sulf, v. i. To seek opinion or advice, in debate, engage in discussion, dispute. Conten'- —
take counsel, deliberate. r. t. To ask advice of — tion, n. A violent effort to obtain or resist; strife in
to deliberate upon. Consult'er, n. —
Consulta''- — ;

debate struggle; quarrel; feud; competition; dis-

;

tion, n. Act of consulting or deliberating a meet- ; cord. —Conten'tious, -shus, a. Apt to contend; in-
ing, esp. of lawyers or of doctors, to consult. volving contention; quarrelsome; litigious; perverse,
Consume, kon-sum', v. t. [-susied (-sumd''), -sum- peevish.
ING.] To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, Content, Contentment, etc. See under Contain.
waste, or fire to swallow up, absorb, dissipate. — Conterminate, kon-ter'mi-nat, -minal. -mlnous, -nus.
V. i. To waste away slowly.
;

Consum'able, a. Con- — — a. Having the same bounds or boundaries; contigu-

sump 'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. {Med.) ous.
A gradual decay or diminution of the body esp. a ; Contest, kon-test', v. t. To make a subject of dispute;
disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic to strive earnestly to maintain to dispute, contro- ;

fever, cough, etc. —

Consump'tive, -tiv, a. Having vert, oppose. {Law.) To resist, as a claim, bj' course
the quality of consuming destructive ; affected ; of law. —
V. i. To engaM in dispute, strife, etc.; to
with, or inclined to, consiimption. emulate.— Con'test, n. Earnest dispute; strife; com-
Consummate, kon'sum-mat or -sum'mat, v. t. To bat; battle: debate; difference; strife. —Contest'-
bring to completion, raise to the highest point or able, a. —
Contest'ant, n. One who, etc.
degree, perfect, achieve. Consum'mate, a. Carried — Context, kon'tekst, n. The parts of a discourse which
to the utmost extent complete perfect. Con- ; ;
— precede or follow a particular passage.
sum'mately, adv. —
ConsHmma'tion, n. Act of, etc. Contiguous, Contingent, etc. See under Contact.
completion close perfection.
; ; Continent. See under Contain.
Contact, kon'takt, n. close union of bodies a A ; Continue, kon-tin'u, v.i. [-tinued (-tin'ud), -tinu-
—
touching or meeting. Contagion, -ta'jun,n. Trans- ING.J To remain in a given place or condition; to
mission of disease from one person to another, by be permanent or durable, steadfast or constant; to
contact; a medium or agency to transmit disease; endure, last, persevere, persist, stay. r. t. To pro- —
pestilential influence act or'means of propagating long, persist in. —
Contin'uer. ??.— Contin'uous, -u-
—
;

influence or effect. Conta'gious, -jus, a. {Med.) us, a. Without break, cessation, or interruption;
Communicable by contact or approach infectious; ; constantly prolonged extended. Contin'ual, a.
; —
catching. Containing or generating contagion pes- Proceeding without interruption; very frequent:
tilential communicable from one to another.
;

— often repeated; of frequent recurrence; perpetual;

;

Contig''uous. -u-us, a. In contact adjoining. ;

— incessant. —
Contin'ually, adv. Contin'ua'tion, n. —
Contig'uously, adr. —
Contig'uousness, -tigu'ity, n. Act of continuing, or the state of being continued;
State of being, etc. —
Contin'gent, -jent, a. Liable, that whicli extends, increases, supplements, etc. —
but not certain to occur dependent on what is un- ; Contin'uative, -tiv, n. {Rhet.) A statement express-
known incidental; casual. {Law.) Dependent
; ing permanence or duration. {Gram.) connect- A
for effect on something tliat mav or may not occur. ive; conjunction.
— n. A contingency what falls to one in an ap- ; Contort, kon-t6rt', v. t. To twist togefher, writhe. —
portionment_; quota proportion. _ Contor'tion, n. A twisting; partial dislocation of a
;

Contain, kon-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taining.] limb. —Contor'tive, -tiv, a. Expressiu'' contortion.
To hold within fixed limits, comprehend, comprise; Contour, kon-toor', n. Bounding line; outline; periph-
to be able to hold, inclose, ^j'. i. To live incon- ery.
tinence or chastity. —
Content', a. Having the de- Contraband, kon'tra-band, a. Prohibited by law or
sires limited by present enjoyment satisfied at treaty forbidden. — n. Prohibited merchandise or
—
; ; ;

rest. V. i. To satisfy the mind of, appease, please, traffic.

gratify. n.— Satisfaction moderate happiness Contract, kon-trakt', v. t. To draw together or nearer,
that which contents. Con'tent or Content', /(., — ; ;

reduce to less compass; to bring on, be liable to; to

ilm, fame, f iir, pass o7- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone. Or
 CONTRADICT 81 CONVEY
make a bargain for; to betroth, affiance. (Gram.) troverter, -vertist, -ver'sialist, -viSr-'shal-ist, n. One
To unite into one long vowel or diphthonjr, said —
who, etc. a disputant polemic Controvert'ible, —
of concurrent vowels. v. i.— To be drawn together a. Capable of being, etc.
;

Controvert'ibly, adv.
;

—
or reduced in compass: to make an agreement, cov- —
Controver'sial, -slial. a. Pert, to, etc.; disputa-
enant, bargain. —
Con'' tract, n. An agreement be- tious. -Controver-'sially, adv.
tween parties, imposing obligations and conferring Contiunacy, kon'tu-ma-sl, n. Persistent obstinacy ;

rights upon each; covenant; compact; stipulation; stubborn perverseness. {Law.) Willful contempt
obligation; a formal writing containing such agree- of, and disobedience to, lawful summons or rules of
ment. (.Gram.) A word in which concurrent vow- court. —
Contumacious, -ma'shus, a. Exhibiting
els are contracted. —
Contrac'tion, n. Act of, or contumacy; contemning authority.
state of being, etc. (Mot/i.) Process of shortening Contumely, "kon'tu-me-lT, H. Kudi:ness compounded
any operation. Anything in a state of abbreviation. of hautjhtincss and contempt; reproach.— Contume'-
< Gram.) The shortening of a word, by uniting con- lious, -Il-us, a. Overbearingly contemptuous; inso-
current vowels or omitting a vowel or syllable. lent; reproachful. Contume'Iiously, adv. —
Centract'or, -er, ii. One who, etc.; esp. one who Contuse, kon-tuz', v. t. [-tused (-tuzd'), -tusing.]
contracts to perform work upon specified terms. To beat, pound, or bray together to bruise by beat- ;

Contradict, kon-trd-dikf, v. t. To assert the contrary ing.— Contu'^sion, -zhun, n. Act of, or state of being,
of, deny: to be contrary to, oppose. —
Contradict'*- etc.
er, n.— Contradie'tion, n. An assertion of the con- Conundrum, ko-nun'drum, n. sort of riddle in A
trary to what has been said; opposition or repug- which some odd resemblance between unlike things
nancy; incongruity; contrariety. Contradlc'tious,— is proposed for discovery a puzzling question, ;

-shus, a. Filled with contradictions: inclined to con- whose answer involves a pun.
tradict. — Contradicfive, -iv, a. Contradictory. Convalesce, kon-va-le&C, v. i. [-lesced (-lest'), -les-
Contradicfory, («. xVffirming the contrary; imply- CiNG.] To recover health and strength after sick-
ing denial; inconsistent; repugnant. (Lo/jic.) Op- ness. —
Convales'cence, -sens, -cency, n. Recovery,
posed in every possible respect. ??. — A
proposition etc.; state of a body renewing its vigor after sick-
which denies or opposes another in all its terms; ness. —
Convales'cent, n. Recovering, etc. n. One —
contrarietj'; inconsistency. —
Contradicforily, adv. recovering, etc. Convales'cently, cidv. —
Contradistinguish, kon-tra-dis-tin''gwish, v. t. [-tin- Convene, kon-ven', v. i. [-vened (-vend'), -vexing.]
GUisuED (-gwisht), -GUiSHiNG.] To distinguish by To come together, meet in the same place, assemble,
contrast. — Con'tradistinc'tion, n. unite. V. t. —
To cause to assemble, call together,
Contralto, kon-traKto, n. (Mus.) The part sung by convoke to summon judicially to meet or appear.
the highest male or lowest female voices alto or ; —
Conven'able, «.
;

Conven'er, w. —
Conven'ient, —
counter-tenor; the voice or singer performing tlois -yent, a. Adapted to an end; fit; becoming: afford-
part. — a. Pert, to, etc. ing convenience commodious. Conven'iently,
; —
Contrary, kon'tra-rT, a. Oppcsite; different; contra- adv. —
Conven'ience, -yens, -iency, n. State of be-
dictory; given to opposition; perverse; wayward. ing, or that which is, convenient an accommoda-
(Lofjic.) Opposed in quality only. —
n. A thing of tion. Con 'vent, 71. — community of recluses de- A
;

opposite qualities; a proposition contrary to another. voted to a religious life a body of monks or nuns; ;

Contrast, kon-trasf, r. t. To set in opposition, in a house occupied by such a community abbey

order to show superiority or give effect. v. i. —To monasterjs nunnery. Conven'tion, n. Act of com- —
; ;

stand in opposition; exhibit contrast. Con'trast, ??. — ing together; arbitrary custom; usage; an assembly
Opposition of things or qualities; comparison by of delegates for a delioerative purpose; an informal
contrariety of qualities. or preliminary compact, as between belligerents, etc.
Contratenor, kon'tra-ten-er, n. (Mus.) A middle part —
Conven'tional, ffl. Formed by agreement; stipu-
between tenor and treble; counter-tenor; contjalto. lated growing out of, or depending on, custom;
;

Contravene, kon-tra-ven', v. t. [-vexed (-vend'), sanctioned by usage.

-VEXING.] To meet in the way of opposition, come Converge, kon-verj', v. i. [-verged (-verjd'), -veh-
in conflict with, contradict, obstruct, oppose. Con- —
GiNG.J To tend to one point, incline and. approach
traven'tion, -ven^'shun, n. Act of, etc. nearer together.
Contretemps, kox-tr-to^', n. An unexpected acci- Converse, n. and a. See under Convert.
dent, creating confusion; mishap. Converse, kon-vers', v. i. [-versed (-versf), -vers-
Contribute, kon-trib''ut, v. t. To give to a common ing.] To keep company, or have familiarity; to
stock or for a common purpose. —
v.i. To give a commune to talk f amiliarl}^ chat. Con'versant,
; —
part, lend assistance. —
Contrib'utor, -ter, n. Con- —
a. Having customary intercourse; familiar by use
trib^utable, a. —
Contribu'tion, m. Act of, etc.; thing or study; versed; having concern or relation. Con- —
contributed. {3HI.) Imposition levied on a con- versa'tion, M. Familiar intercourse; close acquain-
quered people. (Law.) Payment, by several jointly tance informal talk discourse colloquy confer-
; : ; ;

liable, of their shares of a loss by one of the num- ence.— Conversa'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.; colloquial.
ber, or payment by him for all, with reference to Convert, kon-vert', v. t. To change from one form,
their common liability. substance, religion, party, use, etc., to another to
Contrite, kon'trit, a. Broken down with grief or pen- turn, transmute, appropriate. v.i. To be turned — ;

itence: repentant; humble; sorrowful.— Contri''tion, or changed; to undergo a change, be transmuted.

-trish''un, n. State of being contrite; deep sorrow Con'vert, n. One converted from one opinion or
for sin; compunction; self-reproach; remorse. practice to another esp. one who turns from sin to ;

Contrive, kon-trlv', v. t. [-TKivEoC-trivd''), -triving.] holiness; proselyte; neophyte; pervert.— Convert'-

To form by exercise of ingenuity, devise, invent, er, n. —
Con' verse, -vers, n. (.Logic.) A proposition
plan, plot. — r. i. To make devices, plan. Con- —
produced by interchanging the terms of another.
triv'er, >!.- Contriv'able, a.— Contrivance, n. Act (Math.) A
change in the form of a proposition, in-
of, etc.; thing contrived; an act of cunning; scheme; verting its order and making the conclusion the
invention; project; artifice; shift; premise. a. Turned about; reciprocal. Con'- —
Control, kon-tror, n. Orig., a register kept to check versely, adv. —
Conver'sion, n. Act of changing
another register that which serves to check, re-
; from one condition to another transmutation ;

strain, or hinder; power to check; restraining influ- change from one side, party, etc., to another. (Laiv.)
ence; direction; superintendence. v. t. [-trolled An appropriation of property. (Logic.) Act of inter-
<-trold'), -TROLLING.] To restrain, govern, over- changing the terms of a proposition. (Math.) A
power, counteract. Formerly written comptrol and change of the form of a proposition. (Mil.) A change
co)itroul.] — [

ContToVleT, n. One who, etc. Con- —

of front. (Theol.) A radical change of heart or moral
troller, Comptroller,' kon-troK'Jr, n. An officer ap- character.
pointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to Convex, kon'veks, a. Rising or swelling into a
control or verify the accounts of other officers. rounded form. n. convex body. See Lens. A
Controversy, kon'tro-ver-sT, n. Maintenance of opin- Convey, kon-va', v. t. [-veyed (-vad'), -veying.] To
ions discordant with those of others dispute; de- carry from one place to another to transfer to an-
bate; hostility. —Con'trovert, v. t. To make matter
;

other, make over; to communicate. Convey'able,

;

—
of controversy; to contest; to debate, deny. Con''- —
a. —
Convey'ance, n. Act of conveying; transmis-

siin, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tlien, boNboN, chair, get.
6
 CONVICT 82 CORD
elon; transference; instrument or means of convey- Coot, koot, n. A short-tailed water-fowl, frequenting
ing. {Law.) A
written instrument by which prop- lakes and still waters; a stupid fellow; simpleton.
erty or title is conveyed from one to another.— Con- Copal, ko'pal, n. A
resinous substance from 2 East
Vey'ancer, n. (Laiv.) One who draws up convey-
— India and S. Amer. trees —
used in manufacture of
ances of property. Convey'ancing, m. (.Law.) Act varnishes.
—
or practice of, etc. Convoy', v. t. [-voyed (-void'), Copartner, ko-part'ner, n. A joint partner; associate;
-TOYING.] To accompany lor protection.— Con' voy,
«. Act of, etc. ; a protecting force accompanying
partaker. —
Copart'nership, n. Joint interest or con-
cern; an unincorporated business association.
fillips or property; tJie ship or fleet protected; prop- Cope, kop, n. A
covering for the head; anything ex-
erty convoyed; a drag or brake upon wheels of a tended over the head, as the vault of tne sky; a
vehicle when going down hill. sacerdotal cloak. (.Founding.) The top part of a
Convict, kon-vikf, v. t. To prove guilty of an of- flask.
fense charged to pronounce guilty, as by legal
; Cope, kop, V. i. [coped' (kopt), coping.] To strive,
decision; to show by proof; to confute, confound. contend, esp. on equal terms or with success; to
— Con'vict, n. One proved guilty of crime male- match, equal. v. i. —
To match one's self against.
factor felon criminal.
; Convic'tion, n. Act of
;
— ;

Copernican, ko-per'nT[-kan, a. Pert, to Copernicus,

proving, finding, or adjudging guilty act of con- ; a Prussian astronomer who taught the solar system,
vincing of error confutation state of being con-
; ; now received.
vinced, esp. of being convicted of sin, or by one's Copier. See under Copy.
conscience, —
Convict'ive, -iv, a. Fitted to, etc. Copious, ko'pT-us, a. Large in quantity or amount;
Convince', r. t. [-vinceu (-vinsf), -vincing.] To abundant; rich; full; exuberant.
overcome by argument, satisfy by proof, persuade, Copper, kop'per, n. A
metal of reddish color, ductile,
convict. malleable, and tenacious; a coin, also a vessel, esp.
Convivial, kon-viv'T-al, a. Relating to an entertain- a boiler, made of copper. —
v. t. [coppered (-perd),
ment; festal; jovial; social; gaj'. Conviv'ial'ity, «. — -PEKING.] To cover or sheathe with copper. Cop'- —
Good humor attending festive occasions. peras, n. Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol; a green
Convoke, kon-vok', v. t. [-voked (-vokt'p, -vokixg.] salt, of a styptic, astringent taste.
— Convoca'tion,
—A
To call together, convene. n. Act Coppice, kop' pis. Copse, kops, n. wood of small
of, etc. assembly or meeting.
; growth; underwood; brushwood. Copse, -^ To 2-'.

Convolve, kon-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -VOLV- trim or cut, as brushwood.

IXG.] To roll together, twist. Con'volnte, -Itit, a. — Copt, kopt, n. A descendant of the ancient Egyptians;
(Bot.) Rolled together, or one part on another. — an Egyptian Christian, esp. of the ancient Mono-
Convolu'tion, Ji. Act of rolling or winding together, physite church. —
Cop'tic, a. Pert, to, etc. «.-The —
or one thing on another; state of being, etc. language of, etc.
Convoy. See under Coxvey. Copula, kop'u-la, n. {Logic.) The word uniting the
ConvTilae, kon-vuls', r.?. [-vuLSED(-vulst'),-vuLSixG.] subject and predicate of a proposition. Cop'ulate, —
To draw or contract violently and irregularlv, as the -lat,i'. t. To unite in sexual embrace. Copula'- —
muscular parts of the body;'to agitate, rend'. Con- — tion, n. Act of coupling; coition.— Cop'ulative, -tiv,
VUl'sion, -shun, n. (Med.') Unnatural contraction a. Serving to couple. (Gram.) Uniting the sense as
of the muscular parts. Any violent and irregular well as the words. n. —
(^Grarn.) copulative con- A
motion commotion disturbance spasm.
; Gon-
; ; — junction. — Cop'ulatory, -to-rt, a. Pert to, etc.;
vul'sive, -siv, a. Producing, or attended with, etc. copulative.
Cony, ko'nl or kun'I, n. A rabbit. Copy, kop'T, n. A
writing like another writing; trans-
Coo, koo, V. i. [cooed (kood), cooing.] To make a script; book printed according to the original; one
low sound, as pigeons. of a series of repetitions of an original work. {Print.)
Cook, kd6k, v. t. [cooked (k(5&kt), cooking.] To jNIanuscript, etc., for the compositor. Anything to
prepare, as food for the table, by boiling, roasting,
baking, broiling, etc.; to concoct," tamper with, alter.
be imitated ; a model pattern. r. t.
;
"
—
[copied
(kop'id), COPYING.] To write, print, engrave, etc.,
— V. I. To prepare food for the table. n. One — after an original: to imitate, transcribe, model after.
who, etc.— Cook'ery, -er-T, n. Art or practice of, etc. —r. i. To do a thing in imitation of something else.
Cooky, kd&k'l, n. A small, thin, sweet cake.
Cool, kool, a. Moderately cold producing coolness
—Cop'3rright. -rit, "»i. An author's exclusive right
; to print, publish, and vend his own works, for Ms
calm, or free from excitement by passion dispas- ;
;

own benefit, during a certain time. v. t. To secure —

sionate; self-possessed; manifesting coldness or dis- by copj'right, as a book.
like; chilling negligent of propriety in minor mat- Coquette, ko-ket', n. A
vain, trifling woman, who en-
impudent, — n. A moderate state of cold. —
;

ters ; deavors to attract admiration, and gain matrimonial

V. [COOLED (koold), COOLING.] To make cool or
t.
cold to moderate the excitement of to allay, as
offers, intending to reject her suitor. Coquet', v. —
; To attempt to attract notice, admiration, or
passion to calm, moderate. — v. i. To become less
; t.
; love, with a view to disanpoint. —v. i. To trifle in
not; lose heat; to become more moderate. — Cool'- love. — Coquet'ry, -rt, n. Affectation of amorous
er, n. That which cools or abates heat or excite-
ment; a vessel in which liquors, etc., are cooled.
ad^'ances; trifling in love. —
Coquet 'tish, a. Prac-
ticing coquetry befitting a coquette.
;

Cool'ish, a. Somewhat cool. — Cool'ly, adv. In a Coral, kor'al, n. The solid secretion of zoophytes,
cool manner. — Cool'ness, ?(. produced within the tissues of the polyps, consist-
Cooly, -lie, kob'lt, n. An East Indian porter; a la- ing abnost purefy of carbonate of lime; a piece of
borer transported from the East, for service else- coral; spawn of the lobster, which has the color of
where. coral.
Coop, koop, n. A barrel or cask; a grated T)ox orin- Corban, kor'ban, n. An alms-basket. (Jewish Antiq.)
closure for_small animals, esp. poultrv. i'. t. — An offering or sacrifice devoted to God; vow by
[COOPED (koopt), COOPING.] To confine in a coop, which one bound himself not to give to, or receive
orin a narrow compass; to crowd, confine, imprison. from another, some particular object.
— Cooper, k(3t)p- or koop'er, n. One wlio makes bar- Corbeil, Corbel, korljel, n. {Arch.) bracket of stone,A
rels, tubs, etc. !•. ^ —
To do cooper's work upon. wood, or iron, often carved in
Cooperate, ko-op'er-at, w i. To act or operate jointly the form of a basket, head, etc.,
with another. —
Cobp'era'tion. n. Act of, etc. con- projecting from a wall to support
current effort or labor. Coip'erative, -tiv, a. Op- — ;

a cornice, parapet, end of an

erating jointly. —
Coop'erator, -ter, n. arch, or other structure or mass;
Coordinate, ko-6r'dt-nat, a. Equal in rank or order the vase or tambor of the Corin-
not subordinate. —r. t. To make coordinate, or thian column. —
Cor'bel, v. t.
equal in rank, to harmonize. n. A person or thing — To furnish with corbels.
i-i k i
Corbel.
of the same rank with another, pi. (Math.) Lines, Cord, k6rd, n. A string, or small rope; a solid meas-
or other elements of reference, by which the posi- ure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile 8 ft. long, 4
tion of a point is defined with respect to fixed lines, ft. high, and 4 ft. broad, —
orig. measured with a
or planes, called coordinate axes and coordinate cord. — r. t. To bind with a cord; to pile up, as
— Cordelidre^
planes. wood, for sale by the cord. -lyar', n.

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term j In, Ice j Sdd, tone, 6r i
 CORDATE 83 CORRESPOND

I A black, knotted
kSr'doN or kSr'don,
of honor. {Arch.)
silk handkerchief. [F.]
n.
The edge of a stone on
Cordon,
A ribbon borne as a badge
the
side of a building. (.Fort.) The projecting coping
out-
— part of a flower, surrounding the organs of
fructification
called petals.
and
composed of leaves,
—
Cor'ollary, -la-rt, n. That (
which follows over and above a proposi-?
of the scarp-wall. {Mil.) series of militarj' posts. A tion demonstrated; an inference; deduc-
[F.J —
Corduroy, kSr'du-roi, n. A thick cotton stuff, tion; consequence.
corded or ribbed on the surface. Corona, ko-ro'na, u. ; iil. -N.i;, -ne. (Arch.)
Cordate, kSr-'dat, -dated, «. {Bot.) Having the form A large, flat member of a cornice. (Anat.)
of a heart. —
Cordial, kSr'dl-al or kor'jal, a. Pro- The upper surface, as of a tooth. (Astron.)
ceeding from the heart; hearty; sincere; affection- A luminous appearance surrounding the
ate ; tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate. n. — moon during a total eclipse of the sun. ,, ^
Anything that comforts and exliilarates. (Med.) (Bot.) A crown-like margin of the top of p ,, ,

an appendage at the top of '-^o™''''-

That which invigorates, esp. medicine which does a flower ;

so. {Com.) Aromatized spirit, employed as a bever- some petals or seeds. (Meteorol.) A circle,
age. —
Cordial'ity, h. Sincere attcctlon and kind- around a luminous body. — Corona'tion, '^^ Y^]^}a'
ness; warmth of regard; heartiness. 71.Act or solemnity of crowning a sov- P^ ^. •

Cordovan, kor'do-van, n. Spanish leather, or goat- ereign. —Cor ''oner, a. An

officer of the "' i.^\"^
skin tanned and dressed; cordwain. Cordwainer, — law appointed to inquire into a violent P^i^^^'i'
kSrd'wan-er, n. A worker iu cordovan leather; death. — Cor'onet, «. An
inierior crown worn by
shoemaker. noblemen; an ornamental headdress.
Core, kor, 7i. The heart or inner part of a thing, esp. (Far.) Tlie upper part of a horse's
of fruit. {Founding.) The internal mold which hoof. —
CorCnis, n^(Gr. Gram.) A
forms a hollow in casting. r. t. [coked (kord), — sign of contraction ['j placed over a
COKING.] To take out the core or inward parts of. word.
Coriander, ko-rt-an'der, n. plant whose seeds are A Corporal, kSr'po-ral, «. (Mil.) The low-
considered in medicine as stomachic and carmina- est officer of an infantry company.
tive. (iVuut.) An officer under the master Coronet.
Corinthian, ko-rin'tht-an, a. Pert, to Corinth. (Arch.) at arms.
Pert, to the Corinthian order of architecture, pro- Corporal, kOr^po-ral, a. Pert, to the body having a ;

fusely ornamented. See Capital. body or substance; not spiritual; material; bodilv.
Cork, kork, n. The outer bark of the cork tree, of — 11. (Feci.) A linen cloth, to cover the elemen"^ts
which stoppers are made a stopper for a bottle, jug, ; in the eucharist. Cor'porally, adv. —
Cor'porate, —
etc. — V. t. [CORKED (kSrkt), cokking.] To stop or a. United in an association, and endowed Dv law
furnish with cork. with rights and liabihties of an individual"; in-
Cormorant, kor'mo-rant, corporated pert, to a corporation.
; Cor^porately, —
n. A voracious web- adv. In a corporate capacity. Corpora'tion, n. —
footed sea-bird, of the A body politic or corporate, authorized to act as a
pelican family a glut- ; single person, and with the capacity of a perpetual
ton, or gluttonous ser- succession. —
Cor'porator, n. A member of a cor-
vant. poration. —
Corpo'real, a. Having a body; consist-
Com, k6rn, n. A single ing of a material body; material. — Corps, kor, pi.
seed of certain plants, _ korz, n. sing. & esp. of troops
pi. A body of men, ;

as wheat, rye, barlej', g an organized division of an army. — Corps-d'arm^e,

~"
and maize a grain the; ; korMar^ma', 7i. A portion of a grand army possessed
various cereal or fari- of all constituents of an independent army. [F.,
naceous grains growing body of the army.] Corpse, kSrps, Corse, k6rs, — 71.

in ears, and used for The dead body of a human being. — Corse'let, n. A
food in Scot., oats; in
; Cormorant, light breastplate. (Entom.) The part of a win^d
the U. S., maize, or In- insect answering to the breast of other animals. fF.]
dian corn plants which produce corn a small, — Cor'set, 77. An
article of women's dress, inclos-
;

hard particle; a grain. v. t. [cokxed (k6rnd), — ;

ing the waist stays. v. t. To inclose in, etc.

;
— —
COKNING.J To preserve with salt in grains, cure by Cor'^pulent, a. Having an excessive quantity of
salting to form into small grains, granulate
; to ; flesh; fat; pursy; obese. Corpuscle, kdr^pus-l, 71. —
feed with grain to render intoxicated.
; A minute particle, or physical atom. (Anat.) An
Corn, korn, n. A hard, horn-like induration of the animal cell.
skin, esp. on thetoes. Corral, kor''ral, n. A
yard or inclosure, esp. for cat-
Cornea, kSr'ne-a, n. (Anat.) The strong, horny, tle, etc. —
Corral', v. t. To surround and inclose ;
transparent membrane forming the front part of to pen, as cattle.
the eye ball. See Eye. Correct, kor-rekt'', a. Conformable to truth, recti-
Cornelian, kSr-nefyan, 71. kind of chalcedony. A tude, propriety, etc.; free from error accurate ; ex- ;

[Often spelled carnelian.] act ; regular. %>. t. —

To make or set right ; to bring
Corner, k6r''ner, n. The point where converging lines to the standard of truth, justice, etc. to reprove or ;

meet angle space between converging lines or

; ; punish for faults; to obviate or remove, counteract
walls which meet; an inclosed or retirea place a ; or change, rectify, punish, chasten. Correci'ness, —
part an embarrassed position. (Stock Exchange.)
; n. —
Correc'tion, 71. Act of correcting ; emenda-
The condition of a stock or commodity when a tion of errors; cliange for the better; amendment;
future delivery, in excess of the amount in the punishment; discipline; what is substituted in the
market, has been undertaken by parties who are place of MHiat is wrong; counteraction of what is in-
therefore compelled to settle with the buyers at ficti- convenient. — Corrigendum, -rt-jen'dum, n. ; pi.
tious rates; a scarcity of a commodity, created for the -GENDA, -da. A word
or thing to be corrected.
purpose of increasing profits. v. t. [cornered — Cor^rigible, -rY-jT-bl, a. Capnble of being, etc.; de-
(-nerd), -nering.] To drive into a corner, or into a serving chastiseiiient. Cor'rigibleness, n. —
position of difficulty or necessary surrender ; to Correlate, kor-re-lat', v. i. To have reciprocal or mu-
get control of, —
saici of stocks. tual relations; to be mutually related.'— y. t. To
Comet, kQr'net, n. (Mus.) wind instrument blown A bring into mutual relation ; to make, or regard as,
with the mouth a species of trumpet a certain
; ; coincident. —
CorreKative, -tiv, a. Having or in-
organ stop or register. A
cap of twisted paper, used dicating, etc.; reciprocal. —,M. One who, or that
by grocers. (Mil.) The standard-bearer in a cavalry which, stands in a reciprocal relation to some other.
troop. ( Gram.) The antecedent of a pronoun.
Cornice, kfir'nis, n. (Arch.) molded projection A Correspond, kor-re-spond', v. i. To be adapted, be
finishing the part to which it is affixed. congruous to have intercourse or communication,
;

Cornucopia, kor-nu-ko'pT-a, n. ; ]jI. -pi.v.. -pT-e. The esp. by letters to agree, fit, write. Correspond'-
; —
horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and flowers, ent, «. Having correspondence suitable con-
— an emolem of abundance. formable. 7i. —
One who corresponds one with,
; ;

—
;

Gorol, kor'ol, Corolla, ko-roKla, »?. (Bot.) The inner whom intercourse is carried on by letters. Corre*
etln, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, ttien. boNboN, ohair, get.
 CORRIDOR 84 COUNT
Bpond'ently, -ingly, adv. In a corresponding- man- Costive, kos'tiv, a. Retaining fecal matter in the bow-
ner; suitable. —
Correspond'ence, -ency, n. >Iutual els; constipated.
adaptation of one thing to another congruity lit- ; ; Costume, kos-tum' or kos'tum, »?. An established
ness ;friendly intercourse esp. by letters letters ; ; manner or style, esp. of dress; adaptation of acces-
between correlspi indents. sories, as in a picture, poem, etc., to the circum-
Corridor, A passage-way to
kur'rl-dor, n. (ArcJi.) stances described.
apartments independent of each other. Cot, kot. Cote, kot, 11. A
small house; cottage; hut;
Corrigendum, Corrigible, etc. See under Correct. also, a shed or inclosure for beasts; a cover for a
Corroborate, kor-rob'o-rat, v. t. To make more cer-
—
sore finger, —
Cot, Cott, kot, n. sleeping place of A
tain, confirm. Corrob'ora''tion, n. Act of, or state small size; a little bed; cradle; folding bedstead.
of being, etc. conrirmation. Corrob'orative, -tiv, — — Coftage, -tej, n. A
small dwelling cot; hut.
—
; ,•

a. Corroborating confirmatory. ; n. corrobo- A Cot'tager, Cot^ter, n. One who lives in a cottage.

rant. — Corrob'' oratory, -to-rT, a. Corroborative. Co-tangent. See under Co-sec.\nt.
Corrode, kor-rod', v. t. To eat away or consume by de- Cotemporaneous, etc. See Contemporaxeous.
grees; to canker, gnaw, rust, wear awaj^. Corro''- — Coterie, ko-te-re'', ?i. A
set of persons who meet famil-
sive, -siv, a. Eating away having the power of ; iarly a club.
;

gradually wearing, consuming, or impairing acri- Cotillon, Cotillion, ko-tiKyun, n. dance of 8 per- A
monious fretting or vexing.
; n. That which, etc. — ;

sons; quadrille; tune regulating the dance.

Corrugate, kor''rob-gat, v. t. To form or shape into Cotton, koftn, n. The fibrous down enveloping the
wrinkles orfolds. a. —
Shaped into wrinkles; fur- seeds of the cotton-plant: thread or cloth made of
rowed contracted.
;
—
Corruga'tion, n. A contrac- cotton. — a. Made of, etc. — v. i To rise with a
tion into wrinkles. —
Cor'rugant, a. Able to, etc. regular nap. Coiton flannel. twilled cotton fab- A
Corrupt, kor-rupt', v. t. To change from soundness ric, with a long plush nap Canton flannel. ; Got- —
to putrescence; to putrefy; to change from good to ton-'y, -T, a. Downj^ soft, like cotton contain-
—
; ;

bad, vitiate, debase, entice, bribe. v. i. To be- ing, or like, cotton; cheap looking. Cot'ton-gin, —
come putrid or tainted, rot; to become vitiated, lose -jin, n. A machine to separate the seeds from cot-
purity. a.— Changed, etc.; spoiled; tainted; de- ton. plant, «. A plant of several
praved perverted. —
Corrupfible. a. Capable of species, growing in warm climates, and
bein^, etc.
;

n. —
That which may decay and perish; bearing the cotton of commerce. —
the human body. — -seed, n. The seed of, etc., — j-ielding.;
Corrupt'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n.
Susceptibility of corruption. Corrupfibly, adv.
Corrup''tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; prod-
— — oil and oil-cake.
use of cotton factories.
—
waste, n. The ref-
wood, 7i.
uct of corruption; putrid matter; putrescence; de- iBot.) An American tree of the pop-
filement; contamination. {Law.) Taint or impurity
of blood, by which one is disabled from inheriting
lar kind.
state.
—
wool, n. Cotton in its raw

or transmitting any estate. Cotyledon, kot-T-lCdon, n. (Bot.) A

Corse, Corselet, etc. See under Corporal. seed-lobe of a plant, which involves
Corsair, kSr'sar, n. A
pirate; piratical vessel. and nourishes the embryo plant, and pAi„„ r,i„T,f
t..otton-plant.
Cortege, kSr'tazh'', n. A
train of attendants. then perishes.
Corundum, ko-run'dum, ?i. {Min.) The earth alumina, Couch, kowch, V t [couched (kowcht), couchixg.]
as found in a crystalline state. To lajf down or deposit; to compose to rest; to put
Coruscate, kor''us-kat or ko-rus'kat, v. i. To throw in language, phrase, state. —
v.i. To lie down, as
off vivid flashes of light; to glitter, gleam, sparkle. on a bed, repose; to lie down for concealment, hide;
Corvet, kSr'vet, Corvette, kor-vet'', n. (IVowf.) sloop A to bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.
of war, ranking below a frigate, and carrj'ing not — n. A place for rest or sleep; a layer of barley pre-
more than 20 guns. pared for malting. (Painting, Gilding, etc.) pre- A
Corsrpheus, kor'T-fe''us, n. The chief or leader of a liminary layer, as of color, size, etc.
Greek dramatic chorus; any chief or leader. Cougar, k'oo''gar,n. (ZoUl.) A species of panther found
Co-secant, ko-se''kant, n. ( Geom.) in southern N. Amer. the puma or S. Amer. lion.
;

The secant of the complement Cough, kawf, n. A violent effort of the lungs to throw
of an arc or angle. In the fig- off irritating matter. v- *• —
[coughed (kawft),
ure, AD is the secant of the coughing.] To expel air from the throat or lungs
—
arc CE, and the co-secant of with force or noise. v. t. To expel from the lungs
the complement of that arc, or by a cough, eject by a cough, expectorate.
BE. — Co'sine, -sin, n. The Could, k6&d, imj:). of can. See Can.
sine of the complement of an Coulter. Same as Colter.
arc or angle. In the figure, BF Co-secant, Co-tan- Council, kown'sil, n. An assembly for consultation
is the sine of the arc CF, and gent. or advice; congress; diet; convention; convocation.
the co-sine of EF, the comple- ^ Coim''cil-man, n.; pi. -men. member of a coun- A
—
—
ment of that arc. Co-tan''gent, n. The tangent of cil, esp. of the common council of a city. Coun'-
the complement of an arc or angle. In the figure, cilor, -er, n. A
member of a council.
CD is the tangent of the arc CE, Counsel, kown'sel, n. Mutual advisement, instruc-
and the co-tangent of EB, the tion, or interchange of opinions; exercise of delib-
complement of tnat arc. erate judgment; result of consultation; deliberate
Cosmetic, koz-mefik, -ical, a. Im- purpose; one who gives advice, esp. in legal matters;
proving beauty, esp. of the com- QOllectively, the legal advocates united in the man- ,

plexion. —
Cosmefic, n. An ex- —
agement of a case. v. t. [counseled (-sold), -sel-
—
ternal application, to improve the ^o-sine. ING.] To advise, admonish, or instruct. Coun'-
complexion. selor, -er, n. One who, etc.; an adviser; one who is
Cosmos, koz'mos, n. The universe; the system of law, consulted and gives advice on questions of law; a
harmony, and truth combined within "the universe. barrister. —
Coun'^selorship, n.
— Cosmopol'itan, -mop'^oUte, -lit, n. One who has Count, kownt, v. t. To number, enumerate, reckon,
no fixed residence, but home in every place; a
is at compute; to consider as belonging to one, esteem,
citizen of the world; one who regards the interests ascribe. w. — I. To number or be counted; hence,
of mankind rather than of his own class or coun- to swell thenumber, add strength or influence; to
try; a liberal. depend, (Laio.) To plead orallj-. — n. Act of
rely.
Cost, kost, n. Amount paid for anything; charge; ex- numbering,' or amount ascertained by numbering;
pense; whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., reckoning. (Law.) A statement of a plaintiff's case
is requisite to secure benefit; loss of any kind; det- in court. (Crim. Laio.) One of several charges in
riment; suffering, pi. (Laio.) Expenses in litiga- ah indictment. —
Counter, kown'ter, n. One who
tion. — v.t. [COST, COSTING.] To require to be given, couixts, or kee¥)s an account that which indicates a
;

expended, or laid out for to require to be borne, ; number a piece of coin-shaped metal, wood, etc.,
;

cause to be suffered. —
Cosfly, -IT, a. Of great cost; used in reckoning a table ;
on which money is
expensive sumptuous. — Cost''liness, Ji. counted, and goods laid for examination by pur-
;

Costal, kos''tal,«. Pert, to the side of the body or ribs. chasers. —

Count'er-jump'er, n. A salesman in a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Qdd, tone, 5r
 COUNT 85 COURT
shop. — —
Counf able, a. Count'less, a. Innumer- revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a
able. —
Count'ing-house, -room. 71. Place for keep- former state of things.
ing accounts, etc., and transacting business. Countersign, kown'tgr-sin, v. t. To sign in addition
Count, kownt, «. A
nobleman In Europe, equal in and o|)pusite to the signature of a principal, to at- —
rank to an English earl. Count'ess, »(. The con- test the authenticity of a writing. n. The sijrna- —
sort of an earl or count. —
Coun'ty, -tl, >i. Orig. an ture of a secretary, etc., to attest authenticity. (Mil.)
earldom: a territorial division of a state, for purposes A private signal or phrase, which must be given to
of administration, justice, etc. a shire. ; pass a sentry. —
Coun'ter-sig'nal, n. correspond- A
Countenance, kown'te-nans, «. Appearance or ex- ing signal.
pression of the face; aspect; mien; the face; fea- Countersink, kown'ter-sink, v. t. To form, as a de-
tures encouraging aspect
; favor aid. ; v. t. ; — pression, to receive the head of a screw or bolt be-
r-XAXCED (-nanst), --VAXCIXG.] To encourage by a low the surface; to cause to sink, as a screw or bolt,
favoring aspect to sanction, approve, support.
; even with or below the surface. n. A depression
Counter. See under Cou.nt, v. t. for receiving the head of a screw; a tool for forming
Counter, kown'ter, a. Contrary; opposite. adr. — such depression.
Contrary; in opposition; in an" opposite direction. Countervail, kown-tSr-vSK, v. t. [-vailed (-vald'),
[This word is prefixed to many otliers, chiefly verbs -VAILING.] To act against with equal force, power,
and nouns, expressing opposition.'] n. (yuut.) An — or effect; to balance, compensate. Coun'tervail, —
arched space in the stern of a vessel. (Mus.) Coun- n. Equal weight, strength, or value; compensation;
ter-tenor. {Far.) That part of a horse between the requital.
shoulders and under the neck. The back-leather or Countervallation. kown'ter-val-la''shun, n. (Fort.) A
heel part of a boot heel stiffening of a shoe.
; chain of redoubts around a fortress, to prevent sor-
Counteract, kown-ter-akf, v. t. To act in opposition ties by the garrison; construction of such works.
to, hinder, defeat, frustrate.— Counterac'tion, n. Countess. See under CbuxT, n.
Action in opposition; resistance. Counteractive, Counting-house, Countless, etc. See under Count, v. t.
-iv, a. Tending to, etc. Country, kun'trT, v. A region; region of one's birth,
Cotinterbalance, kown-ter-baKans, v. t. [-balaxced residence, or citizenship rural regions, as opp. to
;

(-anst),-AXCIXG.] To oppose with an equal weight, town; inhabitants of a region. (Lmv.) jury, as A
act against with equal power or effect, countervail. representing the citizens of a country; one's con-
— n. Equal opposing weight: equivalent. stituents, or the public. —
a. Pert, to the territory
Counter-brace, kown'ter-bras, n. (N'aut.) The brace away from a city; rural; rustic; destitute of refine-
of the foretopsail on the leeward side of a vessel. ; —
ment rude. Coun^'trifled, -trT-f id, a. Having the
Counter-extension, kown'ter-ex-ten'shun, n. (Snrg.) appearance and manners of, etc. uncouth. ;

Fixation of the upper portion of a limb while ex- County. _See under Couxt, ?i.
tension is practiced on the lower portion, as in cases Coupe, koo-pa', n. A compartment in a French dili-
of fracture or luxation. gence, or in a railroad carriage a four-wheeled ;

Counterfeit, kown'ter-fit, v. t. To put on a sem- close carriage for two persons.

blance of, esp. for a bad purpose; to imitate without Couple, kup'i, n. Two things of the same kind con-
right, and to deceive or defraud; to forge. v. i. — nected or taken together; a betrothe-l or married
—
To dissemble, feign. a. Having resemblance to; pair; brace. —?;.?. [coupled (kup''ld), couplixg.J
fabricated to defraud by passing tl\e false copy for To link or connect together, join; to unite as male
genuine; false, spurious, hypocritical. n. "That — —
and female, marr3'. r. i. To come together as
which, etc.; a likeness; counterpart; one who per- male and female, form a sexual union, embrace. —
sonates another ; an impostor cheat. Coup'ler, n. —
Coup'let, n. Two lines of verse that
—
;

Counter-indication, kown''ter-in'dl-ka'shun,w. {Med.) rhyme with each other. Coup'ling, n. Act of

Any symptom which forbids the use of a particular bringing or coming together connection sexual ; ;

remedy in disease. union. '

(BInch.) That which couples one thing
Counter-irritate, kown'ter-ir'^ri-tat, v. t. (,Med.') To with another, as a hook, chain, etc.
produce counter-irritation in. Coun'ter-ir'ritant, — Coupon, kob'^pon or -pox, n. ( Com.) An interest cer-
n. That which, etc. —
Cotin'ter-irrita''tion, ;;. Ir- i tificate attached to a transferable bond, to be cut
ritation excited in one part of the body to relieve ir- off for payment when interest is due.
ritation in another part. Courage, kiir-'ej, n. The quality enabling one to en-
Counter-jumper. See under Count, v. t. counter danger without fear bravery daring
; ;

Countermand, kown-ter-mand'', v. t. To revoke, as a resolution. —

Coura'^geous, -a'jus, a. Possessing, or
;

former command. —
Coua'termand, n. Revocation characterized by, etc.; bold; hardy; enterprising.
of a former command. Coura'geously, adv.
Counter-mark, kown'ter-mark, ??. An additional mark Courant.Tcoo-riint'', -ran''to, n. A
piece of music in
on goods, to afford security or proof. (Far.) An triple time a lively dance a newspaper.
; ; Cou'- —
artificialcavity made in the teeth of horses when rier, -rT-er, n. A messenger sent in haste, usually
the crown is worn smooth, to disguise their age. — on public business an express an attendant on
; ;

Countermark'', v. t. To apply, etc. travelers, who makes arrangements for them on

Counter-mine, kown'ter-min, n. (Mil.) gallery A the wa3^ [F.] —
Course, kors, n. Act of moving
underground, from which to destroy the mines of from one point to another; path traversed; motion
the enemy; means of counteraction. Counter- — considered with reference to its direction; line of
mine', V. t. (3Iil.) To oppose by a counter-mine. progress ;progress from point to point without
To frustrate by secret and opposing measures. —v. change of direction; also, one of a succession of
i. To make a counter-mine or counter-plot. motions in different directions con.sidered as one
Counterpane, kown''ter-pan, -point, n. A coverlet for act; orderly progress; methodical action: conduct;
a bed. behavior; a succession of practices connectedly fol-
Counterpart, kown'ter-part, n. A part corresponding lowed: part of a meal served atone time. (Arch.)
to another part; copj'; duplicate;. a thing that may A continued level range of brick or stones through-
be applied to another so as to fit perfectly, as a seal out the face of a building. ]^l. The menstrual flux.
to its impression: hence a person or thing having (Nant.) The principal sails of a ship. See Sails.
qualities lacking in another; an opposite. (Jfus!) — V. I. [coursed (korst), COURSING.] To run, hunt,
The part arranged in connection with another. or chase after, pursue; to run through or over; to
Counterpoint, kown-'ter-point, n. A cover for a bed. cause to run. —
v. i. To run, as if in a race or in
[See CouxTERPAXE.] — (^Mus.) The art of composing hunting. — Cours''er, n. One who, etc.; esp. a swift
music in parts, the setting of a harmony of one or horse. _
more parts to a melody. Court, kort, n. An inclosed space; yard or area; resi-
Counterpoise, kown-ter-poiz', v. t. To act against with dence of a sovereign, nobleman, etc.; palace; per-
equal weight, counterbalance. Coun'terpoise, n. — sons composing the retinue of a sovereign, etc.; as-
A weight sufficient to balance another; equal power sembling of the retinue of a sovereign; attention to
acting in opposition; relation of two such forces; one in power; conduct designed to gain favor; po-
equilibrium; equiponderance. liteness; civility. (Laiv.) A
legal tribunal, includ-
CoOHter-revolution, kown'ter-rev-o-lu'shun, n. A ing judges, jury, lawj'ers, sheriffs, etc.; the judge in

sfin, cube, full ; moon, fO&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 COUSIN 86 CRAKE
a case, as disting. fr. the counsel. The session of a timorous; pusillanimous; mean; base. adv. In —
judicial assembly; any jurisdiction, civil, military, the manner of, etc. —
Cow''ardlineBS, n.
or ecclesiastical. —
v. t. To seek the favor of, strive Cower, kow'er. v. L [-ered (-erd), -bring.] To sink
to please, pay court to: to seek in marriage, woo; to by bending the knees; to crouch, esp. through fear.
solicit. —
Courteous, kgrfyus, a. Of court-like or Cowl, kowl, n. A
monk's hood or habit; a cap for
elegant manners; pert, to, or expressive of, courtesy; chimney-tops. A vessel for water, carried on a pole,
well-bred; polite; complaisant. Court'eously, adv. — or cowl-staff, between two persons.
— Court'eousness, n. —
Courtesy, kerfe-sT, w. Ele- Cowry, koWrT, n. A
small shell, used for money in
gance of manners; act of civility or respect; urban- Africa and the East Indies.
ity; affability; good-breeding; favor or indulgence, Coxcomb, koks-'kom, n. A
strip of red cloth notched
as disting. f r. right. —
Courtesy, kert''sT, n. ges- A like the comb of a cock, on the cap of a licensed
ture of respect or civility by women. v. i. [couete- — fool; the cap itself: a vain superficial pretender to
SiED (-sid), -SYING.] To bow the body slightly, with accomplishments; a fop. (Bot.) plant producing A
bending of the knees, as an expression of civility or red flowers like a cock's comb.— Cox'combry, -kom-
respect. —Coxirtier, korfyer, n. One who frequents rl, n. The manners of, etc.
courts one wlio courts favor.
; Court'ly, a. Pert, — Coxswain. See Cockswain, under Cockboat.
to a court; court-like; high-bred; dignified and ele- Coy, koi, a. Shrinking from approach or familiarity;
gant; disposed to favor the great; fawning; obsequi- shy; modest; bashful.
ous; sycophantic. —
Courfliness, n. High-breeding; Coyote, koi-ot', n. The prairie wolf.
elegance of manners.— Court'ship, n. Act of solic- Coz, kuz, n. A contr. of cousin.
iting favor by complaisance or flattery; act of woo- Cozen, kuz'n, v. t. [cozened Ckuz''nd), -ening.] To
ing m love. —
Courtesan, kerfe-zan, n. Orig. a fol- cheat, beguile, deceive.
lower of the court a prostitute harlot strumpet.
; ; ; Cozy, Cosey, ko'zY, a. [cozier, coziest.] Snug; com-
Cousin, kuz'^n, n. One collaterally related more re- fortable; easy. n. A
woolen covering to retain
motely than brother or sister; a title given by a king heat in a tea-pot. —
Co'zily, adv.
to a nobleman, esp. to on^ of the council. Cous'in- — Crab, krab, n. (Zool.) A
crustaceous animal, having
ger'man, -jer'man, n. ;%>l. Cousins-german. first A the body covered by a crust- -
cousin; cousin in the first generation. Cous'inly, — like shell orcarapax; it has
a. Like or becoming a cousin. ten legs, the front pair of
Cove, kov, n. A
small inlet, creek, or bay; recess in which terminate in claws.
the sea-shore; a strip of prairie extending into wood- (Bot.) Awild apple the tree
land; recess in a mountain side a boy or man. v. ; — producing'it, named from— ;

t. {Arch.) To arch over. its astringent taste. (Mech.)

Covenant, kuv'e-nant, n. mutual agreement in A A crane for moving heavy-
writing and under seal contract; stipulation; a
;
weights, esp. ships. Crab''- — Crab.
writing containing terms of agreement. (TheoL) apple, n. A small, sour kind of apple. ^tree, n.
The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures, The tree bearing, etc. —-louse, n. kind of louse A
conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as infesting the human body. Crab^bed, «. Harsh; —
obedience, repentance, faith, etc. (Laiv.) form A rough ;peevish morose difficult perplexing ;
—
;

of action for violation of a contract. v. i. To enter — cramped or scrawled, said of handwriting.

; ;

into a formal agreement, bind one's self by con- Crack, krak, v. t. [cracked (krakt), cracking.] To
tract, agree, bargain, stipulate. v. t. To grant or break without entire separation of the parts; to fis-
promise bv covenant. sure to rend with grief or pain, distress, disorder,
;

Cover, kuv^er, v. t. [covered (-erd), -ering.] To derange; to cause to sound abruptly and sharply; to
overspread or envelop; to brood or sit on; to hide snap; to utter smartlj^ and sententiously; to cry up,
from sight, conceal; to place under shelter, protect, extol. —
V. i. To be fractured without quite sepa-
defend; to extend over, be sufficient for, compre- rating; to go to pieces, be ruined or impaired; to
hend or include, account for or solve, counterbal- utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. n. partial — A
ance; to copulate with, —
said of the male; to keep separation of parts, etc.; a chink; crevice; a sound
under aim, or aim at point-blank. ?i. Anj'thing — as of anything suddenly rent; craziness of intellect.
laid, set,.or spread over another; an envelope; lid; — a. Of superior excellence. Crack'-brained, —
thing which veils or conceals; screen; disguise; con- -brand, a. Impaired in intellect. Crack''er, n. One —
dition of concealment, shelter, or defense. (Hunt- who, or that which, cracks; a small firework, ex-
ing.) Woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter game. ploding with a sharp noise; a kind of hard biscuit.
A table-cloth and furniture; esp. table furniture for Crackle, krak''!, v. i. To make slight cracks, or
one person at a meal. Cov'erer, n. —
Cov'erlet, — small, abrupt, snapping noises, frequently repeated.
n. The uppermost cover of a bed. Cov'ert, a. — — Crack'le, Crack'lin, n. A kind of china, having
Covered over: hid; sheltered. (Law.) Undercover, the glaze or enamel apparentlv cracked in all direc-
authority, or protection, as a married woman. n — tions. —
Crack ''ling, n. Small, abrupt cracks or re-
Aplace which covers and protects; shelter; defense; ports; rind of roasted pork.
feathers covering the bases of birds' quills. [OF.] Cradle, kra'^dl, ?i. A rocking bed for infants place
— Cov'erture, -er-chur, n. Covering; shelter; de- in which anything is nurtured or protected during^
;

fense. (Law.) Condition pf a woman during mar- immaturity; infancy. (Agnc.) light framework A
riage, —I. e., under the cover or protection of her added to a scj'the, to receive grain as cut, and lay it
husband. in swaths. (Engraving.) An instrument for pre-
Covet, kuv'et, r. t. To wish for eagerly, inordinately, paring plates for mezzotints. (Ship-bmlding.) A
or unlawfully; to long for, hanker after, lust after. framework of timbers to support a vessel when out
— Cov'etable, a. —
Cov'eter, n. Cov'etiveness, -iv- — of water. (Surg.) A case for a broken bone. —v. t.
nes, n. (Phrcn.) Excessive desire of accumulating {cradled (kra'dld), cradling.] To lay, or rock in
property 'acquisitiveness. See Phrenology. — a cradle to nurse in infancy to cut and lay with a
;

Cov'etous, -us, a. Very desirous; excessively eager;

;

cradle, as grain. v. i. —
To'lie or lodge, as in a cra-
;

avaricious; penurious; miserly. Cov'etously, adv. — dle. (Mining.) A

machine rocked by the hand for
— CoVetousness, n. washing out auriferous eartli.
Covey, kuv't, n. An old bird with her brood of Craft, kraft, n. Dexterity in manual employment;
young; a small flock of birds; a company; set. the employment itself a trade cunning, art, or
; ;

Cow, kow, n. ; pi. Cows ; old pi. Kine. I'he female

of bovine animals.
Cow, kow, V. t. [cowed (kowd), cowiTfG.] To depress
with fear, sink the spirits or courage. Cfafts''man, n. ; pi. -men. One skilled in a manual
Coward, kow'ard, n. One who lacks courage; a timid occupation an artificer mechanic.
; ;

or pusillanimous man; craven; poltroon; dastard. Crag, krag, n. A steep, rugged, broken rock. (Geol.'y
a. Destitute of courage; timid; base; pert, to a cow- A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed witt
ard; proceeding from, or expressive of, cowardice. shells, of the tertiary age.
— Cow'ardice, -is, n. Want of courage. Cow'- — Crake, krak, n. (Ornith.') A
species of rail frequenting
ardly, -IT, a. Wanting courage befitting a coward; ; corn, etc., whose cry is a grating croak.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice -, 5dd, tone, 6r {
 CRAM ^7 CREED
Cram, kram, v. t. fcKAMiiED (kranid), crammixg.J
ask with earnestness and humility; to long for, beg,
To stuff, crowd, fill to superfluity; to fill with food
beseech, implore.
beyond satiety ; to qualify for examination by
Craven, kra'vn, h. One vanquished in battle a
hasty preparation. r. i. —
To eat greedily, stuff to weak-hearted fellow; coward; dastard.
; a. Cow-
;

make a hasty review of studies. ardly with meanness; spiritless.

Cramp, krainp, n. A restriction or restraint an iron Craw. kraw. n. The crop or stomach of fowls.
;

instrument to hold together timbers, stones, etc. a Craw-fish, Cray-fish, kraw'-, kra'flsh, n. (Zool.) A
;

piece of wood on which the upper leather of a crustaceous fresh-water animal, resembling the lob-
boot is stretched. {Med.) A spasmodic contraction ster, but smaller.
of a muscle. r. t. —
[cramped (krampt), ckamp- Crawl, krawl, v. i. [crawled (krawld), crawlixg.]
IXG.] To hold tightly pressed together, restrain To move slowl^^, as a worm or on the hands and ;

from free action to form on a cramp, as boot legs

; knees, as a human being to creep ; to advance ; ;

to afflict with cramp. slowly and feebly to have a sensation as if insects ;

Cran, kran, n. A measure by which fresh herrings are were creeping about the body. «. Act or motion —
sold, holding about S7i gallons. of crawling.
Cranberry, kran'ber-rT,'**. A red, sour berry, used Crayon, kra'un, n. A piece of chalk, or other soft sub-
for making sauce, etc. stance, for drawing; drawing made witli pencil or
Crancb. See Ckalxch. crayon. v. t. [crayoxed (-uud), -oxixG.] To —
Crane, kran, n. (Ornith.) A wading bird, having sketch, ^s with, etc.
long bill, legs, and neck. A Craze, kraz, v. i. [crazed (krazd), crazixg.] Orig. to
machine for moving heavy break into pieces, crush to contuse, impair to de-
— ;
;

weights an arm turriing on a

; range the intellect of, render insane. )i. State of
vertical axis, for supporting craziness; insanity a strong habitual desire or pas- ;

kettles, etc., over a fire a si- ; sion. {Pottery.) A defect in the glaze of earthen-
phon, or bent pipe, for drawing ware, causing'it to crack. Cra'zy, -zT, a. Broken; —
liquors out of a cask. (Xaut.) a decrepit; disordered in intellect; deranged. Cra''- —
A piece of wood or iron with \, ^ zy bone. The end of the elbow, a blow upon which
two arms, used, in pairs, to stoMf pi^i^ .y\| & benumbs the arm.
spare spars in. —
v. t. [crajted ^^'ij^Jiji'i Creak, krek, v. i. [creaked (krekt), creaking.] To
(krand), craning.] To cause "=^^^'^ make a sharp, harsh, grating sound, as by friction
to rise to raise, as it by a crane,
;
^^g of hard substances. v. t. To produce a"^ creaking —
— V. i. To stretch the neck in -^^ sound wjth. n. The sound produced. —
order to observe something to rmrp
<-^rane.
; Cream, krem, n. The unctuous substance forming a
balk at a dangerous leap, etc., scum on the surface ofjnilk the best part of a thing.
—
;

—
show timidity. Crane's''bill, n. (Bot.) The gera- v.t. [creamed (kremd), creaming.] To skim
nium, which has an appendage of the seed-vessel re- or take oft' by skimming, as cream to take oft' the
sembling the beak of a crane. best part of. v. i. To become covered with cream, — ;

(Sm-g.) Long-beaked pincers. or thick like cream ; to assume the appearance of

— Cran'' age, n. Right of using cream.
a crane in loading price paid ; Crease, kres, n._ A mark made by folding. v. t. —
for the use. [creased (krest), creasixg.] To make acrease in.
Cranium, kra^'nt-um, n.; pi. Creasote. See Creosote.
-NIA, -a. (Anat.) The skull of Create, kre-at'', v. t. To bring into being, cause to
an animal; brain-pan. Cra'- — exist, originate to be the occasion of, produce to
nial, a. Pert, to, etc. Crani- — Crane.
make. Crea'tion, n. Act of, etc. esp., of bringing — ;

;
;

oKogy, -jT, n. Science of the the world into existence constitution formation ; ; ;

structure of the skull, and its relation to the facul- thing created, as the universe.— Crea'tionism, -izm,
ties of the mind; phrenology. [Gr. logos, discourse.] n. Doctrine that the soul is immediately created by
— CranioKogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc.; a God, opp. to traducianism. Crea'tor, -ter, n. — —
phrenologist. One who, etc. esp. the Supreme Being. Crea''- ;
—
Crank, krank, n. (3fach.) A bent axis, serving as a tive, -tiv, a. Having power to create, or creating.
handle to communicate circular motion, or to Crea''tiveness, n. Creature, kre'chur, n. Thing —
change circular into reciprocating motion, or the created; esp. a being created with life; animal; man;
.

reverse. A bend, turn, or winding a conceit con- one who owes his fortune to another a servile de-
; ;

sisting in a change of the form or meaning of a pendent.

word a fit of temper a whim, absurd notion one Creche, kresh, n. An asylum for very young children
;
;

full of cranks, or deranged. a.

;

(Naut.) Liable —
to during their mothers' working hours.
careen or be overset, as a ship. Full of spirit; brisk. Creed, kred, n. A summary of what is believed esp. ;

Cranny, kran'nT, n. A small, narrow opening fis- of Christian belief. Cre^dence, -dens, n. Reliance
; —
sure crevice chink a secret, retired place -hole. of the mind trust; belief; credit or confidence.
:

— ;

V. i.
; ;

To make crannies to haunt or enter by ; Cre'dent, a. Believing giving credit. Creden'-

;

—
crannies. —
Cran'nied, -nid, a. Full of, etc. tial, -shal, a. Giving a title to credit. n. That
;

—
Crape, krap, n. A thin, transparent stuff, made of which, etc. pi. testimonials or certificates showing ;

raw silk gummed and twisted, used for mourning that one is entitled to credit, or has authority or
garments. —
Crap'y, -t, a. Resembling crape. official powers. Cred^ible, a. Capable of being —
Crash, krash, v. f. [crashed (krasht), crashixg.] believed worthy of belief. Cred'^ibleness, -ibil''- —
—
;

To break to pieces violently. v. i. To make a loud, —

ity, n. Cred'ibiy, ad}}. Cred'it, n. Reliance on —
clattering sound, as of many things breaking at the truth of something said or done; belief faith ;

—
;

once. n. Mingled sound of things breaking. reputation derived from the confidence of others; es-
Coarse linen cloth. teem reputation authority derived from character ; ;

Crass, kras, a. Gross; dense; coarse. CraBS''itude, —

or reputation influence derived from the confi-
—
;

-t-tud, w. Crossness; thickness. Crass^ament, n. dence or favor of others interest. {Com.) Trust ;

Thick part of a fluid, esp. of blood; a clot. given or received expectation of future payment ;

Cratch, krach, ji. A manger or open frame for hay; mercantile reputation. {Book-keeping.) Tne side
a crib. —
Cratch-cradle. Form of the cratch, made of an account on which are entered values received;
—
upon the fingers with string; cat's-cradle. items entered on such side of an account. v. t. To
Crate, krat, n. A hamper of wicker-work, for crock- confide in the trutli of; put, trust in, believe; to
ery. enter upon the credit side of an account, set to the
Cra^ber, kra'ter, n. The aperture or mouth of a vol- credit of. Cred''itable, a. Deserving or possess- —
cano. —Crater'^iform, a. Cup-shaped. ing, etc. reputable; estimable. Cred''itableness, —
Craunch, Cranch, kranch, v. t. [CRAiJXCHED(krancht), n. Cred'itaDly, adv. Cred^itor, -er, n. One who — ;

—
CRAUXCHING.] To Crush with the teeth, chew nois- gives credit in business matters one to whom
—
;

ily, crunch. money is due. Cred''ulou8, -u-lus, a. Apt to be-

Cravat, kra-vat'', n. A neck-cloth. lieve on slight evidence easily convinci::d or im-
Crave, krav, v. t. [craved (kravd), ceavixg.] To posed upon unsuspecting. Cred'iilously, adv. ;
;

— —
siin, etibe, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, ttien, boxboN, chair, get.
 CREEK 88 CROOK
Cred'ulousnesB, Credu'lity, -IT-tl, n. Readiness to Cried, Crier. See under Cry.
believe without sufKcient evidence. Crime, krim, n. A violation of law, divine or humanv
Creek, krek, h. A
small inlet, bay, or cove a small ; esp. a gross offense; sin; vice. Crim^inal, krlm'- —
river or brook any turn or winding.
; IT-nal, a. Guilty of, involving, or pert, to crime.
Creel, krel, n. A
wicker basket, for carrying' fish. n. One guilty of, etc. —
Crini. con., abbr. of Crim-
Creep, krep, v. i. [crept, creeping.] To move inal conversation. (Law.) Adulter/.
—
Crim'inally, — —
along, as a reptile does to move on hands and
; adv. Criminal'lty, -t-tT, n. Guiltiness. Crim''-
knees, crawl; to move slowly, feebly, timorouslj', or inate, v. t. To charge with, or convict of, crime.
stealthily to steal in, insinuate one's self; to fawn;
; Crimp, krimp, a. Easily crumbled. v.t. [crimped. —
to grow, as a vine, clinging to other support; to have (krimpt), crijipixg.] To form into ridges, waves,
a sensation of insects crawling upon the body. — or plaits to pinch and hold, seize, decoy. (Cook-
;

Creep''er, n. One who, or that which, etc.; a vine; a ery.) To cause to contract, or to render crisp, as
fixture with iron points worn on the shoe to prevent the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with
slipping. iOrnith.) A small bird, allied to the wren. a knife. —
n. One who decoys. Crimple. krimp''!, —
pi. An instrument with hooks or claws to drag the V. t. [CRIMPLED (-Id), -LING.] To Cause to shrinK
"bottom of wells, etc. —
Creep''ingly, adv. By creep- or draw together, contract, curl, corrugate.
ing slowly; sneaking!}' ignobl}'. ; Crimson, krim-'zn, n. A deep-red color tinged with
;

Cremate, kre-mat'', v. t. "To burn, esp. a corpse. blue. — a. Of a deep red color. r. t. [crimsoned —
Creole, kre^'ol, n. One born in America, or the West (-znd), -soxiNG.] To dye witli crimson. v. i. To —
Indies, of European ancestors; one born in tropical become crimson; to blush.
America, or adjacent islands, of any color. Cringe, krini, v. t. [crixged (krinjd), crixgixg.] To
Creosote, kre''o-sot, n. (Chem.) An oily, colorless cause to siirink, contract, draw together. v. i. To —
liquid, having the smell of smoke, and strong anti- draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to
septic properties, obtained from wood.
distillation of bow obsequiously, fawn. n. Servile civility; a —
Crepitate, krep't-tat, v. i. To burst with a sharp mean bow.
sound, crackle, snap. Crinite, kri'^mt, a. Resembling a tuft of hair. —
Crept. See Creep. Crin'oUne, -!in, n. A lady's stiff petticoat, — orig. of
Crescent, kres''ent, a. Increasing ; growing shaped liair-cloth,afterwards expanded by hoops. Cri- —
like the new moon. n. The — ;

increasing moon; nose', -nos', a. Hairy.

moon in her first or last quarter; figure of the new Crinkle, krink-'l, v. t. [crinkled (-kid), -ling.] To
moon, borne in the Turkish flag; the flag itself; the form with short turns or wrinkles. v. i. To run —
Turkish power. in and out in sliort bends.
Cress, kres, n. (Bot.) A
salad plant of various species. Cripple, krip'l, n. One who creeps, lialts, or limps.
Cresset, kres'set, n. An
open lamp, on a beacon, —V. t. [crippled (-pld), -PLiNG.] To deprive of the
lighthouse, etc., or carried on a pole. use of the limbs, esp. of the len;s and feet ; to lame,
Crest, krest, n. A
tuft, or other natural ornament, on deprive of strengtli or use, disable.
an animal's head, as the comb of a cock; the plume Crisis, kri'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. The decisive mo-
or other decoration on a hel- ment; turning-point. (Med.) The cliange of a dis-
met ; the helmet itself the ; ease which indicates recovery or deatli.
head, as typical of high spirit Crisp, krisp, a. Formed into stiff curls or ringlets;
pride courage. (Her.) An
; liaving windings or indentations brittle friable; ;

— —
;

appendage placed over the effervescing sparkling.; said of liquors. v. t.

shield. The rising part of a [crisped (krispt), crispixg.] To curl, as tlie hair;
horse's neck : see Horse. to wreathe, as branches of trees; to wrinkle or curl
The foamy, feather-like top on tlie surface or edges. —
v. i. To form little curls.
of a wave. (Fort.) The top Criss-cross, kris-'-kros, n. niarlc formed by two A
line of a slope. 1\ t. To — lines crossing, usually at ri^ht angles a child's
—
;

furnish or adorn with a crest; game played on paper or a slate. adv. In oppo-
to serve as a crest for. site directions; with opposition or hindrance.
Cretaceous, kre-ta^'shus, a. Crest. (Her.) Critic, krit'ik, n. One skilled in judging of the
Having the qualities of, or abounding with, chalk. merits of literary or art works ; a connoisseur : a
Cretin, krc'tin, n. (Med.) An idiot of a kind fre- harsh judge carper. —
Crit'ical, a. Having skill
;

quent in the valleys of the Alps, generally afflicted to judge of literary or artistic matters; exact: nicely
also with goiter. judicious captious pert, to criticism character-
; ; ;

Cretonne, kre-ton'', A fabric having a warp of

n. ized by thoroughness and a reference to principles;
hemp and woof of flax. pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning-
Crevasse, kre-vas'', n. A crevice or split, as in a gla- point; decisive of doubtful issue attended witn
—
; ;

cier; a breach in the levee or embankment of a risk. Crifically, adv. —

Crificalness, n.— Criti-
river. — Crev'ice, n. A narrow opening from a
-is, cise, -siz, V. t. [-CISED (-sizd^, -cising.] To examine
split; a_cleft; fissure; rent. and judge as a critic; to animadvert on. v. i. _ — Tp
Crew, kroo, n. A
company of people associated to- act as a critic, pass judgment, animadvert.— Crifi-
gether; throng; assemblage; a ship's company; the ciser, 52. —Crificism, -sizm, n. Art of judging of
seamen belonging to a vessel. beauties and faults; judgment passed or expressed;
Crew. See_CROw. detailed examination and review. Critique'', krT- —
Crewel, kroo'el, n. "Worsted yarn slackly twisted. telt'', n. Art of criticism critical examination or ;

Crib, krib, n. The manger or rack of a stall; stall for estimate of a work of literature or art; thorough
cattle; inclosed bedstead for a child; bin for stor- analvsis of any subject. [F.]— Crite'rion, -rT-un,
ing grain, salt, etc.; a literal translation of a classic n. ; pi. -RiA, -r^-a, or -rioxs. A standard of judging;
author. —
v. t. [cribbed (kribd), cribbixg.] To approved or established rule, principle, or test, by
shut in a narrow habitation to pilfer or purloin. comparison with which a judgment is formed.
— V. i. To crowd together, be confined. Crib'-
;

— Croak, krok, r. i. [croaked (krokt), croakixg.] To

bage, -bej, n. A
game at cards, in which the dealer make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or
makes up a third hand for himself, partly from his crow; to forebode evil, grumble. v. t. To utter —
opponent's. —
Crib-'bage-board, ??. A board with in a low, hoarse voice. n. —
Tlie sound of a frog,
holes, to score the game at cribbage with pegs. raven, etc. Croak''er, —
n. One who croaks, com-
Crib'bing, n. (Miniug.) A plank lining of a shaft, plains, or liabitually forebodes evil; a small Amer.
etc. (Far.) Ahorse's trick of gnawing the crib. fish, which croaks when caught.
Cribble, krib'bl, n. A coarse sieve or screen. 1\ t. Crochet, kro-sha', ?i. A
kind of netting made with a
[CRiBBLED (-bid), -BLIXG.] To cause to pass through small hook. r. t. —
To do netting with, etc.
a sieve or riddle; to sift. Crock, krok. w. An earthen vessel; pot; pitcher: cup;
Crick, krik, n. A spasmodic affection, esp. of the smut collected on pots, kettles, etc. ; soot lamp- ;

neck or bnck. black— w. t. To blacken with soot, or with the

Cricket, kiik'et, n. An orthopterous insect, having a coloring matter of cloth, r'. i. —
To give off crock,
chirping note; a game with bat, ball, and wicket; a smudge, blacken. —
Crock'ery, -er-T, n. Earthen-
lew .stool. —
V. i. To play at cricket. ware vessels of clay, glazed and baked; pottery.
;

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd tone, 6r
 CROCODILE 89 CROWN
Crocodile, krok^o-dil, n. A large aaiphibious reptile amination of a witness, called by one party, bv the
of Africa and Asia. opposite party. — Cross ''let, A small cross. ('Her.) >«.

Crocus, kro^kus, 71. A genus A cross whose arms are terminated with small cross-
of earlv flowering plants a ; es, or again crossed near the end. Crucial, kroo'- —
mineral powder of a deep shal, a. Formed like, or pert, to, a cross: severe ;
yellow or red Color. searching, as if by suffering on the cross. Cru'cify, —
Crone, kron, n. An old wom- -sY-fT, V. t. [-CIFIED (-fid), -FYixo.] To fasten to a
an, —usually in contempt cross, destroy the power of, subdue completely. —
more rarely 'an aged man. Crucifixion, -tik''shun, n. Act of, etc.; death on the
— Grozny, -nT, n. Intimate cross, intense suffering. Cru'cifix, n. Figure of a —
companion; associate; famil- cross, with Christ upon it. Cru'ciform, a. Cross- —
iar friend. shapetl. (Bol.) Having 4 equal petals, disposed
Crook, krciok, n. A
bend, turn, Crocooile. crosswise. —
Crucigerous, -sij'er-us, a. Bearing, or
or curve; device used as a subterfuge; trick; artifice; marked with, etc. Crusade, -sad', n. —
mediaeval A
an instrument bent at the end, esp. a shepherd's or military expedition to recover the Holy Land from
bishop's staff . —
r. t. [ckooked (kr(5&kt), ckook- the Mohammedans; any expedition for a religious
IXG.] To turn from a straight line, make crooked, purpose a hot-headed or fanatical enterprise.
—
;

bend, turn from rectitude, "pervert. ?•. i. To be Crotch, kroch, n. Place of division, as of a trunk into
bent or curved. —
Crook'ed, p. a. Characterized by branches; fork; a forked piece of wood, metal, etc.
a crook or curve; !)eiit not straightforward; per-
; — Crotch'et, n. A
verse. —
_Crook'edly, tn/r. —
Crook'^edness, ». forked piece of wood;
Croon, kroon, w. A
low, continued moan; murmur; crotch. (Mus.) Tlia.
a simple piece of music; plain, artless melody. v. — 3 d principal note,
t. [CKOOSED (kroond), cuoo.vixG.] To sing in a equal in duration to
low tone, hum; to soothe bj" singing softl}'. v.i. J a m i n i m , marked Crotchets.
To make a continuous noise in a low, hollow tone, with a hook, the stem
as cattle do when in pain; to moan; to hum, sing, or of which may turn up or down according to its situ-
murmur softly. ation. (Print.) A bracket. See BR.iCKET. Acrooked
Crop, krop, n. ' The protuberant stomach of a bird, or perverse fancy whim conceit. Crotcll'ety, -T,
; ; —
situated in the breast ; the craw ; the top of any a. Given to crotchets; whimsical.
thing, esp. of a plant that which is cropped or Croton-bug, kro'tun-bug,?!. (Entom.) kind of cock- A
;

gathered from a single field, or of a single kind of roach. —

-oil, n. (Med.) vegetable oil of hot, A
grain, fruit, etc., or in a single season; fruit; har- biting taste, —
a powerful drastic cathartic.
vest.— I', t. [CROPPED (kropt), CROPFIXG.] To cut Crouch, krowch, v. i. [crouched (krowcht), ceouch-
off the ends of, bite or pull off, pluck.— i'. i. (Gcol.) 1x0.] To bend down, stoop or lie low, bend, obse-
To appear above the surface, as a seam or bed of quiously, stoop meanly, fawn, cringe.
coal ; to come to light, be manifest, with out. — — Croup, kroop, n. The buttocks of quadrupeds, esp. of
Crop'^per, n. A
kind of pigeon having a large crop; a horse place beliind the saddle.
; Crupper, Croup- —
a hurt by a fall from a horse. (3Iech.) machine A er, krup^er in Amer. ; krup''er in Eng., n. The rump
for facing cloth by means of spiral knives. Crops, — of a horse a strap under a horse's tail holding the
n. pi. The region above the shoulder in the ox. — saddle back. v. t.
;

—
To fit with, etc. Croupier, —
-Crop''eared, -erd, a. Having the ends of the ears kroo^pT-er or kroo-per', n. One at the lower end of
cut off. the table as an assistant-chairman at a dinner; one
Croquet, kro-ka', n. A
game in which wooden balls who watches the cards and collects the money at a
are driven by mallets through hoops arranged on a gaming-table. [F.]
lawn. Croup, kroop, n. (Med.) An inflammatory affection
Croquette, kro-kef, n, (Cookery.) ball of minced A of the lai-ynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse
meat, seasoned, and fried. ringing cough and difficult respiration.
Crosier, kro'zher, n. The official Crow, kro, n. A
large bii-d, usually black, uttering a
staff of an archbishop, or harsh, croaking note an iron lever with a claw ;

bishop. shaped like a crow's beak; the voice of the cock.

Cross, kros, n, A
gibbet, consist- v.i. [imp. CWYAV or CROWED; ?j. 73. CROWED (krod)
ing of two timbers placed trans- or (obs.) CROwx (kron); CROwixo.] To make the
versely; the theological and re- shrill sound of a cock; to shout in exultation or de-
ligious import of tlie death of fiance; to brag; to utter a sound of jov, as an infant.
Christ; the Christian doctrine; — Crow'-bar, V!. A
bar of iron, used as a lever.—
the gospel; the symbol of -foot, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants; crow-toe. (Naut.)
Christ's death, and hence, of a. h. Cordage suspending an awning. Crow's''-feet, n. — —
Christianity; affliction regarded Crosiers. pi. Wrinkles at the outer corners of the ej'cs.
as a test of virtue; trial; vexii- -nest, n. (Xaut.) look-out place on a mast. A
tion; disappointment. (Arch.) a. Bishop's. Crowd, krowd, v. t. To press or drive together; to fill
A cross-shaped ornament. The h. Archbishop's. by pressing, encumber by excess of numbers or
cross-like mark signed by those unable to write; a quantity to press by solicitation, dun, treat dis-
mixing of breeds or stock, esp. in cattle-breeding; courteously. r. i. To press together in numbers,
;

—
product of such intermixture. {Surv.) An instru- swarm; to urge or press forward. n. number of — A
ment for laying off offsets perpendicular to the main persons or things closely pressed together; the lower
course. a. Lying athwart; transverse; intersect- orders of people throng ; multitude vulgar rab- ; ; ;

ing; adverse; contrary; perverse; unfortunate; peev- ble.

ish or fretful; ill-humored; mutually inverse; inter- Crown, krown, n. wreath encircling the head, esp. A
changed.— v. ^ [CROSSED (krost),'cROSSiX(j.] To as a badge of merit, dignity, or power; a jeweled cap
put across or athwart; to draw something, as a line, or fillet worn on the head as an emblem of sover-
across; to pass from one side to the other of; to run eignty; any object sought for as a prize; anything
counter to, thwart, clash or interfere with; to debar; imparting boaiity, dignity, or distinction; one enti-
to make the sign of the cross upon; to cancel, erase; tled to a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; re-
to mix the breed of. i'. i. —
To lie or be athwart; to gal or imperial power; sovereignty; royalty; a coin
pass from one side toward the other, or from place bearing the image of a crown; topmost part of any-
to place; to interbreed. —
Cross'ly, -IT, adr. In a thing; the part of a hat above .the brim and the flat
cross waj'; peevishly.— Cross'ness, n. Cross''wi8e, —
circular part at the top. (Arch.) The highest meni'
adv. In the form of a cross; across. Cross'^ing, n. —ber of a cornice; summit of any part of a building.
Act by which anything is crossed; act of interbreed- (Bot.) An appendage at the top of the claw of some
ing; intersection of roads; paved walk across a street. petals; the head of a root: see Root. (N^aitt.) That
— Cros8''-exam'ine, v. t. [examixed (-ind), -inixg.] part of an anchor where the arms join the shank;
{Law.) To examine for the purpose of eliciting facts also, bights formed by turns of a cable. v. t. —
ing the direct testimony. —
not brought out in direct examination or controvert-
exam'ina'tion, n. Ex-
[CROWXED (krownd), crowxixg.] To invest with a
crown, or with royal dignity; to adorn, dignify; lO

siin, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxbON, chair, get.
 CRUCIAL 90 CUD
form the topmost part of, complete, perfect. (J/t7.) vault under a church, for burial purposes. (Arch.)
To effect a lodgment upon. — Crown'er, n. The space under a building subterranean cnapel ;

Crucial, Crucify, Crucifix, etc. See under Ceoss. hiding-place. —

Cryp'tic, -tical, a. Hidden; secret;
Crucible, kroo's'C-bl, n. chemical A occult. — Cryp'togam, /;. (Bot.) A flowerless plant,
vessel or meltin";-pot, capable of or one which does not fructify by means usual to
enduring great neat without in- others. —
Cr3T)tog'amy, -niT, n. Concealed fruc-
jury. _ tification. —
Cryptog'raphy, -fY, n. Art of writing
Crude, krood, a. I n i t s natural in secret characters secret characters or cipher.
;
—
state; not cooked or prepared for CryptoKogy, -jT, n. Secret or enigmatical language.
use; raw; unripe; immature; not — Cryp'tonym, -nim, a. A concealed name, known
reduced to order or form undi- ; onlj' to the initiated.
fested; hasty and ill-considered; Crucible. Crystal, kris'tal, n. (Cheni. and 3Iin.) The regu-
isplaying superficial and undi- lar form which a substance assumes in solidify-
gested knowledge. (Paint.) Coarselj' done not ac- : ing a fine kind of glass glass of a watch case. —
curately colored. Crude'^ly, adv. —
Crude-'uess, — ;

a. Of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent.

;

Crys'- —
Cru'dity, -dl-tl, n. Condition of being, or that which tallLne, -lin-, a. Of erj^stal having a texture pro- ;

is, etc. _ duced hy crj'stallization resembling crvstal pure; ; :

Cruel, kroo''el, a. Disposed to give pain causing, ; clear; pellucid. Cn/stalline Jiumor, or lens. A white,
or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery; savage; in- transparent, firm substance, formed like a convex
; —
human pitiless. Cru'elly, -el-lT, adv. Cru'elty, — lens, in the vitreous humor of the eve see Eye. :
—
-ti, n. Character of being, etc.; a cruel deed. Crys'tallize, -liz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd). -lizing.] To
Cruet, kroo''et, n. A
small glass bottle for vinegar, cause to form crystals, or assume crj-.stalline form.
oil. etc.; a caster. v. i. To be converted into, etc. Crys'talliza''tion. n. —
Cruise. See Ckuse. _ Act of, or thing formed by, etc. Crystallog'^raphy, — f I

Cruise, krooz, v. i. [ckuised (kroozd), ceuisixg.] To -ti, n. Doctrine or science of, or treatise on, crj'S-
go back and forth on the ocean to wander hither tallization.
and thither on land. 7i. —
voyage without settled A
;

Ctenoid, ten'oid, n. A
fish having unenameled scales,
course. jagged at the edges.
Cruller, krul'ler, 7i. A
kind of crisp sweet-cake boiled Cub, kub, n. A
young animal, esp. the young of the
in fat. bear. —
v. t. or i. [cubbed (kubd), -bing.] To bring
Crumb, krum, n. A
small fragment or piece, esp. of forth (animals).
bread the soft part of bread. r. t. To break into — Cube, kilb, 71. (Geom.) A
regular solid body, with
;

crumbs or small pieces. Crum''ble, -bl, n. very — A six equal square sides. (Arith.)
small fragment small ; t. [crumbled crumb. — r. The product of a number multi-
(-bid), -BLIXG.] To break into small pieces. v. i. — plied twice into itself; as, 4x4
To fall or break into, etc., decay, perish. Crum''- — =16x4=f54, the cube of A.— v. t.
bly, -bit, a. Easily crumbled bVittle. Crxun'^my, ;
— [cubed (kubd), cubing.] To
-mT, a. Full of crumbs soft not crusty. ; ; raise to the third power, by multi-
Crumpet, krum''pet, n. kind of soft bread-cake, A plving a number into itself twice.
not sweetened. — Cuhe7'oot. (Arith.) The
Cube.
Crumple, krum'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -plixg.] To number or quantity whicn, mul-
press into wrinkles or folds, rumple. v. i. To — tiplied into itself, and then into the product, pro-
shrink irregularly, wrinkle. duces a certain cube: thus, 3 is the cube root of 27.
Cruncli, krunch, v. i. ["crunched (krrtncht), crunch- — Cu'bic, Cu'bical, a. Having the form or prop-
ing.] To chew with violence and noise, craunch ; erties of a cube contained, or capable of being
;

to grind or press noisily. contained, in a cube. Cubic equation. An equation

Cruor, kroo''or, n. Gore coagulated blood. in which the highest power of the unknown quan-
Crupper. _See under Croup.
;

tity is a cube. —
C.foot. A solid foot, equivalent to
Crural, kroo'ral, a. Pert, to the leg; shaped like a leg a cubical solid, which measures a foot in each of its
or root. dimensions. C. niMiJia-.— number produced by A
Crusade. _See under Cross. multiplying a number into itself, and that product
Cruse, kroos, n. A small cup or bottle. Cru'set, n. — bv the "same number. Cu'bicaUy, adr. — Cu'bic- —
A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot. ainess, n.~ Cu'bature, -chur, n. Process of determin-
Crush, krush, v. t. [crushed (krusht), crushing.] ing the cubic contents of a body. Cu'biform, a. —
To press and bruise between hard bodies to over- Cube-shaped.— Cu'boid, -boid'al.'o. Having nearly
—
;

whelm by pressure to overco'me completely, sub- ; the form of, or resembling, a cube. Cu'bo-cube, n.
due, ruin. V. i. —
To be pressed into a smaller com- (Malli.) The 6th power. — Cu'bo-cu'bo-cube, H. 9th
pass by external force to be condensed. n. ; — A power
violent compression. Crush'er, n. — Cubeb, ku'beb, n. A
small, spicy, tropical berry^
Crust, krust, n. The hard, external covering of any- stimulant and purgative.
thing; any concretion. v. t. To cover with a hard— Cubit, ku'bit, ?i. (Anat.) The fore-arm. measure A
case, or crust; to incrust, envelop, —v. i. To gather of length, —
the distance from the elbow to the end
into a hard crust to concrete or freeze at the sur- of the middle finger.
face. — ;

Crusfy, -T, a. Of the nature of crust hard ; Cuckoo, kd6k''oo, n. A bird, named from its note, which
of a harsh exterior or rough manner; surh^; morose. lays its eggs in
— Crusta'^cea, -she-a, n. pi. One of the 'classes of other birds'
articulated animals, including lobsters, shrimps, nests. —
Cuck''-
and crabs, which have a crust-like shell covering the oo-spit," spit' tie.
body and legs. »?. An exuda-
Crutch, kruch, n. A
staif with a cross-piece, to be tion or spume
placed under the arm tor support in walking. on some plants,
Cry, kri. v. i. [cried (krid), crying.] To speak, call, esp. about the
or exclaim loudly to vociferate, proclaim; to weep
; joints of laven-
and sob to bawl, as a child; to utter inarticulate der and rose-
sounds, as animals.
;

r. t. —
To utter loudly or vehe- mary. —
mently to advertise by outcry.
; n. loud utter- — A Cuck^old, n.
ance; outcry; clamor; expression of triumph, won- A man whose
der, pain, distress, etc. public advertisement bv wife is un-
outcry; a pack of hounds. Cri''er, n. One who,
;

— faithful.—
etc. esp. an officer who proclaims the orders of a
; v. t. To make
court or givespublic notice by proclamation. a cuckold of.
Cryolite, kri'o-ht. 71. (.Win.) A mineral found only
in the gneiss of Greenland, which melts easily; com-
Cucumber, ,
American
.

Cuckoo.
„,
ku''kun-ber
mercial ore of aluminium. n. A creeping plant and its fruit.
Crypt, kript, n. A
subterranean cell or cave esp. a ; Cud, kud, 71. Food brought up into the moat]i by
am, fSme, f 3,r, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, lee ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 CUDDLE 91 CURE
ruminating animals from their and 1st stomach, Cnnctative, kunk'ta-tiv, a. Causing or prone to de-
chewed a M time; a piece of chewing tobacco: quid. lay: tardy.
Coddle, kud'dl, v. i. [cuddled (-did), -ui.ixo.] To Cuneal. ku^ne-al, -neate, -neated, -neafic, -niform,
lie close or snug to squat, (jrouch, snujrgle.
; Cud'- — -ne'iform, a. Having the form of a wedge pert, to ;

dy, -dt, n. (^aut.) A

small cabin in a boat. A the wedge-shaped characters in ancient Persian and
very small apartment. Assyrian inscriptions.
Cudgel, kuj'el, n. A
short, thick stick club. v. t. ; Cunning, kun'ning, a. Well-instructed skillful ;

[cudgeled (-eld), -elikg.] To beat. i

experienced given to underhand maneuvering
;

Cue, ku, ti. A

tail esp. a tail-like twist of hair at the
; i
artfully deceitful; sly; crafty exhibiting skill or ;

back of the head last words of an actor's speech,

; craft; ingenious; curious. n. Faculty' or act of
regarded as a hint for the succeeding player to '

using stratagem deceit art. ; ;

speak; hint or intimation; the part one is'to perform; Cup, kup, 11. A small drinking vessel; contents of a
a straight rod used in playing billiards. cup; cupful; a drink composed of wine iced and
Cuff, kuf, n. A
"blow with'the open hand a stroke ; flavored; that which must be endured; portion;
box; buffet. )•. «.— [cuffed (kuft), CUFFING.] To
;

lot. (Surg.) A
cupping-glass. ]}l. Repeated pota-
strike with the flat of the hand, as a man or with tions revelry drunkenness. v. t. [cupped- —
talons or wings, as a fowl. n. The fold at the end — ; ; ;

(kupt), cupping.] To supply with cups. (Surg.)

of a sleeve. To Dleed by scarification and a cupping-glass. —
CuirasB, kwe-ras', n. A piece of armor, covering the Cup'ping, n. (Surg.) Operation of drawing blood
body from neck to girdle. — Cuirassier, -ser', n. A with a cuppino:-glass. Cup^ping-glass, n. — glass- A
armed with, etc. [F.J
soldier cup to be applied to the skin, to draw blood by ex
Cuish, kwis,71. Defensive armor for the thighs. hausting the air. Cup'^bear- —
Cuisine, kwe-zen', «. The kitchen style of cooking : er, n. One who fills"*ana hands
cookery. — Cu'Uiiary, -na-rl, a. Pert, to the kitchen
;

the cups at an entertainment.

or cookerv. — Cup'board, kub^erd, n. A
Cul-de-sac, kfwld'sak', n. A street closed at one end; closet with shelves, for cups,
a trap. (.Vi7.) A position in which an army has no plates, etc. — Cu'pel, n. A
exit out to the front. (iVai. Hist.) A bag-shaped small vessel used in refining
cavity, or organ, open only at one end. [F7\ precious metals; a shallow
Cull, kul, V. t. [culled (kuld), cullixg.J To sepa- crucible. — CupeK, v. t. To
rate, select, or pick out. separate by means of a cupel;
Cullender. See Colander. refine. — Cu''pola, -la, n. ; pi.
(JiUminate, kul'mi-nat, v. i. To reach the highest -las, -laz. (Arch.) spher- A
point of altitude, or of rank, size, numbers, etc. — ical vault on the top of an
a. Growing upward, as disting. fr. lateral growth. edifice. The round top of a
— Culmina'tion, n. Attainment of, etc. passage furnace; the furnace itself. ;

across the meridian; transit. Cupidity, ku-pid'I-tT, n. Eager

Culpable, kuKpa-bl, a. Deserving censure; worthy desire for possession, esp. of Cupola.
of blame; faulty; censurable.— Cul^pableness, -bil'- wealth; covetousness; lust.
ity, -tt, n. —
Cul'pably, adv. CuKprit, n. One ac- —
Cupreous, ku'pre-us, a. Of or resembling copper ;
cused or convicted of crime a criminal. coppery.
; Cupriferous, -er-us, a. Containing or —
Cultus, kuKtus, Cult, ?i. Hoiiiage; worship; a system affording copper.
of religious belief, worship, or rites. Cul''tivate, Cur, ker, n. —
worthless or degenerate dog; a worth- A
V. t. To till, fertilize to direct special attention less, snarling fellow. Cur-'rish, a. Like a cur —
—
;

o, foster, cherish to improve by labor, care, or quarrelsome churlish. Cur'rishly. adv.

study to civilize, refine. —- Cul'tivable, a.
;
;

—
Cul- Curable, Curate, Curator, etc. See under Cure.
;

tiva'tion, n. Art or practice of, etc. tillage fos- Curacoa, koo-ra-so', n. ; cordial, flavored with
; A
tering care civilization state of being cultivated
; ; orange-peel, cinnamon, and mace, first made in ;

advancement in physical, intellectual, or moral con- the island of Curagoa.

dition: refinement culture. Curare, -ri, ku-ra^'re, n. South American vegetable A
—
;

Cul''tiva1x)r, -ter, n. One poison used by Indians upon arrows, etc., de- —
who, etc.; an implement stroying control by the nerves of the voluntary
used in the tillage of grow- muscles. [Written itrari, ivoorali, luouran, etc.]
ing crops, to loosen the sur- Curb, kSrb, n. check or hindrance; esp. a chain or A
face of the earWi. Culture, — strap upon a horse's bit, which may be drawn tight-
kuKchur, n. Act of, etc. ly against the lower jaw; a wall to hold back a mass
;

cultivation refinement of
;
Cultivator. of earth in its place; a wall set within or round the
mind or manners, —r. t. [cultured (-churd), -Tur- mouth of a well; a curb-stone. -r. t. [curbed
ing.] To cultivate. (kerbd), curbing.] To bend to one's will, restrain,
Culter, kuKtgr, n. A colter. See Colter. Cul'- —
confine; to furnish with a curb, as a well; to re-
trate, -trated, a. (Bot. & Omith.) Sharp-edged and strain by a curb, as a bank of earth. Curb'roof, w. —
pointed, like a pruning knife. roof having a double slope; gambrel roof; mansard A
Culvert, kuKvert, n. An arched drain for water un-
der a road, canal, etc.
roof. stone, n. stone placed edgewise against
earth or stonework to prevent its giving way.
— A
Cumber, kum'ber, v. t. [-bered (-herd), -Bering.] Curd, kerd, n. The coagulated or thickened part of
To hang or rest on as a troublesome weight; to be milk, eaten as food, also of any liquid. v. t. To —
burdensome or oppressive to; to clog, obstruct, em- curdle; congeal. v. i. To become coagulated or
barrass, impede. —
Cum''bersome, -sum, a. Burden- thickened; to separate into curds and whey. Cur''- —
some or hindering not easily managed; oppressive; dle, -dl, V. I. and t. [curdled (-did), -dling.] To
—
;

vexatious. Ciun^bersomely, adv. Cum^brance, —

change into curd, coagulate or concrete; to thicken,
-brans, n. Encumbrance. Cum'torous, -brus, a. —
congeal.
Rendering acti«n difficult; giving trouble. —
Cum''- Cure, kiir, n. Spiritual charge; care of souls; office
brously, adv. —
Cuin''brousness, 7i. Cu'mulate, —
of a curate; curacy; medical care; remedial treat-
-lat, V. t. To heap together; amass. Cumula'tion, —
ment of disease successful remedial treatment ;

n. Act of, etc. a heap. ; —

Cu''mulative, -tiv, a. Form- restoration to health remedy restorative. v. t. ; ;
—
ing a mass; aggregated; augmenting; gaining or giv- [cured (kurd), curing.] To heal, restore to health,
ing force by successive additions. (Law.) Given by soundness, or sanity; to remedy, remove; to pre-
the same testator to the same legatee, said of a —
pare for preservation by drying, salting, etc. v. i. —
legacy. — Cu''muluB, w. {Meteor.) One of the four To effect a cure, be healed. Cur''able, a. That may —
primary forms of clouds, being massed, and often —be, etc. Cur'ablenesB, -abil'ity, n. Cure''less, a. — —
bringing rain. [L.] Cu'mulo-stra''tus, n. — form Incurable. A
Cur''ative, -tiv, a. Pert, to the cure of —
of cloud between cumulus and stratus, which is in diseases tending to cure. Cura ''tor, -ter, n. ;
— A
layers. superintendent, as of a museum, etc. trustee;
—
;

Cumin, kum'in, n. An umbelliferous plant, resem- guardian. [L.j Cu'rate, -rat, n. One who has
bling fennel, and having atromatic seeds. the cure of souls; orig., anv clergyman: now, an

Bun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 3UEFEW 92 JUT
assistant to a rector or vicar. Cu'racy, -sY, n. — Continual flexure of a line or surface from a recti-
Office or employment of, etc. Cu'rious, -rT-us, a. — linear direction. —
Curvilin''eal, -ear, -e-ar, a. Con-
Solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; ex- sisting of, or boun'ded by, curve lines. Cur'vet, —
hibiting care; artfully constructed; eager to learn; n. A
leap of a horse a prank ; frolic. v. i. To ;
—
habitually inquisitive; inviting and rewarding in-
—
make a curvet; to frisk. v. t. To cause to, etc. —
quisitiveness singular. Cu'riousl^, adv. —
Cu'- Cushion, kush'un, n. A
stuffed bag, to sit or recline
riousnesB, n. — ;

Curios''ity, -Tf-tT, n. btate of being, upon; any stuffed or padded surface, —t.-. t. [cush-
etc.; scrupulousness; disposition to inquire, investi- ioned (-und), -lONiNG.] To seat on, or furnish with,
gate, or seek after knowledge inquisitiveness; ; etc.
that which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward Cusp, kusp, n. (Arch.) A projecting point in the or-
attention. —
Cure, ku-ra', n. curate; parson. [F.] A namentation of arches, panels, etc.; a pendant of a
Curfew, ker'fu, n. The ringing of a bell at nightfall, pointed arch. (Astral.) First entrance of any house
orig. a signal to cover fires, extinguish lights, and in the calculations of nativities, etc. (Astron.) The
retire to rest. point or horn of the crescent. (Math.) The point
Curl, kerl. V. t. [curled (kerld), curling.] To twist at which two curves or branches of the same curve
or form into ringlets or coils; to deck as with curls; meet. —
Cusp-'id, n. (Anat.) One of the canine or
to raise in waves or undulations; to ripple. v. i. eye teeth: see Tooth. Cusp-'idal, a. Ending in a —
To bend into ringlets, as hair; to move in curves, point. —
Cusp'idate, -dated, a. (Bot.) Having a
spirals, or undulations. n. ringlet, esp. of hair; — A sharp end, like a spear-point.
an undulating or curving line; flexure; sinuosity; Cuspidor, kusp^i-dor, n. spittoon; an earthenware A
a disease in potatoes, in which the leaves seem waste-basket.
curled and shrunk up. CurKy, -T, a. Saving — Custard, kus'tard, n. dish composed of milk andA
curls tending to curl.
; CurKiness, n. — eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled.
Curlew, ker'lu, ?i. wading A Custody, kus'to-dt, n. A
keeping or guarding ; esp.
bird, of the snipe kind judicial or penal safekeeping ; restraint of liberty;
Curmudgeon, ker-muj''un, n. confinement ;imprisonment. — Custo''dial, -dt-al, a.
An avaricious fellow; miser; Pert, to, etc. — Custo''dian, n. One who has, etc. a ;

niggard churl. ; keeper; superintendent.

Currant, kur''rant, n. A small Custom, kus'tum, n. Way of acting habitual prac- ;

dried grape, used in cook- tice habitual buying of goods business support;
; ;

ery a garden shrub, and

; patronage. (Law.) Long established practice, or
its berry. usage, considered as unwritten law, and resting for
Current, kur'rent, a. Run- authority on long consent. The customary toll, tax,
ning or moving rapidly; or tribute, pi. Duties imposed on commodities im-
now passing or present, in Curlew. ported or exported. Cus'tomable, o. Common; sub- —
its progress; circulating ject to the payment of duties.— Cus''tomably, -arily,
through the community; generally received; com- -rt-lT, adv. In a customary manner habitually. ;
—
mon. n. — A
stream, esp. of a fluid; ordinary pro-
— Cus''tomary, a. According to custom established ;

cedure progressive and connected movement. by common usage; conventional. (Law.) Holding
;

Cur'rently, adv. —
Cur-'rentness, n. Cur'^rency, — or held by custom. — Cus''tomer, n. One who fre-
-sT, n. State or quality of being current; general ac- quents a place to buy; a purchaser; buyer. — Cus'-
ceptance ; circulation current value general
; esti- ; tomhouse, n. The building where duties are paid,
mation; money.— Cur''ricle, -rT-kl, n. chaise drawn A and vessels entered or cleared.
by two horses abreast. Curric'ulum, ?!. —
race A Cut, kut, V. t. [CUT, cutting.] To separate the parts
course; a specified course of study. of v^atli a sharp instrument ; to make an incision in,
Curry, kur'rT, v. t. [curried (kur'rid), currying.] divide, sever; to hew, as wood; or and reap, as mow
To dress by scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, grain or corn to remove by cutting; to dock ; to
—
;

and coloring, said of leather ; to comb, rub, or shape by cutting, carve, hew out to wound the
cleanse the skin of, said of a horse. —
Cur'rier, — sensibilities of ; to intersect, cross ; to castrate or
;

-rt-er, n. A
dresser of leather. Cur''ry-comb, -kom, — geld. —
v. i. To serve in dividing or gashing; to ad-
n. An instrument for cleaning horses. mit of incision or severance ; to divide, sever, inter-
Curry, kur''rT, n. A
kind of sauce used in India, con- sect, etc. to run rapidly ; to divide a pack of cards,
;

taining pepper and other spices; a stew of fowl, fish, to decide the deal or trump. n. An opening made —
etc., with ciirrj- sauce. v. t. —
To cook with curry. with a sharp instrument a cleft gash wound a ; ; ; ;

Curse, kers, v. t. [cursed (kerst) or curst, cursing.] stroke with an edged instrument; that which wounds
To wish evil against, execrate to bring evil upon, ; the feelings; a notch, passage, or channel made by
vex, harass or torment, injure. v. i. To use pro- cutting ; surface left by a cut ; portion severed or
fane language, swear. n. Imprecation of evil; cut oft an engraved block impression from such
; ;

malediction; imprecation; that which brings evil or an engraving; act of dividing a pack of cards; right
affliction torment. Curs'^ed, a. —
Blasted by, or to divide manner in which a thing is formed ;
;

deserving, etc. execrable hateful. Curs^edly, — shape fashion.

;

short cut. —A
A crosspath which
adv.
; ; ;

shortens the way. —

Cut and dried. Prepared be-
Cursive, ker'siv, a. Running; rapid; flowing. Cur'- — forehand not spontaneous.
; C. glass. Glass hav- —
sory, -so-rT, a. Characterized by haste hastily per- ing the surface shaped by grinding and polishing.
formed superficial careless.
;

— To c. a dash, or a figure. To make a display.^

;

Curt, kert, a. Characterized by brevity short con-

;

To c. capers. To play pranks, frolic. To c. dovjn. — —

cise; abrupt; crusty. Curt'^ness, n. —
Curtail, -taK, — ; ;

To fell to abash, shame to lessen, diminish.

; ;

V. t. [-TAILED (-tald'), -TAILING.] To cut short, To c. out. To remove from the midst to shape by
abridge, diminish. cutting, fashion to take the place of, supersede.
;
;

—
Curtain, ker'tin, n. A
movable cloth screen or cover- To c. short. To arrest or check abruptly, abridge.
ing intended to darken or conceal. (Fort.) Part of — To c. under. To undersell. To c. up. To cut to —
the rampart and parapet between the flanks of two pieces, damage, destroy. To
bastions.— I', t. [curtained (-tind''), -taining.] To c. the acquaintance of, or to c.
inclose, or furnish, with curtains. a person. To drop inter-
Curule, ku''rool, a. (Rom. Antiq.) Belonging to a course with, avoid recogniz-
chariot, — said of the chair of certain magistrates, ing. —
To c. the cards. To
borne in a chariot when they went to council. divide a pack into portions.
Curve, kerv, a. Bent without angles; crooked; curved. — To c. the teeth. To put
— n. A bending without an- forth teeth. —To c. across.
fles thing bent
; a flexure. ; To pass through in the most
Geom.) A line of which no direct way. — To To c. in.
three consecutive points are ~ divide, or turn a card, for de-
in the same straight line.— Curve. termining. — Cut'ter, n. One
V. t. [CURVED (kervd), curving.] To bend, crook, who, or an instrument
inflect. V. i. —
To bend. Curv'ature, -chur, n. — which, etc. ; a front tooth. Cutter.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Qdd, tone, dr
 — —

CUTE 93 DAG
that cuts; an incisor. (Xaut.} A small boat used bv may be generated by the rotation of a
ships of war a gloop^rigged vessel with a bowsprft
; panillelograni round one of its sides ;

which may be run in upon deck. A ono-liorse a l)ody of roller-like form, of which the
sleigh. — dnt'ting, n. Act or operation of, etc. longitudinal section is oblong, and the
something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig cut from
;

cross-section circular. —
Cylin^dric,
a stock lor gratting ; an excavation cut through a -drical, a. Formed like, or Jiaving i)rop-
hill. —Cufoff, n. That which cuts off or shortens. of, etc.
ertit's — Cylin' drif orm , a.
(J/acAO An attachment to a steam-engine wliich Formed like, etc. —
CyKindroid, n. A
cuts oft the passage of steam from the steam-chest solid body resembling a right cylinder,
to the cylinder. but liaving the bases elliptical.
Cate. kut, a. Clever; keen; sharp. Csrmbal, sim^bal, n. A dish-^haped mu-
(Aiiat.) The true skin a dense Cvlinder.
Cutis, ku''tis, n. ; sical instrument of brass, held in the
resisting membrane, next below the cuticle. Cu- — hand, and producing, when two are struck together,
ta'neous, -ne-us, a. Pert, to, upon, or affecting, the a ringing sound.
skin.— Cu'ticle, -tT-kl, a. The outer skin scarf-skinr ; Cyme, Sim, 7i. (Bot.) A flat-topped or convex flower-
epidermis. {Hot.) The thin external covering of the cluster, like a corymb, except that the inflorescence
bark of a plant. commences with' the terminal buds. Cy'inose, —
Cutlass, kut'las, n. A
broad, curving sword, with -moR, -rnons, -mus, a. Containing or in the form of
but one cutting edge. — Cufler, n. One who makes a cyme. —
Cyni'ling, w. squash. A
or deals in cutlery. —
Cut'lery, -ler-T, n. Business Cymric, kini'iik, a. Pert, to the Cymry, or people of
of a cutler cutting instruments in general, or in
; Wales, or to their language; Welsh.
the mass. Cynic, sin'ik, -ical, ((^--Having the qualities of a surly
Cutlet, kuflet, n. A
piece of meat, esp. of veal or dog; snarling; surly; austere; pert, to the dog-star»
mutton, cut for broiling; generally part of the rib pert, to tlie philosophers called cynics, or to their
witli the meat belonging to it. doctrines.— Cyn'ic, n. One of a sect of ancient phi-
Cattle, kut'tl, Cuftle-fish, n. molluscous animal, A losophers, named from their morose tenets; one who
having ten arms furnished with cu- holds views resembling those of the cynics: asnarler;
pules orsucking cups, by which it misanthrope. —
Cyn'icalness, n. —
Cyn'icism, -sizm,
attaches itself to other bodies. n. Practice or principles of a cynic.
Cycle, si'kl. n. An imaginary circle or Cynosure, sin'o-shoor or si'no-shGor, n. The constel-
orbit in the heavens an interval of ; lation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing-
time in which a certain succession of the polar star, the eyes of mariners are often di-
events is completed, and then returns rected; anything to which attention is turned; cen-
arain and again in the same order. ter of attraction.
(jLtot.) One entire round in a spire or Cypress, si'pres, n. A
coniferous tree, generally ever-
circle. —
CyClic, sik'lik, -lical, a. Pert, green, and having wood remarkable for durability,
to, or moving in cycles. — Cy'cloid, 7i. _, , „ ,
— anciently used at funerals, and so an emblem of
(Geom.) A
curve generated by a point '^uttie-nsn. mourning.
in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled Cyprian, sip-'rl'-an, n. A native of Cyprus; a lewd
along a straight line, keeping always in the same woman; harlot. a. Pert, to the island of Cyprus,,
plane. —
Cycloid'al, a. Pert, to, etc. Cy'done, — renowned for the worship of Venus; pert, to lewd-
-klon, n. A
rotatory storm or whirlwind of ex- ness, or those who practice it.
tended circuit. —
Cyclope'dia, -pae'dia, -pe'dT-a, ?i. Cyst, sist, n. (P/n/siol.) A pouch or sac, withotit
—
The circle or compass of the arts and sciences, or of opening, containing morbid matter. Cysfic, a.
human knowledge a dictionary of arts and sci- Having the form of, or living in, etc.; contair.ii\g,
ence* ; encyclopedia.
;

—
Cycloped'ic, a. Pert, to the pert, to, or contained in, etc. —
Cys''tocele, -sel, n.
circle of th"e sciences, or to a cyclopedia ; enc3'clo- Hernia of the urinary bladder.
pcrtic. Czar, Tzar, ziir, n. A "king; chief; a title of the em-
Cyclopean, si-klo-pe'an, a. Pert, to the Cj'clops, a peror of Russia. —
Czarina, za-re''na, n. Title of the
mythical race of one-eyed giants in Sicily; "gigantic; empress of Russia. —
Czarowitz, zSr'o-wits, n.
vast and rough massive. (Arch.) Pert, to the
; Title of the eldest son of the czar of Russia.
earliest buildings found in Greece, consisting of Czarev'na, -na, ?;. Wife of the czarowitz.
roughly-hewn, uncemented rocks. Czech, tchek, n. One of a branch of the Slavonic race,
Cygnet, sig/net, w. A young swan. including the Bohemians, Hannacks (or Moravians),
( Geom.)
Cylinder, sil'in-der, n. solid body which A and Slovacks.

D.
D, de. The 4th letter in the English alphabet. (31us.) bles, 1 long, followed by 2 short, or 1 accented fol-
• The 2d note of the scale, corresponding to 7?e. lowed by 2 unaccented.
Dab, dab, r. «. [DAiiBEn (dabd), i>.\ijbi.\g.1 To strike Dad, Daddy, dad'dT, »i. Father, — a word used by
gently, as with the hand or a soft or moist substance. children. —
Dad'dy-long-legs, n. A spider having a
—n. A gentle blow; sudden hit; a lump of anything small round bodj', and very long, slender legs; the
soft, with which somotliing is dabbed: a smiill, flat crane-fly.
fish. —
Dab'ber, n. That with which one dabs; an
— Dado, da'do, ??. (Arch.) The die or square part in the
implement used in printing, stereotyping, etc. middle of the pedestal of a column; that part of an
Dab'ble, v. t. [dabbled (-bid), -blino.] To wet by apartment between plintli and impost molding; an
little dips or strokes, moisten. v. i. To play in — arrangement of moldings, or a border of wood or
water, as with the hands; to work in a superficial paper, around the lower part of the walls of a room.
manner, touch here and there, tamper, meddle. Daffodil, daf'fo-dil, w. (Bot.), A plant of the genus
Dab, Dabster, dab'ster, n. One skilled at his business. having a bulbous root, and beautiful flow-
A'«/x'7.<.s?/s,
Dabchick. dab'chik, n. A
water-fowl allied to the ers,usually yellow.
grebe; dipchick; didapper; dobchick; a babyish per- Daft, daft, a. Delirious; insane; foolish.
son. Dag, dag, ?i. A
dagger; poniard; a kind of pistol for-
Da capo, da-ka'po. (Mus.) A
direction to return to, merly used. —
Dag^ger, ti. A
short sword; poniard.
and end with, the first strain, indicated by D. C. — (Print.) A mark of reference in the form of a dag-
Dace, das, n. A
river fish, of silvery color. ger [t], —
called also obelisk. v. t. —
To pierce with,
Dactyl, dak'til, n. (Pros.) A
poetical foot of 3 sylla- etc.; to stab.

sfin, cube, full ; moon, idbt ; cow, oil ; ligger or inlc, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DAG 94 DASH
Dag, dag, n. A loose end, as of locks of wool; a leath- — r.t. To cause to dance, dandle. n. A brisk —
er latchet. — Dag'-lock, «. A dirty lock of wool on amusement, in which the movements of persons are
a sheep. regulated by art, in figures and by the sound of in-
Daguerreotype, da-ger'o-tlp, n. A method of taking struments. (J/hs.) a tune by which dancing is reg-
pictures by photography, on plates of silvered cop- ulated. Dan'cer, n. — Dansense, dawx-sez', n. — A
per, etc.; p'icture so produced. v. t. —
[daguereeo- female dancer, esp. at a theater, etc.
TTPED (-tipt), -TYPING.] To represent by the photo- Dandelion, dan''de-li'un, n. A plant, with large yellow
graphic art, as a picture; to impress with great dis- compound flowers.
tinctness. Dander, dan'der, n. Corrupt, of Dandruff, q. v.
Dahlia, dal'j^a, n. A genus of flowering plants native Anger or vexation. [Low.]
to Mexico. Dandle, dan'dl, v. t. [dandled (-did), -dling.] To
Daily. Sec under Day. move up and down in att'ectionate play, as an in-
Daimio, di'mT-o, n. One of the feudal nobles of Japan. fant to caress, fondle to treat as a' child, toy
—
; ;

Dainty, dan'tT, a. Delicious to the taste; toothsome; with, pet. Dan'dy, -dT, n. One who affects finery
elegant in form, manner, or breeding; requiring in dress and manner; a fop coxcomb. Dan'dy- —
—
;

dainties over-nice
; fastidious ceremonious.
; n. ; ism, -izm, n. Manners and character of, etc.
That which is delicious, delicate, or Dandmff, dan'druf, -driff, -der, n. Scurf which
nice; delicacy.
Dairy, da'rl, n. Place where milk is kept, and made
forms on the head, and comes off in scales.
into butter or cheese; business of making butter Danger, dan'jer, n. Exposure to injury, loss, pain,
and cheese. etc.; peril; hazard risk; jeopardy. —Dan'gerotiF, ;

Dais, da-'is, n. A raised floor at the upper end of the -us, o. Attended with, or causing danger. Dan'- —
dining-hall; upper table of a dining-hall; seat with gerously, «di'. Dan'gerousness, n. —
a canopy for those at the high table. Dangle, dan''gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To hang
Daisy, da'^zt, n. A
common spring flower. loosely, or with a waving, swinging, or jerking mo-
Dale, dal, ?i. A low place between hills; vale; valley. tion. V. t. —
To cause to dangle; to swing.
Dally, dal'lt, v. i. [dallied (-lid), -lying.] To waste Dank, dank, a. Damp; moist; humid; wet.
time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in Dapper, dap-'per, a. Little and active; nimble; neat
idleness and trifles; to linger, delay; to interchange in dress; smart.
caresses; to use fondling or wantonness. Dal'- — Dapple, dap'pl, a. Marked with spots of different
liance, -iT-ans, n. Act of, etc. shades of color; variegated. n. One of the spots
Dam, dam, n. A female parent, — used of beasts, or on a dapple animal. v. t. [dappled (-pld), -pling.] —
of a woman, in contempt. To variegate, spot.
Dam, dam, n. A mole, bank of earth, wall, etc., to ob- Dare, dar, (derst), daring.] To have
v. i. [duest
struct the flow of water. — v.t. [dammed (damd), sufficient courage; to be bold enough; to venture.
BAMMING.] To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a — v.t. [dared (dard), d.\eing.] To have courage
dam; to .shut up, confine. for, venture to do; to profess courage to meet; to
Damage, dam'ej, n. Any permanent injury to person, challenge, provoke, defy, brave. — Darling, a. —
property, or reputation; hurt; loss; mischief; detri- Dar'ingly, ac/i7. Dare'nlevil, 7i. — A rash, venture-
ment. 'j)l. (Lcno.) A
compensation or indemnitj' to some fellow.
one party, for a wrong or injury done by another. Dark, dark, n. Destitute of light; not reflecting or
V. t. [DAMAGED (-ejd), -AGixG.] To inflict injury radiating light; obscure; not easily seen through;
upon, hurt, impair. —
Dam'^ageable, a. Damn, — mysterious hidden destitute of knowledge and
; ;

dam, V. t. [DAMNED (damd), damning (damping or culture; unrefined; evincing foul traits of charac-
•dam^ning).] To condemn; to adjudge to punish- ter; vile; wicked foreboding evil; gloomj^; suspi-
;

ment or death; to censure. (T/ieol.) To condemn to cious. —

n. Absence of light; obscurity; condition
punishment in the future world. To condemn as of ignorance secrecy. -- Darken, dark-'n, v. t.
;

Dad, by hissing, etc. —

Damned, damd, in serioug dis- [-ENED (-nd), -ENING.J To make dark or black,
course dam'ned, p. a. Sentenced to punishment in obscure, render dim, deprive of vision; to render
a future state; hateful; abominable. Damna''tion, — ignorant or stupid; to render less clear 6r intelli-
-na'shun, n. {Theol.) Condemnation to eternal pun- gloom upon; to make foul, sully.
gible; to cast a
ishment. — Dam'nable, a. Worthy of, etc.; odious. V. To grow dark or darker. — Dark'ener,"*;!.
i.

Damascene, dam'as-sen, Dam'son, -zn, n. kind of A Dark'ish, a. Somewhat dark dusky dim. —
plum. —Dam'^ask, a. Pert, to, originating at, or Dark'ly, ac/v. —
Dark''ness, h. State of being, etc.;
; ;

like, the manufactures of Damascus; having the obscurity gloom secrecy state of ignorance or ;

— ;
;

color of the daniask rose. n. A stuff with raised error; wickedness; impurity; want of clearness or
figures, woven in the loom, —
orig. made at Da- perspicuity; calamity; perplexity. Dark'TJng, a. —
mascus, of rich silk, now made of silk intermin- In the dark. —
Dark'^^some, -sum, a. Dark; gloomy;
gled with flax, cotton, or wool; linen woven in imi-
—
obscure. Dark'y, -T, n.— A negro.
tation of the figures in damask silk. v. t. [dam- Darling. See under Dear.
asked (-askt), -ASKING.] To decorate with orna- Darn, darn, v. t. [darned (damd), darning.] To
mental figures, as silk with raised flowers, etc., or mend, as a hole, by imitating the texture of the
steel with etchings, or inlaid devices; to embellish, stuffwith thread and a needle. n. A place —
variegate. mended bj' darning.
Dame, dam, n. A lady in rank or culture; the mis- Darn, darn,\'. t. A
substitute for the profane damn.
tress of a family in common life; mistress of a com- Darnel, dar'nel, n. A weed, rye-grass. —
mon school; a ihatron. —
Dam''s8l, -zel, n. young A Dart, dart, n. A weapon thrown by the hand; a
unmarried woman; girl. javelin; any missile weapon; anything that pierces
Damn, Damnable, etc. See under Damage. —
and wounds. v. t. To throw with a sudden
Damp, damp, a. Moderately wet; moist; humid. — n. thrust, hurl, launch; to throw suddenly or rapid-
Moisture; humidity; fog; dejection; depression; dis- ly to send, emit, shoot.
; 1\ i. To be let fir or
couragement. }iL {Mining.) Gaseous products, elim- launched; to start and run with velocity; to snoot
inated in coal-mines, wells, etc. v. t. [damped — rapidly along. n. —
A fish, the dace.
(dampt), DAMPING.] To moisten, make humid, ren- Darwinian, dar-win'T-an, a. Pert, to the theory of
der chilly, depress or deject, discourage. Dampen, — natural selection, struggle for existence, and sur-
dampen, v. t. or i. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make vival of the fittest* taught by Charles Darwin in his
or become moist. —
Damp'er, n. That which damps "Origin of Species" and other works. n. One —
or checks as a valve in a flue, to regulate the draught
; who believes, etc. an evolutionist. Dar'^winism, ; —
of air, or a contrivance in mechanism, to check some -win'^ianism, -izm, n. The doctrine of evolution.
action at a particular time. —
Damp'^ness, n. Mod- Dash, dash, v. t. [dashed (dasl\t), dashing.] To
erate humidity; moisture. throw with violence; to break, as by throwing or
Damsel. See under Dame. collision; to put to .shame, confound; to throw in
Damson. See under Damascene. or on in a rapid, careless manner, overspread par-
Dance, dans, v. i. [danced (danst), dais'cing.] To tially, touch here and there to form or sketch ;

move with measured steps, or to a musical accom- rapidly or carelessly to erase by a stroke, strike
paniment; to move nimbly op merrily, caper, frisk. out, obliterate. v. i. —
To rush or strike violently.
;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare j end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd- tone, ^r
 DASTARD 9S DEBARK
— n.Violent striking of two bodies; crash; sudden 24 hours; a specified time or period: dav of battle;
check: frustration; ruin; an admixture, infusion, successful contest; victory. —Daily, da-'lT, a. Hap.
or adulteration a partial overspreading a rapid pening or pert, to each successive day; diurnal; quai.
;

movement, quick blow, sudden onset; capacity for

;

tidian. —
adv. Every day; day by day. n. pul» — A
quick, bold movements against an enemy; avain lication appearing every day.
sliow or blustering parade; aflourish. {Pu»ctu<ition.) Daze, daz, r. t. [dazed (dazd), dazi.xg.] To over'
A mark or line, thus[— ], denoting a break, stop, or power with light, dazzle, confuse, bewilder. Daz- —
transition in a sentence, or a change in its construc- zle, daz'zl, r. t. [DAZZLED (-zld), -Zl.ING.J To
tion, a significant pause, or an unexpected turn of overpower with light to surprise with brilliancy
:

sentiment. {Mux.) A
mark [f] denoting that tlie or display of any kind. ?-, i. To be intensely; —
note is to be performed in a short, distinct manner; bright; to be rendered blind or dim by excess of
the line drawn through a figure in the thorougli- brightness. Daz'zUngly, -II, adv. —
bass, as a direction to raise that figure half a tone Deacon, de'kn, M. (Ecci.) In some communions, one
higher. {RuciiKj.) A single trial of speed, disting. —
admitted to a ^rade in the ministry lower than priest
fr. a /(««/.— Dash^er, n. That which, etc.; a dash- or elder; in otliers, a church olficer wjio assists the
board. — Dash'y, -T, a. Ostentatiously fashionable; pastor at the Lord's Supper, etc. Dea'coness. n. —
showy.— Dash'' ingly, adc. Conspieuou.sly Dash'- . — A
woman specially devoted to the ."service of the
board, -liord, n. A hoard on the front of a vehicle church caring for the sick, —etc. Dea'conry. -rT, —
to intercept mud, etc. -ship, Diaconate, di-ak'o-nat, n. Ofhce or ministry
Dastard, das'tard, n. One who meanly shrinks from of a deacon or deaconess.— Diac''onal,«. Pert, to, etc.
danger; coward; poltroon. —
o. Meanlj' shrinking; Dead, ded, a. Destitute of life jnit to death inani- ; ;

cowardly. mate resemblin°; death in appearance or quality ;

;

Data, da'ta, «. jih Facts given or admitted; ground without show of life; without motion; inactive; un-
of inference or deduction. —
Da'tum, n. Something productive unprofitable dull; monotonous or un-
; ;

given, esp. as a standard; a dutum-line, a horizontal varied; producing death; sure as death; wanting in
line or level, from which surface points are reck- religious spirit. (Laiv.) Cut off from the rights of
oned in surveying. —Date, dat, n. Specification of a citizen, or property holder. {Ewjin.) Not impar-
the time when a writing, coin, etc., was executed; ting motion or power. adv. To a degree resem- —
precise period or time of; epoch; end; conclusion; bling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly.
duration; continuance. v. t.— To note the time n. —
The most quiet or d^ath-like time period of ;

of writing or executing; to fix the time of; to refer profoundest repose or gloom, pi. Those who are
to as a starting point. —
v. i. To have beginning, dead; the departed. Dead'ly, -IT, a. Capable of —
haveadate. — Da'tive, -tiv, )i. (Law.) That which causing death; mortal; fatal; destructive; willing to
maj- be given or disposed of at pleasure. (Gram.) destroy; implacable. adv. So as to resemble, or to —
The case of a noun which expresses the remoter cause, death; mortally; implacably. Dead'^liness, —
object, generally indicated in English by to or for n. —
Dead''ness, 7i. State of being or seeming dead;
with the objective. a. (Law.) Capable of being inertness; coldness; indifference. Dead''en, ded'n,' —
disposed of at will and pleasure; removable, as di-s"- V. t. [-ENED (-lid), -ENING.] To impair in vigor,
ting. fr. perpetual, —
said of an officer; given by a force, or sensibility; to lessen the velocity or mo-
magistrate, as disting. fr. being cast upon a party mentum of, retard; to make spiritless; to deprive of
by the law. Pert, to the dative. gloss or brilliancy.
Date, dat, n. The fiuit of the date-palm. —
Date'- Deaf, def or def, a. Wanting the sense of hearing: un-
-palm, -pam, -tree, n. The genus of willing to hear not tobe persuaded. Deafen,
; —
palms bearing dates. I', t. [-EX ED (-nd), -ENING.] To make deaf, stun.
Daub, dawb, v. t. [daubed (dawbd), (Arch.) To render impervious to sound, as a floor,
DAUCi.NG.] To smear with soft, ad- by fiUing the space beneath it with mortar, etc. —
hesive matter; to plaster to paint in
; Deafjiess, ?;.— Deaf ''-mute, n. One deaf and dumb.
a coarse or unskillful manner to dis-
; Deal, del, ;-. /. [dealt (delt), dealing.] To divide,
guise, conceal. — n. A
viscous, sticky distribute to throw out or bestow successively or
:

application. (Pmnt.) A picture coarse- indiscriminately. v. i. To make distribution to — ;

ly executed. traffic, trade, cxrry on business to act, have trans-

Daughter. daw'tPr, n. A
female child or -^ actions with, matiage, treat. n. part or portion; — ;

A
descendant. — Daugh'terly, -IT, «. Be- an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent; division
coming a daughter: filial.- Daugh'ter- Date tree, or distribution of carcls; portion distributed divis- ;

in-law, «. Tlie wife of one's son. ion of a timber by sawing a pine, or fir board or ;

Daant. diint, v. t. To repress or subdue the courage plank; wood of the pine or fir. DeaKer, w. One —
of, dismay, appall, intimidate. —
Daunfless, a. In- who deals; a trader. DeaKing, n. !>Ianner of treat- —
capaljle of being, etc.; bold; intrepid. ing others; trade; distribution, as of cards.
Dauphin, daw'fin, n. The eldest son of the king of Dean, den, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate
France, and heir of tlie crown. —
Dau'phiness, n. to a bishop; an officer in universities; nead or secre-
Wife (if the dauphin. tary of a college faculty. Dean'ery, -er-T, n. Office, — —
Davenport, dav'en-port, n. A writing-table. revenue, residence, or jurisdiction, of a dean.
Davit, diiv'it or da'vit, n. (Na}it.) A
spar used on Dean'' ship, n. Office of etc. Dec'anal, «. Pert, , —
ships, as a crane to hoistthe anchor to a deanery.
to tlie top of the bow. pi. Arms Dear, der, n. Bearing a high price costly marked ; ;

projecting over a ship's side or by scarcity, and exorbitance of price highly val- ;

stern, liaving tackle to raise a boat ued; much esteemed greatly beloved precious.- : :

by. atv. Dearly: at a high rate.' )i. A dear one; dan —

Davy-lamp, da'vT-lamp, n. A lan- ling. —
Dear''ly, ac^'.- Dear''ness, i/.— Darling, dar''..
tern whose light is inclosed within ling, a. Dearly beloved; regarded with tender fond-
wire gauze, as a protection against
—
ness: favorite. n. One who is, etc. —
Dearth, derth, —
explosions of gases in mines, n. Scarcity, rendering dear; want; famine; barren-
invented by Sir Humphrey Z>a(v/. ness; poverty.
Daw, daw, n. A bird of the crow Davits. Dearborn, der''bern, n. lisht 4-wheeled carriage. A
family; jackdaw. Death, deth, n. Cessation of bodily life decease ; de- ;

Dawdle, daw'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -DUNG.] To mise; dissolution; exit; total privation or loss; man-
waste time in trifling employment, trifle. v.t To — ner of dying cause, agent, or instrument of loss of
;

waste by trifling. life; a skeleton, as the symbol of death danger of ;

Dawn, dawn, v. i. [dawned (dawnd), dawning.] To death. —

Death'^less, a. Not subject to death or de-
begin to grow light in the morning, or to open and struction; immortal. Death'ly, -IT, a. Resembling —
give promise, as the understanding or character. death or a dead body; deadly; fatal.
n. The break of day; first appearance of light; first Debar, de-bar'', v. t. [-barred f-bard), -barring.] To
opening or expansion; beginning. cut off from entrance, as if by a bar or barrier ; to
Day, da, n. The period from sunrise to sunset; period shut out, exclude, deny, refuse.
of the earth's revolution on its axis, —
divided into Debark, de-bark'', v. t. [-barked (-barkt), -barking.J

sun, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN- chair, get.
 DEBASE 96 DECIPHER
. To land from a ship or boat, disembark. — v. i. To To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or per-
leave a vessel and pass to the land. fect state, to one of imperfection, weakness, or dis-
Debase, de-bas', u. t. [-based (-bast'), -basing.] To solution; to fail; to rot. —
v. t. To impair, bring to a
reduce to a lower state of worth, dignitj', purity, worse state. —
n. Gradual failure of health, sound-
etc. to abase, degrade, lower.— Debase'ment, ii. Act
; ness, prosperity, etc. decline. —
Deca'dence, -dency,
;

of or state of being debased degradation. ; -sT, ji. Decay; fall; deterioration. Deciduous, -sid'- —
Debate, de-baf, n. Contention in words or argu- u-us, «. Of temporary existence; shed yearly, as
ments ; dispute : controversy. — v. t. To fight or leaves or antlers; not perennial or permanent.
strive for, contend for in words or arguments, con- Decease, de-ses', w. Departure, esp. departure Jrom
test, argue, dispute. v. i. —
To engage in strife or this life; death; demise. v. i. —
[deceased (-sesf),
combat, contend, struggle, deliberate. deceasing.] To die.
Debauch, de-bawch'', r. t. F-bauched (-bawcht), Deceive, de-sev', v. t. [-ceived (-sevd'), -ceiving.]
-B.\ucniNG.] To corrupt in cnaracter or principles ; To lead into error, impose upon, delude, insnare,
to vitiate, pollute, seduce. n. Excess in eating or — disappoint. —Deceit, -set', n. Attempt or disposi-
drinking drunkenness gluttony lewdness an tion to deceive; deception; fraud; imposition. De- —
—
; ; ; ;

act of debauchery. Debauchee, deb-o-she'', n. A ceit'ful, -lul, a. Trickish; fraudulent. —Decep'-

sensual or dissipated person; rake; libertine. De- — tion, -sep'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. that ;

baucher, -bawch-'er, n. Debauch^ery, -er-T, n. Cor- — which, etc.; deceit. —Decep'tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rT,
ruption of fidelity indulgence of the appetites; in- a. Tending to, etc.; misleading.
temperance; lewdness.
;

I)ebauch.''ment, ?i. Act of — December, de-sem'ber, n. The 12th or last month in

debauching. the j'ear. —
Decem'vir, -ver, m. ; E. ;)Z. Decemvirs,
Debenture, de-ben''chur, w. A writing acknowledg- -verz, L. pi. -viri, -vTT-ri. One of 10 magistrates, who
ing a debt a custom-house certificate entitling an
; had absolute authority in ancient Rome. Decem'- —
exporter of imported goods to a drawback. viral, -vT-ral, a. Pert, to, etc.
'
—
Decem'virate, -rat,
Debilitate, de-biKT-tat, v. t. To make feeble, faint, ti. Office or term of office of, etc.; a body of 10 men
or languid to weaken, relax.
; Debil'lty, -tt, n. — in authority. —
Decen'nary, -sen'na-rT, n. A period
State of being feeble, or weak languor infirmity; ; ; of 10 }"ears. (Law.) A tithing consisting of 10 neigh-
imbecility. boring families. —
Decen'nial, -nT-al, a. Consisting
Debit, deb'it, n. A
recorded item of debt; debtor side of, or liappening once in, etc. —
Decillion, -siKj^un, 7i.
of an account debt. v. t.; —
To charge with debt ; A number consisting, by English notation, of a mil-
enter on the debtor side. Debt, det, n. That which — lion involved to the lOtii power, or 1 with 60 ciphers
is due from one to another; obligation; liability; a annexed by French or common notation, a thous-
;

duty neglected or violated; fault; crime; trespass. and involved to the 11th power, or 1 with S.3 ciphers.
Debfor, -er, n. One who owes another money, goods, See Numeration. —DecilKionth, -yunth, a. Pert,
or services; one indebted. to, etc.; preceded by a decillion less one. n. The —
Debris, da-bre'', n. (Geol.) Fragments, taken collec- quotient of 1 divided by, etc. one of a decillion
tively; esp., fragments from a mountain, piled up at equal parts. —
DecigramI des'T-gram, n. decimal
;

A
the base. _RubDish; remains; ruins. measure of weight equal to 1-lU of a gram, or 1.5438
Debut, da-boo', h. A
beginning or first attempt; first grains Troy. —
Deciliter, de-sil'T-ter or des'T-le-ter,
appearance, as of an actor, public speaker, etc. — H. A decimal measure of capacity 1-10 liter 6.1028 = =
Debutant, -taN', ??. One who makes his first appear- cu. inches. —
Dec'imal. des'l-mal, a. Pert, to deci-
ance before the public. Debutante, -taNt', ?i. — A mals; numbered or proceeding by tens.— 7i. num- A
woman who, etc. [F.] ber expressed in the scale of tens; decimal number;
Decade, dek'ad, n. The sum or number of 10. Dec'- — esp. decimal fraction. Decimalfractions. Fractions
agon, n. (Geom.) A plane figure of 10 sides and 10 whose denominator is some power of lOj as ^-^'
angles. —
Dec'agram, ti. A decimal weight of 10 t^^»
grams, or 154.38 grains Tror. Decahe'dron, n. ; pi. — and is not usually expressed, but is signified hy a
—
-DRA, -dra. (Geom.) A solid figure having 10 sides. point at the left of the numerator, as .2, .25. Cir-
—Decahe'dral, a. Having 10 sides. Decaliter, de- — culating or circulatory decimal. decimal fraction A
kaKl-ter or dek'a-li-ter, n. A decimal measure of in which the same figure, or set of figures, is con-
capacity, containing 10 liters, or G10.28 cu. inches stantly repeated; as, 0.354;-!54354; called also ?'ecu)vm£f
2 gallons and 64.44 cu. in. Dec'alogue, -log, n. The — decimal. —Dec'imate, v. t. To take the tenth part
10 commandments. —
DecaKogist, -jist, n. One who of, tithe; to select by lot and kill every tenth man
explains the decalogue. Decam'eron, ?i. work — A of; to destroy a certain portion of Decimeter, de- .
—
comprised in 10 books esp. a collection of tales of sim'e-ter or des'T-me-ter, n. A decimal measure of
Boccaccio. —
;

Decameter, de-kam'e-ter o/- dek'a-me- length =

1-10 meter 3.9371 inches. = Decime, da- —
ter, M. A decimal measure of length 10 meters = = sem', n. A French coin =
1-10 franc, about 2 cents.
393.71 inches. — Decan'drous, -drus, a. (Bot.) Hav- — Decister, des'is-ter, n. A solid measure, the 1-10
—
ing 10 stamens. Dec'apod, n. (Zool.) A crustacean of a stere, or cubic meter =
3.5317 cu. feet. Decu'- —
with 10 feet or legs, as crabs, lobsters, etc. Dec'- — rion, -rl-un, n. A Roman officer commanding 10 sol-
BiSter, n. A
decimal solid measure 10 steres 10 = = diers. — [See also under Decade.]
-cu. meters =353.166 cu. inches.— Dec'astich, -stik, n. Decent, de'sent, a. Suitable in words, behavior, dress,
A poem consisting of 10 lines. Dec'astyle, -stil, n. — and ceremony; free from obscenity; modest; mod-
{Arch.) Abuilding having a portico with 10 col- erate, but competent; respectable. De'centness, n. —
umns in front. —
Dec'asyllab'ic, -sil-lab'ik, a. Con- — De'cency, -sY, n. State or quality of being decent;
sisting of 10 syllables.— Decouple, -u-pl, a. Tenfold; proper formality modesty what is becoming.
; ;

multiplied by 10. )i. —

number 10 times repeated. A Deception, Deceptive, etc. See under Deceive.
— r. t. To make tenfold; to multiply by 10. [See — Decide, de-sid', v. t. To determine the result of, settle,
further under Decejibee.] end, conclude. v. i. —
To determine, form a defi-
Decadence, -dency. See under Decay. nite opinion, come to a conclusion, give decision.—
Decamp, de-kamp', i: i. [-camped (-kamf), -camp- Decid'ed, n. Free from ambiguity; unequivtjcal; free
ing.] To move away from a camping-ground, de- from doubt or wavering; determined; positive; un-
part suddenly. —
Decamp'ment, n. Departure from, deniable; clear. —
Decid'edly, adv. Decid'er, n.— —
etc.; a marching off. Decid'able, a. Capable of being, etc. Decis'ion, —
Decanal. See under Dean. -sizh'un, n. Act of settling or terminating, as a con-
Decant, de-kant', v. t. To pour off gently, as liquor troversy; determination; conclusion; account or re-
from its sediment; to pour from one vessel into an- port of a conclusion, esp. of a legal adjjudication;
other. —
Decant'er, n. A vessel used to decant liq- quality of bein^ decided; prompt and fixed deter-
—
uors or receive decanted liquors; one who decants. mination. Deci'sive, -siv, a. Having the power or
Decapitate, de-kap'T-tat, v. t. To cut off the head of, quality of deciding a question, etc. marked by ;

behead. —
Decap'ita'tiqn, n. Act of, etc. promptness and decision; final; conclusive; positive.
Decarbonize, de-kar'bon-iz, ?-. t. T-ized (-izd),-iziNG.] Deciduous. See under Decay.
To deprive of carbon. — Decar'burize, -bu-riz, v. t. Decipher, de-si'fgr, v. t. [-phered (-ferd). -phering.]
Same as Decarbonize. To translate from a cipner into intelligible terms; to
Decay, de-ka', v. i. [decayed (-kad'), decaying.] find out the meaning of, reveal.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r i
 — ;

DECK 97 DEEP
Deck, dek, v. t. [decked (dckt), decking.) To cover, — Decorous, de-ko'rus or dek'o-rus, a. Suitable to
overspread; to dress, clothe, esp. to clothe with ele- the time, place, and occasion becoming: proper;
;

gance, array, adorn; to iurnish with a deck, as a seemly. — Decorously, dc-ko'- or dek-'o-, wlv. — De-
vessel. —
n. The floor-like covering of a .ship; a pack corousness, de-ko'- or dek'o-, n. — Deco'rum, n.
of cards. Proprietv of speech, manner, etc.; dignity.
Declaim, de-klam'', v. i. [-cl.\imed (-klaind'), -ci..\im- Decoy, de-coi', V. <. [-coved (-koid'), -coyi.vg.] To
i>G.] To speak rhetoricallv, make a fornial oration, entice into a snare, lead into danger by artifice, en-
harangue; to speak or talk pumpoii>lv and elabo- trap, insnare.^«. Anything intended to lead into
rately; to rant. v. t.—To utter in public, deliver in a snare; esp. a sportsman's lure to entice birds into
a rhe'torical or set manner. —
Declama'tion, n. Act a net or witliin shot; a place into which wild fowls
or art of, etc.; a set speech; rhetoric il display, with are enticed.
—
more sound than sense. Declam''atory, -ti>-rl, o. Decrease, de-kres', v. i. [-cre.4SED (-krest''), -cp.ea.s-
—
Pert, to, etc.; characterized by rhetorical display; ING.] To become less, be diminished gradually.
without solid sense or argument. V. t. To cause to lessen, make less. — n. A becom-
Declare, de-klar', v. t. [-cl.^ked (-klard''), -clakikg.] ing less; gradual diminution decav; wane, as of
;

To make known publicly, publish, proclaim; to as- —

the moon. Dec'rement, n. State of becoming grad-
sert, affirm. (Com.) To make full statement of, as ually less; quantitj'lost by waste, etc. Decres'cent, —
of goods liable to taxes, duties, etc. —
v. i. To make -kres'ent, a. Decreasing. —
Dccres-
a declaration, proclaim one's self. {Law.) To state cendo, da-kres-en'do, a. (Mus.)
the plaintift's cause of action in legal form. De- — With decreasing volume of sound, Dccrescendo.
clat'edly, -ed-lT, ac/r. Avowedh'; explicitly. Dec- — — a direction to performers, written
lara'tion, n. Act of declaring; thing declared; doc- upon the staff, or indicated as in the margin. [It.]
ument by which an assertion is veritied. (Law.) Decree, de-krc', n. An order or decision bj^ a court or
That part of the process or pleadings setting forth other competent authority; law; statute; ordinance;
the plaintiff 's cause of complaint; the narration or edict. —V. t. [^deckeed (-kred"), -ckeeixg.] To de-
counts. —
Declar''ative, -kiar'a-tiv, -atory, -to-rl, a. termine judicially by authority, or bv decree; to
Making declaration, etc.; explanatory; assertive; af- appoint. —
V. i. To decide authoritatively, determine

— —
firmative. decisively. Decre'tal, a. Containing, or pert, to, a
Decline, de-klTn', v. [-clixed (-klind'), -clixing.]
i. decree. n. An authoritative order or decree; esp.
To bend over or hang down, as from weakness, a letter of the pope, determining some question in
•weariness, despondency, etc.; to tend towards a ecclesiastical law; a collection of the pope's decrees.
close or extinction; to' fail, sink, decay to turn ;
— Decre'^tist, n. One versed in the decretals.
aside, deviate, stray ; to refuse. — v. t. To bend Decrepit, de-krep^it, a. Wasted or worn by the in-
downward, dej)ress;' to turn away from, refuse to firmities of old age. [Incorrectly written c/e«-epiV?.};
comply with, reject courteously, shun, avoid. — Decrep''itate, -tat, v. t. To roast or calcine, so as
(Gram.) To inflect in order in the changes of gram- to cause a continual explosion or crackling. v.i^ —
matical form. — n. Afalling off; tendency to a worse To crackle, as salts when roasting.
state; deterioration. (Med.) That period of a dis- Decrescendo, Decrescent. See under Deckease.
order when the symptoms abate in violence; a grad- Decretal, etc. See under Deckee.
ual wasting away of the physical faculties. Decay; Decry, de-kri'', v. t. [-cried (-krid'), -crying.] To-
—
consumption.— i)ecliii''er, M. Declin''able, a. That cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless;
may be declined; admitting of inflection. Declen- — to'depreciate, detract, disparage. —
Decri'al, n. Clam-
sion, -klen'shun, «. Declination; descent; slope; a orous censure; condemnation by censure.
falling off from excellence; deterioration; decay; act Decuple. See under Decade.
of courteously refusing; declinature. (Gram.) In- Decurion. See under December.
flection of a wordj according to grammatical forms; Decussate, de-kus'sat, v. t. To cross at an acute
the form of the inflection of a word declined by angle; to intersect or lie upon in the form of an X.
cases. —
Dec'linate, -ll-nat, a. (Bot.) Bending down- — Decus'sate, -sated, a. Crossed; intersected. (Bot.y
ward, in a curve; curved downward; declined. Growing in pairs, each at right angles to the pair
Declina'^tion, n. Act or state of bending downward, above or below. (Rhet.) Consisting of 2 rising and
or of falling otf from excellence, or of deviating or 2 falling clauses, in alternate opposition to each,
turning aside; obliquit}'; withdrawal. (Gram.) Act other.
of inflecting a word through its various termina- Dedicate, ded''t-kat, v.t. To set apart and consecrate,
tions. —
Declin''alK)ry, -klin^a-to-rt, a. Containing a as to a divinity, or for a sacred purpose; to devote,,
refusal. —
Declin'ature, -klTn'a-chur, n. Act of put- or give wholly or earnestly up to; to inscribe or ad-
—
ting away or refusing. Declivity, -kliv'I-tl, n. De- dress, as to a patron. —
a. Set apart; consecrated:
viation from a horizontal line; descent of surface; dedicated. —Dedica'tion, n. Act of, etc. Ded'ica- —
inclination downward; a descending surface; slope. tory, -to-rl, -to'rial, -ri-al, a. Composing or serving-
— Declivous, -kli'vus, -cllvitous, -kliv'l-tus, a. Grad- as a dedication.
ually descending; sloping. Deduce, de-dus', v. t. [-duced (-dusf), -ducixg.] Ta
Decoct, de-kokf, v. t. To prepare by boiling, make derive by logical process; to obtain as the result of
an infusion of, prepare for assimilation by the heat reasoning, infer. — Dedu'cible. -sT-bl, a. Deduct, —
of the stomach, digest. —
Decoc'tion, n. Act of pre- -dukt'', r. t. To take away, in calculating; subtract,.
paring by boiling^; an extract prepared by boiling. — Deduc'tion, n. Act or method of deducing, in-
Decollate, de-koKlat, v. t. To sever the neck of, be- ferring, or concluding; act of deducting or taking
head, decapitate. —
Dicollet^, da'kol-le-ta', a. Leav- away; that deduced; inference; conclusion; that de-
—
ing the neck and shoulders bare; low-necked, as a ducted; part taken away; abatement. Deduct'ive.
dress. [F.] -iv, a. Of, or pert, to, deduction capable of being
;

Decompose, de-kom-poz', v. t. [-po.sed (-pozd'), -pos- deduced from premises; deducible.

—
—
Deducfively,
ing.] To separate the constituent parts of, set free adv. Dedu'cive, -siv, a. Performing the act of de-
from chemical combination, resolve into original duction.
elements. —
v. i. To become resolved from existing Deed, ded, n. That which is done, acted, or effected;
combinations; to undergo dissolution. — Decomposi- an act illustrious act
; achievement exploit
; ;

tion, -zish'un, n. Act of, etc.; analysis; state of power of action agency; etticiency. (Law.) A
;

being separated; release from previous combinations. sealed instrument in writing, containing some
Decompound, de-kom-powud'', v. t. To compound or transfer, bargain, or contract, esp. in regard to real
mix with that already compound; to reduce to con- estate. —
v. t. To convey or transfer by deed.
stituent parts, decompose. —
a. Compound of what Deem, dem, v. t. [deemed (demd), deeming.] To-
is already compounded. (Bot.) Several times com- conclude on consideration; to think, judge, regard.
pounded or divided, as a leaf or stem. — Decom- — I'. i._ To be of opinion, think, estimate.
poB'ite, -poz^it^ a. Compounded more than once. Deep, dep, a. Extending far below the surface; of
Decorate, dek'o-rat, v. t. To adorn, embellish, orna- great perpendicular dimension; extending far back
ment, beautify. —
Decora'tion, n. Act of aecora- from the front; low in situation; hard to penetrate
ting; that which enriches or beautifies; ornament.— or comprehend; mysterious; profound; secret; of
Dec'orative, -tiv, a. Suited to embellish; adorning. penetrating or far-reaching intellect thoroughly ;

stin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 DEER y« DEFT
versed profoundly moving or affecting; penetra-
; claim of a plaintiff; to contest, as a suit. Defend'- —
ting; thorough; profoundlj' quiet or dark; unmixed; ant, 71. One who makes defense against evil defend- ;

sunk low depressed abject strongly colored

; ; ; er. (Law.) The party opposing a complaint, demand,
— — or charge, at law or in equity. — Defen'sative,
;

dark; intense; of low tone; grave; heavy. adv.

To a great depth; far down; profoundly; deeply. -sa-tiv, 71. That which serves to guard or defend,
n. That which is deep, esp. deep water; the ocean; as a plaster for a wound. Defense', -fence', n. —
that which is profound most quiet or _profound ; Act of, state of being, or that which, etc.; protec-
part; the midst; the depth. — Deep''en, ^ep'o, v. «. tion ; guard fortification apology justification.
; ; ;

—
[-ENED (-nd), -ENING.] To make deep or increase (Law.) The defendant's answer or plea. De-
the depth of, make darker or more intense, more fense'less, -fence'less, a. Destitute of defense; un-
poignant or affecting, or more grave or low in tone. protected. — Defen'sible, -sl-bl, a. Capable of be-
—
v.i. To become more deep. Depth, n. Deep- — ing defended. —
Defen'sive, -siv, n. Serving to dec
ness; measure of deepness; a deep, or the deepest, or fend; proper for defense carried on by resisting
the niiddle, part, —
as, depth of winter. attack; in a state or posture to defend. n. That
;

—
Deer, der, n. sing, and pi. ruminant quadruped of A which defends; a safeguard.
several species, the males Defer, de-fer', v. i. [-fekked (-ferd'), -fereing.] To
of which haveantlers. put off, postpone to a future time, delay, adjourn,
Deface, de-las', v. t. protract. — v. i. To put oft', delay, wait.
[defaced (-lasf), -FA- Defer, de-fer', v. t. To lay before, submit respect-
CING.] To destroy or mar fully, refer. — v. i. To yield from respect to the
the face or external ap- wishes of another. —
Deference, n. A yielding of
pearance of; to disfigure; judgment or preference to the opinion of another;
to spoil by obliterating regard; respect. —
Deferen'tial, -shal, a. Express-
important features of. ing deference accustomed to defer.
;

De facto, de-f ak'to. Actu- Defiance, Defier, etc. See under Defy.
ally; in fact; existing. Deficient, Deficit, etc. See under Defect.
[L.] Defile, defil', n. A narrow way, in which troops can
Defalcate, de-fal'kat, v. t. march only in a file, or with narrow front ; a long,
To cut off, take away or narrow pass, as between hills, etc. v. i. To march. —
deduct part of, used of — off file by file; to file off.
money, accounts, etc. — Defile, de-ill', v. t. [-filed (-fild'), -filing.] To
Defalca'tion, n. cut- A make unclean, render foul or dirty, pollute, cor-
ting off; diminution; de- r>ppr rupt; to make impure or turbid; to sully; to tarnish,
liuki.
ficit; withdrawment; that as reputation, etc.; to vitiate ; to debauch, violate ;
cut off; an abstraction of money, etc., by an officer to make ceremonially unclean. Defil'er, n. De- — —
having it in charge; embezzlement. file'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; foulness;
Defame, de-fam'', v. t. [-famed (-famd'), -faming.] uncleanness; pollution.
To harm the good fame of by slanderous reports; Define, de-iin', v. t. [-fined (-find'), -fining.] To
to speak evil of, asperse, sland.er, calumniate. De- — bring to a termination to end ; to determine the ;

fam''er, 7t.— Defamation, def-a-ma'shun, n. Mali- boundaries of, mark the limits of to determine ;

cious circulation of reports injurious to another; with precision, fix the precise meaning of, explain,
slander; detraction; aspersion. Defam'^atory, -to- — expound or interpret. Defin'able, a, Definite, — —
ri, a. Containing defamation. def'I-nit, a. Having certain limits in extent, or in
Default, de-fawlf, n. Omission of what ought to be signification precise fixed ; exact serving to de-
; ;

done failure lack destitution. {Law.)

; ; ; neg- A fine or restrict.
;

—
Definitely, adv. Definiteness, —
lect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to se-
—
n.— Defini'tion, -nish'un, n. Act of defining, dis-
cure the benefit of law. v. i. To fail to appear in tinguishing, explaining, etc.; description of a thing
court; to let a case go by default. v. t. To fail to — by its properties explanation of the meaning of a
;

perform. (Law.) To call (one who should be pres- word or term. (Log.) An enunciation of the con-
ent in court), and make an entry of his default, if
—
stituents making up the logical essence. Defln'i- —
he fails to appear. Defaulfer, n. One who makes tive, -tiv, a. Determinate final ; conclusive ; un-
conditional. — n.
;

default or fails to appear in court when called; one G7-am.) A word used to define
(
who fails to account for money in his care; a delin- or limit the extent of the signification of a common
noun. — Defin'itively, adv. — Defin'itiveness, w.
.

quent; peculator.
Defeat, de-fet'', n. An overthrow, as of an attack, an Deflagrate, def 'la-grat, w. I. (CheTii.) To burn with a
army, etc. rout frustration.
; ;v. t. To render — sudden and sparkling combu-tion. v. t. To cause —
null and void to overcome or vanquish, as an
; to burn, etc. —
Deflagra'tion, ». sparkling com- A
army;to resist with success, ruin, frustrate. De- — bustion, without explosion. Def lagrator, n. —
feasance, -fe-'zans, n. A
rendering null or void. Deflect, de-flekt', v. i. To turn aside, deviate from a
(Law.) A
condition, relating to a deed, which be- right line, proper position or direction to swerve. ;
—
ing performed, the deed is defeated or rendered V. t. To cause to turn aside. Deflec'tion, n. Act of, —
void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time etc. ;deviation. (Naut.) Departure of a ship from
with a conveyance, containing conditions, on per- its true course. (Opt.) Deviation of the rays of
formance of which the estate then created may be light toward the surface of an opaque body. De- —
defeated. flexure, -flek'shur, n. A bending or turning aside.
Defecate, def'e-kaf, v. t. To clear from impurities, Deflour, -flower, d'e-flowr', v. t. [-flouked or flow-
as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify, purify; to free from ered (-flowrd'), -flouring or -flowering.] To
extraneous or polluting matter. v.i. (Med.) To — deprive of flowers ; to rob of the choicest ornament,
void excrement. —
a. Freed from anything that can esp. of virginity to ravish, seduce. Deflour'er, —
pollute; refined; purified. Defeca'^Mon, n. — -flower'er, n. —
;

Deflora'tion, n. Act of, etc.

Defect, de-fekf, n. Want of something necessary for Deforest, de-for'est, v. t. To clear of forests, destroy
completeness; failing; blemish; fault. Defecfive, — the trees of.
-iv, a. Wanting in substance, quantity, or quality Deform, de-f6rm', v. t. [-formed (-f6rmd'), -form-
incomplete; imperfect; faulty. (Gram.) Lacking ing.] To mar or alter in form, disfigure, render dis-
some of the usual forms of declension or conjuga- pleasing or ugly. —
Deform'ity, -t-tl, n. State of be-
tion. —
Defect 'ively, adv. —Defectiveness, n. De- — ing deformed want of symmetry ; irregularity of
;

fecation, n. Act of abandoning a person or cause shape or features anything destroying beauty,
to which one is bound; apostasy; backsliding. De- — ;

grace, or propriety; distortion ; defect absurdity. ;

fi^cient, -fish-'ent, a. Wanting to make up complete- Defraud, de-frawd', v. t. To deprive of right by

ness; not sufficient; inadequate; short. Defi'dence, — fraud, deception, or artifice; to withhold wrongfully,
-ciency, -sheurst, 71. State of being, etc.; want; fail- injure by embezzlement, cheat, deceive, frustrate.—
ure. —
Deficit, -t-sit, n. Deficiency in amount or Defraud'er, n.
quality; lack. Defray, de-tra', v. t. [-frayed (-frad'), -fraying.]
Defend, de-fend', v. t. To repel danger or harm To meet the cost of, bear the expense of.
from, guard from injury. (Law.) To deny, as the Deft, deft, a. Apt; fit; neat. Deft'ly, adv. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, &r j
 —

DEFUNCT 99 DELL
Defunct, de-funkt', a. Having finished the course of Erase, remove, —a direc-
Dele, de'le, r. t. (Print.)
life: dead; deceased. —
n. A dead person. which has been put in «.
tion to cancel something
Defy, de-fi', v. t. [defied (-fid''), -fvixg.] Orig., to type: usually expressed as in the margin.— />
renounce faith or obligation with, reject. To pro- Delete, -let', v. t. To blot out. erase, destroy. — '

voke to combat or strife to act in hostility to call

; ; Dele'tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Del'ete'rious, -rt-us, a.
out to combat, challenge, dare, brave. —Defi'ance, Destructive to life poisonous pernicious.
; ;

-ans, 7J. Act of, etc.; a challenge provocation; state ; Delectable, Delec^tion, etc. See under Delicate.
of opposition. —Defi 'ant, a. Full of, etc.; bold; in- Delegate, del'e-gat, v. t. To send as one's representa-
solent. tive to commission, depute to intrust to the care ;

—
;

Degenerate, de-jen'er-at, v. i. To be or grow worse or management of another, assign, commit. n.

than one's kind: to be inferior or degraded; to de- One deputed to represent another one elected to ;

teriorate. — a. Having deteriorated base : mean : represent the people of a territory in Congress, with
low. — Degen'erateness, 71. Degen^era'tion, De- — ;

the right of debating, but not of voting a deputy ; ;

gen'eracy, -si, n. Act of becoming, or state of hav- representative; commissioner: attornej'. a. Sent to —
ing become degenerate; decay; meanness: poorness. act for another. —
Delega'tion, n. Act of delega-
— Degen'erative, -ti v, a. Tending to degenerate. ting appointment of a delegate one or more per-
; ;

Deglutinate, de-glu''tT-nat, v. t. To loosen by dissolv- sons representing others, as in Congress, etc. (Law.)
ing tlie glue which unites; to unglue. A substitution by which a debtor gives a third per-
Deglutition, deg-lu-tish^'un, n. Act or power of swal- son, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor.
lowing. Delenda, Delete, Deleterious, etc. See under Dele.
Degrade, de-grad', v. t. To reduce to a lower rank or Delf, delf Delft, Delft'ware, n. Earthen ware, covered
,

degree; to deprive of office or dignity; to reduce in with white glazing,_— orig. made at Delft, Holland.
character or reputation; abase. {Geol.) To wear Deliberate, de-lib'er-a*i v. t. To weigh in the mind,
down, as hills and mountains. Degrad'ed, p. a. — consider maturely, reflect iipon, ponder. r. i. To —
Reduced in rank, character, etc.; sunken; low; base. take counsel with one's self, weigh the arguments
(Nut. Hist.) Presenting the typical characters in an for and against a proposed course of action, reflect,
imperfect condition. —
Degrad'ingly, adv. Deg- — consider. —
a. Weighing with a view to decision;
rada''tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. diminu- ; carefully considering probable consequences cir- ;

tion of strength, etficacj', or value. (Geol.) grad- A cumspect; formed with deliberation; well advised;
ual wearing down or wasting, as of rocks, banks, not hasty slow. ; —
Delib'erateness, w. Delib'era'- —
etc., by the action of water, frost, etc. tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Delib'erative, -tiv, a. Pert,
Degree, de-gre', w. One step upward or downward, to, or proceeding or acting by deliberation. Delib'- —
in quality, rank, acquirement, etc. grade grada- ; ; eratively, a'lv. In the way of deliberation.
tion; point of progression to which one has arrived; Delicate, del'T-kat, a. Full of pleasure; delightful;
station quality extent grade to which scholars
; : pleasing to the senses, or to a nice or cultivated taste;
;

are admitted in recognition of their attainments by softly tinted, —

said of color; fine or slender, said —
a college or university. (Genealogy.) A certain re- of thread; slight or smooth, light and yielding,— said
move in the line of d"e.scent, determining proximity of texture; soft and fair, —
said of the skin or a sur-
of blood. (Geom.) A 360tli part of the circumfer- face refined; scrupulous not ito olfend,
; said of —
ence of a circle. (Algebra.) State as indicated by manners or feelings; tender, not able to endure hard-
sum of exponents. A division, space, or interval, ship, —said of constitution, health, etc.; requiring
marked on a mathematical instrument, etc., as on a nice handling dainty ;nicely discriminating.
;
—
thermometer. (Miis.) Diiference in elevation be- Del'icacy, -ka-sl, n. State or condition of being del-
tween 2 notes. icate; agreeableness to the senses; nicety of form,
Dehort, de-horf, v. t. To urge to abstain from, dis- texture, or constitution; frailty or weakness, ex-
suade. treme propriety; susceptibility or tenderness; effem-
Deicide. Deify, etc. See under Deity. inac}' luxury; self-indulgence critical niceness
; ; ;

Deign, dan, v. i. [deigned (dand), deigning.] To that which is pleasing, delicate, or refined; a luxury
think worthj'', vouchsafe, condescend. v. t. To — or pleasure; thing pleasant to the senses, esp. to the
condescend to give. sense of taste a dainty. ; Del'icately, adv. — Del'- —
Deity, de'T-tl, n. The collection of attributes which icateness, n. —
Deli'cious, -lish'us, a. Affording ex-
make up the nature of a god; divinity godhead a quisite pleasure; most grateful to the senses, esp. to
god or goddess. The deity. God. the Supreme Being.
; ;

the taste. —
Deli'ciouBly, adv. Deli'ciousness, n. — —
— De'ist, n. One who
believes in the existence of a Delight, de-lit', ;*. A high degree of gratification of
God, but denies revealed religion; one who professes mind; livelj' happiness; joy; that which affords de-
no form of religion, hut follows nature and reason; light. —
V. t. To give great pleasure to to please ;

a freethinker. —
Deisfic, -ical, a. Pert, to deism or hi'ghlv.— r. i. To have or take delight.— Delight'ful,
to deists. —Deist'ically, adv. De'ism, -izm, n. — -lul, -some, -sum, a. Affording, etc. delicious
— ; ;

Doctrine or creed of, etc. —

De'ify, -t-ll, ?'. t. [-fied charming. —
Delight'fully, adv. Delight'fulness,
(-fid), -FYi.N'G.] To make a god of, apotheosize to «.— Delec'table, a. Delightful. Delec'tably, adv. —
— —
:

treat with supreme regard, render god-like. Deific, — Delec'tablenesSj n. Delecta'tion, n.

-ical, «. —
Making divine. De'ifica''tion, Ji. Act of,
— Delineate, de-lin'e-at, v. t. To represent by sketch,
etc. — De'iform.'a. Like a god; of godlike form. design, or diagram; to portray to the mind, depict,
De'icide, -sld, n. Act of killing a divine being, esp. sketch, picture, describe.— Delin'ea'tion.n. Act of,
of putting Christ to deatli; one concerned in, etc. etc.; description portrait outline draught.
; ; ;

Deject, de-jekt', v. t. To cast down the spirits of, dis- Delinquent, de-link'went, «. Failing in duty; offend-
courage, dishearten, depress.— Deject'edly, adv. In ing oy neglect of duty. ?i. —
One who fails to per-
a dejected manner; sadlj". Dejecfedness, n. —De- — form his duty; an offender; one who commits a fault
jecfer, n. —Dejec'tion, n. Lowness of spirits from or crime. —
Delin'quency, -wen-sl, n. Failure or
grief or misfortune; melancholy; weakness. (3Ied.) omission of duty; fault; crime.
Act of voiding excrement matter voided. Dejec'- ;
— Delirium, de-lir'I-um, n. (3Ied.) state in which A
tore, -jek'chur, n. Excrement. one's ideas are wild, irregular, and unconnected;
Dejeuner, da-zlie-na', Ds^jeune, da-zhen', n. break- A mental aberration. Strong excitement; wild enthu-
fast; lunch. siasm; madness. —
Delir'ious, -I-us, a. Suffering
Dejure, de-ju're. By right; of right; by law, often from, etc.; wandering in mind; insane.
opp. to de facto. [L.] Deliver, de-liv'er, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -bring.] To
Dekagram, Dekaliter, etc. See Decagram, etc., un- free from restraint, set at libertj', save from evil; to
der Decade. give or transfer, part with ty, make over; to com-
Delaine, de-lan', n. A fabric for ladies' dress-goods, municate, pronounce, utter, impart; to give forth in
— orig. all wool, now of cotton and wool, or worsted.' action, discharge; to relieve of a child in child-birth.
Delay, de-la', v. t. [-layed (-lad'), -laying.] To — DeUv'erer, n. —
Deliv'erance, -ans, n. Act of, or
put off, defer to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time, state of being, etc. —
Deliv'ery, -er-I, n. Act of, or
;

retard the motion of, procrastinate, protract. v. i. — state of being, etc.; rescue; release; surrender; ut-
To move slowly, linger, tarry. n. deferring; — A terance; parturition; freedom; preservation.
procrastination a lingering; stay detention.
; ; Dell, del, n. A
small retired dale or valley; ravine.

Btln, cube, full ; moon, fo6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.

LOF<i
 DELTA 100 DENOMINATE
Delta, del'ta, «.; pi. -tas, -taz. The Greek letter A; the legislative and executive functions are exercised
a triangular tract of land esp. the ; by the people or by persons representing them prin- :

space between 2 mouths of a river. ciples held by one of the political parties of the U.
(Geol.) Alluvial flats formed about S. —Dem'ocrat, n. An adherent or promoter of, etc.
diverging mouths of a river. DeK- — — Democrat'ic, -leal, a. Pert, to, or favoring, etc.;
toid. a. Like the Greek A; triangular constructed upon the principle of popular govern-
— Deltoid Uaf. (Bot.) One of triangu- ment favoring popular rights.
;

lar form. —
2>. muscle. {Anat.) Ihe Dbmolisli, de-mol'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.]
muscle in the shoulder which moves To throw or pull down, pull to pieces, ruin, over-
the arm directly upward. throw, destroy, raze. Demol'isher, n. —
Demoli'- —
Delude, de-lud'', v. t. To lead from tion, -lish'un, n. Act
destruction. of, etc. ;

truth or into error, mislead the judg- Demon, de'mun, w. {Gr. Antiq.) spirit holding a A
ment of; to frustrate or disappoint; to ^^itoia
r^o^fr^;/l i^of middle place between men and gods; a departed
deceive, beguile, cheat. Delu'sion, — leai.
soul. An
evil spirit devil. Demoniac, de-mo'nl-
; —
-zhun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; false belief; ak, -niacal, dem-o-ni'ak-al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.
error; illusion; fallacy. —
Delu''sive, -siv, a. Fitted influenced by evil spirits: devilish. Demo'niac, 7i. —
or tending to mislead. —
Delu'sory, -so-rl, a. Apt to A human being possessed by, etc.
delude. Demonetize, de-mon'e-tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd),
Deluge, deKuj, n. An overiiowing of the land by -TiziNG.] To deprive of value, or withdraw from
water; an inundation; esp. the flood in the days of use, as currency. —
Demon'etiza'tion, n. Process
Noah; anything which overwhelms, as a great ca- of, or state of being, etc.
lamity. —
v.t.. [DELUGED (-ujd), -UGIXG.] To over- Demonstrate, dem'on- or de-mon'strat, v. t. To point
flow, as with water, inundate, drown; to overwhelm out. indicate, exhibit; to show, prove, or establish
under a general calamity. so as to exclude doubt or denial. {Anat.) To ex-
Delve, delv, v. t. [delved (delvd), delving.] To dig; hibit and describe the parts of a dead body, when
to open with a spade; to fathom, penetrate, trace dissected. —
Demonstra'tion, n. Act of, etc. proof;
out. —
V. i. To labor with the spade. manifestation of feelings by outward signs. {Anat.)
;

Demagogue, dem'a-gog, n. One who controls the mul- Exhibition of parts of a subject prepared by the dis-
titude r)j' specious or deceitful arts; an artful politi- sector. {Logic.) Act of proving by svllogistic pro-
cal orator. cess. {3Iath.) A course of reasoning showing that a
Demain. See Demesne. certain result is a necessary con.sequence of assumed
Demand, de-mand', v. t. To ask or call for, as one premises. {Mil.) A
decisive exhibition of force, or
who has a claim, right, or power, to enforce the a movement indicating an intention. Demon'- —
claim; to make requisition of to inquire earnestly ; strative, -tiv, a. Tending
demonstrate having to ;

or authoritativelj% question; to require as necessary; the power of demonstration expressing feeling, ;

to be in urgent need of. {Lain.) To call into court, thoughts, etc. frank open. Demonstrative x)ronoun
—
; ;

summon. v. i. To make a demand, ask, inquire! {Gram.) One distinctly de.signating that to which
— n. Act of, etc.; requi:^ition; exaction; earnest in- it refers. — Demon'stratively, adv. — Dem'onstra'-
quiry; question; diligent search; manifested want; tor, n. One who, etc. — Demon'stratory, -rT, a.
thing claimed; claim." Tending to, etc.
Demarcation, -kation, de-mar-ka'shun, n. Act of Demoralize, de-mor'al-Tz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.]
marking, or of setting a limit; division; separation; To destroy or undermine the morals of; to render
a limit ascertained and fixed. corrupt in morals, discipline, courage, etc.
Demean, de-men',?;, t. [-meaxed (-mend'), -meaning.] Demur, de-mer', v. i. [-mi'kked (-merd'), -muering.]
To manage, conduct, treat, deport. To debase, lower, To delay, pause, suspend proceedings in view of a
degrade. [A blundering formation fr. E. mean, doubt or difficulty. {Law.) To raise an objection,
base.] —
Demean'or, -er, n. Manner of behaving; and abide upon 'it for decision by the court. n. —
conduct; deportment; mien. Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding suspense
Dementia, de-men'slil-a, n. Loss of mental power as of decision or action. DMnur'rer, n. One who — ;

a result of brain-disease. demurs. {Lav:.) A stop in an action upon a point

Demerit, de-mer-'it, n. That which deserves blame or to be determined by the court before further pro-
detracts f roni_merit fault crime vice.
; : ceedings can be had.
;

Demesne, de-men', -main', -man, 71. (Law.) The chief Demure, de-mur', a. Of sober or serious mien of ;

manor-place, with that part of its lands not granted modest appearance grave modest in outward ; ;

out in tenancy. seeming only; making a show of gravity.

Demlcadence, dem't-ka'dens, n. CiLus.) An imperfect Den, den, re. A cave or hollow place in the earth, for
cadence, or one that falls on any other than the key- concealment, shelter, or security a customary
note. —
Dem'i-god, n. A fabulous hero, half divine, place of resort; haunt; retreat. v.i. To dwell as — ;

produced by the cohabitation of a deity with a mor- in a den.

tal.— Dem'i-lune, -lun, n. (Fm-t.) A work beyond the Dengue, den'ga, n. violent fever, with rheuma- A
main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain tism, epidemic in tropical countries, called also —
between 2 bastions, to defend the curtain; a ravelin. dandy-, bmuiiLet-, and hucket-fever.
See Ravelin.— Dem'i-monde', -moNd', n. The lower Deniable, Denial, etc. See under Deny.
half of society: persons of doubtful reputation; esp. Denim, den'im, re. coarse cotton drilling used for A
women kept as mis- overalls, etc.
tresses. —
Dem'i- Denizen, den'T-zn, n. An adopted or naturalized
sem'i-qua'ver.-kwa'- ^-^
citizen; a stranger admitted to residence in a for-
ver, n. (J/(ts.) A short -R->^- eign country; dweller; inhabitant. v.t. [-zened
note, equal in time (-znd), -ZENiNG.J To make a denizen, provide with
to the half of a semi- denizens.
quaver, or l-32d part Demi-semi-Quavers. Dennet, den'net, ?i. A 2-wheeled carriage, like a gig.
of whole note. Denominate, de-nom'T-nat, v. t. To give a name or
Demijohn, dem't-jon
,„ A glass bottle with large
.
epithet to, entitle, name, designate. a. Having a
body and small neck, inclosed in wicker-work. specific name; specified in the concrete as opposed
Demise, de-miz', n. Transmission by formal act or to abstract. —
Denom'ina'tion, n. Act of, etc. that ;

conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; by which anj-thing is styled; a name, esp. a general
decease of a royal, princely, or distinguished per- name indicating a class of like individuals; a class,
son. {Law.) Conveyance or transfer of an estate. or collection of indi-v'iduals, called by the same
— V.[DEMISED (-mtzd'), -MisiNG.] To transfer or
t. name; a sect. —
Denom'ina'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.
transmit by succession or inheritance; to bequeath; — Denom'inative, -tiv, a. Conferring or possessing,
to lease. — Demi'sable, -za-bl, a. —
Demis'sion. etc.; derived from a substantive or adjective. n.
-mish'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. degra- {Gram.) Averb formed from a noun either sub-
dation; humiliation.
;

stantive or adjective. —
Denom'lna'tor, -ter, ?i. One
Democracy, de-mok'ra-sT, n. A form of government who, or that which, gives a name. {Arith.) The
in which supreme power is vested in the people, and number below the line in vulgar fractions, showing
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term } In. ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r ;
 DENOTE 101 DEPRIVE
into how many parts the integer is divided. (Alg.) blood-letting. —
Deple'tory, -to-rT, o. Calculated
That part of any expression below the horizontal to deplete.
line signifying division. Denlore, de-plor', v. t. [-ploued (-plord'), -ploring.]

Denote, de-nof, r. t. To indicate, point out, inark; To feel or express deep grief for; to weep, convey as
to be the sign of, signify, mean, intend. Denot'- — tokens of grief, mourn, lament, bemoan. Deplor'- —
able, a. —
Den'ota/tion, 7i. er, n. —
Deplor'able, a. Pitiable sad calamitous
— ; ;

Denouement, da-niX)''nioN", 7i. The catastrophe, esp. wretched. —

Deplor'ableness, n. Deplor'ably, adv.
;

of a drama, romance, etc.; solution of a mystery; Lamentably; miserably.

issue; event. Deplov, de-ploi', v. t. [-i-loyed (-ploid'), -ploying.]
Denotmce, de-nowns', v. t. [-xounced (-nownsf), (Mil.) To open, extend, display. v.i. To open,
-NOUXCIXG.] To give formal or official notice of, extend in line.
announce, declare to threaten by some outward
; Depone, de-poii', v. «. [-poned (-pond''),-PONiNG.] To
expression to point out as deserving of punish- assert under oath, make deposition of, depose. v.
—
;

ment, inform against, stigmatize. Denon'^ciate, i. —

To testify under oath, assert. Depc'nent, a.
-shT-at, t'. t. To denounce. Denun'oia'tion, n. — (Gram.) ilaving a passive form with an active
Act of, etc.; that by whicli anvthing is denounced; meaning, said of certain verbs. n. (Law.) One —
public accusation. —
Denun'oia'tor, «. Denun'oi- —
who gives a deposition under oath. (Gram.) A de-
atory, -to-rl, a. Containing, etc.; accusing. pdnent verb.
'Dense, dens, a. Having the constituent parts closelv Depopulate, de-pop'u-lat, v. t. To deprive of inhabi-
united; close; compact. —
Den'sity, -sT-tT, n. Qual- tants, dispeople. v. i. To become dispeopled. — —
ity of being, etc. (Phi/gics.) The proportion of solid Depop'ttla'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
matter to a given bulk or volume. Deport, de-porf, r. t^ To transport, carry away, ex-
Dent, dent, n. The mark made by a blow; indenta- ile to demean, conduct, behave. Deporta^'tion,
; —
tion, —v. t. To make a dent upon, indent. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; banishment; trans-
Dental, den'tal, a. Pert, to the teeth. {Gram.) portation. Deport'ment, n. Manner of deporting —
Formed by aid of the teeth, etc. n. —
An ar- one's self, esp. with respect to the courtesies and du-
ticulation formed bj' aid of the teeth or gum of ties of life;_demeanor; conduct.
—
the teeth. Den'til, n. (Arch.) An ornamental pro- Depose, de-poz', v. t. [-poskd (-pozd'), -posing.] To
jection in cornices. —
Den''tist, n. One who cleans, reduce from a throne or high station, degrade, di-
extracts, repairs, or fills natural teeth, and inserts vest of office; to bear written testimony to, aver
artificial ones. — Den''tistry, -rT, n. Art or profes- upon oath. v. i. To bear witness, testify by depo- —
sion of a dentist. —
Denature, -ture, n. An artificial sition. Depos''al, 7i. Act of divesting of office.— —
tooth or set of teeth. —
DentFtion, -tish'^un, w. Pro- Depos'er, n. One who, etc.— Depos'it, -p6z-, v. «. To
cess of cutting the teeth. iZool.) System of teeth lay down, place, put; to lay away for safe keeping,
peculiar to an animal. store; to commit to the custody of another; esp. to
Denude, de-nud', v. t. To divest of all covering, place in a bank, as money, to he drawn at will. — n.
make bare or naked, strip. That which is deposed, or laid down, esp. matter
Denunciate, Denunciatory, etc. See under Denounce. precipitated from solution in liquid; that intrusted
Deny, de-ni', v. t. [denied -(-nid), denying.] To to the care of another. — Depos'ltary, -1-ta-rT, n.
contradict, gainsay, declare not to be true; to re- One with whom anything is left in trust a tru.s- ;

fuse, reject ; to refuse to grant, withhold to dis- ; tee guardian. (Law.) One to whom goods are
;

claim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to bailed, to be kept tor the bailor without recompense.
disown, abjure. —
Deni^al, »i. Act of, etc.; assertion — Deposition, -zish-'un, w. Act of deposing or de-
of the untruth of a statement contradiction ; refus- ; positing: precipitation; act of setting aside a public
al disavowal.
; officer; displacement; removal; thing deposited; sed-
Deodorize, de-o'der-Tz, v. t. To deprive of odor, esp. iment. (Law.) Testimony taken down in writing,
of bad odor from impurities. Deo''dorizer, n. — under oath or affirmation; affidavit. —Depos''itor,
Depart, de-part'', w. i. To go forth or away; to quit, -T-ter, n. One who makes a deposit. Depos''itory, —
leave, or separate from a place or person; to quit this -T-to-rt, n. Place where anything is deposited for
world, die. —v. To
leave, retire from.
t. Depart- — sale or keeping. —
Depot, ae-po' or de'po, n. A
ment, n. A
part or portion; a distinct course of life, place of deposit; warehouse; storehouse. (Mil.) A
action, study, etc.; subdivision of business; esp. one station where stores are kept, or recruits assembled
of the principal divisions of executive government; and drilled; the headquarters of a regiment. rail- A
territorial division; esp. one for governmental pur- . road station.
poses; a military subdivision of a country; sphere; Depra.ve, de-prav', v. t. [-peaved (-pravd'), -pea-
province; district.— Departmenfal, a. Pert, to, etc. viNG.] To make bad or worse, corrupt, contaminate.
— Departure, -par'chur, n. Act of departing; death; — Deprav'ity, -prav'T-tt, n. The state of being cor-
abandonment, as of a'rule of duty, action, plan, etc. rupted; extreme wickedness.
(Navigation & Surv.) Distance east or west from Deprecate, dep're-kat, v. t. To seek to avert by
the meridian from which a ship or course departs. prayer, pray for deliverance from, regret deeply.
Depend, de-pend', v. i. To hang; to be sustained by —
Depreca'tion, n. Act of deprecating; prayer that
something above; to be in suspense, remain unde- evil may be removed entreaty for pardon. Dep'- ;
—
termined; to rely for support, stand related to any- recatory, -rT, a. Serving to deprecate tending to ;

thing, as to a cause or condition; to trust, confide, avert evil by prayer.

rely to be in a condition of service.
; —
Depend'ent, Depreciate, de-prc'shT-at, w. (. To lessen in price; to
-ant, «. Hanging down; relying on, or subject to represent as of little value, disparage, traduce, de-
something else for support conditional subordi- ; tract, underrate. v. i. To fall in value, become of —
—
;

nate. —h. One who, or that which, etc. one sus- less worth, sink in estimation.
; Depre'cia'tion, w.
tained by, or relying on, another; a retainer; acorol- Act or state of, etc. reduction of worth. Depre''- ;
—
lary consequence. —
Depend'ence, -ens, ?t. Actor cia'tive, -tiv, a. Inclined to underrate tending to
— —
; ;

state of, etc.; mutual connection and support; con- depreciate. Depre'cia'tor, -ter, w. Depre'cia-
catenation; inter-relation; subjection to the direction tory, -to-rT, a. Tending to depreciate.
of another; inability to provide for one's self; reli- Depredate, dep're-dat, subject to plunder
v. t. To
ance; trust; thing dependent. Depend'ency, -sT, n. — and pillage; to despoil, lay waste; to destroy b^' eat-
State of being, etc.; thing hanging; that attached to ing, devour.
something else as its consequence, subordinate, sat- Depress, de-pres'', v. t. [-peessed (-prest'), -press-
ellite, etc. a territory remote from the state to which ing.] To down, cause to sink, let fall; to bring
press
;

it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony. — down or humble; to cast a gloom upon: to embar-
Depend'ently, adi?. — Depend'er, n. rass, as trade, commerce, etc.; to lessen the price of,
Depict, de-pikf, v. t. To form a painting or picture —
cheapen. Depression, -presh'un, n. Act of, or state
of, portray: to represent in words, describe. of being, etc. a falling in of the surface a cavity
; ;

Deplete, de-plef, v. t. (Med.) To empty, as the ves- or hollow humiliation dejection despondency ;
; ; ;

sels of the human system, by venesection; to ex- embarrassment or hindrance, as of trade, etc.
haust the strength, vital powers, or resources of. — Deprive, de-priv', v. t. [-prived (-privd'), -priving.]
Deple'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Med.) Venesection ; To take away, remove; to dispossess, divest, divest
siin, cube, iyil ; moon, ffi&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 DEPTH 102 DESIGN
of office, depose, dispossess of dignitj', esp. ecclesi- — Descant'', v. i. To sing a variation or accompani*
astical ; to strip, bereave, rob, despoil. Dep'ri- — ment ; to comment, discourse witb-particularity.
va''tion,n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Ecd. Law.) Descend, de-send', v. i. To pass to a lower place to ;

The taking away from a clergyman his benefice or come or go down in any way, etc. to plunge, fall ;

dignity. to make an attack, as if from a vantage-ground to ;

Depth. See under Deep. lower one's self, condescend; to pass from the more
Depute, de-put', v. t. To appoint as substitute or general or important to the particularor more tri^-ial;
agent; to delegate. —
Dep'uta'tion, n. Act of, etc. to be derived, proceed by generation or by transmis-
;

person or persons deputed by another party to act sion. {Astron.) To move to the southward. {Mus.)
on his behalf. —Dep'utize, -tiz, v. t. To depute. —
To fall in tone, pass from a higher to a lower tone.
Dep'uty, -tT, n. One appointed as the substitute of V. t. —
To go down upon or along to pass from
another, and empowered to act for him; lieutenant; the top to the bottom of. Descead'ant, n. One — ;

delegate; envoy; agent; vicar. who descends, as offspring, however remotely. —

Derange, de-ranj'', v. t. [-ranged (-ranid';, -ran- Descend'ent, a. Descending proceeding frf)m an
ging.] To put out of place, order, or rank, throw ancestor or source. Descend'er, n. Descend'lble, —
;

—
into C(jnfusion or disorder, disturb in the action or a. Admitting descent; capable of being transmitted
function, render insane to displace, unsettle, dis- ; by inheritance. Descend'ibil'ity, «.— Descen'sion, —
concert. —Derange'ment, ?i. Act of or state of be- -sen'shun, n. Act of going downward; descent; deg-
,

ing, etc. ; di.sorder esp. mental disorder insanity;

; radation. Descen'sional, a. Pert, to, etc.
; De- — —
lunacy; mania. scen'sive, -siv, a. Descending; tending downward;
Derelict, der'e-likt, n. Forsaken by the natural own- having power to descend. Descent', n. Act of, etc.;
er or guardian abandoned abandoning responsi-
; incursion sudden attack progress downward, as
—
; ; ;

Ifility ; unfaithful. n. {Law.) A thing volunta- in .station, virtue, etc., from the more to the less im-
rily abandoned by its proper owner a tract of land portant, from the better to the worse, from a higher
;

loft dry by the sea. —

Derelic'tion, n. Act of leav- to a lower tone, etc. derivation as from an ances- ;

ing with an intention not to reclaim state of being, tor lineage ;birtli extraction transmission by
; ; ; ;

etc.; unfaithfulness. {Law.) The'gaining of land succession or inheritance; sloping surface decliv- ;

from the sea. ity; thing derived; descendants issue a step in the ; ;

Deride, de-rid', r. t. To laugh at with contempt, turn process of derivation a generation. ;

—
to ridicule, niock, taunt.— Derid'er, n. Derld''ingly, Describe, de-skrib', v. t. [-scribed (-skribd'), -scri-
—
niJv. Deris'ion, -rizh^un, n. Act of, or .state of be- bing.] To form or represent by lines, real or imagi-
ing, etc. an object of contempt laughing-stock
; nary to sketch in writing, give an account of, rep-
: ; :

scorn mockery insult. Deri'sive, -siv, a. Ex- — resent, recount, explain, depict to have or use the
;

pressing, or characterized by, derision.

:

Deri'sive- —
power of describing. Descrip'tion, -skrlp'shun, n.
;

ly, adv. — Deri'sory, -so-rT. a. JSIocking derisive. Act of describing sketch of anything in words
; ; ;

Derive, de-riv', v. t. [-hived (-rivd'), -kivixg.J To class to which a representation applies qualities
receive, as from a source, obtain by transmission distinguishing such a class. Descrip'tive, -tiv, a.
;
— ;

to trace the origin, descent, or derivation of, recog- Tending to, or having the quality of, etc. contain-
nize transmission of, deduce, infer, draw. v. i. To ing description. —
Descrip'tivefy, adv. Descry, — — ;

flow, proceed, be deduced. Deriv'able, a. Ca- —

de-skri', v. t. [-sceied (-skrid'), -scrying.] To dis-
pable of being, etc. transmissible inferable. —
cover bj' the eye, as distant objects, faintly seen,
;

Deriva'tion, n. Act of procuring an effect from a espy, detect, discern.

;

Descri'er, w. —
ear"'^^, means, or condition, as profits from capital, Desecrate, des'e-krat, v. t. To divest of a sacred
truth from testimony, conclnsions or opinions froni character; to treat sacrilegiously.
evidence act of tracing origin, as in grammar or Desert, de-zert', n. A reward. See under Deserve.
;

genealogy state or method of being derived; thing Desert, de-zert', v. t. To part from, end connection
;

derived; derivative; deduction. {MoAh.) Operation with. {Mil.) To leave without permission, forsake
of deducing one function from another according to in violation of duty. v. i. To quit a service with- —
some fixed law. {Me'/.) A drawing of humors from out permission, run away. Des'ert, a. Forsaken; —
one part of the body to another.— Deriv'ative, -rtv'- without life or cultivation; waste; barren; desolate.
a-tiv, a. Obtained by derivation; secondary.— x. Any- n. —
A deserted or forsaken tract of land; a wilder-
thing obtained, or deduced, from another. {Gram.) ness solitude. Desert'er, n. One who forsakes
;

A word formed from another word. (J/«s.) A his dut}', post, party, or friend esp. a soldier or ;

chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another seaman who quits the service without leave. De-
by inversion. {Med.) That adapted to produce a ser'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
derivation. {Math.) A function expressing the re- Deserve, de-zerv', v. t. [-served (-zervd'), -serving.]
lation between two consecutive states of a varying To earn by service, merit, be entitled to. v. i. To —
function. —
Deriv'atively, adv. be worthy of recompense. Deserv'er, n. Desert', — —
Derm, derm, n. The natural covering of an animal; n. Thing deserved reward or punishment merited; ;

skin. worth; due. Deserv'edly, adv. Justly. Deserv'- —

Derogate, der'o-gat, v. t. To annul in part, repeal ingly, adv. In a deserving manner.
parti j% restrict to detract from, disparage, depreci- Deshabille, des-a-biK, n. An undjess careless toilet.
—
;

ate.— c. i. To take away, detract. a. Diminished Desiccate, des'ik-kat or de-sik'kat, v. t. To exhaust

;

in value ; damaged. —
Deroga'tion, n. Act of, etc. of miOisture- to dry.
{Stock Exchange.) An alteration or lessening of a Desiderate, Desjoeratum, etc. See under Desire.
contract to sell stocks. —
Derog'atory, -to-rt, a. Design, de-sin- or -zin', v. t. [-signed (-sind' or
Tending to, etc.; injurious.— Derog''atorily, adv. -zind'), -SIGNING.] To draw the preliminary out-
Derrick, der'rik, n. A mast supported at the top line of, sketc.^ tor a model; to mark out and exhibit,
by stays or guys, with tackle for raising heavy appoint, desi!jnate to form a plan of, contrive to ; ;

weights. Derrick crane. A crane, intend or par] ose. v.i. To nave a purpose, in-
the boom or derrick of which can tend.— w. A preliminary sketch; plan preliminary ;

be brought to different angles with conception scheme contrivance adaptation of , ; ;

the upright. means to a preconceived end object for which one ;

Derringer, der^'rin-jgr, n. short- A plans; aim; intent; decorative figures, asof amedal,
barreled, lar^e-bored pistol. embroidery, etc.— Design'edly, -IT, adv. By design;
Dervis, -vise, der^'vis, Der'vish, n. intentionally. Design'able, a. Capable of bein" —
A Turkish or Persian monk esp., marked out. Des'ignate, des'ig-nat, v. t. To mark
;
—
one who professes poverty and out and make known, indicate, call by a distinctive
leads an austere life. title, denominate, style; to point out hy distinguish-
Descant, des'^kant, n. A variation intr from others; to set apart for a purpose or duty.
of an air a discourse formed on
; —
Designa'tion, n. Act of, etc.; indication; selection
its theme, like variations on a mu- and appointment for a purpose; that which de.'iig-
sical air a comment. {Mies.) The nates; appellation; use or application; signification.
;

highest part in a score soprano Derrick Crane.

; —
Des'ignative, -tiv, a. Serving to indicate. Des'- —
a composition in parts art of composing in parts. ; ignator, -ter, n.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 DESIPIENT 103 DETERMINE
Dssipient, de-sip'T-ent, a. Trifling foolish. ; end. — Des'tiny, -tY-nT, n. That to which one \%
Desire, de-zTr'', v. t. [-sired (-zlrd'), -siring.] To destined; fate; doom; the fixed order of things; the
long for the enjoj'ment or possession of, wish for, Sower conceived of as determining the future.
express a wish for, entreat, request. n. Natural les'tinist, n. A_ believer in destiny; fatalist.
eagerness to obtain any good expressed wish peti- Destitute, des'tT-tut, a. In want; devoid; deficient;
tion object of longing
; inclination. Desir'^aa, ;
;

— ;

lacking; needy; indigent. —

Destitu'tion, ?j. State
-us, a. Feeling desire; covetous; eager. Desir''- — or condition ot being, etc.; deprivation; poverty.
onsly, adv. —
Desir'susness, n. Desir'^able, a. — Destroy, de-stroi', v. t. [-stroyed (-stroid'), -strov-
Worthy of, etc. fitted to excite a wish to possess. ING.J To pull down, break up the structure and
—
;

Desir'ably, -blT, adv. Desir'ableness. n. Deaid'- — organic existence of; to bring to naught, put an end
erate, -sid'er-at, v. t. To be sensible oi the lack of; to, esp. to the Ufe, prosperitv, or beauty of; to de-
to want, miss, desire. —
Desid''eratiTe, -tiv, a. Ex- molish, ruin, annihilate, kill. Destroy'er, n. — —
pressing or denoting desire. n. An object of de- — Destruc'tible, a. Liable to, or capable of being.
sire desideratum. {Gram.) A verb formed from
; etc. — Destmc'tibil'ity, -T-tl, «.— Destruc'tion, n.
another bv change of termination, and expressing Act of, or state of being, etc.: destroying agency;
desire of doing what is indicated by the primitive cause of ruin. —
Destruc'tionist, n. 'One wlio de-
verb. —
Desid'era'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta. That of lights in destroying that which is valuable. (Theol.)
which the lack is felt a want generally acknowl- ; One who believes in the final destruction of the
edged. wicked. —
Destruc'tive,-tiv, a. Causing destruc-
Desist, de-sisf, v. i. To stand aside, cease to proceed tion; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devas'
or act, forbear. tation mortal
; deadly ruinous mischievous. —
; ; ;

Desk, desk, n. A
table with a sloping top; frame or n. One who destroys a radical reformer; destruc-
case; pulpit; the clerical profession. tionist. —
Destruc'tively, adr.
;

—
Destruc 'tiveness,
Desman, des^man, n. ; pi. -jiaxs, -manz. An amphib- 11. Quality of destroying. (Pliren.) The faculty
ious animal; the musk-rat. which impels to, etc. See Phrenology.
Desmine, des'min, n. (Min.) A mineral that crystal- Desuetude, des'we-tud, n. Cessation of use; discon-
lizes in little silken tufts ; stilbite. DesmoP'ogy, — tinuance of prattice, custom, etc.: disuse.
-jt, n. (PfiysioL) Science of the ligaments. Desultory, des'ul-to-rT, a. Leaping from one subject
Desolate, des^o-lat, i'. t. To deprive of inhabitants, to another, without rational connection; without
make desert; to lay waste, ruin, ravage. a. Des- — logical sequence ; disconnected rambling loose.
; ;

titute of inhabitants; laid waste, in a ruinous con- Detach, de-tach', v. t. [-tached (-tachf), -tach-
dition: left alone; without a companion; afflicted. iNG.] To part, separate, disunite; to separate for a
— Desola'^tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a special object, —
used esp. in military language.
desolate place or country ruin havoc ; devasta- ; ; Detach'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ;
tion; ravage; destitution; gloom. thing detached, esp. a body of troops or part of a,
Despair, de-spar', v. i. [-spaired (-spard''), -Spaie- fleet detailed for special service.
ixG.] To be without nope; to give up all expecta- Detail, de-tal', v. t. [-tailed (-tald'), -tailixg.] To
tion, despond. n. Loss of hope — that which is relate in particulars, particularize. (Mil.) To ap-
—
;

despaired of. Des'pera''do, -per-a'do, n. desper- A poiivt for a particular service. Detail, de'tal or —
ate fellow; one urged by furious passions; madman. de-tal', n. A
minute portion; a particular, used —
— Des'perate, -at, a. Beyond hope despaired of; ; chiefly in the plural; a narrative of minute points.
past cure; proceeding from despair; without regard (Mil.) The selection for a particular service of a
to danger or safety rash ; headlong frantic. — person or company; person or company so selected.
Des''perately, adv. Des'perateness, n. — ;

Despera''- —
;

Detain, de-taft', I', i. [-TAiNED(-tand'), -f aixixg.] To

tion, n. Act Of despairing state of despair or hope- keep back or from, restrain from proceeding, hold
lessness.
;

in custody, arrest, check, delay, hinder. Detain'- —

Despatch. See Dispatch. er, «. One who detains. (Law.) Detention of what
Despise, de-spiz', v. t. [-spised (-spTzdO, -spisixg.] is another's, even when the original taking was law-
To look upon with contempt, have a low opinion ful. (Eng. Law.) A
writ authorizina: a prison-
of, disdain, undervalue. Des''picable, a. Fit to — keeper to keep a person in custody. Detain'ment,—
be despised mean pitiful paltry sordid base; n. Act of detaining. — Detain'der, n. (Law.) A
degrading. — ;

Des'picableness, n.
;

Des'picably,
;

— ; ;

writ. —Det'inue, -1-nu, n. person or thin^ de-A

-bll, adv. —
Despite', -spif, n. Extreme malice; tained. —
Detent', w. (Mech.) That which locks or
angry hatred au act prompted by hatred.
; jvep. — unlocks a movement, as wheelwork in a clock. —
In spite of notwithstanding.
; Deten'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; re-
Despoil, de-spoil', v. t. [-spoiled (-spoild'), -spoil- straint; delay.
ing.] To strip or divest, as of clothing to rob, be- Detect, de-tekt', v. t. To uncover, find out, bring to
reave, rifle. —
Despo'lia'tion, n. Act of, or state of
;

light, discover, expose. —

Detect'er, -or, -er, n. De- —
.being, etc. tec'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; discovery. Detect'ive, —
Despond, de-spond', v- i. To abandon hope,
give up, -iv, a. Fitted for, skilled, or employed in, etc. n. —
become depressed. — Despond'ence, -ency, -en-sT, A policeman whose business is to detect rogues.
n. State of desponding discouragement dejec-
; ; Deter, de-ter', v. t. [-teered (-terd'), -terrixg.J To
tion. — Deapond'ent, a. Marked by, or given' to, prevent by fear; to hinder or prevent by opposing
etc. —Despond 'en tly, -ingly, arfr. Despond'er, n. — motives from doing that to which one is impelled.
Despot, des'pot, n. One who possesses absolute power — Deter'ment, H. Act of, etc.; that which, etc.
over another; esp. a sovereign invested with abso- Deter'rent, -ter'rent, o. Tending to, etc.
lute power one who rules regardless of a constitu-
; Deteriorate, de-te'rt-o-rat, v. i. To make worse. v. —
tion or laws a tyrant. Despot'ic, -ical, a. Hav-
; — i. To grow worse, be impaired in quality, degen-
ing the character of, or pert, to, a despot absolute
—
; erate. — Dete'riora'tion, n.
iu power tyrannical
; arbitrary. Despot'ically, ; Determine, de-ter'min, v. t. [-mined (-mind), -mix-
adv. —
Des'potism, -izm, n. Tlie power, spirit, or ing.] To fix the boundaries of, mark off and sepa-
principles of, etc. tyranny a government directed
; ; rate, set bounds to, bring to an end, fix the form or
by, etc.: absolutism; autocracy. character of; to bring about, as a cause, an effect; to
Dessert, dez-zert', n. A service of pastry, fruits, etc., fix the course of, impel, direct, ascertain definitely,
after an entertainment. settle by authoritative sentence, resolve on, bring to
Destemper, des-tem'per, Distem'per, n. (Paint.) A a conclusion or resolve. (Logic.) To define or limit
peculiar sort of painting with opaque colors, ground by adding a differentia. (Physical Sc.) To ascer-
and diluted with water, glue, etc. tain the quantity of. —
v. i. ,To come to a decision,
Destine, des'tin, v. t. [-tixed (-tind), -tinixg.] To limit, settle, shape, decide. —
Deter'miner, n. De- —
determine the future condition or application of, ter'minable, a. —
Deter'minant, n. That which
set apart by design; to fix, as by an authoritative serves to determine. (Math.) The sum of a series
decree, design, devote, ordain, allot, bind. Des- — of products of several numbers, fonned according to
tina'tion, n. Act of destining or appointing that ; specified laws. —
Deter 'minate, -nat, a. Having
to which anything is, etc. predetermined end, ob- defined limits; fixed; established; conclusive: posi-
ject, 'or use point aimed at purpose lot fate
;
;

; ; ; ;
tive. —Deter'minately, ac/y. — Deter'mina'tion, n.

sQn, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 DETERRENT 104 DEXTER
m
Act of determining:, or state of bein^ determined; Device. See under Devise.
tendency to a certain end; a judicial decision, or Devil, dev'l, n. The evil one, Satan, represented in
ending of controversy thing determined upon
; Scripture as the traducer, father of lies, tempter,
;

resoluteness; decision of mind. {Cliem.) The as- etc.; an evil spirit; false god; an expletive express-
certaining the amount of any ingredient in a sub- ing emphasis. (Manuf.) A revolving cylinder armed
stance. {Logic.) Act of limiting a concept or no- with spikes, for tearing, cutting, or opening raw
tion by giving its essential constituents; addition materials, as cotton, wool, rags, etc. A very wicked
of a difterentia to a concept or notion, dividing person; a dish, broiled with much pepper. v. t. To —
itsextent. {Xat. Hist.) Tlie referring ot minerals, make like a devil; to cut up cloth or rags in, etc.; to
plants, etc., to their species. —
Deter''minative, -tiv, grill with pepper. —
Devilish, dev'lish, a. Like, or
a. Having power to determine; conclusive. pert, to, the devil; wicked in the extreme; infernal;
Deterrent. See under Deter. hellish satanic; detestable. Dev'iltry, -1-trT, n.
; —
Detest, de-tesf, r. t. To hate extremely, abominate, Diabolism malicious mischief.
; Dev'ilkin, n. A
loathe. —
Detesfable, a. Worthy of. etc.; abomin-
— little devil. Dev''il's-darn''ing-nee''dle, n. dragon- A
able; execrable; abhorred. Detest'' ably, adv. fly, having a long, cj'lindrical body, resembling a
Detestation, det'es- or de'tes-ta'shun, n. Act of, needle. —
Dev'il-flsh, n. name of several sea-crea- A
etc.; hatred; loathing. —Detest'er, n. tures, esp. of a genus of ray found in the Atlantic,
Dethrone, de-thron', v. t. [-thkoxed (-thrond'), and of the cuttle-fish. Di^aboKic, -ical, a. Like, —
-THRONING.] To remove or drive from a throne, de- or pert, to, the devil; impious; demoniac. Diablerie,
pose. —
Dethrone''ment, w. Deposition. dya'bl-re'', Diab''lery, df-ab''ler-t, n. Deviltry; sor-
Detinue. See under Detaix. cery; mischief.
Detonate, defo-nat, r. z. (Chem.) To explode with Devious. See under Deviate.
a sudden report. —
1\ t. To cause to explode. De- — Devise, de-viz'', v. t. [-vised (-vlzd''), -visixo.] To
tona'tion, n. Explosion by inflammation of com- form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, ap-
bustible bodies. —Det''onize, -niz, v. t. [-xized plications of principles, or arrangement of parts; to
(-nizd), -xiziXG.] To cause to explode, burn with strike out by thought; to plan for, purpose to ob-
an explosion, calcine with detonation. v. i. To — tain. (Lavj.) To give by will, used of real estate; —
detonate. to bequeath. ?;. i. —
To form a scheme, lay a plan,
Detoiir, da-toor'', n. A turning; circuitous route contrive. —
n. Act of disposing of real estate by will;
deviation from the straight or usual path. a will or testament, properly' of real estate; property
Detract, de-trakt', v. t. To take awaj^, take credit or given by will. —
Devis''er, n. One who devises; an
reputation from, decry, depreciate, vilify, slander, inventor. —
Devis''or, -or, n. (Law.) One who gives
traduce. —V. I. To remove a part, take away repu- real estate by will: a testator. Device, de-vis'', n. —
tation, depreciate wortli. —
Detrac'tion, n. Act of, Thing devised, or formed bj' design; contrivance;
etc.: calumny; aspersion; censure. —
Detracfor, -er, invention a stratagem
; a heraldic motto, usually ;

11.— Detract''ress, n. A female detractor.— Detract'- connected with an emblematic picture; power of de-
ory, -o-rT, a. Defamatory; derogatory. vising; invention; genius.
Detriment, det''rT-mont, n. That which causes dam- Devoidt de-void', a. Destitute; not in possession.
age diminution; injurj^; mi.scliief harm.
; Detri-
; — Devolve, de-volV, v. t. [-volved (-volvd''), -volving.]
ment'^al, a. Causing detriment; pernicious. De- — To roll onward or downward, overthrow; to trans-
trition, -trish''un, 7i. A wearing off or away. De- — fer from one to another, deliver over, hand down.
tri'tus, w. {Geol.) A mass of matter worn from — V. To pass
i. by transmission or succession to
— ;

solid bodies by attrition. be handed over or down. Devolu''tion, n. Act of,

Deuce, dus, n. (Gaming.) Two; a card or die with 2 etc.
spots. An evil spirit;
demon; the devil. Deu'ced, — Devote, de-vot'', v. t. To appropriate by vow, set
-sed, a. Devilish; extravagant; enormous. apart by a solemn act to consign over, execrate, ;

Deuterogamy, du-ter-og'a-mt, n. A
2d marriage, after doom to evil; to give up wholly, direct the attention
the death of the first liusband orwife. Deuteron'- — of wholly or chiefly to attach, addict, dedicate,
;

omy, -o-mT, n. (Bibl.) The 5th book of the Penta- resign, doom, consign. — Devot''edness, n. State
teuch, containing the 2d giving of the law by Moses. of being, etc.: addictedness. Devotee'', n. One —
— Deuterop'athy, -tht, n. (Med.) sympatlietic A wholly devoted, esp. to religion; one superstitiously
affection, asheadache from an overloaded stomach. given' to religious ceremonies; a bigot. Devot^'er,
— Deuteros'copy, -pT, n. Second sight; meaning be- n. — Devo^'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; af-
yond the literal sense; second intention. Deutox'- — fection; esp. feelings toward God appropriate to the
ide, -id, n.(Ckera.) A
compound of 2 equivalents of act of worship: religiousness; piety; act of devoted-
oxygen with 1 of a base. ness or devoutness: thing consecrated; an object of
Devastate, dev'as- or de-vas'tat, v. t. To lay waste, affection. —
Devo^'tional, a. Pert, to, used in, or
desolate, demolish, pillage. —
Devasta'tion, n. Act suited to, devotion. —
Devout, -vowf, a. Absorbed
of, or state of being, etc. (Law.) "Waste of the goods in religious feelings pious reverent expressing ; ; ;

of the deceased by an administrator. piety; warmly devoted; earnest; prayerful; sincere.

Develop, de-veKup, v. t. [-oped (-apt), -opittg.] To — Devout''ly, adii. Devoufness, n. —
free from a cover or envelope, disclose or make Devour, de-vo\\T'', v. t. [-voured (-vowrd''), -vouE-
known, unfold gradually, exhibit, detect. (Math.) IXG.] To eat up greedilj'^, consume ravenously; to
To change the form of (an algebraic expression) by seize on and destroy or appropriate greediljs self-
executing indicated operations without changing ishly, or wantonly; to enjoy with avidity, consume,
the value. (Phoiog.) To render (a picture) visible by waste, annihilate.
subjecting it to chemical action. v. i. —
To go Dew, du, 71. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed
through a natural evolution, by successive changes by cool bodies upon their surfaces, esp. at night.
to a more perfect state; to become visible gradually. V. t. [dewed (dud), DEWiXG.] To wet with dew.
— DeveKopment, n. Act of, etc. (Math.) Act of ex-
panding an expression into another of equivalent
meaning; the equivalent expression into which an-
other has been developed. —
Development theory. -lap, n. The fold of skin, etc., haiigin" from the
(^Nat. Hist.) Doctrine that all existing forms of throats of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in
matter and were developed by uniform laws
spirit grazing; a fold of skin, etc., on the human throat
from simpler forms, without creative act. or chin, esp. wiieu flaccid with age. point, n.
Devest, de-vest'', v. t. To divest. (Law.) To alienate, (Meteor.) The temperature at which dew begins
as title or right, deprive of. v. i. —
To be lost or to form. ret'ting, n. Process of softening and re-
alienated, as a title or an estate. [Except in the moving mucilage from the fibrous and cellular por-
legal sense, spelled direct, q. v.] tions of flax and hemp, by exposing the stalks to
Deviate, de''vT-at, v. i. To go out of one's way, turn dew, rain, sun, and air.
aside from a course, digress, err. —
Devia''tion, n. Dexter, deks-'ter, a. Pert, to, or on, the right hand;
Act of, etc. ; state of having deviated error. De''- ; — right, as opp. to left.— Dexterity, -tSr''t-tT, n. Readi-
vious, -vT-us, a. Out of a straight line indirect; ; ness and physical grace activity of the ind ^quick-
; m
going out of the right course of conduct. ness and skill in managing affairs; adroitness; tact;

Sm, fanae, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r 5
 — ,;

DEY 105 DIE

aptitude ; faculty. — Dex'^terouB, -trous, -trus, a. stops in the organ, which extend through the scaler
Ready and expert; skillful in contrivance quick at : of the instrument.
inventing expedients : done with dexterity : apt Diaper, di'a-per, n. Figured linen cloth for towels,
handy; versed. — Dex''terously, a(/i-. — Dex''terous-
;

napkins, etc. a towel or nankin infant's breech-

; ;

ness/n. cloth. (Arch.) Paneling filled up with arabesque

Dey, da, n. The European title for the governor of gilding and painting, or with wrought work in low
Alireria, before its conquest by the French. relief. — v. t. [diapeked (-perd), -perikg.] To
Diabetes, di-a-be'tez, n. singf. &j;Z. {Med.) A disease variegate with figures, as clotli : to put a diaper on,
attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of as a child. — v. i. To draw fi^ires.
urine. Diaphanous, di-at'a-nus, a. Transmitting rays of
Diablerie, Diabolic, etc. See under Devil. light, as glass; transparent; clear.
DiaconaJ. Diaconate. See under Deacox. Diaphragm, di'a-frain, n. dividing membrane or A
Diacoustic, di-a-kows'tik or-koos'tik, a. Pert, to the partition, commonly with an opening through it.
science of refracted sounds. Diacou8''tics, n. Sci- — (Anat.) The muscle separating the chest from the
ence of the properties of sound retracted through abdomen ; midriff.
different mediums. Diarrhea, -rhoea, di-ar-re'a, ?). (Med.) morbidly A
Diacritic, -ical, di-a-krif'ik-al, a. Separating; indica- frequent evacuation of the intestines.
ting something to be distinguished. Diary, di'a-rT, «. A register of daily occurrences ;

Diadem, di'a-dem, n. A
fillet, worn as a badge of journal; blank-book dated for daily memoranda.
royalty ; a crown ; sovereignty dignity. (Her.) ; Diastole, di-as'to-le, n. (Med.) A "dilatation of the
An arch rising from the rim of a crown, and uniting heart. (Gram.) A figure by which a syllable nat-
with others over its center. _ « urally short is made^ong.
Diaeresis, Dieresis, di-Br-'e-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. ( Gram.) Diathesis, di-ath'e-sis, h. (Med.) Bodily condition,
The separation of 1 syllable into 2 a mark [ " ] over ; esp. that which predisposes to a particular disease.
the second of 2 adjacent vowels, to denote that they Diatonic, di-a-ton'ik, a. (Mus.) Pert, to the scale of
are to be pronounced separately, as, aerial. 8 tones, the 8th of which is the octave of the first.
Diagnosis, di-ag-no'sis, n. (Med.) Determination of a Diatribe, di'a-trib, n. A continued discourse or dis-
disease by distinctive characteristics. Scientific de- putation; an invective harangue; reviling; reproach.
termination of anv kind. Dibber, dib-'ber. Dibble, dib'bl, n. pointed hand A
Diagonal, di-ag-'o-na'l, a. ( Geom.) Joining 2 not ad- instrument, to make holes for planting seeds, etc.
jacent angles of a quadrilateral — Dib'ble, i;. «. [dibbled (-bid), -blixg.] To plant
or multilateral figure, and divid- with a dibble, make holes for planting seeds, etc. —
ing it into 2 parts crossing at an V. i. To dip, as in angling.
angle with one of the sides. 7i.
;

— Dice, etc. See under Die, n.

A right line drawn from one an- Dicker, dik'er, n. The number of 10, esp. 10 hides or
gle to another, not adjacent, of a _.
diagonal.
skins a chaffering barter of small wares.
; v. i. To —
figure of 4 ormore sides.— Diag'- negotiate a dicker; to barter.
onally, -It, adv. In a diagonal direction. Dickey, Dicky, dik't, n. A seat behind a carriage,
Diagram, di'a-gram, n. (iSeom.) A figure to illus- for servants, etc. a bosom to tie over the front of a
;

trate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration. An shirt a shirt-collar.

;

illustrative outline or drawing. Di'agrapli, -graf — Dicotyledon, di'kot-T-le'don, n. (Bot.) plant whose A
n. An instrument used in perspective. seeds divide into 2 lobes in germinating. Di'coty- —
Dial, di'al, ??. An instrument showing the time of led'onous, -nus, a. Having 2 cotjiedons.
day from the shadow of a stj'le on a graduated sur- Dictate, dik''tat, v. t. To deliver,' *tate, or utter, for
face the graduated face of a time-piece on which
; another to reduce to writing to communicate with
;

the time is shown by pointers. authority to deliver to a .subordinate, as a com-

—
;

Dialect, di'a-lekt, n. Means or mode of expressing mand; to prescribe, enjoin, urge. v. i. To deliver
thoughts language tongue local form of a lan-
: ; ; commands. — 7i. A statement delivered with author-
guage » idiom phraseology. ; Dialec'tics, n. sing. — ity ;authoritative rule or principle ; order direc- ;

That branch of logic which teaches the rules of rea- i tion; impulse; admonition. Dicta'tion, «. Dic- — —
soning application of logical principles to discur- 7i. One who, etc.; one invested with ab- ta''tor, -ter.
;

sive reasoning. —
Di'alecti'cian, -tish^an, n. One solute authority, esp. in times of distress. Dicta<- —
versed in dialectics a logician reasoner. Di'a- —
tc'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, or suited to a dictator: ab-
—
; ;

logue, -lo^, 71. A

conversation between two or more, solute imperious overbearing. Dictato'rially,
—
; ;

esp. in theatrical performances ; a composition in adv. Dicta'torship, n. Office or term of office of,
which persons are represented as conversing. etc. Dicta'tress, -triz, n. A female who dictates. —
Diamagnetic, di'a-mag-nefik, a. Pert, to, or exhibit- Dicta' ture, -ta'chur, n. Dictatorship. —
ing the phenomenaof, diamagnetism. n. A
sub- Diction, dik''shun, »i. Choice of words ; selection of
stance which, in a field of magnetic force, takes a terms; style ; phraseology. Dic'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, —
position at right angles to that of the ordinary mag- -ta. An authoritative saying or assertion. (Laiv.j
net. — Di'amagnefically, udr. judicial opinion by judges on points not necessa- A
Diameter, di-am'e-ter, n. (Geom.) right line rily in the case. A
Dic'tionary, -a-rl, n. book in — A
through the center of a figure or body, which words are alphabeticallj' arranged and ex-
terminated by the opposite boundaries. plained; a lexicon vocabulary a work containing ; ;

Length of astraiglit line through tlie cen- information in any department of knowledge, ar-
ter of an object from side to side; width; ranged alphabetically, under heads.
thickness. (Arch.) The distance through Did. See Do.
the lower part of the .shaft of a column, T^i^rrrTtl- Didactic, -tical, di-dak''tik-al, a. Fitted or inclined
used as a unit for measuring all the parts JJiameier. to teach ; arranged in a form suitable for instruc-
of an order. — —
Diamet'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to, etc. tion; preceptive.
directly adverse. Diametrically, adv. In a dia- Didapper, did'ap-er, n. diving bird; the black-chin A
metrical direction directly. ; grebe; dab-ehick.
Diamond, di'a-mund or di'mund, 7i. A
mineral and Diddle, did-'dl, v. i. To totter, as a child in walking.
gem remarkable for hardness crystallized Dido, di'do, n. ; pi. -dos, -doz.
; trick: antic; caper. A
carbon a geometrical figure otherwise
; Didst. Secondper. imp. of do. See Do.
called rhombus or lozenge one of a suit of ; Die, di, v. i. [died (did), dying.] To cease to live,
playing cards, stamped with the figure of a become dead, expire, becojne lost or extinct ; to
diamond. (Print.) small type, in size A sink, faint; languish, with weakness, discourage-
between pearl and brilliant. ment, love, etc. become indiffer- ;

(®~ This liue is printed in the type called Diamond. ent; to recede and grow fainter,
Diapason, di-a-pa,''zbn, w. (Gr. Mas.) The oc- become imperceptible; to become
tave or interval which includes all the Dia- vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor.
tones. Concord, as of notes an octave mond. Die, di, n. small cube, marked A
apart harmony entire compass of tones ; scale or
; ; on its faces with spots from 1 to (>,
pitch for giving a standard pitch one of certain used in gaming, by being thrown
;
Dice.

sQn, cube, fijll ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN chair, get.
 DIERESIS 106 DILEMMA
from a box; any small cubical body. [PI., in this ging.] To turn and throw up, as the earth ; to
sense, Dice (dis) in the following senses, Dies loosen or remove with a spade, etc.; to delve; to
;

(diz).] (Arch.) The cubical part of the pedestal, be- hollow out, as a well; form, as a ditch; excavate. —
tween base and cornice. The piece of metal on which V. i. To work -with a spade, etc., do servile work,
iscut a device to be stamped (on a coin, medal, etc.); delve.
one of two pieces of hardened steel forming together Digamma, di-ganf ma, n. A letter (F) of the Greek
a female screw for cutting the threads of screws. — alphabet, which early feU. into disuse, pron., prob.,
Dice, dIs, n. ; pi. of die. A game.— v. i. Tp play with like E. w.
—
Di'oer, n. One who, etc. — To arrange methodically; work
dice.
Process of engraving dies. —
Die'sink'ing, n.
stock, n. An imple-
ment for holding dies while cutting threads on
Digest, di-iesf, v.t.
over and classify to prepare in the stomach for
;

conversion into blood, turn into chyme, said of —

screws. food; to think over, reflect upon. (Chem.) To soften
Dieresis. Same as Diuresis. by heat and moisture. (Med.) To suppurate. v. i. —
Dies non, di'ez-non. {Law.) A day on which courts To undergo digestion; be prepared by heat, suppu-
are not held. rate. — Di'gest, n. Thing digested; esp. that which
Diet, di'et, n. Habitual food victuals ; course of
; is worked over, classified, and arranged; compen-
food selected with reference to a particular state of dium; abridgment; pandect; a collection of Roman
hetilth. —
V. t. To feed, nourish, esp. sparingly, or laws. — Diges'tion, -chun, n. Act of digesting; class-
—
by rule. v. i. To eat, feed, esp. to eat sparingly. ification; conversion of food into chyme; prepara-
Di'etary, -a-rf, a. Pert, to, etc. «. —
Rule of diet; tion by heat and moisture; gradual solution; pro-
allowance of food. —
Dietefic, -ical, a. Pert, to the duction of pus. — Digesfive, -iv, a. Causing, used
rules of, etc. —
Dietefics, n. That part of medicine for, or pert, to digestion.
or hygiene relating to, etc. —
Diet'er, -a'rian, n. One Digit, dij^it, n. A
finger; a finger's breadth, or .3-4ths
who observes rules for, etc. of an inch. (Arith.) One of the ten figures, 0, 1, 2^-
Diet, di''et, n. A
legislative or administrative assem- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which numbers are expressed.
bly in some countries of Europe. (Astron.) A 12th part of the diameter of the sun or
Differ, differ, v. i. [-feeed (-ferd), -ferikg.] To moon. — Dig 'ital, a. Pert,
be or stand apart, disagree, be unlike or discordant; to the fingers, or to digits.
to have a difference or quarrel. v. t. To cause to — — Dig ''it ate, -tated, a.
be different or unlike.— Difference, -ens, n. Act of, (Bat.) Having leaflets ar-
or state of being, etc.; disagreement; cause of dis- ranged, like fingers, at
sension occasion of quarrel; that by which one
; the extremity of a stem,
thing differs from another characteristic quality.
; or petiole.
(Logic.) Quality or attribute added to those of the Dignify, dig'nt-fi, v. t.
genus to constitute a species differentia. (Math.)
; [-FIED C-fld), -FYIXG.] To
The quantity by which one quantity differs from invest with dignity or
another. —
v. t. [DiFFERE>fCED (-enst), -EXCI^fG.] honor, give distinction to.
—
To cause to differ, make different, distinguish. Dig'^nity, -tt, n. State -*
Different, a. Distinct; of various or contrary na- of being worthy or hon-
ture, form, or quality; unlike dissimilar. Dif'-
; — orable ; elevation of mind T
Tfcr'f f J_.ear.
uigitate f
ferently, adv.— Differen'tiate, -sht-at, v. t. (Math.) or of rank; quality inspir-
To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient ing respect loftiness and elegance : one holding
of. (Logic.) To distinguish or describe, by giving high rank. —
;

Dig'nitary, -ta-rT, n. One who pos-

the differentia, or specific difference of a thing; to sesses exalted rank, esp. ecclesiastical rank.
define exactly, specialize. v. i. —
To constitute, Digraph, di^'graf, n. A
combination of 2 written
mark, or show a difference; to discriminate. Dif'- — characters to express one sound.
feren'tia'tion, -sht-a'shun, n. (Logic.) Act of dis- Digress, dt-gres', v. i. [-gressed C-gresf), -geess-
tinguishing a thing, by giving its differentia, or spe- ING.] To turn aside; esp. in writing or speaking,
cific difference. (Math.) Act or process of differen- to turn aside from the main subject of attention or
tiating. (Physiol.) Production of a diversity of course of argument; to turn aside from the right
parts by a process of evolution or development. path, deviate, amplify, transgress. Digres''sion, —
(Metaph.) Tendency in being, organic or inorganic, -gresh'un, n. Act of, etc.; part of a discourse devi-
to assume more complex structure or functions. ating from its main design; transgression; offense.
Differen'tia, -shi-a, n. (Logic.) The distinguish- — Digres'sional, a. Pert, to, or consisting in, etc.
ing part of the essence of a species; specific differ- Digres'sive, -iv, a. Departing from the main sub-
ence. —Differen'tial, -shal, a. Creating a difference; ject. —
Digress'ively, adv.
discriminating; special. (Math.) Pert, to a differen- Dike, dik, n. A
ditch; channel for water made by
tial. (Mech.) Differing in amount or in producing digging bank thrown up to exclude water" from
force, —
said of motions or effects; intended to pro-
;

low lands. (Geol.) A

wall-like mass of mineral
duce difference of jnotion or effect, said of ma- — matter, filling up iissures in the original strata. v. —
chinery, etc. n. (Math.) An increment, usually an t. [DIKED (dikt), DiKiXG.] To surround, protect,
indefinitely small one, given to a variable quantity. or drain by dikes.
Difficulty, dif-'ft-kul-tT, n. State of being hard to ac- Dilapidate, dT-lap'T-dat, v. t. To suffer to fall into
complish, or to deal with; a thing hard to accom- decay or partial ruin; to diminish by waste and
fjlish ;a controversy variance or disagreement
; abuse, squander. v. i. —
To get out of repair, be-
obstacle; perplexity; distress; objection. Difficult, —
;

come decayed, go to ruin. — Dilap-'ida'tion, n. Act

<i. Hard to make, do, or perform; beset with difii- of, or state ofbeing^etc; ecclesiastical waste.
-culty ;not easily wrought upon not compliant ; Dilate, dT-laf or di-iaf, v. t. To enlarge or extend
painful; austere; rigid. —
Difficultly, adv. in all directions, expand, distend, spread out, am-
Diffident, dif'^ft-dent, a. Wanting confidence in plify, expatiate. v. i. —
To expand, swell; to speak
others, or in one's self; distrustful; timid; bashful; largely and copiously, expatiate, descant. — Dila''-
reserved. — —
Diffidently, adv. Diffidence, -dens, n. tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. expansion.
— Dil'ata'tion, n. Same as dilation. — Dila 'table, a.
;

State of being, etc.

Diffuse, dif-fuz'', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To — Dila'tabU^ity, n. — Dila'tive, a. Causing dilata^
pour out and spread, as a fluid; to send out, or ex- tion. — Dilat'or, m. That which expands; a muscle
tend, in all directions to expand, disseminate,
; that dilates any part. — Dil'atory, -to-rT, a. Inclined
spend, publish, proclaim. —
Diffus'^er, n. Dlffus''- — — to put off what ought to be done at once; given to,
edly, adv. In a diffused manner; dispersedly. or marked with procrastination; intended to make
Diffus''edness, w. —
DifEu''sible, -zt-bl, a. Capable of delay, or to gain time and defer action; sluggish;
being, etc.— DifEu'sibil''ity, ^i.- Diffu'sion, -zhun, n. backward; tardy. —
Dil^atorily, adv.
Act of, or state of being, etc.; dissemination; spread; Dilemma, dt-lem'ma or di-lem'ma, n. (Logic.) An
—
propagation; dispersion. Diffuse', -fus'', a. Poured argument which affords an antagonist alternatives,
out; widely spread; not restrained, esp. as to style; but is conclusive against him, whichever alterna-
copious; prolix. tive he chooses. A
perplexing state ; difficult or
Dig, dig, V. t. [DUG or (obs.) digged (digd), dig- doubtful choice.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, Tee ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — —;

DILETTANT 107 DIRECT

Dilettant, dil-et-tant', -tante, -tan'^ta, n. ; pi. -tanti, as into diflSculty, engage to take out by immersing ;

-te. An admirer of the line arts an amateur ; esp. and removing again some receptacle, as a ladle, pail,
—
:

one who follows an art desultorily, without serious etc. V. i. To immerse one's self to remove some- ;

purpose, or for amusement. thing, by immersing and withdrawing a receptacle;

Diligent, dil'I-jent, a. Interestedly and perseveringly to thrust in and partake to enter sUglitly or curso- ;

attentive steady in application to business : prose-

; rily; to incline downward. n. Action of dipping, —
cuted with care and constant effort ; assiduous or of plunging for a moment into a Liquid ; inclina-
—
sedulous; industrious; careful. Dil^igence, -jens,?i. tion downward ; slope pitch sauce to be dipped ; ;

—
Quality of bein^, etc.; assiduit}-; industry. out with a spoon ; a dipped candle. Dip'per, 7i.
Diligence, de-le-zhaxs'', n. A
French stage-coach. [F.] One who, or that which, etc. a vessel for dipping ;

Dill, dil, n. A plant bearing pungent and aromatic liquids. {Omith.) A small diving bird, resembling
seeds. the blackbird; the dabchick, a N. Amer. grebe; also,
Dilly-dally,_diKnf-dal1t, v. i. To loiter or trifle. tliespirit-duck, of N. Amer. {Astron.) The 7 prin-
Dilute, di-lut', v. t. To make thinner or more liquid cipal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear, —
by admixture with something ; to diminish, hy mix- arranged in the form of a dipper.
ing, the strength, flavor, color, etc., of to reduce, ; Diphtheria, dif- or dip-thc'rlt-a, n. {Med.) A virulent
esp. by addition of water. v.i. To become thin. zymotic disease, in which the mucous membrane,
—a. Thin; attenuated; reduced in strength, as esp. of the throat and air passages, becomes coated
spirit or color. —
Dilufer, n. —
Dilu'tion, n. Act of, with a false membrane. Diphtheric, -ther'ik, -the- —
— —
or state of being, etc. Dil'^nent, -u-ent, a. Diluting. rit'ic, a. Pert, to, etc.
n. That whicli, etc.; esp. what weakens the blood, Diphthong, dif'- or diphthong, n. {Orthoepy.) A
—
by mixture with it. Dilu'vial, -vl-al, a. Pert, to, union of 2 vowel sounds pronounced in one sylla-
or produced by, a deluge, esp. the deluge in Noah's ble, as, ou in out, —
called a,j}roper diphthong ; union
days. —
Dilu'vian, a. Pert, to a deluge. of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them
Dim, dim, a. Xot bright or distinct; of obscure luster, being sounded, as, ai in rain, called' an improper —
sound, or vision; dull of apprehension; dark; mys- diphthong. —Bi'phthongal, -thon'gal, a. Pert, to, or
terious, sullied, tarnished. v. t. —
[dimmed (dimd), consisting of, etc.
DIMMING.] To render obscure, darken, dull to de- Diploma, dl-plo-'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. Grig, a state
prive of distinct vision, darken the senses or under-
;

letter of recommendation, consisting of 2 leaves ; —

standing of. — Dim'ly, adv. — Dim'ness, n. a writing conferring. some authority, privilege, hon-
Dime, dim, «. A silver coin of the United States, or, etc.; esp. a record of a literary degree. Diplo'- —
worth 10 cents; the tenth of a dollar. macy, -st, -matism, -tizm, n. Art of conducting ne-
Dimension, dl-men'shun, n. Measurement in length, gotiations between nations, esp. in securing treaties;
breadth, and thickness extent size application;
; ; ; dexterity in securing advantages. Dip'lomat, —
importance. (^Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in -mate, -mat, -mafic, Diplo'matist, n. One em-
characterizing a term. ployed or skilled in, etc. Diplomatic, -ical, a. — —
DiminiBh, dl-min-'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] Diplomatically, adv. Diplomat'ics, n. Science —
To make smaller to lessen the authority or dignity
; of diplomas, or art of reading ancient writings,
of. (3Ius.) To make smaller by a semitone. To public documents, etc.; paleography.
take away, subtract, abate, reduce, impair. v. i. — See under Dip.
Dipper.
To become or appear less or smaller to lessen. — ; Dipsomania, dip-so-ma'nY-a, n. Inordinate desire for
Dumn''i8lier, n. —
Diminu''tion, -nu''shun, n. Act alcoholic liquors; oenomania.
of, or state of being, etc. reduction in size, quan-
; Dipteral, dip'ter-al, a. {Entom.) Having 2 wings
tity, degree, dignity, or consideration. {Law.) Omis- only. {Anc. Arch.) Having
sion, inaccuracy, or defect in a record. Dimin^u- — a double row of columns
tive, -tiv, a. Of small size; minute; little. — n. Some- on each flank, as well as in
thing of small size or value insignificant thing.; front and rear. Dip'ter- —
(Gram.) A derivative from a noun, denoting~-
a small ous, -us, a. Having 2 wings,
or young object of the kind denoted ~ =_ among
•

by the primitive. —Dimin'utively,

—
-
___^ as
—— insects, or wing-
like processes, as in plants.
',

adv.— Dimin'utivenesB, n. Dimin'- Diminuendo. Dire, dir, a. Evil in a great

uen^do, adv. (Mus.) In a gradually diminishing degree; dreadful; horrible;
manner, —
a direction, written on the staff or indi- terrible. Dire'ness, n. — —
cated as in the margin. Dire'ful, -iul, a. Same as
Dimity, dim'T-tY, n. A kind of stout, white, cotton Dire. Dire'fully, adv. —
cloth, ribbed or figured. Direct, dT-rekf, a. Straight;
Dimple, dim 'pi, n. A slight natural depression on not crooked, oblique, or cir-
the surface of the body, esp. on the cheek or chin cuitous straightforward Dipterous Insect. ;

indentation on any surface. —

v. i. [dimpled (-pld), not swerving from truth a, a, balancers or poisers.
—
;

-PLING.] To form dimples, sink into depressions. and openness; sincere; immediate; unambiguous;
V. t. To mark with, etc. absolute in the line of descent not collateral. ; ;

Din, din, n. Loud, stunning noise racket clamor. (Astron.) In the direction of the general planetary
—
; ;

V. t. [dinned (dind), -king.] To strike with con- rnotion, or from west to east. v. t. To give direc-
tinued or confused sound; to stun with noise. tion or bearing to to determine the course of; to ;

Dine, din, v. i. [dined (dind), dining.] To partake point out the proper course to, put upon the right
of the noon meal, or principal meal of the day to track to instruct as a superior to put a direction
; ; ;

—
take dinner. v. t. To give a dinner to or at. Din''- or address upon, superscribe. — v.i. To give direc- —
ner, n. The principal meal entertainment feast.
; tion, act as guide. Direct'ly, adr. In a direct, im-
; —
Ding, ding, v. i. [dinged (dingd), dinging.] To talk mediate, express, or absolute manner; straightway;
with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration to immediately. Direcfness, n. Direct'er, n.
;
— — —
•bluster; to sound, as a bell, rin^, tinkle. —w. A
Direc'tion, n. Act of directing, or of aiming, regu-
—
thump or stroke, esp. of a bell. Ding'-dong, n. The lating, guiding, or ordering; authoritative instruc-
sound of bells; a repeated and monotonous sound. tion address of a person written upon a thing ;

Dingle, din''gl, n. A narrow dale or valley between sent; superscription; course upon which anything
hills. is moving or aimed to move line or point of tend- ;

Dingy, din'^jY, a. [-gier. -giest.] Soiled; sullied; of ency body of persons charged with the manage- ;

—
dark color; dun. Din'giness, n. ment of a matter administration managemept ; ;

Dinner. See under Dine. government. Direcfive, -iv, a. Having power, or — ;

Dint, dint, v. t. To make a small cavity on, by a blow tending, to direct. Direcfor, -er, n. One who, or —
or pressure. that which, etc. esp. one of a body of persons ap- ;

Diocese, di'o-ses, n. The district in which a bishop pointed to manage the affairs of a company part "

exercises ecclesiastical authority. Diocesan, di-os''-— of a machine which directs its motion or action.
;

—
e-san or di'o-se'san, a. Pert, to, etc. n. bishop. —
Directorate, -rat, n. A
body of directors, or the A
Dip, dip, V. t. [dipped (dipt) or dipt, dipping.] To office of director. Directo'rial, -rt-al, a. Having — —
immerse in a fluid and withdraw again; to plunge. the quality of, or pert, to a director or directory.

siin, cube, full ; moon, fdbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DIREPTION 108 DISCOMFIT
Direct'orshlp, n. Office of, etc. Direct'ory, -rt, — Disavow, dis-a-vow'', v. t. To refuse to acknowledge,
a. Containing directions directorial. n. col- — A deny responsibility for, approbation of, etc. to dis-
lection of directions, rules, or ordinances
;

esp. a prove, disown, disallow. —

Disavow'al, n. Act of,
;

—
;

book of directions for the conduct of worship a ; etc.; disclaimer. Disavow'er, n.

book containing the names and residences of the in- Disband, dis-band', v. t. To loose the bands or banded
habitants of any place a body of directors esp. existence of to disperse; esp. to break up the mili-
;

a committee which held executive po\ver in France

;

tary organization of.

;

—
v. i. To become separated or
under the first republic. scattered; esp. to quit military service by breaking
Direption, dl-rep'shun, n. Act of plundering or de- —
up organization. Disband'msnt, n. Act of, etc.
spoiling. Disbar, dis-bar'', v. t. To expel (barristers) from the bar.
Dirge, derj, n. A piece of mournful music, to accom- Disbark, dis-bark'^ (;,*. To put on shore, disembark.
pany funeral rites. Disbelieve, dis-be-lev', v. t. Not to believe; to hold
Dirk, derk, n. A
kind of dagger or poniard. —
v. t. To not to be true or actual;_to refuse credit to. Disbe- —
stab with, etc. liev'er, w. —
Disbelief, -lef'', >?. Act of, etc.; refusal
Dirt, dert, n. Any filthy substance, as excrement, ol credence; unbelief; system of error.
earth, mud, dnst, etc.— v. t. To make foul or filthy; Disburden, dis-ber''dn, v. t. To rid of a burden, lay
to soil, dirty. —Birfy, -T, a. [diktiek, dirtiest.] off as oppressive, become relieved of, unload, disen-
JDefiled with dirt; nasty; filthy; foul; serving to de-
—
cumber, free. —
v.i. To ease the mind.
file; sordid; base; groveling. !-. <. [dirtied (-tid), Disburse, dis-bers'', r. t. [-bursed (-berstQ, -bursino.]
DIRTYING.] To make filthy, soil to tarnish, scan- To pay out, expend. —Disburse''ment, n. Act of,
— —
;

dalize. Dirfily, adv. Dirt'iness, n. etc.; what is paid out.

Diruption, dl-rup'shun, »i. bursting or rending A Disburthen, dis-ber''t±in, v. t. To disburden.
asunder. Disc. See Disk.
Disable, dis-a^'bl, v. t. [-abled (-a'bld), -ABLING.] To Discard, dis-kard'', v. t. To throw
out of the hand as
render unable or incapable, make unfit for service, useless, —
said of cards; to cast off or dismiss; put or
disqualify, incapacitate. (Laiv.) To deprive of legal thrust awaj', discharge, cashier, reject.
right or qualification. —
Disabil-'ity, -l-tt.n. State Discern, diz-zern'', v. t. [-cerned (-zemd'), -cern-
of being disabled want of competent physical or
; iXG.] To behold as separate, note the distinctive
intellectual power, opportunity, etc., or of legal character of, make out and distinguish by the eye,
qualification. recognize, perceive with the mind, apprehend, pen-
Disabuse, dis-a-buz'', v. t. [-bused (-biizd''), -busing.] etrate, discriminate, descry. v.i. To see the dif- —
To free from mistake, undeceive, set right. ference, make distinction. — Discem'^ible, -T-bl, a.
Disadvantage, dis-ad-van'^tej, n. JDeprivation of ad- Capable of being discerned perceptible visible ; ;

vantage; unfavorable or prejudicial g^uality, condi- evident; manifest. —

Discern'' ibleness, n. Discem''-
;

—
tion, circumstance, etc.; prejudice to interest, fame, ibly, arfw.— Discern'ment, n. Act of discerning;
credit, profit, etc.; loss damage. Disad'vanta''-
;
— faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one
geous, -ta'jus, a. Attended with, etc. inconven- thing from another; judgment; discrimination; pen-
ient; detrimental. —
Disad''vaiita''geously, adv.
;

etration; sagacit3'.
Disaflect, dis-af-fekt', v. t. To alienate the affection Discharge, dis-charj'', v. t. To relieve of a charge,
of, fill with discontent and unfriendliness; to dis- load, or burden, unload; to let go the charge of, as a
turb the functions of, disorder. Disaffec^'tion, ?i. — gun; to relieve from a state of tension, as a Leyden
State of being, etc.; disgust; ill-will; disloyalty; hos- jar; to relieve of something weighing upon one, as a
tility. debt, claim, accusation, etc.; to relieve of an office or
Disagree, dis-a-gre', v. i. [-greed (-gred''), -geee- employment, take out or remove, as a charge, bur-
IXG.] To fail to accord or agree; to lack harmony, den, contents, etc.; to let fly, as a missile, shoot; to
be at variance ; to differ in opinion, be unsuited, relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, per-
have unfitness. —
Disagree-'able, -a^bl, a. Not agree- forming duty, etc.; to perform or execute, as an of-
able, conformable, or congruous; exciting repug- fice, or part; to give forth, emit or send out, give
nance; offensive; displeasing. Disagree'ableness, rent to, utter. —
r. i. To throw off or deliver a load,
n. —Disagree''ably, adv. —
Disagree'ment, n. Act charge, or burden. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
of, or state of being, etc.; difference of opinion; un- thing difchaiged.
suitableness; a falling out or controversy; discrep- Disciple, dis-si-'pl, n.
. One who receives instruction
ancj'; variance; jar; wrangle; discord. from, or accepts the doctrines of, another; pupil;
Disannul, dis-an-nuK, v. t. To annul, render void. follower adherent supporter.
; Dis''cipline, -sT-
; —
Disappear, dis-ap-per'', v.i. [-feared (-perd''), -pear- plin, n. The treatment suited to a disciple or
IXG.] To vanish from sight, become invisible, cease learner; development of the faculties by instruction
to appear or to be perceived; to cease to be or exist, and exercise; training to act in accordance with
become merged in something else. Disappear'^ance, — rules; subjection to rule; punishment byway of cor-
-ans, «. Act of, etc. rection and training. iEccl.) Reformatorj' or penal
Disappoint, dis-ap-point', v. t. To defeat of expecta- action toward a church member. Subject-matter of
tion or hope, hinder of result, tantalize, balk, de- instruction. v. t. —
[-plined (-plind), -plining.J
feat. —
Disappoint ''ment, n. Act of, or state of being, To educate, develop by instruction and exercise;
etc.; that which, etcj miscarriage; frustration^ to accustom to regular action, bring under control,
Disapprove, dis-ap-proov', v. t. [-proved (-proovd''), drill; to improve by corrective methods; to inflict
-PROVING.] To pass unfavorable judgment upon; ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon. Dis''- —
to regard as wrong or inexpedient; to censure; to re- ciplinary, -a-rl, a. Pert, to, or intended for, etc.
fuse official approDation, decline to sanction, disal- Dis'cipluia''rian, -rT-an, «. Pert, to, etc. n. One
low.— Disapprov^ingly, arfw. Disapprov'al, Dis- — who, etc.; esp. one who enforces rigid discfpline.
approba'tion, -pro-ba'^hun, n. Act of disapproving. Disclaim, dis-klam'', v. t. To reject all claim to; to
^ Disap'probatory, -to-rl, a. Containing disappro- deny ownership of, or responsibility for; to refuse
bation; tending to disapprove. to acknowledge, disown, disavow, renounce, reject.
Disarm, diz- or dis-arm'', v. t. To deprive of arms or {Law.) To decline accepting, as an estate, interest,
of means of attack or defense; to deprive of means or office. —
Disclaim'er, n. One who, etc. {Law.)
or disposition to harm. — Disann'ament, n. A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title,
Disarrange, dis-ar-ranj'', v. To unsettle or disturb
t. claim, interest, estate, or trust. public disavowal, A
the order or due arrangement of. — Disarrange'- as of pretensions, opinions, etc.
ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. confusion. ; Disclose, dis-kloz', v. t. To unclose, open; to remove
Disarray, dis-ar-ra'', v. t. To throw into disorder, a cover or envelope from; to bring to light; to make
break the array of to undress, unrobe.
; n. Want — known, as that which has been kept secret, divulge,
of array or regular order; disorder; confusion: state tell, utter. —
V.I. To burst open, gape; to make a
of being imperfectly attired; undress; dishabille. disclosure or revelation.
Disaster, diz-as'ter, n. Orig. a baleful aspect of a Discoid. See under Disk. , ,, , j, .

planet or star. An unfortunate event; esp. a sudden Discolor, dis-kuKer, v. t. To alter the color of, stain,
misfortune ; calamity mischance. ; Disas'trous, — tinge; to alter the true complexion or appearance of.
-trus, a. Attended with, etc. Disas'trously, adv. — Discomfit, dis-kum'fit, v. i. To scatter in fight, break

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — — —

DISCOMFORT 109 DISESTABLISH

up the plans of, throw into perplexity and dejec- rude. — Discour'teotisly, a/lv. — Biscour'tesy, -te-sT,
—n. Rout; overthrow; dis-
tion, disconcert, rout. n. Rudeness of behavior or language.
comfiture. —Diacom'fiture, -fl-chur, n. Act of, or Discous. See under Disx.
state of being-, etc.: defeat; frustration. Discover, dis-kuv'er, r. t. To remove the covering or
DlBcomfort, dis-kum'tert, n. Want of comfort; in- envelope from, expose to view, make known; to ob-
quietude. — V. t. To destroy or disturb the comfort, tain for the iirst time sight or knowledge of, as of a
peace, or happiness of. thing not known; to find out, disclose, reveal, im-
Discompose, dis-koin-poz', r. t. To disarrange, inter- part, detect, invent. —Discov'erable, a Discov'- —
fere with, break up; to throw into disorder, destroy erer, n. One who discovers; one who first finds out
the composure of; to put out of place or service, de- an unknown country, or a new princii»le, truth, or
range, agitate, ruffle, fret, displace.— Discompo''8ure, fact; an explorer. —
Discov'ery, -Sr-I, n. Act of,
-po'/.hur, n. State of being, etc. etc.: thing discovered.
Disconcert, dis-kon-sgrf, v. t. To break up the har- Discredit, dis-kred'it, n. Want of credit; act of dis-
monious progress of, throw into disorder, discom- crediting, or state of being discredited; disa^race; re-
pose, abash, confuse, frustrate. — Disconcer'tion, n. proach. — V. t. To refuse to credit, disbelieve, de-
Disconnect, dis-kon-nekt', v. t. To dissolve the union prive of credibility or of credit, bring reproach upon.
or connection of, sever. —
Disconnec'tion, n. — Discred'itable/d. Tending to injure credit; dis-
Disconsolate, dis-kon'so-lat, a. Destitute of comfort graceful: disreputable.
or consolation; deeply dejected; melancholy; inspir- Discreet, dis-kret', a. Possessed of discernment or
ing; dejection: saddening; cheerless. discretion; wise in avoiding evil, and in adapting
Discontent, dis-kon-tent', n. Want of content; un- —
means to ends; wary. Discre'tion, -kresh'un, n.
easiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction. — Quality of being disccfect; sagacity; freedom to act
V. t. To deprive of content, make imeasy, dissat- according to one's own judgment. —
At (tisrretion.
isfy. — Discontentedly, adv. —
Discontent'edness, Without conditions or stipulations. Discre'tional, —
-ment, n. State of being, etc.; inquietude. -ary, -er-T, n. Left to discretion; unrestrained ex-
Discontinue, dis-kon-tia-'u, v. t. To interrupt the con- cept by judgment. —
Discre'tionally, -arily,_ adv.
—
tinuance of to intermit, as a practice or habit, put
; At or according to discretion. Discrete, -kref, a.
an end to; to cease attention to, or entertainment or Separate; distinct; disjunctive; containing a dis-
reception of; to break the continuity of, disunite. — junctive clause, —
opp. of coTicvete. —
Di8cre''tive,
V. i. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts;, to be -tiv, a. Disjunctive; separating.
separated or severed: to part. —
Discontin'^tier, n. — Discrepant, dis-krep'^ant, a. Discordant; at variance;
Discontin'uance, -nns, n. Act of, or state of being, disagreeing; different. —
Discrep''ance, -ancy, -an-sT,
etc.; want of continuitj' of parts. {Law.) A break- n. State or quahtj' of being, etc.
ing off or interruption of an estate; termination of Discriminate, dis-krim'^t-nat, v. t. To separate, dis-
an action in practice by the voluntary act of the tinguish; to mark as different, distinguish by a pe-
plaintiff; entry on the record that the plaintiff dis- culiar note or sign. —
v. i. To make a difference; to
continues action; teclinicalintfiruption of the pro- distinguish accurately. a. Distinguished; having
ceedings in pleading, when a defendant does not the difference marked. —
Discrim'inateness, n.
answer the whole of the pliintilf's declaration, and Discrim'uia''tion, 71. Act of or state of being, etc.;
,

the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part un- faculty of nicely distinguishing; that which dis-
answered. —
Dis'contin'ua'tion, n. Breach of con- criminates; iiiiirk of distinction. »-Discrim''inative,
tinuity; discontinuance; disruption. —
Discon'tinu'-
— -tiv, a. Marking a difference; characteristic; observ-
ity, -nu't-tt, 71. Want of continuity or cohesion. ing distinctions; discriminating.
Discontin''uous, -u-us, a. Not continuous. Discrown, dis-krown', v. t. To depri.ve of a crown.
Discord, dis'kord, n. Want of concord or agreement; Discursion, Discursory, etc. See under Discourse.
variance leading to contention and strife; dissension; Discus, dis'kus, n:; E.ph Discuses L. pi. Disci, -si. ;

clashing. (Mm.) Union of musical sounds which A quoit ; a disk. See Disk.
strikes the ear disagreeably, owing to the incommen- Discuss, dis-kus', v.t. [-cussed (-kusf), -cussixg.]
surability of the vibrations which they produce. To break up, disperse; to examine orcon.sider by
^ Discord'ant, a. At variance; clashing; jarring;
— disputation. (Law.) To exhaust a remedy against,
opposing. (Mtts.) Not in harmony or concord. as against a debtor before proceeding against the
Discord'antly, adv. —Discord^antnsss, n. Dis- — surety. — Discus''sion, -kush'un, n. Act or process of
cord'' ance, -ancy, -an-sT, «. State or quality of be- discussing; examination by argument; debate; dis-
ing, etc.; inconsistency. putation. — Discuss'ive, -iv, a. Able or tending to
Discount, dis''kownt, n. An allowance made upon an discuss. — Discu'tient, -shent, n. Serving to dis-
account, debt, price asked, etc.; deduction for in- perse morbid matter. —
ii. A
medicine to disperse a
terest, in advancing money upon a bill or note not tumor or any coagula_ted fluid in the body.
due; act of discounting. —
Discount, dis'kownt or Disdain, dis- or diz-dan', v. t. [-dained (-dand'),
dis-kownt', v. t. To deduct fr.om an account, etc.; -DAINIXG.] To reject as not deserving notice to
to loan money upon, deducting the allowance for look with scorn upon, contemn, despise. v.i. To — ;

interest. — v. t. To lend mouev, abating the dis- be filled with contemptuous anger. n. feeling A
count: to anticipate and m.tke allowance for.— DiS'''- of contempt and aversion haughtiness ; scorn
counter, n. —Discounfable, a. arrogance. — ;

Disdain 'ful, -ful, a. Full of, or express-

;

Discountenance, di-s-kown'te-nans, v. t. To put out ing, disdain contemptuous haughty.

; ;

of countenance, put to shame, abash; to refuse to Disease, diz-ez', M. Orig., lack of ease; uneasiness; a
countenance or give approval to, discourage. n. — morbid condition of body; sickness; disorder; dis-
Unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation. temper; malad}'. —
v. t. To afflict with sickness.
Discourage, dis-kur'ej, v. t. To extinguish the cour- Disembody, dis-em-bod'f , v. i. To divest of the body,
age of, deprive of confidence; to deter one from, free from the flesh, discharge from military organi-
dishearten one with respect to, dissuade, discoun- zation.
tenance. — Discour'ageable, a. —
Discour^'agement, Disembogue, dis-em-bog'', v. t. [-bogued (-bogd'),
n. Actof, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. — -BOGUI.XG.] To dischtirge at the mouth, as a stream;
Discour'^ager, n. One who, etc. ,
to_vent — Disembogae'ment, -em'bouchure', -aN'-
Discourse, dis-kors', n. Orig., power to run over, to boo-shoor', n. Discliaige of the waters of a river, etc.
compare and judge; oral exposition of a subject; Disembowel, dis-em-bow'el, v. t. To take out the
talk; conversation; dissertation or treatise; sermon. bowels of, eviscerate, gut.
— v.i. [-COURSED (-korsf), -COURSING.] To exer- Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v. t. To release from some
cise reason; to talk or treat of in writing, in a formal previous connection or engagement to liberate,
—
;

manner. —v. t. To utter or give forth. Discours''- free, extricate, disentangle, wean. v. i. To re-
er, n.— Discours'ive, -iv, a. Reasoning ; containing
—
lease one's self, set one's self free, become de-
dialogue or conversation. Discur'sive, -ker'siv, tached. — Disenga'^gedness, -ga'jed-nes, n. State of
-Bory, -ser-T. a. Discoursive; rambling; digressive. being, etc. —
Disengage-'ment, -gaj'ment, n. Act of,
— Discur'sively, ndr. —
Discur'sion, -shun, n. Ex- or state of being, etc.; freedom from engrossing
patiation; desulto-y talk: act of discoursing. occupation; leisure.
Discourteous, dis-kerfyus o/'-ker'te-us, a. uncivil; Disestablish, dis-es-tab'lish, v. t. To unsettle or

Blin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; iiager or ink, then, boNbou, chair, get.
 DISESTEEM 110 DISOBEY
break up what has been established. Disestab'- — Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grat, v. t. To separate into
lishment, n. Act^or process of, etc. integrant parts. —
Disin'tegrable, a. DiBin'tegra'- —
Disesteem, dis-es-tem'', n. "Want of esteem; low re- tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Geol.)
gard disfavor. v. t. —
To feel an absence of es- Wearing away of strata by atmospheric action.
—
;

teem for, regard with disapproval; to slight. Dis- Disinter, dis-in-ter'', v. t. To taKe out of the grave;
es'tiina''tion, n. Disesteem disfavor. ; to bring out, as from hiding. Disinter'ment, n.—
Disfavor, dis-fa-'ver, n. Want of favor disesteem; ; Disinterested, dis-in'ter-est-ed, a. Not influenced by
state of not being in favor; an unkindiiess; dis- regard to peisonal advantage; free from self-inter-
obliging act. —
V. t. To withhold or withdraw favor e"st unbiased; impartial; indifferent. Disin'ter- —
—
;

from, regard with disesteem. Disfa'vorer, n. — estedly, adv. Disin'^terestedness, ti.

Disfigure, dis-fig'^Qr, v. t. To mar the figure or appear- Disinthrall, dis-iii-thrawK, v. t. To release from
ance of; to render less complete or beautiful, de- thraldom, emancipate. —
DisintliraU''ment, n.
face, injure. —
Disfig'uremeut, -ura'tion, n. Act of, Disjoin, dis-ioin', v. t. To part, disunite, separate.
or state of being, etc.; that which disfigures. V. i. To "become separated, part. Di^oinf, r. t. —
Disfranchise, dis-fran''chiz, v. t. [-chised (-chizd), To put out of joint, dislocate to separate at junc- ;

-CHisiNG.] To deprive of a franchise or chartered tures, break in pieces; to break the natural order
right; to dispossess of the rights oi a citizen, or of and relations of. v. i. —
To fall or break in pieces.
a particular right, as of voting, holding office, etc. — Disjoint'ly, adv. In a disjointed state. Dis- —
— Diufran^'chisement, n. junct', -junkt', a. Disjoined separated. Dis- ; —
Disgorge, dis-gorj', v. t. [-gorged (-gSrjd'), -gor- junc'tion, n. Act of disjoining disunion a dis- ; ;

GiXG.] To eject from the stomach, throat or mouth; junctive proposition. —

Diqjunct''ive, -iv, a. Tend-
—
to vomit ; to pour forth violently, as if from a ing to disjoin; separating; disjoiniug. n. (Gram.}
mouth; to give up, make restitution of. 1\ i. To — A disjunctive conjunction or proposition.
vomit forth what anything contains, m^ke restitu- Disk, Disc, disk, m. A
flat, circular plate; a discus;
tion. —
Disgorge''inent, n. Act of disgorging thing ; quoit. CAsti-on.) The face of a celestial body.
disgorged. (Bot.) The whole surface of a leaf; central part of
Disgrace, dis-gras', n. Lack or loss of favor, support, a radiate compound flov/er; a part of the receptacle
or countenance ignominy infamj' that which
: expanded under or around the
—
; ;

brings dishonor; cause of'shame; oppro_brium; re- pistil. Disc'ous, -us, -oid, -oid'-
proach; dishonor.— r. t. [disgr.^ced (-grasf), -gra- al, a. Disklike circular, wide,
CiXG.] To deprive of favor, dismiss with dishonor, —
and flat. Discoid floweis. (Bot.)
;
'

bring reproach or shame upon, degrade, defame, Compound flowers, consisting of

debase. —
T)iEgrace''ful, -ful, a. Bringing disgrace tubular florets onlj', as the tansy.
or dishonor; shameful; ignominious. Disgrace'- — Dislike, dis-lik'', n. Positive arid
fuJljr, adv. —
Disgrace'fulnesB, n. Disgra'cer, n. — usually permanent aversion; an-
— Disgra'cious, -shus, a. Ungracious unpleasing. ; tipathy; repugnance. v. t. To —
Disgruntle, dis-grun'tl, v. t. To disappoint, dis- have an aversion_to.
please, disconcert. Dislocate, dis'lo-kat, v. t. To dis-
Disguise, dis-giz'', v. t. [-guised (-gizd'), -guising.] place, disjoint, put out of joint.
To change the guise or appearance of; esp. to con- — o. Dislocated.— Disloca''tion,
ceal by an unusual dress, hid.^ by a counterfeit ap- n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
pearance; to affect or change by liquor; to intoxi- {Geol.) Displacemfent of rocks or Discoid Flowers,
cate. n. — A
dress or exterior put on to deceive; portions of strata from their original position.
artificial language or manner assumed for decep- iSu7'g.) A
disjointing; luxation.
tion; change of manner by drink; slight intoxica- Dislodge, dis-loj', v. t. To drive from a lodge or place
tion. of rest or repose, or of hiding or defense. v. i. To —
Disgust, dis-gust'', n. Repugnance to what is oflEen- go from a place of rest. —
Dislodg'ment, n. Act or
sive aversion; distaste; dislike.
; v. t. To pro- — process of dislodging or state of being dislodged.
voke disgust in, offend the taste of, displease. Disloyal, dis-loi^al, a. Not loyal; false to allegiance;
Dish, dish, n. A vessel used for serving up food; any faithless; treacherous; perfidious; false in love; in-
particular kind of food; state of being concave or constant. —DiBloy''aliy, adv. Disloy'alty, n. —
like a dish. w. i. —
[dished (disht), dishing.] To Dismal, diz'mal, a. Gloomy to the eye or ear; sor-
put in a disii, for serving ai table; to make like a rowful and depressing to the feelings; dreary; dole-
dish; to frustrate or disappoint. ful; sorrowful; melancholy.
Dishabille, dis-a-biK, n. Same Deshabille.
as Dismantle, dis-man''tl, v. t. To deprive of dress,
Dishearten, dis-harfn, v. t. [-heartened (-harfnd), strip, deprive of apparatus, furniture, equipments,
-ENING.] To deprive of heart, courage, or hope; to defenses, or fortifications.
dispirit, depress, deject. Dismast, dis-masf, v. t. To deprive of masts.
Dishevel, dT-shev'l, v. t. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To dis- Dismay, dis-ma', v. t. [-mated (-mad'), -mayixg.1
arrange or cause (the hair) to nang loose. To disable with alarm or apprehension to fill with ;

Dishonest, diz- or dis-on''est, a. Wanting in honesty; distressing fear, daunt, appall. n. Loss of firm-
fraudulent; disposed to deceive characterized by ness and energy through tear; discouragement; ter-
fraud. —
Dishon''est]y, arfy. —
Dishon''esty,w. Want
;

ror horror consternation.

; ;

of honesty, probity, or integntj' violation of trust; ; Dismember, dis-mem^ber, v. t. [-bered (-herd), -Ber-
dishonor; unchastity: incontinence. ing.] To divide limb from limb, strip of essential
Dishonor, dis- or diz-on'er, n. Want of hohor; dis- parts, mutilate, sever. —
Dismem'bermeat, n. Act
grace; ignominv; shame; reproach. v. t. To de- of, or state of being, etc.; mutilation division. ;

prive of nonor, bring reproach or shame on; to vio- Dismiss, dis-mis', v. t. [-missed (-misf), -missing.}
late the chastity of, debauch, ravish to refuse to To send awaj', cause or permit to go; to remove from
accept or pay, —
said of a draft or acceptance which
;

office, service, ov employment to lay aside or re- ;

is due and is presented. —

Dishon'orable, a. Bring- ject, as a petition or motion in court. Di8miss''al, —
ing or deserving dishonor; snameful; base; want- -mis'sion, -mish'un, w. Act of dismissintr leave to ;

ing in honor; diso:raced. —

Dishon^'orableness, n. depart; removal from employment; discharge; a
Disincline, dis-in-klin''. r. t. To excite the dislike or
—
setiing aside as trivial or invalid. DiBmiss''ive, -iv, — —
aversion of. Disin''clina''tion, n. State of being a. Giving dismission, or leave to depart. Dim^iss-
disinclined; unwillingness; aversion repugnance. ; ory, -er-I, a. Dismissive dismissing to another ju-;

Disinfect, dis-in-fekf, v. t. To cleanse from infec- risdiction.

- tion. —
Disinfectant, n. That which, etc. Disin- — Dismount, dis-mownt', v. i. To come down, descend,
fec'tion, n. Act of, etc. alight from a horse, —r. t. To throw or bring down
Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, a. Not noble: mean; from an elevation, place of honor and autliority,
unworthy wanting in candor or frankness.
;

— Dis- — etc. to throw or remove from a horse, or from, a

;

ingen-'uously, adv. Disingen^uousness, n. gun cari'iage to break the carriages of (pieces of

;

Disinherit, dis-in-hgr^'it. v. t. To cut of: from hered- artillery).

itary right, deprive of an inheritance. Disinher'- — Disobey, "dis-o-ba', v. t. To neglect or refuse to obey;
itance, -ison, -t-zn, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. i
to break the commands of .— i'. i. To refuse obe-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, evCj term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 DISOBLIGE 111 DISSEMBLE
dience. —DiBobe'dience, -dl-ens, n. Neglect or re- to assign to a service or use, bestow for an object or
fusal, etc. — Disobe'dient. a. Neglecting or refus- purpose to give a tendency or inclination ; esp. to in-
;

ing, etc. —Disobe'diently, adv. cline the mind of .—Disposed', -pozd', p. a. Inclined;
Disoblige, dis-o-blTj'', r. t. To offend by an act of un- minded. — DiBpos'er, — Dispos'able, a.
/i. Subject
Rindness or incivility to be unaccommodating to.
; to disposal liable to be made use of.
; — Dispos'sl,
Disorder, dis-Sr'der, n. Want of order neglect of ; -sure, -zhur, n. Act or power of, etc.; direction: dis-
system; breach of public order ; disturbance of the tribution.'— Disposi'tion, -zisli-'un, n. Act of, or
peace of society ; disturbance of the functions of state, or manner of being, etc. arrangement or- ; ;

the animal economy or of the mind ; malady; dis- der; tendency to an}' action or state resulting from
temper. —
V. t. To disturb the order of, throw into natural constitution natural aptitude of mind or
;

confusion to make sick

; to disturb the regular ; acquired aptitude or character moral character. ;

operations of, derange, discompose. Disor''derly, — Dispossess, dis-pos-ses' or -poz-zes', r. t. To put out
-It, a. In a state of disorder. Disor'^derllness, n. — of possession, eject. — Dlsposses'sion, -sesh'un or
Dlsorgamze. dis-fir'gan-iz, v. t. To break or destroj' -zesh'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Law.)
the organic structure or connected system of ; to An injury to real property which consists of a dep-
throw into Titter disorder. rivation of possession.
Disown, diz- cr dl'^-on', v. t. To refuse to own or ac- Disproportion, dis-pro-por'shun, n. Want of propor-
knowledge to disavow, disclaim, renounce.
; tion or symmetry, of suitableness or adequacy.
Disparage, dis-par'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -agixo.] ?. t. To make unsuitable, mismatch. Dispropor'- —
To dishonor by comparison with what is inferior, tionable, -tional, -tionate, a. Unsuitable; inade^
injure by depreciating comparisons, decry, under- quate. — Dispropor'tionably, -ally, -ately, adv.
value, detract friiin, degrade. Disi)ax''a|gement, ?i. — Disprove, dis-proov', v. i^ To prove to be false or er-
Injurious comparison with an inferior; indignity roneous; to confute, refute. Disprov'er, n. — Dis- —
derogation disgrace.
: —
Dispar'ager, n.
;

prov'able, a. —
Disproof, n. Act of, etc. convic- ;

Disparate, dis'pa-rat. a. Unequal unlike dissim- ; ; tion of error refutation.

;

ilar. \Lo(jic.) Pert, to 2 coordinate species or di- Dispute, dis-put', v. i. To contend in argument, argue
visions. — Dis'^parates, n. pi. Things so unlike that a question for and against, discuss, debate to
they cannot be compared with each other. Dis- — strive in opposition to a competitor. v. t. To — ;

par'ity. -pS,r''T-tT, n. Difference in age, rank, con- argue for and against, discuss to struggle for the ;

Qitioii, or excellence dissimilitude disproportion.

; ; possession of to oppose by argument, call in ques-
;

Dispassion, dis-pash'un, n. Freedom from passion. tion, controvert, doubt, argue, impugn. n. Con- —
Dispas'^sionate, o. Free from, or not dictated by, trovers}''; debate; struggle; altercation. Dispufer, —
passion cool temperate impartial unruffled.
; ; ; ; Dis'putant, n. One who, etc.— Dis'putable, a. Ca-
Dispatch, dis-pach', Despatch', v. t. [-patched pable gif being, etc. controvertible.
; Dis'putable- —
(-pachf), -PATCH IXG.] To send off on a special er- ness, n. — Disputa'tion, n. Act of, etc. argumenta- ;

rand, usually in liaste; to get rid of by sending off ; —

tion. Disputa'tious, -shus, Dispufative, -put'a-tiv,
put out of the way; esp. to put to deatn, kill; to dis- a. Inclined to dispute apt to cavil or controvert.
pose of, as business. v. i. —
To make haste. n.
;

Disqualify, dis-kwoKl-fi, v. t. To render unfit, inca-

The sending of a messenger in haste any sending ; pacitate to deprive of legal capacity, power, or
—
;

away rapid performance, as of business prompt-

; ; right. DisquaFiflca'tion, n. Act of, or state of
ness; speed; a message sent off, esp. from one public being, etc.; disability; esp. legal disability; depriva-
officer to another. tion of legal right or capacity; want of qualification;
Dispel, dis-pel', v. t. [-felled (-peld'), -felling.] that which disqualifles.
To drive away, banish, dissipate. Disquiet, dis-kwi'et, n. Want of quiet or tranquillitj';
Dispense, dis-pens', r. t. [-pensed (-pensf), -pen- uneasiness; restlessness; anxiety. 1\ t. To render
sing.] To deal or divide out in portions; to apply, unquiet, make uneasy, disturb. Disqui^eter, n. — —
as laws, to particular cases to administer, carry Disqui^etness, -etude, -tud, n. Want of peace or
out. — v.t. To permit neglect or omission, suspend
;

tranquillity; disturbance: agitation; anxiety.

operation, followed by with. Dispen''sable, a. — Disquisition, dis-kwT-zish'un, 71. systematic in- A
Capable of being dispensed or administered, of be- quiry intOv or discussion of, any subject; elaborate
ing dispensed with. —
Dispen^'sary, -sa-rT, n. A argumentative essay; dissertation; an immethodical
place in which medicines and medical advice are discussion.
given gratis to the poor sliop in which medicines Disregard, dis-re-gard', v. t. Not to regard; to pay no
are prepared. —
;

Dispensa'tion, ?i. Act of dispen- heed to, neglect, slight. w. —

Act of, or state of
sing or dealing out ; thing dispensed ; esp. (TheoL), being, etc.; omission to notice. Disregard'er, n. —
a system of principles, promises, and rules ordained Disrepute, dis-re-put", -rep'ttta'tion, n. Loss or want
and administered. The granting of a license, or the li- of reputation or credit; disesteem; dishonor; dis-
cense itself, to do what is forbidden. grace. —Disrep'utable, «. Not reputable; tending
Disperse, dis-pgrs', v. t. [-peksed (-pSrsf), -fees- to bring into discredit; low; mean; shameful.
ing.] To scatter here and f here to spread, as knowl- ; Disrespect, dis-re-spekf, n. Want of respect or rev-
edge, light, etc., diffuse, d'sseininate to cause to erence; incivility; irreverence. v. t. To show dis- —
— —
;

vanish or separate. ?•. i. To separate, be dispelled. respect to. Disrespecfful, -f ul, a. Wanting in re-
— Disper'sion, n. Actof,or stateof being, etc. (Opt.) spect; uncivil. —
Disrespecf fully, adv.
Separation of light into its different colored rays. Disrupt, dis-rupf, a. Rent asunder; broken. [L. dis
Dispirit, dis-pir'it, i\ t. To depress the spirits of ; and rinnpere, -riq^tum, to break, burst.] Disrup'- —
dishearten, dejiress, daunt, frij;hten. tion, -ture, -chur, n. Act of, or state of bein^, etc.
Displace, dis-plas', v. t. To cliange the place of, re- Disruptive, -iv, a. Causing, or accompanied oy, etc.
move, put out of place to discharge, depose, dis- Dissatisfy, dis-safis-fi, v. t. To render unsatisfied or
miss, discard. —
;

Displace'able, a. 'Displace'ment,
— discontented; to displease. —
Dissat'isfac'tion, n.
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; quantity of water State or condition of being dissatisfied or discon-
displaced by a floating body, as by a ship. tented; displeasure; disappi'obation; dislike. Dis- —
Display, dis-pla', v. t. [-played (-plad''), -playi.vg.] safisfac'tory, -to-rtj «. Causing dissatisfaction.
Uo unfold, spread wide; to exhibit, set in view os- Dissect, dis-sekf, v. t. To cut in pieces, as an animal
tentatiously, parade, expand. n. An unfolding; or vegetable, to examine the structure and use of
exhibition manifestation
; parade. ; its parts; toanatomize; to analyze into its constit-
Displease, dis-plez', r. t. [-pleased (-plezd''),-PLEAS- uent parts, for purposes of science or criticism.
i.NCi.] Not to please to excite a feeling of disap-
; Dissec'tion, n. Act of dissecting, or of separating
probation or dislike in, make angry, offend, disgust, into constituent parts for critical examiuation. ^
vex, affront. —
Displeas'ure, -plezh''er, n. The Dissecfor, -^r, n.
feeling of one displeased; slight anger or irritation Disseize, dis-sez', v. t. (iaw.) To deprive of actual
that which displeases. seizin or possession to dispossess wrongfull}'.
Disport, dis-port', n. Plav; pastime; diversion. v. i. — ;

Dissemble, dis-sem'bl, v. t. [-sembled (-brd), -bling.]

—
To play, sport. v. t. ')lo divert or amuse. To hide under a false semblance, put an untrue ap-
Dispose, dis-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd';, -posing.] pearance upon, disguise, mask; to make pretense
To distribute and put in place, set in order, regulate; of, feign, dissimulate, cloak, cover. v. i. To con- —
siin, cube, full ,• moon, idbt ; cow, oil; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chaii, get.
 DISSEMINATE 112 DISTRAIN
eeal the real fact, motives, intention, or sentiments, staff for holding the flax, tow, or wool, from which
under some pretense. thread is drawn in spinning by hand; the holder of
Disseminate, dis-sein''T-nat, v. t. To sow, as seed; to a distaff a woman. ;

scatter lor growth and propagation; to spread or ex- Distain, dis-tan', v. t. [-taixed (-tand'), -taining.]
tend by dispersion, diffuse, circulate, disperse. To stain, sully, disgrace. —
Dissem'ina'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; Distant, dis-'taiit, a. Separate; far separated; remott,
diffusion dispersion.
; —
Dissem'inative, -tiv, a. in place, time, consanguinity, etc. — reserved in ;

Tending to, etc. — Dissem'inator, n. manners; cold; faint, obscure,-^ as from distance.
Dissent, dis-sent'', v. i. i'o differ in opinfon, disagree. Dis'^tance, -tans, n. Space between two objects re- ;

{Eccl.) To differ from the established church. To moteness of place interval of time respect cere- ;

be ot a contrarj' nature. —
n. Act of dissenting; dif- moniousness. v. t. [distaxced (-tanst), -taxcixg.] —
; ;

ference of opinion; disagreement. {Eccl.) Separa- To place at, or cause to appear as if at, a distance;
tion from an established church, esp. that of Eng- to leave behind in a race, surpass, excel.
land. —Dissenfer, n. One who dissents; esp. a Distaste, dis-tast' Aversion of the taste; dislike
Protestant who dissents from the churcli of England. of food or drink; disrelish; disgust; alienation of af-
—Dissen'sion, -shun, n. Violent disagreement in fection; displeasure; dissatisfaction. v. t. Not to —
opinion; breach of friendship and union strife. have relish for; to dislike the taste of, loathe.
; Dis- —
-Dissertation, dis-ser-ta'shun, n. A formal or elabo- taste''ful, -ful, a. Unpleasant to the taste; displeas-
rate discourse, disquisition, essay. ing to the feeUuM; nauseous; offensive; repulsive;
Disserve, dis-serv', v. t. To infure, hurt, hariu. manifesting dislike. Distaste 'fully, adv. —
Disserv'ice, -is, n. Injury mischief. Distemper, dis-tem''per, n. morbid state of the A
—
;

Dissever, dis-sev'er, v. t. To part in two, di%'ide asun- animal system, esp. of brutes; ill humor, or bad
der, sever. temper. {Paint.) preparation of opaque or body A
Dissident, dis'st-dent, a. Not agreeing; dissenting. colors, with size instead of oil destemper. v. t. ;
—
n. {Eccl.) One who separates from the established [distempered (-perd), -PERixG.] To derange the
religion a dissenter.
; Dis'^sidence, n. — Disagree- functions of, whether bodily or mental, bring dis-
ment; dissent. ease upon; to disturb, make' ill-humored. (Paint.}
Dissimilar, dis-sim'T-ler, a. Unlike; heterogeneous. To make into distemper. Distem'perature, -chur, —
—Dissim'ilar''ity, -lar'T-tT, w. Want of resemblance; 71. Commixture of contrarieties; confusion; dis-
Tinlikeness; dissimilitude. Dissim'ilarly, -ler-lT,— turbance,- slight illness; mental uneasiness.
adv. —
Dis'simil^itude, -tud, n. Want of similitude; Distend, dis-tend', r. t. To lengthen out, stretch or
unlikeness dissimilarity. {Rhet.) comparison A spread in all directions, dilate, expand, swell. v. i. —
;

—
by contrast. Dissim^'ulate, -lat, v. i. To dissemble, To become expanded or inflated. Disten'sible, -sY- —
feign. —
Dissim'tUa'tion, n. Act of, etc. bl, a.— Disten'tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
Dissipate, dis'sT-pat, v. t. To drive asunder; to de- space occupied by the thing distended.
stroy by wasteful extravagance, scatter, spend, Distich, dis'tik, n. {Pro}.) couple of verses mak- A
squander, consume, lavish. i'. i. To separate and — ing complete sense; a couplet of 2 lines, of different
disappear, waste away, vanish; to be extravagant, kinds of verse, repeated in the same order.
wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure. Distill, dis-tiK, v. i. [-tilled (-liW), -tillixg.] To
Dissipa''tion, n. Act of dissipating or dispersing ; fall in drops, flow gently; to use a still, practice dis-
state of dispersion a dissolute course of life pro- tillation. — v.t. To
let fall in drops; to subject to,
;

fuseness in vicious indulgences a trifle distracting ;

;

or obtain by, distillation to rectify, purify. ; Dis- —

attention; state of distracted attention. till 'er. n. —
Distill ''able, a —
Distilla'tion, n. Act
Dissociate, dis-so'^shl-at, v. t. To separate, disunite. of falling in drops ; operation of extracting spirit
—
Disso'cia'tion, -shl-a''shun, n. Act of dissocia- from a substance by evaporation and condensation;
ting; state of separation; disunion. (C/iem.) Decom- rectification; substance extracted by distilling.
position of chemical bodies etfected by heat or me- DistiU'ery, Works where distilling is car-
-er-f, n.
chanical force, without intervention of chemical at- ried on.
traction. Distinguish, dis-tin'gwish, v. t. [-gltshed (-gwisht),
Dissolve, diz-zolv'', v. t. [-solved (-zolvd'), -solv- -GUISHIXG.] To separate or recognize by Adsible
ing.] To separate into component parts; to break marks; to separate by definition of terms or logical
the continuitj' of, disconnect; to convert into a liq- division of a subject; to recognize by characteristic
uid, melt, liquefy; to destroy the power of; to ter- qualities; to make to differ, discriminate; to make em-
minate, cause to disappear. "(Laiv.) To annul, re-
— —
inent or known, honor. v. i. To make distinctions,
scind. V. i. To waste away, be dissipated; to be- exercise discrimination. —Distin''guished, -gwisht,
come fluid, be melted to 'fade away, vanish. — p. a. Having distinction; eminent; noted; illustrious.
Dissolv'able, a. —
DissoWent, a. HaAang power to
—
;

— Distin'guishing, jj. a. Constituting difference, or

melt or dissolve. n. That which has, etc.; a men- distinction from everything else jieculiar ; char-
i
—
Etruum; solvent. Dissolv'er, w.— Dissoluble, dis'- acteristic. —
Distinct, dis-tinkt'. a. Having the dif-
;

60-lu-bl, a. Capable of being dissolved, liquefied, ference marked distinguished ; spotted varie-
or disunited. —
Dis'^solute, -lut, a. Abandoned to
;

gated; separate in place; not united by growth or

;

vicious pleasures; wanton; vicious: licentious; lewd; otherwise ; different individual not" to be con-
—
; ;

debauched. Dis'solutely, ody.— Dis'soluteness, n. founded with any other thing; definite: clear; ob-
—
Dissolu''tion, n. Act of dissolving, sundering, or vious. — Distinctly, adv. Distinct'^ness, n. —
Dis- —
separating into component parts change from a ; tinc'tion, n. Marking off by visible signs divis- ;

solid to a fluid state; change of form by chemical ion ; discrimination distinguishing quality
; esti- ;

agency; dispersion of an assembly by terminating mation of difference: conspicuous station: superi-

its sessions; breaking up of a partnership; extinc- ority; rank: note; eminence. Distinctive, -iv, a.
tion of life state of Deing dissolved destruction.
; ; Marking or expressing distinction. Distincfively, —
Dissonant, dis'so-nant, a. Discordant; unharmonious; adv. With distinction plainly. :

disagreeing incongruous. ; Dis'^sonance, -nancy, — Distort, dis-tQrf, v. t. To twist but of natural shape,
-si, n. A mingling of discordant sounds jargon ; force out of the true posture or direction, wrest
incongruity; inconsistencv. from the true meaning, deform, pervert, bend.
Dissuade, dis-swad'', v. t. To ad%'ise or Distor''tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. visi- ;

—
exhort against. Dissua'sion, -zhun, ble deformity. —
Distorfive, -iv, a. Causing or
n. Act of dissuading exhortation ; ha^ang distortions.
against a thing a dissuasive. ; Dis- Distract, dis-trakt', v. t. To perplex, confuse ; to
sua'sive, -siv, a. Tending to dis- agitate by conflicting passions: to render insane,
suade. — An
argument, or coun-
n. craze, — used in the p.p. Distrac'tion, n. Con- —
sel, employed to deter one from a fusion of attention, or of affairs perturbation of
measure. mind; a state of disordered reason. Distract'^ive,
;

—
Dissyllable, dis-sil'la-bl, n. word of A -iv, a. C'"asing perplexity. ^Distraught', -trawt'',
2 syllables only. Dissyllab'ic, a.— a. Disti^cted.
Consisting of, etc. -ni-^tifF
-L'lstan:,
Distrain, dis-tran', v. t. [-tratxed (-trand'), -traix-
Distaff, dis'taf, n. ; pi. Distaffs. The IXG.] {Laiv.) To seize for debt, without legal pro-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — — ; ——

DISTRIBUTE 113 DIVORCE

eess. —
Distrain ''or, -er, ?!. —
Dis'trict, n. A defined — Di'^ver, n. One who dives, or who goes deeply into
portion of a state or city for legislative, elective, or a business. (Ornith.) A bird of certain genera,
other purposes; portion of territory' of undefined ex- given to diving. —Di'ving-bell, n. A hollow vessel,
tent; quarter; tract; region; countrv. v. t. To di- — orig. bell-shaped, air-tight, except at the bottom, in
vide into districts. —
Distress'', n. Extreme suffer- which one may go into deep water. —
Dive'dapper,
ing, of body or mind that whicli occasions suffer-
; ?). (Ornith.) The didapper, q. v.
ing state of danger or necessity. {Law.) The act Diverge, dT-verj', v. i. [-verged (-verjd''), -vee-
;

of distraining thing taken by "distraining.

; v. t. — t;iN(;.] To tend from a common point indifferent
[DISTRESSED (-trest'), -TRESSIXG.] To cause pain directions; to deviate gradually from a given line;
or anguisli to. (Law.) To seize for debt, distrain. to vary from a type, or a normal state, or from the
— Distress'ful, -ful, a. Inflicting, indicating, or pro- truth.— Diverge'ment, Diver'gence, -gency, -sT, n.
ceeding from, distress. A receding from each other in radiating lines. Di- —
Distribute, dis-trib'ut, v. t. To divide among sev- ver'gent, «. Deviating gradually, etc.
eral to dispense, administer, apportion, allot, as-
; Divert, dl-verf, v. t. 1\) turn oft from any course,
sign; to divide or separate, as into classes, orders, direction, or intended application to turn from
etc. — V. i. To make distribution. —
Distribu'tion, n.
;

business or study; to please, amuse. —

Divers, di'-
Act of distributing or dispensing; almsgiving; sepa- verz. a. Several; sundry; more than one, but not
ration into parts or classes; classification; arrange- —
many. Di'verse, -vers, a. Different in kind; un-
—
ment of topics in a discourse. (Print.) The sepa- like; dissimilar. adr. In different directions.
ration of type, and placing each letter in its proper Di'versely, adt\ In different wavs, or directions. —
box. —Distrib'utive, -tiv, a. Tending to distribute Diver'sity, -tT, n. A state of aifference unlike-
—
;

dealing to each his share. ncss; multiplicity of difference; variety. Diver'-

District. See under Distrain'. sion, -shun, n. Act of -turning aside, from any oc-
Distnist, dis-trust', r. t. Not to confide in or rely cupation, object, etc.; that which diverts from care
upon: to mistrust, disbelieve. n. —
Doubt of re- or amuses: solace: recreation; sport. (J/i7.) Act
ality or sincerity; suspicion of evil designs. Dis- —
of drawing the attention and force of an enemy
trasffol, -ful, a. Apt to distrust ; suspicious. from the principal point of attack. Diverfive, -iv, —
Disturb, dis-tgrb', v. t. [-turbed (-terbd''), -turb- a. Tending to divert amusing. Diver'sify, -ii,
; —
IXG.] To throw into confusion; to interfere with, V. t. [-FIED (-fid), -FYiNG.] To make diverse or
terminate abruptly; to agitate the mind of, render various in form or qualities.
uneasy, discompose, perplex, trouble. —
Disturb'- Divest, dT-vesf, v. t. To strip, as of clothes, arms, or
ance, -ans, a. Derangement of the regular course of equipage; to deprive. Divest'iture, -t-chur, n. Act —
things; confusion of the mind; public commotion; of, or state of being, etc.
brawl; disorder. Divide, dt-vid'', v.t. To sever into parts; to cause to
Disunite, dis-u-nif, v. t. To destroy the continuity be separate; to make partition of among a number,
or union of; to break the concord of, divide, sever, apportion to make discordant or hostile to separate
; ;

sunder, separate. v- i. To part, become separate. into 2 parts, for ascertaining opinions for and
— Disu'nity, -uT-tl, n. State of separation. Dis- —
against a measure. (Logic.) To separate into
union, -un'^yun, n. Termination of union; a breach species, —v. i. To part, open; to vote by separating
of concord and its effect; in U. S., severance by any a legislative house into 2 parts. Div'iaend, n. The —
State of connection with the Federal government. share of interest or profit of stock in trade, etc., be-
— Disun^'ionist, n. An advocate of disunion. longing to each proprietor. (Arith.) number or A
Disuse, dis-tis'', n. Cessation of use, practice, or ex- quantity to be divided. Divid'er, n. One who, or —
ercise; cessation of custom ; desuetude. Disuse, —
that which, divides esp. 0^^) an instrument for
-uz', V. t. [-USED (-uzd'), -usiXG.] To cease to use dividing lines, describing circles, etc.; compasses.
;

—
or practice, desist from employing; to disaccustom. Divis'ible, -viz^I-bl, a. Capable of being, etc. —
— Di3U''sage, -zej, n. Gradual' cessation of use, etc. Divis'ibil'ity, n. Quality of being divisible. Di- —
Ditch, dich, n. A trench in the earth, esp. one for vis'ion, -vizn'^un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
draining wet land, for fencing inclosures, etc.; a that which divides; portion separated by the divid-
fosse or moat. See Ravelin. r. t. —
[ditched ing of a mass; difference in opinion or feeling; dif-
(dicht). DiTCHiXG.] To dig a ditch in. v. i. To —
ference of condition; separation of the members of
make a ditch. a deliberative body to ascertain the vote. (Arith.)
Dittany, dit'ta-nY, n. (Bot.) An aromatic perennial Process of finding how many times one number or
plant, whose leaves smell like lemon-thyme, and quantity is contained in another; rule by which the
yield an essential oil. operation is performed. (Mil.) section of an A
Ditto, dit'to, contr. Do., n. That which has been army or fleet, complete in itself, and commanded by
said; the aforesaid thing; same thing. adv. As a —
general officer. Divis^ional, a. —
Marking, express-
before; in the same manner; also. ing, or making division; pert, to a division or dis-
Ditty, diftT, n. A song; esp. a little poem to be sung. trict. —
Divi^'sive, -siv, a. Forming division or dis-
Diuresis, di-u-re'sis, n. {Med.) Excretion of urine. tribution; creating division or discord. Divi'sor, —
— Diuret'ic, a. Exciting the secretion and discharge -zer, n. (AvM.) The number by which the div-
of urine. — n. A
medicine which, etc. idend is divmed. Common divisor. Any number—
Diurnal, di-Sr'nal, a. Pert, to the daytime; daily; dividing 2 or more numbers without a remainder.
recurring every day; performed in a Divine, dt-vin', a. Pert, to, proceeding from, or ap-
da}'; constituting the measure of a propriated to God, or celebrating his praise; above
day. (Bot.) Opening during the day, what is human ; superhuman; godlike ; holy; sa-
and closing at night. n. — book of A cred; pert, to divinity or theology. n. priest; — A
the daily service of the Rom. Cath. clergyman; one skilled in divinity; theologian.
Church for the " little hours." — V. t. [divined (-vind'), -vining.] To foresee or
Diur'nally, adv. Daily every day. ; foreknow, foretell, presage, prognosticate. v. i. —
Diutumal, di-u-tgr''nal, a. Of long To practice divination, impart presages of the fu-
continuance. ture, have presages or forebodings, conjecture.^
Divan, dl-van'', n. A
book; collection Divin'or, n. One who practices divination. Div- —
of poems; account-book a council; ina'tion, n. Act or art of divining or foretelling
—
;

the Turkish council of state ; royal future events: augury; omen. Divine'^Iy, adv. In
court; court of justice; office for cus- a godlike manner; by the agency of God. Divin'- —
toms; the council chamber: audience ing-rod, n. A
forked rod, commonly of hazel, used
—
chamber ; saloon for company a Divaricate ; by seekers for water or metals under ground.
kind of cushioned seat. Petals. Divin'ity, -vin'T-tT, 71. State of being divine; god-
Divaricate, di-var'T-kat, v. i. To part into 2 branches; head; the Deity; God; a false god; a celestial being,
to open, fork, diverge from. v. t. To divide into inferior to Goa, but superior to man supernatural ;

2 branches. — a. (Bot.) Widely divergent. power or virtue; awe-inspiring character; supreme

Dive, div, v. i [dived (divd), diving.] To descend dignity; science of divine things; theology.
or plunge into water head first; to plunge thorough- Divisible, Division, etc. See under Divide.
ly into any business or condition; to sink, penetrate. Divorce, dt-vors', n. (Law.) legal dissolution of A
siin, cQbe, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboK, eli«ir, get.
 DIVULaE 114 iiOMESTIC
the marriage contract; separation of a married wom- some skilKul movement ; a dexterous device or
an from the bed and board of her husband separa- ; trick.
tion of things closelj' united the sentence or writ- ; Dodo, do'do, n.; pi. Do'does, -doz. A large bird
ing dissolving marriage.— v. t. [divoeced (-vorst'), of Mauritius, now extinct.
-VORCING.] To separate by divorce^ disunite, sun- Doe, do, 71. A she-deer esp. the female of the fallow-
der. deer. —
Doe'skin, >i. Skin of the doe compact,
;

Divulge, dT-vuli', r. t. [-vulged (-vuljd'), -vulging.] twilled woolen cloth.

To make public, disclose, impart. Doff, dof, V. i. [doffed (doft), doffing.] To put off
Dizen, diz-'n or di'zn, v. t. [dizexed (-znd), dizen- (dress) to rid one's self of, defer.
;

1X6.] To dress gaudily, deck, overdress. Dog, dog, n. A

quadruped of the genus Canis; a
Dizzy, diz'I, a. Having a sensation of vertigo; giddy; mean, worthless fellow a fellow, used humor- ; —
contused indistinct causing giddiness unreflect- ously. (Astron.) One of the 2 constellations in the
— ;
; ;

ing; heedless. r. t. To make giddy, confuse. soutliern hemisphere. An andiron. {Ifech.) A

Djinn, jin, n. See Jinxee. grappling iron ; an iron with fangs to secure a log
Do, do, n. {Mus.) A syllable attached to the 1st tone to be sawed; a catch or clutch, esp. the carrier of a
of the major diatonic scale for solraization. lathe, and an adjustable stop to change the motion
Do, doo, V. t. or aiuriliary. limjy. did p. p. done ; of a machine tool. v. t. —
[dogged (dogd), dog-
(dun) DOING.] To perform, execute, make to ging.] To follow insidiously or persistently to
;

produce, as an effect or result to perform com- ;

;

worry hunt. —
Dog'ged, a. Surly obstinate.
;

—
pletely, finish, accomplish ; to cook completely ; to
;

Dog-^edly, adv. Dog-'gedness, «. —

Dog'gisli, a. — ;

translate or transform into, as a written text; to de- Churlish snappish. ;

—
Bog's-ear, dogz'er, ?i. The
ceive, play a trick upon, hoax, humbug. (Stock corner of the leaf of a book turiied down. v. t. To —
——
Exchange.) To cash or advance money for, as a turn down, etc. Dog-'-eared, -erd, a. Having the
bill or note. v. i. —
To act or behave to fare to corners, etc. Dog^'gerel, -ger-el, a. Low in style
be in a state with regard to health.
; ;

and irregular in measure, said of poetry. «. — —

Do, doo, V. i. To be worth, be fit, avail, manage, ac- Mean^ undignified verse.
complish a purpose, as, this ivill do. — Doge, doj, n. The chief magistrate in the republics of
Do., vron. difto. See Ditto. Venice and Genoa.
Docile, dos''il, a. Teachable ready to learn tract- Dogma, dog^ma, n. ; E. pi. -mas, -maz Z. pi. -mata,
able. —Docil'lty, -tt, n. Teachableness.
;

Doc'ible, —
;

-ma-ta. That which is held as an opinion an es-

;

Docile. — Doc'lbleness, -iblFitjr, n.

;

a. tablished tenet ; peremptory opinion, a principle of

Dock, dok, n. A plant, some species of which are doctrine asserted without sufficient evidence. Dog- —
weeds, having a long tap-root. mafic, -ical, a. Pert, to a dogma; disposed to assert
Dock, dok, V. t. [docked (dokt), docking.] To cut authoritatively; magisterial; positive. Dogmatic- —
off, as the end of a thing, curtail, clip to deduct ; ally, adr. Arrogantly; positively. Dogmat'ics, n. —
from to destroy or defeat, bar. — n. The stump of ging. Science of Christian doctruies doctrinal the-
;

a tail, or part left after clipping case to cover a ology. —

Dog''matism, -tizm, n. Arrogance or posi-
;

horse's clipped tail. Dock''et, n. summary or

;

A tive'riess in opinion. Dog'^matize, v. i. —

[-xized
digest a label tied to goods. {Law.) An abridged
; (-tizd), -TiziXG.] To assert positively teach with ;

entry of proceedings in an action, or list of such en- bold and undue confidence. Dog'^matist, -tiz'er, ?;. —
tries; list of causes ready for hearing or trial. list A Doily, doi'lT, n. A
small napkin, generally colored,
of matters to be acted on in any assembly. v. t. To — used with fruit and wine.
make an abstract of the heads of; to enter in a dock- Dole, dol, n. Act of dividing and distributing ; thing
et, mark the contents of on the back, as of papers. distributed; alms; gratuity. v.t. [doled (dold),
Dock, dok, n. An inclosure or basin to receive vessels; doling.] To deal out in small portions ; distribute.
space between 2 piers for ships; place where the ac- Doleful, doKful, a. Full of grief; piteous; rueful; wo-
cused stands in court. v. t. —
To place in a dock. lul; dismal.— Dolc'some, -sum, a. Doleful; sorrow-
Doctor, dok-'ter, n. One qualified to teach; a learned ful. —
Do''lor, n. Pain grief distress anguish. ; ; ;

man one who has received the highest degree in a

; Dol'^orous, -us, a. Full of, or occasioning grief
faculty; one licensed to practice medicine ; a physi- painful ; distressing.
cian ; a mechanical contrivance to remedy a diffi- DoU, dol, w. A puppet or image of a baby for a child.
culty. —v. i. [DOCTORED (-terd), -TOEING.] To at- Dollar, doKler, n. A silver coin of the if. S., equal to
tend or treat as a physician ; to make a doctor; to 100 cents a coin of similar value, current in Mex-
;

alter for the better to adulterate, tamper with, fal-

; ico, S. Amer., Spain, etc.; the value of a dollar.
sify.— v. i. To practice physic— Doc'toral, a. Pert, Dolman, doKman, n. A lady's cloak.
to the degree or practice of a doctor. Doc'torate, — Dolphin, doKfin, n. (Ichth.) A cetaceous mammal, the
-at, -ship, 71. The degree of a doctor. Doc'toress,
A
female doctor. — — true dolphin also a fish of about 5 feet in length,
;

celebrated for its changes of color when dying.

Doc'tress, n. Doc'trine, -trin, n.
Act of teaching instruction thing taught; body of
; ; (Entom.) A
species of apnis infesting beans. (Jyaut.')
principles in any branch of knowledge dogma ; A rope or strap wound round a mast to support
tenet.— Doc'trinal, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.— the puddening when the lower yards rest in the
Doc'trinaire', -tre-nar''. n. One who rigidly ap- slings a spar secured to an anchor to which cables
;

plies to practical concerns the abstract doctrines of may be bent; a mooring-post.

his own philosophical system a political theorist Dolt, dolt, 71. A heavy, stupid feUow, blockhead, ig-
propounder of new opinions. a. Pert, to, etc. —;

— noramus, dmice, simpleton.

Doc'ument, n. An original or oflHcial paper, relied Domain, do-man'', n. Dominion; authority; territory
upon as the basis or support of anything else. t'. t. — over which dominion is exerted; landed property;
To furnish with documents. Document^al, a. Pert, estate; esp. land about the mansion-house of a lord,
to, consisting in, or derived from, etc. Document''- and in his immediate occupancy. (Zaiv.) Owner-
ary, -rT, a. Pert, to written evidence ; consisting in ship of land, estate, or patrimony, in one's own
documents. right.
Dodecagon, do-dek''a-gon, w.' (Geom.) A regular poly- Dome, dom, n. A building; house. (A7-cJi.) A struc-
gon, bounded by 12 equal ture above the roof, usually hemispherical in form;
sides, and containing 12 cupola; an erection resembling a cupola.
equal angles. Dodec'a- — Domestic, do-mes'tik, a. Pert, to the house or home,
he'dron, n. A regular to one's place of residence and famih', also to a na^
solid contained under 12 tion considered as a family, or to one's own coun-
equal and regular penta- try intestine; remaining much at home; devoted to
;

gons a solid having 12

; home duties or pleasures; living near the habitations
equal faces. of man; tame; made in one's own house, nation, or
Dodge, doj, v. i. [dodged country. 7i. —
One who lives in the family of an-
(dojd), dodging.] To other, as hired assistant: pi. articles of home manu-
start suddenly aside, be facture, esp. cotton goods. Domes^ticate, -kat, v.t. —
evasive, quibble. v. t. Dodecahedrons. To make domestic, conduct as if at home, accustom
To evade by starting aside 71.Act of evading by to live near the habitations of man, tame.— Domes''-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; in, Ice ; 6dd, tone. Or
 DOMINATE 115 DOUBLE
tlca'^tion, Act of domesticating. Domestic'ity,
re. — Dorian, do'rt-an, Doric, dor'ik, a. Pert, to Doris, or
State of bein^ domestic; a liousuliold
-tis'I-tl, n. tlie Dorian race, in ancient Greece. {Ardi.) Pert,
act or life. — Dom'icile,
-sil, n. An abode or man- to, or resembling, the 2d order of columns, between
sion; place of i)eniiaiient residence. (.Law.) Resi- the Tuscan and Ionic. See Capital.
dence at a particular place accompanied witli proof Dormant, dSr'inant, a. Sleeping; not in action; qui-
of an intention to remain there. v. t. —
[dujiicilku escent; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on. (Her.)
(-sild), -CILIXG.] To establish in a fixed residence. In a sleeping posture. —
n. {Ardi.) The large beam
—
Domicil'iary, -sil't-a-rl or -siKya-rT, a. Pert, to lying across a room; a joist; sleeper. Dor'mancy, —
domicile, or the _residence of a person or family. -si, n. State of being dormant.
Domicil''iate, -T-at, v. t. To domicile. — Dor'mer, D.-win'dow, n.
Dominate, dom't-nat, v. t. To predominate over, rule, (Ardi.) A vertical window on
—
govern. v. i. To predominate.— Dom''inance,-iian- the inclined roof of a house. —
Dor'mitive, -tiv, n. {Med.) A
——
cjr, -sT, n. Ascendency; authority. Dom^inant, a.
Kuling; prevailing; predominant" n. (Mas.) The medicine to piomote sleep; an
6th tone of the scale. —Domina'tion, n. Act of dom- opiate, narcotic, soporific. — a.
inating: exercise of power in ruling; government; Causing sleep.— Dor'mitory, -ri,
authority; the 4th of the supposed orders of angeli- n. A room or set of rooms for
cal beings. —
Dom^inative, -tiv, a. Ruling; imperi- sleeping in; bed-room. Doj-mer-window.
ous. —Dom''iiiator, -ter, n. A
ruler or ruling power; Dormouse, dSr'muws, n. ; pi. -mice,
—
predominant influence. Domineer', r. i. [-xeered -mis. A small rodent manunal which feeds on
(-nerd'';, -SEERiN'G.j To rule with insolence or ar- acorns, nuts, etc., like the squirrel, and is torpid in
bitrary sway. —
Domin'ion, -j'un, n. Supreme au- winter.
"
predominance; territoryoverwliich author- Dorsal, dor'sal, a. Pert, to the back.
thoritj';
ity is exercised. —
Domin'^ical, a. Pert, to, or given Dory, do'rl, n. A
fish. See Dokee. canoe or —A
•
by, our Lord; indicating Sunday. small boat.
Dominie. dom'T-nl, n. In Scot., a schoolmaster, par- Dose, dos, n. Quantity of medicine given at one time;
son. — Dom'ino, n. ; 7;/. -nos or -noes, -uoz. cape A as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive;
—
with a hood, formerly worn anything nauseous that one musf take. v. t.
by priests over liead and face; •
•
• •
• [dosed (dost), DosiXG.] To form into doses, give
• •
a hood worn by canons of a in doses, give medicine to, give potions to constantly
• •
cathedral church; a woman's iiiiiiiiiniiiiiuiH
and without need, give anything nauseous to.
mourning veil, or half-mask; Dost, dust. Second pers. pr. of do.
Dot, dot, n. A small spot, made with a pen or point.
• • • »

a loose cloak, with a hood, •

used as a disguise; one wear-
• • 4
— V. t. To mark with dots or specks, diversify with
ing a domino, pi. game A Dominos.
liiinTiiiuIJJIilkli I luiii nil
small detached objects. v. i. —
To make dots or
^ayed with 28 pieces of ivory, specks. —
Dot'ted, 7J. a. Marked with dots; diver-
—
indented with spots from a 1 to double 6. One of the sified with small, detached objects. Dotted note.
pieces of the game. —
Don, n. Sir; Mr. Signor, ; — {Mas.) A note followed by a dot to indicate an in-
crease of length equal to i of its simple value. D.
title of courtesy in Spain; a grand personage, or one
affecting conseq^uence. pi. The heads of colleges rest. A rest lengthened by a dot. [Notes and rests
— —
and fellows of i,ngiish universities. Dona, don'ya, are sometimes loLlowed by 2 dots, to indicate an in-
n. Lady ; Mistress Madam, a Spanish title of crease of length equal to % of their simple value.]
—
;

courtesy for women.

a lady in Italy.
Don''na, -na, n. The title of
—
Duenna, doo-en'na, ?i. pi. -na.s,
-naz. The chief lady in waiting on the Queen of
,•
-z:r ^ :§zEz:
t-
Spain; an elderly lady in charge of young ladies in
Spain or Portugal; a governess.
Don, don, v. t.
on, invest one
[doxned (dond), doxxing.] To put
s self with, — opp. to do_ff'.
I Dotted Notes and Rests.
Dot, a dowry, Dotal, Dotation. See under Dowek.
Donate, do''nat, v. t. To give, esp. for "a specific ob- Dote, dot, V. i. To have the intellect impaired, esp.
ject. — Dona'tion, n. Act of giving; thing given or by age, so that the mind wavers; to be excessively or
Destowed, gift, grant.- {Law.) Act by wliich one foolislily fond. —
Do'ter, -tard, ?i. One who, etc.—
transfers to anotlier the title to a thing of which he Do'tage, -tej, n. Childishness; imbecility; senility;
is owner, without any consideration. Do'nor, -ner, — excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.
n. A giver; benefactor. (Law.) One who confers a Dot'tard, n. A
decayed tree.— Dot 'terel, -ter-el,
power. —
Donee', -ne', n. One to whom a gift is -trel, n. A wading bird, like the plover, easily taken
made. (Laiv.) Party executing a power; appointor. by stratagem; a silly fellow; dupe.
Done. See Do. rouble, dub'l, a. Twofold multiplied by 2 in-
; ;

Done, dun, p. p. Given out; issued; made public, creased by its equivalent; in pairs; presenting 2 of
used in the dating clause of an official public docu- a set together coupled
; divided into 2 vacilla-
; ;

ment. ting; deceitful. {Bot.) Having several rows of pet-

Doi^on, dun'jun, n. A tower in ancient castles, the als formed by cultivation from stamens and car-
strongest part of the fortifications; the keep. See pels. —adv. Twice twofold.
; v. t. —
[doubled
C.VSTLE. [Same as dungeon, q. v.] (-Id), -HXG.] To multiply by 2, make twice as
Donkey, don'kT, n. : pi. -keys, -kiz. An ass, or mule; great, duplicate; to fold one part upon another part
a stupid or •bstinate fellow. Don'key-en'gine, «.— of; to contain or be worth twice as much as; to pass
•A small assistant engine in steam-vessels. around or by. {Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so
Donna. See under Domixie. as to form one. —
v. i. To increase or grow to twice
Donor. Se^e under Do.vate. as much; to return upon one's track. (Print.) To
Doodle, doo'dl, n. A trifler,
simpleton. set up a word or phrase a second time by mistake.
Doom, doom, v. t. [doomed (dcjomd), doomixg.] To n. Twice as mucli; that which is doubfed together;
pronounce sentence or judgment on, condemn; to a plait; fold; a turn in running to escape pursuers;
ordain as penalty; to mulct or fine; to assess a tax a trick shift artifice a counterpart; a roofing
upon; to destine, fate. n. Judicial sentence; penal
: ;

slate of the smallest size used.

;

—
Doub'ler, n. —
decree; that to which one is sentenced; panalty; un- Doub'ly, -II, adr. In twice the quantity.— Doub'-
happy fate. lenesB, ». —
Double-entendre, doo'bl-oN-tox'dr, n.
Door, dor, ?i. An opening in the wall of a house for An expression admitting of a double interpretation,
.going in and out at; frame by which such an open- one of which is often indelicate. Doub'let, n. Two —
ing IS closed; means of access; entrance-way, and of the same kind; a pair; couple. {Piint.) word A
the apartment to which it leads. or phrase unintentionally doubled. Inner garment
Dor, Dorr, dSr, Dor'-beetle, Dor'-bug, n. large, A of a man; waistcoat. {Lapidary Work.) counter- A
destructive tree-beetle; the cockchafer; May-bug; — feit stone, composed of 2 pieces of crystal, with color
the imago of the voracious white grub-worm. between them. (Opt.) An arrangement of two
Doree, do-re' or do'rt, Do'ry, -rl, John'-dory, n. lenses for a microscope, to correct spherical aberra-
An acanthopterygious fish, of a golden yellow color. tion and chromatic dispersion, pi. Two dice, hav-

sttn, cube, full ; moon, fdSt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, box box, chair, get.
 DOUBT 116 DRAGON
ing each the same number of spots on the upper ward. —w. {Mining.) The ventilating shatc down
face.— Doubloon'', -loan'', n. A Spanish and Portu- which air passes to a mine.
guese coin, double the value of the pistole, worth Dowry. See under Doweu.
nearly |1G. Dowse, dows, v. t. [dowsed (dowst), dowsing.] To
Doubt, dowt, V. i. To be in uncertainty respecting strike in the face. (Nuuf.) To strike or lower in
anything to be undetermined, waver, fluctuate,
;
haste, slacken suddenly. To extinguish.
hesitate; to fear, be apprehensive, scruple, suspect. Doxology, doks-oKo-jT, w. A short liymn of praise to
— v.t. To question or hold questionable, hesitate God. —
Doxolog'ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
to believe; to fear, apprehend, suspect, believe. Doze, doz, V. i. [dozed (dozd), dozi.ng.] To slum-
n. Uncertainty of mind or of condition; fear; dif- ber, sleep lightly, be drowsj' or half asleep. v.t, —
ficultv expl-essed or urged for solution objection.— To pass or spend in drowsiness. n. Alight sleep i
;
—
Doubt ful, -ful, ce. Not settled in opinion; admit-
-^ drowse; slumber.
ting of doubt'; not clear or certain; not easy to be Dozen, duz'n, n. ; pi. Dozen (before another noun)
defined, classed, or named; ambiguous; equivocal; or Dozens, -nz. A
collection of 12 individuals a
of uncertain issue; affected by fear. Doutoffully, — set of 1'2; an
indefinite number.
;

adv. — Doubt 'fulness, n. —

Doubt'less, adv. With- Drab, drab, n. A
woman of vile character a strum- ;

out doubt or question; unquestionably. Du''bious, — pet ; prostitute. A

thick, woolen cloth of a dun
-bT-us, a. _Doubtf ul. — Du'biously, adv. color; a dull brownish-yellow or gray color. a. Of —
Douceur, doo-ser', n. A present; gift; bribe. a dun color.
Douche, doosh, n. A jet of water or vapor directed
Drabble, drab'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To
—
upon part of the body, to benefit it medicinally. draggle; to wet and befoul. v. i. To fish for bar-
Dough., do, n. A mass of flour or meal moistened and bels with a long line and rod. DraS, draf, n. Ref- —
kneaded, but not yet baked. use; lees; dregs; hog-wash; grains given to cows.
Doughty, doWtl, a. Characterized by Dravery; val- Drachma, drak''ma, n. ; E-jA. -mas, -maz, L. pi. -m.e,
iant; redoubtable. -me. A
Greek silver coin a Greek weight of about ;

Douse, dows, r. t. [doused (dowst), dousing.] To 2 dwt. 7 gr. Troy. Dram, Drachm, dram, n. In —
thrust or plunM into water to dip. [Not the same
; apothecaries' weight, 1-Sth ounce, or 60 grains: in
as dowse, q. v.] avoirdupois weight, l-16th ounce; a minute quan-
Dove, duv, n. A bird of the pigeon family, some spe- tity, mite as much liquor as is drunk at once ha^
; ;

cies of which are domesticated; a pigeon; esp. tame bifual intemperance.

pigeon. —
Dove'-cot, -cote,-kot, n. A Draconian, dra-ko^'nt-an, o. Pert, to Draco, an Athe-
building or box for doves. Dove''- — nian lawgiver, who punished aU crimes with death;
tail, n. {Carp.) A joint or tenon rigorous CMiel. ;

made by letting one piece, in the Draft, draft, n. Act of drawing, esp. of loads by
form of a dove's tail spread, into a beasts. {Mil.) A selection of rnen from a military
corresponding cavity in another, so band, also from any collection of persons. An*or-
that it cannot be drawn out. —v. t. der directing the paj'ment of money bill of ex- ;

[-TAILED (-tald), -TAILING.] To Unite change; deduction from the gross weight of goods ;
b_v, etc.; to fit ingeniously. Dovetails. a figure described on paper s Ketch outline depth ; ; ;

Dover's Powder, do'verz-pow'der. of water necessary to float a ship a current of air.

{Med.) A compound of ipecacuaaha, opium, and V. t. —
To draw the outline of, delineate to com-
;

sugar of milk, a sedative and sudorific. pose and write to draw from a military band or :

Dowable, Dowager. See under Dower. post, or from any company; to detach. Drafts'- —
Dowdy, dow^'dl, a. Awkward; vulgar-looking. n. —
man, n. Same as Deaugu'tsman. —Drafts, n. A
An awkward, ill-dressed woman. Dow'diness, n. — game. [See Draughts, under Draw.]
Dowel, dow'el, v.<. [-eled (-eld), -elixg.] To fasten Drag, drag, r. t. [dragged (dragd), dragging.] To
together by dowels. n. A dowel-pin a piece of draw along by main force, pull, haul to pulverize
; ;

wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces ma^' be (land) by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to pass
nailed to it. —
Dow'el-pin, n. A pin of wood or metal through (water) with a drag to draw along labori- ;

used for joining two pieces, as of wood, stones, etc. ously, as something burdensome to pass in pain or
Dower, dow'er, n. Endowment; gift; property with with difficulty. v. i. To be drawn along on the — ;

which a woman is endowed, esp. that which a ground to move heavily or slowly onward to fish
; ;

wonian brings to a husband in marriage, or that with a drag. n. net, to be drawn along the bot- — A
portion of a man's real estate which his widow en- tom under water, to raise sunken bodies; a sledge for
joys during her life, or to which a woman is enti- heavy bodies a carriage; a heavy harrow, for break- ;

tled after the death of her husband. —

Dow'ry, -rT, n. ing up clods a burglar's implement for forcing ;

A gift; the estate which a woman brings to her hus- safes something to retard the progress of a mov-
;

band in marriage; portion given with a wife; dower. ing body a clog a heavy motion, as if dragged ;

—
;

Dot, dot, n. In France arid in Louisiana, a dowry. along. (Founding.) The bottom part of a flask.
— Do'tal, a. Pert, to, constituting, or comprised —
Draggle, drag'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.)
in, etc. —
Dota'tion, n. Act of bestowing a dowry To dirty by drawing on the ground or on wet grass;
on a woman, or of establishing funds for the sup- to drabble. v. i. To become wet or dirty by, etc. —
port of (an institution, charity, etc.). —
Bow''able, Dragoman, drag''o-man, w. ; pi. -mans. An inter-
a. Capable of being endowed; entitled to dower. preter, in the Levant and the East.
— Dow'ager, -jer, n. (Eng. Lavj.) A
widow en- Dragon, drag'un, n. {Mi/th.) monstrous winged A
dowed, or having a jointure. A title given in Eng. serpent or liz-
to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her z a r d with ,

husband's heir bearing the same name. . crested head

Down, down, n. Fine, soft, hairv outgrowth from the and claws. A
skin or surface of animals or plants. Down'y, -T, a. — fierce, violent
Covered with, made of, or like, down; soft; qui6t. person. {As-
Down, down, n. A
hillock of sand tlirown up by the tron.) A north-
wind near the shore; a tract of sandy, level, and ern constella-
barren land. tion figured as I

Down, down, prep. In a descending direction alon^; a dragon. A

toward the mouth of a river. —
adv. In a descend- luminous ex-
ing direction tending to a lower place or condition
: halation from
from a remoter or higher antiquity; to a less bulk; marshy
in a low position or condition; on the ground; in grounds, mov-
humilitv, dejection, misery, etc. —
a. Downcast ing like a ;

dejected downright
; plain ; absolute ; positive; winged ser-
;

downward; proceeding from the chief terminus. pent a short ;

n.pl. A
state of depression; abasement; failure, musket hooked Dragon.
as, ups and downs. —
Down ''cast, a. Cast downward; to a swivel at-
directed to the ground flowing or circulating down-
; tached to a soldier's belt, decorated with a Axag,-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 — — —— ——

DRAIN 117 DRILL

ob's head at the muzzle. {Zo'61.) A genus of E. sentation {Com.) an order for payment of money,
;

Indian reptiles, havin<r an extension of the ribs, bill of exchange, draft; a current of air that which ;

covered with a fringe-like arrangement of the skin, draws, as, a sink or drain jd. {Med.) a mild vesi-
;

which enables it to glide through the air for short catory, a sinapism. Capacity of being drawn.
distances. [In Scripture the term dragon is applied {Naut.) Depth of water necessary to float a ship,
to marine fishes or serpents, to venomous land ser- esp. when laden. {Com.) Allowance on goods, to
pents, and to Satan.] —
Drag''onet, n. A little drag- insure full weight, pi. A game played on a check-
on. {Ichth.) A fish of the goby family. Dragoon', — ered board; checkers. The bevel given to the pat-
-goon'', n. (Jlil.) A
cavalry soldier, formerly — tern for a casting, that it may be drawn from the
trained to serve also on foot. r. t. [dragooned — sand without injury to the mold. —
a. Used for
(-gt)ond'), -GOONiXG.] To reduce to subjection or drawing; drawn directly fi-om the barrel, etc. v.t.
persecute, by soldiers; to harass, force, persecute. —
To draw out, call forth. Draught '-board, n. Board
Drain, dran, v. t. [drained (drand), draining.] To on which draughts are played. —
Draughts'man, n.;
draw off by degrees to empty or exhaust of to
; ; pi. -MEN. One who draws writings or designs.
make gradually dry or empty; to exhaust of wealth, Drawl, drawl, v. i. and t. [drawled (drawld), drawl-
resources, etc. to filter.; v.i. To flow off gradu-— ing.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone. n. A
ally; to be emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping. lengthened utterance of the voice.
— n. Act of draining, or of emptying by drawing Dray, dra, n. A low cart for heavy burdens drawn by
off that by which anything is drained, a channel,
; a norse; a drag; a squirrel's nest. —
Dray 'age, -ej,
trench, water-course, s'eSver. Drain'^age, -ej, n. — A n. Use of a dray, or charge therefor.
draining mode in whicli the waters of a country
; Dread, dred, n. Overwhelming apprehension of dan-
pass otf by its streams. {Engin.) System of drains ger; reverential fear; awe; terror; dismay; an object
removing water from towns, etc. of fear. —
a. Exciting fear; terrible; fri^tful; ven-
Drake, drak. n. The male of the duck kind; the drake- erable in the highest degree. v. t. lo fear in a
fly a small piece of artillery.
; great degree; to regard with terrific apprehension.
Dram. See under Drachma. V. i. To be in great fear.— Dread'fol, -ful, a. In-
Drama, dra'ma, or dra'ma, n. A composition, to be spiring dread, awe, or reverence terrible ; shock-
;

acted, representing phases of human life a real ; ing.

series of events invested with dramatic unity. Dream, drem,w. A series of thoughts in sleep; a sleep-
Dramafic, -ical, a. —
Dram'atist, n. Author of ing vision; an idle fancy _or suspicion; revery; va-
a dramatic composition writer of plays. Dram'a-
;
— gary. —V. i. [dreamed (dremd) or dreamt (dremt),
tize, -tiz, V. t. [-TIZED (-tizd), -tizing.] To com- DREAMING.] To have images in the mind, during
pose in the form of the drama, represent in, etc. — slumber; to let the mind run on in revery; to antici-
Dram'^atis Perso'^nae, -ne. The characters repre- pate as a coming reality to imagine.
; v. t. —
To im-
sented in a play; interlocutors in a drama. agine, think of, or believe in a dream, or in an anal-
Drape, drap, v. i. [draped (drapt), draping.] To ogous state. —
Dream'er, n. —
Dream'y, -T, a.
—
make cloth. v. t. To cover or adorn with drapery. [DREAMIER; DREAMIEST.] P'ull of dreams; appro-
— Dra''per, n. One who sells cloths. Dra-'pery, — priate to dreams.— Dream'less, a. Free from, etc.
-per-I, n. Occupation of a draper cloth, or woolen ; Drear, Dreary, drer'I, a. [drearier -iest.] Ex- ;

stuffs in general; garments with which anything is citing cheerless sensations or associations; comfort-
draped; hangings of any kind, esp. clothing of the less; dismal; gloom3'.
human figure in sculpture and in painting. Dredge, drej, n. An instrument to take by dragging,
Drastic, dras''tik, a. {Med.) Acting with violence ; esp. a machine for taking up mud, etc., from the bed
powerful. of a stream. —
?;. i. [dredged (drejd), dredging.]
Draught, etc. See under DRA\y. _ To catch, gather, or deepen with a dredge.
Draw, draw, v. t. [i»!p. drew (droo) p. p. deawn ; ; Dredge, drej, v. t. To sprinkle flour on (meat, etc.).
drawing.] To bring toward or after one by force ; n. A mixture of oats and barley sown together.
to pull along, drag to attract, entice, bring forth,
; Dregs, dregz, n. pi. Corrupt or defiling matter con-
as, to pull from a receptacle, extract, deduce from tained in a liquid, or precipitated from it: feculence;
premises, receive from a lottery, win; to remove the lees; sediment; the vilest part of anything.
contents of, as, to drain b}' emptying, extract the Drench, drench, v. t. [drenched (drencht), drench-
bowels of; to inhale, utter or produce by inhalation; ing.] To cause to drink; esp. to put a potion down
to extend in length, stretch to extend, or produce, ; the throat of as of ahorse; to purge violently; to
,

as a line on any surface, form by marking, produce, wet thoroughly, soak, saturate with liquid. n. — A
as a sketch or picture to form a figure or picture
; drink; draught; esp. a potion of medicine forced
of, delineate, depict to write in due form, prepare
; down the throat; one that causes purging.
a draught of to require a depth of (water) for Dress, dres, v. t. [dressed (drest) or drest, dress-
floating, —
said of a
;

vessel to sink in water. v. i. ; — ing.] To make straight. {Mil.) To arrange as sol-

To pull, exert strength in drawing have force to ; diers in a straight line, align. To adjust, put in good
drag along to exert an attractive force. {Med.)
; order; to treat with remedies, as a sore; to prepare
—
To act as a sinapism, said of a blister, poultice, etc. for use, get ready. {Mach.) To cut to proper di-
To furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.; to un- mensions; to smooth or finish work. To put clothes
sheathe ; to sketch, paint, etc. ; to become con- upon, attire, array, adorn; to break and train for
tracted, shrink to move, come, or go, lit., to draw
; use, as a horse. —
v.i. {Mil.) To arrange one's self
one's self, —
with prepositions and adverbs; to make in a line of soldiers. To clothe one's self. n. —
a written demand for money deposited or due. n. — Clothes; garments: a lady's gown; attention to ap-
Act of drawing, draught a lot or chance drawn ;

— ; parel, or skill in adjusting it. —

Dress'ing, n. Dress;
part of a bridge raised or drawn aside. Draw'er, raiment; an application to a sore or wound; manure
n. One who, or that which, etc. One who draws spread over land. {Cookery.) Stuflfing forcemeat. ;

liquor one who delineates, a draughtsman one

; ; Gum, starch, etc., used in preparing silk, linen,
who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment etc. (Arch.) An ornamental molding around doors,
thing drawn a sliding box in a case pi. an under-
;

windows, etc. —
Dress'y, -i, a. Attentive to, or
;

—
garment for the legs. Drawee', n. Person to whom showy in, dress.
;

an order or bill of exchange is addressed, or on Dribble, Driblet. See under Drop.

whom it is drawn. — Draw'back, n. A discourage- Drier. See under Dry.
ment or hindrance. {Com.) Money paid back Drift, etc. See under Drive. ;

esp. duties paid back by the government, on ex- Drill, dril, v. t. [drilled (drUd), drilling.] To
portation of commodities on which they were levied. pierce or bore with a drill; to train in the military
— Draught, draft, n. Act of drawing as, of moving art, instruct in the rudiments of any branch of
knowledge. — v. i. To muster for military or other
;

loads, of drawing a net, of drinking, {Mil.) of draw-

ing men from a military band or from any company, exercise. — n. A pointed instrument for boring
of delineating; representation; thing drawn, as, that holes in metals and other hard substances: see Bit,
taken by sweeping with a net; quantity drawn in at under Bite; a drill-press; training of soldiers in the
once in drinking; a potion or potation {Mil.) forces military art; instruction in any business. — Drill'-
ing, n. Act of piercing with a drill. — Drill'-presB,
;

drawn, a detachment a sketch, outline, or repre-

;

siin, cQbe, fijU ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 DRILL 118 DROWSE
n. Amachine-tool for boring in metal.
-sar'jent, n. A
non-
— sergeant, a fool ; idiot.
idiot ; fool.
—
Driveler, driv'l-5r, n. slabbercr • A
commissioned officer Drizzle, driz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.1 To rain
who drills soldiers. gently, fall in very small drops. v. t. To shed in —
Drill, dril, V. t. and i. To —
minute^ops. n. Fine rain or mist; mizzle.
sow (seeds) in rows, Droll, drol, o. Fitted to provoke laughter; queer;
drills, or channels. n. funny; comical. — n. One who raises mirth by odd
An implement for tricks; jester; builoon; antic; something exhibited
making holes for sow- for sport; a farce. —
Droll-'ery, -er-T, n. Quality of
ing seed; a furrow to being droll; archness; fun.
put seed into. Dril''-— Dromedary, drum''e-d^r-T, n. A species of camel hav-
Ung, n. Act of plant- ing one bunch on the back,
ing witha drill. — disting. fr. the Bactrian
Drill' -plow, -plough, n. Camel, which has two.
A plow for sowing Drone, dron, n. The male of
grain in drills. the honey-bee, which makes
DriUing, driKling, n. A no honey, but after living a
coarse linen or cotton few weeks, is killed or driven (

cloth, for trowsers, etc. from the hive; a lazy fellow;

Drink, drink, sluggard. —
v. i. [droned
i

V. i. [imp. (drond), DRONING.] To live in

D E A N K ,
idleness. — n. A humming, Dromedary.
form erly low sound; that which gives out a monotonous tone,
DRUNK p. as, the largest tube of the bagpipe. v.i. To give a
». DRUNK or
;

low, heavy, dull sound. —

v. t. To read or recite in a
DRANK, dull, monotonous tone.
formerly Drool, drool, v. i. To drop saliva. _
DRUNKEN Droop, droop, v. i. [drooped (droopt), drooping.]
DRINKING.! Drill-nress
urui-press.
To sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc.,
To swallow from weakness; to grow faint, be dispirited, flag.
anything liquid; to partake of intoxicating liquors Drop, drop, n. The quantity of fluid which falls in
in merriment, feasting, etc., or to excess. v. i. To —
one small spherical mass; globule about to fall;
swallow (liquids), imbibe, absorb; to take in through smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; what-
the senses, hear, see. —
n. Liquor to be swallowed. ever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an ele-
— Drink'^er, n. One who, etc.; esp. who uses spirit- vated position, as, a door or platform opening down-
uous liquors to excess.— Drink'' able, a. — Drunk, a. ward, trapdoor, machine for lowering weights to a
Overcome by drinking intoxicated inebriated. —
; ; ship's deck, contrivance for lowering a gas jet, cur-
Drank'' en, -n, a. Drunk; given to excessive drink- tain which drops in front of a stage, etc. a drop-
ing ;pert, to or proceeding from intoxication. —
press. (MacJi.) Distance of a shaft below the base
;

Drunk ''enness, n. State of being, etc. inebriety; of a hanger, pi. Any medicine measured by drops.
disorder of the faculties as if from intoxication.
;

—
(NoMt.) Depth of a sail, from head to foot, amid-
Drunk''ard, n. One who habitually drinks to excess; ships. V. t. —
[dropped (dropt), -ping.] To pour
a toper, inebriate. or let fall in drops, distiU; to cause to descend sud-
Drip, etc. See under Drop. denly, let fall; to let go, dismiss, set aside; to com-
Drive, driv, v. t. [imp. drove (drov); p. p. deiten municate in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner;
(driv'n); driving.] To push forward, compel to to lower, as a curtain, the muzzle of a gun, etc.; to
move on; to chase, hunt; to urge on and guide, as send by dropping into the post-office box, as a letter;
beasts drawing a vehicle; to take in a carriage. (Min- to cover with drops, speckle, bedrop; to give birth
ing.) To dig horizontally. To urge, impel, hurry tor- to, — said of sheep, cattle, etc. — v. i. To distill,
ward, force, constrain; to carry on, prosecute. v. fall in globules, let drops fall; to descend suddenlj',
i. To rush and press with violence; to be impelled; abruptly, or spontaneously; to die suddenly, come
to proceed by urging on a vehicle or the animals to an end, cease to come unexpectedly to fall to ;

lower. — Drip, v. i. and t. [dripped (dript), drip-

; ;

drawing it; to aim or tend to a point. -^w. An ex-

cursion in a carriage, —
disting. fr. a ride, which is ping.] To let fall in drops. — n. A falling in drops;
taken on horseback; a road for driving a direct that which falls in drops. (Arch.) Edge of a roof
blow given to a cricket ball. —
Driv'er, n. One
;

eaves; cornice. —
Drip''ping, n. What falls in drops,
who or that which, etc. esp. one who drives horses,
; as fat from roasting meat. Drib''ble, -bl, v. i. —
runs a locomotive, oversees slaves, etc. (3Iach.) That [-bled (-bid), -BLING.] To fall in drops, or in a quick
which communicates motion to something else. succession of drops; to slaver, as a child or idiot. —
(JVaict.) The after-sail in a ship, etc.; spanker: see i\t. To throw down in drops. Drib''let, -let, w. A —
Sail. — Drift, n. That which is driven; a mass of very small drop; small quantity or sum.
matter forced into its present position; a drove or Dropsy, drop''sT, n. (Med.) An unnatural collection
flock, as of cattle, birds, etc.; act or motion of drift- of serous fluid in any part of the body. (Bot.) A
—
ing, force which impels; course along which any- disease of plants, occasioned by excess of water.
thing driven; tendency of an act, argument, etc.;
is Drop''sical, a. Diseased with, like, or pert, to,
object aimed at; import of words. (Arch.) The hor- dropsy. — Drop''sicalness, n.
izontal force which an arch exerts. (Geol.) col- A Drosky, dros-'kl, n. A
4-wheeled Russian carriage a ;

lection of earth and rocks distributed ov3r portions kind of victoria used in German cities.
of the earth's surface. (Mech.) A
conical hand- Dross, dros, n. The scum or extraneous matter of
tool for shaping a hole in metal. (Mil.) tool for A metals, thrown off in melting; rust; crust of metals;
driving down the composition in a firework. (Min- impure matter; refuse.
ing.) A passage under ground. (Naut.) Direction Drought, drowt, n. Dryness of the weather, prevent-
of a current; distance to which a vessel is drawn off ing growth of plants. —
Drought''y, -1, a. Char-
from her desired course a piece in the sheer-draught,
; acterized by drought ; thirsty. Drouglit''iness, n. —
where the rail is cut off. v. i. —
To be driven along — Drouth, n. Same as Drought.
by a current of water; to be driven into heaps. (3fin- Drove, Drover. See under Drive.
ing.) To follow a vein, prospect. v. t. —
To drive Drown, drown, r. t. [drowned (drownd), drown-
into heaps. —
Drove, drov, n. A collection of cattle, ing.] To overwhelm in water, submerge, deluge:
etc., for driving or in motion; a moving, crowd of to deprive of life by immersion, sink under water
people. (Agr.) A
drain or channel for irrigating till dead to overpower, overcome. v. i. To be —
land. —
Drov^'er, n. A
driver of sheep, cattle, etc.
;

suffocated in water or other fluid.

Drivel, driv'l, w. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To let spit- Drowse, drowz, v. i. [drowsed (drowzd), drows-
tle tlowfrom the mouth, like a child or dotard; to be ing.] To
sleep unsoundly, slumber. v. t. To make —
—
weak or foolish; to dote. n. Slaver; saliva flowing heavy with sleepiness. n. — A
slight or imperfect
from the mouth; unmeaning utterance; nonsense; sleep; a doze. —
Drow'sy, -z\, a. [-sier, -siest.}
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone,. &r ;
 DRUB 119 DUMB
Inclined to doze; heav}' with sleepiness; disposing into water and suddenly withdraw; to immerse: to
to sleep stupid ; soporific. — Drow'sily, adv. — lunge the head of in water, immediately with-
;

D-ow'sinesB, n.
§ rawing it to bow, stoop, or nod.
; v. i. To —
Drab, drub, v. t. [drubbed (drubd), drubbixo.J To plunge the head in water to drop the head or per-
beat with a stick, thrash, pommel. —
n. A blow with son suddenly. Duck''ling, n. —
young duck.
;

A
a stick or cudgel; a thump. Duct, dukt, n. Any tube by which a fluid or other
Drudge, druj, v. i. [drudged (drujd), drudging.] substance is conducted *'o its destination. Duc''-
To work hard, labor in mean offices with toil. n. — tile, -til, a. Easily led or drawn out; tractable; flex-
—
One who drudges. Dradg'ery, -er-T, n. Act of ible; pliable; obsequious; capable of being drawn
drudging; hard labor; ignoble toil. out into wire or threads. Duc'tileness, -til''ity, —
Drag, drug, n. Any substance used in the composi- -t-tT, 71.

tion of medicine, or in dveing or in chemical opera- Dudgeon, duj'un, re. A small dagger; hilt of a dagger;
tions; any commodity that lies on hand, or is not anger; resentment; malice; ill-will; discord.
salable.— v.i. [drugged (drugd), -gixg.] To ad- Duds, dudz, n.])l. ()ld clothes tattered garments;
minister drugs. —
i?. <. To sea.son with drugs; tinc- effects in general.
;

ture with something offensive or injurious; dose to Due, du, a. Owed; proper to be paid or done to an-
excess.— Drug'gist, n. One who deals in drugs, other required by the circumstances
; suitable ; ;

esp. one who buys and sells, without compounding enforced by conscience becoming appropriate;
—
; ;

them. Drug'get, n. A coarse woolen cloth, to fit appointed exact liable to come at any mo-
; ; ;

protect carpets. ment owing occasioned. — adv. Directly ex-

; ; ;

Draid, droo'id, n. A priest among the ancient Celts acth'; duly. n. Thai which is owed, or which
in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. —
Dra'idesB, n. A custom, station, or law requires to be paid; a fee;
female Druid enchantress. —
Druid'ic, -leal, a. emolument; right; just title or claim. Duty, -tT, —
—
;

Pert, to, or like Druids or their religion. Dru'id- n. What is due Iroin one to another; esp. what one
ism, n. System of religion, philosophy, etc., of, etc. is bound, by any obligation, to do, or refrain from
Dram, drum, n. {Mus.) A hollow cylinder or hemi- doing; service rendered; respectful obedience,
sphere, upon which vellum is stretched, to be said esp. of military service ; reverence regard. ;

beaten with a stick. {Mil.) A

drummer. Anj-thing {Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise.—
drum-shaped, as a sheet-iron radiator, receiving Du'teous, -te-us, a. Performing what is due; or
heat from a stove-pipe a cylindrical box in which
; what law, justice, or propriety requires. — Du'teous-
figs, etc., are packed. {AnatA The tympanum or ly, ac/i. — Du'teousness, H. — Du'tiable, -tT-a-bl, a.
barrel of the ear. {Arch.) The upright part of a Subject to the payment of a duty. — Du'tiful, -ful, a.
cupola; also the bell-formed part of the Corinthian Performing obligations required by law, justice, or
and composite capitals. (J/ecA.) A
cylinder revolv- propriety submissive to superiors controlled by,
; ;

ing on an axis, for turning wheels by means of or proceeding from, a sense of dutv obedient ;

straps around it. {Ichth.) A fish which makes a respectful. —

Du'tifully, adv. Du'tifulness, n. —
drumming or grunting sound under water. v. i. — Duel, du'el, w. A
combat between 2 persons; esp. a
[DRUMJiED (drumd), drumming.] To beat on a premeditated fight between 2 persons to decide a
arum, beat with the fingers, as with drum-sticks; difference. — v.i. To fight in single combat. v.t.
to beat, as the heart, throb; to go about to gather To attack or fight singly. Du'eUst, n. One who, —
recruits, secure partisans, customers, etc. v. t. To — etc. —
DueKlo, n. A
duel; practice of dueling; code
execute on a drum, as a tune; with out, to expel of laws regulating it.
with beat of drum; with up, to assemble by beat of See under Dominie.
Buenna.
drum; without up, to solicit the custom of.— Dram'- Duet. See under Duo.
mer, n. One who beats, etc.; a traveling salesman. Dug, dug, n. A teat, or nipple, esp. of a beast.
— Druin''ming, w. Act of beating (a drum); act of Dug. See Dig.
striking repeatedly with the ends of the fingers, etc.; Duke, duk, n. Orig. a leader; chief; in Eng. one of
noise made by a partridge hy beating liis wings upon the highest order of nobility next below the Prince
his sides. —Droni'^stick, n. Stick for beating a of Wales; in some European countries, a sovereign
drum; upper joint of a fowl's leg, shaped like, etc. prince without the title of king. -r-Duke'dom, -dum,
Drunk, Dnmkard, etc. See under Drink. n. Seigniory or possessions, title or quality, of a
Drupe, droop, n. (Bot.) A pulpy, coriaceous or duke. —
Duch''ess, w. The consort of a duke; a lady
fibrous pericarp or fruit, without valves, containing having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.
a nut or stone with a kernel. See Pericarp. Du'cal, a. —
Pert, to, etc. JDu'cally, adv. — —
Dry, dri, a. [drier, driest.] Free from moisture, Duch'y, -T, n. Dukedom. Duc'at, n. A coin of —
as (said of the weather) free from rain or mist, (of several countries in Europe, struck in the domin-
vegetable matter) from juices or sap, (of animals) ions of a duke.
not giving milk, (of persons) thirsty, needing drink, Dulcet, duKset, a. Sweet to the taste, the ear, or the
("of the eyes) not shedding tears; destitute of that mind; luscious melodious ;

which interests or amuses unembellished plain

; harmonious.
; ; Dul''cimer, — ;

characterized by shrewdness, or sarcasm; sharp. «. A stringed instrument,

(Fine Arts.) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness played on with little sticks
of execution. —
r. t. [dried (drid), drying.] To or metallic rods.
free from moisture. v.i. To srow dry, lose mois- Dull, dul, a. Slow of under-
ture; to evaporate wholly, be exhaled. standing slow in action, ;

Duad, Dual, Duarchy, etc. See under Duo. motion,"perception, sensibil-

Dualin. See Nitro-glycerine. ity, etc.; lacking sharpness;
Dub, dub, V. t. [dubbed (dubd), -bing.J To strike blunt not bright or clear ;

with a sword and make a knight; to invest with any to the eye heavy gross ; ; ;

dignity, entitle; to prepare (a game cock) for fight- insensible furnishing lit- Dulcimer. ;

ing, by trimming the tie delight or variety; inanimate; sluggish; tar-

hackles and cutting off nished; obtuse. —r. «. [dulled (duld), -LING.] To
the comb and gills. make dull, stupid, or sluggish stupefy to make ; ;

Dubious, Dubitation, etc. blunt to dim or obscure to deprive of activity.

See under Doubt. v.i. To become dull. — ; ;

Ducal, Ducat, Duchy, etc. Duly. See under Due.

See under Duke. Dumb, dum, a. Without power of speech not will-
Duck, duk, n. A kind of ing to speak; mute; silent. — ;

coarse cloth or light Dumb''-bells, n. Two spheres of iron |

canvas, for tents, small

sails, bed-sacking, etc.
Duck, duk, n. A water
connected by a bar, for swinging
in the hands. show, ?«.
without words; pantomime.
Gesture — —
fowl; a dip of the head.
— -wait'er, ;;. movable frame to A
V. t. [ducked (dukt), carry dishes, etc., frcmi one story to
DUCKtNG.J To plunge Duck (A. boschas). another. —
Dumbfound, -founder. Dumb-bells.
sun, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; lijjger w ink, tiien, boifboi^, chair, get.
 DUMP 120 DYSPEPSIA
i;. t. To strike dumb, eonfuse. — Dtun^'my, -mX, n.
[DUPED (dupt), DUPING.] To deceive, trick, mis-
One who is dumb; a dumb-waiter; a sham package lead by imposing on one's credulity.
in a shop figure on which clothing is exhibited; a Duple, Duplicate, Duplicity, etc. See under Duo.
;

locomotive with condensing engines, and without Dure, dur, v. i. [dured (durd), during.] To endure,
the noise of escaping steam; the exposed hand when last, continue. — Du'rable, a. Able to endure or
3 persons play at cards a clumsy, awkward, or continue in a particular condition; not perishable
;

thick-witted fellow; one who plays a merely nom- or changeable; permanent; firm; stable: constant.
inal part in any action; a thing which ts not what it Du'rableness, -bil^ity, -tl, >!. — Du'rably, adv.— —
pretends to be. — a. Silent; mute; sham. Dur''ance, -ans, w. Continuance; duration; impris-
Dump, dump, n. A gloomy state of the mind melan- onment; duress. Dura'tion, n. Quality of endur-
; —
. choly; despondencj', — usually in pi. ing ; continuance in time ; prolonged existence ;
Oomp,*' [dumped (dumpt), dumping.] To
dump, n. i. portion of time during which anything exists.
unload from a cart by tilting it. Dur^ing, prep. In the time of as long as the ac-
Dumpy, dump''!, a. Short and thick. — Dump'ling, tion or existence of.
;

n. A thick pudding or mass of paste in cookery. Durst. See Dare.

Dun, dun, a. Of a dark color partaking of brown Dusk, dusk, a. Tending to darl^ness or blackness ;
and black; swarthy; dark: gloomy; obscure. — v.t. darkish.
;

n. Imperfect obscurity twilight a — : ;

To cure, as codfish, so as to give them a dun color. color partially black or dark.— Dusk-'y, -T, a. Par-
Dun, dun, V. t. [DUNNED (dund), -ning.] To beset, or tially dark or obscure; dark-colored; gloomy; sad ;
ask with importunity, as a debtor, for payment. — intellectually clouded.
One who duns; an urgent demand of payment.
n. Dust, dust, n. Very fine, dry particles of earth, etc. ;
Dunce, duns, n. A person of weak intellect a dul- ; powder fine sand the earth as the resting-place
; ;

lard; dolt; thickskuU; simpleton^ of the dead; the grave; a low condition gold-dust :

Dunderhead, dun^der-hed, -pate, -pat, n. A dunce. —

money; specie. f. t. To free from dust, sprink-
Dune, doon, n. A low hill of sand on a sea-coast. lewith dust, reduce to powder. Dusfer, n. One —
Dung, dung, n. The excrement of an animal. v. t. — who, or that which, etc. an overgarment to protect
—
;

[DUNGED (dungd), DUNGING.] To manure with dung. the clothes from dust. Dust'y.-T, a. [-ier, -iest.j
Dungeon, dun'jun, n. A donjon, q. v., and see Cas- Filled, covered, sprinkled with, or like, etc. Dust'- —
tle; a secure prison; esp. adark, subterranean place iness, n.
of confinement. Dutch, duch, a. Pert, to Holland, to its inhabitants,
—
.

Dunker, dunk'er, n. Same as Tunker. or their language, used also, incorrectly, of Ger-
Duo, du'o, n. (Mm.) A duet. Duet, du-et', ?i. -A — mans. —
V. t. To render clear and hard by (lipping
musical composition for two performers. DU'^al, — into hot oil, sand, etc., as goose-quills. —
a. Expressing or consisting of the number 2; pert, Duumvir. See under Duo.
to 2. — Du''alism, -izm, n. The di^dding into 2 Dwarf, dwawrf, n. An animal or plant much below
anj'thing divided into 2 a twofold division a sys- ; :
;

ordinary size ; esp., a diminutive man. — v. t.

tem which assumes, or is founded on a double prin- [dwarfed (dwawrlt), dwarfing.] To hinder from
ciple. —
Du'^alist, n. One who believes in dualism. growing to the natural size to stunt.
—
:

Dualist 'ic, a. Consisting of 2; pert, to dualism Dwell, dwel, v. i. [dwelled (dweld) usually dwelt,
—
or duality. Dual'ity, -t-tT, n. That which expresses DAVELLiNG.] To abide as a permanent resident to ;

2 in number; division; separation; state or qualitj' inhabit for a time to be domiciled, reside, stay,
of being 2. —
Du'ad, n. Union of 2 ; duality. — remain. — ;

Dwell'lng, 7i. Habitation; abode; domi-

Du'archy, -ar-kl, n. Government by 2 persons. cile.— Dwell'ing-house, n. A house intended for
— Du'ple, a. Double. — Du'plex, a. Double;
-pi,
twofold. — Du'^plicate, -kat, a. Double; twofold.—
residence, disting. f r. a store, officcj etc.
Place of residence, abode.
— place, n.

n. That which exactly resembles something else Dwindle, dwin''dl, r. i. [-deed (-did), -dling.] To
a copy transcript counterpart that which is of
; ; ;
;

diminish, waste away. v. t. —

To make less, bring
the same kind as some other thing, but not neces- low; to break, disperse.'— m. Process of dwindling ;
sarily resembling it in other respects. {Law.) A decline.
document essentially the same as another, and dif- Dye, di, v. [dyed (did), dying.] To stain, color,
fering from a mere copy in having all the validity
t.
give a new and permanent color to. Dy'er, n. — —
of an original. v. t. —
To double; to make a copy Dye''-house, n. Place where dyeing is carried on. —
of. (Physiol.) To divide into 2 by natural growth -stuff, n. Material used in dyeing.
or spontaneous action. —
Ihiplicate proxiortion or Dying. See Die.
ratio. (Math.) The proportion or ratio of squares. Dyke. See Dike.
— Duplica''tion, n. Act of duplicating. (Physiol.) Dynamic, di-nam''ik, -ical, a. Pert, to strength or
Act or process of dividing by natural growth or power, or to dynamics. —
Dynam^ics, n. sing. Sci-
spontaneous action. — Du''plicative, -tiv, a. Having ence of moving'forces, —
opp. to statics ; the moAing
the quality of doubling. — Du'plicature, -chur, n. moral or phj'sical forces of any kind, or laws whicS
A doubling a fold, as of a membrane or vessel. relate to them. (Mus.) Science of the force of mu-
;

Duplic^ity, -plis''I-tT, n. Doubleness of heart, sical sounds. —

Dsrnam'eter, ?(. (Opt.) An instru-
speech, or dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; ment to determine the magnifj'ing power of tele-
deception. (Law.) The use of two or more distinct
— scopes.— Dynamet'rical, a. Pert, to, etc. Dy'nam-
—
—
, allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. ite, n. See Nitro-glycerine. Dyn'amom'eter,
'
Duumvir, du-um'ver, n.;p2. -viri, -vT-rl. One of n. An instrument lor measuring power, esp. that
2 otficers or magistratQs in ancient Rome united of animals, men, or machines. D3m'amomet''ric, —
in the same public functions.— Duuni'virate, -rat, -rical, a. Pert, to a dynamometer, or the measure of
n. Union of 2 men in one office; office, dignity, or force. —
Dy'nasty, -tT, n. Sovereigntj' esp. a race ;

rule of, etc. of kings, of the same line, governing a particular

Duodecimal, du-o-des't-mal, a. Proceeding in com- country. —
Dynas'tic, a. Pert, to, etc.
putation by twelves. Duodec'imals, n.pl. (Arith.)— Dysentery, dis'en-ter-T, n. (Med.) Inflammation of
A kind of multiplication in which the denomina-
— the rectum or colon, with griping pains, desire to
tions proceed by twelves, as of feet and inches. evacuate the bowels, and discharges of mucus and
Duodec'lmo, a. Formed of sheets folded so as to blood. —
Dysenter'^ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, accompanied
—
make 12 leaves. n. ; pi. -MOS. book in which a A with, proceeding from, or afllicted with, etc.
sheet is folded into 12 leaves the size of a book ; Dyspepsia, dis pep'sT-a or -sha, -sy, -sT, n. (Med.) Dis-
thus composed, —
usually indicated thus: 12mo, or turbance of the functions of the stomach chronic
12°. — Duode^num, n. (Anat.) The first of the small diflBculty of digestion. —
Dyspep'tic, -tical, a. Af-
;

intestines, about 12 fingers' breadth in length. flicted with, pert, to, or consisting in, etc. Dya- —
Dupe, dup, 11. One who is misled ; a gull. — v. t. pep'tic, n. One afflicted with, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 121 ECCENTRIC

E.
E, p., the 2d vowel and 5th letter of the English alpha- a. Ofor pert, to, etc.; terrestrial; gross; unrefined.
bet, is usuallj' silent at the end of words, but indi- — Earth'ly, -IT, a. Pert, to earth ; not heavenly or
cates that the preceding- vowel has its loiig sound, spiritual; sordid carnal ; mean ; groveling ; of all
;

where otherwise it would be short, as iu mane, mete, things on earth ; possible.

which without the final e would be pronounced Ease, ez, n. Freedom from pain, trouble, toil, con-
mCin, met. {Mus.) E is tlie .3d tone of the model straint, etc. repose ;_tranquillity
; facility; readi- ;

diatonic scale. El> (E flat) is a tone intermediate ness. —v.t. [eased (ezd;, EASING.] To tree from
between D and E. wliat pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to render less
Each, ech, a. A distrib. adj. pron., used either with painful, disgusting, or oppressive; to release from
or without a following noun, and denoting every or restraint, shilt a little.
pre.-isure Eas'y. -T, a. —
one of the individuals composing a whole, con- [easier, -lEST.] At ease; free from pain, etc.: not
sidered separately from the rest. [To each corre- causing pain or exertion; not dithciilt: causing ease
sponds other. Lack oilier is used elliptically for or comfort not resisting
; tranquil c;'lin ;com- ; ;

each the other.'] pliant. {Com.) Not~straitened in money matters.

Eager, e'ger, a. Orig. sharp; sour: keen; excited by — Eas'ily, -IT, adi'. With ease; readily; gently.
desire lu pursuit of an object ardent to pursue,
; Easel, e'zl, n. A wooden frame to support pictures
perform, or obtain earnest.
; while being painted.
Eagle, e'gl, n. A rapacious bird of the falcon familj': East, est, 11. The point in the heavens
its fio;ure is used as a where the sun rises at the equinox ;

heraldic emblem and point opposite the west; eastern part of

for standards and em- acountry; regions east of any country;
blematic devices; a gold esp., the southern parts of Asia. a. —
coin of the U. S., worth Toward the rising sun. v. i. To move —
$10. —
Ea'gless. w. A toward the east to orientate. ; East- —
female eagle. —
Ea^glet, north-east, east-south-east, etc. See Com-
n. A young eagle.— Ea'- pass. —
Easfern, a. Situated in, etc.;
gle-eyed,
sighted.
a. Sharp- Eagle. oriental; going toward the east. Easf-
emmost', a. Most eastern. Easf- ——
Ear, er, n. The organ of hearing; sense of hearing; ward, adv. Toward the east. Easf- Easel. —
willingness to listen attention regard ; part of any-
; erly, -IT, a. Coming from, also, situated or moving
—
;

thing like an animal's ear. Ear- — toward, etc. adv. On or toward, etc. Ea8t''ing, —
less, a. Without ears; deaf; unwil- n. {Nav. Sf Surv.) Distance eastward from a given
ling to hear.— Ear'drop, n. An ear- meridian.
ring. (Bot.) The auricula, a kind Easter, esfer, E. day, n. A festival, celebrated on the
of primrose. lap, n. Tip of the Sundaj^ after Good Friday, commemorating Christ's
lock, n. A curl of hair near resurrection, corresponding to the Jewish passover.
ear.
the ear; love-lock. —
mark, n-
mark on the ear, by slitting or
A Easy. See under Ease.
Eat, et, V. t. Jimp. EAT (ft) or ate (at); p. p. eat (et)
cropping, to identify a sheep, etc.; o?- EATEN (efn); eatixg.] To swallow or partake
any distinguishing mark. —
v. t. of as food; to corrode, as metal, by rust to con- ;

To mark for identification, —-ring, sume gradually, as a cancer, the flesh; to waste or
n. An ornament suspended from wear away; to devour, gnaw. v. i. To take food, —
the ear by a ring passing through feed; to taste or relish.— Eaf able, a. Capable of, or
the lobe. — shot, /«. Reach of the
sense of hearing; distance at which External Ear,
fit to be, etc.; esculent; edible.
—
maybe eaten. Eafing-house, n.
n. Anything that
house where
—
A
words may be heard. triunp'et, or Auricle. food is sold ready cooked; restaurant.
n. An instrument to aid iu hear- Eau-de-Cologne, o'de-ko-lon', ?i. A perfumed spirit,
ing.
a. helix;
wax, n. Cerumen; a sub- he 1 i x 6. ant-
c. sca-
orig. prepared at Cologne. Eau-de-Tie, -ve, w. —
stance secreted by the glands of ;
Braiidjt'.
the ear. wig, n.
pha, or
A leaf-eating phoid (boat- sca- Eaves, evz, n. pi. (Arch.) The lower edges of a
insect, vulgarly believed to creep
like)
roof, overhanging the walls. —
Eaves'drop, v. i. To
through the ear into the l)rain. tragusfossa ; d. stand under the eaves or near the windows of a
e. anti-
Ear, er, n. The spike of Indian corn tragus ; house, to listen to what is said within; to seek to
or other grain, containing the ker- ; /. the
hear others' conversation. —
Eaves'dropper, n.
nels. —
V. i. To form ears, as corn. concha;
or lobulus.
gf. lobe,
Ebb, eb, n. The refiux of the tide; return of tide-
Ear, er, v. t. To plow or till. water toward the sea; a faljing to a worse state; de-
Earl, 5rl, n. Anobleman of Eng. ranking below a cline decay.
; v. i. [ebbed (ebd), ebbing.] To
marquis and above a viscount. —
£arl''dom, -dum, flow back, return, as water toward the ocean to ;

71. Seigniory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an earl. fall to a worse state, recede, sink. Ebb'^tide, n. —
Early, er'lT, a. In advance of the usual or appointed Reflux of tide-water the retiring tide. ;

time: timely; not late. adv. Soon; betimes. Ebony, eb'o-nT, Eb'on, -un, n. A hard, heavy, and
Earn, 5rn, r. 't. [earned (5rnd), earning.] To de- durable wood, usually black, which admits oi a fine
serve by labor; to acquire by service or performance. polish. —
Eb'on, a. Of, like, or black as ebony.
Earnest, er'nest, a. Ardent in the pursuit of an ob- Eb''onize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To make black
ject; eager to obtain; intent; fixed; eager; zealous; like ebony. —
Eb''onite, -Tt, n. India-rubber hard-
fervent ; hearty. — «. Seriousness ; reality. A ened by vulcanization, black like ebony, and used
pledge given in token of a bargain made. for buttons, combs, electrical apparatus, etc.
Earth, erth, n. The globe we inhabit; the world; the Ebornean, e-b5r''ne-an, a. Made of ivory.
solid materials forming it ; dry land soil of all ; Ecart^, a'kar-ta', n. A game at cards played with a
kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, etc. the ground ; pack from which all cards below the 7s are removed.
a region; country; the people on the globe. \Chem.) Ecce-homo, ek-'se-ho'ino, n. A
picture representing
Atasteless and "inodorous, uncolored, earthy-look- the Savior given up to the people by Pilate, and
ing, metallic oxide; a similar oxide, having a slight wearing a crown of thorns.
alkaline reaction. —
1-. t. [earthed (grtht), earth- Eccentric, ek-sen'trik, -trical, a. Deviating from the
ing.] To hide in, or cover with earth. v. i. To — center or from the line of a circle; pert, to eccen-
under ground, burrow.
retire — Earth'en, -n, a. tricity or to an eccentric; not having the same cen-
Made of earth, or of burnt clay, etc. — Earthly, -T, ter, —opp. to concentric ; deviating from the usual

sQn, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 ECCLESIASTIC 122 EFFERVESCE
course; irregular; anomalous; odd; whimsical. -leal, a. Rendering one beside one's self; delightful
n. Acircle not hu.vinj; the sime center as another beyond measure; rapturous.
partly contained withi.i the first one who, or that Ecumenic, ek-u-men'ik, -ical, a. General ; universal,
—
;

whien, deviates from regularity. (Ast.ron.) The said esp. of church councils.
supposed cii-cular orbit of a planet about the earth, Edacious, e-da'shus. a. Given to eating ; voracious
but with the earth not in its center, in the Ptole- devouring. Ed'ible, -T-bl, a. Eit to be eaten as — ;

maic system. {Mech.) A wheel having its axis of food esculent eatable. ; ;

revolution out of its center of figure, used to- obtain Eddy, ed'dl, n. A current of air or water running
a reciprocating or alternate motion from a circu- back, or opposite to the main current a current
lar one. —
Eccen''- moving circularly; whirlpool. v.i. [eddied (-did), ——
;

trically;, adv. Ec- — -DYING.] To move as an eddy. v.t. To collect as

'
cent,ricity,-tris''I-tT, into an eddy.
n. Statu of being, Eden, e'^dn, 71. The garden where Adam and Eve first
etc. oddity.
; {As- dwelt a delightjul region. ;

tron.) Distance of Edentate, e-den'tat, n. An animal of the sloth and

the center of the or- armadillo tribes, wanting fore teeth and canines.
bit of a heavenly t- r c. ,. Edge, ej, n. The thin cutting side of a blade that ;

body from that of Eccentric of Stcam-engme. which cuts as an edge does any sharp terminating ;

the body around which it revolves. border readiness or fitness to cut acrimony se- ; ; ;

Ecclesiastic, ek-kk'zT-as'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to the verity border or part adjacent to the line ot'divis-
;

church or to its organization. —

Eccle'sias'tic. n. A ion verge; skirt; brink; early part; beginning.
clergyman.— Eccle'siaa'tically, adv. Eccle'sias'ti- — ;

V. t. [EDGED (ejd), EDGING.] To furnish with an

cizra, -sizm, n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical edge, sharpen to furnish with a fringe or border ; ;

observances, privileges, etc. —

Eccle'sias'tes, -tez,n. to make sharp or keen, provoke to action, urge or
Lit. a preacher; a book of the Old Testament. egg on to move by little and little. — v. i. To move
Eccle'sias'ticus, n. A book of the Apocrypha. —
sideways or gradually to sail close to the wind.
;

Ecclc'siarch, -zl-ark, n. A ruler of the cliurch. —

Edg'ing, n. That which forms an edge or border.
;

Echelon, esh'e-lon, n. {Mil.) The position of a mili- —

Edge^wise, adv. In the direction of, etc.
tary body in the form of steps, or with one division Edible. See under Edacious.
more advanced than another. Edict, e'dikt, n. That which is proclaimed by au-
Echo, ek'o, n.; pi. -oes, -oz. A sound reflected or thority special proclamation of command or pro-
reverberated to the ear. v. t. —
[echoed (-od),
;

hibition; law; decree; manifesto.

-OIXG.] To reverberate or send back; to repeat with Edify, ed'I-fi, 1'. ?. [-pied (-lid), -fying.] To instruct
assent, adopt. —
v. i. To be reverberated; to cause an and improve in knowledge, esp. in moral and relig-
echo, be attended with an echo. ious knowledge. —
Ed'tfica'tion, 71. Act of , or state
Eclat, a-kla' or e-kla', n. Brilliancy of success or ef- of being, etc.; a building up, esp. in a moral and re-
fort demonstration of admiration applause. ligious sense. Ed'ifice, -fis, n. — building; fabric, A
;

Eclectic, ek-lek'tik, a. Selecting; choo^iiig at will.

;

— — chieljy applied to large structures.

n. One who follows an eclectic method in philos- Edit, ed'it, v. t. To superintend the publication of ;
ophy, science, religion, etc. prepare for publication. Ed'^itor, -5r, n. One who —
Eclipse, e-klips', n. {Astron.) An interception of the edits, esp. who prepares, superintends, and corrects
light of the sun or moon, by a book, newspaper, etc., for publication. Edito'- —
intervention of some other rial, a. Pert, to an editor. n. An article by the —
body, either between it and editor of a newspaper. Editc'riaUy, adv. In the —
the eye, or between the lumi- manner or character of an editor. Ed'itorship, n. —
nous body and that illumi- Business or Edi'tion, -dish'un, n.
office of, etc. —
nated by it. Temporary or par- The publication of a literary work; number of cop-
tial loss of brilliancy, luster, ies published at once.
.

honor, etc. —
v.t. Teclipsed Eclipses. S, sun ;
E, earth ; M,
Educate, ed'u-kat, v. t. To bring up, as a child to ;

(-khpst''), -SING.] To darken cultivate and discipline the powers of the mind, in-
or hide (a heavenly body) ; moon. struct. —
Educa''tion, n. Act or process of, etc.; tui-
to obscure, or extinguish the beauty, luster, or honor, tion; nurture; teaching; breeding.
etc., of; to throw into the shade. v. i. To suffer an — Educe, e-dus', v. t. [educed (-dusf), -cino.] To
eclipse, become eclipsed. —
Eclip'tic, n. {Astron.) An draw forth, as if from concealment, elicit, extract.
imaginary great circle of the sphere, the apparent — Eel, eh n. A
species of soft-finned, snake-like fishes.
path of the sun, or real path of the earth, as seen E'en, en. A
contr. for Even.
from the sun. ( Geoff.) A
great circle on the globe, E'er, ar. A
contr. for Ever.
answering to the celestial ecliptic. a. Pert, to, or — Eerie, Eery, e'rl, a. Awe-inspiring; weird. [Scot.]
described'by, the ecliptic; pert, to an eclipse. ESable, et'f a-bl, a. Capable of being uttered or ex-
Eclogue, ek'log, n. A
pastoral poem, in which shep- plained; explicable.
herds converse with each other; a bucolic; idyl. Efface, ef-fas', v. t. [-faced (-fast'), -facing.] To
Economy, e-kon-'o-ml, n. Management of domestic erase or scratch out, rub off, render illegible, blot
affairs, esp. as to expense or disbursement the ; out, obliterate, cancel; to remove from the mind.
internal, and esp. the pecuniary, management of Effect, ef-fekf, n. That produced by an agent or
any undertaking, corporation, state, etc.; system of cause result of causation impression produced
; ; ;

rules by which anything is managed; thrifty house- power to produce results ; efficiency ; consequence
keeping ; frugality.— E'conom'ic, -leal, a. 'Pert, to intended, pi. Goods
personal estate. movables
the household; domestic; pert, to economy or man- — V. t. To produce, as a cause, or agent, cause to
; ;

agement of pecuniary affairs, private or public ; be; to bring to pass, accomplish, achieve. Effect- —
saving of unnecessary expense; prudent in expen- ive, -iv, a. Suited or tending to, etc.; in condition
diture ; managed with frugality pert, to the re- to act efficiently; efficacious; forcible; energetic.^
sources and wealth of a country. E'conom''ically, —;

Effecfively, adv. Effect-'iveness, n. —

Effecfual, —
adv. —With economy ; frugally. E'conom'icB, n. — a. Producing, or able to produce, an intended ef-
sing. Science of domestic and internal management; fect; adequate; efficient. Ef&ca'cions, -shus, a. —
economy.
political —
Econ'omist, n. One who man- Effectual; powerful. Efficacy, -sT, w. Quality of —
ages with frugality one conversant with political being, etc.; virtue; force: energy. Ef&'cient, -fish''- —
econoiny. — ;

Eeon'omize, v. t. [-mized (-mizd), -miz- ent, a. (Causing effects; producing results; effective}
ING.] To use with prudence, expend with frugality. effectual. —
n. The producing agent or cause.
—
V. i. To manage pecuniary concerns frugally. Effeminate, ef-fem'T-nat, a. Soft or delicate to an un-
Ecstasy, ek'sta-sl, n. A state in which the mind is manly degree; womanish; weak; voluptuous; cow-
carried away beyond the reach of ordinary impres- ardly'. — i". t. To make womanish, unman.
sions frenzy; excessive joy rapture insanity
; ; ; ; Effervesce, effer-ves', v. i. [-vesced (-vesf), -ves-
madness. (Pathol.) A disease accompanied by loss cing.] To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bub-
of sensibility, voluntary motion, and mental power, ble and hiss; to exhibit feelings that cannot be re-
the body being erect and inflexible. Ecstat'ic, — pressed.

ftm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare j 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice 5 odd, tone, 6r
 EFFETE 123 ELECT
Mete, ef-fef, a. No longer capable of producing Eight^eenth, -enth, a. Next in order after the I'th;
young; of worn-out energy; barren; worn out with consisting of one of 18 equal parts into which any
age or excessive indulgence. —
thing is divided. n. One of 18 equal parts; the 8ta
EfficaciooB, Efficient, etc. See under Effect. after the 10th. —Eighty, afT, a. Eight times ten;
Effigy, effl-jT, Effig'ies, -fij'I-ez, n. Image of any fourscore. — n. The sum of 8 times 10; symbol rep-
person or thing; likeness in sculpture, painting, etc."; resenting eighty units, as 80 or Ixxx, —
Eightieth,
impression on a coin representing tne prince by -I-eth, a. The next in order after the 79th; consist-
whom it was issued. ing of one of 80 equal parts into which any thing is
Effloresce, ef-flo-res'', v.
i. [-resced (-resf), -ees- divided.
CiNo.] (^Chem.) To change over the surface, or Either, c'tiiSr or i'tiier (analogy and the best usage
throughout, to a powder; to become covered with a favoring c'tiier), a. or pron. One or the other,
whitisli crust or light crystallization. properly of 2 things; each of two, the one and the
Effluent, ef 'flu-ent, a. Flowing out. —
Efflu'vium, n. ; other. — co»y. Either is always correlative to or,
^Z. -VIA, -vT-a. Subtile or invisible emanation; esp. and precedes it, indicating the ftrst of certain things,
noisome or noxious exhalation. any one of which js true, is to be done, etc.
Effort, effert, n. An exertion of power, phVsical or ^a^ulate, e-jak''u-lat, v. t. To throw out, as an ex-
mental; endeavor: struggle; attempt; trial;'essay. clamation. — V. i. To utter ejaculations. —
^ac'ula'-
Effrontery, ef-trunt'er-T, n. Excessive assurance. tion, n. Uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or
Effulgent, ef-luKjent, «. Diif using a flood of light; prayer ; exclamation or prayer uttered. {Med.)
shining; splendid. —
Efful'gence, -jens, ?i. State of Emission of semen. —
^ac'ulatory, -to-rl, a. Cast-
being, etc.; extreme brilliancy. ing or throwing out; suddenly darted out; uttered
Effuse, ef-fuz', v. t. [-fised (-fuzd'), -fusixg.] To in short sentences. —
Eject, -jekt'. v. t. To throw out,
pour out, as a fluid, spill, shed. cast forth; to drii** away, expel violently, or with
— V. i. To emanate, issue. — a. disgrace; to dispossess, as of land, dwelUngs, etc. —
(_Bot.) Spreading 1oosg1j% esp.
on one side.— Effu'^sion, -zhun,
l^jec'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. EJect'^
ment, n. Expulsion; ejection. (Law?) A
species of
—
71. Act of pouring out; thing mixed action, which lies for recovery of possession
poured out. (Pat/iol.) Escape of real property, and damages and costs for unlaw-
of a fluid out of its natural f uljletention of it.
vessel into another part; secre- Eke, ek, v. t. [eked (ekt), eking.] To increase, en.,
tion of fluids from the vessels, large, extend; to supply what is scanty, prolong,
as of lymph or serum, on dif- generally with ozti. adv. In addition; also; hke-
—
ferent surfaces. Efftt'sive, Effuse Branch. wise.
-siv, a. Pouring forth laigelj'. Elaborate, e-lab''o-rat, v. t. To produce with labor;
— Effu'sively, adv. —
Effu'siveness, n. perfect with painstaking. —
a. Wrought with labor;
Eft, eft, n. A
salamander or newt. highly finished. -Elab'orately, ac??;.— Elab^ora'tion,
E. g. or Ex. gr. Contr. for Exempli GEATia, q. v. n. Act or process of producing with labor; state of
under ExAMi'LE. being so produced. {Physiol.) Natural process of
Egg, eg, n. A body produced by a female animal, formation or assimilation, performed by living or-
within which, when impregnated, the embryo of a gans in animals and vegetables.
new individual is developed: eggs of oviparous ani- Elapse, e-laps'', v. i. [elapsed (-lapstO, elapsing.]
mals contain a supply of nourishment for the em- To slide, slip, or glideby; to pass away silentlv.
bryo, and are usually inclosed in a spheroidal shell. Elastic, e-las-'tik, a. Springing back; having the in-
Anything egg-shaped. herent property of recovering its former figure ;
Egg,eg, V. t. [EGGED (egd), egging.] To urge on; springy; readily returning to a previous condition,
instigate. after being depressed or overtaxed. —
Elastic'ity,
Eglantine, egHan-tin or -tTn, n. A species of rose. -tis'I-ti, ?i. Quality of, etc.; rebound: power of re-
Egoism, e'go-izm, n. (Philos.) Subjective idealism. sistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.
An excessive love of self; selfishness. E'goist, w. — Elate, e-laf, a. Lifted up; elevated; haying the spirits
A follower of Descartes or Fichte; believer in the raised by success or hope; flushed with confidence;
doctrine of subjective idealism; one given to ego- puffed up proud swelling. ; v. t. — To exalt the
—
;

tism.— E'gotism, -tizm, n. Practice of too frequently spirit of, elevate or flush witli success. Ela^tion, n.
using the word /; self-praise; self-commendation Inflation of mind self-esteem or pride, resulting
;

conceit; vanity. — E'gotist, n. One who, etc. from success.

Egregious, e-gre'jus, a. Disting. fr. common men or Elbow, eKbo, n. The joint connecting arm and fore-
actions, —
generally in a bad sense; extraordinary;
monstrous; precious.
arm; any flexure or angle, esp. if obtui?e, as of a
wall, building, etc.; also an angular or joijited part
Egress, e'gres, n. Act of going out or leaving; power of any structure. —
v. t. [elbowed (el^bod), -BOW'
to leave; departure. ing.] To push with the elbow, as when one pushes
Egyptian, e-jip'sliun, a. Pert, to Egypt, in Africa. —
by another. v. i. To jut into an angle, project; to
n. A native of Egypt; a gypsy. push rudely along, jostle.
Eh, §, interj. An expression of inquiry or slight sur- Eld, eld, n. Old age; old people; old times; antiquity.
prise. — Eld'er, a. Older; more advanced in age; prior, as
Eider, i'der, E.-duck, n. sea-duck, A which breeds in in origin. — n. One who is older; a senior; an an-
remote northern regions, cestor; predecessor; one who, on account of age, acts
and produces tine down. as ruler or judge; one occupying an office requiring
Eight, at, a. Tw i c e 4 in experience' and dignity. —
Eld'erly, -II, a. Some-
number. — n. The num- what old. — Eld'ership," n. Seniority; office of elder-
ber greater by a unit than — Eld'est, a. Oldest.
7; tbe sum of 4 and 4: a Eider, eld'er, n. A
genus of plants having broad um-
symbol representing eight bels of white flowers and dark red berries.
units, as 8 or viii.— Eighth, Elect, e-lekf, v. t. To pick out, make choice of; to
atth, a. N
e X t in order select for office or employment, select by vote,
after the 7th; consisting of Eider-duck. choose, prefer, appoint. {Theol.) To designate as
one of 8 equal parts into an object of mercy or favor. a. Chosen; taken
which any thing is divided. n One of 8 equal — by preference. (Theol.) Set apart to eternal life.
parts; an eighth part. (Mus.) Chosen, but not invested with office. n. One—
The interval of an octave. — chosen or set apart, pi. (Theol.) Those chosen
Eighth note. (Mits.) The 8th for salvation. —
Elecficism, -T-sizm, n. Eclecticism.
part of a whole note, or semi- ^ ^ S t — Elec'tion, n. Act of choosing choice; act of ;

—
breve; a quaver. Eighth'^ly, Eighth Notes. choosing one to fill an office power of choosing
adv. In the 8th place. Eight- — free wul ;
;

discriminating choice ; discernment.

een, afen, a. Twice 9 in number. n. The num- (Theol.) ^'redetermination of individuals as ob-
ber greater by a unit than 1 7 sum of 10 and 8 a sym- jects of mercy and salvation. Those elected. [OF.J
;

bol representing eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.

;

— Elec'tioneer'', -er', v. i. [-eered (-erd'), -bbk-

sQn, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNbox, chair, get.
 ELEOTEUM 124 ELSE
IXG.] To use influence, argument, or arts for se- of India or Africa, hav-
curing the election of a candidate. Elective, -iv, — ing a trunk or prehen-
«. Exerting the power of choice; making selection; sile proboscis and 2 ivo-
pert, to, consisting in, or dependent on, choice be- ; ry tusks, —
the largest
stowed by election. —
Elect'or, -er, n. One who land animal now liv-
elects, or has right of choice; one entitled to vote ing. — Elephan-'tine,
in favor of a candidate for office, or legally qualified -tine, a. Pert, to or
to vote; one of the princes of Germany formerly like, etc.; huge; im-
entitled to choose the emperor; one chosen, ^y vote mense. —
EFephanti'-
M the people in the U. S., to elect a president and
vice-president. —
Elect''ress, n. The wife or widow
asis, n.
several skin
{Med.) One
diseases,
of

of a German elector. —
Elecforal, -5r-al, a. Pert, attended with destruc-
to, or consisting of, electors. —
Elecforate, -er-at, tion or deformitj' of Elephant.
n. Dignity of an elector electorship ; territory of the part affected.
—
;

an elector. EKigible, -jT-bl, -a. Legally quaUfled; Elevate, eKe-vat, v. t. To a higher place, raise,
lift to
worthy to be chosen; desirable; preferable. exalt; to animate, cheer to ennoble, dignify; to ;

Elaetrum, e-lek-'trum, n. Amber; an amber-colored raise to a higher pitch or greater degree of loudness;
alloy of gold and silver used by the ancients; Ger- to intoxicate slightly; to lighten, lessen by detrac-
—
man silver plate. Elec'tric, -trical, a. Pert, to, oc- tion, diminish. —
Eleva'tion, n. Act of, or condi-
casioned by, derived from, or containing, electrici- tion of being, etc. an elevated place. {Astron.)
;

ty capable of occasioning electrical phenomena.

;
Altitude. {Gunnery.) Angle between the line of
Elec'tric. n. A non-conductor of electricity.— Elec'- direction of a gun and the plane of the horizon.
tiically, adv. In the manner, or by means of, etc. {Arch.) View of a machine, building, etc., drawn
— Electri''cian, -trish'^an, n. One versed in the sci- to scale, and without regard to perspective. EK- —
ence etc.— Electric 'ity, -tris't-tt, n. A subtle
of, eva'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, elevates;
a^ent or power in nature, evolved in any disturbance esp. a contrivance for lifting persons, also goods,
or molecular equilibrium, whether from chemical, grain, etc., to an upper floor; a building containing
physical, or mechanical cause; science of the phe- elevators for grain. {Aiiat.) muscle which raises A
nomena of the electric fluid. —
Elec''trifl''able, a. Ca-
— a part of the body.
pable of receiving, or of being charged with, etc. Eleven, e-lev'n, a. Ten and ons added. w. The —
Hec'trify, -fi, v. t. [-fied C-lid), -fyixg.] To charge sum of 10 and 1; a symbol representing eleven units,
with electricity; to give an electric shack to; to excite as 11 or xi. the players on one side in a game of
;

•suddenly; to surprise, esp. by something inspiriting. cricket, 11 in number. —

Elev'enth., -nth, a. Next
— Elec'tro-inag''net, n. Amass of soft iron, rendered after the 10th; constituting one of 11 parts into which
—
temporarily magnetic by a surrounding coil of wire a thing is divided. n. (3ne of 11 equal parts.
through which a current of electricity is passing. — Elf, elf, Elve, elv, n.; pi. Elves, elvz. diminutive A
Elec'tro-magnet''ic, a. Pert, to magnetism, as con- spirit, supposed to haunt desert places, and delight
nected with electricity, or affected by it. Elec'tro- — in mischievous tricks. v. t. —
entangle. To
mag'^netism, Science of the development of mag-
n. Elicit, e-lis'lt, v. t. To draw out, bring to light.
netism by voltaic electricity, and of the currents Elide, e-lid', v. t. {Gram.) To cut off or suppress,
evolved. — El€c'tro-neg''ative, -tiv, a. Having the as a syllable. Elis''ion. -lizh'un, n. The cutting
property of being attracted by an electro-positive off, for the sake of meter or euphony, of a vowel or
body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in syllable, esp. a vowel at the end of a word before
electrolysis. —Elec'tro-pos'itive, a. Of such a na- another vowel in the following line.
ture relatively to associated bodies, as to tend to the Eligible. See under_ELECT.
negative pole of a voltaic battery, while the associ- EUniinate, e-lim''t-nat, v. t. {Alg.) To cause to dis-
ated body tends to the positive pole. —
Elec'trotype, appear from an equation. To set aside as unim-
-tip, n. A
plate (of a page, etc.) with copper, etc., portant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave
face (electric deposition) and type-metal back. v. t. — out of consideration to obtain by separating, as
;

[-TYPED (-tipt), -TYPING.] To make electrotypes of. from foreign matters; to deduce, infer.
Eleemosynary, el-e-mos'T-na-rT, a. Pert, to, or in- A large monogamous European deer, with
Elk, elk, h.
tended for the distribution of, charity; given in, or palmate antlers, allied to the Amer. moose; a large
founded or supported by, charity. n. One who — polygamous Amer. deer, with branching antlers, a
subsists on charity. congener of the European red deer.
JElegant, eKe-gant, a. Pleasing by grace and beauty; Ell, el, n. A measure of length, chiefly for cloth: the
polished; graceful; refined; exercising a nice choice. English ell is A5 inches the Flemish, 27; Scotch.
— EKegantly, adv. —
EKegance, -gans, -gancy, -sT, ?,7.2; French, 54.
;

n. State or quality of being elegant ; grace ; that Ellipse, el-lips', n. {Geom.'] An oval figure bounded
which is elegant. by a regular curve, —
the' section of a
jElegy, eKe-jT, n. A
mournful or plaintive poem; fu- cone by a plane passing obliquely
nereal song. —
Elegiac, e-le^jt-ak or el-e-ji'ak, a. through its opposite sides. Ellip/- —
Pert, to elegy, or written in elegiacs; used in elegies. sis, M. ; p?. -SES, -sez. {Gram.) Omis-
— n. Elegiac verse. sion ; a figure of syntax, by which
Element, eKe-ment, n. One of the simplest or essen- words are omitted. Ellipse.
tial parts of which anything consists; one of the ul- Elm, elm, n. A
tree of several species.
timate, undecomposable constituents of matter ; a Elocution, el-o-ku'shun, n. Mode of delivery of any-
simple portion of that which is complex; one of the thing spoken, esp. of a public discourse. -^ Elocu'-
essential ingredients of any mixture; one out of ticnist, n. One versed in, or a teacher of, etc. EK- —
several parts combined in a system or aggregation. oquent, -kwent, a. Able to express strong emotions
(^Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of in an elevated and effective manner; adapted to ex-
the organism. {Math.') An infinitesimal part of any- IDress emotion with fluency and power. El'oquence, —
thing of the same nature as the entire magnitude -kwens, n. Expression of, etc.; what is eloquently
considered. One of the necessary data upon which said or written; oratory; rhetoric; persuasive speech.
a calculation depends, pi. The fundamental prin- Elongate, e-lon'gat, a. Drawn out at length. v, t. —
ciples of any system in philosophy, science, or art; To lengthen, extend, stretch out. Elonga'tion, n. —
rudiments. That which ancient philosophy sup- Act of or state of being, eic. ; protraction extension
, ;

posed to be simple and undecomposable, as the 4 so- that which lengthens out; removal to a distance; de-
called elements, — air, earth, water, and fire ; state parture; intervening space.
natural to anything, or suited for its existence, pi. Elope, e-lop', v. i. [eloped (-lopf), eloping.] To
iEccl.) The bread and wine in the eucharist. Ele- — run away, or escape privately, said esp. of a —
ment'ary, -rT, a. Having only one principle or woman, who runs away with alover.
constituent part; pert, to the elements, rudiments, Eloquence, See under Elocution.
etc.
etc.; treating of first principles of a science or art; Else, els, a. Si pron. Other; one or something beside.
simple; uncombined; initial; introductory. — a:dv. & conj. Beside except that mentioned ; ;

Elephant, eKe-f ant, n. A pachydermatous quadruped otherwise; if the facts M'ere different. Else'where, —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 ELUCIDATE 125 EMINENT
-hwar, ac/r. In any other place; in other places in- comprising, or using emblems. —Emblemafically,
definitely. a<lv.
Elucidate, e-lu'sT-dat, v. t. To make clear or mani- Embody, em-bod'T, i\[-bodied (-bod^id), -body-
t.

tc'St, explain, illustrate. ING.] To form oody, invest with matter,

into a Ijody,
Elude, e-lud', v. t. To avoid by artifice, stratagem, make corporeal; to collect into a whole, incorporate,
or dexterity; to remain unexplained orundisci)vered concentrate. —
Embod^iment, n. Act of, state of
by; to evade, escape, shun, mock. Elu'sive, -siv, — being, or that which is, etc.; a complete system, like
-BOry, -so-rT, a. Tending to elude; evasive; falla- an organized bod}'.
cious; deceitful.' —
Elu'^soriness, n. Embogue, em-bog', v. i. To discharge, as a river, its
Elysium, e-lizh'T-um, ;/. E. jjI. -whs, -T-umz, L. pi.
,• waters into the sea or other river.
-lA, -T-a. (Mijth.) Tlie abode of the blessed after Embolden, em-bold'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -esixg.J
death; any deli;j;htful place. Elys'ian, -T-an, a. — To give boldness or courage to, encourage.
Pert, to, etc. blissful.
; Embonpoint, ox-box-pwox', u. Plumpness of person;
Emaciate, e-ma-'sht-at, r. i. To lose flesh gradually, fleshiness.
waste a-wav. —
v. i. To cause to lose flesh gradu- Embosom, em-bc^z'om, v. t. To take into the bosom,
ally. — a.
tniaciated. —
Ema'cia'tion, n. Condition cherish: to hide or half conceal.
of becoming, or state of being, etc. Emboss, em-bos', v. t. [emhossed (-host'), -bossixg.1
Emanate, em'a-nat, r. i. To issue forth from a To cover with bosses or protuberances, ornament in
source proceed, as a fountain, take origin, flow,
; relief, fasliion raised work upon.
arise, spring. —
Emana'tioa, 7i. Act of. or thing Embowel, em-bow'el, r. t. [-eled (-eld), -elixg.] To
which, etc.; clfluvium: etHux. Em'anant, a. Em- — remove the bowels of, eviscerate, embalm to hide ;

anating: passing forth_into an act or effect. in the inward parts, bury, secrete.
Emancipate. c-man'sT-pat, i\ t. To set free from ser- Embower, em-bow'ST, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -eeixg.]
vitude voluntarily; to liberate: to free from any- To lodge or rest in a bower. v. t. To cover with a —
thins exerting undue or evil influence. a. Set at — bower, shelter_with trees.
liberty. —
Eman'cipa''tion, n. Act of, or stfite of be- Embrace, em-bras', v. t. [-braced (-brasf), -br.\.
ins, etc.: liberation; release; freedom. Emau'^ci- — ciXG.] To clasp or inclose in the arms, press to tlie
pa'tor, -ter, n. bosom, cherish with affection to surround or in- ;

Emasculate, e-mas^ku-lat, To
castrate, geld to close: to include as parts of a whole, or divisions of
render effeminate. a. —
v. t.
Deprived of virility or
;

a part, comprehend to seize eagerly, welcome. —

vigor; unmanned. V. i. To join in an embrace.
;

ii. Close encircling: —

Embalm, em-biim'', [-b.\lmed (-bamd'), -balm-
r. t. with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug.
ING.] To preserve from decay by balm or other aro- Embrasure, em-bra'zher, n. (Fort.) An opening, ia
matic oils or spices; to perpetuate in grateful remem- a wall or parapet, through
brance. which cannon are discharged:
Embank, em-bank', r. t. [-baxked (-bankt''), -baxk- See Casemate and Castle.
IXG.] To
inclose with a bank, bank up. Em- — (Arch.) The enlargement of ff«f!\^
bank'ment, n. Act of surrounding or defending the aperture of a door or
with a bank a mound or bank.
; window, on the inside of the
Embargo, em-biir''go, ?;. A. prohibition by public au- wall, to give more space or
thority, and for a limited time, of departure from a light.
port ; any hindrance or restraint. r. t. [embar- — Embrocate, em'bro-kat, v. t.
L-2, i-.iub;-,isurut
goed (-god), -GOIXG.J To hinderfrom leaving port, (Med.) To rub (a diseased
by law or edict to hinder from going forward, by
; part) witli spirit, oil,
AA, Merlons.etc. — a parapet.
an embargo. Embroca'tion, n. Act of rub-
Embark, em-biirk'', v. t. [-barked (-biirkt''), -baek- bing a diseased part; lotion with which an affected
i.NG.] To put on board a vessel to engage, enlist, ; part is washed.
or invest in any atf air. ?. i. —
To go on board of a Embroider, em-broid'5r, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -eking.}
vessel, engage in any business, enlist. To cover with ornamental needle-work or figures.
Embarrass, em-bar^ras, r. f. [-rasSed (-rast), -rass- — Embroid'erer, n. —
Embroid'ery, -§r-t, n. Varie-
IXG.] To hinder througli perplexity, render intri- gated needle-work: decoration.
cate, confound, perplex, disconcert, abash, distress. Embroil, em-broil', v. t. [-broiled (-broild'), -broii
(Com.) To incumber with debt, make incapable of i.xG.] To throw into perplexity, contention,
paying. —
Embar'rassment, n. A state of entangle- trouble; to entangle, encumber, disturb, trouble.
ment or confusion ; perplexity arising from insolv- Embrue. See Imbrue.
ency, or inability to discharge' debts. Embryo, em'brT-o, n. ; pi. -OS, -6z. The germ of a^
Embassy, em''b:is-sT, n. The public function of an organized being, in any stage of ante-natal devel-'*
embassador; persons sent as embassadors; dwelling gpment, — in egg, womb, or seed.
or office of an embassador. Em- or Ambas'^sador, — Emend, e-mend', v. t. To amend. [See Amend.] —
n. A minister of the highest rank sent by one gov- Emenda'tion, n. Act of altering for the better; cor-
ernment to another, to represent the appointing rection; alteration of a text, to give a better reading.
power, in matters between the governments. Em- — Emerald, em'er-ald, n. (Min.) A precious stone of a
bas'sado'rial, n. Pert, to, etc. rich green color. (Print.) A kind of type, in size'
Embellish, em-bcKIish, r. t. [-listied (-lisht), -Lisn- between minion and nonpareil.
JXG.] To make
beautiful or elegant by ornaments;
to adorn, decorate, grace, illustrate. —EmbeKlish- CiJ^his line is printed in Emerald tjije.
ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ornament; Emerge, e-raerj', v. i. [emerged (-merjd'), emer-
beauty; adornment. ging. ] To rise out of, or as out of, a fluid; to issue
Ember, em^ber, n. A remnant of burning wood, —
and appear. Emer'gence, -gency, -jen-sT, n. Act
smoldering amid ashes, — used, chiefly in pi., to sig- sudden appearance; unforeseen occurrence;
of, etc.;
nify hot cinders covered with ashes. pressing necessity; exigency.
Ember days, enT'ber-daz. (Eccl.) Certain days set Emery, em'er-T, n. (Min.) An extremely hard, com-
apart- for fasting and praj'cr in each of the 4 sea- pact, dark -colored, granular mineral, allied to co-
son.s of the year,— being the Wednesday, Friday, and —
rundum and sapphire, used for grinding and polish-
Saturday after the 1st Sunday in Lent the feast of : ing metals, stones, and glass.
Whitsuntide: Sept. 14th; and'Dec. l.lth: the weeks in Emetic, e-met'ic, a. Inducing to vomit. n. Med- —
which these daj^s fall are called emher weeks. icine which, etc._
Embezzle, em-bez''zl, v. t. [-zled (-zld), -zlixg.] Emigrate, em't-grat, ?'. i. To remove from one coun-
To appropriate fraudulent!}^ to one's own use.— Em- try to another, for residence. — Em'igrant, a. Pert,
bez'^zlement, n. Appropriation to one's own use of to an emigrant; removing from one country to an-
what is intrusted to one's care. Embez'^zler, n. — other. —
?;. One who, etc. Emigra'tion, n. Re- —
Embitter. See Imbitter. moval to another country for residence; a body of
Emblem, euT'blem, n. An object symbolizing some emigrants.
oth«r object, qviality, etc. figure"; type symbol Eminent, em'Y-nent, a. High; lofty; towering; ex-
—
; ; ;

adumbration. Emblemafic, -ical, a. I'ert. to, alted in rank, office, or piiblic estimation distin* ;

sQn, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, then, boxboN. chair, get.
 EMIR 126 ENCYCLICAL
guished; conspicuous; prominent; illustrious. Em'^- — Em'ulator, -tSr, v. rival: competitor. A
Em'u- —
inence, -nency, -si, 71. A
height, elevation; an ele- lous, -lus, a. Ambitiously desirous of like excel-
vated situation among men; distinction; preferment; lence with another rivaling. Em'ulously, adv.
; —
a title of honor, appl. to a cardinal in the Kom. Cath. Emulgent, e-mul'jent, a. (Anat.) Milking or drain-
church. ing out, —
said of the renal arteries and veins. n.
Emir, Emeerl e-mer'', n. An Arabian prince, military An emulgent vessel: a remedy exciting the flow of
commander, and governor of a conquered province; bile. —Emui'sion, -shun, n. soft, smooth, milk- A
in Turkey, an honorary title of the descendants of like remedy, formed by mixing oil with water and
Mohammed. gummy or saccharine substances or yelk of ess.
Emit, e-mit'', v. t. To send
forth, cause to issue; to Enable, 'en-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-bid), -dling.J To
issue forth, as an order or decree; to send into circu- give strength or ability to; to supply with sufficient
lation, as notes or bills of credit. —
Em'issary, -sa-rT, power.
n. A secret agent, to advance the interests of his em- Enact, en-akt', v. t. To decree, make into a la-w; to
ploj-ers; a spj'. — a.
Exploring; spying. Emis'sion, — perform; to act the part of play. Enact'ive, -tiv, —
-mish''un, n. Act of sending or throwing out; issue; a. Having power to enact, as a law. Enact'ment,
,

—
thing sent out, or put in circulation at one time. n. The passing of a bill into* law; a decree; the
Emmet, em'met, ?;. An ant or pismire. acting, as a part in a play. Enact'or, -er, n. —
Emolliate, e-moKlT-at, r. t. To soften, render effem- Enamel, en-am'el, 71. A
substance like glass, but more
inate. —
EmoKlient, -yent, a. Softening; making fusible and nearly opaque; thing enameled. ( Aitat.)
supple. n. {Med.) An external application to allay The smooth, hard substance covering the crown of
irritation, and alleviate soreness, swelling, and pain. a tooth. —
r. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To cover
Emolument, e-moKu-ment, n. Profit arising from of- with, or paint in, enamel; to form an enamel-like
fice; gain that which promotes public or private
; surface upon. v. i. —
To practice enameling.
good. Enamor, en-am'er, v. t. [-ored (-erd), -oring.] To
Emotion, e-mo'^shun, n. A moving of the mind or inflame witjilove, charm, captivate.
soul; state ot_excited feeling; agitation. Encage, en-kaj', v. t. To shut up in a cage.
Empale, em-pal'. Impale', t. [-paled (-paid'),
v. Encamp, en-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kampf), -camp,
-PALING.] To inclose, surround, shut in; to put to ing.] To form and occupy a camp. — v. t. To form
death by fixing on a stake. into a camp. — Encamp'ment, n. Act of pitching
Emperil, em-per'il, v. t. To put in peril, endanger. tents or forming huts tor temporary rest place ;

Emperor. See under Empire. where an army or company is encamped; camp.

Emphasis, em'fa-sis, ji.,'pZ. -SES, -sez. (Wiei.) Stress Enceinte, oN'saht', w. {Fort.) The main inclosure.
of utterance given to words or parts of a discourse, a. {Law.) Pregnant; with child. —
intended to be impressed specially on an audience; Encbain, en-chan', v. t. [-chained (-chand'), -CHAiif-
peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of ING.] To chain, fasten with a chain to restrain. —
thought. —
Em'phasize, i'. t. [-sized (-sTzd), -siz- Enchain'mcnt. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
;

ing.] To utter with stress of voice, lay empliasis Enchant, en-chant', v. t. To charm by sorcery, hold
upon, make emphatic —
Emphat'ic, -f at'ik, -ical, a. as by a spell, delight highly, captivate, fascinate, en-
Uttered with, or requiring, emphasis; attracting at- rapture, bewitch.
— Emphat'- Enchant'er, w. One wlio, etc.; a —
tention; forcible; impressive; striking. sorcerer, magician. — Enchant'ress, n. A woman
ically, adv. who, etc. — Enchanfment, n. Act of enchanting;
Empire, cm'plr, n. Supreme power in governing; do- use of magic arts, spells, or charms; that which en-
minion of an emperor, or, rarely, of a King; predom- chants incantation magic sorcery wiicherj'.
; ; ; ;

inant influence; sway; rule; control; government; Encircle, en-ser'kl, v. t. [-cled (-kid), -cling.] To
state. —
Em'peror, -per-er, n. The sovereign of an form a circle about, embrace to go or come round, ;

empire, —
a title superior to kinc/. Em'press, n. — encompass, inclose, surround, environ.
The consort of an emperor; a woman who rules an Enclose. See Inclose.
empire. Encomium, en-ko'mT-um, n. ; E. pi. -ums, L. pi. -a, -a.
Empiric, em-pir'ik or em'pir-ik, n. One who relies Formal praise; high commendation; eulogy; pane-
upon experiment and observation; one who confines gyric; applause. —
Enco'miast'ic, -ical, a.' Bestow-
himself to applying the results of his own observa- ing praise; laudatory.
tion; esp., a quack doctor, charlatan. Empir'ic, — Encompass, en-kum'pas, v. t. [-passed (-past), -pass-
-ical, a. Pert, to, or founded upon, experiment or ing.] To describe a circle about, inclose, surround,
€xperience; depending upon, etc., without due re- invest, hem in, shut up. Encom'passment, n. Act —
gard to science and theory. —
Empir'icism, -sizm, 11. of, or state of being, etc.
—
Method or practice of an empiric; practice of medi- Encore, oN-kor', adv. Once more; again, a call for
cine founded on experience, and neglecting science; a repetition of a part of a play, etc. v. t. [-cored —
quackery, (lleiaph.) The doctrine that all knowl- (-kord'), -coring.] To call for, etc.
edge is derived from experience. Encounter, en-kown'ter, w. A meeting face to face;
Employ, em-ploi', v. 1. [-ployed (-ploid'), -ploying.] a running against a hostile meeting
; conflict
To keep in service; to use as instrument, means, or skirmish combat rencounter onset.
; ; v. t. [en- ;
—;

materials, or as agent," servant, or renresentative. countered (-terd), -tering.] To come against face
— n. Employment. —
Employd, 0N-plw5-ya', Em- to face; esp., to meet in opposition or with hostile
ployee', -ploi-e', n. One employed. Empfoy'ment, — intent. —
v. i. To meet, esp., as enemies.
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which engages Encourage, en-kur'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.]
or occupies; service; agency. To give courage to, inspire with spirit or hope, em-
Emporium, em-po'rl-um,^ n. L. pi. -ria, -rY-a, E. pi. bolden, incite, cheer, stimulate, comfort, promote,
-EiUMS, -umz. A place of extensive commerce or forward. —
Encour'agement, 71. Act of, etc. incen- :

trade; commercial citj'; mart. tive that which supports, promotes, or advances.
Empower, em-pow'er, i\ t. [-ered C-erd), -ering.] — ;

Encour'aging, a. Furnishing ground for hope;

To give legal or moral power or authority, or physi- favoring. —
Encour'agingly, adv.
cal force to. Encroach, en-kroch', v. i. [-cijoached (-krochf),
Empress. See under Empire. -croaching.] To enter graduallj^ into the rights
Empty, emp'tT, a. [emptier, -tiest.] Containing and possessions of another, intrude, trench, in-
nothing; void; not filled; destitute of effect, sincer- fringe, trespass. — Encroach 'meat, «. Act of, etc.;
ity, or sense; unable to satisfy; hollow; waste; de- that'taken by encroaching on another.
serted; producino; nothing; lacking sense; destitute Encumber, en-kum'ber, Incum'ber, v. t. [-bered
of realit}^ or real existence; unsubstantial. v. t. — (-herd), -berixg.] To impede the action of, as with
[emptied (-tid), -tying.] To exhaust, deprive of a burden; to load with debts, mortgages, etc.; to
the contents. v. i.—To pour or flow out, discharge clog, hinder. —
Encum'brance, n. That which im-
itself, become empty. pedes action clog impediment that which en-
; ; ;

Emulate, em'u-lat, v. t. To strive to equal or excel; cumbers an estate; debt; lien; burden: hindrance.
to vie with, rival. —
Emula'tion, n. Act of attempt- Encyclical, en-sik'lik-al, a.' Sent to many persons or
ing to excel desire of superioritj', with effort to places; circular. —Encyclopedia, -paedia, en-si'klo-
attain it ;
;

competition ; rivalry ; contest ; strife. — pe'dl-a, ?i. The circle of sciences: esp., a work in

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice i Sdd. tone, 8r
 — ;

END 127 ENJOY

•which the branches of science or art are discussed iscd; esp., promised in marriage; betrothed; greatly
separately, and usually in alphabetical order. [Same interested ; earnest. —
Enycvjed coluninx. (Arch.y
&s cycloyJeiiia.'] — Ency'clope'dian, a. Embracing Columns partly sunk into the wall to which they are
the whole circle of learning. Ency'cloped'lc, — attached. —
E'wheels. {Mtch.) Wheels in gear with
-ped'ical, a. Pert, to an encyclopedia; universal each other, —
the driver being
in knowledge. — Ency'dope'dist, n. The compiler the engaijinff wheel, the follower
of an encyclopedia; one whose knowledge embraces the engaijed. —
Engage'' ment, «. 'X^dfcl^litoWi^.l^S^H
the whole range of science. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
End, end, n. The extreme or last portion; concluding thing engaged or pledged; that
part; the conclusion; result; termination of being whicli engages; obligation: en-
or of happiness; destruction; cause of destruction grossing occupation; avocation;
or death; object aimed at; purpose; what is left; employment promise. {Mil.)
remnant. — 1\ i. To bring to an end or conclusion, A
;

general action or battle; com-

finish, terminate; to destroy, put to death. ?•. j. — bat fight. —
Enga'ging, p. a.
—
;

To come to the end, be finished, cease. EndHess, Winning ; attractive. — Enga'-

a. Without end or conchuion; perpetually recur- gingly, adv.
ring eternal; interminable; infinite; incessant;
; Engender, en-jen^der, v. t. [-dered
void of design. —End'wise, -wiz, adv. On end; (-tlerd), -dering.] To form in
erectly; with the end forward. embryo, procreate to cause to ;

Endanger, en-dan^jer, v. t. [-gered (-jerd), -geking.] exist, produce; to sow the seeds
To put to hazard. of, breed, beget, occasion, cause.
Endear, en-der', v. t. [-deared (-derd'), -dearixg.] — V. i. To be caused or pro-
To make dear, or dearer. —
Endear'ment, n. Act duced.
of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. Engine, en'iin, n. {Mech.) A ma- ^ , ^ ,

Endeavor, en-dcv'er, n.A power for

putting forth of chine in which mechanic a 1 Engaged Colu
some end; an attempt; trial; effort; exertion. — v. powers are combined any instrument by which
;

i. [endeavored (-erd), -oring.] To exert power any effect is produced esp. one designed to kill ;
;

to accomplish an oDJect; to attempt, try, essay, aim. anything _used to effect a purpose means. En- —
—
;

?•. t. To attempt to gain. gineer'', -er', n. One skilled in engineering one ;

Endecagon. See Hendecagon. •

who manages an engine; one who carries tlirough —
Endorse, Endorsement, etc. See Ixdorse, etc. an enterprise by skillful or artful contrivance. "i\
Endow, en-doW, r. t. [-dowed (-dowd''), -dowixg.] t. [engineered (-erd'), -eering.] To perform the
To make pecuniary provision for esp., to furnish ; work of an engineer; to guide or carry through a
with dower; to enrich with any gift, quality, or —
measure or enterprise. Engineer ''ing, ?i. Science
faculty. — Endow'nient, n. Act of settling a fund and art of utilizing natural forces and materials,
or provision for the support of anyone; property, — divided into military engineering (the designing
fund, or revenue permanently appropriated to any and constructing defensive and offensive works)
object; gift of nature; talents; natural capacity. and civil engineering (the designing and construct-
Endiie. See Indue. ing machinery and fixed public works, as roads,
Endure, en-dur', v. t. [-dured (-durd''), -during.] canals, etc.)
To remain iirm under, sustain, brook, undergo; to English, in''glish, a. Pert, to England, its inhabitants,
bear with patience, bear up under. ?;. i. To con- — or their language. —
n. The people of England the ;

tinue in the same state without perishing, abide, language of the English nation and of their descen-
last; to remain firm under trial, sustain suffering dants in other countries; a peculiar impulse given
patiently. — Endur'able, a. Endnr'ance, n. — A to a ball in the game of billiards. {Print.) A kind
state of lasting or duration continuance act of ; ; of type, in size between pica and great primer.
bearing pain or distress without sinking; patience;
fortitude; resignation.
Eneid, .£neid, e-ne''id, n. An epic poem, by VirgU,
The type called English
in which iEneas is the hero. — Eng^lish,v. [-lished (-glishf), -lishing.] To
t.

Enema, e-ne'- or en-'e-ma. n. (3fed.) An injection, translate into English, Anglicize, interpret. {Bil-
or clyster, thrown into the lower bowel. liards.) To strike (a ball) with the cue, so that the
Enemy, eu'e-ml, n. One who is actuated by unfriend- ball receives a rotary motion deflecting it from its-
ly feelings; one who hates adversar^'^ :opponent ; ; natural course.
toe. — En'mity, -tT, n. Quality of being, etc.; hostil- Engrave, en-grav'', V. t. [imp. -graved (-gravd''); p.
ity; rancor; hatred; ill-will; malevolence. jj. -GRAVED or -GRAVEN; -GRAVING.] To carve fig-
Energy, en'5r-jT, n. Internal or inherent power ures, letters, or devices upon; to form l)y incisions
power efficiently exerted strength of expression ;
; upon wood, stone, metal, etc.; to impress deeply,
emphasis; vigor; spirit. (Mech.) Capacity for per- infix. —
Engrav'er, n. —
Engrav''ing, n. Actor art
forming work, or moving against resistance. En- — of cutting metals, wood, etc., and of representing
ergefic, -ical, -jefik-al, Exerting force; active;
rt. figures and devices on them, esp. to be printed from
exTiibiting energy; operating with vi^or and effect; them on paper; an engraved plate; impression from
powerful; efficacious; potent; effective. a plate; print.
Enervate, e-ner'vat, a. Weakened; without force. Engross, en-gros', v. t. [-grossed (-grosf), -gross-
V. t. To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or cour- ing.] To copy in a large, fair hand; to occupy
age; to enfeeble, debilitate; to cut the nerves of. wholly, absorb; to take unduly, swallow up, fore-
Enfeeble, en-fe'^bl, r. t. [-bled (-bid), -being.] To stall, monopolize. —
Engros8''ment, n. Act of, etc.;
render feeble, deprive of strength, weaken, debili- thing engrossed.
tate, enervate. — Enfee'blement, n. Enervation. Engulf. See Ingulf.
Enfeoff, en-fef, v. t. [-feoffed (-feff), -feoffino.] Enhance, en-hans', v. t. [-hanged (-hansf), -han-
(Law.) To give a feud to, invest with a fee. ging.] To raise to a higher point, advance, augment,
Enfold. See Infold. increase, aggravate. —
v. i. To be raised up; to grow
Enforce, en-fors', v. t. [-forced (-forsf), -forcing.] larger.
To put force upon, constrain, compel; to make or Enigma, e-nig''ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. An obscure ques-
gain by force; to give force to, strengthen, urge with tion or saying; puzzle; riddle; a statement, whose
energj'; to put in force, give effect to. hidden meaning is to be discovered; an action which
Enfrarfchise, en-frau'chiz, v. t. [-chised (-chizd), cannot be satisfactorily explained. Enigmafic, —
-chising.] To set free, liberate, release; to make -leal, a. Pert, to, containing, or like, etc.; ooscure.
free of a city, corporation, or state, naturalize. Enjoin, en-join', v. t. [-joined (-joind''), -joining.}
Engage, en-gaj', v. t. [-gaged (-gajd'), -gaging.] To put an injunction on, direct with authority,
To put under pledge, bind, involve; to gain for order. {Law.) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial
win and attach to occupy; to
service, enlist; to order or decree.
enter into contest with, encounter. v. i. To be-
;

— Enjoy, en-joi', v. t. [-joyed (-joid'), -joying.] To

come bound; to embark, take a part, enlist; to enter feel or perceive with pleasure; to have and use with
into conflict. —
Engaged'', p. a. Pledged prom- ; satisfaction; to have .sexual intercourse with. En- —
Biin, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, liien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ENLARGE 128 ENUCLEATE
joy'able, o.— Enjoy/ment, n. Condition of enjoj'ing;
pleasure; cause of joy; gratification; happiness.
Entail, en-taK, n. That which is entailed. (Law.) An
estate or fee entailed, or limited in descent to par-
I
Inlarge, en-larj'', v. t. "[-larged (-liirjd''), -laeging.] ticular heirs; rule by which the descent is settled.—
To make larger, increase the capacity of, dilate, as v.t. [entailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To settle in-
•with io}^, aftection, etc., increase, expand. r. t. To — alienably on a person or thing, or on a person and
grow large or larger; to be diffuse in speaking or his descendants.
writing, expatiate. —Enlarge'ment, of, or n. Act Entangle, en-tan'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To
state of being, etc.; expansion or extension, as of twist or interweave so as not to be easily separated ;

the mind; ennoblement; release from confinement, to involve in complications, perplex, embarrass, puz-
servitude, distress, etc.; diffusiveness of speech. zle. — Entan''glement, n. State of being, etc. ; in-
Inlighten, en-lTt'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To tricacy perplexity.
;

supply with light, illuminate to make clear to the Enter, en''ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teeixg.] To
intellect or con"science, inform, instruct.
;

Enliglit''- — come or go into, penetrate; to unite in, join, engage

ener, /(. — EEligWemnent, n. Act of, or state of in; to attain, reach, begin; to insert; to inscribe, re-
being, etc. cord. (Law.) To go into or upon lands, and take
£nlist, en-list'',
v. t. To enter on a list, enroll, regis- possession of them; to place in regular form before
ter; to engage in public service, unite firmly to a —
the court. v. i. To go or come in: to begin; to pen-
cause. —
V. i. To engage in public service by en- etrate to constitute a part. En''trance, -trans, ii. —
rolling one's name; to enter heartily into a cause. — ;

Act of entering, also of taking possession (of prop-

EnlisV'meiit, ». Act of , or state of being, etc.; the ert3^ or office) permission or power to enter door
; ;

writing by which a soldier is hound. or passage by which to enter act of beginning ;

Enliven, en-llv'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To commencement the causing to be entered, as of

;

give life, action, or motion to; to give spirit or vi- a ship or goods at a custom-house, a name upon
vacity to, cheer, animate, inspirit, invigorate. a register, etc. Entree'', ox-tra'', n. Entry; per-
Xnmity. See under ExEiiT. mission or right to enter; a course of dishes at table;
£nneagon, en''ne-a-gon, n. {Geom.) A polygon of 9 a side dish. —
En''try, -trT, n. Act of entering en- ;

sides and 9 angles. trance ; making a record a passage ; vestibule. ;

Ennoble, en-nc^bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.J To ( Com.) Exhibition of a ship's papers at the custom-
make noble, dignify, give titular rank to. house, to procure license to land goods. (Law.)
Xnnui, ox-nwe', H. A'feelingof weariness and disgust; The taking possession of lands or tenements by set-
listlessness; tedium; lassitude. ting foot on them a formal putting upon record. ;

Enormous, e-n6r'mus, a. Deviating from, or exceed- Enterprise, en'ter-priz, n. That whicn is undertaken;
ing, the usual rule; great beyond tlie common meas- a bold attempt; adventure; willingness to engage in
ure; huge; vast; prodigious; exceedingly wicked; labor which requires boldness, energy, etc. v.t. —
atrocious. — Enor''mity, State of being,
-mT-tl, ;;. To undertake, venture upon.
or that which is, immoderate, monstrous, or outrage- Entertain, en-ter-tan', v. t. [-taixed (-tand''), -taix--
ous; atrocious crime; flagitious villainy. IXG.] To maintain, support; to show hospitality to,
Enongh, e-nuf, a. Satisfying desire; adequate; suffi- receive as host; to engage agreeably the attention of,
cient. — adv. Sufficiently; fully; quite; in a toler- divert to take into consideration; to cherish. r. i. —
— —
;

able degree. n. A
sufficiency; a quantity which To receive guests. Entertain'ing, a. Affording
satisfies desire. —
Enow, -now'. " A
form of enough. entertainment; amusing; diverting. Entertain- —
Enquire. See Ixquire. ment, n. Act of receiving as host, or oi amusing,
Enrage, en-raj', v. t. [-raged (-rajd'), -ragixg.] To admitting, or cherishing; that wMch' entertains, esp.
fill with rage, provoke to madness, exasperate. a feast, banquet diversion pastime. ; ;

Enrapture, en-rap'chur, v. t. [-tured (-churd), -tue- Enthusiasm, en-thu-'zt-azm, n. An ardent zeal in re-
ixg.] To transport with pleasure; to ravish. spect to some object, cause, or pursuit; fervor of
Enravisli, en-rav-'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishixg.] soul; fanaticism.— Enthu'siast, n. One moved by
To transport with delight, enchant. enthusiasm; a visionary; fanatic; zealot. Enthu'- —
Enricli, en-rich'', r. t. [ricued (-richt''), -richixg.] siast'ic, -ical, a. Fillecl with, etc.
To make rich, adorn; to fertilize; to store- with Entice, en-tis', v. t. [-ticed (-tisf),. -ticixg.] To
knowledge, instruct. —
Enrich'^ment, n. Act of, or draw on, or instigate, by hope or desire; esp. to lead
that which, etc.; decoration; embellishment. astraj', tempt, decoy, seduce, inveigle, persuade.
Enroll, en-roK, v. t. [-rolled (-rold''), -rollixg.] To Entire, en-tir'', a. Complete in all parts; full and
write in a roll or register, record, enlist; to envelop, perfect; whole; not participated with others; full;
involve. —
EnrolKiaent, n. Act of enrolling; that in comprising all requisites in itself; without mixture
which anytliing is enrolled; a register. or alloy; without defect; complete; unbroken. (Bot.)
Ensample, en-sam''pl, n. An example. Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla.
Ensconce, en-skous', r. t. [-scoxced (-skonst''), Entitle, en-ti''tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tlixg.] To give
-scoxciXG.] To cover or shelter, as with a sconce a title to, dignify by an honorarj' designation, de-
or fort; to protect, hide securely. nominate, call; to give a claim to, furnish grounds
Ensemble, ox-som''b!, n. The whole all the parts ; for seeking.
taken together. _ Entity, eu''ti;-tT, n. A
real being, whether in thought
Enshrine, en-shrln'', v. t. [-shrixed (-shrind'), or in fact essence
; existence. ;

-siiRixixG.] To inclose in a shrine; to cherish. Entomb, en-toom'', r. t. [-tombed (-toomd''), -tomb-

Ensign, en'' sin, n. The banner distinguishing a com- IXG.] To deposit in a tomb, bury, inter, inhume.
pany of soldiers, army, or vessel; a badge, signal; a Entomology, en-to-moKo-jt, n. That part of zoology
commissioned officer,' who formerly carried the flag which treats of insects.
of a company or regiment. Entrails, en''tralz, n. pi. The bowels; guts; viscera: in-
Ensilage, en''sf-lej, w. {Agric.) Process of preserving ternal parts, as of the earth.
fodder crops in a green state, by Entrance, Entree. Entry. See under Enter.
depositing them in a silo. Entrance, en-trans'', r. t. [-TRAXCED(-transt''), -trax'-
Enslave, eii-slav', v. t. [-slaved rtijifew; CIXG.] To put into a trance, make insensible to
(-slavd''), -slavixg.] To reduce ""^"""''" present objects; to ravish with delight or wonder.
to slavery or bondage. —
Enslave'- 10^^
*-^ -^
Entrap, en-trap'', v.
t. [-trapped (-trapt''), -teap-
ment, n. PIXG.] To
catch as in a trap, in snare.
Ensnare. See Ixsxare. Entreat, en-tret'', v.
t. To treat, deal with, use or
Ensue, en-su', v. t. [-sued (-sud''), manage; to treat with, ask earnestly, importune, be-
-SUIx'^g.] To follow, pursue. v. — seech, beg, implore. —
Entreat''y, -f, n. Act of, etc.;
i. To follow or come after. solicitation ; suit ; petition.
Ensure. See Ixsure. Entrust. See Ix trust.
Entablature, en-tab'^a-chur, n. Entwine, en-twln'', v. t. [-twined (-twind''), -tb-in-
{Arch.) That part of an order IXG.] To twine, twist together.
which over the columns, in-
is
KdirfflT Entwist, en-twist'', t\ t. To twist or wreathe around.
cluding the architrave, frieze, and Enucleate, e-nu''kle-at, v. t. To bring out, as a kernel
cornice. Entablature. from enveloping husks t6 make manifest. ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 ENUMERATE 129 EQUAL
Enumerate, e-nu'mer-at, v. t. To count, mnnher, tilage at the base of the tongue, which closes the
compute; to recount, recapitulate. Enu'mera'tion, — •glottis and excludes food or dxink from the larynx
n. Act of, etc. a detailed account, in which each
; while eating.
thing is specially noticed. Epigram, epM-gram, n. A short poem on one sub-
Bnonciate, e-nun'shT-at, v. pro-
t. To announce, ject, ending with a witty thought.
claim, declare ; to make distinctly audible, pro- Epilepsy, ep'T-lep'st, n. {Med.) The falling sickness;
—
nounce. V. i. To utter words or syllables. Enun'- — a disease characterized by convulsions, stupor, and
cia'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; mode of pronunciation, foaming at the mouth. —
Epilep'^tic, a. Pert, to, af-
esp. as regards distinctness of articulation thing ; fected with, 0^ consisting of, epilepsy.
enunciated or announced; declaration. Enun'cia- — Epilogue, ep''T-log, «. A
speech or short poem ad-
tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to enunciation or ut- dressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after
terance. a play. {B/iet.) Closing part of a discourse.
Enveigle. See Ixveigle. Epiphany, e-iiif'a-nT, n. An apjiearance, or becom-
Envelop, en-vel'up, c. /. [-oped (-upt), -opixo.] To ing manifest. {Eccl.) A festival, celebrated Jan.
surround as a covering to wrap up, inclose within (;th, to commemorate the appearance of our Savior
—
;

a case, wrapper, etc. Envelope, en'vel-op or os- to the wise men of the East.
vel-op', Envel'op, -up, n. Tliat which envelops a ; Episcopal, e-pis'ko-pal, a. Governed by bishops; pert,
wrapper; esj). wrapper of a letter. to, or vested in, bishops or prelates pert, to the ;

Enviable, Envious, etc. See under Exvy. church of England, or the Prot. Episc.churchof U. S.
Environ, en-vi'mu, r. t. [-ko.ved (-rund), -roxing.] — Epis'copa'lian, -h-an, a. Pert, to episcopacy or to-
To surround, encompass, encircle to involve, en- the Episc. church; episco]ial. n. —
One who adheres
—
;

velop. Environment. «. Act of, state of being, to, etc.; a churchman. —

Epi3''copa''liani8m, -izm, n.
or that wliich, etc. —
Environs, en-vi'- or en'^vt- Episcopacy.— Epis'^:opally, ai/r.— Epis''copate, -pat,
runz, n. vl. Places surrounding another place, or in n. A bishopric; otricc and dignity ot a bishop; collec-
its neighoorhood. tive bod}' of bishops. —
Epis'copacy, -si, n. Gov-
Envoy, cu'voi, n. One dispatched upon an errand ; ernment of the church by bishops, or by 3 orders of
esp. one deputed to negotiate a treaty, or transact ministers —
bishops, priests, and deacons.
business, with a foreign government, disting.fr. — Episode, ep'T-sod, n. (Rhei.) An incidental narra»
an ambassador or permanent resident at a foreign five, or digi-ession, arising from the main subject."
court. Epistle, e-pis'l, ??. A writing sent to a person; letter.
Envy, eu'vY, v. t. [-vied (-vid), -vyikg.] To regard — Epis'tolary, -to-la-rt, a. Pert, or suitable to, or
with discontent and malevolent longing to be ; contained in, letters.
filled with emulation at sight of to desire strongly, ; Epitaph, ep-'T-tai, )?. An inscription on a monument^
covet. —V. i. To be filled with envious feelings. in memory of the dead.
— Pain, mortification, or discontent, excited by
n. Epithet, ep-^T-thet, n. An adjective expressing some
another's superiority; an object of envious feeling. quality, attribute, or relation of a person or thing ;
— En'viable, n. — Eii-'vlous, -us, a. Feeling, exhib- title; appellation.
iting, or directed by, envy. — En''viously, adv. Epitome, c-pifo-r.-ie, n. ; pi. -jies, A brief sum-
-mez.
Enwrap. See Ixwp.ap. mary ; abridgment ; compendium synopsis. ;

Epaulet, -lette, ep'aw-let', n. {Mil.) A badge worn Epizoijn, ep-T-zo'on, «.,• ;j/. -ZOA, -zo^'a. {Zool.) One
on the shoulder by military and naval oflficers. of a class of parasitic insects or worms living upon
Epergne, a-paru', ri. An ornamental stand in the cen- lice, acari, etc.; an animal infesting the surface of
ter of a table. the body of another —
as lice, fleas, etc. Epizootlc,^ —
Ephemera, e-fem^e-ra, n. {Med.) fever of one A -zo-ofik, a. Parasitic on animals pert, to, or af-
day's continuance only. (Entom.) The day-fly, or fected bj', diseases prevalent among animals
;

Cor- —
May-fly; strictly, a fly that lives one day only, ap- resp. to epidemic diseases among men. Epizo'oty, —
plied also to short-lived insects. Ephem'eral, n. — -o-tt, n. A murrain among horses, cattle, etc.
An j-tliing which lasts but a day or a very short time. Epoch, ep'ok, n. A
fixed point of time, from which.
~ Ephem'eral, -eric, -erous, -rus, a. Beginning and dates are reckoned ; a remarkable period of time;
ending in a day; diurnal existing for a short time
; era ; age.
only. — Ephem'^eris, n. pi. Ephejierides, -mer-'t-
; Epsom Salt, ep-'sum-sawlt. {Med.) Sulphate of mag-
dez. A journal; {Astvon.) An astronomical
diary. nesia having cathartic qualities, —
orig. prepared fr.
almanac; a tabular statement of the assigned place.s mineral waters at Epsom, England.
of a planet, comet, etc., on successive days. Equal, e-Tiwal, a. Having tlie same magnitude, di-
Epic, ep'ik, a. Containing narration relating great mensions, value, degree, etc. having competent
— ; ;

events. n. An epic or heroic poem. power or means; fit; not variable; equable; not un-
Epicure, ep'T-kur, n. A
follower of Epicurus, a duly inclining to either side; uniform; fair; just;
—
Greek philosopher who assumed pleasure to be the equitable. n. One not interior or superior to an-
highest good one addicted
sensual enjovmentsto other. —
v. «. [EQUALED (-kwald), EQUALING.] To
;

a voluptuary; sensualist. —
Epicurean, -ku're-an or
;

be or become equal to, or commensurate with ;

-ku-re'an, a. Pert, to Epicurus or his philosophy; to recompense fullj' to make equal or equal to,
given to luxury; luxurious. —
n. A follower of, etc.; equalize, regard as equals.
;

—
E'qually, -IT, adv.-^
one given to luxuries of the table. EquaKity, -kwoKT-tt, n. Condition or quality of
Epicycle, ep'T-si-'kl, n. {Ptolemaic Astron.) circle, A being equal. {Math.) Exact agreement between ex-
whose center moves round in pressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity.
the circumference of a greater
circle.
11.
— Epicy'doid, -kloid,
(Geom.) A curve generated .
r^^ — Equa-'tion, n. A making equal; equal division.
{Math.) An expression of the condition of equality
between two algebraic quantities, the sign= being
by a point in the circumfer- /^ placed between them. {Astron.) Difference between
eiicc of a movable circle, which \^ the true and the mean place or other element of a
rolls on the inside or outside celestial body. Equation ot'pai/meids. {Arit/i.) Pro-
of the circumference of a fixed cess of finding the mean time of payment of sums
circle, as by the point a or a' due at different times. —
/i. ci/^^?"/)(e. {Astro)i.) Dif-
in the circle A or A^. ference between mean and apparent time. Per-
Epidemic, ep-T-dem'ik, -ical, a. sonale. {Astron.) Difference between an observed
Common to, or affecting, a result and the true, depending on personal qualities
whole people or community in theobserver. —
Equa'tor, -ter, n. {Geog.) great A
fenerally prevailing. — ;

Epldem''ic, n. {Med.) A circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally

isease which, arising from a wide-spread cause, af- distant from the 2 poles, and dividing the earth's
fects many persons at once. surface into 2 hemispheres. {Astron.) great cir- A
Epidermis, ep-l-der'mis, 7i. {Anat.) The cuticle or cle of the celestial spheie, coincident with the plane
scarf-skin of the body outer layer of the skin of
; of the earth's equator. Eq''uity,— ek''wT-tt, n. The-
animals. {JBot.) External layer of the bark of a giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due,
plant. disting. fr. justice in requiring a higher standard
Epiglottis, ep-Y-glot-'tis, n. (Anat.) A valve of car- than enactment or custom. {Law.) An equitable

sfin, cube, full; moon, fd6t; cow, oil; linger or ink, iien, boNboN, chair, get.
9
 EQUESTRIAN 130 ESCUTCHEON
claim ; a system of jurisprudence, whose object is (Her.) One of
the furs used in blazonry, represented
to supply deficiencies of courts of law. Impartial- by spotsshaped as in the cut. .;- ^
ity rectitude ; honestv ; uprightness. Eq'uitable, — Eroide, e-rod', v. t. To eat into or > . . • ^
;

a. Possessing or exhibiting equity ; giving, or dis- away to corrode.

; Ero'sion, —
posed to give, each his due; pert, to the tribunal or
rule of equity fair reasonable right candid.
; ; ; ;
— -zhun, n. Act or operation of, or
state of being, etc. corrosion ;
if
;
J.*
E'quanim'ity. -tl, n. Evennessof mind; composure;
calmness.— Equian'gular, e-kwT-an'gu-ier, a. Con-
sisting of, or having equal angles. —
canker.
Err, er, v. i. [erred Cerd), erring
(er^ring).] To wander from the
.11
Equllat''eral. a. Having all the sides right way to mistake in judgment
equal. — Equilib''rium. -rl-um, n. ; L.
;

or opinion; to- fail morally. Er-

Ermine,
—
pi. -EIA, E. pZ. -RiUMS, -umz.
-rl-a ; rafic, -ical, a. Roving about with-
Equality of weight or force a just ; out a fixed destination eccentric not fixed or sta-
;

balance in respect to an object, so tionary transported from the original resting place.
;

that it remains firm; equal balancing Equilateral — Erra'tum, n. ; pi. -ta, -ta. An error in writing or
of the mind between motives or rea- Triangle. printing. —
Erro'neous, -us, a. Deviating from a
sons. —
E'quinos, n. The piecise time right course; not conformed to truth or justice; con-
when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points. taining error liable to mislead ; irregular false
— Autumnal equinox. the sun enters the Time when
— mistaken.
; ; ;

1st point of Libra, being about Sept. 23d. Vernal e. Errand, er^rand, n. Something to be said or done bj- a
Time when the sun enters the 1st point of Aries, be- messenger message commission; one's purpose in
ing about March 21st. E-'quipoise, -poiz, ?i. Equal- — going.
; ;

ity of weight or force, equilibrium a state in which ; Erst. See under Ere.
the 2 ends or sides of a thing are balanced; equality. Eruct, e-rukf, Eruc'tate, -tat, v. t. To eject, as wind,
— Equiv'alen.t. a. Equal in value, force, power, effect, from the stomach; to belch. Eructa'tion, w. Act of —
import, etc. {Geom.) Equal in dimensions, but not belching; a bursting forth, as of wind or other mat-
superposable. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin. ter from the earth.
— n.That which equal in value, weight, dignity,
is Erudite, er'u-dit, a. Characterized by extensive
or force.— Eqtiiv'ocal, a. Having diif erent significa- knowledge learned. —
Emdi'tion, -dish^'un, n.
;

tions equally appropriate or plausible ambiguous ; ; State of being, etc. ; literature learning. •> ;

uncertain capable of being ascribed to different

; Eruption, e-rup'shun, n. Act of bursting forth, as
motives; uncertain as to its cause or effect.— Equiv'- from inclosure or confinement; that wmch bursts
ocate, -kat, i'. i. To use words of equivocal or doubt- forth suddenly or violently. (Med.) The breaking
ful signitication with a view to mislead to prevari- ; out of a cutaneous disease ; the disease itself. —
cate, evade, shuffle. Erup'tive, -tiv, a. Breakino: forth ; attended with,
Eqnestrian, e-kwes'trl-an, a. Pert, to horses, their or producing eruption. (Geol.) Produced by,
management, and the art of riding; riding on horse- etc.
back performed by one on horsebaclc. — n. A Erysipelas, er-f-sip''e-las, n. (Med.) St. Anthony's
;

horseman; rider. E-'quine, -kwin, Equi^nal, — a. fire; an acute inflammatory disease of the skin and
Pert, to, or like, a horse. subjacent tissues.
£quip, e-kwip'', v. t. [equipped (-kwipt-'), -pixg.j To Escalade, es-ka-lad', n. (MU.) An attack in which
supply with what is necessary to etficient action, — ladders are used to mount a rampart. v. — t. To
said esp. of ships or troops to decorate. Eq'ui- ;
— scale; to mount and enter.
page, -pej, n. Furniture esp. furniture and sup- Escalop, es-skoKup, n. (Condi.) A bivalve shell, with
;

. plies of a vessel, or of an army, body of troops, or one straight side, the face usually marked with ribs.
single soldier ; equipment accouterments habili- A curving_indenture in the margin of anything.
; ;

ments attendance retinue.— Equip'ment, ?!. Act Escape, es-kap', v. t. [-caped (-kapf), -caping.] To
; ;

of, state of being, or thing used in, etc. flee from and avoid, shun; to avoid the notice of,
Era, e-'ra, n. ; pi. Er.\s, -raz. A fixed point of time, evade. v.i. To hasten away, avoid danger or in- —
from which a series of years is reckoned a succes- jury; to be passed without harm. n. Act of flee-; —
sion of years proceeding from a fixed point, or com- ing from danger, evading harm, or avoiding notice;
prehended between fixed points epoch age. deliverance from injury or restraint. Escape'^ment,
; ; .

Eradicate, e-rad'I-kat, v. t. To pull up by the roots, , n. Act of escaping: the' contrivance in a

extirpate, root out to put an end to, exterminate,
; time-piece which connects the wheel-
destroy. work with the pendulum or the balance,
Erase, e-ras'', v. t. [erased (-rast''), erasing.] To keeping the latter in vibration, — so
rub or scrape out, efface; to obliterate, as ideas in called because a tooth escapes from a
the mind or memory. pallet at each vibration.
Ere, ar, ody. Before; sooner than. prep. Before in Escarp, es-karp', n. (Fort.) Anj^thing
respect to time. —
Ere-long'', adv. Soon; before long. high and precipitous, as the side of the
— Ere-now', adv. Before this time. Ere-while', — ditch next the parapet. v. t. [es- —
-whiles'', -hwilz'r adv. Some time ago; a little while carped (-karpf), -CARPING.] (Mil.)
before. —
Erst, erst, adv. First at first in early ; ; To make into, or furnish with, a steep
times once formerly.
; ; slope. —
Escarp'ment, n. steep de- A Escape-
Erect, e-rekf, a. Upright, or in a perpendicular pos- clivity. ment.
ture; raised; uplifted; firmly established; bold. Escheat, es-chef, n. (Feud. & Eng. Law.) Reverting
V. t. To set upright, lift up, raise; to raise (a build- of lands to the lord of the fee-, through extinction of
ing) to give loftiness or high tone to, exalt to
; ; the blood of the tenant. (U. S. Law.) Falling or
cheer; to set up (an assertion or consequence from reverting of real property to the State, as orig. and
premises, etc.); to establish anew, construct, build, ultimate proprietor, by failure of legal owners a ;

institute, found. writ to recover escheats from the person in posses-

Ergo, er'^go, adv. Therefore; consequently. [L.] sion. Lands which fall to the lord or state by es-
Ergot, er'got, n. An elongated, black, poisonous form cheat; what falls to one; a reversion. v. i. (Law.) —
of the kernel of rye and other grasses, caused by a To revert, return, or become forfeited to the lord,
fungus, —
used to cause contraction of the uterus; the crown, or the state. _
spur; smut. (Far.) A protuberance behind and be- Eschew, es-choo'', v. t. [-chewed (-chood'), -chew-
low the pastern-joint. ing.] To flee from, shun, seek to avoid.
Ermine, er'min, n. An animal allied Escort, es'kQrt, n. An attendant to afford safety, re-
to the weasel, inhabiting northern spect, honor, or attention; a guard; protection on a
Europe and America, and having journey or excursion. Escort'', v. t. —
To attend
the fur white jn winter, but the tip in order to protect; accompany as safeguard.
of the tail intensely black through- Escritoire, es-kri-twSr'', ?}. writing-desk. A
out the year; the fur of the ermine; p, Esculent, es'ku-lent, a. Suitable to be used for food;
the dignity of judges, whose state -t^rmme.
edible. —n. Anything eatable.
robes, lined witn ermine, are emblematic of purity. Escutcheon, es-kuch-'un, n. (Her.) The shield; the

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 8dd, tone, or
 ;

ESKIMO 131 EUCHRE

field or ground on which a coat of ^ or worthy of, etc. —
Es'timate, -mSt, v. t. To form
arms is represented shield of a
; B an opinion of the value of, without actually measur-
family. [The 2 sides of an escutch- ing or weighing ; to compute, appraise, rate, calcu-
eon are designated as dexter and D late.— n. An approximate judgment as to amount,
sinister, and the different parts l\v E cost, —
Estdma'tlon, n.
etc. Act of estimating
the following^ names: A, dexter opinion of the worth, etc., formed without using-,
chief point: B, middle chief point: F precise data favorable opinion ; esteem ; honor re-'
; ;

C, sinister chief point; D, honor or H gard.

collar point; E, fesse or heart point; Esthetics. See under ^Esthetic.
F, nombril or navel point; G, dex- Escutcheon, Estop, es-top', V. t. [-TOPPED (-topf), -PING.] (Law.y
terbase point; H, middle base point; To impede or bar, stop the progress of. Estop'pel^ —
I, sinister base point.] {Xaut.) Part of a vessel's n. A conclusive admission, not to be controverted.
stern on which her name is written. (Carp.) A Estrange, es-trani', v. [-tranged (-tranjd'), -tran-
t.
plate finishing a key-hole. GiXG.J To make strange, keep at a distance; to di-
Eskimo. See Esquimau. vert from its original use or possessor, alienate; to
Esophagus, e-sofa-^us, n. (Anat.) Passage through alienate the affections or confidence of.
wliich food and drink pass to the stomach; gullet. Estray, es-tra', n. (Laiv.) A
domestic animal, wan-
Especial, es-pesh^al, a. Distinguished among others dering from its owner.
of the same kind peculiar particular principal.
; ; ;
Estuary, esfu-a-rt, n. A
narrow passage, as the mouth,
Espial. Espionage. See under Espv. of a river, where the tide meets the current; an arm
Esplanade, us-iila-nad'', 7i. {Fort.) The sloping of of the sea: frith.
the parapet of the covered way toward the country; Etcetera, -caetera, et-sefe-ra, contr. etc. and &c. Lit.
clear space between a citadel and the town. {Hort.) and other (things^j and so on, —
used at the end of
A grass-plat. Any clear space for public drives. a sentence, phrase, etc., to indicate that other things-
Espouse, es-powz', v. t. [-poused (-powzd''), -pous- are to be understood, or might be mentioned. [L.]
IXG.] To give as spouse, affiance, unite by promise Etch, ech, v. t. [etched (echt), etching.] To pro-
of marriage or by marriage ceremony; to take as duce (figures or designs) on metal, glass, etc., by
spouse, accept in marriage, wed to take up the
; lines eaten in by acid. v. i. —
To practice etching.
cause of, adopt, embrace. Eternal, e-ter'nal, a. Without beginning or end of
Espy, es-pi', r. t. [-pied (-pW), -pyixg.] To catch existence; always existing; everlasting; endless; im-
sight of, discern unexpectedlj'; to inspect narrowly, mortal; continued without intermission; perpetual;
examine and keep watch upon, find out, descry, spy. ceaseless;immutable. n. —
That which is without
— V. i. To look narrowlj-, look about. Espi'^al, n. — beginning or end; esp. the Deity; God. Eter'nity,. —
Act of, etc.— Espionage, es''pe-on-azh or -ej, n. Prac- -nl-tl, n.Condition or quality of being, etc. the ;

tice or employment of spies. condition which begins at death.

Esquimau, Eskimo, es'kl-mo, n. ; pi. -maux, -moz. An Ether, e''ther, n. (Physics.) A
subtle fluid supposed
Indian of tribes iohabiting arctic America and to pervade all space, and to be the medium of trans-
Greenland. mitting light and heat. (Chem.) very light, vol- A
Esquire, es-kwTr'', n. Orig., a shield-bearer or armor- atile, and inflammable fluid, produced by distilla-
bearer, an attendant on a knight, now, prop., a title tion of alcohol with an acid. —
Sulphuric ether. The
of dignity next below a knight, and giveu in Eng. druggist's common ether, produced by distillation
to younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king's of alcohol and sulphuric acid, —
the most valuable of
courts and of the household, to counselors at law, —
anesthetics. Ethe'real, -re-al, a. Pert, to the ether,
justices of the peace, sheriffs, and other gentlemen: or to regions bej'ond the earth or atmosphere; ce-
in the U. S., the title is indiscriminately used in ad- lestial; consisting of ether; exceedingly Uglit or airy;
dressing letters. —
v. t. [esquired (-kwird'), -quir- tenuous. (Chem.) Of, or pert, to, ether. Ethe'- —
ing.] To wait on, attend. realize, i\ t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To convert into^
Essay, es-sa', r. *. [-saited (-sad''), -SAYTffG.] To try, or saturate with, ether; to render ethereal. E'ther- —
attempt; to make experiment or trial of; to assay. — ize.i:t. [-IZED (-Izd), -tzixg.] To convert into, or
Es'say, n. A trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion. put under the influence of ether. E'theriza'tion,
, —
(Lit.) A composition shorter and less methodical n. (Med.) Administration of ether bj' inhalation;
than a formal treatise. state of the system under its influence.
Essence, es'sens, n. Formal or forhiative nature of Ethic, -ical, eth'ik-al, a. Pert, to manners or morals;
a complex notion; constituent qualities of a thing; treating of moral feelings or duties: containing pre-
materials common to a class as disting. fr. the form cepts of morality. —
Ethnics, w. Science of human
—
of an individual or species: a purely spiritual being; duty body of" rules drawn from this science.
;

the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essen- EthbKogy, -jY, n. Science of ethics, also of character,,
tial oil; perfume; odor; scent. r. t. —
[essexced and of customs among different communities or in
(-.senst), -SENciXG.] —
To scent. Essen'tial, -shal, different stages of civilization.
a. Pert, to the essence; really existing; important Ethiop, c'thT-op, -opian, -o'^pT-an, n. native or in- A
in the hi<rhcst degree; highly rectified; pure; un- habitant of Ethiopia ; an African. Ethio'^pian, —
mixed. O/h.-'.) Necessary; indispensable, said of — -op'ic, a. Pert, or relating to, etc. n. The lan- —
tones constituting a chord, disting. fr. ornamental guage of Ethiopia.
or accidental tones. (Med.) Idiopathic; independ- Ethnic, eth'^nik, -nical, a. Pert, to races ; based on
ent nf other disease. n.—Constituent principle. distinctions of race; heathen: pa^an, opp. to Jew- —
Establish, es-tab^hsh, r. t. [-lished (-lisht),-LisHi>'G.] ish and Christian. —
Ethnog'raphy, -fi, n. Descrip-
To make stable or firm; to settle; to enact by au- tion of races of men, with tlieir characteristics, man-
thority, ordain; to secure the reception of, uphold;
— ners, etc. —
EthnoKogy, -jT, n. Science of the divis-
to found, institute, as a colony, state, etc.; to set ion of man into races, their origin, relations, and
up in business.— Estab'lishment, n. Act of, or state differences.
or being, etc.; thing established, as, a form of gov- Ethology, etc. See under Ethic.
ernment; a permanent civil, military, or commer- Etiology, e-tl-oKo-jT, «. (Med.) Science of the causes-
cial organization ; a style of Living ; accustomed of disease. (Metaph.) Investigation of causes.
expense income ; salary ; permanent place of resi-
; Etiquette, et-t-kef, n. Observance of the proprieties
dence or business. of rank and occasion; conventional decorum.
Estate, es-taf, n. Fixed condition of any thing or Et3rmon, efT-mon, n. ; E. jjI. -moxs, -monz, Gr. pi,
person; rank; state; position; property; esp. prop- -MA, -ma. An onginal form: primitive word; root.
erty in land; also, property of all kinds which one — EtSTmoKogy, -jT, n. That part of philology which
leaves to be divided at his death; one of the ranks or explains the origin and derivation of words; that
classes of men constituting the state. (Law.) The part of grammar relating to changes in the forms of
interest which one has in lands or other effects. —
words. Et'ymolog'ical, -loj''ik-al, a. Pert, to ety-
Esteem, es-tem', v. t. [-teemed (-temd''), -teeming.] —
mology. Etjnnol'ogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc.
To set a value on, estimate, set a high value on, re- Euchanst, u'ka-rist, n. (Ecd.) The sacrament of
gard with respect or affection.— 71. High value; the Lord's supper; communion.
great regard. — Es'timable, -tT-ma-bl, a. Capable Euchre, u'ker, n. A game at cards. — v. t. To defeat

Slin, cQbe, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNbox, chair, get.
 EUDIOMETER 132 EVOLVE
who has made the trump in playing euchre; to
one
defeat, outwit, foil.
Eudiometer, u-dT-om''e-ter, n. An instrument to as-
certain the purity of the air, or its
quantity 'of oxygen. — Eudiom'etry,
lar daj', as
Christmas
Chi-istmas eve is the evening before
period just preceding some event.
;

E'vening, re. Latter part of the day and begin-

ning of night or darkness; latter portion or declin-
ing period (of life, etc.).
—
\
, -trT, n. Art or practice of, etc. Even, e-'vn, a. Level, smooth, or equal in surface;
Etilogium, u-lo'jl-um, Eu'logy, -jT, n. A ^ps not rough; uniform in motion or action; equable;
s[)eech or writing in commendation of ^1 not easily disturbed; parallel; on a level; equally
any one's character or services; enco- balanced adjusted fair equitable, said of ac- —
mium panegyric. —
Eu'logize, v. t.
; ;

counts, bargains, etc.: not odd; capable of division

;

—
;

[-G1ZED (-jizd), -GiziNG.] To Speak or by2, saidof numbers. v. t. [evened (e'vnd),

write in commendation of to praise. ; EVEXiXG.] To make even or level; to balance; to
—Eu'logist, n. One who, etc. Eiilo- — balance accounts. adv. In an equal or precisely
gisfic, o. Pert, to, given to, or char- similar manner; equally; at the very time; so much
acterized by, etc.; laudatory. as as was not to De expected.
; E'venly, adv. — —
Eonuch, u'n'uk, n. A
castrated man, E'venness, n.
often employed as a chamberlain in Evening. See under Eve.
the East. Event, e-venf, re. That which falls out; any inci-
liupatorium, u'pa-to''rT-um, n. genus A dent consequence of anything occurrence ad-
— ;
; ;

of plants, including hemp, agrimony, venture issue result end. Event'ful, -ful, a.
—
; ; ;

boneset.tlioroughwort
I o or Indian sage,
o .^ _. Full of, or distinguished for, etc. Event ''ual,'-u-al,
etc,
.
Eudiometer. a. Happening as a consequence or result conse-
Euphemism, u''fe-mizm, n. A
delicate word or ex- quential terminating ultimate. Evenfually, — ;

pression used for one harsh or indelicate. Eu- — adv. — ; ;

Event'ual'ity, -X-Vi, re. {Phren.) Disposition

pliemis''tic, -tical, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. to take cognizance of events. See Phkexology.
Euphony, u^fo-nT, n. An
agreeable sotmd, easy, — Event'uate, v. i. To issue, as a consequence or
smooth enunciation of sounds. Euphon''ic, -ical, — event, terminate.
-fon''ik-al, Euphc'nious, -fo^nT-us, a. Agreeable in Ever, ev'er, adv. At anytime; at all times; always;
sound. —
Eu'phonism, -fo-nizm, n. An agreeable continuallj'; withoutcessationorinterruption; to the
sound or combination of sounds euphony. Eu- — end. [Contr. E'er, ^r.] —
Ev''erglade, re. Low land
A
;

—
phon'^icon, n.
-nl-imi, n.
family.
kind of pianoforte.
A
Euphc'nium,
bass instrument of the sax-horn grass.
out the year.
—
covered with shallow water and a growth of high
green, a. Always green; verdant through-
?i. —
A plant which, etc. lasfing,
Euphuism, u''fu-izm, n. (^Rhet.) Affectation of ex- a. Lasting or enduring forever; immortal; eternal;
cessive elegance and refinement of language. continuing indefinitely. n. Eternal duration, past
Eurasian, u-ra''shan, n. A
child of one European and and future; eternal; a woolen material for shoes,
one Asiatic parent; one born in Asia of European etc. (Bot.) A
plant, whose flowers dry without los-
A
parentage.
European, u-ro-pe'an, a. Pert, to Europe or its in-
— A
ing their form or color. game at cards.
ingly, adv. Perpetually; continually.
last''-
liv'ing, o. —
habitants. n. native or inhabitant of, etc.
Eustachian, u-sta'kt-an, a. (Anat.) Discovered by
Eustachius, an Italian physician. E- tube. (Anat.)—
—
Living without end; eternal; continual; incessant.
more', adv. During eternity; always; for an
indefinite future period. Ev'ery, -T, a. The sep- —
Aslender air-passage from a cavity in the ear to the arate individuals which constitute a whole, regard-
hack part of the mouth. E. —
valve. {Anat.) A ed one by one. Ev'ery-day, a. Used or fit for every
—
semilunar, membranous valve in the heart. day common usual customary.
; ; where, adv.
;

Evacuate, e-vak'u-at, v. t. To make empty; to re- In every place; in all places.

move, eject, void, discharge; to withdraw' from or Evict, Eviction. See under Evixce.
desert (a city, fort, etc.); to make void, nullify, va- Evident, ev'T-dent, a. Clear to the vision; esp. clear
cate. —
Eyacua''tion, re. Act of, etc.; thing evacuated to the understanding; obvious; notorious. Ev'i-
or discharged; esp. a discharge by stool or other nat- dence, -dens, re. That which makes manifest; ground
ural means. —
Evac'ua'tive, -tiV, a. Serving or of belief conclusive testimony
; one who makes
—
;

tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative. evident; a witness. (Law.) Means of proof v. t. .

Evade, e-vad', v. t. To get away from by artifice, [-DEXCED (-denst), -dejtcing.] To render evident
elude, escape. v. i.— To escape, slip awaj-, attempt or clear; to prove, evince.
to escape. Eva^'sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.; esp. Evil, c'vl, a. Having had natural or moral qualities;
of eluding an accusation, interrogation, etc.; shift; producing sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity
subterfuge ; prevarication equivocation.
; Eva''- — mischievous; wicked; bad. /i. That which pro- —
sive, -siv, a. Tending to evade; marked by evasion. duces unhappiness or suffering moral badness
—
; ;

Eva'sively, adv. malady or disease, esp. in the phrase ting's evil, the
Evanescent, ev-a-nes'sent, a. Vanishing ; fleeting scrofula. —
adv. In an evil manner; ill.
imperceptible. —
Evanes''cenee, -sens, re. Act, state,
;

Evince, e-vins', v. t. [evinced (-vinsf), evixcixg.]

or quality of. etc. Lit., to conquer completely; to prove beyond rea-
Evangel, e-van'jel, n. Good news ; the gospel. — sonable doubt, make evident. —Evin''cible, a. Ca-
EvangeKic, -ical, a. Contained in, or pert, to, the pable of being proved; demonstrable. Evin^cive, —
4 Gospels ; pert, to, consonant with, or contained -siv, a. Tendingto, etc.— Evlct'',w. t (Law.) To dis-
in, the gospel; earnest for the truth taught in the possess by legal process. Evic'tion, n. Act of, etc.
gospel; technically applied to a party in some Prot- Eviscerate, e-vis'ser-at, v. t. To take out the entrails
estant churches. —
Eva^el'ically, adv. Evan- — of, disembowel, gut.
geKicism, -T-sizm, Evangelical principles.
n. — Evitable, ev'l-ta-bl, a. Capable of being shunned.
Evan^gelist, re. One of the writers of the gospel his- Evoke, e-vok', v. t, [evoked (-vokf), evoking.] To
tory; one authorized to preach, but not to adminis- call out, summon forth.
ter the eucharist; a preacher without fixed charge; Evolve, e-volv', v. i. [evolved (-volvd'), evolvixg.])
a revivalist. —
Evan^gelize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -iz- To unfold or unroll, develop; to throw out, emit. —
IXG.] To preach the gospel to, convert to a belief of V. i. To become open, disclosed, or developed.
the gospel. —
v.i. To preach the gospel. Evolute, ev'o-lut, re. (Geoni.) A curve from which
Evaporate, e-vap'o-rat, v. i. To pass off in vapor, as another curve, called the invo-
a fluid; to be dissipated, be wasted. v. t. To dis- — lute or evolvent, is described by
sipate in vapor or fumes. —
a. Dispersed in vapors. the end of a thread gradually
—Evap'ora'tion, n. Act or process of turning into, wound upon the former, or un-
or passing off in, vapor; transformation of part of a wound from it. Evolu'tion, —
fluid into vapor, to concentrate fixed matters con- n. Act of .unfolding or unrol-
tained in it in a state of greater consistence. ling; in the process of growth,
Evasion, Evasive, etc. See under Evade. development; a series of things
Eve, ev, Even, e'yn, n. Latter part or close of the unrolled or unfolded. (Geom.)
day; evening; the evening preceding some particu- Formation of an involute by un- ABC, Evoiute.
5m, fame, far, pass m- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 8dd, tone.
 EWE 133 EXCLUDE
winding a thread from anotlier curve as an evolute. quality of being excellent; a valuable quality; a
(Aritk. & Alg.) Extraction of roots. (JUL & JVaraZ.) title of honor excellency superiority
: worth ; ;

A prescribed movement of a body of troops, vessel, greatness. —

Ex'cellency, -sT, ?«. Valuable quality;
;

or fleet. {I'luj^'iol.) That theory of generation in excellence a title ot honor given to dignitaries of
which the germ is held to preexist in the parent,
:

a court or state, embassadors, etc. Ex'cellent, a. —

and its parts to be developed, but not actually Excelling or surpassing others in virtue, dignity, at
formed, by the procreative acts. (^Biology.) History tainnients, etc.; worthy; clioice.
of the steps by which any living being has acquired Except, eks-sept', r. t. To leave out of any number
its distinguishing morphological and physiological specitied, exclude. — v. i. To take exception to, ob-
characteristics. (Jtrtaph.) beries of changes under ject. —/we;). With exclusion of; leaving out; ex-
natural law, involving continuous progress from the cepting; but.— fo/(/. Unless; if not.— Ezcep'tion, ?i.
homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and Act of, etc. thing excepted a person, tiling, or
; ;

from the single and simple to the diverse and mani- case, specitied as distinct, or not included. {Law.)
fold in quality or function. —
Evolu'tionary, -rl, a. An objection, oral or written, taken, as to bail or
Pert, to evolution. —
Evolu'tionist, «. One skilled security or as to the decision of a judge, etc. An
;

in evolutions: one wlio holds the physiological or objection dissent cause ot offense. Excep'tion- —
—
; ;

metaphysical doctrine of, etc. able, a. Liable to, etc. oiijectionable. Excep''- ;

Ewe. u, n. A
female sheep. tional, a. Forming an exception; exceptive; better
Ewer, u'er, n. A pitcher with a wide spout. than tlie average; of marked e.xcellence; eminently
Exact, egz-akf, a. Precisely agreeing jvith a stand- superior. —
Excepfive, -iv, u. Including, making,
ard, a fact, or the truth accurate methodical
; ; or being an exception exceptional. Excepfor,; —
functual marked by nicety or care proceeding
; ; -er, n. One who takes exceptions.
rom, or characterized by, exactness; correct; pre- Excerpt, eks'serpCi'- extracts from, oi
<• To make
cise nice methodical. v. t. —
To demand or re- an extract of to select, extract, cite or cite from. —
; ;

quire authoritatively or of right; to extort. Exac'- — n. An extract a passage

;

selected from an author.

;

tion, n. Authoritative demand; a driving to com- Excess, ExcesBive._ See under Exceed.
pliance: extortion; thing exacted; tribute. Exact- — Exchange, eks-chanj', v. t. T-ciiaxged (-clianid'),
itude', -tud', n. Exactness. -CHANGING.] To give or take in return for some-
Exaggerate, egz-aj'er-at, v. t. To increase or amplify; thing else; esp., in trade, to barter to part with for ;

to lieighten, esp. to represent as greater than truth a substitute, interchange, commute, bargain, swap,
or justice will warrant. {Paint.') To heighten in traffic. —V. I. To be changed or received in ex-
coloring or design. —
Exag''gera''tion, n. Represen- change for; to pass in exchange. ?i. Act of giving —
tation beyond truth; hj'perbole. {Paint.) repre- A or taking one thing in return for another, or of
sentation of things beyond natural life, in expres- giving and receiving reciprocally thing given for ;

sion, vigor, etc. —

Exaff''geratory, -to-ri:, -tive, -tiv, something received. {Cum.) Process of seUling ac-
a. Containing, or tending to, etc. counts or debts between parties at a distance, with-
Exalt, egz-awlt', v. t. To elevate, lift up; to elevate out intervention of money, by exchanging orders
in rank, dignity, power, etc.; magnify, extol: to lift / or drafts, called bills of exchange. (Law.) mu- A
up with joy or success, elate; to elevate the tone of, tual grant of equal interests, the one in considera-
utter. (Chem.) To render pure or refined.- Exal- tion of the other. Place where mei chants and bank-
ta'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ers of a city transact business, at certain hours,
Examine, egz-am^in, v. t. [-ixed (-ind), -ining.] To — contr. into Change. Exchange'' able, a.
' —
Ex- —
try and assay by appropriate tests; to inquire into change'abil''ity, n. — Exchan'^er, n.
aud determine; to investigate tlie fact, reasons, or Exchequer, eks-chek'er, ?i. In Eug., one of the supe-
claims of to consider the arguments for, or the
; rior courts of law, so called Irom a checkered —
merits of; to try, as an offender; to test the attain- cloth, which covered the table. The treasury; pe-
ments of, as a scholar; to question, as a witness; to cuniary possessions in general. v. t. [exciieq- —
prove by a moral standard, discuss, scrutinize, ex- UEEED (-erd), -UERiNG.] To institute a process in
plore. — Exam'ina''tion, n. Act of, or state of being, the Court of Exchequer.
etc.; careful search, investigation, or inquiry; pro- Excise, eks-siz'', n. An inland duty of the nature of
cess for testing qualifieation. a direct tax on the consumer, also levied on li- —
Example, egz-am'pl, n. A portion taken to show the censes to pursue certain trades, and deal in certain
character of the whole; a sample; a pattern or copy; commodities. v. t. [e.ycised (-sizd''), -cisixg.}
a warning caution; precedent; an instance illus-
; To lay an excise upon; to impose upon; overcharge.
trating a rule or precept. — Exem''plar, n. A model, Excise, eks-siz'', v. t. To cut oft' to separate and re- ;

original, or pattern, to be imitated. Exem'plary, — move. —Excis'ion, -sizh^'un, ?;. Act of, etc.; extir-
-rT, a. Serving as, etc. commendable conspicu- pation destruction. (Eccl.) Excommunication.
—
; ; ;

ous.— Exem'piarily, -rTlI, a'/i\ Exem''plify, -pll- (Surg.) Removal, esp. of small parts, with a cutting
fl, V. t. [-FiED(-fid), -FYIXG.J To show by example, instrument.
copy, make an attested copy of, prove by an attest- Excite, eks-sit'', v. t. To call to activity, awaken,
ed copy. —Exem'pliflca'tion, n. Act of, or thing stimulate, irritate, provoke. {Med.) To increase
which," etc. the vital activity of the bodj'. Excite''ment, n. —
Exasperate, egz-as'per-at, v. t. To irritate in a high Act of, or state of being, etc.; agitation; that which
niruravatQ, imbitter, provoke, enrage.
de;,^i-ee, Ex- — excites. {Med.) A
state of exalted vital activity in
as'pera'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. the body or any of its parts. Excit''er, n. Excit''- — —
Excavate, eks''ka-vat, v. t. To hollow out, form a ing, p. a. Calling or rousing into action; producing
cavity in, form by hollowing. Excava'tion, ».. Act — excitement. —
Excit''able, a. Capable of being
of, etc.; a hollow formed by removing the interior. roused into action. —
Excit'abiKity, n. Quality o^
Exceed, eks-sed', v. t. To pass or go bej'ond to sur- : being, etc. (Med.) Irritability. Excit'ant, n. —
pass, excel, transcend. v. i. To go too far, pass {Med.) A
stimulant. —
Excita''tion, iu Act of, etc.
proper bounds; to be more or larger. Sxceed^'ing, — Exclaim, eks-klam'', ?•. i. [-claimed (-klanid^), -claim-
-ingly, adv. In a very great degree unusually ing.] To cry out from earnestness, passion, sur-
surpassingly; transcendently. Excess'', ?i. State —
; ;

prise, etc. to vociferate.

; Exclama''tion, n. Act —
of surpassing or exceeding limits; superfluity; un- of, etc.; an uttered expression of surprise, joy, etc.
due indulgence of appetite; intemperance; dissipa- {Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection.
tion that which exceeds what is usual or proper;
; {Print.) A sign by which emphatic utterance or out-
degree or amount by which one thing or number cry is marked, thus [!].
exceeds another remainder.; Excess'^ive, -iv, u.— Exclude, eks-klud'', v. t. To thrust out or eject to ;

Marked by, etc. transgressing laws of morality, hinder from entrance, debar from participation or
;

prudence, propriety, etc. ; extreme vehement. — enjoyment. —

Esclu''sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.
Excess^ively, adv.
;

— Exclu''sionist, n. One who would exclude an-

Excel, eks-ser, v. t. [-celled) (-seld''), -celling.] other from some privilege. Exclu'sive, -siv, -sory, —
To exceed, surpass, esp. in good qualities or deeds. -so-rT, a. Able to exclude; not taking into account.
— V. i. To have good qualities in an unusual degree; — n. One of a coterie who exclude others an ex-
—
;

to surpass others. Ex'cellence, -lens, n. State or clusionist.— Exclu'"sively, arfr.- Exclu'siveness, w.

sfin, cube, full ; moon, fo&t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 EXCOMMUNICATE 134 EXPAND
Excommunicate, eks-kom-niu''nTt-kat, v. t. To ex- be emitted in vapor, evaporate. v. i. To rise or —
pel from communion, esp. of the church to pro- be given off, as vapor. Exliala'^tion, n. Act or ; —
nounce an ecclebiastical sentence against. process of, etc. evaporation that exhaled fume ; ; ;

Excrement. See under Excrete. or steam effluvium. ;

Excrescence, eks-kres'sens, n. Any thing growing Exhaust, e^z-awst', v. t. To draw out or drain off
out unnaturally from anything else a superfluity. Completely to empty b}"^ drawing out the contents; ; ;

Excrete, eks-kret', v. t. To discharge from the body to use, employ, or expend entirely, wear out, wearj-.
as useless; to eject. —
Excre'^tion, n. Act i)f throw- — u. Drained; exhausted having expended or lost
ing off effete matter from the animal system mat- its energy. n. Foul air let out of a room by a reg- — ;

ter excreted excrement. Ex'cretive, -tiv, a.

; ister, etc. —
Exhaus'^tion, -chun, n. Act of, or state
;

—
Having the power of excreting, or promoting ex- of being, etc.; state of i)eing deprived of strength or
cretion. —
Ex''cretory, -to-rl, a. Having the quality spirits.
of, etc. — n.
(Anat.) duct or vessel that receives A Exhibit, egr-ib'it,v. t. To hold forth or present to
and excretes matter. Es'^crement, n. Matter ex- — view; to show, display to present in a public or ;

creted and ejected, esp. alvine discharges dung official manner. {Med.) To administer as a remedy.
—
; ;

ordure. _ n. Any paper produced as a voucher, or in proof

Excruciate, eks-kroo'shl-at, v. t. To inflict most se- of facts. {Law.) A document provt-d in a cause, by
veie pain upon; to torture, torment. admission or by witness. Thing exhibited, esp. a
Exculpate, eks-kuKpat, v. i. To clear from the im- collection of articles placed on public exhibition.
putation of fault or guilt to exonerate, absolve, — Exhib^iter, n. —
Exhibition, eks'hi-bish''un, n.
—
;

justify. —
Exculpa'tion, n. Act of, etc. Excul'pa- Act of exhibiting manifestation display thing
; ; ;

tory, -to-TT., a. Able to, etc. excusing. ; displayed public show. {Med.y The act of ad-
;

Excursion, eks-ker'shun, n. setting out from some A ministering a remedy.

point; an expedition a trip for pleasure or health ; ; Exhilarate, egz-iKa-rat^ v. t. To make cheerful or
tour; ramble jaunt a wandering from a subject merry ; to enliven, gladden, cheer.
— ; ;

digression. Excur'sive, -siv, a. Prone to make ex- Exhort, egz-Srt', v. t. To incite by words or advice, ad-
cursions enterprising exploring. vise, warn, caution. v. i. To' deliver exhortation. —
Eacuse, eks-kuz'',
;

v. t. [-cused (-kuzdO, -cdsikg.] To

;

— Eshorta''tion,eks-, n. Act or practice of, etc.

free from accusation, or imputation of blame to ; language intended to incite and encourage coun- ;

exculpate, absolve; to pardon, as a fault, regard with sel.

indulgence, overlook to free from an impending ; Exhume, eks-htim'', v. t. [-iiumed (-humd')) -HUiiiifG.]
obligation or duty not to exact to ask pardon or ; To dig up, as from a grave, disinter.
indulgence for. — ;

Excuse', -kus'', yi. Act of excus- Exigence, eks'I-jens, -gency, -jen-sl, n. State of be-
ing, apologizing, exculpating, pardoning, releasing, ing exigent urgent or exacting want ; distress
etc. a plea offered in extenuation of a fault apol-
; ; emergency ; necessity. Ex^'igent, n. {Luvj.) — ; ;

A
ogy that which extenuates or justifies a fault. judicial writ in the process of outlawry.— a. Re-
;

Excus'er, -ktiz'^er, n. Excus'able, -kuz'-, a. — quiring immediate action; pressing.

Execrate, eks''e-krat, v. t. To denounce evil against Exile, eks'^il, n. Forced separation from one's native
imprecate evil upon to abhor, abominate, curse. country proscription expulsion one banished
— Execra''tion, n. Act of cursing a curse pro-
;

; from his country.

;

v. t. [exiled (-Ud), -ili>"g.]— ; ;

nounced that which is execrated. Ex'ecrable, a.

; — To banish from one's country, drive away.
Deserving, etc. detestable abominable. ; ; Exist, egz-ist', v. i. To be to have actual" or real be- ;

Execute, eks'^e-ktit, v. t. To follow through to the ing, material or spiritual to occur manifest it- ; ;

end, carry into complete effect to render valid, as ; self to hve, have life.
; Existence, -ens, -ency, -en- —
by signing and sealing to give effect to, fulfill, ; si, n. State of existing or being ; occurrence ; that
achieve, consummate to inflict capital punishment : which exists; a being; creature.
on, put to death. {Mas.) To perform, as a piece of Exit, eks'it, n. Departure of a player from the stage;
music. —
V. i. To perform an office or duty; to play any departure ; act of quitting the stage of action
on a musical instrument. Ex-'ecu'ter, ?i. Execu- — — or of life death ; decease ; way of departure ; pas-
;

tion, w. Act of executing performance legal ac- ; ; sage out of a place.

complishment; a putting to death as a legal penalty; Exode, eks''od, «. {Gr. Drama.) The catastrophe of
act or mode of performing works of art, of perform- a play. {Rom. Antiq.) comic afterpiece. Ex'- A —
ing on an instrument, engraving, etc. {Law.) final A odus, -o-dus, n. Departure from a place; esp. depar-
process act of signing and sealing a legal instru-
; ture of the Israelites from Egypt under Moses 2d ;

—
ment. Effect. Execu''tioner, n. One who executes, book of the Old Testament, which relates this de-
esp. a judgment of death. Executive, egz-ek''u-tiv, — parture.
a. Designed or fitted for, qualifying for, or pert, to, Exonerate, egz-on''er-at, v. t. To relieve of (a charge,
etc.— n. The officer (king, president, etc.) who su- obligation, or load of blame) to absolve, acquit,
perintends the execution of laws. Exec'utor, -ter, — clear, discharge. —
Exon'era'tion, n. Act of, or state
;

n. One who executes or performs; person appointed of being, etc.

by a testator to execute his wiU, or to see it carried Exorbitant, egz-Sr'bT-tant, a. Departing from an
into effect, after his decease. Exec'utresp, -utrix, — orbit or usual track deviating from the usual ;

n. A female executor. course; excessive; extravagant; enormous; anoma-

Exemplar, Exemplify. See under Example. lous irregular.
;

Exempt, egz-empt', v. t. To take out or from, grant Exorcise, eks-'or-siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cisixG.]
immunity from, release. a. Taken out or re- — To drive away (an evil spirit) by adjuring by some
moved liberated. n. One freed from duty. — — hoh' name; to deliver from the influence of an evil
;

Exemp'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. spirit. —

Ex^'orcism, -sizm, n. Act of exorcising a ;

Exercise, eks'er-siz, v. Act of exercising exertion ; ; form of prayer or incantation for this end.
use; act of putting in practice performance per- ; ; Exordium, egz-6r''dl-um, n. ; E. pi. -diujis, -dt-umz,
formance of a public office or ceremony, esp. of L.'pl. -DiA, -dl-a. Beginning of anj'thing ; esp. in-
religious worship; exertion for the sake of training troductorj' part of a discourse.
or improvement hygienic activity a disquisition; Exoteric, -ical, eks-o-ter''ik-al, a. Public not secret
:

lesson task that which gives practice a trial.

; ;
;

;
— capable of being fully comprehended, opp. to eso- —
;

v.t. [exercised (-sizd),-ciSiXG.] To set in action, teric.

employ, school or train, busy; to exert for the sake Exotic, egz-ot'ik, -ical, a. Introduced from a foreign
of improvement, improve by practice, discipline; to country; not native. Exot'ic, n. Anything of for- —
occupy the attention and eflt'ort of; to task, tax, vex; eign origin, as a plant, word, custom, etc.
to use, employ. v. i. —
To take exercise; use action Expand, eks-pand', v. t. To lay open; to make larger,
or exertion. dilate, distend; to enlarge, extend, open. v.i. To —
Exert, egz-erf, v. t. To put forth, as strength, force, become opened, spread apart, dilated, or enlarged.
or ability ; to bring into active operation to do or — ExpanBe', -pans'', n. That which is expanded
perform. —
Exer^'tion, n. Actof, et^.; effort.
;

wide extent of space or body; the firmament. Ex- —

Exhale, egz-haK, [-haled (-hald'), -halixg.]
v. t. pan'sible, a. Capable of being, etc. Expan'sibil''- —
To emit, as vapor, send out, as an odor to cause to ; ity, -tl, n. Capacitv of, etc. Expan'sion, -shun, n. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 EXPATIATE 13o EXPRESS
Act of, or condition of being, etc. thing expanded; ; perish. —
Expira'tion, 7>. Act of expiring, as a. —
expanse; space; room. breathing out of air from the lungs emission of ;

Expatiate, eks-pa'shl-at, v. i. To move at large, wan- volatile matter; exhalation; last emission of breath;
der without restraint; to enlarge in discourse, des- death; termination end; matter breathed forth.
;

cant. — i-.t. To cause or allow to roam abroad; to Explain, eks-plan',v. t. [-pl.\ixed (-pland'), -plaix-
extend, diffuse.— Expa'tia'tion, 71. Act of, etc. ING.] To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to
Expatriate, eks-pa'trl-at, v. t. Jl'o banish; to remove expound, interpret, elucidate, clear up. r. i. To —
(one's self) from one's native country. give explanation. — Explana''tion, n. Act of, etc. r

Expect, eks-pekt', I". «. To wait for. await; to look that which makes clear; meaning attributed to any-
forward to, anticipate, think, believe. Expecf- — thing by one who expounds it a mutual exposition
;

acce, -ancy, -an-sT, n. Act or state of, etc. thing ; of meaning, to adjust a misunderstanding defini- ;

expected. —
Expecfant, a. Having an attitude of tion ;interpretation account. ; —
Explan'atory,
expectation waiting
; looking for in medicine, -plan'a-to-r1, a. Serving to explain; containing ex-
—
; ;

waiting for the elforts of nature. n. One who planation.

waits in expectation. —
Expecta'tion, n. Act or Expletive, eks'ple-tiv, ct. Filling up; superfluous.
state of exi)ecting state of being expected
; thing ; 71. A word or syllable not necessarj' to the sense, —
expected; ground of expecting; reason for anticipa- but inserted to fill a vacancy, or for ornament.
ting future benetits; value of any prospect depend- Ex''pletory, -to-rT, _«. Serving to, etc.
ing upon the happening o_f some uncertain event. Explicate, eks'plT-kat, v. t. To unfold the meaning-
Expectorate, eks-pek'torat, r. t. To discharge of, explain, interpret. —
a. Evolved: unfolded.
(plUegni, etc.) by coughing, hawking, and spitting.
— Ex'plicable, «. —
Explica'tion, n. Act of. etc. ex- ;

V. i. To di^charire matter from the lungs or throat; planation: interpretation; sense sriven liy an exposi-
to spit. —Expec'tora'tion, n. Act of, etc. matter : tor.— Explic'it, -jTtis'it, a. Distinctly stated: clear;
expectorated. —Expec'torant, rt. (31ed.) Tending not obscure or ambiguous; express; having no dis-
to promote dischaiges from the lungs or throat. n. — guised meaning or reservation.
(Med.) A medicine which, etc. Expec'torative, — Explode, eks-plod'', v. i. To burst with a loud report;
-tiv, u. Exjiectorant. to detonate. —
r. ^. To cause to explode, touch off
Expedite, eks'pc-dit, r. t. To relieve of impediments, to drive out with violence and noise, as by powder;
quicken; to dispatch, issue officially. a. Free 01 — to liring into disrepute, and reject. Explo'siOH^ —
impediment expeditious. ; —
Expe'dient, -dt-ent, a. -zhun, 71. Act of exploding or detonating. (Steam
Hastening forward tending to further a proposed
; eng.) The sudden and violent shattering of a boiler
object; proper under the circumstances advisable ; ; by steam pressure, ^disting. fr. rupture; a violent
profitable ; conducive, or tending to self-interest, manifestation of feeling, attended \)j an outburst in
or selfish ends. 71. —
Suitable means to accomplish language, etc. —
Esplo''sive, -siv, a. Causing ex-
an end ; means employed in an exigency ; shift plosion.
contrivance ; resource ; substitute. Expedi''tioii, — Exploit, eks-ploif, h. A
deed or act; esp. a heroic
-dish'un, 71. Quality of being expedite efficient act; feat. — v. To turn to account; work (a mine,
i.
— Exploita'tion, n. Process of winnino; ores-
;

promptness; haste; quickness; aij important enter- etc.).

prise or attempt at some distance; an excursion for and minerals from their natural position, and ren-
a valuable end; body of persons making such an ex- dering them available.
cur.sion. —Expedi'tious, -dish'us, a. Possessed of, Explore, eks-plor', v. t. [-plored (-plord'), -plok-
or characterized by, expedition ; prompt ready ; ING.] To search through, look into all parts of, ex-
;

quick; alert. amine thoroughly (esp.^'an unknown country).

Expel, eks-peK, v. t. [-felled (-peld''), -pellixg.] To Expoliation. Same as Spoliation.
drive or force out, eject; to drive from one's coun- Exponent, eks-po'nent, «. (Alg.) A number or quan-
try, banish. —Expul'sion, -shun, n. Act of, or state tity on the right of and above another quantity, de-
of being, etc. — Expnl'sive, -siv, a. Having power, noting how often the latter is repeated as a factor to-
or serviiig to, etc. produce the power indicated. One who, or that
Expend, eks-pend', r. t. To apply or employ in any which, stands as an index or representative.
way; to consume by use, dissipate, waste. v. i. To —
Export, eks-porf, v. t. To carry (wares, etc.) from a
be "laid out, used,' or consumed. Expend'ittire, —
country to other communities. Ex^port, "71. Act of —
-chiir, 7(. Act of, etc.; thing expended; expense. exporting; thing exported.
Expense'^, -pens'^, n. Act of expending disburse- Expose, eks-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.}
ment outlay that expended cost charge.
; ; ;Ex- ;
;

—
To place in a position to be seen; to lay forth to-
pen'sive, -siv, a. Occasioning expense; costly; lav- view, as an opinion, etc.; to explain; to deprive of
ish: extravagant. cover or protection, lay open to attack or danger; to
Experience, ekj^-pe'''rT-ens, n. Practical acquaintance deprive of concealment, as a thing that shuns pub-
with any matter by personal observation or trial of licity to divulge wrong practices of. Expose, -po-
;
—
it; repeated trial of a matter; instruction so gained; za'', n. A formal statement, recital, or exposition.
trial; proof; experiment. v. t. —
FEXPEEiEXCEn Expos'er, 71. One who exposes. —
Exposi''tion, —
(-enst), -E.N'CIXG.J To make practical acquaintance -zish'un, 71. Act of exposing or laying open; a pub-
—
with; to have befall one. E:^e''rienced, -rl-enst,p. lic exhibition or show; the act of expounding the
a. Taught bv experience, or repeated observations. sense of an author or passage; interpretation; a work
— Experien'tialism, -shal-izm,n. {Metaj^ih.) Doctrine containing explanations", or the sense put upon a
that all ideas and knowledge are derived from indi- passage by an interpreter.— Expos'itive, -tiv, -itory»
vidual experience, —
opp. to inUdtionalism. Ex- —
-to-ri, a. Serving to explain; illustrative; exegetical.
per'iment, -per't-ment, n. A
trial deliberately in- —
Expos^itor, -ter, 71. One who, etc.; an interpreter.
stituted; practical test; proof. v.i. To —
operate on —
Expos^'ure, -po'zhur, n. Act of exposing; state of
a body in order to discover some unknown fact, or being, etc.; position in regard to points of the com-
illustrate a known one to test by trial.
; Exper'i- —
pass, influences of climate, etc.— Expound', -pownd',
menfal, a. Pert, to, given to, or skilled in, founded, V. t. To explain; clear of obscurity; interpret.
derived from, or affording, experiment; taught by, Ex post facto, eks-post-fak'to. (Law.) Done after
or derived from, experience. —
Expert', 0. Taught the act to which it relates; from, or by, a thing done-
by use, practice, or experience; adroit; skillful. afterward. [L.] Ex post facto law. A law which —
Expert, eks'pert or eks-perf, n. One who is, etc.; deals with acts done before its passage.
esp. a scientific_or professional witness. Expostulate, eks-ptist'u-lat, r. t. To reason earnestly
Expiate, eks'pT-at, v. t. To make satisfaction or rep- with a person on some impropriety of conduct; to
aration for; to atone for. — Expia'tion, n. Act of, remonstrate. Exposfuja'tion, n. Act of, etc. — ;

etc.; satisfaction; means by which atonement for kindly protest. Expost'ulatory, -to-rl, a. Con- —
crimes is made. —
Ex''piator, -ter, ?!. Ex'piatory, —
taining, etc.
-to-rT, a. Having power to, etc. Exposure, Expound. See under Expose.
Expire, eks-pir', v. t. [-piked (-pTrd''), -pirixg.] To Express, eks-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press-
breathe out, emit from the lungs; to emit in minute ing.] To press or squeeze out; to imitate; to repre-
{•articles, exhale. v. i. To emit the breath, esp. the sent and exhibit (an opinion or feeling) by a look,
ast breath; to die; to come to an end, terminate, gesture, or esp. by language; to make known one s.

sQn, cube, full; moon, f d&t ; cow, oil; lisger or igk, tiien, boNbojr, chair, get.
 EXPULSION 136 EXUDE
opinions or feelings, —
used reflexively; to denote,
designate; to send oy express messenger. a. Closely —
appearance, functions, etc.: accidental; irrelevant;
foreign; pert, to foreign nations.
^
resembling; directly stated; made unambiguous ; Exterminate, eks-ter''ml-nat, v. t. To drive from
clear; plain; explicit; dispatched with special speed within the limits or borders of; to put an end to the
or directness. n. A messenger sent on a special power of, eradicate, exth-pate. {Math.) To cause
errand; a quick conveyance for packages, commis- to disappear, eliminate. —
Exter^mina'tion, n. Act
sions, etc. —
Express'ible, a. Capable of being, etc. of, etc.; eradication; excision. {Math.) Elimination.
— Espres'sion, -presh'un, n. Act of expressing, or Extinguish, eks-tin'^gwish, v. i. [-guished (-gwisht),
forcing out by pressure; act of representing; decla- -GLisiii.xG.] To smother, quencn, put an end
ration; utterance; lively or vivid representation of to; to obscure by superior splendor. Extin'- —
sentiment, feeling, etc.; look or appearance, as indic- guisher, n. One who, or that which, etc.;
ative of thought or feeling; mode df speech, phrase. esp., a utensil to extinguish a candle or lamp.
CAhj.) The representation of any quantity by ap- — Extin'guishment, ?*. Act of etc.; suppres-
—
,

propriate characters or signs. Espress'ive, -iv, a. sion; nullification. {Law.) The putting an
Serving to, etc.: indicative; full of expression; sig- end to a right or estate by consolidation or
nificant. —
Espress'ively, adv. Express'lveness, — union. —
Extincf, -tinkt'', a. Extinguished;
«.— Espress'ly, wiv. In an express, direct, or pointed put out; quenched; ended; closed. Ex- —
manner; in direct terms; plainly. tinc'tion, h. Act of, or state of_being, etc.
Expulsion, Expulsive. See under Expel. Extirpate, eks'^ter- or eks-ter'pat, v. t. To
Expunge, eks-punj', r. t. [-puxged (-punid'), -pujj^- pull up by the roots, destroy, eradicate, expel.
GiNG.] To blot out, as with a pen; to strike out, wipe Extol, eks-toK, v. t. [-tolled (-told'), -tollixg.] To
out or destroy, efface, erase, cancel. elevate by iDraise, eulogize, magnify, commend,
Expurgate, eks'per- or eks-per''gat, v. t. To purify laud, glorify.
from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to Extort, eks-torf, v. t. To wrest or wring from, gain
cleanse, purge. bj^ force, exact. v. i. —
To practice extortion. Ex-- —
Exquisite, eks'kwT-zit, a. Carefully selected; of sur- tor'tion, w. Act of, etc. illegal exaction thing ex-
— —
; ;

passing excellence exceeding, extreme, keen,

; torted oppression : rapacity.
; Extor'tionate, -at,
used in a bad sense; of accurate discrimination; not -ary, -er-X, a. Practicing, pert, to, characterized by,
easy to satisfy; nice; delicate; refined; perfect. «. — or implying, etc. —
Estor'tioner, n.
On« over-nice in dress or ornament; a fop, dandy. Extra, eks'tra, a. Over and above; uncommon; ex-
Exserf, -serted, eks-serfed, a. Standing out; pro- traordinary'. n. —
Something in addition to what is
jecting beyond other parts. due or expected a special edition of a newspaper ;
;

Extant, eks'''tant, a. Standing a special train. —

Extraor^dinary, -tr6r'dt-na-rT, a.
out or above the surface; con- Beyond or out of the common order or method ex- ;

tinuing to exist; in being; now ceeding the common degree or ineasure remark- ;

subsisting. '
able uncommon rare employed for an unusual
Extasy. See Ecstasy.
;

or special object. ?!.

;

— ;

That which is, etc. Ex- —

Extempore, eks-tem-'po-re, adv. traor'dinarily, adr. —
Estrav'agant, a. Wanderinjc
"Without previous study or beyond bounds; wild: excessive; unrestrained; pro-
meditation; without prepara- fuse in expenses; prodigal. Extrav'agantly, adv.— —
tion; suddenly. —
a. Without Extrav'agance, -agancy, -gan-sl, n. Act of, or staLe
study; extemi3oraneous. Ex- — of being, etc.; wildness; excess; prodigality: waste;
tem'pora''neouB, -ne-us, -tem''- violence. —
Extra'neous, -ne-us, a. Ixot belonging
p o r a r y -rT, a. Proceeding
, to, or dependent on; not essential; foreign.
from the impulse of the mo- Extract, eks-trakt', v. t. To draw out; to remoTe
ment; called forth by the oc- forciblj' from a fixed position; to withdraw by dis-
casion unpi-emedita'ted off-
; tillation, or other chemical process; to take by selec-
—
;

hand.— Extem^porize, v. i. tion. Ex'tract, n. That which is extracted or

[-EIZED (-rizd), -EIZIXG.] To drawn out; a passage from a book; citation; quota-
speak extempore; esp., to j ox tion; anything drawn'from a substance by heat, so-
make an off-hand address. — Exserted Stamens.
i^
—
i.

lution, distillation, or chemical process. Extrac'-

V.t. To do in a hasty, unnremeditated manner. tion, n. Act of, etc. the stock from which one has
Extem''poriz'er, n. — Extem'poriza''tion,
;

?i. Act of, descended; lineage; birth; descent; thing extracted;

etc. extract; essence.
Extend, eks-tend'', To
prolong, esp. in a single
v. t. Extradite, eks''tra-dit,v. t. To deliver, under a treaty
direction, as a line; to protract; to enlarge, as a of extradition. —
Extradi'tion, -dish''un, w. Deliv-
surface or volume; to expand; to widen, continue, ery, b}' one state to anotner, of fugitives from jus-
as time, lengthen; to hold out or reach forth; to be- tice, in pursuance of a treaty.
stow on; to offer. (Law.) To value, as lands taken Extreme, eks-trem', a. At the utmost point, edge, or
by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt. v. i. — border; outermost; furthest; last; final; conclusive;
To be continued in length or breadth; to reach. — the worst or best; most urgent; greatest; highest.
Exten'sible, -s^le, -sil, «. Capable of being, etc. — {Mus.) Extended or contracted as much as possible.
Exten'sibiKity, ?i. —
Exten-'sion, -shun, n. Act of, — n. The utmost point or verge; extremity; utmost
or state of being, etc. "XPhi/sics Sf Metaph.) That limit or degree that is supposable or toleraTble; great
property of a body by which it occupies a portion necessity. —
Extreme unction. {Rom. Cath. Church).
of space. {Com.) A
written engagement allowing a The anointing of a dying person with oil. Ln the
debtor further time to pay a debt. Exten''sive, -siv, — extreme. As much as possible. In extremis. At the —
a. Having wide extent; expanded; wide. Exten'- — point of death. [L.] —
Extreme'ly, adv. Extrem'- —
sively, adv. —
Exten'siveness, n. Exten'^sor, 7i. — ist, n. A
supporter of extreme doctrines or practice;
(Anut.) A
muscle which extends or straightens anv one who holds extreme opinions. Extrem^ity, —
part of the body, as an arm or a finger. [L.] Ex- — -trem'WT, n. That at -the extreme; the utmost
tent', n. Space or decree to whicli a thing is ex- limit; verge; border; end; utmost point; highest de-
tended; superficies; bulk; size; length. gree of in'convenience, pain, or suffering; greatest
Extenuate, eks-ten''u-at, v. t. To draw out, as the need or peril.
line of an army; to make thin or slender; to lessen; Extricate, eks'trt-kat, v. t. To free from diflficalties
to palliate as a crime; to lower or degrade, as repu- or perplexities; to cause to be emitted or evolved; to
tation or honor, v. i. —
To become thinner, be disentangle, disengage, set free.
drawn out. —
Exten'ua'tion, n. Act of, etc. pallia- ; Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik, -sical, a. Not contained in
tion (of a crime); mitigation (of punishment). or belonging to a body; external; outward; unes-
Exterior, eks-te'rt-er, a. External; pert, to that which sential.
is external; on the outside; extrinsic; pert, to for- Exuberant, egz-u'ber-ant, o. Characterized by abun-
eign nations; foreign. ?i. —
Outward surface or part dance; overflowing; superfluous.— Exu'berance, -an-
of athin»; external deportment, form, or ceremony. cy. -sT, n. State of being, etc. Exu'berantly, adv. —
— Exter'nal, -ter''nal, a. Having relation to space; Exude, egz-ud', v. t. To discharge through pores or
outward; exterior; from, or pert, to, tlie body, its incisions, as moisture, etc. — v. i. To liow from a.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; to, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r ;
 EXULT 137 FACT
body through the pores, or by natural discharge. ball, globe, or apple of the eye. Eye'bright, n. — A
Ezada''tion, n. Act of, etc.; substance exuded. plant formerly used for diseases of the eve. Eye'- —
Exult, egz-ulf, V. i. To leap for joy, rejoice in tri- brow. n. The brow or hairj' arch above "the eve.
umph. — Exulfant, a. Inclined to, etc. — Exulta'- Eye'glasE,«. A glass to as.<i>t the sight: the eye-piece
tion, n. Act of, etc.; triunii)h. ot a telescope, etc. —Eye 'lash, n. The line of hairs
Eye, i, ti. Tlie organ of sight; power of seeing; view; that edges tne eyelid; a single one of the hairs on
opinion; estimate; space commanded by tlie organ the edge of the eyelid. Eye'let, n. small hole — A
of sight; face; front; for a lace or cwrd, as in garments, sails, etc.; a metal
presence ol)serva-
; rinjT or gromniet to fit, etc. [F. oeillet, dim. of ceil.']
tion; watch; notice; — Eye'leteer', -er', n. A sharp-pointed instrument
look; aspect; a thing for making eyelet-holes; a stiletto. Eye'lid, n. —
resembling tlie or- The cover of the eye. Eye'sight, n. Vision; view; —
gan of sight, in form, observation: relative power or capacity of seeing. —
position^ or appear- Eye'-piece, n. {Opt.) The lens, or combination of
ance,— as, the hole in lenses, at the eye-end of an optical instrument. —
a needle; a catch for *«> ^ -serv'ant, n. A
servant who attends to duty only
n hook spot on a
; when watched. serv'ice, n. Service performed
feather, as of a pea- only underthe eye of an employer. sore, n. Some-
cock; bud or sprout
of a plant or root;
\^ }>• ^ "
thing offensive to the sight, —-stone, n.
calcareous stone, used for taking substances from
small, A
center of a target. Eye. between the lid and ball of the eye. tooth, n. ; pi.
{yciut.) Looped part o/j, optic nerve; sc, sclerotic or ex- -TEETH. A
tooth_^whose root is long, and points up
of a rope or stay. temal coat of the eye eft, choroid ; toward the eye ;~'the pointed canine or cuspidate
V. t. [eyed (id^ EY- coat; r, retina z, sonule ef Zinn; ;
tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders. See
position of the Petitian canal
ixu.] To fix the eye }),
sch. position of canal of Sehlemm
Tooth. wa'ter, h. medicated lotion for the A
on, observe, esp. "to i, iris, the opening in the center of
;
eyes. wit'ness. One who sees a thing done.
watch narrowly, or which forms the pupil c, cornea ; ;
Eyne, Tn,ji. Obs. plural of eye.
with fixed attention. m. Meibomian glands ; I, crystal- Eyrie, -ry, a'rT, ?!. Place where birds of prey build
— Eye'baU, n. The line lens. nests and hatch their young.

F.
formed
F, ef, the Gth letter of the English alphabet, is containing the eyes, nose, mouth, etc. visage ; ;

by the passage of breath between the lower lip and countenance; cast of features; look; air; boldness;
upper incisive teeth. Its figure is the same as that shamelessness effrontery presence ;_sight front
: ;

of the Eolic digamma [f], to which it is related in mode of regard. v. <.' —

[faced (fast), facixg.]
;

power. See Uigamma. — (J/j/s.) i^ is the 4tli tone To meet in front, oppose with firmness, stand op-
of the gamut, or model scale. F sharp (F jj) is a posite to, front upon, turn the front toward, con-
tone intermediate between F and G. front; to cover in front. {Mach.) To make flat or
Fa, fa. (3fiis.) A syllable applied to the 4th tone of the smooth the surface of. To adulterate (tea, etc.).— w. i.
gamut or model scale for purposes of solmization. To turn the face.— Fa'cial, -shal, a. Pert, to the face.
Fable, fa'bl, 7i. A fictitious storj' intended to enforce — Facial angle. {Anat.) The angle formed by 2
some useful truth an apologue : plot of an epic or straight lines, one drawn from the middle of the ex-
dramatic poem; fiction falsehood.
;

v. i. ;[fabled — ternal entrance of the ear to the base of the nose, and
(-bid), FABLING.] To feign; to write or speak fic- the other from the prominent center of the forehead
tion. —v.t. To feign, invent, tell of falsely.— Fab'- to the most prominent part of the upper jawbone.
oloas, -lus, a. Feigned; related to fable; not real; Fa'cially, adv. —
Facet, fas'et, Facette, fa-set', n.
fictitious; extravagant; passing belief; enormous. A little face a small surface.
;

Fabric, fab'rik, n. btruc- Facetiae, fa-se'shT-e, n. pi. Witty or humorous writ-

ture of any tiling; work- ings or sayings witticisms. "Face'tious, -shus, a.
;
—
manship"; texture; Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; joc-
make: tiling fabricated, ular ; characterized by pleasantry.
as, framework, edifice, Facile, fas'il, a. Easy to be done, surmounted, or
building, manufactured removed easy ot access courteous; affable easily
: ;

cloth act or purpose of

; persuaded to good or bad pliant; flexible. Facil'- ;
— ;

building construction. itate, r. t. To make easy or less difiicult. Facil'-

—
;

-^ Fab'ricate, -ri-kat, v. ita'tion, n. Act of, etc. Facil'ity, -tt, n. Quality

c. To frame, construct, of being easily performed ease readiness proceed.- ; ;

build to form by art

; ing from skill or use dexterity easiness to be per- ; ;

and labor to forge, de- ; suaded; pliancy; ductility easiness of access; com- ;

vise falsely. Fabrica'- — plaisance what promotes the ease of any action or
;

tion, n. Act of, etc. ; course of conduct assistance. ;

thing fabricated a fic- ; Fact, fakt, n. A

doing, making, or preparing thing ;

tion; figment; falsehood. done event reality truth a thing supposed or

; ;

—
; ;

Facade, fa-sad', n. Face, asserted to be done act deed incident. Fac'-

; ; ;

front of an edifice. tion, -shun, n. A

party acting from selfish motives
Face, fas, n. The exterior against a government or established order of things ;
form of anything esp., combination clique junto. Fac'tionist, n. ()ne —
the front part or surface
; ;

who promotes faction. Fac'tious, -slius, a. Given

;

—
one of the bounding to faction prone to clamor against public measures
;

planes of a solid. {Mach.) or men pert, to, proceeding from, or indicating,

The principal dressed faction. —
;

Fac'tiously, ai/ij. — Fac'tiousness, n. —

surface of a plate, disk, Facti'tious, 'tish'us, o. Made by art, — disting. fr.
or pulley, or flat surface what is produced by nature ; artificial ; unnatural.
of a part. Outside ap-
Facial Angles.
— Fac'tor, -ter, n. {Com.) An agent, esp., who
pearance t surface show; buys and sells goods, and transacts business, for
look; that partof the head European 2, African
;
; others on commission. {Math.) One of the quan-
3, monkey.
of an animal, esp. of man. tities which, when multiplied together, form a prod-

siin, cube, full : moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tJien, boNboK, chair, get.
 FACULTY 138 fALSE
uct. A condition helping to produce some result. as to moral truth.
(Theol.) Loring belief in the
Fac'tory, -rt, n. A place where factors transact Savior belief in the truthfulness and supernatural
;

business lor employers; body of factors in anyplace; - origin of the Scriptures. That which is believed a ;

building used for manufacturing goods; a nianufac- system of religious belief; esp. the system taught by
tory. — Fac-sim'ile, -Y-le, n. ; 2jI. -!les, -lez. An Christ ; also,-the creed of a Christian church ; strict
exact copy or reproduction. Facto'^tam, n. ; pi. — adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises: prom-
-T0MS, -tumz. One employed to do all kinds of ise given.— Faith'ful, -f ul, a. Full of faith disposed ;

work. to believe, esp. in the declarations and promises of

Taculty, Ability to act or perform; esp.,
fak''ul-tt, n. God firm in adherence to promises, engagements,
;

original capacity for mental activity intellectual or duty; loyal; conformable to truth: worthy of be-
endowment power ; privilege or permission li-
;

lief ; trusty; honest; sincere; veracious. Faith'- —

;

cense a body of men to whom any specific priv-

;
;

fully, adv. — Faith'fulness, n. — Faith'less, a. Un-

ilege is granted in Europe, the graduates in any of
; faithful; unbelieving; esp. not believing in God or
the 4 departments of a university or college (Philos- religion not observant of promises, allegiance, or
;

ophy, Law, Medicine, and Theology); the members duty; disappointing; deluding.
of a profession or calling the corps of professors ; Falcate, faKkat, -eated, a. Hooked or bent like a
and tutors in an American college. sickle or scythe. Falchion, —
Fad, fad, n. A
hobby; crotchet; trifling pursuit. fawl'chun or -shun, n. A
Tade, fad, v. i. To perish gradually, wither to lose short sword, with a curved
freshness, color, or brightness to sink away, grow
;

point. —
Falcon, faw'kn,
dim, vanish. —
v. t. To cause to wither, wear away.
;

n. A
raptorial bird hav-
Faery, -is, fa'er-T, a. or n. Same as Fairy. ing a short, hooked beak, Xt
Fag, fag, n. A laborious drudge esp., a school-boy ; powerful claws, and great 4 ''

who does menial services for one of a higher class destructive power; esp., onem
in English schools. v.i. [fagged (fagd), -GiifG.] — of this family trained to the '''''""'
To act as a fag, drudge to become weary, tire. ;
— pursuit of other birds^ or
V. t. To treat as a fag, compel to drudge; to cause to game.
labor diligently, tire by labor. Fall, fawl, V. i. [imp. fell ;

Tagot, fag'ut,?i. A
bundle of sticks, for fuel, or for rais- p. p. FALLEN (f awln) FALL- ;

ing batteries, etc., in fortification a single stick a ; ; ING.] To descend to a lower

bundle of pieces of iron or of steel in bars; one hired position, drop down, make a
to take another's place at the muster of a company. descent by the force of grav-
— V. t. To make a fagot of, bind in a bundle. ity alone to become sud-
;

Fahrenheit, fa-'ren-hit, a. Pert, to, or measured by, Head'and foot of Fal-

a thermometer having the zero of its scale at 32" ^o^^else^rS*!, UrishTa^;:
below the freezing-point of water and the boiling- ish to lose strength
; to be ;

point at 212'^ above. [Inventor's name.] brought forth to decline in power, wealth, value,
;

Faience, Fayence, ft'oNs, m- Glazed earthen ware. etc.; to become degraded, sink into vice, error, or sin;
Fail, fal, v. i. [failed (fald), failixg.] To be want- to become embarrassed, be entrapped; to become de-
ing, fall short, be lacking; to be affected with want; jected; to pass into a new state of body or mind; to
to become diminished, decline, decay to fall off in ; happen, come to pass; to rush or hurry; to pass by
vigor, activity, resources, etc. to become extinct, chance, lot, inheritance, etc. ; to be dropped or ut-
perish, die ; to be wanting with respect to an eif ect,
;

tered carelessly. v. t. —
To sink, depress. n. Act —
a duty to be performed, result to be secured, etc. of descending by gravity, or of dropping or tum-
to miss; to be baffled or frustrated to become un- ; bling; death; overthrow; ruin; degradation; dimi-
able to meet one's engagements, become bankrupt nution of price or value; a sinking of tone; cadence;
•or insolvent. v. t. —
To be wanting to not to be ; declivity; aslope; descent of water; cascade; cata-
sufficient for to disappoint. ;n. Failure defl- — ; ract; discharge of a river into ocean, lake, or pond;
ciency lack want.; FaiKure, -yer, n. Cessation
;
— extent of descent ; season when leaves fall from
of supply, or total defect deficiency omission ; ; ; trees; autumn; that which falls; a falling; act of
non-performance defect from decay bankruptcy felling or cutting down; lapse from innocence or
suspension of payment.
;

Fallacy, fal'la-sl, n. De- — ;

goodness, esp. the apostasy of our first parents.

ceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; mistake; — Fell, V.t. [FELLED (feld), felling.] To cause to
sophistry. {Logic.) An apparent argument, pro- fall,prostrate (trees, etc.) ; to turn or sew down
fessing to decide the matter at issue, but not really the edges of (seams).
doing so. —
Falla''cious, -shus, a. Embodying or Fallacy, Fallible, etc. See under Fail.
pert, to a fallacy fitted to deceive. FaKuble, a. — Fallow, I'aKlo, a. Left unfilled after having been
Liable to mistake, to deceive, or to be deceived.
;

plowed for culture ; pale red or pale yellow. n. —

Fain, fan, a. Well-pleased; disposed; inclined; esp.,. Land that has lain a year or more plowed without
contenj; to accept. adv. With pleasure gladly. — being sowed; the tilling of land, without sowing it
Taint, fant, ?i. The act of fainting a swoon. a. ;
;

— for a season. —v. «. [fallowed (-lod), -lowing.]

Lacking strength; weak; languid; wanting in cour- To plow, harrow, and break up (land), without
age, spirit, or energy timorous dejected lacking ; ; ; seeding. —
FaKlow deer. species of deer, yellow- A
distinctness hardly perceptible, done in a weak or ish in color, smaller than the stag, and domesticated
feeble manner.
;

v. i. To become weak grow— ; in England.

feeble, swoon to lose courage, become depressed
; ; False, fawls, a. Uttering falsehood; given to deceit;
to decay, disappear, vanish. dishonest; not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfid-
Fair, fS,r, a. Free from spots, imperfection, or hin- ious; not true; fitted to deceive or disappoint; not
drance unblemished pure pleasing to the eye
; ; ; ;
genuine or real; designed to deceive; counterfeit;
beautiful; free from a dark hue of a light shade not well founded; erroneous. (J'/««.) Not in tune.
not overcast; cloudless; propitious; unincumbered;
; ;

— adv. Falsely. —
False'ly, adv. In a false man-
open characterized by frankness, honesty, impar- ner ; not truly. —
False'-heart'ad, a. Hollow
;

tiality, candor inspiring hope and confidence ; dis- ; treacherous ; deceitful perfidious. Falss'^hood,;
— ;

tinct legible not distinguished or unusual mod- n. Want of truth or veracity, honesty or integ-
;

erate middling. adv. Fairly. n.

;

—
fair woman. — A
;

rity deceitfulness perfidy ; counterfeit ; impos-

— ;

Fair-'ly, -It, adv. Clearly openly distinctly ; ;

; ;

ture; lie; fiction; fabrication. —Fals'ify, -1-ii,v.t.

honestly pleasantly. — Fair'ness, n. State of be-
;

; [-FIED (-lid), -fying.] To represent falsely, coun-

ing, etc. freedom from stains or impurity hon-
; ; terfeit, forge; to prove to be false, or untrustworthy;
esty; candor; distinctness. to violate, break by falsehood. (Laiv.) To prove
Tair, far, n. A
gathering of buj^ers and sellers, for ex- false, as a judgment. {Equity.) To show, in ac-
hibition and sale of wares. counting, that an item of charge in an account is
Fairy, far'"!, n. An imaginary supernatural being or wrong. —
r. i. To tell lies, violate the truth. Fals''- —
spirit, in human form. — Fay, fa, n. A fairy; elf. ifi'er, n. —
Fals'ifl'able, a. Farsifica''«on, w. Act —
Faith, lath, n. Belief; reliance on testimony; firm and of, etc.; a counterfeiting; confutation. {Equity.)
earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, esp., The showing an item of charge to be wrong. Fals'- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In., ice i Sdd, tone, 5r ;
 FALTER 139 FASCES
Ity, -T-tT, «.Quality of being false; a false asser- fancy or liking for. —
a. Adapted to please the
tion; lie; deceit. —
Falsett*', -et', -^t'to, n. That fancy or taste. —
Fan'cier, -sT-5r, n. One gov-
species of voice in a man whose compass lies above erned by fancy; one who fancies or has a special
his natural voice. interest in; one who keeps for sale. Fan'ciful, -sT- —
Falter, fawKtgr, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To ful, a. Full of, or guided bj', fancy; whimsical;
fail, stumble; esp. to nesitate, stammer; to tremble, afjounding in wild images: fantastical; visionary. —
totter; to fail in distinctness or regularity of exer- Fan'cifully, of/r. — Fan'cifulness, ?i. — Fantas'tic,
cise, —said of the mind or of thought. -tical, a. Produced by the fancj'; unreal; of the
Fame, fam, n. Public report or rumor; renown; no- nature of a phantom; fanciful; imaginative; vision-
torietv; celebrity; credit; honor. v. t. [famed — ary; irregular; wild; capricious. Fantas'^tic, n. —
(famd), F.\MIXG.1 To report; to make famous.— Fa'- One given to fantastic dress or manners; a dandv.—
mous, -mus, n. Celebrated in fame; renowned: dis- Fantes'tically, adv. —
Fantas'^ticalness, -tical'lty,
tinguished in story; remarkable; signal; illustrious. n. —Fan'tasy, -sT, n. Same as Fancy. Fan'tasm, —
Family, fam'I-lT, n. The bodj' of persons living in Fan'tom, n. Same as Phantasm, Phantom.
one house, and under one head: household; a tribe Fane, fan, n. A temple place consecrated to religion. ;

or race; kindred: course of descent; genealogy; lin- Fang, fang, w. A tusk or pointed tooth of a dog or
eage: a group of kindred individuals, more compre- other carnivorous animal, with which prey is seized
hensive than a genus. —
Famil'iar, -yar, a. Pert, to and torn; a venomous tooth, as of a serpent; a long,
a family ; domestic intimate, as a friend or com-
; pointed tooth; a claw or talon; any shoot or other
panion well versed in (a study) unceremonious
; ; thing by which hold is taken. ;

free well known, as a friend well understood, as Far, fiir, a. [farther and farthest are U£ed as
;

a book or science. n. — ;

An intimate close com- compar. and superl. oij.'ar, in imitation of further

;

panion a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend and FURTHEST: the ME. forms yiere ferrer,ftrrest.
—
;
'\

at a call. Familiar'ity, -yar- or -T-ar'T-tT, n. State Distant in any direction remote contrary to de- ; ;

of being familiar; unconstrained intercourse; free- sign or wishes; at enmity with; more distant of the
dom from constraint; fellowship;" affability; inti- two. —adv. To a great extent or distance of space
macy. —
Famil'iarize, i: t. [-iarized (-yar-izd), or of time ; in great part in a great proportion;
;

-iziXG.] To make familiar or intimate; fo habitu- very much; to a certain point, degree, or distance.
ate, accustom; to make easy bv practice or study. — — Far'ther, -ther, a. ISIore remote ; additional ;
Famil'iarly, adv. In a fa'miliar manner; without tending to a greater distance ; longer. adv. At or —
formality; commonlj'; frequently. to a greater distance; bej'ond; moreover. Tax^- —
Famine, fam-'in, n. General scarcity of food; dearth; thest, -thest, a. More di.'^taut or remote ; furthest.
destitution. —
Fam'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ish- — adi\ At or to the greatest distance.
IXG.] To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger; to ex- Farce, fars, re. (Cookery.) Stuffing, like that used in
haust the strength of by hunger; to kill by depriva- dressing a fowl; force-meat. A low style of comedy;
tion of anything necessary; to constrain by famine. ridiculous or empty show. —
Far'cical, -sT-kal, a.
— V. i. To die of hunger, starve; to suffer from Pert, or appropriated to farce; ludicrous; deceptive.
deprivation of anything necessary. Fare, fSr, v. i. [fared (fard), faring.] To go, pass,
Famons. etc. See under Fame. travel; to be in anj' state, good or bad; to be treated
Fan, fan, n. An instrument for producing currents of with bodily or social comforts to happen well or ;

air,by motion of a broad sur- ill.— n. Price of passage by land or water; experi-
face as, an instrument for
: ence food provisions for the table. Farewell'', —
—
; ;

cooUng the person. {Much.) An interi. Go well good-by ; adieu. n. wish of A

—
;

instrument for exciting cur- welfare at parting ; act of departure. o. Parting;

rents of air, in winnowing valedictory.
grain, blowing a fire, ventila- Farina, fa-ri''na or -re'na, n. The flour of corn, or
tion, etc., or for checking rapid any starchy root. (Chem.) Starch or fecula, one of
motion by the resistance of the the proximate principles of vegetables. Far'ina''- —
air; something in the form of a ceong, -shus, a. Consisting or made of meal or flour;
woman's fan, as a peacock\ yielding farina or flour; like or pert, to meal.
tail, a window, etc.; a vane, Farm, fiirm, n. A
tract of land inclosed for cultiva-
used to keep the sails of a tion by a tenant; ground devoted to agriculture; a
smock windmill in the direc- _
Fan- wheel,
landed estate a lease.
; v. t. —
[farmed (f iirmd),
tion of the wind.— v. t. [fanned farming.] To lease or let for an equivalent, as
(fand), -NixG.] To move as with a fan; to cool by land for a rent; to give up to another, as an estate,
moving the air; to ventilate, blow business, revenue, privilege, etc., receiving in return
on ; to winnow. —
Fan^'ner, n. — a percentage ©f what it yields; to take at a certain
Fan'-blow'er, -wheel, n. wheel A rent or rate; to cultivate, as a farm. v. i. To till —
with revolving vanes to impel a cur- —
rent of air. —
light, n. (Arch.)
window shaped uke an open fan.
A
—
the soil, labor as an agriculturist. Farm'er, n. One
who farms, as, a cultivator of leased ground; or, one
who collects taxes, customs, excise, etc., for a cer-
-palm, n. The talipot-tree of the E. tain rate per cent. or, an agriculturist, husbandman.
;

In dies, whose leaves are at first

— — Farm'ing, n. The business of cultivating land.
folded like a fan, but spread open. Faro, ffir'o, n. A game at cards, in which a person
-tail, n. A
kind of bird, esp. a pig- plays against the hank, kept by the proprietor.
eon, having a fan-shaped tail; a form Farrago, far-ra'go, n. A mass composed of materials
of gas-burner. confusedly mixed; a medley.
Fanatic, fa-nat'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, Farrier, far''rT-Er, n. A smith who shoes horses
or indicating, fanaticism; exces-
Fan-palm,
a veterinary surgeon. —
Far'rieiy, -t, ?i. Art
sively enthusiastic, esp. on religious of shoeing horses; treatment of diseases of
subjects. —
Fanafic, n. One affected by excessive horses and cattle.
and unreasoning zeal. —
Fanaficalness, -icism, -I- Farrow, f ar'ro, n. A litter of pigs. — v.t. &. i.
sizm, 71. Excessive zeal ; wild notions of religion ; [farrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To bring forth
superstition; frenzy. (pig's).
Fancy, fan'sT, ?i. The faculty by which the mind Farrow, f ar'^ro,a. Not producing young in a
—
i

forms an image of anything perceived before, power given year, said only of cows.
of combining and modifying such objects into new Farther, Farthest. See under Far.
images, power of creating and recalling such ob- Farthing, f ar'thing, n. The fourth of an Eng.
jects for amusement or emDellishment; an image of penny.
anything formed in the mind; conception; caprice; Farthingale, far'thin-gal, n. hoop petticoat. A
whim; impression; inclination, liking, or the object Fasces, fas'sez, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) An ax
of inclination or liking; that which pleases the taste tied up with a bundle of rods, and borne Fasces.
or caprice witnout much use or value. v. i. [fan- — before magistrates as a badge of authority.
cied (-sid), -OYiNG.] To figure to one's self, imag- Fascine', -sen', n. (Fort.) A bundle of sticks of
ine. — V. t To form a conception of to have a ; wood, used in raising batteries, filling ditohes, etc.

siin, cube, full , moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 FASCINATE 140 FEAST
Fasciaate, fas-'si-nat, v. t. To bewitch, enchant; to sounding line; esp., to sound the depth of, get to the
allure irresistibly or powerfully, enrapture, capti- bottom of._
vate. —
Fascina'tion, ?i. Act of, etc.; unseen, inex- Fatigue, fa-teg', »i. Weariness from exertion; cause
plicable influence; that which fascinates; a charm; of weariness: labor; toil; labors of military_men,
spell. disting. fr. use of arms. v. t. [fatigued (-tegdOi—
Fashion, fasli-'un. n. The make or form of anything; -GUIXG.] To weary with exertion, exhaust the
pattern workmanship prevailing mode or stj'le,
; ;
strength or endurance of, jade, tire.
esp. of dress mode of action; manner; sort; way. Fatten, Fatty, etc. See under Fat.
—
V. t.
;

[FASHIOXED (-und), -oxiXG.] To form, g'ive Fatuous, fat'u-us, a. Feeble in mind; weak; impo-
shape to; to fit, adapt, accommodate. Fash^ion- — tent: illusorv.^-Fatu'ity, -T-tl, M. Imbecility.
able, a. Conforming to the fashion or established Faubourg, fo'boorg, ?*. suburb in French cities.A
mode; established by custom or use; current; pre- Fauces, faw'sez, n: pL The posterior part of the
vailing at a particular time; observant of the cus- mouth, terminated by the pharynx and larynx.
tomary mode genteel well bred. ; n. A person ; — Faucet, faw'set, 7i. A
tube stopped with a peg, spigot,
of fashion. or slide, for drawing liquid from a vessel.
Fast, fast, a. Firmly fixed closely adhering; firm ; Faugh, faw, interj. ifxclam^tion of abhorrence.
against attack, or in adherence; steadfast; faithful; Faulchion. Same as Falchiox'.
not easily disturbed or broken sound moving ; ; Fault, fawlt, ??. Want; absence; lack; default; any-
rapidly swift ; rash and inconsiderate
; extrava- ; thing wanting, or that impairs excellence; a moral
gant dissipated.
; af/v. —
In a firmly established, failing; an offense less serious than a crime ; blun-
also.in a rapid manner. Fasten, fas''n, v. t. [-exed — der vice. {Geol. & Mining.)
; displacement of A
(-nd), -EXIXG.] To fix firmly, make fast, secure; to strata or veins at a fissure, so that they are not con-
hold together, cause to cleave together, cement, at- tinuous. {Hunting.) lost scent. A
v.t. To cause
tach, affix, annex. v. i. —
To fix one's self to a fault or displacement in (strata or veins). —
clinch. —
Fastening, n. Any thing that binds and
;

Fault'y, -T, a. Containing, or guilty of, faults; im-

makes fast, as a lock, catch. Dolt, bar, etc. Fast'- — perfect; blamable. —
Fault'less, a. Without fault;
ness, n. State of being, etc.; fixedness; security; a blameless; spotless; perfect.
fast place stronghold fortress. Faun, fawn, n. {Rom. Myth.) god of shepherds A
—
; ;

Fast, fast, V. i. To abstain from food, go hungry; to and^elds, half goat and half man. Fau'na, -na, —
practice abstinence as a religious duty. n. Ab- — n. {Zo'dl.) The animals of any given area or epoch.
stinence from food, esp., as a religious mortification Fauteuil, fo-teK, n. An arm-chair, usually orna-
or humiliation; a time of fasting. mented; a seat in the French Academj'.
Fastidious, fas-tid'T-us, a. Difficult to please; deli- Favor, fa'ver, n. Kind regard; propitious aspect; act
cate to a fault; squeamish. of countenancing, or condition of being counte-
Fat, fat, a. Abounding with fat, as, fleshy, plump, nanced; support; a kind act or office: an act of
corpulent, oily, greasy, unctuous, rich; exhibiting grace; mildness; lenity; object of kind regard; a
the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavj^; gross; gift, token of love; something worn as a token of
dull; stupid; yielding a rich supplj^; productive. affection; a letter, so called —
compliment. r. t. m —
n. An oily, concrete substance, deposited in ani- [favored (-verd), favorixg.] To regard with kind-
mal bodies'; the richest productions; best part. v. — ness, aid, befriend; to afford advantages for success
t. To make fat, fatten. — r. i. To grow fat, plump, to, facilitate. —
Fa'vorable, a. Manifesting or in-
and fleshy. — Faften, -tn, r. t. [-texed (-tnd), dicating partiality; propitious; tending to promote
-TEXixG.] To make fat, fill full; to make fertile and or facilitate advantageous. ; Fa'vorite, -it, n. — A
fruitful, enrich. — v. t. To grow fat. — Fat'^ner, person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one
-tener, n. One who or that Fat'ty, which, etc. — treated with partiality. a. Regarded with, etc. —
-tT, a. Containing or like fat; greasy. Favus, fa^'vus, n. {Pathol.) disease of the^ scalp A
Fat, fat, n. A
large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. caused by a parasitic fungus. Favose'', -vos', a. —
Fate, fat, n. A
decree pronounced by God; inevit- {Bot.) Honey-combed; like
. able necessity: appointed lot; esp., final lot, death, the section of a honey- ^ '
^fc_
destruction ;'destin J'; doom; chance, pi. {Myth.) comb having pitj,depres- ^ ' ^a, "'/V'
Three goddesses (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos)
;

sions, or cells. /^-^^^ ^^ —^ '-^

Fawn, fawn, n. A young fal-
'
supposed to determine the course of human life.
'

Fa'^tal, a. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate;

necessary; inevitable; causing death or destruction;
low deer; a buck'or doe of
the first year. •
A ^»
z-

/'
^^a--
' '=5^ ^ ?

destructive; calamitous. Fa'' tally, adv. Fa'tal- — — Fawn, fawn, v. i. [fawxed L/ ^^s=^
ism, -izm, n. The doctrine of fate, or inevitable ne- ( f a wnd) ,FAWX'iXG.] To
cessity. — Fa'talist, n. One who maintains that all court favor by cringing,
things happen by inevitable necessity. — Fatal'ity, court servilely, flatter
-T-tt, n. State of being fatal, or proceeding from meanly.
destiny; invincible necessity state of being pro- ; Fay. See Fairy.
ductive of death; tendency to destruction or danger; Fay, fa, v. t. and i. [fayed (fad), fayixg.] To fit,
mortality. suit, unite closely with.
Father, fa'thSr, n. Male parent; a remote male an- Fealty, fc^al-tl, n. Fidelity to one's lord, to a supe-
cestor; progenitor; esp., a first' ancestor; one vener- rior power, or to a government; homage; loyalty.
ated for age, kindness, wisdom, etc.; a senator of Fear, fer, n. A
painful emotion excited by expecta-
ancient Rome a dignitary of the Rom. Cath.
; tion of evil or apprehension of danger; solicitude;
church, superior of a convent, confessor, priest, etc.; alarm; dread; terror. {Script.) Reverence for the
a dii'-nitary or elder clergyman in the Protestant Supreme Being, or for men' of authority or worth.
churth; one of the chiet^ ecclesiastical authorities That which causes apprehension or alarm. r. t. —
of the first centuries after Christ; a producer, au- [feared (ferd), fearixg.] To feel a painful appre-
thor, or contriver the first of a series a distin- hension of, be afraid of, dread; to have a reveren-
—
; ;

guished example or teacher the Supreme Being; tial awe of, venerate. r. i. To be in apprehension
m —
;

theology, the first person in the Trinity. v. t. of evil, be afraid. —

Fear'ful, -ful, a. Full of fear-:
[FATHERED (-therd), -THERIXG.] To make one's self afraid easily frightened indicating, or caused by
; :

the father of, beget to take as one's own child,

; fear; inspiring fear; horrible; shocking; awful.
adopt, acknowledge one's self author of.— Fa'ther- Fear'less, a. Free from fear; bold; daring; heroic.
hood, n. State of being a father; paternity. Fa''- — Feasible, fe'zt-bl, a. Capable of being effected; prac-
therly, -iT, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; paternal; ten- ticable. —
Fea'sibleness, -siblKlty, -tt, n.
der protecting. —
Fa'therliness, n. Qualities of, Feast, fest, ?i. A
festival; holiday; a solemn or joyous
—
;

etc. Fa'therless. a. Destitute of, etc.: without a anniversary; a festive meal; "banquet sometliing ;

known author.— Fa'ther-in-law, n. Father of one's delicious or highly agreeable. v. i. To eat sump- —
husband or wife. tuously; to be highly delighted. v. t. To entertain —
Fathom, fatii'mn, n. measure of length 6 feet;A = with sumptuous provisions; to delight, gratify lux-
space to which a man can extend his arms. v. t. — uriously. —
Fes'tal, -tive, -tiv. a. Pert, to a holi-
[fathomed (-umd), -omixg.] To measure bj' a day or feast; joyous; gay. Fes''tival, -tl-val, a. —
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fS,re ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — — ; ;

FEAT 141 FELON

P"e:>tal. — «. A
time of feasting or celebration; a supply with nourishment, fill the wants of, satisfy;
anniversary.
civil or religious Festiy'ity, -tT, n.— to graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding; to give
Condition of being festive; a festive celebration; for food, furnish for consumption. (j/«(7(.) To
festival. Fete, fat, »). A
festival; holiday. v. t. — supply with materials, as a printing press with
To feast; to honor with an entertainment. paper; to subject to operation, as the work, or the
Feat, f^t, 7i. An
act; deed; exploit: a striking act of tool, in machines. — f. J. To take food, eat; to sub-
strength, skill, or cunning; a trick. Feafly, a;/t'. — sist bj- eating, prey; to pasture, graze. n. That —
Neatfy; dexterously; adroitly. —
Feat'ure, fe'chur, which is eaten by beasts; jjrovender; fodder: a pas-
w. Make, form, or appeal ance of a person; esp. ture ground; allowance given to a horse, cow, etc.;
food appearance; cast or iippearance of the human water supplied to steam-boilers. {Mach.) The parts
ace, esp. of any single part of the face; a lineament; that jnove the work to the cutting-tool, or the tool
structure of anytliing; marked peculiarity. to the work. —
Feed'er, 7i. One who gives food; one
Isather, fetli''er, n. One of the growths,' generally who, or that which feeds a machine: one who fur-
formed each of a central quill and a vane on each nishes incentives, eats or subsi.sts, or fattens cattle
side of it, which cover a bird; a jdume; pen. v. t. — for slaughter; a fountain or channel that supplies
[FK.\TiiEi!ED (-erd). -EUiNi;.] To
dress in feathers; a main canal with water: a branch railroad w'jiich
to furnish (an arrow, c;ip, etc.) with feathers ; to increases the business of the main line. {Mining.)
adorn, deck; to tread, as a euck. x'.i. —
To become A sirle branch of a vein that passes into a lode.
feathered or hori/.nntal; to curdle when poured into Feel, fel, r. t. [felt, feelixg.] To perceive by the
another liquid, and ttoat in feather-like flakes. touch, examine by touching; make trial of, "test;
Featly, Featitre. See under Feat. to perceive within one's self, experience, be affected
Febrile, fe'bril or feb'ril. o. Pert, to, indicating, or by to have an inward».persuasion of.
: v. i. To —
derived from fever.— Feb'rifa'cient. -shent, Febrif- have perception by the touch or nerves of sensa-
ic, a. Producing fever. —
Feb'rifuge, -rt-fuj, n. tion; to have the sensibilities moved; to perceive
(J/ec/.) A
medicine serving to remove fever. a. — one's self to be, —
followed by an adjective descri-
Having the qualitv of subduing fever; anti-febrile. bing the state, etc. to know with feeling, know ;

February, feb'roo-a-rl. Tlie 2d month in the j'ear, certainly; to appear to the touch, give a perception.
-containing, in common j'ears, 28 days, in bissex- — 11. Feeling; sensation communicated by touching.

tile or leap year,_29 days. — Feel'er, ». One who, or that which, feels. (Nat.
Feces, Faeces, fe'sez, n. pi. Excrement; ordure; .also Hist.) One of the organs with which certain ani-
dregs, settlings, sediment. —
Fe'cal, «. Pert, to, or mals try objects by the touch; a palp. proposal, A
containing, etc. —
Fec'tila. -u-la, n. Any pulveru- observation, etc., to ascertai^i the views of others. —
lent matter obtained from plants by simply break- FeeKing, p. a. Possessing, or expressive of, great
ing down the texture, washing with water, and sub- sensibility sensitive.
; n. The sense sense of — ;

sidence ; esp. nutritious part of wJieat starch or touch; an act or state of perception by touch; con-
—
;

farina green matter of plants.

; Fec'Ttlent, o. Foul sciousness: capacity of the soul for emotional states;
with extraneous or impure substances dreggj- state or condition of emotion an}" mental state ;
—
; ;

turbid. sentiment agitation

; opinion. FeeKingly, adv.
;

Fecund, fek'- or fe-'kund, a. Fruitful in children; In a feeling manner affectingly. ;

prolific. —
Fec'^undate, v. t. To make fruitful or Feet. See Foot.
prolific to impregnate.
;
—
Fectm'dity, -dl-tl, n. Feign, Ian, v. t. [feigned (fand), feigning.] To
Quality or power of producing fruit or youn^ imagine to assert by a fiction, pretend to make a
—
; ; ;

power of germinating, as in seeds; fertility; rich- enow of, counterfeit. Feint, f ant, n. That w^hich
ness of invention. is feigned: a pretense; a seeming aim at one part
Fed. See Feed. when another is to be struck. v. i. To make a —
Federal, fed'er-al, a. Pert, to a league, contract, or mock attack.
treaty; composed of states retaining only a subordi- Feldspar, lekKspiir, FeKspar, n. C3Iin.) crystal- A
nate sovereignty. —
Fed'eral, -alist, n. An advocate line mineral, vitreou.'i in Luster, and breaking in two
of confederation: ei<p. {Ainer. Hist.), a. friend of the directions it consists of silica, alumina, and potash.
:

Constitution of the U. S. at its foimation and adop- Felicity, fe-lis'l-tT, n. State of being happy; blessed-
tion. —Fed'eralism, -izm, w. The principles of ness; that which promotes happiness ; a gratifying
Federalists. —
Fed'erate, a. United by compact, as event; bliss; beatitude.— Felic'itous, -tus, a. Hap-
states or nations; leagued: confederate. Federa'- — py: skillful well ajiplied or expressed; appropri-
— —
;

tion, n. Act of uniting in a league; a league, con- ate. Felic'itously, «</(.•. Felic'itate, -tat, v. t.
federacy. —
Fed'erative, -tiv, a. Uniting; joining in To make happj', delight: to express pleasure to, con-
a league. gratulate. —
Felic'ita''tion, n. Congratulation.
Pee, fe, n. Property; possession; reward for services, Feline, fe'lTii, n. Pert, to the cat.
esp. payment for professional services charge. ; Fell. See under Fall.
(I-euU. 'Law.) A
right to the use of a superior's Fell, fel, a. Cruel; inhuman; fierce: ravenous, bloody.
land, as a stipend for services to be performed: land Fell, fel, n. A
skin or hide of a beast.
so held; a fief. (En;/. Law.) An estate of inherit- Fell, fel, n. hill A
range of hills mountain-side ;
; ;

ance suppo.sed to he held either mediately or imme- low, marshy, wild land.
diately from the sovereign. (Ainer. Law.) An es- Felloe. Same as Felly.
tate of inheritance belonging to the owner, without Fellow, fcKlo, n. One who follows an adherent ;

crmdition attached to the tenure. f. t. [feed — companion ; a man without good breed-
associate ;

(fed), feeing.] To reward for services, recompense, ing or worth an equal in power, ranli, character,
;

hire, bribe. —Fee'-farm, 7i. (Laiv.) Land held of etc. one of a pair a mate a person individual
; ; ; ; ;

another in fee, at an annual farm or rent; estate in one of the associates in an English college, admitted
fee-simple, subject to a jierpetual rent. sim'ple,
n. An absoljite fee; fee without conditions <ir lim-
— to share in its revenues a niember of a literary or
scientific society or corporation one of the trustees
:

—
;

its. —Fief, fef, n. An estate held on condition of of a college. FeKlowship, n. State or relation of
military service; fee; feud.— Feoff, fef, n. fief. A being a fellow or associate familiar intercourse a ; ;

V. t. [feoffed (fett), -Fi.vG.] To invest with a fee state of being together; partnership; an association;
or feud; to enfeoif —
Feud, Feed, fud, n. stipen- A company. {En[/. Universities.) A foundation for
.

diary estate in land, held by service; fief fee. ;

— the maintenance of a resident scholar. (Arit/i.)
Feud'al, Feod'al, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or Rule for dividing profit and loss among partners.
founded on, etc. —
FeudaKity, -tt, n. State or Felly, leKlT, FeKloe, -lo, n. A curved segment of the
quality of being feudal feudal form or constitu-
; rim of a wheel, between the spokes and tire.
tion.— Teud''ary, -atary, -atory, -rY, a. Held by feu- Felon, feKon, n. {Laiv.) One who has committed
dal tenure. —
Feu'daliza'tion, n. Act of reducing felony. One guilty or capable of heinous crime crim-
— Feud'alism, -izni, n.
;

to, etc. The feudal system. inal malefactor. {Med.) A whitlows paronychia;
;

Feeble, fe'bl, a. [feeblek, -blest.] Deficient in inflammation of a finger or toe. a. Malignant; —

strength; wanting force or efficiency in action or fierce; traitorous; disloyal. — FeKony, -nT, n. (Eng.
expression; infirm; languid; imbecile; faint. Law.) An
offense which occasions forfeiture of
Feci, fed, v. t. [fed, feeding.] To give food to. lands or goods at the common law, and to which

sBn, cube, full ; moon, fcfet ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tlien. boNboN, chair, get.
 FELSPAR 142 FIANCE
capital or other punishment may be added. A hei- Ferret, fiJr'ret, «. An animal of the weasel kind. v. t. I
—
nous crime esp. one punishable by death or impris- [ferueted, -etixg.J To drive or hunt out of a
—
;

onment. Felo'nious, -nl-us, a. Having the qual- hiding place to search carefully.
ity of felonj' malicious villainous perfidious.
; Ferret, fgr^ret, n. A kind of narrow tape.
; ;
— ;

Fe'lo-de-se', n. A self-murderer ; a suicide. Ferret, fer'ret, n. (Glass Mnnuf.) The iron used to
Felspar. See Feldspar. try melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to
Felt. See Feel. make the rings at the mouths of bottles.
Felt, felt, n. Cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and fur, Ferrule, fer'ril or fer'rool, n. ring of metal round A
not woven, but wrought into a compact-substance the end of a cane, handle, etc., to prevent splitting.
bv rubbing or beating a hat made of wool. v. t.
— — Ferry, fer^rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -uving.] To trans-
—
;

T'o make into,-or cover with, f elt. Felfing, n. port over a river or other water, in a boat. v. i. To
Material of which felt is made; felt-cloth. pass over water in a boat. n. —
vessel in which A
Felucca, fe-luk^ka, n. {Xnut.) vessel, with oars A passengers and good's are conve3-ed over water a ;

and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. wherry; place where persons or "things are carried
Female, fe^'mal, n. One of the sex that bears young. across water, in ferry-boats right of carrying per- ;

{Bot.} A
plant which bears the pistil, is impreg- sons, animals, or goods across water, for hire.
nated by pollen of male flowers, and produces fruit. Fertile, fer-'til, a. Producing fruit in abundance; pro-
— a. Pert, to the sex which conceives and gives lific; productive rich. (Bot.) Capable of produ-
;

birth, or to an individual of the female sex char- : cing fruit. —

Fer'tilenesB, -til'ity, n. State of be-
acteristic of the sex; feminine. {Bot.) Having ing, etc. —
Fer'tilize, -llz, r. t. [-lized (-lizd), -li-
pistils and no stamens pistillate. — Fem'inine, -\- ziNG.] To make fertile, fruitful, or productive to
—
; ;

nin, a. Pert, to woman; womanish; womanly; hav- enrich. Fer'tiliza'tion, n. Act or process of, etc.
ing the qualities of a female; modest, graceful, affec- Ferule, f er'^ril or fer^'rool, n. flat piece of wood, for A
tionate, confiding lacking manly force or vigor, ef-
; —
punishing children. v. t. [feruled (-rild or -rtild),
feminate. (Gram.) Having a form belonging esp. -ULIXG.] To punish with a ferule.
to words which are epithets of females. Feminin''- — Fervent, ler'^vent, a. Hot; boiling; warm in feeling;
ity, -tt, n. Quality or nature of, etc. ardent in temperament earnest vehement ani- ;

— —
; ;

Femoral, fem''o-ral,"«. Pert, to the thi^h. mated. Fer'vently, a'lv. Fer'^vency, -sT, n. State
Fen, fen, 7i. Boggy land moor marsh. : ; of being, etc. —
Fer'vid, a. Verj' hot: burning; boil-
Fence, fens, ?i. That which fends off attack or dan- ing; ardent; vehement; zealous. Fer'vor, -ver, m.
ger a wall, hedge, or other inclosing structure
; Heat excessive warmth ; intensity of feeling or ex-
:

about a field, etc., esp. a wooden barrier; self-defense pression: zeal.

bj' the use of the sword : fencing. — v.t. [fenced Festal, Festival, Festive, etc. See under Feast.
(fenst), FEXCixo.j To fend off danger from, pro- Fester, fes'ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -terixg.] To
tect, guard to inclose with a fence or other protec-
; grow virulent, corrupt, rankle, suppurate; to become
tion. — V. i. To make a fence, give security ; to de- malignant and invincible, said of passions. —v. t. —
fend one's self by the sword. Fen^'cible, -sT-bl, a. — A To nurse, as something that rankles. n. sore
Capable of being defended, or of making or afford- which rankles and discnarges corrupt matter; a pus-
ing defense. n. —
(Mil.) A soldier enlisted for the tule; a festering or rankling.
defense of the country, and not liable to be sent Festoon, fes-toon', n. A gailand, wreath, etc., hang^
abroad. —
Fen'cing, n. Art of self-defense with the ing in a curve. v. t. [festooxed —
sword materials for making fences a system of
; (-toond''), -TOoxix'G.] To form in, or ;
,

fences. adorn with, festoons.

Fend, fend, v. t. To keep off, shut out. v. i. To Fetal. See under Fetus. —
act in opposition, resist, parry. Fend'er, n. One — Fetch, fech, i: t. [fetched (fecht),
who, or that which, etc. ; esp". a metallic frame to FETCHIXG.] Togo and bring; to get;
hinder coals of fire from rolling to the floor; a buffer to bring, —
as, to obtain as price or T7'„ef ^^t,
-cestoon.
to prevent a A-essel from striking against a wharf or equivalent, sell for; or, to recall
another vessel. from a swoon; reduce, throw; to bring to ac,
or, to
Fenian, fc'n'r-an, n. A member of an organization complishment, make, do; to reach, arrive at, attain.
for the overthrow of English rule in Ireland. — I', i. To bring one's self, move, arrive. n. A, —
Fennel, fen-'nel, n. A
plant of various species, culti- stratagem trick ; artifice apparition of a living
; ;

vated for its carminative seeds, or as a salad plant. person.

Feed, Feoff, etc. See under Fee. Fete. See under Feast.
Ferment, fer'ment, n. That which causes fermenta- Fetid, fet'^id, a. Having an
offensive smell; stinking.
tion heat tumult.
; ; —
Fermenf. r. t. To cause fer- — Fe-'tor, -t6r, n. A strong, offensive smell;
stench.
ment or fermentation in. v. i. To undergo fermen- — Fetlock, fet'lok, n. The part of the leg where the
tation, work, effervesce to be active or excited.^ ; tuft of hair grows behind a horse's pastern joint.
Fermenta'tion, n. That effervescent change of or- See Horse.
ganic substances by which their starch, sugar, glu- Fetter, fefter, n. A
chain for the feet; anything that
ten, etc., under the "influence of moisture, air, and confines a restraint.
; r. t. —
[fettered (-terd),
warmth, are decomposed and their elements recom- -terixg.] To put fetters on, shackle, bind; to im-
bined in new compounds ; active state of the intel- pose restraints on, confine.
lect or feelings. Fetus, fe'tus, n. ; pi. Fetuses, -ez. The growing em-
Fern, fern, n. (Bot.) order of cryptogamousAn bryo of a viviparous animal, esp. an tinhorn child.
plants, ha'i'ing their fructification on — Fe'tal, a. Pert, to, etc.
the back of the fronds or leaves. Feud, fud, n. A
combination of kindred to revenge
Ferocious, fe-rc'shus, a. Indicating injuries to any of their blood, on the offender and
cruelty; ravenous; fierce; savage; bar- all his race an inveterate strife between families,
:

barous. —
Fero'ciousness, Feroc'ity, clans, or parties in a state ; deadly hatred contest.
-ros''I-tT,_ 11. State of being, etc. — Feud. Feudal, Feudalism, etc. See under Fee.
;

Fierce, fers, a. Furious violent im- ; ; Feuilleton, fe'ye-tawx, n. A part of a French news-
petuous, as beasts, storms, etc. exces- ; paper, devoted to light literature, criticism, etc.
sively eager or ardent vehement in ; Fever, fe'^ver, n. (Jled.) A diseased state of the sys-
cruelty; fell. tem, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the
Ferreous, fGr''re-us, o. Partaking of, pulse, and a derangement of the functions. Strong
made of, pert, to, or like, iron. Fer''- Fern. — excitement of any kind a season of excitement. ;

rate, -rat, n. (Chem.) A salt consisting of ferric — Fe'verish, a. Affected b\'; pert, to, indicating, or
acid in combination with a base. Fer''ric, a. Pert, — like, fever.
to, or extracted from, iron. Fer'rous, -rus, a. — Few, fu, a. Not many; small, limited, or confined in
Pert, to, or derived from, etc.,— said of compounds number, — indicating a small portion of units con-
containing le^s iron than ferric compounds. Fer- stituting a whole.
ru'^ginous, -roo'jX-nus, a. Partaking of, or contain- Fez. fez, n. A
red, brimless cap, worn by Turks, etc.
ing particles of, iron ; resembling ir»n-rust in ap- Fiacre, fe-a'kr, n. A
French hacknej'-coach.
pearanoe or color. Fiance, ?i. m. ; -ce'e, fe-ax'sa, n. f. One betrothed.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, or
 FIASCO 143 FILE
Fiasco, fe-as'ko, n. (JIus.) A failure in a musical in the field. — -officer, n. (Mil.) A military oflicer
performance. A
failure of any kind. above the rank of captain, and below that 'of gen-
Fiat, fi'at, ». A command to do sometliing. eral, as a maior, lieutenant-colonel, or colonel. —
Fib, lib, n. A lie or falsehood. — v. i. [fibbed (fibd), -piece, H. (J/il.) A field-gun. sport, ti. Diver-
-BiXG.] To lie, speak falsely. sion in the field, as shooting and hunting. work,
Fiber, -bre, fibber, n. One of the delicate, thread-like n. (Mil.) A temporary work
thrown up by troops
portions of wliich tissues of plants and animals are in the field. Work done
out of doors, as, (Surv.)
partly constituted; any fine thread, or thread-like work with the chain and compass, etc., disting. fr.
substance; esp., one of the rootlet.s of a plant. See calculations (Bot.), collection of specimens for
;

Root.— Fi'brous, -brus, a. Having, or consisting of, analysis; (Geol.), excursions for study, etc. FieW- —
fibers. —Fi'bril, n. A small fiber; branch of a fiber. fare, -far, /«. A bird of the thrush kind.
— Fibrillose, fi-briK- or fib'ril-los, a. Composed of Fiend, lend, n. An implacable or malicious foe; the
fibrils. — Fibril'lous, -lus, a. Pert, to, or formed of devil; an infernal being. —
Fiend' ish, a. Like a
small fibers, as the cap of a mushroom. — Fi'brine, fiend malignant.
; —
Fiend'ishly. adv.
-brin, n. (Cheni.) A peculiar organic compound Fierce, etc. See under FiiiiocioLs.
found in animals and vegetables, and also contained Fieri-facias, fi'e-ri-fa''shT-as, »i. (Law.) judicial A
in tlie clot of coagulated blood. writ, commtinding tlie sheriff to collect from the
Fibula, fib'u-la, n. ; pi. -l.e, -le. A clasp or buckle. goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the
iAnat.) The outer and smaller bone of the leg. sum recovered in debt or damages.
(Surg.) Ajieedle to sew up wounds. Fiery, etc. See under Fike.
Fichu, ie-shoo'', n. A cape, usually of lace, worn by Fife, fif, n. (J/its.) A pipe used as a wind-instru-
ladies over neck, bosom, and shoulders. ment. — V. i. [FIFED FIFING.] To play on a
(lift),
Fickle, fik'l, a. Liable to change or vicissitude; of fife. ^
changeable mind wavering irresolute; unstable;
; ; Fifteen, Fifth, Fifty, etc. See under Five.
mutaole; capricious. Fig, fig, n. (Bot.) A
fruit tree growing in warm
Fictile, fik'til, a. Molded into form bj'art.— Fic'tion, climates; its fruit,
-shun, n. Act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; eaten fresh or dried. A
thing invented or imagined, esp. a feigned story worthless thing, in con- —
fabrication falsehood.
; —
Ficti'tious, -tish''us, a.
;

tempt. (Far.) ex- An

Feigned counterfeit false.
; Fig'inent, n. An in-
; — crescence on the frog of a
vention; fiction. horse's foot, resulting
Fid, fid, n. (Naut.) A bar of wood or iron, to support from a bruise.
the topmast. A
bar or pin, to support or steady Fight, fit, V. i. [FOUGHT
anything; a tapering pin, to open the strands of a (fawt), FIGHTING.] To
rope in splicing. strive or contend for vic-
Fiddle, fid^dl, n. (Mas.) A
stringed instrument of tory, contend in arms; to
music violin kit. (Bot.) A perennial plant, a
; act in opposition, make
—
;

species of dock. u. t. —
[itddled (-did), -dlfng.] resistance. v.t. To
To play on a violin; to shift the hands often, like a carry on, or wage (a con-
player on a fiddle, and do nothing; to tweedle, trifle. flict or battle); to contend
— Fid'dler, n. A player on, etc.; a kind of small with, war against; to
crab. — Fid'dle-stick, n. The bow for playing on, cause to fight, manage or
etc. —Fid'dle-dee-dee', interj. An excfamatory maneuver in a fight. — n.
phrase, equivalent to Nonsense! Fid^dle-fad^dle, — A battle, engagement,
n. A trifle; trifling or fussy talk; nonsense. struggle for victory com- ; _. _ . j, -^
Fidelity, ft-deKT-tl, n. Faithfulness adherence to ; bat; action; conflict. Fig, Leaf and -r.
Fruit.
right; esp., adherence to a person or party to which Figment. See under Fictile.
one is bound; loyalty; adherence to one's promise; Figure, fig^ur, n. Form of any thing; shape; outline;
veracity; honesty; adherence to the marriage con- structure; appearance; representation of any form
tract; integrity; faith; fealtj-. by drawing, painting, etc.; an image; a pattern cop*-
Fidget, fij'et, v. i. To move uneasily one way and ied in clotli, paper, etc.; appearance or impression
the other. — n. Irregular motion; uneasiness; one made by one's conduct; a character standing for, or
who fidgets. — Fid'gety, -T, a. Restless. representing, a number; a numeral; digit, as 1, 2, 3,
Fiducial, ft-du'shal, a. Having faith or trust; con- etc.; value, as expressed in numbers; price; a tj'pe
fident; undonbting; of the nature of a trust; fidu- or representative. (Rhet.) Pictorial language"; a
ciary. —
Fidu''ciary, -sht-a-rt, a. Confident un- ; trope; deviation from rules of grammar. (Logic.)
donbting ; fimi holding, held, or founded, in trust.
; The form of a syllogism with respect to the position
— n. One who holds a thing in trust for another; a of the middle term. v. t. —
fFiGURED (-urd), -UR-
trustee. {Theol.) One who depends for salvation on ING.] To make an image of, by drawing or model-
faith, without works. ing; to embellish with designs, mark upon; to indi-
Fie. fi, interj. An
exclamation denoting contempt. cate by numerals; to calculate; to state by a meta-
Fief. See under Fee. phor, signify or symbolize; to image in the mind.
Field, feld, n. Felled ground ; cleared land ; place (Mtis.) To write (figures or other characters) over
where a battle is fought; battle; an open space; or under the bass, indicating the accompanying
wide extent an expanse. {Her.) The surface of
; chords; to embellish. v.i. To make a figure, be
the shield; any blank space or ground on which distinguished. —
Fig'ure-head, n. (Xaut.) The
figures are drawn. A collective term for all the figure or bust projecting from the bow of a ship.
riders in a hunting field, fielders in cricket, or com- See Ship. A person nominally at the head of an as-
petitors in any contest. —
v.i. In games of ball, to sociation or enterprize, but lacking ability or au-
stand out in the field, to catch balls. Field'er, — thority to control affairs. —
Figura'tion, ?i. Act of
n. A plaj'er in cricket or base-ball who catches giving determinate form. (3his.) Mixture of con-
balls struck by the batsman. FieW-book, n. A — cords and discords. —
Fig'urative, -tiv, a. Repre-
book for entries of measurements taken in the field, senting by a figure, or by resemblance; typical; rep-
in surveying or civil engineering. coFors, n. pi. resentative; used in a tropical sense, as a metaphor;
(Mil.) Small flags with 'which the quartermaster- not literal; abounding in figures of speech; flowery;
feneral marks out ground for the squadrons and florid.— Fig'uratively, adv.
A
attalions. day. (Mil.) day when troops are
practiced in field exercises and evolutions.
«. A
small, powerful telescope or binocle.
glass,
gun,
— Filaceous, FUament, etc. See under File.
Filbert, fiKbert, n. (Bot.) The nut or fruit of the
cultivated hazel.
n. (Mil.) A
small cannon, used on the battle-field; Filch, filch, V. t. [FILCHED (filcht), filching.] To
field-piece. hand, An
agricultural laborer.
n. steal or take privily, —
said of petty thefts; to pilfer.
-mar'shal, n. (Mil.) The commander of an army; File, fil, n. An
orderly succession; a line, row; as,
a military oflicer of high rank in Germany; the (Mil.) a row of soldiers ranged behind one another;

tain-general. —
highest military officer in England except the cap-
notes, 71. pi. (Surv.) Notes made
a collection of papers, arranged for preservation and
reference; wire or other contrivance by which papers

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FILE 144 FIRE
are kept in order; flne wire thread of gold or silver; fe-na''la, n. (J/«,«.) The end of a piece of musici
tinsel-covered silk. —v. t. [filed (Hid), filing.] last note; close. [It.] Fin'- —
To set in order, place on tile, insert in its proper ial, -t-al, n. The knot, or
place among arranged papers; to bring before a bunch of foliage, termina-
court or legislative body by presenting papers in a ting pinnacles in Gothic
regular way. (Law.') To'put upon the tiles or among architecture the pinnacle
;

the records of a court. —v. i. (Mil.) To march (sol- itself.— Fin''ish, v. t. [-ished
diers) in a tile or line, one after another. Fila'- — (-isht), -ISHIJJG.] To brin;-
ceous, -slms, a. Composed or consisting of threads. to an end, put an end to.
— Fi''lose, -los, a. Ending in a thread-like process. terminate; to bestow the ut-
— Fil'ajneiit, n. A
thread, or thread-like appendage; most labor upon, complete,
esp. (Hot.), the thread-like part of the stamens sup- perfect. —
n. That whicli
porting the anther: see Antmer. —
FiKigree, n. Net- finishes or perfects; esp. tlie
work containing beads; ornamental work, executed last hard, smooth c o a t of Finials.
in fine gold or silver wire. «. —
Pert, to or made of, plaster on a wall. —
Fi'nite.
etc. — Fil'let, n. A
little band or twist, esp. one to -nit, a. Limited in quantity, deg-ee, or capacity;
encircle the head a piece of meat made up of mus-
; l)ounded. —Fi'nis, n. An en'd; conclusion.
cles, esp. the fleshy part of the thigh; meat rolled Finance, etc. See under Fixe, m.
into a string-like form. (Arch.) A
square ornament, Finch, tinch, n. One of a family of singing birds.
listel; the longitudinal ridge between the flutings of Find, find, v. t. [found (fowiid), finding.] To meet
a Grecian column, except the Doric. {Her.) kind A with or light upon accidentally, fall in with: to learn
of ordinary crossing the shield horizontally. iKt. by experience or trial, perceive, experience, detect,
To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet. feel; to come upon bj' seeking, discover by study,
File, fil, n. A
steel instrument, covered with sharp- gain, as the object of effort; to provide for,' supply,
edged furrows, for abrading or smoothing hard sub- furnish; to arrive at, as a conclusion, establish. v. —
stances; a shrewd, artful per.son, cheat, pickpocket. i. (Laio.) To determine as an issue of fact, and de-
— V. t. [FILED (tild), FiLiXG.] To rub, smooth, or clare it to a court. n. Thing found; a discov-
cut away, with a tile; to smooth, polish, improve. ery, esp. of something archaologieally valuable. ^
FiKing, n. Particle rubbed off by a tile. Foundling, fownd'-, n. A child found without a
Filial, tiKyal, a. Pert, to a son or daughter; becom- parent or protector.
ing a child in relation to parents; bearing the rela- Fine, fin, a. Finished; brought to perfection; supe-
tion of a child. Fil'iate, -T-at, v. t. To adopt as rior; elegant; beautiful; showy; .aiming at effect;
son or daughter. —
Filia'tion, n. Relation of a child over-dressed or over-decked; nice; delicate; exquis-
to a father; the fixing of a bastard child on some one ite; sly; fraudulent; not coarse, gross, or heary. v. —
as father; atSliation.
its t. [FfxED (find), FINING.] To make fine, purify.
Filibuster, til't-bus'ter, n. A
lawless military adven- — Fin''ery, -er-T, 71. Ornament; decoration; a refin-
turer, esp. one in quest of plunder; a free-booter, ery, furnace for making iron malleable. Fine''- —
pirate. v. i.— To act as a filibuster; to obstruct leg- draw, V. t. [-djeawn, -dk.^wing.] To sew up a rent,
islation by persistent dilatory motions on tlie part of without doubling the edges, so as to conceal it. -^
the minority. Fine'-drawn, p. a. Drawn out too subtly. Fin''- —
Filigree, Fillet, etc. See under File. ical, a. Affectedly fine; fastidious; foppish. Fin''- —
FiU, til, r. t. [FILLED (tild), filling.] To make full; ically, adv. —
Finesse, fl-nes', n. Subtilty of con-
to supply abundantly, cause to abound; to satisfy, trivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem. v. i.
content; to possess a!iid perform the duties of, oc- [FINESSED (-nest'), -SING.] To employ, etc. in whist, ;

cupy, hold; to supply with an incumbent. v. i. To — to play a low card when holding higher, trusting
become full, have an abundant supply, be satiated; that the opponent cnnnot take it.
to till a cup for drinking, give to drink. n. full — A Fine,, fin, H. Monej' paid to settle a claim, or termi-
supply; as much as satisfies; a thill of a carriage. nate a matter in dispute; esp. a payment of money
Fillibeg, fiKlT-beg, n. A
kilt or dress reaching nearly imposed as punishment for an offense; a mulct.
to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland. {Feudal Law.) A final agreement concerning lands
Fillip, fil'lip, V. t. [-LIPED (-lipt), -LiPiNG.] To strike or rents between persons. {Eng. Law.) sum of A
with the finger nail, jerked from under the thumb. money paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or priv-
— n. A
jerk of a finger. —
ilege. V. t. [FIXED (find), FINING.] To impose a
Filly, fil ''It, n. A
young horse; esp. young mare; fe- pecuniar}' penalty upon; to mulct. —
Finance, fl-
male colt; a lively, roistering, or wanton girl. nans', n. The income of a ruler or state; revenue;
Film, film, n. A
thin skin; pellicle; membranous cov- sometimes, income from an individual; ^jZ. available
ering, causing opacity; a slender thread, as one of resources. —Finan'oial. -shal. a. Pert, to finance or
those in a cobweb. v. t. —
To cover with, etc. public revenue. —
Fiaan'' liaiist, w. One skilled in
Filose. See under File. financial matters.— Finan'cially, oc/r.— Fin'ancier'',
Filter, fiKter, n. A piece of woolen cloth, paper, etc., -ser', n. An officer wno administers the public rev-
or a receptacle filled with charcoal, etc., through enue; one skilled in financial operations, v. i. To —
—
which liquids are strained. v.t. [FiLTEKED(-terd), conduct financial operations.
-TERiXG.] To purify (a liquid) by passing it through Finery, Finesse, etc. See under Fine, a.
a filter; to filtrate. i'. i. —
To pass through a filter. Finger, fin'ger, n. One of the .5 terminating members
Filth, filth, n. Foul matter; dirt; nastiness; anything of the hand; a digit; also, one of the 4 extremities
that defiles the moral character; pollution.— FUth'y, of the hand, excluding the thumb; the breadth of a
-T, n. [-IEK,-IEST.] Defiled with filth; impure; vulgar. finger; skill in the use of the fingers, as in music. —
Fin, fin, «. (Ichth.) v.t. [FINGERED (erd), -ERiNG.] To touch with the
One of the projec- fingers, handle; to perform on, or with, the fingers;
ting, bony, mem- to touch lightly; to pilfer, purloin. ;;. i. —
(JIus.)
branous organs To use the fingers in playing on an instrument.
with which a fish Finial, Finis, Finish, etc. 'See under Final.
or fish-like animal Finical, etc. See under Fine, «.
controls its posi- Fiord, ftSrd (one sj^llable), n. A
bay or inlet.
tion and o v e- m 2-
Fir, fer, n. A
tree allied to the pines.
ments. Fire, fir, n. Evolution of light and heat in the com-
F i n al fi ' n a 1, n.
,
Fins. bustion of bodies ; combustion state of ignition;
;

Pert, to the end fuel in combustion, as on a hearth or in a furnace;

conclusion 1,ventral anal; ?>, caudal; 4,
or ;
!,
the burning of a house, etc.: conflagration; ardor
terminating; pectoral; first dorsal; 6, sec-
warmth of imagination ; enthusiasm
last; ,

of passion ;

conclusive deci- ond dorsal.

; discharge of fire-arms. —
i:. i. ^[fiked (iird), firing.]

sive; mortal: respecting the purpose or ultimate end To set on fire, kindle; to inflame, irritate; to ani-
in view. —
FinaKity, -t-tT, w. Final state; a final or mate, give life or spirit to; to cause to explode, dis-
conclusive arrangement, settlement.— Fi''nally, adv. charge". (Far.) To cauterize. v. i. —
To take fire,
At the end; ultimately; lastly; colnpletelJ^ Finale, — be kindled, kindle; to be irritated or inflamed with
fim, fame, far, pass or opera, f^re ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r

^
 — — — ——
— —

FIRKIN 145 FLAME

passion; to distharge fire-arms. Finery, -er-T, a. ment. (^^ach^ Coincidence of parts in contact. -t
Consisting of, like, or heated by, fire: ardent; impet- Fifly, adv. Properly. Fifness, n. —
uous; irritable; fierce. —
Fire '-alarm', n. An alarm Fit, fit, n. A sudden and violent attack of a disorder;
given of a conflagration: ai)paratus forgiving alarm, a convulsion; paroxysm; attack of disease; an at^
asby telegraphic signals. arm, n. A weapon which tack of anything wliich masters one for a time; a
actsby the force of gunpowder. clay, w. A kind passing huinor impulsive action; a sudden emis-
of clay, chiefly pure silicate of alumina, capable of sion; a song, strain, canto.
;

Fifful, -ful, a. Full of —

sustaining intense heat, —-fly, n. winged, lumin- A fits; irregularly variable; unstable. Fit'fully, adv. —
ous insect; an Amer. beetle giving intermittent light Fitch. Same as'VETOU.
from the abdomen; a W. Ind. beetle which emits a Five, fiv, n. A
number next greater than 4, and less
etc.
—
—
brilliant lii:ht from a spot on each side of the thorax,

V. t.
proof, a. Proof against fire: incombustible.
To render proof, etc. Fire'man, n.; pi.—
than 6 the sum of 4 and 1 a symbol representing

than 4.
:

this number, as 5 or V.— a. 4 awd 1 added

—
Fifth, a. Next after the 4th: being one of
;

1 more ;

-MEN". One whose business is to extinguish fires in 5 equal parts, n. —

The quotient of 1 divided by .5;
towns: one who tends fires, as of a steam-engine. — one of .5 equal partj. —
Fifth' ly, adv. In the 5tli
Fire'side, n. A
place near the fire or hearth; home; place. —
Fifteen, -ten, a. 5 and 10: 1 more than 14.
domestic life. — n. The sum of 5 and 10; a symbol representing
Firkin, fer'kin, n. A measure of capacity, equal to this number, as 15, or XV. —
Fifteenth, a. Next
9 ale gallons, or 7.V imperial gallons; a cask of in- after the 14th being one of fifteen equal parts. —
determinate size, — used chieflv for butter and lard. —
;

n. One of 15 equal parts. Jifty, -tt, u. 5 times 10.

Firm, ferm, «. Fixed closely compressed not — n. 5 tens; sum of 49 and 1 symbol representing,
;

easily disturbed; unchanging in purpose; not giv-

;

etc., as 50, or L. —
Fiftieth, a. Next after the 4yth;
;

ing way; solid stable stanch sturdy resolute;

; being one of 50 equal parts. 7i. —
Quotient of 1 di-
constant. — ;

n. The name, title, or style under which

; ;

vided by 50; one of oOequal parts.

a co7npany transact business; a partnership or house. Fix, fiks, I', t. [FIXED (fikst^, FIXING.] To make firm,
— Firm'ly, cuiv. —
Firm'ness, n. State or qualit v of stable, or fast; to establish; to hold steadily; as the
being, etc. SeePuRE>OLOGY.— Fir'mament, w. The ej'e on an object, attention on a sjjeaker, etc. to ;

region of the air: sky or heavens. implant, pierce; to adjust, set to rights; place in the
Firman, fer'man or ler-man', n. ; pi. -maxs. de- A manner desired or most suitable, settle, determine,
—
cree of the Turkish or other Oriental government. put in order. v. i. To settle or remain permanent-
First, ferst, a. Preceding all others of a series or kind; ly, rest to become firm, cease to flow or to be fluid,
;

placed in front of all others; foremost; most eminent, become hard and malleable. n. difficult position; A
exalted, or excellent; primary; primordial; original; predicament; dilemma. —
Fix'ture, -chur, n. That
highest ; chief; principal. —
adv. Before anything which is attached to something as a permanent ap-
else in time, space, rank, etc., used in composi-— pendage ; fixedness. (Law.) Anything accessory
tion.— n. (.Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a
etc. Firsfly, adv. In the lirst place; to commence. part of them.
Firth. Same as Frith. Fizz, fiz, Fiz'zle, -zl, v. i. To make a hissing sound;
Fisc, fisk, n. The treasury of a prince or state. Fisc'- — to fail of success in an undertaking, bungle. n. — A
al, a. Pert, to the public revenue. failure, or abortive attempt.
Fish, fish, n. ; pi. Fjshes, -ez, for which the sing, is Flabby, flab'bi:, a. Yielding to the touch, and easily
often used collectively. An animal that lives in moved or shaken; wanting firmness; flaccid.
water. {Zobl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal, Flaccid, flak'sid, a. Yielding to pressure for want of
breathing by gills or branchi», and living almost firmness; soft and weak; limber; lax; flabby.
entirely in the water. The flesh of fish, used as Flag, flag, V. i. [flagged (flagd), -gixg.] To hang
food. —r. i. [FISHED (fisht), fishixg.] To attempt loose without stiffness ; to be loose and yielding; to
to catch fish; to seek to obtain by artifice. v. t. To — grow spiritless or dejected, lose vigor, droop, lan-
catch, draw out or up to search by raking or
; guish, pine. V. t. — To let fall into feebleness.
—
sweeping. {Naut.') To strengthen, as a mast or Flag, flag, F.-stone, n. A
flat stone used for pavin".
yard, with a piece of timber. {Railroad Engin.) To V. t. To lay with flat stones. Flake, n. film; — A
splice, as rails, with a fish-joint. -^ Fish'y, -T, a. flock lamina; layer
; scale ; a platform of hurdles,
;

Consisting of, like, or full of, etc.; dubious; extrava- for drying codfish, etc. (Naut.) stage hun" over A
fant, like fishermen's stories. Fish'-baJl, n. — A a ship's side, for workmen to stand on in calking,
ried cake, made from chopped fish, mashed pota- etc. — V. t. [flaked
—
(flakt), flaking.] To form
toes, etc. glue, n. Isinglass. hook, 7i. hook A into flakes. v. i. To separate in layers, scale off.
for catching fish. Flag, flag, n. A
cloth to wave in the wind, usually
— -joint, n. (Bail- bearing a device and attached at one end to a staff;
roads.) A splice military or naval ensign or colors; banner; standard.
consisting of fish- (Bot.) An aquatic plant, with ensiform leaves,
plates bolted to which flutter in the wind. v. t. To signal to with —
the sides of adja- a flag.
cent rails. — Fish-joint.
Flagellate, flaj'el-lat, v. t. To whip; scourge. Flag- —
-plate, n.
cing rails.
(Pathol.)
—AOne of the wrought-iron plates for spli-
mon'ger, n. A
seller of fish.
disease in which the skin becomes
skin, n. — eUa'tion, n.
—
A
flogging; disciphne of the scourge.
Flail, flal, n. An instrument for threshing or beat-
ing grain from the ear.
thickened, hard, and scaly. Flageolet, flaj'o-let', n. (Mus.) wind-instrument, A
Fissile, fis'sil, a. Capable of being split, cleft, or having a mouth-piece, and 6 principal holes.
divided in the direction of the grain, or of natural Flagi'tibus, fla-jish'us, n. Disgracefully or shame-
joints. —Fis'sure, fishier, n. A
cleft; longitudinal fully criminal ; guilty of enormous or scandalous
opening. crimes or vices; atrocious; flagrant; abandoned.—
Fist, fist, n. The hand with the fingers doubled into Fla'grant, a. Flaming; burning; in preparation or
the palm. —v. t. To strike with the fist. performance rao:ing flaming into notice ; notori-
; ;

Fistula, fisfu-la, n. ; pi. -L.aE,-le. A

reed; pipe. (Surg.) ous; flagitious; glaring; enormous.
A deep, narrow, chronic abscess. An abnormal open- Flagon, nag'un, ?). A
vessel with a narrow mouth,
ing from one internal organ to another, caused by for holding liquors.
ulceration or accident. Flail. See under Flagellate.
Fit, fit, a. Adapted to an end, object, or design; Flake, etc. See under Flag, a stone.
suitable by nature, art, or culture suitable to a ; Flambeau, flam'bo, n. ; pi. -beaux, -bo, or -beaus,
standard of duty, propriety, or taste; proper; be- -boz. A flaming torch, used in illuminations, etc.
coming; expedient; apt; adequate. —v. t. To make Flame, flam, n. A stream of burning vapor or gas; a
fit or suitable, adapt to the purpose intended, quali- blaze; burning zeal; passionate excitement or strife;
fy; to bring into a required form; to furnish duly; warmth of affection; a sweetheart. v.i. [flamed —
to be suitaole to, answer the requirements of. v. — (;flamd), FLAMING.] To burn with rising, streain-
i. To be proper or becoming, of the right size, or ad- ing, or darting tire; to blaze to break out in vio-
justed to the desired shape; to suit. «. Adjust- — lence of passion. —
Flamingo, -min'go, n. bird of
;

A
siin, cube, full ; moon, idbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
10
 FLANK 146 FLESH
a bright red color, having long or with false hopes. — Flat'terer, n. — Flat'tery, -T,
and neck, and a beak bent
legs -n. Act of, etc.; adulation; compliment; obsequious-
downas if broken. ness.
Flank, flank, n. The fleshy part of Flatulent, flafu-lent, a. Affected with gases in the
an animal's side between the ribs alimentary canal; windy; generating wind in the
and hip; Beef, Horse. {Mil.')
see stomach; turgid with air. —
FlaftUence, -lency, -sT,
The side of an army; the extreme n. State or condition of being, etc.
right or left. {Fort.) That part Flaunt, flant, v. i. To throw or spread out, move os-
of a bastion which reaches from tentatiously. —
V. t. To display ostentatiouslv.
the curtain to the face, and de- Flavor, fla^'ver, n. Odor; fragrance; that quality of
fends the opposite face: see Bas- anything which affects the taste; relish; savor; that
tion. {Arch.) The side of a build- which imparts a peculiar odor or taste. v. t. [fla- —
ing. — V. t. [FLAXKED (flankt), vored (-verd), -VORING.] To give flavor to.
FLANKING.] To Stand at the flank Flaw, flaw, n. A
bursting or cracking; a breach; gap;
or side of, border upon; to over- Flamingo. fissure. {Naut.) A
sudden gust. tumult, quar- A
look the flank of, pass around or rel; any defect made by violence or neglect; blem-
turn the flank of. i'. i. —
To border, touch; to be ish; imperfection; speck. —
v.t. [flawed (flawd),
posted on the side. Flange, flanj, n. —
projecting A flawing.] To break, violate.
edge or rim, as of a carwheel, to keep it on the rail, Flax, flaks, n. {Bot.) A
plant having a single, slen-
or of a casting, by which it may be fastened to some- der stalk, with blue flowers: the fiber
thing else. y. t. —
[flanged (flanjd), flanging.] of the bark is used for making thread
(^Mach.) To make a flange on. v.i. To be bent and cloth, called linen, canihiic, lawn.,
into a flange, take the form of a flange. lace, etc.; linseed oil is expressed from
Flannel, flan''nel, n. soft, nappy, woolen cloth, A the seed. The fibrous part of the flax
of loose texture. Elant, when broken and cleaned by
Flap, flap, n. Anything broad and limber that hangs atcheling or combing. —
Flax'^en, a.
loose, or attached by one side or end and easily —
Made of, or like, flax. Flax'y, -T, a.
moved the motion of such an object, or a stroke
; Like flax; of light color; fair. Flax'- —
with it, or the noise made by a stroke. {Surg.) A comb, n. A toothed instrument through
piece of skin and flesh left attached to the stump in which flax is drawn in preparing it for
amputation, made to cover the end of the bone. 'pi. spinning; ahatchel. dress'er,n. One
{Far.) A
disease in horses' lips. v. t. [flapped — who breaks and swingles flax, or pre-
(flapt), -PING.] To beat with a flap, strike; to move, pares it for the spinner. —
Flax'seed,
as something flap-like. v. i. To move (wings, etc.); — n. Seed of the flax planj; linseed.
to fall and hang like a flap. Flay, fla, v. t. [flayed (flad), flaying.]
Flare, flar, v. i. [flaked (flard), flaring.] To burn To skin, strip off the skin of.
with a glaring and waving flame to shine out with ; Flea, fle, n. A
small insect remarkable
a sudden, unsteady light; to be exposed to too much for its agility and troublesome bite.
light; to open or spread outward.— m. An unsteady, Fleck, flek, n. A spot, streak, speckle, Flax.
broad, offensive light leaf of lard. —
dapple. V. t. [FLECKED (flekt), FLECK-
Flash, flash, n. A
sudden burst of light momentary
;

; ING.] To spot, streak or stripe, variegate, dapple. —

blaze, brightness, or show an instant very brief Flick, V. t. and i. [flicked (flikt), flicking.] To
period the slang language of thieves, tramps, etc.
;
; ;

strike with a quick, light blow. ?i. —

slight blow, A
— a. Low and vulgar slang. v. i. [flashed ; — jerk.
(flasht), flashing.] To break forth, as a sudden Fledge, flej, v. t. [fledged (flejd), fledging.] To
flood of light, show momentary brilliancy ; to burst supply with the feathers necessary for flight, fur-
forth with a flood of flame and light to ; make a nish with any soft covering.
(juick and unexpected transit. — v. t. To send out Flee, fle, v. i. oV t. [fled, fleeing.] To run away,
in flashes, convey by a flame, or by a quick and start- as froni_danger or evil, escape.
ling motion. —
Flas'h'y, -T, a. Dazzling for a mo- Fleece, fles, n. The coat of wool covering a sheep, or
ment; showy; gaudy; insipid; vapid. shorn from a sheep at one time; any soft woollv cov-
Flask, flask, n. A
narrow-necked vessel for holding ering.— 1\«. [fleeced (flest), FLEECING.] 'To de-
fluids a powder-horn. {Founding.)
; box con- A prive of a fleece; to strip of money or property, rob;
taining the sand forming the mold. to spread over as with wool.
Flat, flat, a. Having an even and horizontal surface; Fleer, fler, v. i. [fleered (fi3rd), fleering.] To
lying at full length; level with the earth prostrate; make a wry face in contempt to deride, sneer, ;

fallen laid low ruined wanting relief or variety

;

mock, gibe. v.t. To mock, flout at. n. Deris- —

;

—
; ; ;

monotonous lacking liveliness, said of commer-

; ion; mockery.
cial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; not re- Fleet, flet, n. navy or squadron of ships; esp. a A
lieved, broken, or softened; clear; absolute down- number of ships of war. a. Swift in motion; nim- —
right. {Mus.) Below the true pitch, hence, as ble. — ;

v.i. To fly swiftly, hasten. {Naut.) To slip —

applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half-step (a rope or chain) down the barrel of a capstan or
'
not sharp or shrill; not acute. {Pron.) Uttered with windlass. v.t. To pass over rapidly; to cause to
;

—
voice instead of breath; spoken, in distinction from pass lightly, or in mirth and joy. (jyant.) To draw
whispered vocal sonant, said of certain conso- —
apart the Blocks of; to cause to slip down the barrel
;

—
;

nants, as h, d, z, etc. adv. Directly plainly. of a capstan or windlass. Fleefness, n. Svriitness; —

{Stock Exch.) Without allowance for accrued in- celerity; speed.
;

Fleet ''ing, p. a. Not durable; tran- ——

terest. n. — A
level surface withoiit elevation or sient; transitory. Fleet'-foot, a. Swift of foot;
prominences; a low, level tract of ground a shoal running, or able to run, rapidly. —FlotiKla, -la, w.
;

shallow strand a floor or story

; a building a
; m
little fleet, or fleet of small vessels. ; A
platform car on railroads the flat part, or side, of Flesh, flesh, ?i. The muscles, fat, etc., covering the
;

anything; a dull fellow; simpleton. {Miis.) char- A

framework of bones in animals; animal food; meat,
acter [t>] before a note, indicating a tone a half-step esp. of beasts and birds used as food, disting. fr.
or semitone lower. v. t. —
To make flat, flatten, Jish ; the human system; the body; the human race;
level; to render dull, insipid, or spiritless: to depress mankind; human nature tenderness of feeling; ;

in tone, as a musical note, esp., to lower in pitch by tendency to physical pleasure; carnality. {Theol.)
half a tone. V. i. —
To become flat, or flattened. The soul unintluenced bv spiritual influences. Kin-
(Mus.) To fall from the pitch. Flat'ten, -tn, v. t. —
dred; stock; race; the pulpy substance of fruit; part
[-TENED (-tnd), -tening.] To level, make flat; to of a root, fruit, etc., fit to be eaten. v. t. [fleshed —
throw down to prostrate, depress, deject to make
; (flesht), fleshing.] To feed (hawks, dogs, etc.)
;

vapid or insipid. {Mm.) To lower the pitch of. with flesh, as an incitement to exertion; to use (a
V. i. To become flat. sword, etc.) upon flesh, esp. for the first time; to
Tlatter, flat-'tgr, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To glut, accustom.— Flesh'^y, -1, a. [-ier, -iest.] Plump;
l^ratify, coax, wheedle; to gratify the self-love, van- corpulent; gross. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp;
ity, and pride of; to please Dy artful commendation, succulent. Flesh'iness, n. Flesh''ly, -IT, a. Pert. — —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — — — —

FLEUR-DE-LIS 147 FLOW

to the flesh; corporeal; animal, not vegetable; hu- alescing and adhering in flocks, like wooH {Oniith.)
man, not celestial, not spiritual; carnal; lascivious. Pert, to the down of unfledged birds.
Fleur-de-lis, flgr^de-le', n. The flower-de-luce iris. Floe, flo, n. An extensive surface of ice in the ocean.
;

{Her.) The royal insignia of France. Flog, flog, V. t. [FLOGGED (flogd), FLOGGING.] To
Flew. See Fly. beat or strike with a rod; to whip, lash.
Flex, fleks, v. t. [flexed (flekst), flexing.] To bend., Flood, flud, n. A body of moving water, esp. overflow-
— Flex''ible, a. Capable of being bent; pliable; yield- ing land not usually covered; a deluge; freshet; in-
ing to pressure: capable of yielding to others' "influ- undation; the flowing in of the tide, opp. to ebb; —
ence: too easy and compliant capable of being ; a ^reat quantitj'; abundance: superabundance; the
adapted; supple; ductile; obsequious; wavering. deluge in the days of Noah; a great body or stream
Flex'ibleness, -ibil'ity, n. Condition or quality of of any fluid substance; menstrual discharge. v.t.
being, etc. To overflow, inundate, deluge.
Flick. See under Fleck. Floor, flor, «. The solid surface of wood, etc., forming
Flicker, flik'er, v.. i. [-ered (-5rd), -erixg.] To flut- the bottom of a room, bridge, etc. ; the body of a
ter, flap without flying, waver or fluctuate, like a public hall, distiiig. fr. i)latform, gallery, etc. a ;

flame in a current' of air to blaze fitfully, as a suite of rooms on a" level in a house a story any
— ; ; ;

dying Are or lamp. n. Fluctuation; sudden and platform or flooring. (Let/is. Assemblies.) The part
Imef increase of brightness. {Oniith.) The golden- of the house assigned to the members the right to ;

headed woodpecker, yellow-hammer. speak. {Kmtt.) That part of the bottom of a vessel
Flier, Flight, Flighty. See under Fly. most nearly horizontal. v. t. [floored (flord), —
Flimsy, ttim'zl, a. [-siee, -siest.] Weak; feeble; FLOORING.] To covep^'ith a floor; to strike down or
slight; vain; of loose and unsubstantial structure; lay level with the floor ; to silence by some decisive
without reason or plausibility; shallow. argument.
Flinch, flinch, v. i. [flinched (flincht), flixching.] Flop, flop, V. t. [flopped (flopt), -PING.] To clap or
To show signs of yielding or of suffering; to wince. strike, as a bird its wings, etc. to spring up and fall ;

Flinders, flin'derz, n. pi. Small pieces or splinters. heavilv to the ground again, as a dying fish or fowl;
Fling, fling, v. t. [flung, flinging.] To cast, send, to let down the brimof (ahat, etc.). v. i. To strike —
or throw from the hand; to hurl. dart; to shed forth, about with something broad and flat; to rise and
emit; to prostrate, baffle, defeat. v. i. To throw, — fall. —
H. The sound made by aflat object falling
wince, flounce; to cast in the teeth, utter harsh lan- upon a floor, etc.
guage; to throw one's self in a violent or hasty man- Flora, flo'ra, n. {Myth.) The goddess of flowers.
ner, rush. —
n. A
cast from the hand; a throw; a {Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species
contemptuous remark; sneer; a kind of dance. native in a given locality, or period; a description
Flint, flint, n. (Min.) A
very hard variety of quartz, of such plants. Flo-'ral, a. Pert, to Flora, or to —
which strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in flowers. {Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, the
glass. A piece of flinty stone formerly used in fire- flower. Flc'rist, n. —
cultivator of, or writer on, A
arms to strike fire.— Flint'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Of, plants. Flores'cence, -sens, ri. {Bot.) — bursting A
abounding in, or like, etc. Flinfiness, n.— into flower; a blossoming. Flo'ret, n. —
Flip, flip, n. A liiixture of beer and spirit sweetened {Bot.) little flower; the partial or A
and heated by a hot iron. separate little flower of an aggregate
Flippant, flip-'pant, a. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid flower. Flo'ricul'ture, -kuPchur, n. — —
speech; voluble; talkative speaking; confidently, Cultivation of flowering plants.
without knowledge or consideration; pert; petulant. Flor'^id, flSr-, a. Covered with, or
— Flip'pantness, -pancy, -si, n. —
Flip'^per. n. The abounding in, flowers; bright in color;
paddle or limb of a sea-turtle, seal, etc.; broad fin of a lively red color: embellished with
of a fish. flowers of rhetoric; excessively ornate.
Flirt, flert, v. t. To throw with a jerk or quick effott, —
Flor'in, n. Orig. a Florentine coin,
fling suddenly; to move playfulty to and fro; to jeer with a lily on it; a coin of gold or sil-
at, treat with contempt. v. i.— To act giddilj^ or to ver, of different values in different Florets.
attract notice; esji. to play the coquette; to jeer or countries.
gibe.— n. Asudden jerk, darting motion, jeer; one Floss, flos, 11. downy or silken substance in theA
who flirts; a coquette; a pert girl. Flirta'tion, n. — A
husks of maize, etc.; a fluid glass floating on iron
untwisted filaments of silk.
flirting; a quick, sprightly motion; plaj'ing at court- in puddling-furnaces;
ship; coquetry. Floss'-thread, n. Soft flaxen thread, f or embroiderj'.
Flit, flit, V. i. To fly with rapid motion, dart along, Flotation, Flotsam, etc. See under Float.
fleet; to flutter, rove on the wing; to pass rapidly Flotilla. See under Fleet.
from one place to another; to be unstable, be easily Flounce, flowns, v. i. [flounced (flownst), floux-
or often moved. Flit'ter, n. A
rag, tatter, frag- CIXG.] To spring, turn, or twist with sudden ef-
—
ment. — Flit 'tef -mouse, n. bat. A fort; to flounder. n. Act of, etc.; a sudden jerk,
—
Flitch, flich, n. The side o:^a hog salted and cured. ing motion of the body. Floun'der, v. i. [-dered
Float, flot, n. Anything which rests on the surface of (-derd), -dering.] To plunge and struggle, as a
a fluid, esp. to sustain, move, or mark the position horse in mire ; to fling the limbs and body, as in
of some other thing; a raft; the cork on an angling making efforts to move; to roll, toss, and tumble.
line, to indicate the bite of a fish; float-board of a Flounce, flowns, n. loose ruffle or flap, around the A
wheel; a quantity of earth, 18 f&et square and 1 foot skirt of a lady's dress, —v. t. To deck with, etc.
deep ; a wooden instrument with which masons Flounder, flown'der, n. small, edible, tide-water A
smooth plastering on walls a single-cut file for flat-fish: when young
smoothing. — ;

v. i. To rest on the surface of a fluid; it swims vertically,

to be buoved up to move quietly or gently on the
; and has symmetrical
water or through the air. —
v.t. To cause to rest eyes, but soon turns
or move on the surface of a fluid ; to flood, inun- on its side, and the
date, overflow. {Plastering.) To pass over and level under eye passes
the surface of with a float dipped frequently in through its head.
water. — Flota'tion, n. Act of floating; science of Floxir, Flourish, etc. See
floating bodies. —
Flo'tant, a. {Her.) Streaming in under Flower.
the air.— Flot'sam, -son, ?i. {Law.) Goods lost by Flout, flowt, V. t. 'Flounder.
shipwreck and floating on the sea. mock or insult
Flock, flok, n. A
company or collection of living treat with contempt. - To sneer. - mock, A
things, esp. of sheep or bircls; a Christian congrega- insult.
tion.— v. i. [flocked (flokt), flocking.] To Flow, flo, V. i. [flowed (flod), flowing.] To
gather in crowds. change place or circulate, as a liquid; to become
Flock, flok, 11, A lock of wool or hair; finely pow- liquid, melt; to glide smoothly or without friction,
dered wool or cloth, used when colored for making proceed, issue forth; to have 'or be in abundance,
flock-paper, pi. The refuse of cotton and wool, or abound, be copious; to hang loose and waving; to
the shearing of woolen goods. Floc'culent, a. Co- — rise, as the tide,— opp. to ebb; to discharge blood

Biin, cube, fijll ; moon, tSbt ; cow, oil ; linger en- ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 FLOWER 148 FLY
in excess from the uterus, —v. t. To cover with ing' a continuous surface. Consisting of cards of
water, overflow, inundate, flood; to cover with var- the same suit.
nish. —
n. A
stream of water or other fluid; a cur- Flush, flush, V. J. To become suffused, as the cheeks;
rent any gentle, gradual movement of thought,
; to turn red, blush; to shine suddenly, glow. v. t. —
diction, music, etc.; abundance copiousness; the; To redden suddenly, put to the blush to make ;

tidal setting in of water from ocean to shore. glowing, redden; to animate with joy, elate, elevate.
Flower, flow'er, n. A
circle of leaves on a plant; a — n. A
rush of blood to the face; blush; glow.
bloom or blossom. (Bot.) That part' of a plant Fluster, flus'ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
destined to produce seed, and including one or both make hot and rosy, as with drinking to confuse,
of the sexual organs. The fairest, freshest, and muddle. — n.
Heat; agitation; disorder.
;

choicest part of anything; a figure of speech; orna- Flute, flut, n. {Mus.) A

pipe used as a wind instru-
ment of style. —
i\ i. [flowered (-erd), -ekixg.] ment, having on the side a mouth orifice and holes
To blossom, bloom, produce flowers to come into ; stopped by the fingers or by keys. {Arch.) chan- A
the finest condition. —
v. t. To embellish with nel in a column or pillar fluting; reed. channel A
flowers. —
FloW'eret, n. floret A
small flower. ;
— or groove in wood ar other work, or in plaited mus-
;

Flow'ery, -er-t, a. Full of, etc.; highly embellished lin, as a lady's ruffle.— v.t. To play or sing in a
with figurative language; florid. Flour, flowr, n. — clear, soft note, like that of a flute; to form flutes or
The finely ground meal of wheat or other grain channels — Flut''ed,iJ. «• Thin; fine; flute-like;
in.
formed with flutes. — Flufer, Flau''tist, flaw'-,
;

fine, soft powder of any substance. v. t. [floured —

(flowrd), FLOURING.] To grind and bolt; to sprinkle Flut'ist, n. One who plays on the flute. — Flut'ing,
with flour. —
Flour'y, -\, a. Of or like, etc. Flour- — n. A furrow in a column or in a lady's rufile; fluted
ish, fler-'ish, v. i. [-ished (-isht), -ISHIXG.] To grow work. — Fluti'na, -te-'na, n. A musical instrument
luxuriantly, thrive; to be prosperous, be increased resembling the concertina.
"With good qualities; to use florid language, be copi- Flutter, flut'ter, v. i. [ tered (-terd), -tering.] To
ous and flowery; to make bold and sweeping, fanci- flap the wings rapidly, without flying, or with short
ful, or wanton movements; to make ornamental flights to move with quick vibrations or undula-
strokes with the pen; to execute a fanciful strain of
;

tions to move irregularly, fluctuate.

; v. t. To vi- —
music, by way of ornament or prelude; to boast, brate or move quickly to agitate, disorder, throw
vaunt, brag. —
v. t. To cause to thrive, develop, ex- into confusion. n. Act of fluttering; quick and
;

pand; to ornament with anything showy, embellish; irregular motion; hurry; confusion.
to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to move in bold Fluvial, flu''v1-al, -viafic, a. Pert, to rivers; growing
or irregular figures; to brandish. n. Decoration; — or living in streams or ponds.
showy splendor; ostentatious embellishment; show; Flux, fluks, 71. Act of flowing ; quick succession ;
a fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a fantastic or change matter which flows, as tide setting
; tow- m
decorative musical passage the waving of a weapon,
; ard the shore; state of being liquid. {Chem. &
etc.; brandishing. Metal.) Any substance used to promote fusion of
Flown. See Fly. metals or minerals. {Med.) Discharge of a fluid
Fluctuate, flukfu-at, v. i. To move as a wave, roll from the bowels or other part esp., an excessive
hither and thither; to move now in one direction and morbid discharge matter thus discharged.
;

—
v.t. [fluxed (flukst), FLUXING.] To fuse. — Flux'-
;

and now in another, be irresolute or undetermined,

waver, vacillate, scruple. ion, fluk''shun, n. Act of flowing; matter that flows;
Flue, flTi, n. An air-passage, esp. for conveying smoke a constantly varying indication.
and flame from a fire a passage surrounded by
; Fly, fli, V. i. \iinp. flew (flu) p. p. flown (flon) ;

water, for the gaseous products of combustion, dis- — FLYING.] To move in the air with wings; to float or
ting. fr. tube, which holds water, and is surrounded move in the air, as clouds, etc. to move"^rapidl3', like ;

by fire : small fluee are called ^Me-iM6es. a bird to attempt to escape, flee to part, burst in
Fluent, flu^ent, a. Flowing or capable of flowing, pieces. —
;

v. t. To shun, avoid to cause to fly, set

;

liquid.; gliding; current; ready in the use of words; floating, as a kite. n. —

{Entom.) winged insect
;

A
voluble; copious; smooth. —
n. (^Math.) variable A of various species, whose wings are transparent; esp.
quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing, the house fly. A
fish-hook dressed imitation of a m
— called, in modern calculus, the function or in- fly; a kind of light carriage that part of a flag from
—
;

tegral. — Flu''ency, -sY, n. Quality of being, etc. the union to the extreme end. {Xaut.) That part
Flu'id, a. Capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous. — of a compass on which the points are marked.
n. A body whose particles move easily among them- {Mech.) A
contrivance to equalize motion or ac-
selves. —
Flume, fium, n. A stream; esp. a channel for cumulate power in a machine. {Print.) One who
water driving a mill-wheel, or used in gold^washing. takes sheets from the press that part of a power- ;

Fluff, h. Nap ; down. printing press which receives the printed sheet and
Flugelman, flu''gl-man, n. (Mil.') The leader of a file; lays it aside. —
Fli''ers, n. pi. Arms revolving around
a fugleman. a bobbin on a spinning machine, which twist the
Fluke, fluk, n. {jS'aut.) The part of an anchor which sliver, etc., into roving, yarn, thread, etc., and wind
fastens in the ground see Anchor. One of the it on the bobbin.- Fly^'er, n. {Arch. ) step in a flight A
;
:

points of a whale's tail any unexpected advantage. of stairs which are parallel to each other. Fiy'- —
Flummery, flum'^mer-I, ?i. A
light kind of food, for- blow, n. The egg of a fly. v. t. To deposit an egg —
merly made of flour or meal empty compliment.
Flung, See Fling.
; in, or upon, as a fly. wheel, n. —wheel
chinery that equalizes its movements, or accumu-
in ma- A
Flunk, flunk, v. i. [flunked (flunkt), flunking.] lates power for a variable or intermitting resistance.
To fail, back out, through fear. —
n. A failure. See Steam Engine. —
Fly^ing-artil'lery, n. {Mil.)
Flunky, ilunk'T, n. A livery servant ; one who is ob- Artillery trained to rapid evolutions. fish, n.
sequious or cringing. (Ichih.) A
fish which can sustain itself in the air
Fluorescence, flu'o-rgs''sens, n. A property possessed for a short time, by its
by many substances, of glowing when exposed to long pectoral fins.
light, cathode rays, X
rays, etc. Fluoroscope, flu- — — -jib, >i. {Navt.) A
6r''o-skop, n. (J'hys.) A
fluorescent screen, with sail outside of the
hood to protect the eyes, used for observing the shad- standing-jib, on the
ows cast by objects placed in the path of the rays. X flying-jfb-boom. See
Flurry, flur'rl, n. A sudden blast or gust violent ; Sails. —
-jib-boom, n.
agitation; commotion; bustle; confusion. v. t. {Naut.) spar ex- A
[flurried (-rid), -RYiNG.] agitate, alarm. To tending beyond the
To See Ship.
Flush,
flow
flush, V. i. [flushed (flusht), flushing.]
and spread suddenly. — v.
etc.) to start by inundating with a sud-
to cleanse
t. To cause (game, —
jib-boom.

A
squir'rel, n. {Zo'61.)
squirrel liaving an
den rush of water. — ii. A sudden flowing; msh; a
;

expansive skin on
flock of birds suddenly started up; a run of cards of each side, reaching
the same suit. a. —
Full of vigor well furnished ; ;
from the fore to the
Flying-fish.
affluent; liberal; prodigal. {Arch, and Mecli.) Form- hind legs, by which it

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, Qr 5
 FOAL 149 FOOT
is borne up in leaping. — Flight, flit, n. Act of flee- ture. {Arc/t.) The representation of leaves, flow,
ing or flying hasty de- ; ers, and branches. —
Folio, fo'lT-o or fcl'yo, n. A
parture, mode of flying sheet of paper once folded; a book made of sheets,
lofty elevation and ex- each folded once; a page in a book; two opposite
cursion; soaring; a num- pages bearing the same serial number. {Law.) A
ber of things passing leaf containing a certain number of words: a certain
through the air together, number of words in a writing. a. Formed of sheets—
esp. a flock of birds a ; folded so as to make 2 leaves of, or equal to, the size
;

reach of stairs from one of 1 fold of a sheet of printing paper, when doubled
landing to another. — so as to make 2 leaves.
Flight^jr, -r, a. Fleet- Folk, fok, «. People in general, or a separate class of
ing; swift; transient; in- -c-, , • . lieople.
Flying-squirrel.
digging in flights of im- Follicle, foKlt-kl, n. (Bot.) A
simple pod opening
agination, humor, caprice, etc.; volatile ; giddy. down the inner suture a ves- ;

Flight 'iness, n. sel distended with air. {Anat.)

Foal, fol, ?«. A
colt or filly. —
v.t.Sai. [foaled (fold), A little bag in animal bodies; a
FOALING.] To bring forth, as a colt or filly. gland.
Foam, fom, w. An aggre^tion of bubbles o'n the sur- Follow, foKlo, v. t. [-lowed '^, -^
face of liquids after vioient agitation; froth; spume. (-lod;, -LOWING.] To go or come J-yT''
— v.i. [Fo.\MED (fomd), FOAMIXG.] To fioth, gather after; to go in pursuit of, strive
^^
foam; to form or become filled with foam.— v. t. To to obtain; to go with, as a leader, t^ ,,- , fn ,s
throw out with violence; to cause to foam. accept as authority, iake as a -collide, {^ot.}
Fob, fob, n. A
watch pocket. rule of action: to copy after, take as an example; to
Fob, fob, r. t. [FODi3ED(fobd), -bixg.] To cheat, trick. succeed in order of time, rank, or office; to result
Focus, fo'kus, n. ; E. pi. -CUSES, -kus-ez ; L. pi. -ci, from, as effect from cause, or inference from prem-
-si. {Opt.} A
point in which the ray.s of light meet, ise; to watch, as a receding object; to keep the mind
after being reflected or refracted. (Geom.) point A upon while in progress; to understand the meaning,
on the principal axis of a conic section, such that connection, or force of; to attend upon closely, as"a
the double ordinate to the axis through the point profession or calling. v.i. To go or come after,
shall be equal to the parameter of the curve. A pursue, attend, accompanj', be a result, succeed. —
central point point of concentration. v. t. To — FoKlower, ?(. One who follows; imitator; disciple;
bring to a focus.
;

—
Fo'cal, u. Of, or pert, to, etc. adherent; attendant. {Steam Emj.) The cover of a
Fodder, fod'^der, n. Food for cattle, horses, and piston; a gland, {lluch.j Part of a machine that re-
sheep, as hay, straw, and various vegetables. v. f. — ceives motion from another part. Following, a. —
[FODDEKED (-derd), -DEKiXG.] To feed (cattle) with Being next after; succeeding; ensuing.
dry food, cut grass, etc. Folly. See under Fool.
Foe, fo, n. An enemj'; hostile army; opponent. Foment, fo-ment', r\ t. To apply warm lotions to; to
Feetus. Same as Fetus. instigate, cherish, and promote oy excitements; to en-
Fog, fog, n. Vapor rising from water or wet land and courage.— Fomeata'tion, ?i. {Med.) Act of foment-
obscuring the lower part of the atmosphere; mist; a ing, or of applying lotions or poultices the lotion ;

cloud of dust or of smoke. v. t. [fogged (fogd), — applied to a diseased part; encouragement.

-GiXG.] To envelop, .as with fog; befog. Fog''g' — Fond, fond, a. Orig. foolish, simple; foolishly tender
-gY, a. [-GIEE, -GiEST.] filled or abounding wit' tli^ and loving: doting; loving; tender; much pleased.
etc.; cloudj-; mistjs dull: obscure. — Fond'ly, adv. — Fond'ness, — Fond'le, n. foud'^l,
Fog. fog, n. (Agric.) A
second growth of grass; after- V. t. [-LED (-Id), -lixg.] To treat with tenderness,
grass long grass that remains in pastures till win- caress.
;

ter; dead grass in meadows, etc. Font, n. Assorted type see under Fouh^d.
: A bap- —
Fogy, -gie, -gey, fo'gt, 7i. A
dull old fellow; a per- tismal vessel: see under Fount.
son behind the times; a conservative.. Fontanel, fon'ta-nel', Fontic'iilus, «. {Bled.) An arti-
Foible, foi^bl, n. A
particular moral weakness ; a ficial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the
—
failing; weak point; infirmity; frailty; defect. bod}'. Fon''tanel, n. {Anat.) A space between the
Foil, foil, V. [FOILED (foild), foiling.] To render
t. bones of an infant's skull occupied by cartilaginous
vain or nugatory, frustrate, baflle, balk. — n. Fail- membrane.
ure of success when on the point of being secured ;
Food, food,n. "What is fed upon; victuals; provisions;
defeat; miscan-iage; a blunt sword, or one having a anything that sustains, nourishes, and augments ;

button at the end, —used in fencing. aliment; sustenance; fare.

Foil, foil,w. A
verj'thin sheet or plate of metal; a thin Fool, fool, «. One destitute of reason; an idiot; one
leaf of metal, placed under precious stones, fo in- deficient in intellect; a simpleton, dunce. {Scriiyt.)
crease their brilliancy orgive them Color; anything of A wicked person. A
professional jester or buffoon.
contrasting color or qualities, which sets oil' another — V. i. [FOOLEC (foold), FOOLING.] To act like a
thing to advan- fool, trifle, toy. v. t. To infatuate, make foolish;
tage. ^Arch.) to make a fool of, impose upon, cheat. Fool^ery, —
A leaf-like or- -er-T, 11. Practice of folly; absurdity; act of folly or
nament, in win- weakness; piece of absurdity or nonsense. — FooK-
w
d o s niches. , ish, a. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of
etc., called tre- understanding; weak in intellect; exhibiting a want
foil, quatrefoil,
Foils. {Arch.)
of judgment. —
FooK-hard'y, a. Daring without
quinquef oil, iudgment; foolishly bold; rash; venturous; head-
etc., according to tb.e number of cusps it contains. long. —
FooKhard'iiiess, '(. —Fools'cap, n. long A
Foist, foist, V. t. To insert surreptitiously, or without folio writing paper, aDout l.>i by IGJ inches. [Orig.
warrant; to interpolate; to pass off as genuine. made with a water-mark of a fool's cap and bells.]
Fold, fold, n. A
doubling of a flexible substance ; — FoKly, -IT, n. State of being a fool; want of sense;
times or repetitions, —
used with numerals, chiefly levitjs weakness, or derangement of mind; a fool-
in composition, to denote multiplication orincrease; ish act; weak conduct; foolery.
that which is folded together, or which infolds; em- Foot, fd6t, n. ; pi. Feet, fEt. The part of a le^ below
brace. —
V. t. To lap or lay in plaits to double to ; ; the ankle; lowest part or foundation; last of a row
lay (the arms, etc.) together; to inclose within folds. or series; fundanjental principle; basis; ordinary
^v.i. To become folded. level or rank; a measure conJ^isting of 12 inches.
Fold, fold, n. A To con-
pen for sheep, etc.
v. t. — {Mil.) The foot-soldiers, infantry. {Pros.) com- A
fine (sheep) in a fold. bination of syllables constituting'a metrical element
Foliaceous, fo'lT-a'shus, a. (Bot.) Pert, to, or having of a verse. —
v. i. To tread to measure or music; to
the texture or nature of, a leaf having leaves inter- ; dance; to walk.— v. t. To strike with the foot, kick;
mixed with flowers. (3fin.) Consisting of leaves to tread; to sum up, as numbers in a column; to add
or lamina; of the form of a leaf or plate.— Fo'liage, a foot to. —
Foofing, w. Ground for the foot; firm
-ll-ej, n. A
collection of leaves as produced by na- fouiidation to stand on; estaljlished place; relative

6un, cube, full ; moon, fdSt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boifhos', chair, get.
 FOP 150 FORE
condition; state; tread; esp. tread to measure; act of withdraw from, abandon, desert, reject.— Forswear''',
adding up a column of figures; sum total of such a -swSr'', V.
t. [ittip. -swore (-swor); p. pj. -sworn;
column; act of putting a foot to anything, or that -swearing.] To reject or renounce upon oath; to
which is added as afoot; a plain cotton lace, without renounce earnestly or with protestations; to deny
figures; the finer refuse part of whale blubber, not —
upon oath. v. i. To swear falsely, commit perjury.
— Forswear''er,
wnoUy deprived of oil. (Arch.) The broad founda- n. A perjurer.
tion or base of a wall. —
Foof-ball, n. An inflated Strength or energy of body or mind;
ball, kicked about; sport of kicking, etc.
A holding witli the feet that on which one may
hold, n. — Force, fors, n.
esp. power to persuade, convince, or impose obliga-
tion; compulsory power; strength for war; a body of
tread securely. —
man, n. ; pi. -mex.
;

soldier who
marches and fights on foot; a male servant who at-
A combatants. (Law.) Violence; validity; efficacy.
(Physics.) Any action between 2 bodies tending to
tends the door, carriage, table, etc.
dynamic unit, —
pound, 7i. The
being the amount of work done in
— change an^ physical relation between them.
[forced (torst), forcing.] To constrain to do, or
v.t. —
raising 1 pound through 1 foot.
— print, n.
A
—
trace
soldier who serres on
A to forbear, by exertion of power not resistible to
impress by force; to do violence to, esp. to ravish,
;

—
or foot-mark.
foot.
much walking.
sol'dier, n.
sore, a. Having tender or sore feet, as from
—mark step, n. Sound made by putting
violate; to obtain by strength, capture by assault;
to impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main
down the foot; or impression of the foot; a strength; to exert to the utmost, strain, produce by
track; visible sign of a course pursued; token. unnatural effort; to provide with forces, garrison.
Fop, fop, n. A fellow vain and conceited or over nice For''cible, -sTC-bl, a. o s P
and aflEected in dress or manners; a coxcomb; dandy. sessing force, efiiciency, or
— Fop''pery, -per-T, w. The behavior, manners, dress, energy; marked by excess-
etc., of a fop; coxcombry; folly; impertinence; fool- ive violence using force ;

ery. — Fop''pish, a. Fop-like; vain of dress; affected against opposition; ob-

in manners; finical; spruce; dandyish. tained by compulsion; pow-
For, f6r, pre/;. In tlie place of; instead of; because erful efficacious; potent
cogent. — For^ci-
;

of; by reason of; with respect to; concerning; in the weighty

direction of toward; during; as being, etc.,
; indi- — bly, adv.
;

— Force''- or For''-
cating that in consideration of, or with reference to, cing-pump, n. A kind of pump
which anything takes place. conj. Because; since; — used to throw water to a distance,
because, introducing a reason of something before or force it onward by direct action
advanced, the cause, motive, expl?,nation, etc., of of the piston.
an action related or statement made. Forev'er, — Force, fors, v. t. (CooTcery.) To
adv. To eternity eternally at all times ; continu-
; ; stuff, lard.— Force''-meat, n. Meat
ally; incessantly; always; endlessly. chopped fine, seasoned, and used
Forage, fSr^'ej, n. Act of providing food ; food for as stuffing.
horses and cattle. —
v. i. [foraged (-ejd), -aging.] Forceps, f6r''seps, n. two-bladed ^=| A
To wander in search of food; to ravage, feed on instrument for grasping or trac-
spoil.— V. t. To .strip of provisions, supply with tion a pair of tongs or pincers,
;

forage.— Foray, Forray, fo-ra' or for''a, n. sud- A esp. for delicate operations, as i orcing-pump.
den incursion in border war; a raid.— v. t. To ravage. those of watchmakers, dentists, P> piston p, de- ;

liTery tube.
Forbear, idr-bkr^, v. i. [imp. forbore (-bor'') or (obs.) g(-(._

fokbare; 23. p. FORBOKNE; roRBEARiNG.] To re- Ford, ford, n. A

place where a river, or other water,
frain from proceeding, pause, delay; to refuse, de- may be passed by wading; a stream; current. v. t. —
cline. — V. t. To avoid, abstain from; to treat with To wade through. Ford''able, a. —
consideration, indulge, bear with. —
Forbear''ance, n. Fore, for, a. Advanced in place or position; toward
Act of , or quality of being, forbearing; long-suffer- the front; forward; advanced in time; antecedent;
ing; patience; refraining; mildness. Forbid'', v. t.— advanced in order or series. adv. In advance; at —
[-BADE (-bad''); p. p. -BIDDEN Or (obs.) -bid ; -bid- the front; in the part that precedes. n. The front. —
ding.] To command to forbear, or not to do; to for- — For''mer, a. comj^ar. Preceding in tin^e; ancient^
bid from entering or approaching; to oppose, ob- long-past; prior; anterior; foregoing; first mentioned.
struct, prohibit, interdict, hinder. v. i. To utter — For''merly, -IT, adv. In time past; of old; hereto-
a prohibition, prevent. —
Forbid'dance, w. Act of, fore. — Fore''most, a. First in place; chief in rank,
or condition of being, etc. —
Forbid'der, n. For- — dignity, etc.— For'' ward, -wards, adv. Toward a part
bid'ding, p. a. Repelling approach; repulsive; un- or place before or in front; onward; in advance; pro-
pleasant; odious; abhorrent. —
Forbore, -borne. See gressively, —
opp. to backward. For'' ward, a. Near —
Forbear. —Forfend'' or Forefend'', v. t. To fend or at the fore part; ready; prompt; willing; earnest;
off, avert, forbid, prohibit, defend, guard, secure. — eager; over ready; less modest or reserved than is
Forego'', v. t. [imp. forewent; p. p. -gone; -going.] proper unusually advanced; precocious; prema-
To quit, leave, relinquish the enjoyment or advan- ture. V. t. — ;

To help onward, advance, promote; to

tage of, give up, resign, renounce. [See also under send forward, transmit. —
For'' warder, n. One who,
Fore.] — Forget'', v. t. [imp. -got or {obs.) -gat; p. etc. esp. who transmits goods. For''wardly, adv. —
— —
;

». -GOT, -gotten; -getting.] To lose the remem- For''wardness, n. Fore''-arm, v. t. To arm or

brance of; not to think of; to treat with inattention, prepare for attack or resistance before the time of
slight, neglect. — To forget one's self. To be guilty need. —
Fore-arm'', n. (Anat.) That part of the arm
of what IS unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, between elbow and wrist. — Forebode'', v. t. To
temper, or self-control. —
Forget'^ul, -ful, a. Apt to foretell, prognosticate; to have an inward convic-
forget; heedless; careless; neglectful. Forgef ful- — tion of, as of a calamity to happen; to presage, por-
ness, w. Quality of being forgetful; loss of remem- tend, betoken. —Forebod^er, w. Fore'cast, v. t. —
brance or recollection ; oblivion; failure to bear in [-cast; -casting.] To contrive beforehand, scheme,
—
mind; careless omission. Forget''-me-not', w. (Bot.) project; to foresee, provide against. w. i. To con- —
A small herb, bearing a blue flower, the emblem — trive beforehand. —
Forecast n. Previous contriv-
—
,

of fidelity. — Forget'^ter, n. Forgive'', -giv', v. t. ance or determination; foresight of consequences,

[imp. -GAVE; p. p. -GIVEN; -giving.] To cease to im- and provision against them prognostication. Fore''- ; —
pute, remit, excuse; to cease to feel resentment castle, -kas-sl, n. (Naut.) That part of the upper
against, absolve, pardon. —
Forgiv'able, a. For- — deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the
give''ness, n. Act of, or disposition or willingness after part of the fore channels; in merchant vessels,
to, etc.; pardon; remission. —
Forgiv'er, n. For- — the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where
—
giv'ing, p. a. Disposed to forgive; mild; merciful; the sailors live. See Ship. Forecit''ed, -sifed, a.
compassionate. — Forlorn'', a. Deserted lost ; in ; Cited or quoted before or above. Foredoom'', v. t. —
pitiful plight; abject; pitiable.-Forlornhope. (Mil.) To doom beforehand, predestinate.— Fore'father,
A detachmerxt o1 men to lead in an assault, enter a n. One who precedes another in the line of geneal-
breach, or perform service of uncommon peril. ogy; an ancestor. —
Fore^'finger, -fin-ger, n. The fin-
Forssvk.e'', v. i. {imp. -sook (-sdSk); p. p. -sak''en; ger next to the thumb; the index. Fore''foot, ?j. ,• —
i-SAK''iT"G.1 To quit or leave entirelj', depart or pi. -FEET. One of the anterior feet of an animal.

\fr=., fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice; 6dd, tone, 6r;
 FORE 151 FORM
(Naut.) A piece of timber terminating the keel at taste before full possession, anticipate; to taste be-
the fore-end, and connecting it with the stem. — fore another. —
Foretell', v. t. T'd tell before occur-
Pore'front, -frunt, n. The foremost part or place. rence, foretoken, foresliow, predict, augur. r. i. —
— Forego', v. t. [imp. -\vext; ;>. p. -gone; -going.] To utter prediction or propliecy. ForeteU'er, n. — —
To go before, precede. [See also under Forbe.a.r.] Fore'thought, -thawt, n. Anticipation; prescience;
— Foregone conclusion. One which has preceded ar- premeditation; provident care; forecast. Foreto'- —
gument or examination; one predetermined.— Fore'- ken, -kn, r. t. To foreshow. —
Fore'token, n. Prog-
groond, n. That part of the field of a picture which nostic; previous si";n. —
Fore'-tooth, n. ; pi. -teeth.
seems to lie nearest the spectator, or before tlie fig- (Amii.) One of tiie teeth in the forepart of the
ures.—Fore'hand, h. All that part of ahorse be- —
mouth; an incisor. Fore'top. )i. The hair on the
fore the rider; the most important part; prudence; forepart of the head fore-lock: that part of a head-
advantage. —
Fore'handed. <t. Early; timely; sea-
;

dress that is forward. (Nuut.) The platform at the

sonable; not beliindhand: in easy circumstances. head of the foremast. See Ship.- Forewarn', r. «.
Fore'head, fOr^ed, n. That part of the face from To warn beforehand, caution in advance, inJEorni
the usual line of hair on the top of the head to the previously.
eyes; the brow; assurance. —
Forejudge'', r. t. To Foreclose, for-kloz', v. t. [-closed (-klozd'), -clo-
judge before hearing the facts and proof, prejudge. sing.] To shut up or out, preclude, stop, prevent,
{O. Eng. Law.) To expel from court for miscon- bar, exclude. —
Foreclo'sure, -zliur, n. Act or pro-
duct. —
Foreknow', -no', v.t. [imp. -knew; p.p. cess of foreclosing a process in law which bars a
;

-KNOWN; -knowing.] To have previous knowledge mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.
of, know beforehand. —
Forekiiow''er, n. Fore- — Foreign, for'in, a. Not native extraneous; alien; ;

knowKedge, -nSKej, n. Knowledge of a thing be- remote; not pertinent; not appropriate: not agree-
fore it happens; prescience. —
Fore'land, u. A prom- able; not admitted; excluded; outlandish; remote.
ontorj' or cape; head-land. (Fort.) A piece of ground — For'eigner, n. One of a foreign country an
between the wall of a place and the moat. Fore'- — alien. —For'eignness, n.
;

lay', V. <. To contrive antecedently; to lie in wait Forefend. See under Forbear.
for. — Fore'lock, n. The lock of hair growing from Forensic, fo-ren'sik, -sical, «. Pert, to courts of ju-
the forepart of the head, (yaui.) A flat piece of dicature or public discussion and debate; used in
iron driven through the end of a bolt, to retain it in courts and legal proceedings, or in public discus-
place. — To take time, or occasion, by the forelock. sions; argumentative.
To make prompt use of anything; nOt to let slip an Forest, for'est, n. An extensive wood in TJ. S., a ;

opportunity. —
Fore'nian., n. ; pi. -men. The first or wood of native growth. v. i. To cover with trees —
chief man, —
as, the chief man of a jvltv, who acts or wood.
as their speaker; chief of a set of hands employed in Forever. See under For.
a shop; overseer. —
Fore'mast, n. (,Xaut.) The for- Forfeit, f 6r'fit, a. Lost or alienated for an offense
ward mast of a vessel: the one nearest the bow. See liable to penal seizure. n. A thing lost, or the —
Ship. — Foremen'' tioned, -shund, a. Mentioned be- right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neg-
fore; recited in a former part of the same writing. lect of duty, or breach of contract; a fine; mulct;
Fore^name, n. A name preceding the familv name penalt}'; something deposited and redeemable by a
or surname; a first name. —
Fore'named, -namd, «. fine. ?;, t. —
To lose, or lose the right to. For'fei- —
Named or nominated before; mentioned before in ture, -fT-chur, n. Act of forfeiting; the losing of
the same writing. —
Fore'noon, n. The former part some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects,
of the day, from morning to noon. —
Fore-ordain', by an offense, crime, breach of condition, etc. ;

v.t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to predes- tiling forfeited; amercement; penalty.

tinate, predetermine. —
Fore-or'dina''tion, n. Pre- Forgave._ See Forgive, under Forbear.
vious appointment; predestination. —
Fore 'part, ?i. Forge, forj, n. A place where iron is wrought by
The part most advanced, or first in time or in place, heating and hammering; esp. a furnace, where iron
anterior part, beginning. —
Fore'-plane, n. ( Carp.) is wrought; a smithy; works where iron is rendered
The first plane used after the saw and ax; jack- malleable by puddling and shingling; a workshop;
plane.— Fore'rank, n. The first rank, front.— Fore- place where anything is produced, shaped, or de-
run'', i'. «. [t(/*p. -UAX; 73. ;j. -RUN; -RUXNIXG.] To vised. —v. <. [FORGED (forjd), FORGING.] To form
run before, precede; to come before as an earnest of by heating and hammering to shape out in any ;

sometliing to follow, announce. —

Forerun'ner, n. way, produce; to make falsely; to produce (that
A messenger sent before to give notice of the ap- which is not genuine), fabricate, counterfeit, feign,
proach of others a harbinger; sign foreshowing falsifj'. V. i. —
To commit forgery. (Miut.) To
;

something to follow; prognostic. —

Fore'sail, n. move" heavily and slowly, as a ship with the sails
(^Xant.) A
sail extended on the fore-yard; the first furled. —
For'gery, -jer-Y, n. Act of forging, fab-
triangular sail before the mast of a sloop or cutter. ricating, or producing falsely esp.. the crime of
See S.^iL. —Foresee', v. t. limp, -saw; p. p. -seen fraudulently making a writing purporting to be
;
;

-SEEING.] To see beforehand, see or know before done bj' another; thing forged.
occurrence, foreknow. —
Foreseer', -ser', n. —
Fore- Forget, Forgive, Forlorn, etc. See under Fokbeae.
shad'ow, V. t. To shadow or typify beforehand, Fork, fork, n. An instrument with prongs or tines;
prefigure. — Foreshort'en, -shSrt'n, v. t. (Paint.) anything fork-shaped one of the branches of a ;

To shorten by representing in an oblique position; river, road, etc.; place where a road, tree, etc., di-
to represent as seen obliquely. —
Foreshort'ening, n. vides; a prong; point. ?'. i. [forked (fdrkt), fork- —
The representation or appearance, or diminution of ing.] To shoot into blades, as corn; to divide into
length, of objects viewed obliquely. —
Foreshow', v. branches. r. t. —
To raise or pitch with a fork, as
i. \imp -SHOWED; p. p. -SHuwx; p. pr. & vh. n. haj' to dig and break with a fork, as ground
; to ;

-showing.] To show or exhibit beforehand, prog- form into a fork-like shape: to bifurcate.
nosticate, foretell.— Foreshow'er, ?;. —
Fore'side, n. Form, form, n. The shape and structure of anything;
The front side; a specious outside. Fore'sight, — configuration; frame; external ajsjiearance; a men-
-sit, Ji. The act or power of foreseeing; prescience; tal transcript or image: constitution; mode of con-
foreknowledge; action in reference to the future; struction, arrangement, organization, etc. estab- ;

wise forethought. (Surv.) Any siglit or reading of lished method or practice; formula; show without
the leveling-staff, except the orie backward, called substance conventionalitj'; formality; orderly ar-
;

the back-sight. —
Fore'skin, n. (Anat.) The skin rangement shapeliness comeUness beaut^'
; a ,-
; ;

that covers tlie (jlans penis ; prepuce.— Forestall', v. shape phantom mold pattern model a long
; ; ; ; ;

i. To take beforehand, anticipate; to pre-occin)}''; bench or seat: a class in a school; class or rank in
to exclude, hinder, or prevent, bj- prior occupation socifety; the seat orbed of a hare. (Print.) A page,
or by measures taken in advance to monopolize, ; or pages, imposea and locked up in a chase. (P/n-eti.)
engross. (Eng. Law.) To obstruct or stop up, as a Perception of form. See Phrenology. — v. t.
way; to intercept on the road. —
Forestall'er, n. [FORMED (f6rmd), forming.] T<5 give form or shape
One wlio purchases provisions before they come to to; to construct, fasliion; to model, train to go to ;

market, to raise the price. —

Foretaste', m. A taste make up, act as constituent of to provide with a
—
—
;

beforehand anticipation.
; Fore'taste, v. t. To form, as a hare. Form'less, a. Sliapeless with- ;

stin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or iak, tiien. boxboif, chair, get-
 FORMER 152 FOX
out detemiiuate form irregular in sliape. Form''- : — rified form of a plant or animal in the strata of the
al, a. Pert, to the form, external appearance, or earth.
organization of a thing pert, to the constitution ; Foster, fos''ter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -teking.] To
of a thing, as disting. tr. tlie matter composing it; feed, nourish, support, rear up; to cherish, forward,
constitutive; essential; done in due form, or with promote the growth of, stimulate.
solemnity express according to form
; regular ; ; ; Fought. See Fight.
methodical; having tlie form without tli^ substance Foul, fowl, n, Co\'ered with or containing extraneous
or essence; dependent on form; conventional; pre- matter which is noxious or offensive nasty; im-
cise; stiff; prim. Formal'lty, -1-tT, ?i. Condition — pure morally defiled in origin or tendency ob-
;
;

or qualitj' of being formal, express, strictly cere- scene; scurrilous; cloudy or rainy; stormy; loath-
monious, precise, etc. form without substance ; ; some; hateful; unpiopitious not fair or advanta- ;

compliance with conventional rules ceremony ; ; geous; not conformed to the established rules of a
conventionality the formal part essence; an es- game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; cheat-
—
; ;

tablished order: usual and express method. For- ing; interfered with in motion by collision or en-
ma'tion, n. Act of giving form or shape to or of tanglement with anything entangled. r. t. : —
giving being to; manner in which a thing is formed; [FOULED (fovi-ld), foi'ling.] To make filthy, defile,
structure; construction. (G(:ol.) The series of rocks dirtj', soil ; to bring into collision with something
belonging to an age, period, or epoch. (Mil.) An
— that impedes motion to jostle, in a race. v. i. To —
—
;

arrangeuTent of troops, as in square, column, etc. become entangled or clogged. n. An entangle-

For'mula.-la, n. ; L. pi. -\.x., -le; E. pi. -las, -laz. A ment; collision.
prescrilied or set form established rule.
; For'mu- — Foulard, foo-liird'', v. A thin fabric of silk or silk-
late, V. t. To reduce to, or express in, a formula. cotton, for handkerchiefs and dresses.
For'^mnlize, I', t. [-lized (-lizd), -lizixg.] To for- Found, Foundling. See under Find.
mulate. Found, fowiid, v. t. To fix upon a basis, literal or
Former, Formerly. See under Foke. figurative to fix or establish firmly, to furnish ma-
:

Formidable, l6r''mY-da-bl, a. Exciting fear or appre- terials for beginning, begin to raise, build, institute.
hension terrible shocking tremendous.
; i_ ;
— Founda'^tion, 71. Act of founding, fixing, or es-
Fornicate, f6r'nX-kat, -Gated, a. Vaulted; arched. tablishing that upon which anything is founded;
;

For'nicate, v. r. To have unlawful sexual inter- groundwork ; base or underground part of a struc-
course. —
Fomica'tion, n. Incontinence or lewd- ture basis
; a donation, esp. for a charitable pur-
;

ness of an unmarried person; criminal conversation pose ; an errtlowment ; an endowed institution or

of a married man with an unmarried woman. cliarity.
Forray. See under Fohage. Found, fownd, v. t. To form by pouring metal into
Forsake, Forswear, etc. See under Forbear. a mold to cast. : —
Found'ery, -er-T, -ry, -rt, n. Art
Forsootli, lor-sooth'', udi\ In truth; in fact. of casting; works where metals are cast. Fount. —
Fort, fort, fortified place; fortress; for-
?i. (Iilil.) A Font, ?i. {Print.) A
properly assorted quantity of
tification. For'tress, n. — fortified place strong- A ; type of the same size, style, and age.
—
I

hold; fortified town; castle; citadel. For^tify, -tT-ti, Founder, fownd''er, v. V. [-eeed (-erd), -bring.]
V. t. r-FiED (-lid), -FYiXG.] To add strength to, {Naut.) To fill with water, and sink, as a ship; to
strengtnen to secure by forts, batteries, etc. For'- — fail, miscarrj'; to trip, fall, stumble and go lame, as
—
;

tiflca''tion, n. Act of, or that which, etc. esp. de- ahorse. r. t. To cause soreness in the feet or
fensive works; fortress; citadel; bulwark. For'ti- — ;

limbs of, so as to lame, said of a horse. —

n. (Far.) —
tude, -tud, M. Passive courage; resolute endurance; A lameness from inflanmiation in a horse's foot;
firmness in confronting danger. Forte, fort, n. The — inflammatory fever of the body, or rheumatism.
strong point; that in which one excels. Fount, Fountain, fownfin, n. spring or natural A
Forth, forth, adv. Forward; onward in time orin place; source of water an artificially produced jet or
;

out Jfrom a state of concealment, confinement, non- stream of water; structure in which such a jet or
development, etc.; beyond the boundary of a place; stream flows; origin; first cause. Font, ?i. foun- — A
abroad. —
Forth''-com''iiig, a. Readj^ to' come forth, tain, spring; a basin for water in baptism.
or appear; making appearance. Forthwith.'', -with' — Foxir, for, a. One more than 3, or one less than 5;
or -witii-', artv. Imniediatel}' without delay di- ; ; twice 2. n. The sum of 4 units; a symbol repre-
rectly. —
Further, fer^riier, a. compur. More remote; senting four units, as 4 or iv. Four''score, a. 4 times —
morein advance; farther; additional. adv. To a — 20; 8(). —
n. SOunits. [See Scoke.J Four'^square, a. —
greater distance moreover. v. t. [furthered
: — Having 4 sides and 4 equal
(-erd), -EKiNC;.] To help forward, promote, assist. angles. n. That which has,
— Fur'^thermore, adv. or conj. Moreover besides ; etc" ; a quadrangle. — Four''-
in addition to what has been said. Fur''thermost, — ;

way, Allowing passage

a.
a. Most remote; fui-thest. Fur'thest, a. superl. — in anj' one of 4 dii-ections.
Most remote farthest. adv. At the greatest dis-
; — —Fourth, a. Next following
tance. the 3d and preceding the
Fortieth. Fortnight, etc. See under ForR. 5th forming 1 of 4 parts <*
; I

Fortify, Fortitude, Fortress. See under Fort. into which a thing is di-
Fortune, fSr'chun, n. Chance accident luck for- vided. —
n. One of 4 equal
tuity; appointed 4ot in lite; fate; destiny; what be-
; ; ;

parts into j.vhich, etc. —

falls one; event; good or ill success; esp. favorable Four 'teen, -ten, w. The sum
issue estate
; possessions esp. large estate, great ; of 10 and 4; symbol repre-
wealth. — ;

r. i. To come casually to pass; to happen. senting this ntnnber, as 14

— For''ttinate, -nat, a. Coming by good luck au- or xiv. —
a. 4 and 10 more;
Four-way Cock,
—
;

spicious receiving some unexpected good lucky

; twice 7. Four'teenth, n.
—
; ;

successful; prosperous. Fortu'itous, -tu'T-tus, a. Succeeding the 13th and 6, to a, to steam-pipe ;

Happening hy chance occurring unexpectedly, or ; preceding the 1.3th; making: upper cj'linder ; c, to
without known cause accidental casual contin- ; ; ; one of 14 parts. 71. One of —
conderfser; t/, to lower
cvlinder.
gent incidental.-^ Fortu^ity, -I-tl, n. Accident;
; 14 equal parts. (J/».«.) The
chance casualty. ; octave of the 7th. —
Forfnight, h. The space of 14
Forty. See under Four. nights; 2 weeks. —
For'ty, -tT, a. 4 times 10: .39 and
Forum, fo^'rum, n. ; E. pi. -nuns, L. pi. -ra, -ra. A 1 added. n. The sum of 40 units symbol repre- :

market-place or public place in Rnme, where causes senting it, as 40 or xl. —

For'tieth, -tY-eth, a. Fol-
were judicially tried, and orations delivered. lowing the .3t)th; constituting 1 of 40 parts, n. One —
Forward, Forwardness, etc. See under Fore. of 40 equal parts.
Fosse, fos, n. (Fort.) ditch or moat. (Anat.) A A Fowl, fowl, 71. A
bird, esp. a large, edible bird.
non-articular depression in a bone, wider at the Fox, foks, 71. (Zo'61.) A predaceous animal of several
margin than at the bottom; one of variouslj^ sliaped species of the genus Vidpes, remarkable for cun-
cavities in the soft parts. Fos'sil, a. Dug out of — ning. A
sly, cunning fellow. (iVo«t) small A
the earth; pert, to, or like, fossils; petrified. n. — A strand of rope, made bj^ twisting rope-yarns. (Icth.)
substance dug from the earth. (Paleoii.) The pet- A fish; the dragonet. Along-tailed shark, found

Sm, fame, far, pass or onera. fdre ; end, eve, term ; In. ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — — —— — —

FRACAS 153 FREEZE

in temperate and tropical seas, a sovereign or government. The district to which
sea-ape, sea-fox, particular privilege extends asj'lum sanctuarv. —a
thrasher. v. t. — I

'
V. i.
;

[KRANCHiSED (-chizd), -cuisixG.] To make

;

[FOXED (fokst), free.

F o X X G .] To I , Frank, frank, n. One of the German tribes inhabiting
cover the feet of Franconia, who in the 5th century conquered Gaul
boots with new and established the kingdom of 1 ranee; an inhabi-
front upper tant of Western Europe; European, — a term used
leather. — v.
—
i.-^
*^
in the East; a franc, q. v.
To turn sour, Frantic, etc. Sec under Frexzy.
said of beer, Fraternal, fra-ter'nal, a. Pert, to brethren; becoming
etc., in ferment- brothers; brotherly. —
Frater'nity, -nl-tl, 7i. State
ing- or quality of being fraternal; brotherhood; a body
Fracas, fra'kas, of men associated for their common interest, busi-
n. An uproar ;
Common Fox ( Vulijes vuhjaris). ness, or pleasure; a brotherhood. Fraternize, fra'- —
disturbance ter- or fra-ter''niz, v. i. [-xized (-nizd), -xiziXG.]
Fraction, frak'^shun, «. A
portion; fragment. (Arith. To associate or hold close fellowship. Frat'ricide, —
or Al(/.) A division of a unit or wliolc number. Com- -rT-sid, n. The murder of a brother; one who kills
mon or i-ulijar fraction. One in wliich tlie number a brother.
of equal parts into wliich the integer is divided is Fraud, frawd, n. Deception deliberately practiced, to
indicated by figures or letters, called the denomi- gain an unfair advantage; a deceptive trick; guile;
nator, written below a line, over which is the nu- craft; stratagem; imposition; cheat. Fraud'olent, —
merator, indicating the number of these parts in- -u-lent, a. L'sing, containing, founded on, or pro-
cluded in the fraction, as 1, one-half; -^, two fifths. ceeding fr., fraud; obtained or performed by arti-
fice; trickish; cunning; cheating; insidious; unfaiir
— Decimal f. One in which the denominator is a knavish.
unit or 1 with ciphers annexed, —
commonlj'' ex- Fraught. See under Freight.
pressed by writing the numerator only with a point Fray, fra, n. ^ftray; broil; contest; combat. v. t.
= [FRAYED (frad), fraying.] To frighten, terrify.
= ^^^q--—
before it; thus, .5 live tenths, .25 j^; Fray, fra, n. A fret or chdfe in cloth. — v.
t. To ruD,
Frac'tional, -ary, -a-rt, o. Pert, to fractions; con- wear off by
rubbing, fret (cloth, etc.) v. i. To
stituting a fraction.— Frac'tioiis, -shus, rt. Apt to rub to_wear out easily by rubbing; to ravel.
;

break out into a passion; apt to fret; peevish: irrit- Freak, frek, n. A sudden, causeless change of mind;
able pettish. Frac'tiously, adv. — Frac'tious- — whim; caprice; sport.
ness, n.
;

—
Frac^'ture, -chiir, n. Act of breaking or Freak, frek, v. t. [freaked (frekt), feeakixg.] To
snapping asunder; rupture; breach. (Suiy.) The variegate, checker. —
Freckle, frek''l, n. yellow- A
breaking of a bone. (J/m.) The appearance of a
— ish spot in the skin; any small discoloration. v. t. —
freshlj'-broken surface, displaying its texture. v. [freckled (-Id), -LING.] To color with freckles or
t. [FR.\CTU1!ED (-churd), -TUKiNG.J To cause, etc.; small discolored spots; to spot. r. t. To become —
to break, crack.— Fra'g'ile, fraj'il, a. Easily broken; covered with freckles.
brittle; frail; liable to fail. Fragil'ity, -Y-tT, n. — Free, fre, a. [fre'er, fee'est.] Not under restraint,
State of being, etc. —
Frag''ment, ??. A part broken control, or compulsion; at liberty; not under arbi-
off detached portion.
;
—
Frag'mentary, -a-rT, a. trary government; enjoying political liberty; liber-
Composed of fragments broken up incomplete. ; ; ated, Dj' arriving at a certain age, from the control
Fragrant, fra'grant, a. Sweet of smell; having agree- of parents or master; released from arrest; capable
able perfume; odoriferous; balmy; spicy; aromatic. of voluntary activity clear of offense or crime un-
; ;

Frail, fral, a. Easily broken; fragile; liable to fail constrained"^ by timidity or distrust; unrestrained;
and perish; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm; of immoderate; not close or parsimonious; liberal; not
infirm virtue; weak in resolution. Frail'ty, -tl, n. — united or combined with anything else; at liberty to
Condition of being frail; weakness of resolution; li- escape ; exempt clear ; released; invested with a
;

ableness to be deceived a fault proceeding from ; freedom or franchise; not obstructed or appropri-
weakness; infirmity; failingj foible. ated; not gained by importunity or purchase; not
Frame, fram, v. t. [fe.\med (f ramd), fk.\ming.] {Carp.) arbitrary or despotic: assuring liberty. v.t. [freed
To construct, adjust and (fred), free'ixg.] To make free, set at libert}', dis-
put together, fabricate, 01 \\ w^v engage, clear; to keep free, exempt: to relieve from
make; to originate, devise,
y /
the constraint of. —
Free'dom, -dum, n. State of be-
invent or fabricate (some- ing free; exemption from control; liberty; particu-
thing false) to regulate, ; lar privileges; franchise immunity; improper fa-
;

shape, conform; to provide miliarity; license. —

Free'man, n.; pi. -men. One
with a frame, as a picture. who enjoys liberty; one not a slave or vassal; one
— n. Anything composed possessed of a peculiar privilege. Freed-'man, —
of parts fitted and united fred'-, n. One who has been a slave, and is freed.
together a fabric strnc-; ;
^ — Free^'hold, 7i. (Law.) An estate in real property,
tnre a case or structure for
: of inheritance or for life; the tenure by which it is
admitting, inclosing, o r Frame (Carp.), held. —
Free'holder, n. One owning, etc. Free'- —
supportiiig things, as that ah, a b, uprights or boot'er, n. One who wanders about for plunder; a
which contains a window, posts; e d, e d, struts, robber; pillager. —
Free'ma'son, -sn, n. One of a
door, picture, etc.; a sort ties, or braces. secret association, said to have been orig. composed
of loom; the bodily struc- of mcisona, now of persons united for mutual assist-
ture; make or build of a person; the skeleton; form; ance. — Free'ma'sonry, -sn-rl, n. Institutions or
constitution; system; regulated or adapted condi- practices of, etc. —
Free'stone, n. Stone composed
tion; particular state, as of the mind; humor. of sand or grit, —
easily cut. —
Free'thinker, n. One
Franc, frank, n. A
silver coin, orig. of France, equal who discards revelation; an unbeliever; skeptic.
to about 1!>J cents. Free'thinktng, a. Skeptical. n. Unbelief. —
Free'- —
Franchise, etc. See under Frank. born, a. Born free inneriting liberty.
; trade'', n.
Frank, frank, a. Free in uttering real sentiments; Commerce unrestricted by tariff regulations or cus-
not reserved; ingenuous; candid; open; sincere. toms duties ; free interchange of commodities. —
V. t. [FKAXKED
(frankt), frankixg.] To send by -trad'er^ jj. An advocate of, etc.
public conveyance free of expense; to exempt from Freeze, frez, v. i. [imp. froze; p.p. frozen; feeez-
charge for postage, —n. letter free of postage, or A i.xG.] To become congealed by cold; to be hardened
of charge for sending bj' mail; that which makes a into ice or a like solid body; to become chilled. v, —
letter free, as the signature of one possessing the To congeal, harden into ice; to cause loss of ani-
privilege. —
Fran'^chise, -chiz, n. constitutional A
t.
mation or life in, from lack of heat ; to chill. —
right or privilege, esp. the right to vote. {Law.} A Frost, friist, n. Act or state of freezing; severe cold?
privilege conferred upon individuals by grant from frozen dew, —
hoar-frost or white-frost. v. t. To —
sfin, cube, fuU; moon, fd6t; cow, oU; linger or ink, then, box box, chair, get.
 FREIGHT 154 FROM
cover with anything like hoar-frost, as cake with to a person, proceeding from intimate acquain-
Bugar. tance, or from favorable opinion of his estimable
Freight, frat, n. That with which anything is laden; qualities friendly relation or intimacy ; friendly
;

cargo; what is paid for transportation ot merchan- aid, otfice, or kindness.

dise. —
r. t. To load with goods, as a ship or vehicle. Frieze, frez, n. A
coarse woolen cloth with nap on
—
Fraught, frawt, a. Freighted; laden; stored. one side. —v. t. To make a nap on (cloth).
French, f rench, a. Pert, to 1 ranee or its inhabitants. Frieze, frez, n. {Arch.) That part of an entablature
—
n. The language of the people of France: collect- between the architrave and cornice.
ively, the people of France. French'man, n. ; pi. — Frigate, frig^'at, n. A
ship of war, larger than a cor-
-MEN. A
native or naturalized inhabitant of, etc. vette or sloop of war, and less than a ship of the
—
French'ify, -ti, v.t. [-fied (-lid), -fying.] To line.
make French, Gallicize. Fright, frit, n. A
passion excited by sudden danger ;
Frenzy, fren^'zl, n. Violent agitation of the mind ap- violent fear alarm terror consternation.
; ; v. t.
;
—
proaching to distraction; insanity; madness; rage; To alarm suddenly; with danger, affright, scare,
delirium. —
Fran-'tic, Frenet'^ic, -ical, Phrenet'ic, dismay, daunt. —
Fright''eii, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ex-
a. Mad; raving; noisy; wild. Fran^'tically, adv. — ING.] To fright. —
Fright'ful, -ful, a. Full of terror;
FrecLuent, fre'kwent, a. Happening at short intervals; alarmed; exciting alarm; terrible; dreadful; awful;
given to any course of conduct. Frequenf, v. t. — horrid; shocking.
To visit often, resort to habitually. — Fre'^quency, Frigid, frij''id, a. Cold; of low temperature; wanting
-st, n. Condition of returning frequently; occur- warmth, fervor, vivacity, etc. impotent. ;

rence often repeated. Frill, fril, n. Orig. the ruffling of a hawk's feathers
Fresco, fres'^ko, n. Coolness shade a method of ; ; when shivering with cold a ruflle (on clothes). ;
—
painting on walls on a freshly laid stucco- ground V. t. [frilled (frild), -ling.] To decorate with
of lime or gypsum. v. t. —
[frescoed (-kod), -go- frills. — V. i. To shake or shiver, as with cold.
ing.] To paint in fresco. Fringe, frinj, n. A
trimming consisting of hanging
Fresh, fresh, a. Possessed of original life and vigor; threads; a line of projecting objects along the edge
new and strong lately produced, gathered, or pre-
; of any place or thing a border confine. ; v. t. ; —
pared for market recently made in a raw, green,
; ;
[fringed (frinjd), fringing.] To adorn or border
or untried state renewed in vigor, or readiness for
; with fringe.
exertion tending to renew in vigor cool brisk; Frippery, frip-'per-i:, n. Old clothes ; cast dresses
;

not salt, as water or meat. —

n. A pool or spring of
; ;

second-hand finery; useless matter; place where old

fresh water an inundation freshet the mingling
; ; ; clothes are sold; traffic in old clothes.
. of fresh with salt water in rivers or bays. Fresh ''ly, — Frisexir. See under Friz
adv.— Fresh-'ness, n.— Fr6sh''eii, v. t. [-ened (-nd), Frisk, frisk, v. i. [frisked (friskt), frisking.] To
-ENING.] To make fresh, take saltness from any- leap, skip, dance, gambol. n. —
frolic; a fit of A
thing. {Naut.) To relieve, as by change of place, wanton gayety. —
Frisk^y, -t, a. Frolicsome.
or by renewing the material used to prevent chaf- Frit, frit, n. The material for glass or ceramic glaze,
ing. — To grow fresh, lose saltness, grow brisk
V. i. wholly or partially fuzed but not vitrified. v.t.
or strong. —
Fresh'et, n. A
flood in a river from To prepare (matenals for glass, etc.) by exposing to
rains or melted snow. heat. — Frit'ter, n. A
small pancake of fried bat-
Fret, fret, v. t. To wear away by friction, eat away, ter; a small piece of meat fried; a fragment; shred;
corrode, chafe to make rough, agitate, disturb to
; small piece. —
v. t. [frittered (-terd), -tering.]
tease, irritate, vex, make angry. v. i. To be worn — ;

To cut (meat) into small pieces for frying; to break

away or corroded; to chafe; to be agitated or vexed; into small fragments.
to utter peevish expressions. —n. Agitation vex- ;
Frith, frith. Firth, f erth, m. A
narrow arm of the sea;
ation agitation of the surface of a fluid, esp. by
; estuary; a kind Of weir for catching fish.
fermentation, pi. {Mining.) The worn sides of Frivolous, friv'o-lus, a. Of Uttle weight, worth, or
river banks, where ores accumulate. Frefful, -ful, — importance; given to trifling, or unbecoming levity;
a. Disposed to fret; peevish; cross. trivial; petty.— Friv'olousness, FrivoKity, -tT, n.
Fret, fret, v. t. To ornament with raised work, vari- Friz, Frizz, friz, v. t. [frizzed (frizd), -zing.] To
egate, diversify.— ?i. Herpes; tetter.— Fret '"work. n. form into small curls, as hair; to crisp; to form into
Work adorned with frets; ornamental open work in little burs, or knobs, as the nap of cloth. n. That —
wood, iron, or stone. which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled. Fri- —
Fret, fret, n. {Arch.) An ornament made of small seur, fre-zer'', n. A
hair-dresser. Friz''zle, v. t. —
fillets combined in geo- ,=^ [-ZLED (-zld), -ZLING.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to
metrical or other pat- friz! — Friz'^zler, n.
terns; a raised band or Fro. See under From.
an open slot. {Her.) A Frock, frok, n. An outer garment; esp. a loose, coarse
bearing composed of "^
bars crossed and inter- — garment worn by men over other clothes, or a gown
worn by women and children.
laced. {Mus.) wire A Fret, Frog, frog, n. (Zool.) A
well-known amphibious an-
on the finger board of a guitar or similar instrument, imal, with 4 feet, a naked body, and no tail. {Far.)
to guide the finger in playing. v.t. To furnish with — A tender, horny substance in the middle of a horse's
frets, as an instrument of music. foot, dividing into 2 branches, and running toward
Friable, fri'a^bl, a. Easily crumbled or pulverized. the heel in the form of a
Friar, fri''ar, n. {Rom. Caih. Ch.) member of any A fork. An oblong cloak-but-
religious order, esp. of a mendicant order. ton, swelled in the mid-
Fribble, frib'bl, a. Frivolous trifling silly. ».
; ; — A dle. {Railroads.) A trian-
frivolous fellow; a coxcomb; fop. v.i. To trifle. gular plate for the wheels
Fricassee, frik^'as-se'', n. A
dish made of fowls or where tracks cross at an Railroad Frog,
small anim^als cut into pieces, and stewed or fried. acute angle.
—
V. t. [FRICASSEED (-sedO) -SEEING.] To make a Frolic, f rol'ik, a. Full nf levit}^ or pranks gay merry. ;
.

fricassee of. — n. A wild prank flight of mirth scene of gay-

; ;
;

Friction, frik'shun, n. Act of rubbing one body ety; merry-making. —

v.i. [frolicked (-ikt), -ick-
against another; attrition; abrasion. {Mech.) The ING.] To play pranks, sport. Frol'icsome, -sum, —
effect of rubbing, or resistance which a moving body a. Sportive. —FroKicsomeness, ?i.
meets with from the surface on which it moves. From, irom, prep. Out of the neighborhood of lesgi- ;

Friday, fri''da, n. The 6th day of the week. ening proximity to leaving behind by reason of
; ; ;

Fried. See Fry. —

out of; by aid of, used to express departure, setting
Friend, frend, n. One attached to another by senti- out, commencement of action, being, state, occur-
ments of esteem, respect, and affection a well- rence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, sep-
wisher; an intimate associate one not an enemy ; a
;

aration, etc. Fro, adv.— From away back or ; ;

favorer; promoter; one of the religious sect usually

;

backward. — Fro'' ward, a. Unwilling to comply

called Quakers. v. t. —
To act as the friend of. with what is required perverse wayward re-
—
Friond'liness, n. —
Friend'ship, n. Attachment fractory.
; ; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, ffire ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tSne, 6r
 FROND 155 FUN
Frond, frond, n. (Bot.) The organ formed by the Fuchsia, fu'shd, n. {Bot.) A genus of flowerinr
union into one body of plants. Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.]
FFr.
stalks and leaves in cer- Fucus, fu'kus, n.; pi. -ci, -si. A paint; dye; false
tain plants, as ferns. show. {Bot.) A genus of sea-weeds of a tough,
Front, frunt, n. The fore- leather}' kind; sea-wrack, and other species.
head or brow the face; ; Fuddle, fud'dl, v. t. [-deed (;dld). -dling.] To
the countenance, as ex- ni.ike foolish by drink. v. i. —
To drink to excess.
pressive of character, tem-
Frond.
Fudge, fuj, «. A
made-up story; stuff; nonsense.
per, or disposition, esp. of Fuel, fu'el, n. Combustible matter, as wood, coal,
boldness of disposition, or of impudence the part ; peat, etc.; anything that feeds flame or excitement.
of anything directed forward position directly ; Fugacious, fu-ga'shus, a. Flying, or di.sposed to flv;
before the face of a person, or foremost part of a volatile. —
Fu'gitive, -jT-tiv, o. Apt to flee away;
thing a front-piece of hair worn b3' ladies.
; v. t. — liable to disappear: easily blown away or absorbed;
To oppose face to face, meet; to stand opposed or escaping from duty, service, danger, "etc.; unstable;
opposite, or over against; to adorn in front. v. i. volatile ; evanescent. n. —
One who flees from his
To stand foremost; to have the face or front toward station or duty, danger or punishment; a deserter;
an J' point of compass. a. Of, or relating to, —
the one hard to be caught or detained.— Fugue, fug,
forward part; having a position in front; foremost. n. {Mus.) A
musical composition in contrapuntal
— Front'ier, -er, n. That part of a country which style, in which a subject is proposed by one part,
fronts or faces another country or an unsettled re- and then responded to by the others, according to
gion; the boundary; border. o. Lj'ing on the ex- — certain rules.
terior part; bordering; contejminous; acquired on a Fugleman. Same as^FLUGELMAN.
frontier. — Front 'iapiece, -pes, n. That which pre- Fulcrum, fuKkrum, n. ; L.pl. -cra, -kra ; E. pi.
sents itself to the front view. {Arch.) The principal -CRUMS. A prop or support. _
face of a building. An illustration fronting the first {Mech.) The point about which
page of a book. a lever turns in lifting or mov-
Frost, Frozen, etc. See under Freeze. ing a body.
Froth, froth, n. A
collection of bubbles on liquids; Fulfill, FumUment. See under „ Fulcrum.
^^ ,
spume; foam; empty, senseless show of wit or elo- Full. ^^
quence; light, unsubstantial matter. r. t. [frothed — Fulgent, ful'jent, a. Exquisitely bright ; shining;
(frotht), FROTHiJfG.] To cause to foam, cover with dazzling; eitulgent. —
Ful-'gency, -si, re. Brightness;
froth. v.i. To throw up foam. Frotfy, -t, a. — splendor; glitter.
[FROTHIER, -lEST.] Full of, Or Consisting of, froth; Fuliginous, fu-lij'T-nus, a. Pert, to soot or smoke;
spumous ; foamy not fii-m or solid soft ; vain
; ; ; soot}'; dark; dusky; smoky.
empty; unsubstantial. Full, ful, a. Filled up; replete; having within it all
Frounce, frowns, v. t. [frounced (frownst), froux- that it can contain not empty or vacant abun-
; ;

ciXG.] To curl or frizzle about the face, as the dantly furnished or provided; sufficient; ample; not
hair. — n. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a mass of pim- wantmg in any essential quality complete per- ; ;

ples in a horse's or hawk's palate. fect. —

n. Complete measure; utmost extent. adv.
Frouzy, frow'zT, a. Fetid; musty; dim; cloudy. Quite; completely; exactly. —
v.i. To become fullv
Froward, etc. See under From. or wholly illuminated. —
Ful'ly, -IT, adiy. In full —
Frowey, frow'T, a. {Carp.) Working smoothly, or manner or degree; without lack; entirelv; clearlv.
without splitting, said of wood. — Fulfill, Fulfil, ful-fiK, V. t. [-filled (-fild'), -frill-
Frown, frown, v. i. [frowned (frownd), frowning.] ing.] To fill up, make full or complete; to accom-
To contract the brow, scowl, put on a stern, grim, plish or carry into effect, bring to pass, effectuate.
or surly look; to look on with disfavor, look threat- — Fulfill'ment, n. Accomplishment; completion;
ening, lower. —
V. t. To rebuke with a look. «. A — performance. —
Fulsome, fttKsum. a. Offending or
wrinkling of the brow in displeasure rebuke ; ;
disgusting by over-fullness, excess, obsequiousness,
sternness, etc.; expression of displeasure. or grossness.
Frowy, Frowzy. Same as Frouzy. Full, ful, V. t. [fulled (fuld), fulling.] To cleanse
Frugal, froo'gal, a. Economical in the use of re- and scour' (cloth); to niake compact, strengthen,
sources; sparing; saving.— Frugal''ity,-T-tT,n. Qual- and thicken (woolen cloth, etc.), by a felting pro-
ity of b^ing frugal; good husbandrj' or housewifery. cess, esp. in a mill; to thicken and diininish the size
Fruit, froot, n. Whatever is to tfb enjoyed, partaken of (underclothes, etc.), in washing. v. i. To be-
of, or made use of product result that part of —
come fulled or thickened. Full''er, n. Full''ery, —
plants which contains the seed esp. the juicy,
; ;

;
;

-er-t, n. Works where fulling is carried on. Full'- —

pulpy products of certain plants the produce of ing-miU, n. A
mill for fulling cloth; a machine for
animals; offspring; young. Fruifful, -ful, a. Full —
;

felting wool hats. —

FulKer's-earth, n. variety of A
of fruit; producing' fruit abundantly; fertile: pro- clay, used in cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the grease
lific; fecund; abundant; plenteous. Fruitfully, — .and oil used in prep_aring wool.
adv. — Fruiffulness, n. Fruifless, a. Not bearing — Fulminate, fuKniT-nat, v. i. To thunder, make a
fruit; productive of no advantage; barren; useless; loud, sudden noise, detonate, explode to issue de-
abortive idle profitless. Fruit 'lessly, adv. — — nunciation, thunder forth menaces. v. t. To cause —
;

Fruit''lessness, n.
;

—
Frui'tion, -ish''un, n. Use or to explode; to utter (denunciation or censure.) n. —
possession of anything, esp. accompanied with pleas- {Chern.) A compound which explodes by percus-
ure; gratificationj enjoyment. sion, friction, or heat.
Frustrate, frus''trat, v. t. To bring to nothing, pre- Fulsome, etc. See under Full.
vent from attaining a purpose: to make null or of Fulvid, fuKvid, Ful'vous, -vus, a. Tawny; dull yel-
no effect; to baffle, balk, nullify. —a. Vain; in- low, with a mixture of gray and brown.
effectual; useless; void. Fumble, fum''bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To feel
Frustum, frus'tum, n. ; pi. -TA,-ta, or -tums. iGeom.) or grope about to seek awkwardly to handle
The part of a solid next the much, turn over and over.
;

v. t. —
To" manage awk-
:

base, formed by cutting olf wardly, crowd or tumble together.

the top. Fume, fhm, n. Vapor or gas arising from combustion
Frutescent, froo-tes'sent, a. or chemical action, esp. noxious or offensive exhala-
{Bot.) Becoming shrubby, or tion; smoke; reek; anything unsubstantial or airy;
like a shrub. idle conceit. — v. i. [fumed (fumd), fuming.] To
Fry, fri, v.[fried (frid), fry-
t.
Frustums. smoke, throw off vapor, or exhalations; to pass off
ing.] To cook in a frying-pan in vapors; to be in a rage. v. t. —
To smoke, dry Jn
over the fire, as meat; to cook in boiling fat, as smoke; to disperse in vapor. —
Fu''migate, -mT-gat,
doughnuts. v. i. —
To be heated and agitated, as V. t. To apply smoke to, expose to smoke or disin-
meat in a frying-pan to ferment, foam, or dissolve fecting gas, as in cleansing infected apartments,
with heat. —
n. A dish of anything fried.
;

clothing, etc.; to perfume. —

Fumiga'tion, n. Act of
Fry, fri, n. A swarm or crowd, esp. of little fishes; a fumigating; vapor; scent raised by fire.
large number; young fishes or animals. Fun, fun, w. Sport merriment "frolicsome amuse-
; ;

sun, eiibe, full ; moon, idtt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 rUNCTION 156 FYKE
ment. —
Fun''ny, -nt, a. [-niee, -xiest.] Droll with proper goods, vessels, or ornamental append-
comical. ages. —
Fur'niture, -nt-chur, n. That which fur-
Function, funk'shun, n. Act of executing; perform- nishes, or with which anything is furnished or sup-
ance; peculiar or appointed action; natural or as- plied; whatever must be supplied to a house, room,
signed action. (3lath.) A
quantity so connected etc., to make it habitable or agreeable chattels ;

with another, that, if any alteration be made in the movables ; effects ; necessary appendages to any-
latter, there will be a consequent alteration in the thing, as to a machine, carriage, horse, etc. (Print.)
former,— the dependent quantity being called a, func- Pieces of wood or metal placed around the pages, to
tion of the other. —
Func'tional, a. Pert, to func- hold them in place in the chase.
tions; required by, or involved in, the appropriate Furrier, Furring, Furry, etc. See under Fur.
action. —
Fimc'tioiiary, -a-rl, n. One charged with Furrow, fur'^ro, n. A,trench in the earth made by a
the performance of a function; esp. a public official. plow; any trench, channel, or groove; a wrinkle on
Fund, fund, w. A
stock or capital; an invested sum the face. —
v. f. [furrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To
whose income is devoted to a specific object; a store cut a furrow in, plow; to mark with wrinkles.
laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a Further, Furtherance, etc. See under Forth.
supply, pi. The stock of a national debt; public se- Furtive, fer''tiv, a. Stolen; obtained or characterized
curities. —
V. t. To provide a fund for the paj^ment of
— by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy.
the interest of to place in a fund, as money.
; Fury, fu'rl, n. Violent passion; over-mastering agi-
Fund'^able, «. Capable of being funded or converted tation or enthusiasm; violent anger; extreme wrath.
into bonds.— Fun 'dament, n. The seat; part of the (3[ijtli.) A
goddess of vengeance. stormy, tur- A
body on which one sits; the buttocks; the orifice of
—
bulent, violent woman; virago; termagant. Fu''- —
the intestines anus. Fundanient''al, a. Pert, to
; rious, -rt-us, a. Transported with passion; rushing
the foundation or basis; essential, as an element, impetuously; moving violently: boisterous; raging;
principle, or law; elementary. mad; frantic; frenzied.
Funeral, fu'ner-al, n. The ceremony of burying a Furze, ferz, n. A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow
dead person; obsequies; burial; procession attend- flowers, common in Great Britain; gorse; whm.
ing the burial of the dead. —a. Pert, to burial; used Fuse, fuz, V. t. [fused (fuzd), fusing.] To liquefy
at the interment of the dead. —
Fune''real, a. Suit- by heat, dissolve, melt; to blend or unite. v. i. To —
ing a funeral; dismal. melt. —Fu'sible, -zt-bl, a. FusiblKity, n. —Fu'- —
Fungus, fun''gus, n. ; L. pZ. -Gi, -ji; E.pl. -GUSEs, -ez. gion, -zhun, n. Act or operation of melting, without
(^Bot.) An
acotyledonous the aid of a solvent; state of being melted; union of
or cryptogamous plant, such things into oneness, as if melted together.
as the mushrooms, toad- Fuse, fiiz, n. A tube filled with combustible matter,
stools, the microscopic used in blasting, discharging a shell, etc. Fusee'', —
plants which form mold, n. A tube or match; fuse; cigar-light; fusil. Fu'- —
mildew, smut, etc., and the sU, -zil, 71. A light musket or firelock. — Fu'^sillade,
minute vegetable parasites -lad, n. (Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of fire-
of animals also, excres-
; arms. —Fusillade', V. t. To shoot down by a simul-
cences on plants. (Med.) A taneous discharge. —Fusileer', -ier, -er'', n. (Mil.)
spongy, morbid growth or Formerly, a soldier armed
granulation in animal bod- with a fusil; now an infan-
ies proud-flesh.
; Fun'- — *% try soldier wearing a bear-
gous, -gus, a. Like fungus; skin cap like a grenadier's.
excrescent growing sud-
; Fusee, fu-ze'', n. The conical
denly, but not substantial. wheel of a watch or clock, ±usee.
Funnel, f uu^nel, n. n in- A designed to equalize the power of the mainspring.—
verted hollow cone with a Fu'bU, -zil, n. (Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal or
pipe a tunnel stove-pipe;
; ;

Fungi.
spindle-shapedfigure. —
Fu'siform, a. (Bot.) Spin-
steamship's chimney. dle-shaped; tapering at each end.
Funny. See under Fun. 1, Agaricus comatus. Fusel, fu'sel. Fusel oil, »i. (Chem.) An acrid, oily
Fur, fSr, n. The short, fine, 2, Boletus edulis. alcohol, nauseous and poisonous.
soft hair of certain animals, 3, Morchella esculenta.
Fuss, fus, w. A tumult; bustle; annoying ado. v.i.
skins of wild animals with the fur peltry any [fussed (fust), FUSSING.] To make a bustle or ado.
coating resembling fur, as a coat of morbid matter
; ;

— Fuss-'y, -1, a. [-ier, -iest.] Making a fuss, or

—
on the tongue in fever. v. t. [furred (f erd), fur- unnecessary ado about trifles. Fuss''inesB, n. —
ring.] To line, face, or cover with fur; to cover Fust, fust, n. A strong, mufjty smell: mustiness.
with morbid matter, as the tongue. (Arch.) To nail Fusfy, -1, a. [-ier, -iest.] Moldy; rank; rancid.
strips of board upon, as a foundation for lathing.— Fustian, fust-'yan, n. A coarse twilled cotton stuff,
Fur'rier, -rl-er, n. A
dealer in furs. — Fur'^riery, -X, including corduroy, velveteen, etc. an inflated
n. Furs collectively; trade in furs. — Fur-'ring, «. style of writing; bombast. —
a. Made of fustian;
;

(Carp.) The nailing on of strips, preliminary to pompous; turgid; inflated; bombastic.

lathing; the strips. —
Fur^ry, -rl, rt. Covered with, Futile, fu''til, a. Of no weight or importance; an-
or consisting of, fur. swering no purpose; failing of the designed effect;
Furbelow, f er''be-lo, n. A
puckered flounce ; plaited useless; vain; trifling. — Futil'lty, -I-tt, n. Want of
border of a gown or petticoat. v. t. [furbelowed — importance or effect; uselessness.
(-lod), -LOWIXG.] To put a furbelow on. Futtock, fuftok, n. (Naut.) One of the timbers
Furbish, fer'bish, v. t. [-bished (-bisht), -bishing.] which are scarfed together to form a
To rub or scour to brightness; to polish. rib of a vessel.— Futtock-plates. (Naut.)
Furcate, fer'kat, -cated, a. Forked; branching like Plates of iron in a top, to which the
the prongs of a fork. dead-eyes are secured. F.-shrouds. —
Furious, etc. See under Foey. Small shrouds beneath a top. \

Furl, ferl, v. t. [fueled (ferld), furling.] To wrap Future, fu-'chur, a. About to be; liable
or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, cTr mast to ; to be or come hereafter. —ri. Time to
gather into close compass. come; time subsequent to the present.
Furlong, fer-'long, n. The 8th of a mile. — Futu'rity, -tu''rt-tt, ?i. The state of
Furlough, ler'lo, n. (Mil.) Leave of absence esp. being yet to come; future time; time to
leave to be absent from service for a certain time.
;

— come; the future; a future event.

V. t. [furloughed (-lod), -loughing.] To grant Fuze, n. See Fuse.
leave of absence, as to an officer or soldier. Fuzz, fuz, V. i. [fuzzed (fuzd), -zing.]
Furnace, fer^'nas, n. An inclosed place where a hot fire To fly off in minute particles.— w. Fine, Futtock.
is maintained, as for melting ores, warming a house, light particles; loose, volatile matter. cm, dead-eyes;
baking bread, etc. Fy. Same as Fie. ib, futtock-
Furnish, fer''nish, i\ t. [-xished (-nisht), -nishing.] Fyke, fik, n. A
long bag-net distended plates
futtock
- ;

To supply with anything necessary or useful, pro- by hoops, into which fisli can pass, but
shrouds.
vide, equip; to offer for use, afford; to fit up, supply not return.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Bdd, tone, 6r
 — , ——

G 157 GALLIC

G.
Cr, je, the 7th letter in the English alphabet, has 2 \
Gait. See under Gate.
sounds: one simple (called the hard sound, repre- '

Gaiter, ga'ter, n. A
covering for the ankle, fitting
sented in the phonetic re-sg.ellin<;s in this vocabu- down upon the shoe a kind of shoe, chiefly of
:

larj^ by gr), the other compound (represented cloth, covering the ankle.
by./)- (J/ws.) G is the name of the oth tone Gala, ga'la, n. Pomp, show, or festivity.
of tne natural or model scale, called also sol. — Galactometer, gal'ak-tonT'e-ter, n. An instrument to
It was also orig. used as the treble clef, and ascertain thequality of milk, by indicating its spe-
has changed into the character represented in cific gravity a lactometer.
; Gal'asy, -aks-T, n. —
the margin. Gft (G sharp) is a tone interme- (Astron.) 'rhe Milky Way. An assemblage of splen-
diate between G and A. did persons or things.
Gab, gab, n. The mouth idle prate loquacity. ; v. ; — Gale, gal, n. A
wind between a stiff breeze and a
i. [GABBED (gabd), GABBiXG.J To talk idlv, prate: tempest; a breeze; a state of excitement or passion.
to impose upon one; to lie. — Gab'ble, r. i' [-bled — v.i. (Xaut.) To sail fast.
(-bid), -BLIXG.] To talk Galeas. See uiider Galley.
noisily, rapidly, and idly, or Galeate, ga'le-at, -ated, a. Covered, as with a hel-
without meaning ; to jab- met. (Bot.) Having a flower like
ber, babble, chatter ; to utter a helmet.
inarticulate sounds, cackle. Galena, ga-lc'na,, n. Sulphuret of
— n. Loud or rapid talk lead; the principal ore from Avhich
without meaning inarticu- ; lead is extracted.
late rapid soun'ds, as of Gall, gawl, n. (Phnsiol.) The bitter,
fowls. —
Gab 'bier ,_n. alkaline, greenish-yellow liquid in
Gabardine, gab'ar-den', n. A the gall-bladder hile. Anything;

loose upper garment. bitter; spite; malignity. Gall '- —

Gabion, ga''bl-un, n. (Fort.) blad'der, M. (Anat.) A pear-shaped
A wicker cj'linder tilled Gabion, membranous sac, on t h e under
with earth, for constructin parapets and tempora- side of the liver, containing gall.
ry defenses. Gall, gawl, G. nut, n. vegetable A
Gable, ga'bl, n. (Arch.) The vertical triangular por- excrescence produced by an insect
tion of the end of a house, from in the bark or leaves of plants, as
the eaves to the top; the end of the oak-apple, etc., —
used in dye- Oalertp
^^ieate rnrnll-T
uoroUa.
a house. ing, making ink, etc.- Gall'-fly, n.
Gad, gad, n. The point of a spear; —
The insect which, etc. Gallic, gaKlik, a. (Chem.)
arrow-head; goad; wedge or in- Pert. to. or derived from, galls.
got of iron or steel. v. i. To — Gall, gawl, V. t. [GALLED (gawld), galling.] To
rove or ramble idly.— Gad^'der, fret and wear away by friction ; to excoriate,
Gad'-about'. n. One who roves chafe; to tease, vex, chagrin; to harass, aunoy. n.
idly. —
Gad'fly, n. An insect A wound in the skin from rubbing.
which stings cattle, d e- and Gallant, gaKlant, a. Showy; splendid; magnificent;
Eosits eggs in their skin;
its gay; noble in bearing or spirit: heroic; courageous;
ot-fly; breeze-fly. brave. —
Gallant', n. A
gav, courtly, or fashionable
Gael, gal, n. sing. ScpL Scotch A man one attentive to ladies one who wooes ; a
Highlander of Celtic origin; an Gable.
;

lover; suitor. —
a. Attentive to ladies. v. t. To
;

—
Irish Celt. —
Gaelic, ga'Tik, a. Pert, to the Gael. — attend or wait on (a lady). —
GaKlantly, adv. In a
n. The language of the Higlilanders of Scotland. gallant manner, spirit, or bearing; gayly; noblv;
GaS, gaf, n. A
harpoon; an iroii hook on a handle, bravely. Gallant'ly, «rfi'. In a polite or courtly
for landing large fish. (Xaut.) A boom or yard, manner. —
Gal^lantness, ». Gayety nobleness ; ;

extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail. See bravery.— Gal'lantry, -rX, ?s. BraVery; intrepidity;
Ship. —
v. t. To strike or take with a gaff. attention to ladies; intrigue. Galloon, -loon', n. — A
Gag, gag, r. t. [gagged (gagd), gagging.] To stop narrow woven fabric of cotton, woolen, silk, etc.,
the mouth of, Dy thrusting in something, to hinder for binding garments, hats, shoes, etc.
speaking: to silence; to cause to heave with nausea. Galleass, Galleon. See under Galley.
— V. i. To heave with nausea. n. Something — Gallery, gal'ler-t, w. A long and narrow corridor, or
thrust into the mouth to hinder speaking; a speech connecting passage-way a room for exhibiting
;

interpolated by an actor in his part as written. works of art; a collection of paintings, sculptures,
Gage, gaj, «. A pledge or pawn; securitj'^; something etc.; a platform on tlie interior sides of a building,
thrown down as a challenge to combat, as a glove", supported b}^ brackets or columns, (jyavt.^ A fraine
gauntlet, etc. r. ?. —
[gaged (gajd), gagixg.^ To like a balcony, projecting from a ship's quarter.
bind by pledge, caution, or security; to engage. Galley, gaKlT,'?;. pi. -leys, -liz. (Xant.)
,• low, A
Gage, n. A measure. See Gauge. flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with
Gaiety,_Gaily. Same as Gayetv, etc. See under Gay. sails and oars: a light open boat; the cook-room of
Gain, gan, v. t. [gained (gand), gaixixg.] To get, a ship. (Cheni.) An oblong reverberatory furnace,
as a profit or advantage; to acquire, win; to be suc- with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through
cessful in; to win to one's side, conciliate; to reach, lateral openings. ( Print.) A frame or tniy for.receiv-
attain to, arrive at. r. i. —
To have advantage or ing type from the composing-stick. Gal'ley-slave, —
profit; to grow rich: advance in happiness, etc. ?i. — n. Oiie condemned to work at the oar on a galley.
Thing gained; profit; advantage benefit; acquisi- ; Gal'eas, GaKleass, -liass, n. A
vessel larger than a
tion. —
Gain'fal, -ful, a. Producing profit, advan-
—
galley, and resembling a galleon, formerly used by
—
tage, or wealth: advantageous; lucrative. Gain'- the Spaniards and Venetians. GaKiot, GaKliot, n.
ftilly, rt'fv. —
Gain'fulness, 7i. Gain'less, a. Un- — A small galley a brigantine, built for chase a Dutch
; ;

profitable. vessel,with main and mizzen masts and a large gaff

Gain, gan, n. (Arch.) A beveled shoulder of a bind- main-sail. —
Gal'leon, n. A large ship, with 3 or 4
ing joist, to give resistance to the tenon bejow. decks, formerly used by the Spaniards in war and
Gainsay, gan-sa' or gan'sa, v. t. [-said (-sad), -say- commerce.
IXG.] To contradict, oppose in words. Gallic, gaKlik, -lican, a. Pert, to Gaul or France. —
Gairish, Garish, gar'ish, CI. Gaudy; showy; affected- Gal'licism, -11-sizm, ri. A
mode of speech peculiar
ly fine; extravagantly gay; flighty. to the French. —
Gal'licanism, ?i. The principles of

slin, cube, full ; moon, f(36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 GALLIUM 158 GARMENT
the Galilean church, or Roman Catholic church In ored. — w. t. To mortify. v. t. To become morti- —
France, —
esp. of those within that church who seek fied or putrescent; to lose vitality.
to maintain its national position against papal en- Gannet, gan'net, n. The Solan goose, a sea-fowl al-
—
croachments, opp. to ultramoi/tanism. 6al''licize, — lied to the pelican.
-slz,v.t. [-CIZED (-sizd), -ciziNG.J To render con- Gantlet, gaut'let, -lope,
formable to the French idiom or language. -lop, n. A
military or
OaUium, gal'lT-um, 71. (Cheni.) A silver-white, hard naval punishment in
metal, somewhat malleable, melting at 80" Fahr. which the offender runs
Gallon, gaKlun, n. A measure of capacity 4 quarts. ^ between 2 files of men
Oalloon. See under Gallant. facing one another, who
Gallop, gaKlup, r. i. [-loped (-lupt), -loping. J To strike_hini as he passes.
run with leaps or bounds, as a horse; to move very Gaol, jal. Gaoler. See
rapidly. —
w. A mode of running by a quadruped, Jail.
by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet Gap, gap, n. An opening
together, in successive bounds.— GaKlopade, -ad, n. in anything made by
A kind of dance; music appropriate tc it. Gallop- — breaking or parting; an
ade'', V. i. To perfonnthis dance. opening for passage or
Gallows, gaKlus or gaKloz, n. sing. ; pi. -lowseS. An entrance; hiatus; an
instrument of execution, consisting of 2 posts and a opening which is irrep- Gannet.
cross-beam on the top, from which a criminal is sus- arable. —
Gape, gap, in Eng. pron. gap, v. i. [gaped
pended by a rope round his neck; a like instrument (gapt^, gaping.] To open the mouth wide, as, ex-
for suspending anything, pi. A pair of shspenders pressing desire for food; or indicating sleepiness, in-
or braces. difference, dullness; or showing surprise, astonish-
Gaily. See Galley. ment, expectation, etc.; or manifesting a desire to
Galoot, garloot', n. A
noisy, riotous fellow ; rowdy. injure, devour, or overcome; to open as a gap; to
[Slang. U. S.J gaze, stare, yawn. —
n. The act of gaping.
Galvanic, gal-van'ik, a. Pert, to, containing, or ex- Gar, gar, Gar'fish, n. A
slender sea-fish of the pike
hibiting, galvan- family, having a long, pointed head one of similar ;

ism. [Ft. Gal- form, with rhombic scales, found in fresh waters.
vani, of Bologna, Garagei ga-razh'', v. A
place where motor vehicles are
who invented his housed and cared for.
battery in 1791. J Garb, Clothing; esp. official dress; fashion, or
giirb, n.
Galvanic battery. mode of dress; exterior appearance; looks.
An apparatus of Garbage, gar^'bej, n. Refuse parts of flesh; offal; any
metals, acids, worthless or offensive matter.
etc., for generat- Garble, gar'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To sift
ing galvanism.— D 4i or bolt; to pick out such parts of as may serve a pur-
Gal-^vanism, va- Galvanic Battery, pose; to mutilate, corrupt.
nizm, n. Electricity developed by chemical action Garden, gar'dn, n. A piece of ground for cultivating
between different substances without the aid of fric- flowers, or vegetables, etc.; a rich, well-cultivated
tion; science of galvanic electricity. Gal'vanist, n. — spot or tract of country. v. i. —
[-dened (-dnd),
—
One versed in galvanism. GaFvanize, v. t. [-ized -dening.] To lay out or labor in a garden. — Gar'-
(-izd), -iziNG.] To affect with galvanism; to plate dener, -dn-er, n.
with metal, by means of galvanism; to restore to Gargle, gar-'gl, w. t. T-gled (-gld), -gling.] To wash
consciousness by galvanic action. or rinse (trie mouth or throat); esp. to hold a me-
Gamble, Gambler^ See under Game. dicinal preparation suspended and agitated in the
Gamboge, gam-booj' or -boj', n. concrete vegeta- A throat. —
M. A
liquid preparation for washing the
—
ble juice, or gum-resin, of reddish-yellow color, pro- mouth and throat.
duced by trees, and used as a pigment. Gar'goyle, g o i 1 n. •
,

Gambol, gam'bol, v. i. [-boled (-bold), -bolino-I To (Arch.) A projecting

dance about in sport to frisk. ; n. A skipping — water-spout, carved
about in frolic; a hop. Gam'^mon, n.— hog's thigh, A grotesquely.
pickled and smoked or dried; a smoked ham. v. t. — Garish. See Gaieish.
To make bacon of. (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit Garland, gar'land. n. A
to the stem of a ship). wreath or chaplet of
Game, gam, n. Sport of any kind; jest; frolic a con- ; branches, flowers, „ ,

trivance, arrangement, or institution, furnishing feathers, etc.; a coro- t-rargoyie.

sport or amusement use of such a game a sinajle
; ; nal; the top; principal thing; thing most prized; a
match at play; contest; thing gained, as the stake collection of little printed pieces ; an anthology.
in a game animals pursued by sportsmen scheme
; ; (Naut.) A
bag, used by sailors to keep provisions
fiursued; plan project. ;
—
a. Ready to fight, to the in; a ring of rope lashed on a mast. w. t. To deck —
ast, like a game-cock brave resolute pert, to
; ; with a garland.
those animals hunted for game. v. i. [gamed — ;

Garlic, gar-'.lik, n. A
garden plant, allied to the onion,
(gamd), gaming.] To play at any sport; to play for having a bulbous root, strong smell, and acrid taste.
a stake or prize; to gamble.— Gam'mon,?*. An impo- Garment, gar'ment, n. Any article of clothing. —
sition, hoax, humbug; the game of back gammon. Gar'nish, v. t. [-nished (-nisht), -nishing.] To
V. t. To beat in back gammon by removing all one's adorn, embellish to furnish, as a fort with troops.
;

counters before one's antagonist has removed any (Law.) To warn, give notice to. n. Decoration;
impose on by improbabte stories to humbug. —
;

to ; ornament; also, garments, esp. showy ones. (Cook-

Gam'ble, V. ?. [-bled (-bid), bling.J To play or c?/.) Something set round a dish as an embellish-
game for stakes. — Gam^bler, n. ment. In jails, fetters also an entrance-fee de-
Gamin, ga-maN'', n. A neglected city boy. manded by old prisoners of one just committed.
;

—
Gammon (of bacon). See under Gambol. —Humbug. Gar'nishee'', n. (Law.) One in whose hands the
See under Game. property of another has been attached a trustee. ;

Gamut, gam''ut, w. (3Ius.) The scale. — Gar'nishment, M. Ornament; decoration. (Law.)

Gander, gan-'der, n. The male of the goose. Legal notice to appear and give information to the
Gang, gang, n. A number going in company; a com- court on any matter; warning to a person, in whose
pany, esp. of disreputable persons; a squad of work- hands the effects of another are attached, not to
men; a labor-saving combination of similar imple- pay money or deliver goods, but to appear in court
ments. (Mining.) A gangue.— Gangne, gang, n. The and give information as garnishee. A fee.— Gar'ni-
mineral substance inclosing metallic ore in the vein. tiire, -nT-chur, n. That which garnishes; embellish-
Ganglion, gan'glT-un, ?i. A collection of nerve cells, ment. —Garrison, gSr^rT-sn, n. (Mil.) A body of
giving otf nerve fibers. troops in a fort or fortified town, to defend it or to
Gangrene, gan'gren, n. (3Ip.d.) The fi.rst stage of repress the inhabitants a strong place, in which
;

mortification of flesh, in which it becomes discol- troops are quartered for its security. v.t. [gar- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare j 6nd, eve, term ; tn, ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 ; — —
;

GARNER 159 GELATINE

RisoxED (-snd), -soxiNG.] To place troops in (a ! tances, dimensions, or capacity; a standard of any
fortress, etc.) for its defense ; to defend by for- i
kind; estimate. (Physics.) Apparatus for determin-
tresses manned with troops. ing at any moment the state, or volume, or pressure
A
I

Gamer, gar'ner, n. granary ; place wherein grain of a fluctuating object, as water, steam, etc. {Xaut.)
is stored. —v. t. [gakneked (-nerd), -xeeixg.] Position with reference to a vessel and to the wind;
To store in a granary. the depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. The
Garnet, gar''net, n. (Jlin.) A
mineral of a deep-red distance between the rails of a railroad. [When the
color. (Xuut.) A
tackle to hoist the cargo. gauge is 4 ft. Si in. it is called standard gauge ; when
Gamisb, Garrison, etc.See under Garment. less, nai-row 'i/auge.] (Pkintrring.) The quantity
Garret, ^ar'ret, n. That part of a house on the upper of plaster of Paris used with common piaster to
floor, immediately under the roof; an attic. hasten its setting: the composition used in finishing
Garrote, gar-rot', n. A
Spanish mode of execution by plastered ceilings, etc.
strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post Gaunt, giint, a. Lean meager pinched and grim.; :

and tightened by a screw; instrument bj' which the Gauntlet, giinflet, n. A glove with plates of metal
punishment is inflicted. —
v. t. [gaekoted -rot- ; on the back, worn as defensive armor;
iNG.] To strangle with the garrote to seize by the ; a long glove, covering the wrist.
throat from behind, to strangle and rob. Gauze, gawz, n. A
very thin, transparent
Garmlous, gar'roo-lus, a. Indulging in long, prosy stuff, of silk, linen, cotton,
talk, with repetition and excessive detail; loqua- wire, etc. — Gauz'y, -T, a.
cious. — Garru'lity, -ll-tlvn. Quality of being, etc. Pert, to, like, or thin as
Garter, gar''ter, n. A band to hold up a stocking on gauze. "
the leg; the badge of the highest order of knighthood Gave. See Give.
in Great Britain: the order itself. i'. i. —
[gartered Gavel, gav'el, n. small A
Gauntlet.
(-terd), -tertxg.] To bind with a garter; to invest heap of grain, not tied up;
with the order of the Garter. the mallet of a presiding officer.
Gas, gas or gaz, 7i. An aeriform elastic fluid illumi- ; Gavelkind, gav'el-kTnd, n. (O. £nfj. Law.) tenure A
, nating gas, — a mixture of carbureted hydrogen and by whichland descended from the father to all his
oleflant gas or bi-carbureted hydrogen, obtained by sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
distillation of coal. —
Gaseous," gaz^'e-us or ga'zhus, dying without issue, descended equally to his
a. In the form of gas, or an aeriform fluid; lacking brothers.
substance or solidity; tenuous. —Gassy, gas'sl, a. Gawk, gawk, n.
.

A
cuckoo a simpleton booby. ; ;
—
Full of gas; inflated; full of ambitious or deceitful Gawk''y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Foolish and awkward;
talk. — Gas'ily, v. t. [-fied Giid), -fyixg.] To con- clumsj' and clownish. n. A fellow awkward from
vert into gas. —Gas'^olene, -len, -line, -lin, n. A high- being overgrown, or from stupidity.
ly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained Gay, ga, a. Excited with delight merry gleeful ;'
;

from petroleum, also by distillation of bituminous sprightly jolly jovial having many or showy
— —
; ; ;

coal. Ga,som'eter_^ gaz-, n. A

gas-holder. colors 'dissipated loose lewd.
; Gayety, Gaiety,
; ;

Gasconade, gas-kon-ad', n. A
Doast or boa.sting ga'e-tt, ?i. State of being gaj^; merriment; acts or
vaunt; bravado. —
v. i. To boast, brag, bluster. entertainments prompted by", or inspiring, merry
Gash, gash, v. t. [gashed (gasht), gashing.] To make delight, —
used often in pi."; finery; show; jollity.
a long, deep incision in. n. — A
deep- and long cut. — Gayly, Gaily, ga-'lT, adv.
Gasket, gas'ket, n. (^yaut.) A flat, plaited cord to furl Gaze, gaz, v. i. [gazed (gazd), gazing.] To fix the
the sail, or tie it to the yard. {Mech.) Platted hemp eyes in a steady and earnest look ; to gape, stare.
to pack pistons, as of steam-engines and pumps; any n. A fixed look a look of eagerness, wonder, or
;

ring or washer of packing. admiration ; object gazed on.

Gasp, gasp, v. i. [gasped (gaspt), gasping.] To labor Gazelle^ ga-zeK, n. A
small antelope of Asia and N.
for breath, respire convulsivelj^ or violently to Africa, remarkable for
—
;

pant with eagerness. v. t. To emit with gaspings. its swiftness, elegant

— n. A labored respiration; coiivulsive opening of form, and the soft luster
the mouth for breath. of its eyes.
Gastric, gas'trik, a. (Anaf.) Pert, to the stomach. Gazette, ga-zet', m. A
— Gastri'tis, w. {Med.) Inflammation of the stomach. newspaper; esp., an of-
— Gas'teropod, n. (Zoiil.) A molluscous animal (as ficial journal. — r. t. To
the snail), having a muscular ventral disk, which announce or publish in
serves in place of feet. —
Gastron'omy, -niT, n. Art a gazette, or officially.
or science of good eating epicurism. ; Gastron'- — — Gaz'etteer'', -ter', n.
omer, n. One fond of good living an ci)icure A writer of news offi-
—
; ; ;

glutton. Gastronom''ic, -leal, a. Pert, to, etc. cer who

publishes news
Gate, gat, n. A passage-way in the wall of a city, field, b}^ authority: a geo-
edifice, etc.; a movable barrier closing an opening in graphical dictionary ;

a fence or wall or placed across a road; a frame stop- alphabetical descrip- „ „

ping the passage of water through a danj, lock, etc.; five list.
Gazelle.
an avenue; means of entrance. Gait, gat, 7)^ Walk; — Gear, ger, n. Manufactured stuff or material; goods;
march; way; manner of walking or stepping. clothing ; ornaments dress; horse-trappings.
;

Gather, gatii'er, r. t [-ERED(-erd),-ERiNG.] lo bring {Mack.) A

toothed wheel, or toothed wheels col-
together, collect, assemble; to harvest, pick, pluck; lectivelj'; connection of toothed wheels with each
to amass in large quantity or numbers to make other; gearing. v. t. —
[geared Cgerd), geaeixg.]
compact, consolidate to dVaw together (a piece of
;
;

To dress, put on gear, harness. Grear^ing, n. Har- —

cloth, by a thread), pucker, plait to derive, as an
; ness. (JIach.) Parts bj' which mo-
inference; to infer, conclude. w. i. —
To come to- tion communicated to one portion
gether, congregate; to increase; to come to a head, of a machine is transmitted to an-
as a sore; to draw an inference. —
n. A plait or other, considered collectively esp., :

fold in cloth, made bv drawing the thread through a train of wheels for transmitting
it. — Gath'ering, n. That gathered or brought to- and varying motion.
gether, as a crowd, assembly a tumor, suppurated ; Gee, je, v. t. [geed (jed), geeing.]
or maturated; an abscess. To turn to the off-side, or from the
Gaucherle, gosh're, n. Awkwardness blundering. ; driver (t. e., in the U. S., to the right
Gaud, gawd, n. A piece of worthless finery; a trinket. side), said of cattle, or a team.
— Gaud'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Ostentatiously fine. Gelatine, jeKa-tin, n. (CJiem.) An 5, Cparir^fr
Gauffer, gawffer, v. t. To plait, crimp, or flute; to animal substance which dissolves '-Pur «J-earing.
goffer, as lace. in hot water, and forms a jelly on cooling; animal
Gauge, Gage, gaj, v. t. [gauged (gajd), gauging.] To jelly. Glue and isinglass are "forms of gelatine. —
measure or ascertain the contents of, as of a pipe, Gelatinate, je-lat'l-nat, v. t. To convert into gela-
hogshead, etc. to measure the capacity or ability
; tine, or a jellv-like substance.
— v. i. To be con- —
of; estimate. —w. An instrument to determine dis- verted, etc. "Grelat'ina'tion, H. Act or process of.

Btin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 QELD 160 GEOCENTRIC
etc. — Gelaf^inize, v. t.
—
tilled from grain, and flavored with juniper-berries
or i. [-^"ized (-mzd), -nizi^tg.]
'

Same as Gelatinate. Gelafinous, -nus, a. Of

or oil of turpentine; gin; Hollands; schiedam.
the nature and consistence of gelatine — i

Genial, jc'nl-al or jen'yal, a.

; viscous. Contributing to, or
GeKly, -IT, n. Jelly. concerned in, propagation or production genera- ;

Creld, geld, v. t. To castrate, emasculate; to deprive of, tive kindly ; sympathetically cheerful.
;

anything essential; to deprive of anything excep- Genie, je''nT, n. One of a fabulous class of beings, re-
tionable, expurgate. —
Geld'ing, n. Act jaf castrat- garded by the Arabians as intermediate between
ing; a castratedanimal, esp. a horse. angels and men, created of fire, and capable of as-
Crem, jem. n. (Bot.) bud. A A
precious stone, esp. suming any form, or of becoming invisible, at pleas-
when cut and poUshed for ornament; a jewel; any- ure. [See Jinxee.] ,
thing beautiful, rare, or costly. v. t. —
[gemmed Genital, ien'TC-tal, a. Pert, to generation. Gen''italB, —
(jenid), -MiXG.] To adorn or embellish, as with gems. n. pil. The sexual organs; the privates. Gen-'itor, n. —
— Gem'' mate, -mat, a. Having buds; reproducing by One who procreates; a sire; father. Gen'^itive, -tiv, —
buds. —
Gemma'tion, n. (iVat. Hist.) Formation of a n. (Gram.) A
case in the declension of nouns, ex-
new individual by the protrusion of part of an ani- pressing the relations expressed in English by of. —
mal or plant, whether it becomes free or remains con- a. Pert, to, or indicating, source, origin, possession,
nected with the parent stalk. (Bot.) The arrange- etc. —
Genitl'^val, a. Of the form of, or pert, to, the
ment of buds on the stalk. The period of expan- genitive case.
sion of buds. Genius, jen'yus, n. ; pi. -iuses, -yus-ez. The peculiar
Gendarme, zhoN'-darm', n. ; pi. Gexs-d'armes or structure of mind with which each individual is en-
Gexdakmes, same pron. An armed policeman. dowed by nature; special taste, inclination, or dispo-
Gender, jeu'^der, «. Sex, male or female. (Gram.) A
sition; distinguished mental superiority; esp. supe-
difference in words to express distinction of sex. —
rior power of invention or origination of any kind;
V. t. [GENDEEED (-derd), -DEEiNG.] To beget, en- talent a man endowed with uncommon vigor of
gender.
;

mind; peculiar constitution or character. Genius, —

Ccenealogy, jen-e-aKo-jt, n. An account of the descent je''nr-us, n. ; ijl. -Nil, -nt-i. tutelary deity sup- A
of a person or family from an ancestor; a list of an- posed bv the ancients to preside over a man's des-
cestors; pedigree; descent from a progenitor; lineage. tinj' in fife; hence, a supernatural bein^; a spirit;
Cenera, n. ; pi. of Gei^us. the animating spirit of a people or period.
General, jen^er-al, a. Relating to a genus or kind; Genre, zhoN^'r, n. style of painting, sculpture, etc., A
pert, to a whole class or order comprehending ; representing every-day life and manners.
many species or individuals; not limited to a precise Genteel, jen-tel'', a. Possessing or exhibiting the qual-
or detailed import lax in signification
; widely ities belonging to liigh birth and breeding
; well ;

spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; bred ; easy in manners ; elegant in appearance,
having a relation to all common to the whole. —
dress, or manner; polite; fashionable. Gen-'tlle, -til, —
n. The whole; the total, —
;

used in pi., or in sing, n. One of a gentile or non-Jewish nation a wor-

—
;

with the definite article; the chief or superior officer shiper of false gods, heathen, pagan. a. Pert, to
in an administration; esp., one of the chief military the naUons at large, as disting. f r. the Jews ; of pa-
officers of a country. —
Gen'erally, adv. In gen- gan or heathen people. (Gram.) Denoting a race
eral commonly; upon the whole. Gren^'eralness, —
or country. —
Gen'tilism, -izm, n. Heathenism; pa-
;

n. Condition or qualitj' of being general; frequencj'; ganism worship of false gods. Gen''tle, -tl, a. —
—
;

commonness. Generality, -I-tt, n. State of being [-TLER, -TLEST.] Well-born; of good family or re-
general; that which is general; a vague statement spectable birth refined in manners not rough,
or phrase; the main body, bulk, greatest part. harsh, or severe soothing.
;

Gen'^tly, -tlT, adv. —

;

—
Gen'^eralize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To bring Gen'tleness, n. —
Gentil'ity, -tiKl-tl, n. Politeness
;

under a genus or genera; to use with a more exten- of manner; graceful and easy mien; state or quality
sive application to make universal in application,
; of being genteel. —
Gen'tlefoilk, -fok, -folks, -foks, n.
—
as a formula or rule to derive, as a ^enus, or as a pi. Persons of good breeding and family. Gen'-
;

feneral conception, or general principle. v. i. To —

tleman, w. ; jA. -men. man who is well born, or of A
orm classes or genera to take general or compre-
; good family one of gentle or refined manners. ;

hensive views. Gentian, jen^shan, n. (Bot.) plant whose root has A

Generate, jen'er-at, v. t. To beget, procreate, propa- a yellowish-brown color, and very bitter taste, and
gate, engender; to cause to be, bring into life; to is used as an ingredient in stomachic bitters.
originate, esp. by a vital or chemical process ; to Genuine, jen'u-in, a. Pert, to or proceeding from,
produce, cause. —
Gen'erable, a. Genera'tion, n. — the original stock; not spurious, false, or adulter
Act of, etc. ; origination by some process, math- ated ; authentic real pure. ; ;

ematical, chemical, or vital production forma- Genus, je'nus, n. ; pi. Genera, jen''e-ra. (Logic.')
; ; A
tion thing generated progeny ; offspring
; ; a sin- class of objects divided into several subordinate spe-
;

gle step or stage in the succession of natural de- cies. (Science.) An assemblage of species possess-
scent; the mass of beings living at one period; the ing certain characters in common, by which they
ordinary interval of time at which one rank follows are distinguished from all others, subordinate to —
another, or father is succeeded by child; an age; tribe and sub-tribe. Gener'^ic, -ical, -ner'ik-al, a. —
race; kind; breed; stock. (Geom.) Formation or Pert, to a genus or kind comprehensive. ;

production of any geometrical magnitude, by the Greocentric, je-o-sen'trik, -trical, a. (Astron.) Having
motion of a point or other magnitude. (Physiol.) reference to the earth as center; in relation to or
The aggregate of the functions and phenomena seen from the earth, disting. fr. heliocentric, as —
which attend reproduction. seen from the sun; having reference to the center of
Generic, GenerlcaUy, etc. See under Genus. the earth. —
Geod'esy, -od'e-sT, n. (Math.) That
Generous, jen'er-us, a. Exhibiting those qualities be- branch of surveying which allows for the curvature
longing to high birth; noble; magnanimous; free to
— of the earth, as m
surveys of states, or of long lines
give. Gen'eros'ity, n. Quality of being generous; of coast.— Geog^raphy, -fT, n. Science or description
nobleness of birth or of soul; magnanimity; liberal- of the world, its inhabitants, divisions, governments,
ity; munificence. products, etc. —
Geograph''ic, -ical, -graf''ik-al, a.
Genesis, jen'e-sis, n. Act of producing, or giving birth Pert, to geography. Geog'rapher, -fer, n. One —
or origm to anything; production; formation; origi- —
versed in, etc. GeoKogy, -jT, n. Science of the struc-
nation; the 1st book of the Old Testament. (Geoin.) ture and mineral constitution of the globe, the causes
Same as Gexeeatiox. of its physical features, and its history. Geolog''ic, —
Genet, Jennet, jen'et, n. A
small-sized, well-propor- -ical, -loj^ik-al, a. Pert, to, etc. GeoKogize, v. i. —
tioned, Spanish horse. [-GIZED '(-jTzd), -GiziNG.] To study geology, make
Genet, Genette, jennet or je-net'', n. carnivorous
animal, allied to the civet, of gray color, spotted and
A
geological investigations. Geom'etry, -trT, n. That —
brancTi of mathematics which investigates the rela-
banded with black or brown, found in southern Eu- tions, properties, and measurement of solids, sur-
rope, Africa, and Asia; its fur; cat-skin, when made faces, lines, and angles.— Geomet-'ric, -rical, a. Pert.,
into muffs, etc., to imitate skins of the genet. or according to, the rules or principles of geometry;
Geneva, je-ne'va, n. A
strongly alcoholic spirit dis- determined by geometry, often used in a techni- —
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 — — ; i —

GERANIUM 161 GIRAFFE

cal sense, as opp. to mechanicai. Geomefrically, — taunt.— n. An expression of censure mingled with
adv. — Geom'etri''cian, -trish'an, ti. geometer. A — contempt; railing.
Geor-'gic. jSr^jik, n. A
rural poem poetical com- ; Giblets, jib'lets, n. pi. The eatable parts of a fowl
position on husbandry. which "are removed before cooking.
Geranium, je-ra'nT-um, n. A
genus of plants having a Giddy, gid''dl, a. [-dier, -diest.] Having in the head
beak-like torus or receptacle,— called also crane's-bill: a sensation of whirling or reeling about light- ;

many of the cultivated pelargoniums are called gera- headed; dizzy; inducing giddiness; bewildering on
niutiis. account of rapidity; gj^ratory; inconstant; unstable;
Germ, jerm, n. {Physiol.) That which is to develop changeable; wild; thoughtless; excited. v.i. To —
an embryo; an ovary; bud. That from Avhich any- reel. —
v. t. To make dizzj', render unsteady.
tliing springs; origin; first principle. G«r''mah, — Gift. See under Give.
-main'', -mane', -man'', a. Nearly related; closely Gig, gig, n. A
top or whirligig; a light, one-horse car-
akin: closely allied: appropriate; relevant. Cousins riage, with one pair of wlieels. {Naid.) A ship's
gerinan. Cousins having the same grandfather.— wherry, or long, light boat. A
playful or wanton
Ger''minal, -ml-nal, a. Pert, to a germ. Ger'^mi- — person; a rotatory cylinder, coveredVith wire teeth
nant, a. Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds. for teaseling woolen —
—
i

Ger'minate, -nat, v. i. To sprout, bud, shoot. v. i. cloth ; a dart or har

To cause to sprout. poon; flshgig. |

German, jer''man, a. Pert, to Germany.— w. ; pi. Ger- Gigantean, Gigantic. See

mans. A native or inhabitant of Germany; the Ger- under Giant. i

man language; a dance, including a waltz movement Giggle, gig'gl, n. Aiind

and variable figures; a party at which it is danced. of laugh, with short
Grerund, jer''und, n. {Lat. Gram.) A
kind of verbal catches of the voice or
neuter noun, governing cases like a participle. breath. v. i. [gig- —
Genind''ive, -iv, n. The future passive participle. gled (-gld), -glixg.] —
Gestation, jes-ta''shun, n. The act of carrying young To laugh in a half suppressed or silly manner ; to
in the womb; pregnancj'; passive exercise, in which titter.
one is carried about. —
Gesture, jes'^chur, n. A
mo- Gild, gUd, V. t. [gilded or gilt; gilding.] To over-
tion of the body or limbs expressing sentiment or lay or overspread with a thin covering of gold; to
passion or emphasizing an argument or assertion. —
cover with a gold-like color; to illuminate, brio;hten;
V. t. and i. [gestured (-churd), -ukijjg.] To gestic- to give a fair external appearance to. Gild'^ing, n. —
ulate. — Grestic'ulate, -lat, v. i. To make gestures or Art or practice of overlaying things with gold leaf
motions, as in speaking. —
i:. t. To represent by ges- or a coating of gold; a thin surface of gold covering
ture; to act. —Gestic'ula''tion, «. Act of gesticula- some other'substance. Gilt, n. Gilding. —
ting; a gesture; antic tricks or motions. Gill, gil, n. {Physiol.) fimbriated organ of respira- A
Get, get, V. t. [imp. got, obs. gat; jj. p. got, obsoles- tion, in fishes and other water animals. The flap be-
cent GOTTEN-; GETTING.] To procure, obtain, gain low the beak of a bird; the flesh on the lower part of
possession of, acquire, come by, win; to have, pos- the cheeks, or under the chin.
sess, — when used with Aai-e and had; to beget, pro- Gill, jil, n. measure of capacity A
l-4th of a pint. =
create; to learn, commit tomemorj^; to prevail on, Gill, ]il, n. Ground-ivy; malt liquor medicated with
persuade; to procure to be, or to occur, with a fol- — ground-ivv; a young woman; a sportive girl.
lowing participle to betake, carry, —in a reflexive Gillie, Gilly," giKlt, n. boy; page; menial; in Scot., A
—
;

use. V. i. To make acquisition, o:ain ; to fall or a gamekeeper, or sportsman's attendant.

bring one's self into a state or condition to come to Gillyflower, jiKlT-flow'er, n.
; name for various cru- A
be, become, —
with a following adjective
—
belonging ciferous plants, as the stock, clove-pink, etc.
to the subject of the verb. Get''-up, n. General Gilt. See under Gild.
composition or structure; manner in which parts of Gimbal, gim''bal, n. combination of rings for sus- A
a thing are combined; make-up; stj^e of dress. pending anything, a s a com-
Gewgaw, gu'^gaw, n. A
showy trifle, toy, bauble. pass, so that it may keep a con- mj^^^^g^^^^ui
Geyser, gi''ser, n. An eruptive boiling spring, com- s t a n t position. Gim'mal. n. «J"ESi.«:-s. .^^mm¥^ —
mon in Iceland. Joined work whose parts move
Ghastly, gasflT, a. [-lier. -liest.] Death-like; pale; within each other, as a bridle
horrible; shocking; dreadful. —
adv. In a ghastly bit or interlocked rings; a
manner; hideously. quaint piece of machinery.
Gherkin, ger'^kin, n. A
small species of cucumber Gimcrack, jiiu'^krak, w. trivial'
Gimbal.
A
used for pickling. mechanism; a device; toy.
Ghost, gost, n. The spirit; the soul of man; the soul Gimlet, gim-'let, w. small instrument for boring A
of a deceased person; an apparition; anj' faint sem- holes by turning it with the hand.
—
blance, as, the ghost of a chance. —
Ghost''ly, -It, a. Gimmal. See under Gimbal.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; Gimp, gimp, n. kind of silk, woolen, or cotton A
pert, toapparitions. twist or edging, for trimming dresses, etc.
Ghoul, gool, n. An imaginary being among Eastern na- Gin, jin, n. An alcoholic liquor; geneva (which see).
tions, which preys upon human bodies. Gin, ]in, n. machine by which mechanical powers A
Giant, ji''ant, n. Aman of extraordinary bulk and are employed in aid of buman strength esp. a ma- ;

stature; a person of extraordinary powers, bodily or chine for raising weights, also for separating the
intellectual. —a. Like a giant; extraordinary in seeds from cotton; a snare; trap.
— v. t. [^ginned
size or strength. —
Gi''antess, n. A
female giant. (jind), -NiNG.] To clear of seeds byamacliine; to
Gi''ant-pow'der, w. Dynamite: see Nitro-glycer- catch in a trap.
IN'E.— Gi'gante''an, ji''gan-te''an, Gigan'^tic, a. Of Ginger, jin'jer, yi. plant of the E. A
extraordinary size mighty. ; and W. Indies, whose hot and spicy
Gib, jib, 71. A piece or slip, In a machine or structure, root is used in cookery and medi-
to hold other parts together, or keep them in place, cine. Gin''gerbread, n. Sweet cake —
— usually held in place by a wedge, key, or screw. flavored with ginger. .

Gibber, gi6''ber, v. i. [-bered (-herd), -Bering.] To Gingerly, jin'jer-lt, adv. Nicely;

speak rapidly and inarticulately. —
Gib''berish, n. cautiously: daintily.
Rapid talk; unmeaning words. —
a. Unmeaning. Gingham, ging''am, n. cotton cloth, A
Gibbet, jib'^bet, n. A
kind of gallows, an upright post the yarn of which is dyed before
with an arm projecting from the top: -^b» weaving.
the projecting beam of a crane, on which XJ
Ginseng, jin''seng, n.
I plant whose A
the pulley is fixed. v. t. — To hang on I ^
root is valued as a medicine among
^
.

a gibbet; to expose to infamy. '

the Chinese.
Gibe, jib, v. i. [gibed (jibd), gibing.] To ^ ]i CfiP; JiPi V. t. To take out the entrails
r taunting, sarcastic words; ^=^^^F
^

rail; to utter of (herrings).

to flout, fleer, scoff. t;. t.— To deride,
Gibbet.
Gipsy. See Gypsy. Giraffe.
scoif at, treat with sarcastic reflections, Giraffe, jt- or zhe-raf'', n. An African

stin, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil linger or iak, then, bo^boN, chair, get.
U.
 GIRD 162 GLISTEN
quadruped, whose fore legs are much longer than sudden darting of the sight brief turning of the ;

tne hinder ones; the camelopard, the tallest of — attention to a thing, (jjin.) Any mineral having
animals. a metallic or semi-metallic luster. v. i. [glanced —
Gird, gerd, n. The stroke of a rod; a severe twitch or (glanst), glaxcixg.] To dart a ray of light; to fly
pang; a cut, sarcastic remark, gibe. — v. t. To strike, off obliquely from an object struck; to snatch a mo-
gibe. — V. I. To gibe, sneer, jest scornfully, utter mentarj' or hastj' view; to make an incidental or
sarcasms. passing reflection, allude; to be visible only for an
Cird, gerd, v. [girded or gikt; girdixg.] To en-
t. instant at a time; to twinkle. v. t. To shoot or dart —
circle with any flexible band; to make fast, as cloth- suddenly or obliquely.
ing, by binding with a cord, bandage, etc.; to sur- Gland, gland, n. {Anat:) A
simple or complex organ
round, dress, invest. —
Gird'er.n. {Arch.) Amain for secreting, absorbing, or changing some peculiar
beam in a wall, floor, etc., to support a structure or substance from the blood or animal fluids. {Bot.) A
weight, or to bind others together. (Engin.) Any cellular spot or prominence which secretes oil or aro-
simple or compound beam supported at both ends. ma; any very small prominence. {Steam Mach.) The
Gird'^le, -1, n. That which girds or encircles esp. a ; cover of a stuffing-box. {Much.) cross-piece or A —
band encircling the body and binding together the clutch for engaging machinery moved by belts.
clothing. —v.t. [GIRDLED (-did), -LiXG.] To bind Glans, n. {Anat.) The vascufar body forming the
with a belt or sash, gird: to inclose, environ; to make apex of the penis. {Med.) An enlargement of the
a circular incision through (the bark and alburnum thj-roid gland bronchocele goiter a pessary. —
of a tree), to kill it. —
Girt, gert, v. t. To gird, sur-
;

Gland'^ular, -nlous, -lus, a. Containing, consisting

; ;

round. — Girt, Girth, gerth, n. A

band encircling of, or like glands. —
Gland'^ers. n. {Far.) highly A
the body; esp. one by which a saddle is fastened contagious disease of the mucous membrane in
upon a horse's back; the measure round the body; horses.
the circumference of anything. Glare, glar, n. A bright, dazzling light; a fierce, pier-
Crlrl, gerl, n. A
female chifd, or j'oung woman. GirK- — cing look. — i-. i. [GLARED (glard), GLARIXG.] To
hood, n. The state or time of being a girl.— GirKish, shine with a clear, bright, dazzling light to look :

«. Like or befitting a girl; pert, to a woman's youth. with fierce, piercing eyes to be ostentatiously
—
;

Gist, jist or jit, n. The main point ot a question'; point splendid. v. t. To shoot out, or emit (light). a.
on which an action rests; pi_th of a matter. Polished so as to reflect light brightly ; smooth ;
Give, giv, r. t. [imi). gave (gav); p.p. givex (giv'n); slippery; glib.
GiviXG.] To oestow without receiving a return; to Glass, glas, 71. A hard, brittle, transparent substance,
impart (a possession); to grant (authority or permis- formed by fusing silica with fixed alkalies, etc. ; any-
sion); to yield possession of, pay; to communicate thing made of glass, — esp. a looking-glass; mirror; a
or annouuce (tidings); to render or utter (an opin- glass filled with running sand for measuring time, or
ion, judgment, sentence, shout, etc.); to permit, al- the time in which a glass is exhausted of its sand a ;

low, license; to exhibit as a product or result, pro- drinking-glass; tumbler ; an optical glass; lens; spy-
duce; to devote, apply. v. i. —
To yield to force or glass ; —
in pi. spectacles. barometer. v. t. A —
pressure; to move, recede. —
Giv* or, h. Gift, n. — [GLASSED (glast), GLASSIXG.] To see, as in a glass ;
Anything given or bestowed some quality or en-; reflect, as in a mirror; to cover with glass; glaze.
dowment given to man bj' God. {Law.) volun- A Glaze, V. t. [glazed (glazd), glazixg.] To furnish
tary transfer of real or personal property, without with glass, as a window; to cover or overlay with a
any consideration. Present; donation; grant; bene- vitreous or shining substance; to vitrify the surface
faction; boon; gratuity; talent; faculty. v.t. To — of; to render smooth or glossy. v. i. To assume a —
endow with some power or faculty. glass3' luster. —
n. The vitreous coating of pottery
Gizzard, giz''zerd, n. An enlarged part of the ali- or porcelain; glazing. {Cookery.) Broth boiled down
mentarj' canal in birds, having strong muscular to a gelatinous paste, to put on braised dishes. —
walls. Glaz'er, n. A
workman who glazes pottery, etc.; a
Glacial, gla'shal, a. Pert, to ice or its action ; icy calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper,* etc. ; a
esp. pertaining to glaciers. {Chem.') Having a wooden wheel covered with emery or with an alloy-
glassj' appearance, as crystals. —
Glacier, gla'ser or ring of lead and tin, for polishing cutlery, etc.
glas'I-er, n. A
mass of ice, or snow and ice, formed Gla''zier, -zher, n. One whose business is to set glass.
in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly — Glaz^ing, n. Act or art of setting glass, or of
down mountain slopes or valleys. Glacis, gla''sis or — crusting with a vitreous substance, or of polishing,
gla-ses', «. An easy, insensible slope; esp. (i^orj.), smoothing, or rendering glossy; glass or glass-like
an earthen parapet to the covered way. substance with which any surface is incrusted or
Glad, glad, a. [gladder; -dest.] Well contented; joy- overlaid.
ous; pleased; wearing a gav or bright appearance ex- Gleam, glem, ». A
shoot of light; beamj ray; bright-
pressing or exciting joy; clieering: ani-
;

ness; splendor. v. i. —
[gleamed (glemd), gleam-
mating. —V. t. To make glad, affect IXG.] To shoot, or dart (light) ; to shine, cast light ,•

with pleasure, cheer, gladden. Glad'- — to glimmer, glitter.

den, -dn, v. t. [-dexed (-dnd), -dex- Glean, [gleaxed (glend), gleaxixg.J
glen, v. t. or i.
iXG.] To make glad, cheer, please, ex- To gather ^stalks or ears of grain left by the reap-
hilarate. —
V. i. To be or become glad. ers); to gatlier with patient and minute labor.
— Glad''ly, -IT, adv. —
Glad'ness, n. — Glebe, gleb, n. Turf {Eccl. Law.)
; soil ; ground.
Glad'^some, -sum, a. Pleased; joyful; Land oelon^ing church or benefice.
to a parish
causing joy; pleasing. Glad'somely, — .Glee, gle, n. Joy ; merriment
esp. mirth at a feast. ;

aflv. {Mus.) A composition for 3 or more voices, gen-

Glade, glad, n. An open passage through, erally of a light and secular character. Glee^'fol, —
or grassy opening in, a wood. -ful,a. Merry; gav; joyous.
Gladiate, glad'T-at, a. (Bot.) Sword- Glen, glen, n. A secluded and narrow vaUey a dale. ;

shaped, as the leaf or legume of a Glib, glib, a. [glibber, -best.] Smooth; slippery;
plant. —
Glad'ia'tor, -ter, n. sword- A voluble: easily moving; fluent; flippant.
player; prize-fighter; esp. in ancient Glide, glid, v. i. To move gently or smoothly; to pass
Rome, one who fought publicly in the rapidlv and easily, as over a smooth surface.
arena. —Gladi'olus, -o-lus, ?i. flow- A Glim, glim, n. A
'light or candle. Glirn'mer, v. i. —
ering plant of many species having [-MERED (-merd), -jierixg.J To give feeble or scat-
bulbous roots and gladiate leaves. tered rays of light, shine faintly, gleam, glitter.— w.
Glair, glar, n. The white of an egg ; any A faint light feeble, scattered rays of light.
;
—
viscous, transparent sub.«;tance. v. t. — Glimpse, glimps, n. A
sudden flash; short, hurried
[glaired (glard), glairixg.] To view. —
V. i. To appear by glimpses. — v. t. To catch
smear with, etc. a glimpse of, see by glimpses.
Glamour, gla'moor or glanT'er, w. Witch- Glint, glint, n. A glimpse; glance; gleam. —v. f. To
ery, or a charm on the eyes, making glance; peep forth.
them see things falsely. Glisten, glis'n, v. i. [-texed (-nd), -texing.] To
Glance, glans, n. A sudden shoot of light; sparkle or shine; esp., to shine with a subdued and
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, Sr
 GLITTER 163 GOAT
fitful luster. —
GIis^t«r, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tee- ing.] To join with glue; to hold together, unite.
ing.] To be bright, sparkle, shine, glisten. — Glu'ten, n. (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious sub-
Glitter, glit'tSr, v. i. [-teeed (-terd), -teeing.] To stance which gives adhesiveness to dougii. Glu'- —
sparkle with light ; to be showy, specious, or strik- tinoUB, -aus, a. Like glue; viscous; tenacious.
ing ; to gleam, shine, glare. n. bright, spark- — A Glum, glum, o. Sullen; moody; silent.
ling light; brilliancy; luster. Glume, glum, n. {Bot.) A
bract, scale, or
Gloaming, glom'in^, Twilight; dusk.
n. husk, covering the flower or seed of grain
Gloat, gl5t, V. i. To look steadfastly, gaze with ma- or grasses.
lignant satisfaction, or passionate desire. Glut, i;. t. To swallow greedily, gorge; to
Globe, glob, n. A
round or spherical body ; ball satiate, sate. — n.
Thing swallowed down
sphere; orb; anj'thing nearly spherical in shape: the full supply supply beyond suflficiency
;

earth a sphere on which is a map of the earth or or to loathing a large wooden wedge
;
;

of the heavens. —
Globose', -bos", Glo'bous, -bus, used in splitting blocks. Glut'ton, -tn, —
Glob'Tilar, a. Round spherical, or nearly so.
;
— n. One who eats voraciously; a gorman-
Globos'lty, -b6s''T-tT, n. Quality of being round dizer; one eager to excess. (.^ooZ.) car- A _ -
sphericity. —
Globe'-fish, w. A
;

nivorous mammal; the wolverine. — trlume.

fish whicn, by inflating an ab- Gluftonous, -tn-us, a. Pert, to a glutton or to glut-
dominal sac, can swell out tony; given to excessive eating. —
Gluftony, -I, n.
its body to a globular shape. Act or practice of a glutton; excess in eating; vo-
— Glob'ule, -01, n. little A racity.
^ 1 o b e a small particle of
; Gluten. See under Glue.
spherical form.— Glom''erate, Glycerine, glis-'er-fn, n. (Chem.) A
sweet \'iscid
-er-at, v. t. To gather or wind liquid, formed from fatty substances, and consist-
into a ball. —
Glomera'^tion, n^ y, « v.
UioDe-nsn.
ing of carbon, hydrogen, and oxj'gen.
n. Act of gathering or form- Gnarl, narl, v. i. [gnarled (narld), gnaeling.] To
ing into a spherical body; thing formed into a ball. growl, murmur, snarl.
Gloom, gloom, n. Partial or totaldarkness ; dimness ; Gnarl, narl, h. A
knot in wood.
obscurity ; cloudiness or heaviness of mind aspect Gnash, nash, v. t. [gnashed (nasht), gnashing.] To
of sorrow ; dullness ; dejection ; sadness. v. i. —
;

strike together, as in anger or pain. —

v. i. To grind
[gloomed (gloomd), gloomixg.] To shine obscure- or strike together the teeth.
ly, glimmer ; to appear dark, dismal, or gloomy. — Gnat, nat, n. A small dipterous insect, some species—
V. t. To render gloomy, make sad or sullen. — blood-suckers, others injurious to vegetation.
Gloom'y, -T, a. [gloomier, -iest.] Imperfectly il- Gnaw, naw, v. [gnawed (nawd), gnawing.] To
t.

luminated dim dismal affected with, or express-

; ; ; bite off little by little; to wear away by scraping
ing gloom; heavy of heart; moodj^ sullen morose. ; with the teeth; to corrode, fret away. — v. i. To use
Glory, glo'rt, n. Praise, honor, etc., accorded by com- the teeth in biting; to bite repeatedly.
mon consent; reputation; fame; an object of pride Gneiss, nis, n. (Geol.) A
schistose rock, consisting
or boast; occasion of praise; pride; boastfulness; the of quartz, feldspar, and mica or hornblende.
presence of the divine Being; celestial honor; heaven. Gnome, nom, n. An imaginary being, supposed to
{Paint.) A
halo around the head or entire person. inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and guard
— V. i. [gloried (-rid), -ryixg.] To exult with joy, mines, quarries, etc.; a dwarf; goblin.
rejoice; to boast, be proud of. Glo''rious, -rl-us, a. — Gnomon, no'mon, 7i. (Dialing.) The style or pin of
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts worthy of a sun-dial, w-hose shadow shows the hour of day;
glory noble illustrious magnificent splendid the index of the hour-circle of a globe. Gnos''tic, —
;

eager for distinction.

;

—
Glo'riously, -IT, adv.
;

Glo''-
;

— ;

n. {Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the first ages of

liiy, -rl-fi, V. t. [-FIED (-fid), -eying.] To make Christianity, whose system combined oriental the-
glorious by bestowing glory upon; to render w^orthy ology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
of praise; to render homage to, worship, adore. Christianity. —
a. Pert, to the Gnostics or their
Glo'rifica'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. doctrines.
Gloss, glos, n. Brightness or luster from a smooth Gnu, nu, n. A S. African antelope, having a horse's
surface; polish; a specious appearance, representa- neck, body, and tail,
tion, and interpretation. v. t. —
[glossed (glost), and single, recurved
GLOSSING.] To make smooth and shining, render horns.
specious and plausible. — v. i. To make sly remarks. Go, go, V. i. {imp. went;
— Gloss'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Smooth and shining; p. p. GONE going.]
specious; plausible. — Gloss'^iness, n. ;

To pass from one

Gloss, glos, n. Comment; explanation; interpretation place to another to
or exposition of a passage, book, etc. — v. t. To il- proceed, advance,
;

lustrate, explain. — —v. i. To comment, make ex- emploj^ed in the most

planatory remarks. Gloss'^arist, n. writer of A various applications
glosses or of a glossary. —
Gloss'' aiy, -rl, n. vo- A of the movement of
cabulary of words requiring elucidation. animate and inani-
{Anat.) The narrow opening at
Glottis, glot'tis, n. mate beings, and of
the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal movements of the Gnu.
cords. —Gloftal, a. Pert, to, etc. mind; to walk; to pass, circulate; to be with young,
Glove, gluv, n. A
cover for the hand, with a separate be pregnant, gestate; to pass away, leave, depart;
sheath for each finger. v. t. —
[gloved (gluvd), to be lost or ruined, perish, die.— v. t. To take (a
GLOVING.] To cover with, or as with, a glove. share in an enterprise);
Glow, glo, V. i. [glowed (glod), glowing.] To shine to bear a part in. n. A. —
with an intense or white heat; to be bright or red circumstance; fashion or
with animation, blushes, etc. ; to feel hot, as the mode;_noisy merriment.
skin; to feel the heat of passion. n. Shining heat, — Goad, god, n. A pointed
or white heat; incandescence brightness of color; ; instrument to urge on a
redness; intense excitement or earnestness. Glow'- — beast; anything that
worm, M. A
coleopterous insect: the female, which stimulates. — v. t. To
is wingless, emits, at night, a green Light from the prick, drive with a goad, (

extremity of the abdomen. arouse, instigate.

Glucose, glu'kos, n. A
soft, cheap sugar, made from Goal, gol, n. The point set
starch, etc., by aid of sulphuric acid, etc.; found to bound a race; mark;
also in fruits, honey, and urine of diabetes; grape end or final purpose.
Goat's Head.
sugar; starch sugar; diabetic sugar. Goat, got, n. A
mammif-
Glue, glu, n. A
hard, brittle gelatine, obtained by erous quadruped, having cloven hoofs, and chew-
boiling the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals : when ing the cud, —
allied to the sheep. Goatee', n. —
heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenacious, Part of the beard left depending from the chin, re-
—
and is used as a cement. v. t. [glued (glud), glu- sembling a goat's.

siin, cube, full ; moon, f «3t)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tJien, boNboN, chair, get.
 GOB 164 GOURMAND
Gob, gob, n. A small quantity; mouthful; the mouth; shrub; the shrub itself, found in all temperate re'
spittle or saliva. — Gob'ble, v. t. [-bled (-bid), gions.
-BLING.] To swallow hastily, eat down voraciously. Gopher, go'fer, n. A burrowing animal of several
— V. i. To make a noise like a turkey-cock. — Gob''- kinds, — pouched rat, squirrel, land-tortoise, etc.
bler, n. A greedy eater; gormandizer; a turkey-cock. Gopher, go'fer, n. A species of wood used in build-
Goblet, gob'let, n. A drinking vessel without a ing Noah's ark.
handle. ^ Gordian, gSr^'dl-an, a. Pert, to Gordius, king of Phry-
Goblin, gob''lin, n. An evil spirit ; frightful phan- gia, or to a knot tied by him, which could not be un-
tom; gnome; elf. tied, but was cut by Alexander the Great; hence, in-
God, god, ?i. An object of worship; a divinity; deity: tricate; complicated; difficult.
the Supreme Bein^ Jehovah. God'^ly, -II, a
;
— Gore, gor, n. Blood thick or clotted blood. Gor'y,
;
—
Keverencing God, His laws, etc.; pious; righteous -I, a. Covered with gore bloody murderous. -•
conformed to God's laws. God-'like, a. God'lesB — — Gor'-crow, n. The common or carrion crow.
; ;

u. Having, or acknowledging, no God ungodly Gore, gor, n. A

wedge-shaped piece of cloth, sewed
wicked. —
God'dess, n. A female deity. God'-
;

— into a garment, etc., to give greater width at a par-

cbild, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor ticular part a triangular piece of land.
; v. t. To —
at bapti.«ni. daughter, -daw-ter, n. A girl for cut in triangular form.
whom, etc. —
God'father, n. A man who becomes Gore, gor, v. t. [gored (gord), goring.] To pierce,
sponsor. -^ God'head, n. Deity divinity divine ; ; stab.
nature or essence a god or goddess the Deity Gorge, gSri, n. The throat; gullet; a narrow passage,
—
: ; ;

God the
; Supreme Being. God'mother, n. A as, a defile between mountains, or entrance into an
woman who becomes sponsor. God'send, n. Some- — outwork of a fort; that which is swallowed, esp. by
l;hing sent by God; an unexpected acquisition or a hawk. v. i. —[gorged (g6rjd), gorging.] To
piece of good fortune. —
(Jood'-by, -bye, good-bi', n. swallow; esp., to swallow with greediness; to glut,
or inierj. Farewell, —
a form of address at parting. satiate. v. i. —
To feed greedily. Gor'get, -jet, n. —
[Contr. of God be loith you.] Gos'psl, n. Glad tid- — A piece of armor defending the throat or neck. (Mil.)
ings, esp. concerning Christ and his salvation; one A pendent metallic ornament, worn bv officers.
of the historical narratives of Christ's life; a sj's- (Surr;/.) A
cutting instrument used in litliotomy. —
tem of religious truth or doctrine. Gos'sip, n. — Gor'^geous, -jus, a. Imposing through splendid or
Orig. a sponsor; a comrade; an idle tattler; tattle; various colors showy fine. ;

rumor. — v. i. To prate, tattle. Gorgon, gdr'gon, n. {Myth.)

;

maiden of terrific A
Goggle, gog'^gl, V. i. [-GLED (-gld), -gung.] To strain aspect, whose sight turned the beholder to stone.
or roll the eyes. —
a. Full and rolling or staring, Anything very ugly or horrid.
— said of the eyes. n. — A
strained or affected roll- Gorilla, go-riKla, n. ape, of tropical Africa, of An
ing of the eye. p?. A
kind of spectacles. great size, strength, and fe-
Goiter, -tre, goi''t?r, n. {Med.) Bronchocele an en- ; rocity.
largement of the thj'roid gland. Gormand, gdr'mand. Gourmand,
Gold, gold, n. A precious metal, of reddish yellow col- goor''maud, n. glutton. A —
or and metallic luster, ductile and malleable; mon- Gor'^mandize, v. or t. [-dxzed i.
ey; wealth; a yellow color like that of the metal. — (-dizd), -DiziNG.] To eat greed-
Gold'^en, -n, a. Made of, consisting of, or of the ily, feed ravenously. Gor''- —
color of, gold; very precious. maiidiz'er, n. Gourmet, —
Gondola, gon'do-la, n. A
long, narrow, flat-bottomed goor''ma, n. connoisseur inA
pleasure-boa t eating and drinking. [F.]
used at Venice ; Gorse, g6rs, n. A
thick, prickly
in U. S., a plat- shrub, bearing yellow flowers Gorilla
form car, used on in early spring furze ; whin. ;

railroads._^ G o n- Gorjr. See under Gore.

dolier', -ler', n. A Gosling. See under Goose.
man who rows a Gospel, Gossip. See under God.
gondola. Gossamer, gos''sa-mer, n. A filmy substance, like cob-
Gone. See Go. webs, floating in the air. Gos'samer'y, -mer'I, a. —
Gong, gong, n. A Like gossamer flimsy unsubstantial.
; ;

circular i n s t r u- Got, Gotten. See Get.

ment of copper Goth, goth, n. One of an ancient Teutonic race, who
and tin, produ- overran the Roman empire a bar-
—
;

cing, when struck, barian rude, ignorant person.

',
fT
a loud, harsh Gondola. Goth'^ic, a. Pert, to the Goths.
sound: a stationary call-bell. {Arch.) Pert, toa style of architec-
Good, gS&d, a. [better; best.] Possessing desirable ture with high, sharply-pointed
qualities; wholesome; adapted to the end designed; arches, clustered columns, etc. see
possessing moral excellence or virtue; kind; benevo- Capital. Rude barbarous. n. ; —
:

lent; suited; clever; skillful, followed esp. by a«; — The language of the Goths. {Print.)
adequate; sufficient, —
in a commercial sense, hav- A style of square-cut type, with no i

ing pecuniary ability; considerable; full complete ; ; hair lines.

fair; honorable. 7i. —
That which possesses desirable
iil^^^The Type called GOTHIC.
qualities, promotes success or happiness, is service-
able, fit, excellent, etc.: welfare; prosperity; benefit. — Goth'icism, -T-sizm, n. A Gothic
pi. Wares, commodities, chattels. adv. Well — ; idiom conformity to the Gothic
;

equally well; to a good degree; style of building; rudeness of man-

quite ; considerably. — Good'- ners; barbarousness. Goth''icize, —
ness, n. State of being good ; V. [-CIZED (-Sizd), -CIZING.] To
t.
excellence; virtue; kindness. make Gothic or barbarous.
Good'ly, -It, a. [-liee, -liest.] Gouge, gowj, in Eng. gooj, n. chisel, A
Pleasant agreeable comely;
; ; with a semi-cylindrical blade. v. t. —
graceful; portly; large. [gouged (gOWJd), GOUGING.] To
Gdod-by._See under God. scoop out with a gouge to force out ;

Goose, goos, n.; pi. Geese, ges. (the eye of a person) with the thumb
A large web-footed fowl, mi- or finger to cheat.;

gratory when wild, living on Goose, Gourd, gord, n. A rapid-growing cu

land and eating grass when do- curbitaceous plant, bearing a one- French Gothic
mesticated; a tailor's smoothing iron, whose handle celled, many-seeded, hard-shelled Window, Tour,
resembles a goose's neck a simpleton; a game of fruit which, when dry, is used for nay Cathedral.
chance. —
Gos'ling, goz^ling, n. A young goose.
; :

dippers, bottles, etc.

Gooseberry, gooz-'ber-rt, ». The fruit of a thorny Gourmand, Gourmet. See under Goemand.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, dr
 GOUT 165 GRANT
Goat, gowt, n. (Med.) A painful constitutional dis- growing from such shoot. r. t. To insert, as a cut- —
ease inflammation of the joints, esp. of the great ting from one tree in a branch or stem of another.
toe. —
;

Goufy, -Tt, a. Diseased with, subject to, or Graft, graft, n. Acquisition of money or anything
pert, t^, etc. —
Goutiness, n. of value by the dishonest use of positions of trust;
Goat, goo, n. Taste; relish. anything so acquired. Qraft'er, n. —
Govern, guv'ern, v. t. [-erxed (-ernd), -ernino.] Grain, gran, n. kernel, esp. of corn, wheat, etc.; A
To regulate by authont^'; to influence, direct, man- the fruit of certain kindred food plants, viz., corn,
age. ((j/-am.) To require to be in a particular case. wheat, rve, oats, barley, etc.,— used collectively;
— V. i. To exercise authority, administer the laws, any small, hard particle; small portion a small ;

have the control. —

Gov'emor, -er, weight, the 20th of a scruple in apothecaries' —
n. One who governs; esp., a chief weight, 24th of a pennyweight troy; a reddish dye
ruler or magistrate: a tutor, guar- from the coccus insect or kermes; a red color of any
dian. (j\a«i.) A pilot. iJfach.) A
hue, esp. (Poet.) Tyrian purple: that arrangement of
contrivance connected with mills, the particles of any body which determines its com-
steam-engines, etc., to maintain parative roughness; texture; arrangement or direc-
uniform velocity with a varying tion of the veins or fibers of wood the hair-side of
resistance: see Stea.m Engine. —
leather, or the marking on that side. pi. The husks
;

Gov'erness, M. A female governor; or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain af-
an instructress. —
Gov'emante', ter distillation residuum.— V. t. [grained (grand), :

-ant',n. A lady in charge of young GRAINING.] To paint in imitation of the grain of

women ; a governess. Gov''ern- — „ wood; to form inta grains, as powder, su^ar, etc.— v.
ment, n. Act of governing: exer- Oovernor.
i. To form grains, or assume a granular form. —
cise of authority; restraint; regulation the system Gran'ary, -rl, n. storehouse for thrashed grain.
; A
of polity in a state; established form of law; right or Grange, granj, n. granary barn farm, with A : ;

power of governiT.g authority the ruling power

; stables, etc.; in U. S., an association of farmers to
; ;

the administration; a commonwealth; state. {Gr.am.) promote direct communication between producers
The influence of a word in regard to construction. and consumers, excluding middlemen. Gran-'ule, —
— Gov'emment'al, a. Pert, to, or made by govern- gran'til,?}. A little grain small particle. Gran'u- ; —
ment. lous, -lus, -ular, -alary, -la-rl, -alate, -olated. a. Con-
Gown, gown, n. A loose upper garment; esp. the outer sisting of, or like, grains or granules. Gran'olate, —
dress of a woman; the otficial robe of professional -lat, V. t. To form into, etc.; to raise in small asper-
men and scholars; hence, civil officers, disting. fr. ities to roughen on the surface. r. i. To collect —
—
;

military; a wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors. or be formed into grains. Granala'tion, n. Act of
Grab, grab, n. A
sudden grasp or seizure. v.t.Sz i. — forming into grains development of small grain-
;

[GRABBED (grabd), -BixG.] -To gripe suddenly, seize. like cells in sore, filling up'the cavity, and uniting
Grace, gras, n. Exercise of love, kindness, or good- the sides. — Graniv'oroas, -rus, a. Eating grain or
will; favor bestowed; the divine favor toward man; seeds. — Gran'ite, (Geol.) crystalhne, un-
-it, ?;. A
enjoyment of divine favor inherent excellence ; ; stratifiejl rock, of quartz, feldspar, and mica.
beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; elegance of Grain, gran, n. A
prong tine pi. a fish spear.
; ;

manners ; the title of a duke or an archbishop of Grallatory, graKla-to-rl, -torial, -to'rl-al, a. Pert, to
England; a prayer before or after meat. pi. {Myth.) the grallatores or wading birds.
Graceful and beautiful females, the attendants of Gram. See under Grammar.
Venus. (31us.) Ornamental tones. play con- A Graminaceoas, gram-i-na'shus, 6ramin''eal, -eoas, -e-
sisting in throwing_a hoop by means of two sticks.— us, a. Pert, to the grasses. Gramauv'oroas, a. —
V. t. [GRACED (grast), GRACING.] To adorn, deco- Feeding on grass, etc.
rate ; to digaif y, honor. —
Grace'fol, -f ul, a. Dis- Grammar, gram'mar, n. Science of language art of ;

playing grace or beauty in form or action ; elegant; speaking sir writing with propriety, according to
easy. — Graee''less, a. "Wanting in grace or excel- established usage a treatise on the principles of
;

lence, esp. in divine grace ; depraved degenerate ; language, or on the elements of any science. Gram- —
corrupt. —
Gra''cioas, gra''shus, a. Abouading in,
;

ma'' rian, -ri:-an, n. A philologist one who teaches

grammar. — Grammat'^ical, a. Pert, to, or accord-
;

or characterized by, grace winning favor; accept-

;

able; beautiful; graceful; produced by divine grace; ing to the rules of, grammar. — Gram, Gramme, gram,
benevolent; beneficent; benignant; merciful. n. The
metric unit of weight, 18.756 grains troy =
Grade, grad, n. A
step or degree in any series, rank, or grains avoirdupois.
15.4.32
or order; in a road or railroad, the rate of ascent or Grampas, gram'pus, n. A
voracious cetaceous mam-
descent; a graded ascending or descend\ng portion mal of the dolphin
of a road: a gradient. (Stork-hreeding.) The result family, having sock-
of crossing a native stock with a better breed. v. t. — eted, co nic a 1 teeth,
To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive as- and breathing by a'
cent, as the line of a canal or road. Gra'dient, a. — spout-hole on the top
Moving by steps; walking; rising or descending by of the head.
regular degrees of inclination. n. Rate of ascent— Granary. See under r'™,^^,,^
Grampus.
or descent in a road, etc. grade a part of a road
; ; Grain.
which slopes upward or downward. Grada'tion, — Grand, grand, a. Of large
.

size; extensive
relatively ;

n. Act of progressing by regular steps state of be- ; great; greatest: chief; principal; great in size and
ing graded, or arranged in ranks; any degree in an fine or imposing in appearance; holding elevated or
order or series gradual blending of one tint with advanced rank, as in years or station; majestic: dig-
another. — ;

Grad'aal, -u-al, a. Proceeding by steps or —

nified; stately; exalted. Grand'eor, -jur, /?. Quality
degrees; progressive; slow. n. An order of steps; of being grand; splendor of appearance': elevation of
an ancient book of hymns, some of which were thotight or expression, or of mien or deportment: no-
chanted on the steps (gradits) of the pulpit.— Grad'- bilityof action; sublimity; augustness; magnificence.
ually, adv. In^ a gradual manner ; step by step. — — Grand'aunt, -ant, n. The aunt of one's father or
Grad'aate, -u-at, v. t. To mark witli degrees to di- ; mother. —
un'^cle, n. child, n. — sou's or daugh-
daagb'ter, n. Daughter of a son or
A
vide into regular steps, grades, or intervals to ad-
mit to a certain grade or degree, esp. to an academ-
ical degree; to prepare gradually. v. i. To pass
; ter's child.
daughter.
er's father.
——
son, n. father, n.
mother, ».
— —
sire, 7*.
father's or moth-
grandfather;
A
A
to, or to receive, an academical degree to pass by any male ancestor. —
Grandee', -de', ??. man of A
—
:

degrees, change gradually, —w. . One admitted to an rank in Spain, a nobleman of the first rank.
;

academical degree. a. —
Arranged by successive Grandil'oquent, -o-kwent,-oquous, -kwus, a. Speak-
steps or degrees; graduated. Gradua'tion, n. Act— ing in a lofty style bombastic. GrandiKoquence,
: —
of graduating; art of dividing into degrees or definite -kwens, ?j. Lofty words or phrases bombast pom-
parts marks on an instrument indicating degrees,
; posity of speech. —
Grand'iose, -t-os, a. Imposing
; :

etc. striking: flaunting; turgid: bombastic.

GraS, graf Graft, graft, n.
, A
small shoot or scion of Grange, Granite, Granivorous, etc. See under Grain.
a tree inserted m
another tree portion of a tree ; Grant, gnint, v. t. To allow, yield, concede; to be<.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boisrboN, chair, get.
 GRANULAR 166 GREASE
stow or confer, in answer to prayer or request; to of being grateful; thankfulness. Grafifica'tion, n. —
make conveyance of, give the possession or title of. Act of gratifying mind, taste, or appetite; that which
— n. Act of granting; a bestowing; admission of affords pleasure.— Gra'tis, tt(/c. For nothing; freely;
.something as true: thing granted; gift; boon. {Law.) gratuitously.— Gratu'itous, -I-tus, a. Given without
A transfer of property by deed or writing; esp., an a recompense ; without reason, cause, or proof. —
appropriation or conveyance by the government. Gratu'ity, -tl, n. A
free gift, present. Grat-'ulate, —
Granular, Granule, etc. See under Grain. V. t. To salute with declarations of joy ; congratu-
Grape, grap, w. The fruit of the vine. {Mil.) Grape-shot. late. —
Gratula'tion, n. Act of etc.— Grat'ulatory, ,

— Grap'y, -T, a. Made of, or like, -to-rT, a. Expressing joy.

grapes.— Grap^'ery, -er-t, n. building A Grave, grav, v. t. [imp. g^javed (gravd),p.p. gkavex
for cultivating grapes.— Grape'-shot, n. or graved; graying.] To carve or cut, engrave; to
{Mil.) A number of iron balls, included give shape to, by cutting with a chisel. {Naut.) To
between circular iron plates at top and clean, as a ship's bottom, by burning off filth, grass,
bottom, with rings and a connecting etc., and paying it over with pitch. v. i. To write —
pin. or delineate on hard substances; to practice engrav-
Graphic, -ical, graf^'ik-al, a. Pertaining ing. —
n. An excavation in the earth as a place of
to writing; written; inscribed; well de- burial; tomb; sepulcher death or destruction, pi. ;

lineated or described. —
Grapli'lcally, The sediment of melted tallow. Grav'er, jj. One —
adv. In a graphic or picturesque man- who, etc.; a sculptor; an engraving tool, burin,
ner. —
Graph'ite, -it, n. {Min.) A poly- Orane-shot q. v.; a tool for turning metals. Grav'ing, n. Act —
morphous mineral, composed of very ^'^'^y^ of, etc. thing graved or carved act of cleaning a
; ;

pure carbon, disting. by softness, metallic luster, and- ship's bottom impression on the mind, heart, etc.
by leaving a lead-colored trace on paper, used for —
Grav'ing-dock, n. —
dry dock, in which ship's
;

A
pencils, and for many mechanical uses, and often bottoms are cleaned, etc. Grave'-clothes, n. pi. —
called plumharjo or black-lead. Graphophone, —
Clothes in which the dead are interred. stone, n.
grafo-fon. )/. A form of phonograph.
Grapple, grap'pl, r.t. [-pled (-pld), -pi.ing.] To
A memorial stone set by a grave. yard, n. A yard
for the interment of the dead; cemetery.
—
seize, lay fast hold on, with the hands or with Grave, grav, a. Of importance influential serious,
hooks. —
r. i. To contend in close flght. n. — A —
said of character, relations, etc. ; not light or gay;
; ;

seizing; close hug in contest. (Nmif.) A hook for solemn sober plain serious weighty momen- ; ; ; ; ;

fastening one ship to another. Grap'line, Grap''-— tous. (Mtis.) Not acute or sharp; low; deep. Gra- —
nel, n. A small anchor, with 4 or 5 flukes or claws ; va'men, n. (Law.) The grievance complained of ;
any instrument desig-ned to grapple or hold. the substantial cause of ixction. Grav'ity, -I-ti, n. —
Gra8p,grasp, u. «. [grasped (graspt), gkasi'ing.] To Sobriety of character or demeanor relative impor- ;

seize and hold, catch, take possession of; to compre- tance, significance, dignity, etc. CFftysics.) The
—
hend. n. Gripe of the hand seizure by embrace ; tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of
;

power of seizing and holding wide-reaching power attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the
of intellect to comprehend subjects.
;

Grasp'^ing, a. —
center of the earth. {Mas.) Lowness of sound. —
Seizing; avaricious greedy of gain; exacting.
; Specific gravity. The ratio of the weight of a body
Grass, gras, n. Herbage the plants constituting the
; to the weiglit of an equal volume ot some other
food of cattle, etc.; pasture. {Hot.) An endogenous body taken as the standard, usually water for — —
plant having long, narrow, alternate leaves, sheath- solids and liquids, and air for gases. "Grav'itate,
ing a stem generally jointed and tubular, flower r. (. To obey the law of gravitation, tend toward
generallyin glume-coveVed spikelets.andfarinaceous the center. Gravita'tion, n. Act of gravitating. —
seeds. —
v. t. [grassed (grast), grassing.] To (Fhi/sics.) That attraction by which all bodies or
cover with grass or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each
turf. —
Grass'hop- other.
per, n. A jumping Gravel, grav'el, n. mass of small stones or frag- A
orthopterous n o c- ments of stone mixed with sand, etc. {Med.) Small
turnal insect, with calculi in the kidneys and bladder painful symp-
4 joints in feet, and toms caused by such calculi. v. t. [graveled — ;

green or transpar- (-eld), -ELiXG.J To cover with gravel to stick in ;

ent wing -covers, the sand hence, to puzzle, embarrass to hurt (a

which feeds on horse's foot) by gravel lodged under the shoe.
; ;

—
grass or leaves: the Grav'elly, a. Abounding with, or consisting of,
common diurnal
"
gravel.
" grasshoppers Gravy, gra'vl, n. Juices obtained from meat in cook-
are locusts. — Graze,
Grasshopper (G. viridissinius).
ing, made into a dressing; liquid dressing tor food.
V. t. [grazed Gray, gra, o. Hoary white mixed with black old ;
(grazd), GRAZIXG.], To feed or supply (cattle) with mature. — n. Any
;

mixture of white and black; an

;

grass to eat (herbage) from the ground; to tend

: animal of gray color.
—
grazing cattle. v. i. To eat grass or herbage to — Gray'-beard, n. An
supply grass.— Graz'er, n. One who grazes or feeds
;

old man. — Gray-'ling,

on herbage. — Gra'zier, -zher, n. One who pastures n. A fish allied to the
cattle, and rears them for market. Graz'^ing, n. — trout, found in N.
Act of feeding on grass; a pasture. Europe. — Gray '-
Grate, grat, ?i. A lattice-work, used in windows of wacke,-wak,w. {Geol.)
Grayling.
vjrayiing.
prisons, etc.; a frame of iron bars for holding coals. A conglomerate or
— To furnish with grates or cross-bars. — Grat''-
V. t. grit-rock, consisting of pebbles and sand firmly uni-
ing, n. _A partition of parallel or cross-bars. ted together.
Grate, grat, v. t. To rub roughly or harshly, as one Grayhound. See Greyhound.
body against another; to wear away m small par- Graze, Grazier, etc. See under Grass.
ticles, by rubbing with anything rough to fret, Graze, graz, r. t. [grazed (gra/.d), grazing.] To
vex, irritate. v. i. —
To rub'hard, so as to offend; to
;

rub or touch in passing. Graz'ing, n. —

touch in A
make a harsh sound by friction of rough bodies. passing.
— Grat'er, n. One who, or that which, etc.; esp. an Grease, gres. n. Animal
fat in a soft state esp., fatty ;

instrument for rubbing off small particlesof a body. matter ot land animals. {Far.) Aii_ inflammation
— Grat'ing, n. A harsh sound of rubbing. of the heels of a horse. —
Grease, grez or gres, v. t.
Grateful, grateful, a. Having a due sense of benefits; [greased (grezd or grest), Gi: easing.] To smear or
willing to acknowledge and repay benefits; afford- anoint witji grease;_to bribe; to cheat or cozen.
ing pleasure pleasing to the taste acceptable Greasy, grez'l or gres''!, a. [-ier; -iest.] Composed
gratifying welcome.
;

—
Grate 'ftUly, adv. Grate"-
;

— ;

of, or clmractei'ized by, grease; oily; fat; unctuous;

fulness, w. —
;

Gr0.tify, grafr-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), smeared with, or like grease or oil; smooth. (Far.)
-FYINO.] To please by satisfying some wish; to give Affected with the disease called grease. — Greas'ily,
pleasure to, recompense. —
Grafitude, -tud, n. State adv.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 &^AT 167 GROIN
Great, grSt, a. Large in solidity, surface, or linear Grill, gril, v. t. [qeilled (grild), -ling.] To broil on
dimensions; of wide extent; big; expanded; large in a grate or gridiron to torment as if by broiling.
;

number; numerous long continued superior; ad- ; ; Grim, grim, a. [grimmer, -mest.] Of forbidding or
mirable; commanding endowed with extraordi- ; fear-inspiring aspect; ferocious; horrid; surly.
nary powers, strong, mighty, noble; holding a chief Giimace, grt-mas', n. A
distortion of the counte-
position, eminent; weightj'; important. XGeneaU nance, to express contempt, disapprobation, etc.
ogy.) Older, younger, or rriore remote, by a single a smirk; made-up face.
generation. Great-grandfather, a grandfather's fa- Grimalkin, grt-maKkin, n. An old cat.
ther (jreat-grancUon, a grandson's son.
; Etc. — Grime, grim, w. Foul matter; dirt. v.t. To sully or
Greafiy, adv. In a great degree; much; nobly; il- soil deeply; to dirt. —
Grim'y, -T, a.
lustriously. —
Great''ness, n. Largeness of bulk, di- Grin, grin, i. i. [grinned (grind), -ning.] To open
mensions, number, quantity, etc. high rank or the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, as in
place; m;\gnanimity; strength or extent of intellec-
;

laughter, scorn, or pain. v. t. —

To express by grin-
tual faculties; force; intensity. Great ''-coat, n. An — ning. — n. Act of, etc.
over-coat._ Grind, grind, v. t. [ground (grownd), grinding.]
Greaves, grevz, n. pi. Ancient armor for the legs. To reduce to powder, by friction, as in a mill, or
Greaves, grevz. Graves, gravz, n.pl. The sediment of with the teeth to wear down, polish, or sharpen by
;

melted_tallow. friction; to prepare for examination to oppress by

Grebe, greb, n. A
diving bird, having a straight, sharp severe exactions, harass. v. i. —
To perform the
;

beak, lobated toes, no tail, and legs set far back. operation of grinding to become pulverized, pol-
;

Grecian. _See under Greek. ished, sharpened by friction; to drudge. Grind'er, —

Greed, gred, n. An eager desire or longing ; greedi- n. One who, or that which, grinds; one of the doub-
ness. — Greed''y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Havmg a keen
-T, le teeth which grinds or masticates food, a molar :
appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; ea- see Tooth, —Grind'ery, -er-Y, n. Shoemakers' ma-
ger; covetous. — Greed'ily, — Greed'iness, n. ac/i-'. terials. — Grind'stone, n. A flat, circular, revolving
Greek, grek, a. Pert, to Greece, Grecian. — n. A na- stone, for grinding and sharpening tools. — Grist,
tive or inhabitant of Greece language of Greece. grist, n. That which is ground at one time; supply;
— Gre'cian, -shan, a. Pert, to Greece. — n. A Greek; ;

provision. —
Grist'-mill, n. A
mill for grinding
one versed in the Greek language, literature, or his- grain. — Gris'tle, -1, n. (Anat.) smooth, solid, A
tory. elastic substance in animal bodies cartilage. ;

Green, gren, a. Having the color of growing grass, or a Gripe, grip, v. t. [griped (gript), griping.] To catch
colorcomposed of blue and yellow verdant ;emerald ; with the hand, clutch; to seize and hold fast; to pain
see Light full of life and vigor; new; recent; not
; the bowels of , as if by pressure or contraction; to
ripe not fully grown or perfect immature in age
; ; pinch, distress. V. i. —
To hold or pinch as with a
or experience; young; raw; awkward; not seasoned; gripe; to get money by hard bargains or exactions;
not dry containing its natural juices.
; n. The — to suffer griping pains. (iVrtui.) To tend to come
color of growing plants a grassy plain or plat. pi. ; up into the wind, as a ship. n. Grasp; seizure;
Fresh leaves or branches; wreaths. (Coo^'er?/.) Leaves clutch; that on which the grasp is put; a handle; op-
and stems of young plants pression cruel exaction; pinching distress; spas-
—
;

dressed f or_food. v. t. modic pain in the intestines. {Naut.) The fore-

[GREENED (grend), green- foot; sharpness of a ship's stern under the water; pi.
ing.] "To make green. ropes, dead-eyes, and hooks, to secure the boats to
Greet, gret, v. t. To salute the deck. —
Grip, grTp, w. A
grasp; a holding fast;
kindly or respectfully, wel- a peculiar clasp of the hand; that bj' which anything
come, accost. V. i. To give — is grasped. —
v. i. [gripped (grTpt), -ping.] logive
salutations. a grip to, grasp, gripe.
Gregarious, gre-ga'rY-us, a. Grisette, gre-zef, n. A
young, laboring French
Living in a flock or herd. woman; esp. one kept as a servant and mistress.
Grenade, gre-nad', n. (Mil.} Grisly, gris'll, a. Frightful; horrible; terrible.
A hollow shell filled with Grist, Gristle, etc. See under Grind.
powder, and fired by a fuse. Grit, grit, ?). Sand or gravel; rough particles; struc-
— Gren ' adier', - d e r ', n. ture of a stone as to fineness or coarseness, or adap-
Orig., a soldier who threw _ , , _ tation to grinding and sharpening; spirit; spunk.
grenades later, one of a ;
Grenade and Fuse, (Geol.) Ahard, gritty conglomerate or sand-stone.
company of tall soldiers, posted on the right of a pi. Hulled and broken grain; groats. (^High Milling.)
battalion, to lead it in attacks; Fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats. —
now, one of a regiment so- V. i. To give forth a sound as of sand under the feet;
called. to grind. —
v. t. To grind, grate. Grit'ty, -tT, a. —
Grew. Grow.
See Containing, or consisting of, sand, etc.; rough; spir-
Grey. Same as Gray. ited and resolute. —
Grit''stone, n. hard sand- A
Greyhound, gra'hownd, n. A stone.
slender, swift, keen-sighted Grizzle, griz'zl, n. Gray; a mixture of white and
variet3^ of dog. [Not f r. gray.} black. —Griz'zled, -zld, a. Gray. Griz'zly, -zlT, —
Griddle, grid'^dl, n. pan, A a. Somewhat gray.
broad r.nd shallow, for bak- Groan, gron, [groaned (grond), groaning.] To
v. i.

ing cakes ;. a cover, to close give forth a low, moaning sound, as in pain or sor-
an opening in the top of a p , , row; to strive after earnestly. — n. A low, moaning
stove a sieve with a wire hot-
;
Vxrey nouna. sound, —
uttered in pain; sometimes, in derision.
tom, used by miners.— Grid'iron, -i-ern, n. A grated Groats, grawts, n. jjI. Oats or wheat broken or cracked.
utensil_for broiling meat, etc. Grocer, grosser, n. A
dealer in tea, sugar, spices, etc.
Grief, gref, n. Pain of mind painful sense of loss ; ;
— Gro''cery, -ser-T, n. pi. Commodities sold by gro-
caiise of sorrow. —
Grieve, grev, i\ t. [gbkved cers. A grocer's store.
(grevd), grieving.] To occasion grief to, inflict Grog, grog, n. A
mixture of spirit and water, usually
mental pain upon, make sorrowful. r. i. To feel — not sweetened. —
Grog'gery, -ger-T, n. grog-shop. A
grief, be in pain of mind on account of an evil, sor- — Grog^gy, -gt, «. Overcome with grog tipsy ; ;

row, mourn. —
Griev'ance, -ans, n. A cause of grief weakened in a fight so as to stagger; moving in a
or uneasiness; wrong done and suffered; affliction; hobbling manner, from tender feet, said of a horse. —
burden oppression injury.
; Griev'ous, -us, a.
;
— — Grog'giness, n. —
Grog'shop, m. place for re- A
Causing grief or sorrow; painful; hard to bear; hei- tailing, etc.
nous; flagitious; full of grief. Grogram, grog' ram, Grog'^ran, n. A coarse stuff made
Griffon, n. (Myth.) An imaginary
Griffin, grif-'fin. ot silk and mohnir; also, a strong, coarse silk.
animal, generated between the lion and eagle. Groin, groin, w. The depressed part of the body be-
(Zobl.) A species of vulture found in the moun- tween belly and thigh. (Arch.) The angular curve
tainous parts of Europe, N. Africa, and Turkey. made by the intersection of 2 semi-cylinders or
Grig, grig, n. The sand eel; a cricket; grasshopper. arches.— D. t. [groined (groind), groining.] (Arch.)

fiOn, ciibe, full ; moon, tSbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 GROOM 168 GUARD
To fashion into, or adorn dregs; sediment; a thin, coarse mortar; also, a finer
with groins. — Grioined, material, used in finishing ceilings; a kind of wild
groind, a. {Arch.) Hav- apple. ——
V. t. To fill up (joints between stones) with
ing an angular curve made grout. Grout'y, -T, a. Cross; surly; sullen.
by intersection of arches. Grove, gr5v, n. A
cluster of trees shading an avenue;
Groom, groom, ?i. servant; A a group of trees smaller than a forest.
esp. one in charge of Grovel, grov'l, V. I. [-eled (-Id), -eling. To creep '

horses; one of several offi- on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to act
cers of the English royal in a prostrate posture: to be low or mean.
household, chiefly in the Grow, gro, v. i. [imp. grew (groo); p. p. grcvvn (gron);
lord chamberlain's depart- growing.] To increase in size by a natural and or-
ment a man recently
; ganic process; to increase in any w'ay, be augmented;
married, or about to be to thrive, flourish; to result as an effect from a
married; a bridegroom. — cause, become; to become attached or fixed, adhere.
V. t. [GEOOMED (groomd), — V. To cause to grow, cultivate, produce, raise.
t.

GEOOMiXG.] To tend or — Growth, Process of growing; gradual increase

71.

care for (a horse). — Groined Arch.

of animal and vegetable bodies; produclion; that
Grooms'inan, An n. at- which has grown; effect; result.
tendant of a bridegroom at his wedding. Growl, growl, V. [growled
(growld), gi.owlixg.]
I.
Groove, groov, ?t. A furrow, channel; a long' hollow To murmur or snarl, as a dog; to utter n angry, ;

cut by a tool. —
v. t. [grooved (groovd), grooving.] griimbling sound. v.t. To express by;rrowling.
To cut a groove in, form into grooves, furrow. — 71. The murmur of a cross dog.
Grope, grop, v. i. [groped (gropt), groping.] To at- Grub, grub, v. i. [grubbed (grubd), -bing.] To dig
tempt to find something in the dark, or as a blind in or under the ground; to be occupied in digging;
person, by feeling; to feel one's way. v. t. To — to beg, esp. food. —
v. t. To dig, dig up by the roots.
search out by feeling in the dark. — 71. A
fleshy larve, esp. a larve of a beetle or wee-
Gross, gros, a. Great; excessively or disproportion- vil; ashort, thick man, dwarf that which is grubbed ;

ately large bulky coarse rough not easily aroused

; ; ; ; up for food; victuals.
stupid; vulgar; indelicate; obscene; impu'-e; thick; Grudge, gruj, 1-. «. [grudged (grujd), grudging.] To
dense; palpable; whole; entire; total. n. .Vhe main part with reluctantly, desire to get back aj^ain. v. —
body, mass; the number of I. To be covetous or envious, unwilling or reluc-
12 dozen. —GrosB^ness, «.— tant. —
71. Uneasiness at the possession of something

Gross'beak, -bek, n. A sing- by another; ill will; envy; pique; hatred; spite.
ing bird of several species, Gruel, groo'el, n. A
light, liquid food, mado by boil-
allied to the finch and lin- ing meal in water.
net, having a convex bill, Gruff, gruf, a. Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or
verj' thick at the base. countenance; rugged; harsh.
Grot, gro_t. Grot'' to, n. ; pi. Grum, grum, a. Slorose severe of countenance; ;

-toes, -toz. A
natural cav- glum; grim; low; deep in the throat; giittural.
ern; an artificial cave or cav-
Uros, h^oV
—
oeaK.
„ — Griun'hle, -bl, v. [-blud (-bid),
Gruin''ly, of/r. i.

ern-likc apartment. Gro- -bling.] To murmur with discontent io growl, ;

tesque'', -tesk'', a. Like figures formerly painted in snarl; to rumble, roar. — v. To expiess with t.
grottoes; whimsical; extravagant. grumbling. —
Grum'bler, n.
Ground, inii). and^;i. 75. of Grind c^. v. Grunt, grunt, I), i. To make a deep guttural noise,
Ground, grownd, n. The surface of the earth, also of like a hog. 71. —
A guttural, or short, rough sound.
a floor; region; territory; land; estate; basis on which Guaiacum, gwa''ya-kum, n. A genus of small, crooked
anything rests foundation premise, reason, or da- trees, of tropical Amer. balsamic resin Oi. lignum- ;

tum
;

originating force, agency, or agent. {Paint.)

;
;

vita3, —
used in med.
The surface on which an object is represented; that Guano, gwifno, 71. Excrement of sea-fowls, - used as
portion of manulactured articles, of a uniform color, manure.
on which the figures are drawn or projected, pi. Guarantee, gar'an-tc'^, n. {Laic.) A promise to an-
Sediment; dregs: lees. {Arch.) Pieces of wood, flush swer for the paj^ment of some debt, or performance
with the plastering, to which moldings, etc.. are at- of some duty, in ease of the failure of another who
tached. {Mus.) A composition in which the base, is primarily liable; a warranty; security; a guaran-
consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is tor; the person to_whom a guaranty is made. v. t. —
continually repeated to a varying melody; the tune [guaranteed (-ted-'), -teeing.] To engage for the
on which descants are raised. 'Elec.) conduct- A payment of debt or performance of dutv, by an-
ing connection with the earth, making it part of an other person; to make sure; warrant. Gvar^'anty, —
electrical circuit. —
v. t. To lay or set .''n the ground; -tX,7i. —
V.t. [-tied (-tid), -TYING (-tl-ing),] Form
to found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, fix firmly; of Guarantee generally used by legal w riters in
to instruct m
elements or first princip.es. {Elec.) U. S. —
Guar'antor', -tor', 71. {Law.) One who makes
To connect with the ground, so as to make the earth or gives a guarantj^; a warrantor; surety; one who
apartof an electrical circuit. v. i. To run aground; — engages to secure another in any right or possession.
to strike and remain fixed. Ground'less, a. With- — Guard, gard, v. t. To protect from danger to secure ;

out ground or foundation; false. against surprise, attack, or injur}' to accompany ;

Group, groop, n. A
cluster, crowd, or throng; an as- for protection to protect the edge of, esp. with an
;

semblage of persons or things; an assemblage of fig- ornamental border. v. i. To watch by way of—
ures or objects in a certain order or relation, or hav- caution or defense; to be in a state of defense or
ing some resemblance or common characteristic. safety. ?;. —
That which guards or secures as, a ;

{jfus.) A number notes tied to-

of 8th, Itith, etc., man or body of men stationed to protect a person or
gether; any musical ornament consisting of several position, a watch, sentinel; or, one in charge of a
short tones. — v. t. mail coach or a railroad train, conductor; or, an ex-
[grouped (groopt), pression or admission to secure against objections
grouping.] To form a or censure any attachment to protect against in-
;

group of, form an as- jury, defacement, or loss; as, part of a sword hilt
semblage, arrange, protecting the hand; or, ornamental lace or hen\
combine. protecting the edge of a garment; or, a chain or cord
Grouse, grows, n. A fastening a timepiece to one's person; or, a fence to
stout-legged rasorial prevent falling from the decK of a ves:;el; or, a
bird, of several species, widening of the deck of a steamboat by a frame-
with feathered feet and work, which protects the water-wheel and the shaft
short bill. against collision, {Fe7ici7ig.) posture (if defense. A
Grout, growt, n. Coarse — Guard'ian, -T-an, n. One who guards, preserves,
meal; pollard; a kind of or secures a warden. {Law.) One who has the
;

thick ale; lees;grounds; Grouse- custody of the person or property of an infant, a

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, or
 GUAVA 169 GURGLE
minor without living parents, or a person incapable bling the violin, having 6 strings, played upon with
of managing lus own affairs. a. Guarding; pro- — the fingers.
tecting. — Guard'iaiiship, n.
Office of a guafdian. Gulch, gulch, n. Orig., a glutton a ravine ; deep ;

Guava, ^wa-'va, n. A
tropical tree, or its fruit, which ravine or water-course.
is made into jelly. Gules, giilz, n. {Her.) A
red color; red.
Gubernatorial, gu'ber-na-to''rt-al, a. Pert, to govern- Gulf, gulf 71. An abyss; deep chasm or basin. (Geog.)
,

ment, or a governor. A large bay open sea. ;

Gudgeon, gud^jun, n. A small fresh-water fish, easilj"^ Gull, gul, n. iOrnith.) A

web-footed sea-fowl, with
caught a person
: long, narrow wings, and a straight beak hooked at
easily cheated or the tip. A
trick; fraud; one easilj' cheated; a dupe.
insnared a bait — V. t. [GULLED (iuld), -LING.] To deceive, cheat,
allurement.
:

defraud. —
Gul'lible, -ll-bl, a. Easily deceived.
iMach.) The iron Gullet, gul'let, n. {Anat.) The esophagus. Some-
pin in the end of thing resembling the food-passage. Gul'ly, -It, n. —
a wooden shaft or A channel worn in the earth by a current of water;
axle, on which it a ditch; gutter. f. t. —
[gullied (-lid), -lyixg.] To
turns in a collar or on a gudgeon-block; formerly, wear into a gully. —
Gulos'ity, -los'I-tl, n. Greedi-
the part of any horizontal shaft on which it runs. ness voracity.
;

{Naut.) An eye or clamp on the stern-post to hang Gulp, gulp, r. t. [gulped (gulpt), GULPiXG.] To swal-
the rudder on. low eagerly, swallow up. n. swallow, or as — A
Guerrilla, ger-riKla, n. An irregular warfare, by at- much as is swaltowed at once; a disgorging.
tacks of independent bands; one who carries on ir- Gum, gum, n. The hard, fleshy substance covering
regular or predatory warfare. the jaw» and investing the teeth. Gum'-rash, n. —
Guess, ges, v. t. [guessed (gest), -sixg.] To judge of (Med.) A
cutaneous disease.
at random; to form an opinion of, from reasons Gum, guni,?i. vegetable A secretion of many trees
seemingly preponderating, but not decisive; to con- and plants which hardens when it exudes, but is
jecture"rightl3^; to hit upon by accident. —v. i. To soluble in water; also, with less proprietj', exuda-
make a guess, think, suppose. — n. A conjecture; tions not soluble in water. —i\ t. [gummed (gumd),
judgment without sufficient grounds. -MING.] To smear with, or unite or stiffen hy gum.
Guest, gest, n. A
visitor; a lodger at a hotel, etc. — V. i. To harden into gum, become gummy.
GuSaw, guf-faw', n. A loud burst of laughter. Gum'^my, -ml, -mous, -mus, a. [-miek, -miest.]
Gtiide, gid, v. t. To lead or direct, conduct in a course Consisting of, producing, or covered with, gum; vis-
or path, pilot to regulate and manage, train, in-
; cous adhesive.
;
—
Gum'-res'in, -rez'in, n. The
fluence. n. —
One wlio. or that which, etc.; a path- milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air ;

finder conductor
; ; director ; regulator. {Mil.) A an inspissated sap a combination of true gum and
;

resin, requiring both water and alcohol to entirely

non-commissioned
distance, etc.
officer, placed on the flank of a
rank or end of a line, to preserve proper position,
—
Guid'ance.-ans, n. Act of guiding ;
dissolve it. —
tree. n. (Bot.) The black gum, of the
southern U. S.; a large Australian tree. In thesoutlb-
direction; government. —
Guide'-bars, -blocks, n. pi. em U. S., a hollow tree.
{Mach.) Pieces of metal on which the cross-head of Gxtmbo, gum''bo, 7i. Okra a dish composed of okiHf ;

a steam - en- tomatoes, and a little mustard together.

gine slides, Gump, gump, n. A foolish person dolt dunce. : ;

keeping it Ne Gumption, gump'shun, Capacity; shrewdness;

n.
parallel to the > 3Ql common sense.Art of preparing colors.
{Paint.)
cylinder Gun, gun, ??. Any weapon having a long barrel from
slide-rods.
Guild, gild, n.
;

m
Guide-bars, which missiles are thrown by the power of gun-
powder, compressed air, etc. {Mil.) A cannon
An association of men, of the same class or kindred proper, as distinguished from howitzers, etc. v. i. —
pursuits, for mutual aid and protection. Guild''- — [guxned (gund), -xixg.] To practice fowling or
hall, -hawl, n. The haE where a guild or corpora- hunting small game. —
Gun-'ner, n. One who works
tion assemble. a gun a naval warrant officer, in charge of the
Guile, gil, n. CrafJ; artifice; duplicity; deceit. ordnance.
;

—
Gun''nery, -ner-T, ?i. Art and science
Guillotine, giKlo-ten', n. machine for beheading A of firing guns. —
Gun'ning, n. Act or practice of
by the stroke of a steel blade. hunting game with a gun. Gun''nel, Gun''wale, —
— V.t. [GUI l'l o t I n e D'' -nel, n. {Xaut.) The upper edge of a vessel's side;
(-tend'), -TixiXG.] To be- uppermost wale of a ship. Gun''powder, n. A mix- —
head with, etc. [Inventor's ture of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal pulverized,
name.] granulated, and dried.— Gun'reach, n. The distance
Guilt, gilt, n. State resulting to which a gun will shoot gunshot. Gun'shot, ru; —
'from violation of law; crim- {Mil.) The distance of the point-blank range of a
inality and consequent ex- cannon-shot; effective distance to which shot can be
posure to punishment ; of- thrown from a gun. —
Gun'smlth, n. One who
fense against right expo- ; makes or repairs small arms; armorer. Gun'stock, —
sure to legal penalty or for- n. The
stock or wood in which the barrel of a gun
f e i t u r e. —
Guilfy, -T, a. is fixed. —
Gun'-boat, n. {Mil.) boat or vessel of A
[-IER,-IEST.] Evincing guilt;
—
light draught, fitted to carrj' guns. cot'ton, n. A
criminal wicked. Guilf- highly explosive substance obtained by soaking
—
;

ily, a(/iJ.— Guilfiness, n.—. Guillotine. cotton, etc., in nitric and sulphuric acids, -deck, n.
Guilt''less, a. Free from guilt without experience {Naut.) Lower deck of a ship where the gun-room
— ;

main-deck of a frigate, etc., where guns are in

or trial. Guiltlessness, n.
Guinea, gin^e, n. An old gold coin of Eng., worth
21 shillings sterling, or about .$.5. Guinfea-fowl, —
is ;

battery. —
met'al, n. An alloy of»9 jJarts of copper
and 1 of tin, used for cannon, etc. room, n. {Naut.) —
-hen, n. A harsh voiced fowl allied to the pheas- An apartment on the after end of the lower gun-
ants, orig. fr. Africa.
n. A
worm,
long, parasitic worm of
— deck of a ship of war, occupied by the gunner or as
a mess-room by the lieutenants, etc.
hot regions, burrowing in hu- Gunnel, gun''nel, n. A
little spotted fish, found on the
man cellular tissue, esp. of the N. Atlantic shores.
legs. Gunny, gun'nT, n. A
strong, coarse kind of sacking.
Guinea-pig, gin'e-pig, n. A small Gunter's Chain, gun''t,erz-chan. The chain commonly
Brazilian rodent. used for measuring land, —
being 4 rods, or 66 feet,
Guise, giz, n.External appear- long. —
G.-Scale. A
rule, 2 feet long, with graduated
ance m
manner or dress; garb; lines for solving questions in arithmetic, etc.
mien; custom; mode; practice. Gurgle, ger''gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To run
Guitar, gi-tar', n. A stringed
Guitar.
or flow in a broken, noisy current. n. Sound —
musical instrument, res em- made by flowing liquid.
stin, cube, full ; moon, fdbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxbox, chair, get.
 GURNARD 170 HACKLE
G^lmard, ggr'nard, -net, n. A sea-fish, having a large Guttural, gufter-al, a. Pert, to, or formed in, the
and spiny head with throat. — n. A letter pronounced in the throat.
mailed cheeks, and Guy, gi, n. A
rope or rod attached to anything to
making a grunting steady it.
noise when caught. Guy, gi, n. A
grotesque effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed
3asb, gush, v. i. [gushed up m
Eng., on Nov. 5th, anniversary of the Gunpow-
(gUSht), GUSHING.] To der Plot; a person of queer dress or appearance.
now copiously, rush Guzzle, guz'zl, V. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To swal-
forth as a fluid from Gurnard. low liquor greedily, drink frequently. v. t. To
continement to act ; swallow much or often.' n. An insatiable person.
with a suddeni and rapid impulse to talk efEusively, Gybe, iib, v. t. & i. [gybed (jibd), gybing.] (xVawi.)
enthusiastically, or affectedly. n. Violent issue of — :

To shift from one side of a vessel to the other.

a fluid from an inclosed place ; fluid thus emitted Gymnasium, jim-na^zT-um, n. ; pi. -sia, -zt-a. A place
sentimentality. Gust, n. — blast of wind burst A
;

for athletic exercises; school for the higher branches

of passion. —
Gust''y, -i, a. Subject to, or attended
;

of literature and science. —

Gym'nast, n. One who
by, gusts ; tempestuous. teaches or practices gymnastic exercises manager
Gusset, gus'set, n. A
piece of cloth inserted in a gar- of a gymnasium. —
Gymnas'^tic, -tical, a. Pert, to,
;

ment, to strengthen or enlarge some part. etc. —

Gsmmas'tically, adv. —
Gymnas'tic, n. Ath-
Gust, n. A
squall. See under Gush. letic exercise; one who practices or teaches, etc.
. Gust, gust, Gus'to, n. The sen.<;e or pleasure of tast- Gynmas''tics, n. Athletic exercises, or the art of
ing; keen appreciation relish; capacity for enjoy- performing, etc.
— ;

ment ; taste. Gusfatory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to taste. Gypsum, jip'sum, n. (Min.) A

mineral consisting of
Gut, gut, n. The intestinal caaal of an animal ; a sulphate of lime and 21 per cent, of water: when
string made from an intestine; a narrow passage or hurnt to drive off the water, and ground up, it forms
channel of water. pL The whole mass of intestines. plaster of Paris.
— V. t. To take out the bowels from, eviscerate; to Gypsy, Gipsy, Gypsey, jip'^sTt, n. ; j)l. -sies, -siz. One
destroy the interior of. of a vagabond race, orig. fr. India, living by theft,
Gutta, gufta, n. ; pi. -tm, -te. drop. {Arch.) One A fortune-telling, tinkering, etc. a cunning or crafty
;

of a series of ornaments, person.

shaped like a frustum of G3?TUS, ji'rus, n. ;pl. -Ki, -ri. (^Anat.) convolution oi A
a cone, beneath the t r i- —
the brain. Gy''rate,-rat, v. i. To revolve round a cen-
glyphs, also the mutules, tral point, move spirally.— Gs^ra'tion, n. Act of turn-
in the Doric order. Gut'- — ing or whirling around a fixed center; a circular or
ter, n. A
channel for con- spiral motion; rotation. —
Gy'ratory, -to-rl, a. Mov-
veying away rain from a GuttEe.
—
—
ing in a circle, or spirally. Gyr'falcon, jer'^faw-kn,
roof, also at the road side, etc. v. t. [guttered n. A falcon from the far north, bolder and stron-
(-tSrd), -TEEING.] To form into small, longitudinal ger than the peregrine or common European falcon.
hollows or channels. —
v. i. To become hollowed or — Gy'roscope, -skop, n. A rotating wheel mounted
channeled. —
Gut'tiform, a. Drop-shaped. in a ring or rings, illustrating the dynamics of rota-
Gutta-percha, gufta-per'cha, n. An inelastic inspis- ting bodies, composition of rotations, etc.
sated sap from trees of the Malayan archipelago, re- Gyve, jiv, n. A
shackle, esp. one to confine the legs;
sembling caoutchouc in its properties. a fetter. — v. t. [gyved (jivd), gyving.] To fetter.

H.
H, ach, the 8th letter of the Eng. alphabet, commonly (luence ; customary manner or mode of living, feel-
classed as a consonant, is a mere breathing, aspira- ing, or acting. —
Habitue, a-bit'oo-a'', n. One habit-
ting a following vowel. (Mus.) The 7th degree in uated to a certain place, employment, etc. ; a fre-
the diatonic scale, used by Germans for B natural. quenter.
Ha, ha, interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, or Hack, hak. v. t. [hacked (hakt), hacking.] To cut
grief. irregularly and awkwardly, notch to speak with
Habeas Corpus, ha'be-as-k6r'pus. {Law.) writ to A stops or hesitation. v. i. —
To cough in a broken
;

bring a party before a court or judge esp., one to manner, hawk. —n. A
notch cut hesitating or ;

inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment

;

faltering speech. —
Hag'gle, v. t. [-gled (-gld),
;

or detention by another, to protect the right to per-

sonal liberty. [L., you may have the body.]
-GLiNG.] To cut into small pieces; to roughen by
cutting; to tease, worry. v. i. —
To be difficult in
i
Haberdasher, haD''er-dash'er, n. seller of small A bargaining, chaffer, higgle. —Hig'^gle, w. i. [-gled
wares, such as tapes, pins, needles, thread, etc. (-gld), -CLING.] To carry provisions about for sale ;
Habiliment, ha-biKT-ment, n. A garment clothing. ; to chaffer.
.Habit, hab''it, n. The usual condition of a person or Hack, hak, n. A horse, or carriage, let out for com-
thing ordinary state esp. physical temperament
; ; mon hire; a family horse used m all kinds of work;
fixed custom involuntary tendency or aptitude
; a man who hires liimself out for literary work a ;

•Jto perform certain actions, acquired by their fre- drudge a large pick for working stone a rack for
; ;

quent repetition ; manner ; way ; custom moral

; feeding cattle; a frame for drying fish, or cheeses; a
character attire dress habiliment a garment, place where bricks are dried before burning the
; ;

esp. a closely fitting coat worn by ladies. v. t. To

; ;

— wooden frame in the tailrace of a mill. a. Hack- — ;

dress, clothe, array. —

Hab^itant, n. An inhabitant; neyed; hired; mercenary. —
Hack'ney, -nT, n. ; pi.
—
dweller; resident. Hab''itable, a. Hab'^itableness, — -KEYS, -niz. A hack; nag; pony; one worn by hired
-abil'lty, -tT, n. —
Hab'itancy, -an-sT, n. Same as drudgery; a hireling; prostitute. a. Let out for —
Inhabitancy. —
Habita'^tion, n. Act of inhabit- hire; prostitute; much used; common; trite. v. «. —
ing; state of dwelling place of abode mansion [HACKNEYED (-nid), -NEYiNG.] To dcvotc to Com-
—
; ; ;

residence. Habifual, -u-al, a. Formed or ac- mon use, as a liorse or coach; to make trite or com-
quired by, or according to, habit rendered per- monplace.
manent by continued causes. Habifually, adv. — ;

— Hackberry, hak'b5r-rT, n. An Amer. tree, resembling

Habit'^uate, v. t. To make accustomed, accustom; an elm, bearing a small, edible fruit.
familiarize. —
Habit'ua'tion, n. Act of, or state of Hackle, hak'l, Heck'le, Hatch'el, hach'l, v. t. [-led
being, etc. —
Hab'itude, -tud, n. Frequent repeti- (-1(1), -LINO.] To separate, as the coarse part of flax
tion of an act or feeling, and its resulting conse- or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through tha

am, fame, far, pasrs or opera, fSre ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — '' —

HACKMATACK 171 HAND

teeth of a hackle or hatchel; to tear rudely asunder. An English coin worth 1 cent the value of half a
— n. An instrument with teeth lor separatinjj
(coarse flax from fine) any flimsy substance uu-
;
penny.
-ton.
step, n. —
(.JUit-i.) A semitone.
A middle tint, neither very dark nor very
tone,
;

—
spun, as raw silk: a fly for angling.
Hackmatack, hak'ma-tak,
tamarack tree.
n. The black larch or
light, in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a
photo-engraving having such tints.
the middle; at half the distance.
way, adv. In
a. Midwav. —
—
Had. See Have. Halibut, hoKY-but, n. A large, edible flat-fish, dark
Haddock, had'dok, n. A sea-fish smaller than the cod, above and white beneath.
which it resembles. Hall, hawl, n. A building or large room devoted to
Hades, lia'dez,?;. The hab- public business or domestic convenience a pas- ;

itation of the dead sage-way at the entrance of a house or suite of cham-

Haft, haft, n. A handle bers a manor-house ; a large edifice belonging; to a
(of a sword, etc.); hilt. collegiate institution a place of public assembly a; ;

Hag, hag, n. An ugly old Haddock. college in an English university.

woman; a fury; she-monster; a witch; sorceress. Halleluiah, -jah, hal'le-lu'ya, Allelu'iali, re. & intety.
Hag'gard, a. Appearing wasted by want; thin; hol- Praise ye Jeliovah, an exclamation. —
low-eyed. Halloo, hal-loo'', v. t. [-looed (-lood'), -looing.] To
Haggard, hag'gard, a. Wild or intractable. n. An — cry out, call to by name, or by the word halloo.— v. t.
untrained hawk; anything wild or intractable. To encourage with shouts, cfiase with shouts, call or
Haggle. See under Hack, v. t. shout to. re. —
Ar call to invite attention. interj. —
Hagio^rapha, hag-I-og'ra-f a, w. pi. That part of the Ho, there! ho!
Old Testament not embraced by the Law and the Hallow, haf lo, v. t. [-lowed (-lod), -lowing.] To
—
Prophets; the lives of the saints. Hagiol'ogy, -jY, n. make holy, consecrate, treat as sacred.— Halloween'',
A narrative of the lives of the saints. -en', 71. The evening preceding All Saints' daj'.
Haguebut, hag^but or hag-'e-but. See Aequebuse. Hallucination, hal-lu'sY-na'shun, re. Error; delusion;
Ha£, interj. Same as Ha. mistake an illusion of sensible perception, occa-
;

Ha-ha, ha-ha', n. A fence, wall, or ditch sunk in a sioned by some bodily or organic disorder.
slope so as not to be seen until one is close upon it. Halo, ha'lo, n. ; pi. Ha'los, -loz. A circle of light; in
Hail, hal, n. Frozen rain, or n;rains of ice precipi- painting, a glorj' a luminous circle round the sun
tated from the clouds. —v. i. [hailed (hald), hail- or moon. v. t. or i. —
;

[haloed (-lod), haloing.]

IXG.] To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapor. To form, or surround with, a halo.
— V. t. To pour down, as hail. Halt, ha wit, i'. i. To stop in. walking or marching;
Hail, hal, interj. An exclamation of salutation. n. —
to step lamely, limp; to hesitate
— to nave an irregu-
—
A wish of health; a salutation. v. t. To call to one lar rhythm. v. t. {Mil.) To cause to cease march-
;

at a distance to salute to name, address. In the

; ; ing to stop. ;
—
a. Halting in walking lame. n. ;
—
phrase, to hail from, to assign as a ship's port of reg- A stop in marching; act of limping; lameness.
istry, or the place whence one comes or to which Halter, hawf ter, n. A strong strap or cord esp. a ;

one belongs. —Hale, a. Sound; healthy; robust. strap and headstall for a horse a rope for hanging
Hair, har, n. A small animal filament growing from malefactors. v. t. —
[halteeed (-terd), -teeing.J
;

the skin, or a ma.ss of such. {Bot.) Afilament onthe To put a halter on.
surface of plants. {Mech.) Asecondaryspringinsome Halve. See under Half.
rifle or pistol locks, to unlock the timibler. — Hair'y, Halyard, Halliard, haf yard, n. (Naut.) A rope or
-Y, a. Made of, covered with, or like, etc. Hair'- — tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc.
iness, n. — Hair^less, a. Without hair. Hair''-—Ham, ham, re. The inner or hind part of the knee;
breadth, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a the thigh of any animal, esp. that of a hog cured by
very small distance, — a. Very narrow. salting and smoking. —Ham'string, re. One of the
Hake, hak, n. A sea-flsh of —
tendons of the leg. r. t. [hamstrung or -stringed
the cod family, having (-stringd), -stringing.] To lame or disable by cut-
only 2 dorsal fins. ting the_tendons, etc.
Halberd, hoKberd, -bert, n. Hames, liamz, re. jjI. The curved pieces fastening a
An ancient weapon, a horse's traces and harness to the collar.
17 W
xiaKe. Hamlet, ham'let, re. A small village.
combination of battle-ax,
spear, and biU-hook, with a handle 6 ft. long. Hammer, ham'mer, re. An instrument for driving
Halcyon, haKsT-on, n. The king-fisher. —
a. Pert, to, nails, beating metals, etc. something of like form ;

—
or like the halcyon, which was said to lay her eggs or action,"as the striker of a clock, gun lock, etc.
near the sea during the calm weather about the V. t. [hammered (-merd), -mering.] To beat, form,
winter solstice; peaceful; happy. or forge with a hammer; to contrive by intellectual
Hale, hal, a. Sound; healthy. labor, —v. i. To be busy; to be in agitation.
Hale, hal or hawl, i\ t. [haled (hald or hawld), hal- Hammock, ham'mok. n. A netting or cloth suspended
ing.] To drag, haul. by clews, to hold a bed,
Half, haf, re. ; pi. Halves, havz. One of 2 equal parts etc.
of a thing. — a. Consisting of a moiety, or half Hamper, ham'pSr, n. A
.

adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree. Halve, — large basket for con-
hav, r. t. [HALVED (hiivd), halvixg.] To divide veying things to mar-
into 2 equal parts. —Half-and-half', n. A mixture ket, etc. An instru-
of beer or porter and ale. ^blood, n. Relation be- ment that shackles; a
tween persons born of the same fatherorof the same — v. [ham- Hammock.
mother, but not of both. —
blood'ed, a. Proceeding
from a male and female of different breeds or races;
fetter.
pered
ing.] To put
t.
-pee-
(-perd),
a fetter on, shackle, encumber.
degenerate mean.
; breed, n. A
person who is Hand, hand, re. The outer extremity of the human
esp. the offspring of Indians and arm, consisting of the palm, thumb, and fingers;

——
half-blooded ;

A brother by one parent that which resembles a hand, as, a limb of certain
whites.
only.
broth'er, v.
sis'ter, r;. —
caste, n. One born of a Hindoo
parent on the one side, and of a European on the
animals, or an index or pointer of a dial; a measure
of the hand's breadth; 4 inches; a palm, applied —
cock, n. The position of the cnck of a gun to the measurement of a horse's height; side; part;
other.
when retained by the first notch.
A minim, in value
—
note, n. (Mus.) direction; power of perforhiance ; skill; actual per-
formance; deed; act; an agent, servant, or laborer;
one half of a semi-
breve, or whole note,
^-:pz st}''le of handwriting ; chirography ; possession ;
ownership: course of performance or execution;
and represented isi: agency in the transmission from one person to an-
— thus:
pay, n. Half the
amount of wages or
-j=^ other;" that which is held in a hand at once.
To give, transmit, lead, guide, or lift, with the
v. t.

Half Notes.
salarv; more common-
ly, diminished or reduced pay. —
^penny, hafpen-nY,
hap'pen-nt, or ha''pen-nY,w.jpZ.; Half-pence, haf-.
hand.— Hand'y, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Skillful in using
the hand dexterous adroit ; readj' to the hand ;
convenient.
; ;

— Hand'ily, adv. — Hand'cuff, n. A fas-

sQn, cube, fuU ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, cliair, get.
 HANG 172 HARM
tening consisting of a rin^ around the wrist, iisually luck, or fortune; successful; enjoying good; de-
connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a lighted; satisfied; secureof good;prosperous;blessed;
manacle.—!.', t. [haxdcuffed (-kuft), -cuffing.] furnishingenjoyment; propitious ;favorable.—Hap''-
To put handcuffs on; to manacle. Hand^ful, -ful, — pily, -pX-lI, adv. By good fortune; in a happj' man-
n. ; pi. -FULS. As much as the hand will contain; a ner, state, or circumstances; with address or dexter-
small quantity or number. —
Haiid''maid, -maiden, ity; luckily; successfully; felicitously; gracefully.
n. A maid tliat waits at hand; a female servant. Hap''piness, n.
Hand'writ'ing, n. The form of writing peculiar to Hara-kiri, ha''ra-ke''rY, n. A Japanese method of sui-
each hand or person; chirography; what is written cide by cutting open the stomach. [Incorrectly
—
by hand; manuscript. Hand^icaj), n. A race in written hari-kari.']
which the horses carry different weights, according Harangue, ha-rang'', n. A speech addressed to a pub-
to their age and character for speed, etc., to equalize lic assembly; a popular oration declamation; rant- ;

the chances as much as possible an allowance of ; ing. —

V. i. [iiARAXGUED (-rangd''), -RAXGUIXG.] To
—
a certain amount of time or distance in starting, address a large assembly. v. t. To address by a
ranted in a race to the competitor possessing in- harangue.
ferior advantages. ^
v. t. To encumber with a Harass, har''as, v. t. [-assed (-ast), -assixg.] To fa-
handicap to hamper.
;
—
Hand'icraft, n. Manual tigue to excess; to weary with importunit}', care, or
occupation; work ijerformed by the liand. Hand- —
perplexity; to annoy an enemy by repeatecl and un-
icraftsman, n. ; pi- -MEX. A man skilled in manual looked-for attacks to weary, jade, tease, vex, dis-
occupation a manufacturer.
;
—
Hand''iwork, 7i. turb.
;

—
Work done by the hands. Hand'kerchief, hank''- Harbinger, har''bin-jer, n. An officer of the Eng.
er-ehif, n. A cloth, for wiping the face, etc.; a neck- royal household who precedes the court when trav-
erchief; neckcloth. —
Hand^le, -1, v. t. [-led (-Id), eling, to provide lodgings, etc.; a forerunner; pre-
-LixG.] To touch; to use or hold with the hand; to cursor. —
v. <. [harbixgered (-jerd), -GEEiXG.] To
manage or wield; to make familiar bj' frequent precede and announce, usher in.
touching; to deal with, practice; to treat; to practice Harbor, har''ber, n. A place of security and comfort;
on, transact with; to discourse on, discuss. n. That —
a lodging; asylum; a refuge for ships; port or haven.
part of a vessel or instrument held in the hand when —
v.t. [HARBORED (-herd), -BORIXG.] To entertain
—
used. Eand'some, han'^sum, a. [-somer, -somest.] as a guest, shelter; to protect (a ship from storms)
Having a pleasing appearance or expression; come- to secrete (a thief); to indulge, cherish (malice, etc.).
ly; good-looking; marked with propriety and ease; —
1\ i. To lodge or abide for a time to take shelter. ;

appropriate; liberal; generous; modei-ately large. Hard, hard, a. Not easily penetrated, or separated
Hang, hang, v. t. [h.^xged (hangd) or huxg, haxg- into parts not j'ielding to pressure
; difficult to ;

IXG. Hanged is preferable to hunr) when reference penetrate with the understanding; difficult to ac-
is had to execution by suspension.] To suspend; to complish; full of obstacles; difficult to resist or con-
fasten, so as to allow of free motion vipon the point or trol; difficult to bear or endure; severe; oppressive;
points of suspension; to put to death by suspending; unreasonalle; unjust; difficult to please or touch;
to decorate by hanging pictures, tropliies, drapery, not easy to influence; not agreeable to the taste;
etc.; to d^-oop. —
v. i. To be suspended, dangle, de- rough, acid, sour, as liquors. (Pron.) Abrupt or
pend; to be fastened so as to allow free motion on explosive in utterance. adr. With pressure; with
the point of suspension; to rest for support, depend; urgency; diligently; earnestlj'; with difficulty; un-
to be a weight; to hover, impend; to lean or in- easily; vexatiously; vigorously; energetically; laip-
cline.— n. The manner in which one part hangs idlyjviolentlj'. —
Hard'^ly, adv. In a difficult man-
iTpon another; connection; arrangement; plan. — ner; scarcely; barely; severely; harshly; roughrf.
Hang-'er, w. One' who, or that which, etc.; a short —
Hard'en, -n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To
sword; that by which a thing is suspended, esp. make hard or more hard; to indurate; to strengthen,
{Much.) a part suspending a journal-box, in which inure; to confirm in wickedness, obstinacy, etc.
shafting runs. —
Hang''er-on, n. One who hangs on, V. i. To become hard or more hard, acquire solid-
or sticks to, a person, place, or plan; a dependent.-^ ity; to become strengthened! Hard'^ener, -n-er, «. —
Hang''ing, M. Death by suspension; that which is One who hardens. Hard'^hack, n. A very astrin- —
hung, as, drapery for a room. —
Hang''-dog, n. A de- 2:ent plant, common in pastures. —Hard'sMp, n.
graded man, fit only to be the hangman of dogs. —
That which is hard to bear, -as toil, injurj', etc. —
a. Like, etc. —
Hang''- Hard^ware, n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery,
man, n. ; pi. -hex. One kitchen furniture, etc. Hard''-fa'vored, a. Having —
who hangs another a coarse or harsh features. -flst'ed, a. Having hard —
public executioner.
;

— or strong hands, as a laborer; covetous; niggardly.

Hang^nail, n. A small —
Kard'y, -T, rt. [-ier, -iest.] Bold brave stout ; ;

piece of skin hanging fr. intrepid; full of assurance; impudent; strong; firm;
the root of a finger-nail. compact inured to fatigue able to bear exposure
; ;

Hang'bird, n. The Balti- to cold weather. —

Hard'ihood, -iness, n. Boldness,
—
more oi'iole, whose nest united with firmness jind constancy of mind au- ;

hangs from the limb of a dacity; impudence. —

tree.— nest, ?i. The nest
of, etc.— Hang -'ing- but-
Hard''ily, adv.
Hare, bar, w. A swift rodent, having long hind legs and
ears, short tail, and divided
tress, n. (Arch.) but- A upper lip. — HareMip, n.
tress supported upon a A lip, commonly
the upper
corbel, and not standing one, having a fissure or per-
solid on the foundation. pendicular division like
— Hank, hank, n. Two that of a hare. Har'rier, —
or more skeins of yarn har-'rl-er, n. k i a d ofA
or thread tied together. hound used m hunting Hare.
(JS^aut.) A ring sliding on Hang-nest. hares.
a stay, to which a sail is Harem, ha^'rem, n. The apartments allotted to females
bent. — Hank'er, V. i. [-ered (-erd), -ekixg.] To in the East; the wives and concubines belonging to
desire vehemently. one man.
Hap, hap, n. That which happens or comes suddenly Harier, Harrier. See under Hare and Harry.
or unexpectedly; chance; fortune; accident; casual Hark, hiirk, r. To listen.
[Imperat. of /ieariejj, q. v.]
event; fate; lot. —
)'. i. [happed (hapt), -pix'^G.] To
i'.

Harlequin, har''le-kin or -kwin, n. buffoon, dressed A

happen, befall, come by chance. —Hap-'ly, -It, adiK in partj'-colorcd clothes a merrj'-andrew zany.
; ;

By hap, chance, or accident; perhaps.— Hapless, a. Harlot, liar^lot, n. A

prostitute; strumpet. Har'lot- —
Without hap or luck; unfortunate unhappy. — ; ry, -rT, n. Trade or practice of, etc.; prostitution.
Hap'-haz'ard, n. Extra hazard; chance; accident. Harm, hiirm, n. Injury; luirt; damage; misfortune;
— Hap'pen, -pn, «. i. [-pexed (-pnd), -i-exixg.] To evil; wickedness. —
v.t. [iiarjied (hiirmd), harm-
come by chance, fall out; to take place, occur. IXG.] To hurt, damage. —
Harm-'ful, -ful, a. Full of
Hap'py, -pt, a. [-pier, -piest.] Favored by hap, —
harm; injurious. Harm'^less, a. Free from harm
fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, or
 — —

HARMONY 173 HATCHMENT

©r from power or disposition to harm; innocent; un- Harrier, «. A dog. See under Hare.— A bird. See
harmed. —
Hann''lessly, arfr. Harm'lessness, n. —
under Harry.
Haxmony, har'mo-nl, n. Just adaptation of parts to Harrow, har'ro, n. An iron-toothed instrument drawn
each other; concord or agreement in facts, opinions, over plowed land to level it and break the clods,
manners, interests, etc. a literary work which
; and to cover seed when sown. v.t. [harrowed —
brings together parallel passages respecting the same (-rod), -ROWING.] To draw a harrow over, to break
events, and shows their consistency. (Miis.) Musical clods and level the surface or to cover seed sown;
concord a succession of chords' according to the
; to lacerate, torment, harass. Har'rower, n. One —
rules of progression and modulation science of who harrows; a hawk; a harrier.
:

their construction and progression. —

Harmo'nious, Harry, har'rl, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -ryixg.] To strip,
—
-nl-us, a. Adapted to each other symmetrical pillage to worry, harrow.
; Har'rier, -rf-er, Ji. A
; ;

agreeing in action or feeling: musically concordant; low-flying bird of the falcon family, of several spe-
symphonious. —
Harmo''niotisly, adr. Harmon''ic, — cies.
-ical, o. Concordant; musical; consonant. (,)/«.>;.) Harsh, hiirsh, a. Rough to the touch, taste, or feel-
Relating to harmony or music; harmonious. {Zlath.) ing grating; austere; severe.
; Harsli''ness, n. — —
Having relations or properties bearing some resem- Hart, hart, ?i. A
stag the male of the red deer.
—
;

blance to those of musical consonances. Harmon''- Harts'liorn, n. The antler of the hart, or male
ics, n. ginrj. & pi. Sing: Doctrine or science of mu- deer. —Salt or' hartshorn. An impure solid carbon-
sical sounds. PI. {Mug.) Secondary- tones which ate of ammonia, obtained by distillation of harts-
accompanj^ anj- principal, and apparentl3' simple, horn. —Spirit of h.
^ A
solution of carbonate of am-
tone, as the octave, the 12th, the loth, and the ITth. monia.
— Har'moniBt, n. One who shows the harmonj' of Hanim-Bca,nun, har''um-skar''um, a. Wild rash. ;

correipondin<r passages of diiferent authors, as of Harvest, har'vest, n. The season of gathering crops;
the 4 evangelists. {2Ius.) A musical composer. that which is reaped; product of any labor; gain.
Harmo'nium, -uT-um, n. A keyed instrument of V. t. To reap or gather (fruits, etc.).
music, in which the tones are produced by the vibra- Has. Sd person '<in(/. o/Have.
tion of free reeds. Har^monize, r. i. —[->"ized Hash, hash, r. t. '[h.\shed (hasht), hashixg.] To
(-nizd), -xiziXG.] To ao-ree in action, adaptation, chop into small pieces, mince and mix. ?i. That —
or effect on the mind; to be in peace and friendship, which is chopped up minced meat, or meat and ;

as individuals or families to agree in vocal or mu- ; vegetables minced; a second preparation or exhibi-
sical effect.— w. t. To adjust in lit proportions, cavise tion of old matter.
to agree ; to show the harmony of. (JIus.) To ac- Hasheesh, -ish, hash''esh, n. A slightly acrid, narcotic
company with harmonj^ — Haf'moniz'er, n. and intoxicating gum-resin, produced by common
Harness, har'nes, 71. The iron covering which a sol- hemp when cultivated in climates. warm
dier formerly wore armor of a horse; eciuipments
; Haslet, has'^let, n. Inwards of a beast, esp. of a hog,
of a draught horse tackle; tackling; the part of a
; used for food.
loom comprising the heddles with their means of Hasp, hasp, n. A
clasp, esp. one that passes over a
support and motion. v. t. —
[harnessed (-nest), staple to be fastened by a padlock; a spindle to wind
—
-XESSING.] To dress in armor, equip lor defense, thread on. 1-. «. [hasped (haspt), hasping.] To
make ready for draught. fasten with a hasp.
Harp, hiirp, n. An upright, stringed instrument of Hassock, has'sok, n. A
thick mat for kneeling in
music, usually church.
plaj'ed with Hast. 2d person sing. p/"Have.
t lie 'fingers of Hastate, has'tat, -tated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like the
both hands. — head of a halberd.-
V. i. [harped Haste, hast, n. Celerity of motion;
(harpf), HARP- state of being urged or pressed by
ING.] To play business; sudden excitement of
on the harp; to feeling or passion; dispatch; hurry;
dwell tediously precipitation. —
Haste, Has'^ten,
or monotonous- has'^n, V. t. [hast''ed, hastexed
ly in speaking (has^'ud); hast'ing, has'tenixg.]
or writing. — To drive or urge forward, push on,
Harp'er, -ist, n. expedite, hurry. r. i. —
To move
A player on the with celerity, be rapid, speedy, or
quick. —
Hast'y, -T, a. [-ier.
{

harp."— Harp''-
sichord, -sT- -iest.] Quick speedy; ; forward ;

eager; precipitate; rash; caused by,

Hastate Leaf.
k6rd, )). A mu-
sical i n s t r u - or indicating, passion.
now su-
nient, Hat, hat, n. A
covering for the head, esp. one with
perseded by a crown and brim.— Hat'ter, n. One who makes or
the piano-forte. sells hats.
Har ping-iron, Hatch, hach, v. t. [hatched (hacht), hatchixg.] To
harp produce from eggs by incubation, or by artificial
Harpoon',
''ing-i'ern,
heat; to contrive or plot; to originate. 1\ i. To —
-poon'', n. A produce young, bring the young to maturity. n. —
barbed javelin, As many*'chiclcens as are produced at once; a Drood;
act of exclusion from the egg; disclosure; discovery.
with cord at-
h d Hatch, hach, v. t. To cross with lines in a peculiar
t a c
striking
e
large
, for
manner in drawing and engraving. Hatch''et, n. —
whales, A small, short-handled ax, to be used with one hand.
—
fish,
et'c.—v.t. [har-
Harp. — To bvn/ the hatchet. To make peice. To take up
pooned (-pocndO) -POOXiXG.] To catch or kill with, the h. To make war. —
fr. practice of Amer. Indians.

etc. Hatch, hach, n. A door with an opening over it; a

Harpings, harp-'ingz, n. pi. (N^aut.) The fore parts weir for catching fish; a floodgate; a bed-frame; the
of the wales, encompassing the bow of a ship. frame of cross-bars laid ovar the opening in a ship's
Harpy, hiir-'pt, n. ; pi. -pies, -piz. (Myth.) fabu- A deck; cover of the opening in a deck or floor, or into
—
lous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, haying a cellar hatchway.
; Hatch'-boat, n. A swift-sail-
a woman's face and vulture's body. One who is ra- ing, vacht-like fishing boat, having a small sail at
pacious; an extortioner, plunderer. (Ornith.) The the s'tern and no bowsprit. -way. w. An opening—
marsh harrier. A large, crested, stout-legged, preda- in a deck, floor, etc., covered by a hatch or trap-
ceous bird of Mexico and South America, the — door.
harpy eagle. Hatcbel. Same as Hackle.
Harquebuse. Same as Arquebuse. Hatchet. See under Hatch, to cross with lines. ^

Harridan, har'rl-dan, n. A decayed strumpet; a hag. Hatchment, hach'ment, n. {Her.) A

frame bearing

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 HATE 174 HEAD
the escutcheon of a sunk between slopes, so that it is not perceived till
dead person, phtced approached.
in front of the house, Haw, haw, n. A hesitation or intermission of speech.
on a hearse, or in a — V. I. [HAWED (hawd), HAWIXG.] To stop, in speak-
church. An ornament ing, with a sound like haiv, speak with hesitation.
on the^hilt of a sword. Haw, haw, v. i. To turn to the near side, or toward
Hate, hat, v. t. To have the driver, — said of cattle or a team. v. t. To —
a great aversion to, cause (a team) to turn to the near side (U. S., the
dislike, reajard with left side).
ill-will, abhor, detest, Hawk, hawk, 7i. A rapacious bird of many species, re-

loathe. — n. Strong sembling the falcons, except in the shortness of its

dislike oj aversion wings; a falcon. v. i. —
[hawked (hawkt), hawk-
hatred. —
;

Hat'^er, n. ixg.] To catch birds by means of hawks trained

— Hat'able, a. — for the purpose; to practice falconrj'; to soar or
Hate''ful, -ful, a. Hatchment. strike like a hawk.
Manifesting hatred Hawk* hawk, r. i. To make an effort to force up
exciting or deserving dislike or disgust; odious; de- phlegm with noise. 1\ t. To raise (phlegm) by
testable loathsome; malignant. Hate'fully, ac/w. — hawking. —
n. A noisy effort to force up phlegm
— ;

Hate'' fulness, n. —
Ha'tred, n. Very great dislike; from the throat.
odium; enmity; rancor; repugnance; antipathy. Hawk, hawk, v. t. To sell by outcry; to cry, peddle.
Hauberk, haw'berk,/;. A shirt of mail formed of steel — Hawk'^er, n. A peddler.
rings interwoven. Hawse, hawz, n. {Naut.) The situation of the cables
Haughty, haw'tl, a. [-tiee, -tiest.] High; lofty ; before a vessel's stem, when moored with 2 anchors,
having a high opinion of one's self, with contempt one on either bow; distance ahead to which the ca-
for others expressing or indicating haughtiness; bles usually extend. Hawse'hole, n. A hole in —
;

proud arrogant scornful imperious. — Haugh'- the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. —
—
; ; ;

tily, -tt-lr, adv. Haugh-'tiness, n. Quality of be- Haws-'er, n. {Naut.) small cable a large A rope, in
ing, etc. superciliousness loftiness. Hauteur,
; — size between a cable and a tow-line.
;

o-ter', n. Haughty manner or spirit haughtiness ; ; Hay, ha, n. Grass dried for fodder. v. i. To — cut and
pride. [F.] dry grass for preservation. Hay'-cock, »i. — A conical
Haul, hawl, v. t. [hauled (hawld), hauling.] To pile of hay, in the field. fe'ver, n. \Med.) A catarrh
pull or draw with force; to drag: to transport by accompanied with fever, and sometimes with pjirox-
drawing. —
I'. ?. {Naiit.) To change the direction of ysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are sub-
a ship, sail with changed course. To pull apart, as ject in the spring and summer; haj'-asthma; hay-
badly trained oxen, 'when yoked. n. A pulling — cold rose-cold rose-fever.
; ;

with force; a draught of a net; that taken at once (by Hazard, haz^'ard, n. That which comes suddenly or
hauling a net, etc.). unexpectedly; chance; accident: casualty; danger;
Haulm, Halm, Haum, hawni, n. The stem or stalk of peril; risk; "a game at dice. v.t. To expose to —
grain, beans, etc.; straw. chance or evil to venture to incur, or bring on; to
—
;

Haunch, hanch, n. The hip; thigh; hind quarter; that endanger. v. i. To encounter risk or danger.
part of an animal c;:^*.^ •
Haz''afdous, -us, a. Exposed to hazard; risky; bold;
body between loin \Z^<\\\^\7Ty daring; precarious; dangerous; uncertain.
and buttock. See -J—\-\^ Jil^-jJ ' 1 Haze, haz, n. A slight lack of transparency in the air;
IIOESE. Haunches -LX \ light vapor or smoke in the air dimness. v. i. To ; —
of anarch. {Arch.) —
be hazy. Ha'^zy, -zT, a. Tliick with haze.
The parts between 'L^WM'Tl Haze, haz, r. t. [hazed (hazd), HAZI^'G.] To vex
the crown and the --- with chiding or reproof; to play abusive tricks upon.
Hazel, ha'^zl, 71. A nut-bearing shrub or small tree
Haunt"liaift, V. t. To ^
^' Haunches of an Arch, used for making hoops, crates, charcoal for gunpow^-
frequent, resort to frequentlj'; to visit pertinacious- der and crayons, etc. a. Of a light brown color. —
ly or intrusively; to infest, as a ghost or apparition. He, he, pron. [norii. he; jjo.fs. his; ohj. nui; pi. nom.
— V. i. To persist in staj'ing or visiting. n. A they;^;os.s. theirs; obj. them.] The man or mascu-
place to which one frequently resorts. line being or object named before; any man; the
Hautboy, ho'boi, n. An oboe; a wooden musical pipe, man or person man any male person. Himself'',
; ;
—
Avith a reed, finger holes, and keys, resemb- pi-on. An emphasized foim of he; having command
ling the clarionet. A
treble stop in an organ. of himself; in his true character. By himself. Alone.
( Bot.) A
sort of strawberry. Head, hed, n. That part of anj' animal body contain-
Hauteur. See under Haughty. ing the perceptive organs of sense, and foremost or
Have, hav, v. t. [had, having. Indie, pres- uppermost in the creature's locomotion; the upper-
ent, I hai-e, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they most, foremost, or most important part of an inani.
have.'] To own, hold in possession; to pos- mate object; the larger, thicker, or heavier part or
sess, as something which appertains to, is extremity; place where the head should go; chief;
connected with, or affects one; to hold, re- leader; place of honor, or of command; an individ-
gard, or esteem; to accept possession of; to ual; seat of the intellect; brain; understanding; the
obtain; hence, to beget or bear (young); to source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a sfream
cause or procure to be, effect, require; to or river; hence, the altitude of the source, and also
cause or force to go; to take; to take or hold the quantity in reserve, and the pressure resulting
one's self; to be under obligation. from either; that part of a gulf or bay most remote
Havelock., hav^e-lok, n. A
light cloth cover- from the outlet; a separate part of a discourse; cul-
ing for the head and neck, used by soldiers. minating point or crisis; strength; force; height; a
Haven, ha''vn, n. A
harbor port ; place of ;
rounded mass of foam on beer, etc.; ahead-dress;
safety; shelter; asylum. power armed force an ear of wheat, barley, or
; ;

Haversack, hav'er-sak, n. bag in which a Haut-

A other small cereal; the eatable part of a cabbage, etc.
soldier carries his rations when on a march boy. — V. t. To be at the head of; to lead, direct; to form
leather bag for carrying charges from ammunition a head to, fit or furnish with a head; to get in front
chest to gun. of, so as to hinder or stop; to check or restrain. v. —
Havoc, hav'ok, n. "Wide and general destruction; dev- i. To originate to go or tend to form a head. —
— ; ;

astation waste. r. t. To waste, destroy, lay Head''ing," n. Act of providing with ahead; what
waste. — ;

intei;j. A
cry orig. used in hunting, after- stands at the head title material for the heads of
; ;

ward in war as signal'lor slaughter. casks. {Minmg.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine.
Haw, haw, ?i. A
hedge; an inclosed garden or yard (Sewing.) The extension of a line of ruffling above
the berry and seed of the hawthorn. — Haw'Snch, n. the line of stitch. (Masonry.) End of a stone pre-
A small bird; tlie gross-beak. Haw'thorn, h. — A sented outward —
Head'y, -I, a. Willful; rash;
thorny flowering shrub or tree, used in Europe for — hasty; apt to affect the head; intoxitating. Head''- —
hedges. —
Haw'haw, Ha'-ha, n. fence or ditch A iness, n. Hashness stubbornness obstinacy. -^
; ;

6m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 HEAL 175 HEAVEN
Head'ache, «. Pain in the head. —Headland, n. of the heart; proceeding from the heart; exhibiting
{Geofj.) A cajie; promontory. ridge or strip of A strength; sound; firm; promoting strength; nour-
unplowed land ends of furrows, or near a
at the ishing; rich; sincere cordial warm ; zealous; vig-
—
;

—
;

fence. Head'less, a. Having no head; beheaded; orous; energetic. Heart'lly, -Y-lY, adv. Heart'i- —
destitute of a cliief or leader. Head'long, adv. — ness, n. —
Heart ''less, a. Without a heart; destitute
With the head foremost; rashly; precipitately; hasti- of sensibility or courage; unsympathetic; cruel.
ly; without delay or respite. o. Acting without — Heart's''-ease, n. Peace or tranquillity of feeling.
deliberation hasty rash steep precipitous. — (£ot.) A
species of violet; pansy.
Head'ship, n. Authority
;

or dignity;
;

chief place.
; ;

— Hearth, harth or berth, n. The floor of a fire-place;

Heads'inan, n. : pi. -mex. An executioner. Head'- — the house itself, considered as the abode of comfort
spring. n. Fountain; source; origin. Head'staJI, n. — and hospitality; a projecting shelf in front of a
Tliat part of a bridle or halter which encompasses stove; a form of metallurgic furnace; the lower part
the head. —
Head'strong, a. Not easily restrained; of a blast or reverberatory furnace.
directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from Heat, het, n. Caloric ; the force, agent, or principle
obs'tinacy;' violent; untractable; stubborn; heady. in nature which renders bodies solid, fluid, or aeri-
Head'way, ?i. Progress made by a ship in motion; form, and which we perceive through the sense of
progress; success. {Arch.) Clear space or height feeling; sensation caused by caloric, when present
under an arch, over a stairjvay,etc. in excess; high temperature, as disting. fr. low tem-
Heal, hel, v. t. [healed (held), healing.] To make perature, or cold ; indication of high temperature;
hale, sound, or whole; tocure of adisease or wound; redness; high coler; flush; state of being once heat-
to remove or subdue; to restore to original purity or ed or hot a single effort, as in a race a course ; ut-
; ;

integrity; to reconcile. v.i. To grow sound, re- — most violence, rage, vehemence; agitation of mind,
turn to'a sound state, HeaKablo, a.— Heal'er, ?i. exasperation ; animation in thought or discourse ;
— Heal'ing, «. Tending to cure; mild; mollifying. ardor; fermentation; sexual excitement in animals.
i- Health, helth, n. State of being hale, sound, or — v.t. To make hot, communicate heat to, said —
whole, in body, mind, or soul esp. the state of be- ; of inanimate objects also of animals, to excite by ;

ing free from physical pain or disease a wish of action, or make feverish; also of the passions, to in-
health and happiness. Health'ful, -ful, a. Free —
;

flame, excite. v. i. —
To grow hot bj' the action of
from disease serving to promote health
; whole- ; fire, by fermentation, or by chemical action. Heath- —
some; salutary; indicating, characterized by, or re- er, n. One who, or that which heats.
sulting from, health.— Health 'fully, adv. Healtf- — Heath, heth, n. (Bot.) flowering shrub of many A
falne8s,n.— Health''y,-T,«. [-iek, -iest.] Beingina species. A
place overgrown with heath; a desert;
state of health conducive to health sound hale
: ; ; ; a cheerless tract of country. Heath '-cock, n. ( Or- —
wholesome salutary salubrious. nith.) A
large bird which frequents heaths the
Heald, held, n.
:

heddle. A
:

black grouse. —
-hen, n. The female of, etc. — ;

Heap, hep, n. A
pjle or mass; a crowd; throng. — -game, n. The heath-cock, etc. A
grass, ?i. per-
v.t. [heaped (hept), heapixg.] To throw or lay ennial, leafy-stemmed grass. — Heather, hetii^er, n.
in a heap, make a heap of, pile to accumulate. ; Heath. — Heath'ery, -er-T, a. — Heathen, he'tlm, n.
Hear, her, v. (herd), hearing.] To per-
t. [heard Apagan; idolater; an irreligious, unthinking person.
ceive by the ear; to give attention to, listen to, heed, — a. Gentile; pagan. — Hea'thendom, -dum, That 7i.

obey 'to attend to for the purpose of judging a

; part of the world where heathenism prevails ; hea-
cause between parties, try; to listen to and answer then nations collectively. Hea'thenish, a. Pert, —
favorably to favor. v. i. —
To have the sense or to, etc. rude savage inhuman. — Hea'thenish-
—
; ; ; ;

faculty of perceiving sound ; to perceive or appre- ness, >». Hea'thenism, -izm, n. Religious .system
hend Dy the ear, receive by report. Hearting, n. or rites of a heathen nation idolatry paganism ; ; ;

Act of perceiving sound sense by which sound is : manners or morals prevalent in a heathen country.
perceived; attention to what is delivered; audience; — Hea'thenize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To ren-
a listening to facts and evidence, for adjudication der heathen or heathenish.
extent within which sound may be heard. Hear'- — ;

Heave, hev, v. t. [imp. heaved (hevd) or hove (hSv);

say, n. Report rumor common talk. ; Hearken, ; — p. jy. heaved, sometimes hovex (hov^n) ; heav-
hiirk'n, V. J. [-exed (-nd), -EXixG.] To listen, give ing.] To move upward, lift; to raise, elevate; to
heed, hear with attention, obedience, or compli- throw, east, send; to force from or into any position;
ance. to throw off to raise or force from the breast.
; v. —
Hearse, hers, n. A
carriage for conveyingthe dead to i. To be thrown up, be raised; to rise and fall with
the grave; monument; tomb. v. t. To lay iu a alternate motions, as the bosom in heavy breathing,
hearse. as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, etc.;
a.
Heart, hart, n. (Anat.) A to swell, dilate, distend; to labor, pant; to make an
hollow, muscular organ, effort to vomit, retch. — n. An upward motion ;

contracting rhythmical- q . swell or distention, as of the breast, waves, etc. an ;

ly and keeping up the '.. effort to raise up something, as the contents of the
circulation of the blood. stomach, etc. (Geol.) horizontal dislocation in A
The seat of the affec- a lode, at an intersection with another lode. pi. A
tionsorsensibilities, also ^- disease of horses characterized by difficult breafti-
of the understanding or ing.— Heav'y, -T, a. Having the heaves. Heavy, —
will, and of moral life "* hev't, a. [-IER, -IEST.] Heaved or lifted with la-
and character individ- ; L bor; weighty ponderous large in size, extent, or
; ;

ual disposition and char- quantitj' ; bulky difficult to move not easy to
; ;

acter ; the inmost or bear ;hard to endure laden with that which is ;

most essential part of weighty; pregnant; bowed down; slow; sluggish;

any body or system ; lifeless; dull; inanimate strong violent loud ; ; ; ;

vital portion courage ; ; low, or deep clammy solid not easily digested;
; ; ;

spirit vigorous activ-

; impeding motion cloggy clayey having much ; ; ;

ity power of fertile body or strength; dark with clouds, or ready to rain.
;

production that which ;

Section of Heart.
— adv. With ^reat weight ponderouslj'. Heav'- ;
—
IS heart-shaped, esp. a ily, -T-IT, adv. With great weight; grievouslj^: slow-
figure like that superior vena cava ; 6, pul- ly; with difficulty. —
Heft,)?. Weight; ponderous-
in the margin, monary artery ; c, aorta ; rf,
pulmonary artery ; e, pul-
ness. —
V. t. To heave up, lift; to try the weight of,
or one of a se- monary veins;/, left auricle; by raising.
ries of playing-
g, mitral valve; h, left ven-
Heaven, hev'n, 9i. The arch overhanging the earth ;

cards, distin- tricle i, septum J, right the sky; atmosphere; the dwelling-place or immedi-
Heart. guished by it. ventricle ;
; ;

k, vena cava in- ate presence of God the home of the blessed the
; ;

Heart''en,-n,w.«. [-exed ferior »«, tricuspid valve ;

; Supreme Being ; God; felicity; bliss. — Heav'enly,
(-nd), -EXIXG.] To en- n, right auricle ; o, pulmona- -n-lt, a. Pert, to, resembling, "or inhabiting heaven;
courage, embolden. ry veins. [See Lung. J celestial; appropriate to heaven in character or hap-
Hearfy, -i, a. [-ier, -iest.] Exhibiting the action piness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed. adv. la —
siin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil; liQger or ink, then, box box, chair, get.
 HEAVY 176 HELM
a manner' resembling that of heaven; by the influ- Hegemony, he-gem''o-nY, n. Leadership; prepondep
ence or agency of heaven. Heav'enliness, n. — ant influence (of a government or state).
Heavy, etc. See under Heaa'e. Hegira, he-ji'ra or hej'T-ra. n. The flight of Moham-
Hebdomadal, lieb-dom''a-dal, -dary, -da-rf, a. Week- med from Mecca, Sept. 13, a. d. 622; the lunar vear
ly consisting of, or occurring once in, 7 days.
;
— beginning July 16, A. D. 622, from which date'Mo- —
Hebdein''adary, n. (Horn. Cath. Ch.) A member hammedans reckon time; any flight or exodus.
of a cliapter or convent, whose week it isio perform Heifer, hefer, ?!. A young cow.
certain services. Heigh-ho, hi'ho, interj. An exclamation of surprise,
lebrew, he'broo, n. One of the ancient inhabitants uneasiness, or weariness.
of Palestine an Israelite Jew; the Hebrew lan-; ; Height, Hight, hit, H. ,Condition of being high; ele-
guage. a. —Pert, to the Hebrews, or to their lan- vated position distance to which anything rises
;

guage. —
Hebra'ic, a. Pert, to the Hebrews desig- ; above that on which it stands, above the earth or
nating their language. —
Hebra''ically, arZc After level of the sea; altitude; that which is elevated; an
the manner of the Hebrew language from right ; eminence; hill; mountain; elevation in excellence
to lef t. —
He'braism, -izm, n. Hebrew idiom a A ; of any kind, as in power, learning, arts an ad- ;

peculiar exi^ression in the Hebrew language the ; vanced degree of social rank; utmost degree in ex-
Hebraic type of character servile and severe al- tent or violence; progress toward eminence; grade.
legiance to conscience; stoical self-control; unrelax-
;

— Height''eii, Hight'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en-

ing * industry. —He'braist, n. One versed in the ING.] To raise higher, elevate to carry forward,
learning. — Hebraisfic,
;

Hebrew language and a. make better, increase to advance toward a worse

—
;

Pert, or resembling, Hebrew.

to, Hc^braize, v. t. state to set off to advantage
; by contrast.
To convert into the Hebrew idiom to make He- Heinous, ha'nus, a. Hateful odious great enor-
brew or Hebraistic. v. i. —
To speak Hebrew, or to
;

mous; monstrous; flagrant; atrocious.

; ; ;

conform to the Hebrew idiom. Heir, ar, n. One who receives, inherits, or is entitled
Hecatomb, hek''a-tooni, n. (Antiq.) sacrifice of A to succeed to the possession of property after the
100 oxen or beasts of the same kind; any large num- death of its owner; one who receives endowment fr.
—
ber of victims. Hectare, hek-tar', n. measure of A an ancestor or relation. — Heir'' dom, -dum, n. Suc-
area= 100 ares, or 10,0<X) square meters=2.4711 acres. cession byinherUance. — Heirless, a. A female heir.
— Hec'togram, -to-gram, h. measure of weight A = — HeiT'loom, -loom, n. Any piece of personal prop-
100 grams or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois. Hecto- — erty, which descends to the heir along with the in-
liter, hek-toKt-ter or hek'to-li'ter, m. measure A heritance; one which has been long in a family.
for liquids 100 liters = =
l-lOth cubic meter, nearly Hektare, Hektogram, etc. See Hectare, etc., under
26;i gallons of wine measure. Hectometer, hek- — Hecatomb.
tom''e-ter or liek'^to-me-'ter, n. measure of length A Held. See Hold.
= 100 meters, nearly 32S.0U Eng. feet. Hectostere, — Heliac, he''ll-ak, Heli'acal, n. (Asti-on.) Rising or set-
hek'to-star'', n. A
measure of solidity 100 cubic = ting at or near the same time as the sun. He'lio- —
meters =
3531.05 cubic feet. trope, -trop, n. {Bot.) fragrant plant ; turnsole. A
Heckle. Same as Hackle. {Geodesii and Mil. Signal Senn'ce.) An instrument
Hectic, hek''tik, -tical, a. Pert, to hectic; habitual; for making signals to an observer at a distance, by
constant affected with hectic fever.
; Hec'tic, n. — means of the sun's ra3's thrown from a mirror.
{Med.) The fever of irritation and debilitv, occur- (Min.) A
variety of chalcedony, of a deep-green
ring usually at an advanced stage of exhausting color, variegated with blood-red or yellowish spots.
disease, as in pulmonary consumption. — He'liotype, -tip, ?i. picture made by heliotypy. A
Hector, hek^'ter, n. A
bull}' a blustering, turbulent, — He'^lioty'py, -ti'pT, n. method of printing pho- A
—
;

noisy fellow; one who teases or vexes. v. t. [hec- tographic pictures from a surface of prepared gela-
tored (-terd), -TORIXG.] To bully, bluster, irritate, tine.
vex. —
V. i. To bluster. [Name of a Trojan warrior.] Helix, he'liks, n. ; pi. Hel^ices, -i-sez. A spiral line,
Heddle, hed-'dl, ?i. {Weavinc/.) One of the threads of as of wire in a coil; something spiral. {Arch.) A
yarn or metal in the harness of a loom a heald: each ; little volute under the
heddle has a central eye or loop by which the warp abacus of the Corin-
thread passing through it is raised or depressed to thian capital: see Cap-
form the shed for the passage of the weft shuttle. ITAL. (Anat.) The
Hedge, hej, n. A fence or line of bushes (esp. thorn- whole circuit or ex-
bushes) or small trees thickly set. —u. i. [hedged tent of the externa!
(hejd), hedging.] To inclose or separate with a border of the ear : see 1

hedge; to hinder from Ear. {Zool.) A spiral

progress or success; to sur- univalve shell, as of a
round for defense, protect, snail. — HeKicoid, a.
hem in to surround so as (Geom.) A warped
to prevent escape.
;

v. i. — surface generated by
To hide as in a hedge, a straight line moving tt„,-„„. /t-.v, ^
skulk; to bet on both sides. m a certain manner. xaeiiv,ea \^<jui.j.
— Hedge'-hog. n. (Zool.) ^^^^^
~:= ^s j^p^s^.—
a. Spiral ; curved like the spire of a univalve shell.
A small insectivorous ani-
"~
Hell, hel, ». The place of the dead lo^l'er regions ; ;

mal having prickles or _

Hedge-hog.
, grave the place or state of punishment for the
;

spines on the upper part of wicked after death; place where outcast persons or
its body, and able to roll itself into a ball. things are gathered, as, a dungeon or prison: also, in
Heed, hed, ;;. t. To mind, regard with care, take certain games, a place to which those canglit are
notice of, attend to, observe. n. Attention; notice; — carried for detention also a gambling-house; also ;

regard careful, reverential, or fearful attention. a place into which tailors throw shreds, or printers
—
;

Heed'ful, -ful,-«. Full of heed; cautious; vig- —

broken type. Hell'ish, a. Pert, to, or fit for, hell ;
ilant: attentive. —
Heed'fuUy, ftc^!'. Heed'fulness, — infernal malignant wicked detestable.
; , ;

?«.— Heed^'less, a. Without heed: careless; thought- Hellebore, heKle-bor,n. {Bot.) poi- A
less. — Heed'lessly, adv. — Heed''leBsneBS, n. sonous plant used in medicine.
Heel, hel, n. The hinder part of the foot, or of any Hellenic, hel-len'ik or -le'nik, a.
covering for the foot; the latter or remaining part Pert, to the Hellenes, or inhabitants
of anything something heel-shaped a protuber-
; ; of Greece Greek Grecian.
; ;

ance; a spur, as set on the heel; part of a thing cor- Helm, helm, n. (Naut.) A vessel's
responding in position to the human heel, esp. steering apparatus; esp. the tiller.
{N^aut.) the after end of a sliip's keel, or the lower The place of management. —
end of a mast, boom, bowsprit, etc. v. t. [heeled — Helms''man, n. ; pi. -men. The man
(held), heeling.] To use the heels in, as in dancing, at the helm.
runnijig, etc.; to add a heel to. Helm, helm, v. t. To cover with a
Heel, hel, I). I. (Naut.) To incline; to lean, as a ship. helmet. —
Helm, Helm'et, n. De-
Heft. See under Heave. fensive armor for the head head- Barred Helmet. ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 3dd, tone, 6r
 — — —— —
;

HELMirTTHIO 177 HERMENEUTIO

piece ; morionthing like a helmet in form, posi-
; Hendecagon, hen-dek''a-gon, ?i. (Geom.) A plane
tion, etc., as, theupper part of a retort, or the hood- figure of 11 sides and 11
angles.
formed upper sepal of some flowers. Henna, hen'na, n. (Bat.) An oriental flowering shrub
Helininthic, hel-min'thik, a. Pert, to, or expelling of the genus Lawsonia. Powdered henna leaves, oi
worms. n. — A
medicine for expelling worms ver- ; a paste made of the leaves, used by Egyptians and
mifuge. Asiatics to dye their naife, etc., of an orange hue.
Help, help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. helped (helnt), ohs. Hepatic, he-pafik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the
imp. HOLP and p. p. holpen; helping.] To aid, color of the liver.
assist; to furnish with the means of deliverance; to Heptad, hep'^tad, 7i. (Chem.) An atom whose equiv-
furnish with relief in pain or disease to change ; alence is 7 atoms of hydrogen, or which can be
for the better, remedy; to prevent, hinder; to for- combined with, substituted for, or replaced by 7
bear, avoid. —
v.i. To lend aid or assistance. n. — atoms of hydrogen. —
Hep''tagon, n. (Geom.)' A
—
Aid; assistance remedy: relief in U. S., one who
; : plsne figure consisting of 7 sides and 7 angles.
helps, a domestic servant. Help'er, n. One who |
Hep'tarchy, -tark-1, n. A government bj', or coun-
helps or assists; an assistant; auxiliary. —Help'ful, try governed by, 7 persons.
-ful, a. Furnishing help useful whole.some.: ;
— !

Her, her, pron. and a. The objective case of the per-

—
;

Help'ftdness, ?;. Help'less, a. Destitute of help .sonal pronoun s/te pert, to a female, or a noun in
,•

or strength: feeble: weak: beyond lielp; irremedi- the feminine gender being the possessive case of
;

able: bringing no lielp.— Help'lessly, fc^/i-. Help'- — the personal pronoun she. —
Herself, pron. An em-
lessness, w. —
Help'mate, -meet, n. assistant; An phasized form of she ; in her ordinary or real char-
helper; consort; wife. [Fr. a misunderstanding of acter; in her right mind; sane.
an heJp meet (fit). Gen. ii., 18.] Herald, her'^ald, "h. (Antiq.) An officer who pro-
Helter-skelter, hel'ter-skeKter, adv. In hurry and claimed war or peace, and bore messages from the
confusion. commander of an army. In Eng., an officer who
Helve, helv, n. The handle of an ax or hatchet; head regulates public ceremonies, and records and bla-.
of the ax. —
V. t. [helved (helvd), helving.] To zons the arms of the nobility and gentry; a king at
furnish (an ax) with a helve. arms; a proclaimer; publisher; a forerunner pre-
Hem, hem, n. The border of a garment or cloth, doub- cursor; harbinger. —
v.t. To introduce, or give tid-
;

led and sewed, for protection or ornament; edge; ings of, as by a herald; to proclaim.— Her'aldry, -rT,
margin. —
I'. «. [hejimed (heind), -iiiNG.] To fold n. Art or office of a herald; art, practice, or science
and sew down the edge of; to border, edge. of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms.
Hem, hem, inierj. An exclamation whose utterance Herb, erb, n. A
plant having a soft or succulent stalk,
is a sort of half-cough, indicative of hesitation or or stem, that dies to the root everj'' year. Herby, —
doubt, —
better expressed by hm. ti. The sound — herb'T, a. Of the nature of, pert, to, or covered with,
thus represented. v. i. —
To make the sound; to herbs.— Herb'age, erb'- or hgrb'ej, ?;. Herbs collect-
hesitate in speaking. ively; grass; pasture. {Law.) Liberty or right of pas-
Hemal, Hsemal. he'mal, a. Pert to the blood or blood ture in the forest or grounds of another man. [F.] —
vessels.— Hern'orrhage, hem'cr-ej, n. (Med.) Any Herb'al, herb'al, n. A
book containing the names
discharge of blood from the blood-vessels. Hem'- — and descriptions of plants; a collection of dried
orrhoids, -roidz, n. pi. {Med.) Small erectile tumors plants. Herbif'erous, -er-us, a. Bearing herbs.
of the vascular, mucous, or cellular tissues of the Herbivorous, -o-rus, a. Eating herbs; feeding ou
rectum; piles. —
Hem-'atite, -a-tit, n. (.3Iin.) The vegetables.
sesquioxide, or specular ore, of iron. [Fr. the red Herculean, her-ku'le-an, a. Very great, difficult, or
color of the powder.] —
Brown hematite. The hy- dangerous; having extraordinary strength and size.
drous sesquioxide of iron: limonite. Herd, nerd, n. A
number of beasts assembled together;
Hemiplegia, hem-T-ple'jT-a, Hem'iple'gy, -jT, n. (3Ied.) a company of people; crowd; rabble. V. i. To —
A palsv that affects one side only of the body.— unite or associate in a herd, as beasts; to unite in a
Hemip'ter, -teran, ?i. {Entom.) One of an order of company by custom or inclination. v. t. To form —
insects having the wing-covers transparent toward or put^into a herd.
the end, or throughout, the true wings straight and Here, her, adv. In this place, —
opp. to there; in the
unplaited, and feeding on vegetable or animal juices present life or state. Here'about', -abouts', adv.
by mean? of a sucking- About this place; in this neighborhood. Hereaffer, —
tube.— Hemip'teral, -ter- adv. In time to come in some future state. : n. —
OUS, -us, a. Of, or pert, to, A future existence or state. Hereaf, adv. At, or —
etc.— Hem'isphere, -T-sfer, by reason of, this. Hereby', adv. By means of
n. A half sphere one half this. —
Herein', adv. In this. Here'inaft'er, adv. —
—
:

of a sphere or globe; half In the following part of this. Hereto', adv. To

of the terrestrial globe, or this. —
Here'tofore', adv. In times before the pres-
a projection of the same ent formerly. —
Here'unto', adv. Unto this or
in a ni a p or picture. — ;

this time hereto. :

—
Here'upon', adv. On this
Hemispher 'ic, -s f e r ' i k, hereon. —Herewith', -with' or -with', adv. With
-ical, a. Containing, or this. — Herein'to, adv. Into this. —Hereof -of
- ,

pert, to, etc.— Hem'istich, or -ov', adv. Of, concerning, or from this. Here- —
-stik, n. Half a poetic on', adv. On this hereupon. ;

verse, or 8 verse not com- Hemipter (Pentatome). Hereditary, he-red'I-ta-rt, a. Descended by inheri-
pleted. tance capable of descending from an ancestor to
:

Hemlock, hem'lok, n. An umbelliferous plant whose an heir transmitted, or that maj' be transmitted,
;

leaves and seeds yield an acrid poison (conia) used from a parent to a child ancestral patrimonial; ; ;

in med.; an evergreen tree common in N. Amer.; inheritable.— Her'itage, -ej, n. Thing inherited; in-
hemlock spruce. heritance.
Hemorrhage, etc. See under Hemal. Heresy, her'e-sY, n. An opinion opp5sed to the es-
Hemp, hemp, n. A
plant the fiber of whose skin or tablished or usually received doctrine; esp. {Theol.)
bark is used for cloth and cordage fiber of the ; rejection of. or erroneous belief in regard to, some
plant, prepared for spinning; a rope. fundamental religious doctrine or truth hetero- ;

Hen, hen, n. The female of any fowl, esp. of the do- —

doxy. Her'etic, n. One who holds to a heresj^; one
mestic f owl. —
Hen'bane, n. A plant poisonous to who" believes some doctrine contrary to the Christian
domestic fowls: all parts of the plant are highly nar- reli^on; schismatic; sectarian. {Rom.Cath.C hiirch.)
cotic, and it is used in medicine as a substitute for A Protestant. —Heret'ical, «. Containing, or per-
opium; hyoscyamus. taining to, heresy.
Hence, hens, adv. From this place, this time, this Hermaphrodite, hSr-maf'ro-dit, n. An animal or hu-
cause or reason, or this source, origin, or cause. man being having both the male and the female gen-
—Henceforth' or HenceTorth, Hencefor'ward, adv. erative organs. (Bot.) A flower that contains both
From this time forward. the stamen and the pistil within the same calyx, or
Henchman, hench'man, n. ; pi. -men". page serv- A ; on the same receptacle.
ant; hanger-on. Hermeneutic, hgr-me-nu'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to inter-

siin, cube, full ; moon, f6t)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bojf boN, chair, get.
13
 HERMETIC 178 HIGH
pretation; excgetical. —
Hermeneu'ticB, n. st».7. Sci- exhortation. —Hey'day', interj. An expression of
ence of interpretation exegesis, ; esp. applied to — frolic, exultation, or wonder.
interpretation of the Scriptures. Heyday, ha'da. n. frolic; wildness. A
Hermetic, lier-mefik, -ical, a. Pert, to chemistry; Hiatus, hi-a'tus, n. ; L. pi. same as sing.; E.pl. -tl'Ses,
chemical: pert, to that philosophy which pretends -ez. An opening gap chaini space where some-
; ; ;

to explain all the phenomena of nature from the 3 thing is wanting a break in a manuscript, where
;

chemical principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury ; part is lost or effaced. {Gram.) Concurrence of 2
pert, to the system which explains causes of Jiiseases, vowels in 2 successive syllables or words.
etc., on the principles of the hermetical philosophv, Hibernal, hi-ber'nal, a. Belonging or relating to
esp. on the sj-stem of an alkali and acid perfectly ; winter; wintry; winterish. Hi'bernate, -nat, v. i, —
close, so that no air, gas, or spirit can escape. To winter; to pass the winter in seclusion, esp. in
Hermit, her'mit, n. recluse A anchoret esp. one
; ; lethargic sleep, as bats, bears, etc. Hiberna''tion, n. —
wlio lives in solitude from religious motives. Her'- — Act of, etc.
mitage, -ej, n. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded Hibernian, hi-ber'nt-an, a. Pert, to Hibernia, now
residence. Ireland; Irish. n. A native or inhabitant of Ire-
Hern. Same as Heron. land; a Milesian.
Hernia, her'nt-a, n. {Surg.') A
rupture ; a tumor Hiccough, Hiccup, Hickup, hik^kup, n. A spasmodic
forhied by protrusion of anj' internal part through contraction of the diaphragm and adjacent parts,
a natural" or accidental opening in a muscular or producing a sudden sound, usually caused by gas-
membranous wall. tric derangement ; the sound itself. — v. i. [hic-
Hero, he'ro, n. ; pi. -roes, -roz. man of distin- A coughed (-kupt), -coughing.] To have, etc.
guished valor, intrepidity, or enterprise in danger; Hickory, hik^o-rl, A nut^bearing American tree of
n.
a great or extraordinary person principal person- ; several species, having strong, tenacious wood.
age in a poem, storj', etc. {Myth.) An illustrious hiks'it, n. A follower of Elias Hicks, who se-
man, placed among the gods, after his death. — Hicksite,
ceded fr. the Society of Friends in the U. S., in 1827.
Hero''ic,a. Pert, to, like, or becoming a hero; brave; Hid, Hidden. See Hide, v. t.
intrepid; noble. —
Heroine, her^o-in, n. female he- A Hidalgo, hi-daKgo, n. In Spain, a nobleman of the
ro.— Her'oism, -izm, n. The qualities or character lower class; a gentleman by birth.
of a hero; courage; fortitude; bravery; valor. Hide, hid, v. t. [imp. hid; j). p. hid, hidden; hiding.]
Heron, her^'un, n. A
wading bird of many species To withhold, or withdraw from sight to conceal ;

with long slender legs, neck, from knowledge, keep secret, disguise, dissemble,
and bill. — Her'onry, -ri, n. screen; to protect from danger, defend. v.i. To —
A place where herons breed. lie concealed or secreted; to keep one's self out of
Herpes, her-'pez, n. (Med.) view.
An eruption of the skin Hide, hid, n. The skin of a beast, raw or dressed; the
esp. an eruption of vesicles human skin, — so called in contempt. v. t. To
in snfall distinct clusters, ac- flog, whip.— Hide'-bound, a. Having the skin stuck
companied with itching or so closely to the ribs and back, as not to be easily
tingling, including shingles, loosened or raised; having the bark so close as to im-
ringworm, etc. — Herpetol'- pede growth.
Ogy, -jT, »i. Natural history Hide, hid, n. {O. Eng. Law.) house or dwelling; a A
or description of reptiles, portion of land, differently estimated at 60, 80, or
including oviparous quad- 100 acres.
rupeds. Hideous, hid''e-us, a. Frightful or shocking to the
Herring, her'ring, n. A small eye; distressing to the ear ; hateful ; grim grisly
fish, appearing in vast shoals ^^^*'g ^^^^'^-i\'T> — — ; ;

in the spring, upon the coasts

^
'Zj
~ '''
terrible. Hid'eously, adv. Hid''eousness, n.
Hie, hi, ?-. /. [hied (hid), HYING.] To hasten.
of Europe and America, Heron, Hierarch, hi^e-rark, n. One who rules or has author
where they are taken in great quantities. ity in sacred things; chief of a
Hers, herz, Herself. See Hek. sacred order. —
Hi' erarch-'y,
Herschel, her'shel, n. A
planet discovered by Dr. -rark't, n. Dominion in sacred
Herschel, in 1781, —
now called Uranus. things; the body of persons
Hesitate, hez't-tat, v. i. To stop or pause respecting having ecclesiastical authority;
decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty, a government administered by
doubt, waver, scruple ; to stop in speaking, falter, the priesthood. — Hi'erat''ic, a.
—
stammer. Hesita'tion, 7i. Act of hesitating. Hes'- — Consecrated to sacred uses;
itancy, -tan-sT, n. Act of hesitating or doubting; sacerdotal pert, to priests,
;
—
doubt; action or manner of one who nesitates; inde- applied to a mode of ancient
cision. Egyptian writing, being jjie
Hessian Fly, hesh'an-fli, n. A small, two-winged sacerdotal character. Hi'er- —
fly, or midge, destructive to young wheat. oglyph, -glif -glyph'ic, n. A
—
,

Hetchel. Same as Uackle. sac red character, esp. the Hieroglyphics.

Heteroclite, hefer-o-klit, n. {Gram.) word which A picture-writing of the ancient Egyptian priests; the
is irregular or anomalous, esp. a noun irregular in figure of an animal, etc., standing for a phrase, word,
declension. Any thing or person deviating from or letter; anj' character or figure having amysterious
—
common forms. Het'erodox, a. Contrary to some significance. — Hi'erogl3rph.''ic, -ical, a. Emblemat-
acknowledged standard, as the Bible, creed of a ic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pic-
church, etc.; not orthodox; holding opinions or doc- tures, or figures; obscure; enigmatical. — Hi'erol''-
trines contrary to some acknowledged standard.— ogy, -jT, n. A discourse on sacred things ; esp. sci-
Het'eroge'neal, -je-'ne-al, -neous, -us, a. Differing ence of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the
in kind; having unlike qualities; dissimilar. Egyptians. — Hierophant, hi-er'o- or hi'e-ro-fant, n.
Hew, hu, i\ t. limp, hewed; p. p. hewed (hud) or A priest; one who teaches the mysteries of religion.
HEWN (hun); HEWING.] To cut with an ax, shape Higgle, etc. See under Hack, v. t.
with a sharp instrument, chop, hack. Higgledy-piggledy, hig'gl-dt-pig''gl-d'r, adv. In con-
Hexad, heks^ad, n. {Chem.) An atom whose equiv- fusion; topsy-turvy.
alence is 6, or which can be combined with, substi- High, hi, a. Of great altitude ; elevated ; raised up ;
tuted for, or replaced by, 6 atoms of hydrogen. — lofty sublime ; distinguished ; sometimes equiv-
;

Hex'agon, 7i. {Geom.) A

plane figure of 6 sides and alent to great, used ndefinitely; possessing some
6angles. —
Hexag'onal, a. Having, etc.— Hex'ahe'- characteristic quality in a marked degree; proud;
dron, ?i. A regular solid body of 6 equal faces; a violent forcible ; intense dear in price promi-
cube. — Hexam-'eter, n. ( Gr. & Lat. Pros.) verse A nent; eminent,
;

—
used in technical senses, as, {Fine
; ;

of G feet, either dactyls or spondees.

— a. Having, — Arts) wrought so as to be prominent from the sur-
etc. Hexan'gular, -an'gu-ler, a. Having 6 angles face, also, in an elevated style; {Law & Politics) re-
or corners. lating to, or derived from the sovereignty of a state,
Hey, ha, interj. An exclamation expressive of joy or as, hfgh treason; (Chi-on.) remote in time or antiqui-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, gve, term ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, or
 — — ; — —

HIGHT 179 HOARD

ty; (Cookery.) strong-scented, as tending toward pu- body, short legs, a
trefaction; (Geof)-) remote from the equator, north short tail, and skin
or south; acute or sharp.
(i/i/s.) adv. In a high — without hair, except
manner; to a great altitude; eminently; profound- at the extremity of
ly; powerfully. —
m. An elevated place; superior the tail.
region. — High'ly, -It, adv. —
High'ness, n. State of Hire, hw, v. t. [hired
being, etc.; a title of honor given to princes, etc. (bird), hieing.] To
Eight, n. Same as Height, q. v. High'land, n. — procure (the services
Elevated land; a moantainous region. High'land- — of another, or a
er, n. An inhabitant of highlands; esp. of the High- chattel or estate) for Hippopotamus.
lands of Scotland.— E.igh^wa.y, n. public road; A temporary use, for a
way open to all passengers; path: course. compensation; to contract with for wages; to bribe;
Eight, hit, V. i. [imp. and p.p. hight, hot, hote, to grant the use of, for compensation; to let, lease.
HOTEX.] To be called or named. n. —
Price, reward, or compensation for the tem-
Eilarious, hi-la'rt-us, a. Mirthful merry jovial
; ; porary Use of anything; recompense for personal
jolly. —Bilar'ity, -lar't-tl, n. Pleasurable excite- service; wagesj salary; pa3'; a bribe.
ment of the spirits; glee; merriment; jollity. Hirsute, her-suf; a. Rough with hair; set with bris-
Eill, hil, ?i. An eminence less than a mountain; the tles; hairy; shaggy.
earth raised about the root of a plant; a group of His, hiz, pron. See He.
plants growing together, and having earth heaped Hiss, his, V. I. [hissed (hist), hissing.] To make a
—
up about them. v. t. [hilled (hild), hilling.] To sound like that of the letter s, esp. in contempt or
surround with earth. —
Eill^y, -T, a. Abounding disapprobation; to make a like sound, as a goose or
with, etc.—Hill''ines8, n.— HlU'cck, n. small hill. A serpent, or as water thrown on hot metal, or steam
Silt, hilt, n. The handle of anything, esp. of a sword, escaping through a narrow orifice; to glide with a
dagger, or cutting instrument. whizzing noise. —
v.t. To condemn by hissing; to
Eiltim, hi'lum, n. {Bot.) The mark or scar where a procure disgrace for. n. —
sound like that of s, A
seed was attached to its base ; eye of a esp. as a mark of disapprobation;"voice of a goose
bean, etc. or serpent. Hiss'lng, n. —
hiss; occasion of con- A
Eim. Himself. See under He. tempt; object of scorn and derision.
Hind, hind, n. The female of the red Hist, hist, interj. Hush; be silent.
deer or stag. Histology, his-toKo-jI, n. Science of the minute struc-
Hind, hind, 71. A peasant; rustic; swain; Hilum. ture of the tissues of plants, animals, etc.
agricultural laborer. History, his'to-rT, n. statement of what is known; A
Hind, hind, a. [hinder, hindmost or hixdeemost.] a record; description; a narrative of events; a state-
Placed in the rear, and not in front. Hind'er, a. ment of the progress of a nation or an institution,
Pert, to that part in the rear, or which follows. —
with philosopnical inquiries respecting effects and
Hin'der, htn'der, v. t. [-dered ( derd), -uering.J causes. —
Natural history. Description and classifi-
To prevent from moving forward; to check or re- cation of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, ani-
tard in progress; to embarrass, shut out, interrupt, mals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit
obstruct, impede, delay. —
v. i. To interpose or to the senses. Histo'rian, n. —
writer or compiler A
cause impediments. —Hin^derance, -drance, n. Act of history; chronicler; annalist. Histor''ic, -tSr''-
of, or that which^etc. — Hin'derer, n. _ ik, -ical, a. Containing, pert, to, contained or ex-
Hindoo, -du, hin'doo, n. ;pl. -doos or -dus, -dooz. One hibited in, deduced from, or representing history.
of a race inhabiting Hindostan an adherent of Histrionic, his-trt-on''ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a stage-
;

Brahmanism. — Hin'^dooism, -daism, -doo-izm, n. player, or to pla.ying; theatrical.

The doctrines, rites, or religious principles of the Hit, hit, V. t. {imp. & p. p. hit; hitting.] To reach
Hindoos; Brahmanism. —
Hindoostan''ee, -diistan'i, with a stroke or blow; esp. to reach or touch an ob-
-stance, a. Of, or pert, to, the Hindoos or their lan- ject aimed at, as a mark, usually with force; to reach
guage. —— n. The camp and court language of the or attain exactly, accord with, suit. v. i. To meet —
Hindoos. Hin'dee, -di, -de, n. The purest modern or come in contact, strike to succeed in an attempt.
—
;

dialect of, etc. —Hin'dTU, -doo-e, n. The language n. A

collision; the stroke or blow that touches
of, etc., before the Mussulman invasion, a pure —
anything, —
of ten with implied luck or chance; an
Aryan tongue. apt expression or turn of thought.
Hinge, hinj, n. The hook or joint on which a door, Hitch, hich, v. i. [hitched (hicht). hitching.] To
gate, lid, etc., turns that on which anything de-
; become entangled, caught, linked, or yoked ; to
pends or turns: n governing principle, rule, or point. move spasmodically by jerks, or with stops to
— V. t. [hixged (liinjd), hinging.] To furnish fidget, move. —
v. t.To fasten, unite, yoke, harness;
;

with hinges. —?;. i. To stand, depend, or turn, as to-raise or pull with a jerk. n. catch ; impedi- — A
on a hinge. ment; temporary obstacle or stoppage. (jVaut.) A
Hinny, hin'nT, n. The produce of a stallion and a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or
she-ass; a mule. other object.
Hint, hint, v. t. To bring to mind by a slight men- Hither, hith^er, acZr. To this place. a. On the side —
tion or remote allusion; to allude to, suggest, im- or direction toward the person speaking; nearer.
ply. — v. i. To make an indirect reference, etc. — n. —
Hith'erto', -too', adv. To this place; up to this
A distant allusion; slight mention; intimation; in- time; as yet; until now. Hith^erward, ac/r. This
sinuation; suggestion. way; toward this place hither. ;

Hip, hip, n. The lateral parts of the pelvis and the Hive, hiv, n. A
box or other place for a swarm of
hip joint, with the flesh covering them; the haunch. honey-bees to live in; a swarm of bees; crowded or
{AraJi.) The external angle formed by the meeting busy place; company; crowd. v. t. [hived (hivd), —
of 2 sloping sides of a roof. hiving.] To colleqt into, or cause to enter, a hive;
Hip, hip, n. The fruit of the rose. to collect and lay up in store. v. i. To take shelter —
Fipped, hipt, Hip'pish, a. Somewhat hypochondriac. or lodgings together.
Hippocampus, hip-po-kamp''us, n. A
small armor- Hives, hivz, M. (Med.) disease, the croup; also an A
plated fish, with equine head and neck and pre- eruptive disease, allied to chicken-pox.
hensile tail, allied to the pipe-fish; sea-horse. (Myth.) Ho, Hoa, ho, interj. Halloo! oho! oh! attend! a call —
One of Neptune's horses, half horse and half fish. to excite attention, or to give notice of approach;
-Hip'podrome, -drom, n. A
circus, or place in stop! standstill! hold! whoa!
which horse-races and chariot-races are performed. Hoar, hor, a. White, or grayish-white; gray or white
— Hip'^pogriff, It. (Myth.) A
monster, half horse and
''-
with age; hoary. —
Hoar'y, -1, a. White or whitish;
half griffin a winged horse.— Hippoph^agous, -pof hoar. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish-
;

a-gus, a. Feeding on horses. —

Hippoph'agy, -a-jt, white hairs.— Hoar'iness, w. Hoar'-frost, m. The —
n. Act or practice of, etc.— Hip'popot'amtis, n. ; Eng. white particles formed by congelation of dew. —
pi. -muses, L. pi. -MI. A
herbivorous pachyderma- Hoar''hoand, Hore'hound, n. bitter plant, one A
tous aquatic quadruped of Africa, having a very species_of which is used for coughs.
large muzzle, small ej'es and ears, thick and heavy Hoard, hord, n. A
store of anything laid up; a hidden

Btin, cube, fijll ; moon, ffi&t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, tiien, boNboK, chair, get.
 HOARSE 180 HOMAG Vjr£i

stock; treasure. — r. t. To collect and lav up; to a given position or condition; to remain fixed, as, to
—
store secretly. — v. i. To collect a hoard, lay up a halt, stop, mostly in the imperative; or, to remain
store. _ I
unbroken or unsubdued; or, to last, endure; or, to
Hoarse, hors, o. Having a harsh, roiigh, grating voice, be valid, continue on being tested; or, to remain at-
as whenaffected with a cold: rough; discordant. tached, cleave; to derive right or title. n. Act of —
Hoax, hoks, n. A deceptive trick or story; a practical holding; manner of holding, whether firm or loose;
joke. — V. t. [hoaxed (hokst), hoa.vLvGv] To de- seizure; grasp; authority to take or keep; claim;
ceive; to play a tricV: upon for sport, or witliout m;il- binding power and influence: something which may
ice. —Ho'cus, v. t. To deceive or cheat; to adul- be seized for support; place of confinement; prison;
terate, drug. — n. One who, etc. — Ho'cus-po'cus, h. custody; a fortified pkice. (Mm.) character [thus, A
A juggler; juggler's trick. v. t. To cheat. — iTs\ placed over or under a note or rest, indicating
Hob, hob, n. Tlie'nave of a wheel; the flat shelf at the that it is to be prolonged.
side of a grate, where things are placed to be kept Hold, hold, n. The interior cavity of a vessel, in which
warm. Hob'nail. n. A tliick-headed nail for shoes. the cargo is stowed. See Ship.
Hob, hob, n. A clown; rustic; fairy. Hob^goblin, — Hole, lioH M. A
hollow place or cavity; an excavation
n. An imp; frightful apparition. in the ground, or a natural cavity 'inhabited bj- an
Hobble, hob^bl, i\i. [-dled (-bid), -blixg.] To walk animal; a low, narrow, or dark lodging; aperture:
lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp; to move
— perforation; rent; pit; den; cell. Hollow, hoKlo, a. —
roughly or irregularly. r. t. —
To hopple, clog. n. Containing an empty space, within a solid sub-
An unequal, halting' gait difficulty perprexit3\
: stance ; not solid sunken reverberated from a
— Hob'blsdeiioy'', -de-Inn', -tehoy', ; ; ;

)'.' A stripling; a cavity, or resembling such a reverberated sound ;

youth between boyhood and manhood. not sincere or faithful. n. —
cavity; hole: exca- A
Hobby, hob^bt, Hob'by-horse, n. A strong, active vation a low spot Surrounded by elevations con- :

horse, of middle size; an ambling horse; a nag; a cavity.

;

—
V. t. [hollowed (-lod), -LOWIXG.] To
stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride; a sub- make hollow, excavate. adv. So as to make hol- —
ject upon which one is constantly setting oft'; a fav- low, orempt\- of resources, strength, etc.; complete-
theme of discourse, thought, or effort.
orite ly. — HoKldwness, n. —
HoKlow-heart'ed, a. In-
Hobnob, hob'nob, af/r. Take or not take, a famil- — sincere; false; not sound .and true.
iar invitation to reciprocal drinking. v. i. To drink — Holiday, HoUness. etc. See under Holy.
or feast familiarly. Holland, hoKland, n. A kind of linen first manufac-
Hock, hok, n. The hough, q. v. See Horse. v.t. — tured in Holland. —
Hoi 'lands, ». Gin made in, etc.
To hamstring; to hough. [See Hough.] Hollo, -lea, hoKlo or hol-lo'', -la, -la, interj. Sz n. Ho;
Hock., hok, n. A
light-yellowish Rhenish wine, either attend here.
;
—
Hollo, hoKlo or hol-lo', HoKla, -la,
sparkling or still. [-LAED (-lad), -LAING.] r. I. To call out or exclaim;
Hockey, hok''T, n. A
game at ball jjlayed with a club to halloo. HoKlow, -lo, interj. and v. t. Same as
hooked at the bottom. Hollo.
Hocus, Hocus-pocus. See under Hoax. Hollow, HoUowness, etc. See under Hole.
Hod, hod, n. A trough or box on a handle for carrying Holly, hol'lX, n. An evergreen tree or shrub having
mortar and brick; a coal-scuttle. glossy green prick-
Hodgepodge, hoj^poj, n. A mixed mass; a medley of ly leaves, and bear-
ingredients. ing berries that
Hodiernal, ho-dl-er'^nal, a. Of, or pert, to, the pres- turn red or yellow
ent day. about Michael-
Hoe, ho, n. An instrument for cutting up weeds and mas: also the holm
loosening the earth. v. t. [hoed (hod), hoeixg.] oak, an evergreen
To cut, dig, scrape, or clean, or to clear from weeds, oak.
or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe. Hollyhock, hoKlT-
— V. i. To use, or labor with, a hoe. Hoe'cake, n. — hok, A tall
-n.
A coarse cake, of Indian meal, baked before the fire, flowering plant of
or in the ashes, — sometimes on a hoe; a johnny- many varieties
cake. rose-inallow.
Hog, hog, ?i. A swine; porker; e.sp. a castrated boar; Holm, holm ochom,
a mean, filthy, or greedy fellow, the domesti- — Holm Oak, n. The
cated animal, "kept for lard and pork, being com- evergreen oak._
monly trained to gluttonous and filthy habits. — Holm, holm or hom,
v.t. [hogged (hogd), -GiXG.] To cut short the hair n. An islet, or riv-
of. — V. i. To become bent upward in the middle, like er isle; a low, flat
a hog's back. —
Hog'gish, a. Having the qualities tract of rich land
of a hog; gluttonous; filthy; selrisli; swinish. Hog'- — on the banks of a
sty, -sti, n. A pen or house for swine. Hog'-frame, — river.
H. A fore-and-aft truss, on steamboats, to prevent Holocaust, h o 1 ^ o -
vertical flexure. kawst, n. A burnt Hollv.
Hogshead, hogz'hed, n. An Eng. measure of capaci- sacrifice or offer-
ty =
(>j wine gallons, or 521 imperial gallons; in U. ing, wholh' consumed by fire ; a great slaughter.
S., a large cask, of indefinite contents" — Holograph, -graf, ?». Any
writing, as a Tetter,
Hoiden, Hoyden, hoi'dn, n. A
rude, bold girl; a romp. deed, will, etc., wliolly in the handwriting of the
— a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. one from whom it proceeds.
Hoist, hoist, 1-. t. To raise, lift: esp. to lift by means Holster, hoKster, n. A leather case for a pistol, car-
of tackle. —
n. That bj^ which anything is hoisted; ried by a horseman.
act of hoisting, {jyaut".) The perpendicular height Holy, h6''lT, a. [-LIEK, -LIEST.] Set apart to the ser-
of a flag or sail. —
Hoisfway, ?i. An opening in vice or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; accept-
floors of a warehouse, etc., through which to hoist able to God free from sinful affections
: pure
— ; ;

goods. guiltless. —
Ho'iiness, n. Hig //o/fjiew. title of A
Hoity-toity, hoi'tT-toi-'tT, a. Thoughtless, giddy, the Pope and of Greek bishops. Ho'ly-day, h. — A
flighty, —
used also as an exclamation, denoting sur- consecrated day; religious anniversary or festival;
prise, with some degree of contempt. a festival of any kind; holiday. [In the latter sense,
Hold, hold, i\ t. [held or {Law) hoi.dex; holding.] holidai/is the preferable spelling.] — HoKiday, hOK-,
To sustain, restrain, keep in ti.e grasp, retain; to 71. A festival day; day of exemption from labor;
maintain possession of, or authority over, defend; day of amusement or of joy and gayety. a. Pert, —
to be in possession of, derive title to; to impose re- to, etc.; joj-ous; gaj'. — Ho'^ly-stone, n. (Kcait.) A
straint upon; to keep up in being or action, carry on, stone for cleaning the decks of ships. v. t. To —
continue; to prosecute, have, take, or join in: to'con- scrub with, etc.
tain.as a vessel, anything put into it; to have ca- Homage, honT'ej, n. {Feml. Law.) An acknowledg-
pacity for; to accept (an opinion), maintain; to con- ment made by a tenant to his lord, on receiving in-
sider, regard, account. v. i. —
To keep one's self in vestiture of fee, that he was his jHan, or vassal. Re-

am, fame, f iir, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term : Tn. Ice ; Sdd. tone, 6r
 —

HOME 181 HOOF

spect or reverential regard; esp., respect paid by ex- lected by bees from flowers, and stored in honey-
ternal action obeisance reverential worship de-
; ; ; comb; that which is sweet or pleasant; sweet one;
vout aliection. darling.— v. i. [honeyed (-id), -eying.] To use
Home, horn, ?i. The house in which one resides; place endearments to practice servile flattery, fawn.
;
—
or country in which one dwells; aU that pertains to V. t. To make luscious, sweeten. — Hon'ey-bag, «.
— The receptacle for honey
a dwelling-place. a. Pert, to one's dwelling,
country, or family; domestic; close; pointed. adv.
To one's home or country: close closely; to the
— in a bee. —
mass of waxen cells,
comb, »i. The
point. —
Home ''less, n. Destitute of a home.
;

— formed by bees, for their

Homo'ly, -II, a. [-lier, -liest.] Belonging to home; honey, eggs, etc. any ;

domestic; familiar; plain; rude in appearance; un- substance, perforated

polished; of plain features; not handsome.— Home'-
Uness, n. —
Home'sick, a. Depressed in spirits by
separation from home. —
Home'sickness, n. — honey-comb.
A sweet, saccharine
—
with cells like those of a
dew, n.
sub-
Home''8pun, a. Spun or wrought at home; coarse; stance, found on the
plain; plain in manner; rude. ^?i. Cloth made at leaves of plants in drops,
home.— Home''stead, Ji. The inclosure or ground
immediately connected with a mansion; home or
like dew. —
guide, »«. An
African bird, allied to Honev-pomh
iionej comD.
seat of a family. (Law.) A
person's dwelling-place, the cuckoo, which, by its
with that part of his landed property contiguous to motions and cries, leads to hives of wild honey. —
— Home'' ward, Toward home. — Home''- -lo'cust, n. A N. amer. tree, having long pods with
it.

uncultivated.
adv.
bred, a. Bred at home native
— ; domestic rude
made, a. Made at home
;

of do- ;
;

month after marriage.

; a sweet pulp between the seeds.
suck'le, w. One of
first
moon, n. The —
mestic manufacture. several species of flowering plants, from whose co-
Homeopathy, ho-me-op''a-thT, 7i. (Med.) Theory that rolla a drop of honey may be sucked.
disease is cured by remedies which produce on a Honor, on^'er, n. Esteem due to worth; when said of
healthv person effects similar to the symptoms of the Supreme' Being, reverence, veneration mani- ;

the patient's complaint, the remedies being usually festation of respect or reverence; that which right-
administered in minute doses. —
Ho'meopath''ic, a. fully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration,
Of, or pert, to, etc. —
Ho'meop'atliist, Ho'meopath, esp., excellence of character, in men, integrity; in —
n. A
believer in, or practitioner of, etc. Homoiou''- —
women, chastity; a nice sense of what is right, just,
sian, -moi-o6''zl-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who held and true, with ,a correspondent course of life; dig-
that the Son was of like, but not the same,«essence nity high rank reputation a mark of respect.
; ; ;

with the Father, —

opp. to homoousian, q_. v., under ]_jI. Academic or university prizes or distinctions;
in certain games, tlie 4 highest cards —
HOMOCENTRIC. the ace, king,
Homer, ho^mer, n. A
Hebrew measure, as a liquid —
queen, and jack.— v. t. [honoked (on''erd), -OK-
measure, 75 wine gallons; as a dry measure, 11 l-9th ING.] To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or
bushels. respect, when said respecting the Supreme Being, —
Homeric, ho-mer''ik, a. Pert, to Homer, the poet of to adore, worship; to dignify, elevate in rank or sta-
Greece, or to his poetry. .
tion. (Com.) To accept and pay when due. Hon''- —
Homicide, hom^'I-sid, n. The killing of any human orable, «. Worthy of honor; estin:iable ; actuated
being by the act of man ; manslaughter; one who by principles of honor; proceeding from an upright
kills another; amanslayer. and laudable cause; conferring honor; performed
Homily, hom'T-lI, n. A plain and familiar sermon; a or accompanied with marks of honor; an epithet of
serious discourse. —
Homilefics, n. sing. Science of distinction; becoming men of rank and character.
preaching or of preparing and delivering homilies or Hon'ora'rium, Hon^orary, -rl, n. —
fee offered to A
sermons. professors in universities, and to medical or other
Hominy, hom''i-nT, n. Maize hulled and broken, but professional gentlemen. Hon'orary, a. Confer- —
coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water ring, or intended merely to confer, honor; possess-
and boiled. ing title or place without performing services or re-
Hommock, hom'mok, n. A
hillock; small eminence. ceiving i-eward. Hon'est, a. Decent; honorable; —
Homocentric, ho-mo-sen'trik, «. Having the same cen- fair; good; unimpeached: fair in dealing with oth-
ter. —Homocer''cal,-ser''kal, a. (Ichtli.) ers; upright; just; free from fraud; equitable; ac-
Having the tail symmetrical, the ver- cording to truth; proceeding from just principles, or
tebral column terminating at its com-
—directed to a good object; chaste; virtuous. Hon''- —
—
mencement, opp. to heterocercal. estly, -IT, adv. Hon^'esty, -tf, n. Quality or state of —
Homceop'^atliy, n. Same as Homeop- being honest; upright disposition or conduct; integ-
athy. —Homoge^neal, -je''ne-al, -ne- rity; probity; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity;
ous, -ne-us, a. Of the same kind or candor; veracity.
nature; consisting of elements of the Homocercal Hood, hd6d, ?i. covering for the head, which leaves A
like nature. —
Ho'mogene''ity, -ne''!- .
'

only the face exposed; anything resembling a hood

tl, -ge'neousness, n. Sameness of kind \^^^^ pt a ner- in form or use, as, the top of a carriage, or a chim-
or nature; uniformity of structure or rnig)-
ney-top, often movable on a pivot. r. t. To cover —
material. —
Homogen^'esis, n. That method of nat- or furnish with a hood; to cover, hide Hood''-cap, ?i. —
ural descent in which the successive generations are kind of seal, hav- A
alike; gamogenesis, —
opp. toJieterogenesis. Homol''- —
ing a membranous
ogous, -gus, a. Having the same relative position, muscular sac over
proportion, value, or structure. —
Hom'^ologue, -log, its head, which it
— Hom''on3rm, -nim, n. A word
n. That which is,
it in meaning, —
etc.
having the same sound as another, but diif ering from
as the noun bear and the verb hear.
inflates
alarmed. —when
ing, -moTild'ing, »..
mold'-

— Homon^ymous, -T-mus, a. Having different si"- (^Arch.) A

project-
niflcations, or applied to different things; equivocal; in g molding, a s
ambiguous. — Homon'ymy, -mT, n. Sameness be- over the head of
tween words which differ in signification; ambigu- the arch of a Goth-
— Ho'moou'sian, -mo-oo''zt-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
it}'. ic door or w i n-
One of a sect who maintained that the Son had the dow drip- stone.
same essence with the Father, — opp. to homoiousian, — ;

Hood'^wink, v. t.
q. v., under Homeopathy. [-WINKED (-winkt), a, a, Hood-moldiU;
Homon3^ Same as Hominy. -W I N K I N G.] ~ To
Hone, hon, n. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- blind by covering the eyes; to cover, hide; to impose
ening instruments, cap. razors. v. t. [hoxed — on. _
(hond), HONING.] To sharpen on a hone. Hoodlum, hood''lum, n. In California, etc., a rough;
Honest, Honesty, etc. See under Honok. rowdy; ragamuffin; blackguard.
Honey, hun'I, n. A sweet, viscid fluid, esp. that col- Hoof, hoof or h(36f, n. ; pi. Hoofs, rarely Hooves. The

stin, cube, fijU ; moon, f (3t»t ; cow, oil ; lisger or igk, tiien, boKboif, chair, get.
 HOOK 182 HORSE
horny substance that covers or terminates the feet tal, a. Pert, to, near, or parallel to, etc.; on a level;
of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, measured or contained in a plane of the horizon. —
deer, etc.: see HoRSK. An animal; a beast. Hor'izon'tally, oAv.
Book, h66k, n. Some hard material, bent into a curve Horn, h5rn, n. hard, projecting, and usually curved A
for catching, holding, or sustaining anything a and pointed organ, growing from the heads of cer-
;

snare; a scythe or sickle; a bolt or spike with a ver- tain animals; something made of, or like a horn, as,
tical pin at one end. —
v. t. [hooked (h<36kt), hook- a wind instrument of music; or, a drinking-cup; or,
ing.] To catch or fasten, seize or draw, with a hook; a utensil for holding powders something resembling
to draw or obtain by artifice, insnare; to steal. v. —
a horn in position or projection; the tough fibrous
i. To bend, be curved. Hooked,— h66k''ed o)- h(56kt, material of which horns are composed. (Script.}
a. Hook-shaped; curvated; provided with a hook. A
symbol of strength, power, exaltation. An em-
— Hook'^edness, n. blem of a cuckold, chiefly in pi. v. t. [horned —
Hookah, hfiSk-'a, n. A
kind of pipe, used in the (hornd), horning.] To furnish with horns; to give
Orient, having a long, flexible stem, in which the the shape of a horn to to cuckold. Homed, hornd, a. ; —
smoke of the tobacco passes through water. Having, or shaped like, etc. Hom'y, -T, a. [-ier, —
Hoop, hoop or hcjbp, n. A
circular band of wood or -lEST.] Consisting of horns or of a horn-like sub-
metal, esp. one for holding together the staves of stance; hard; callous. Horn '-book, n. primer, — A
casks, etc.; a flattened ring; a circle, or combination —
formerly covered with horn to protect it; any ele-
of rings of elastic material, for expanding the skirts mentary text-book hand-book. mad, a. Mad ;

—
of dresses, chiefly in pi.; a quart pot,— orig. bound
—
as one who has been horned or cuckolded; stark,
—
with hoops, like a barrel. v. t. [hooped (hdbpt), .mad; raving crazy. -owl, n. species of owl, A
hooping.] To bind or fasten with hoops; to clasp, having 2 tufts of feathers on its head. stone,
encircle. n. (3lin.) silicious stone resembling flint, but A
Hoop, hoop, V. t. To whoop, q. v. Hoop'er, n. — A
more brittle. Hom^'beam, n. tiee having a — A
wild swan, which utters a note like lohoop.— Hoop''- smooth, gray bark and white and very hard wood.
ing-cough, n. A
cough in which the patient whoops, Hom^bill, n. —
large bird of A
with a deep inspiration of breath. Africa and A.sia, having a large
Hoosier, hoo'zher, n. A
citizen of Indiana. bill curving downward, on
Hoot, hoot, r. i. To cry out or shout in contempt: to which is a process resembling
cry as an owl. v. t. To utter contemptuous cries another growing upward. —
or shout^ at. n.— A
cry in contempt; cry of an owl. Hom'blende, n. Qlin.) com- A
Hoove, hooy, Hoveu, hoVn, n. A
disease in cattle, mon mineral, occurring massive,
with inflation of the stomach by gas. or in prismatic crystals, and of
Hop, hop, V. i. [HOPPED (hopt), -ping.] To leap on various colors: it consists essen-
one leg; to skip, as birds do; to move by leaps, as tially of silica combined with
toads do. —
n. A
jump a dance. Hop/'per, n.
;
— magnesia, lime, or iron. Hor'- —
One who hops; a trough through which grain passes net, n. large, strong, venom- A
into a mill by jolting or shaking; a vessel in which ous wasp.— Horn'pipe, n. An
seed-corn is carried tor sowing. —
Hop'^-scotch, n. A
instrument of music consisting
child's game, in which a stone is driven by the foot of a wooden pipe, with holes, and
from one compartment to another of a figure traced a horn at each end; a lively air
or scotched upon the ground. —
Hop'ple, -pi, v.t. of compound triple time; a Srit- ,.,,
HornbiU.
_
[-PLED (-pld), -PLING.] To tie the feet of loosely to- ish dance.
gether, to prevent running or leaping. w. — A
fetter Horologue, Horoscope, etc. See under Hour.
for horses, or other animals, turned out to graze. Horror, hor'rer, n. shaking, shivering, or shudder- A
Hop, hop, n. A
twining vine pi. its bitter, aromatic
; ing, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; a pain-
flower-scales and fruit, ful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence ; that
dried and used in brew- which excites horror or dread. Hor'rible, -rT-bl, a. —
ing, cooking, and medi- Exciting, or tending to excite, horror; dreadful; aw-
cine.— Hop'-bine, -bind, ful; shocking; hideous; horrid. Hor'rid, a. Rough; —
n. The stalk or \'ine on bristling; prickly; fitted to excite horror; very offen-
which hops grow. sive or disagreeable. Hor^rify, -rT-fl, v. t. [-fiei> —
Hope, hop, n. A
desire of (-fid),-FYiNG.] To make horrible, strike with horror.
some good, with at least Horrif'^ic, a. —
Causing horror; frightful.
a slight belief that it is Horse, h6rs, n. hoofed quadruped used for draught A
obtainable that which
;

gives hope or furnishes

ground of expectation;
tiling which is hoped
for; anticipation; trust;
belief; confidence. v. i. —
[hoped (hopt"), HOPING.]
To entertain nope, place
confidence. —
v. t. To
desire with expectation.
— Hope'ful, -ful,a. Full
of hope having qualities
;

which excite hope ;

promising.— Hope'fully, Hop.

adv.— Hope'fulness, n.
— Hope'less, a. Destitute of hope; despairing; giV'
ing no ground of hope; desperate; unhoped for; un-
expected. — Hope'lessly, aclv. — Hope''lessneBS, n.
Horal, Horary. See under Houk.
Horde, hord, n. A wandering troop or gang; esp. a
clan or tribe of a nomadic people possessing no fixed Horse.
habitations. 1, ears ; forelock
2, 3, fore- ; flank ; 26, belly ; 27, haunch ;
Horehound. See Hoakhound, under Hoar. head ; eye 5, eye-pits 6,
4, ; ; 28, thigh ; 29, buttock ; 30,
Horizon, ho-ri'zun, n. The apparent junction of the nose ; 7, nostril 8, point of ; stifle; 31, leg ; 32, tail ; 33,
earth and sky. (A-'itron.) A
plane passing through nose ;

cheek
9, lips ; 10, nether jaw ;
12, poll 13, mane;
hock ; 34, cannon or shank-
bone 35, arms .36, knees
the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the 11, ; ; ; ;

vertical at a given place, —

called the seiwible hori- 14, withers; 15, parotid 37, passage for the girths
glands ; 16, throat ; 1", neck 38,elbow 39, shank 40, bul-
; ;
zon ; a plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a ;

place, and passing through the earth's center, — 18, jugular vein ; 19, shoul-
der '20, chest 21, ribs 22,
let
net
; 41, pasterns ;
48, foot ; 44,
42,
hoof
coro-
45,
ealled the rational or celestial horizon. Hor'tzon'- — back
:

; 23, loins
;

; 24, hip ;
;

25, fetlock.
; ;

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 5r
 HORTATION 183 HOWEL
or the saddle; the male of the genus horse, disting. —
v.t. [houghed (hokt), HOUGHixG.] To disable
fr. the female ; mounted soldiery, cavalry (used by cutting the sinews of the leg; to hamstring.
•without pi. termination); a frame with legs used for Hound, hownd, n. A hunting dog; prop., one which
supporting something. {Mining.^ mass of earthy Ahunts game by the scent. v. t. To incite, as a —
matter inclosed between branches of a vein. (Naut.) hound, to pursuit; to hunt, chase; to urge on, as by
A foot-rope from the middle of a yard to its extrem- hounds; to incite or spur on.
ity; a thick rope near the mast for hoisting a yard or Hour, owr, n. Sixty minutes; the time of the day, as
—
extending a sail on it. v. t. [horsed (h6rst), hoe.s-. indicated by a timepiece fixed or appointed time ; ;

ING.] T,o provide with a horse or horses; to ride or conjuncture; limit of the time appointed for one's
sit on anj^thing astride to cover (a mare)
; said of regular labor, — as, after hotas. pi. (Myth.) God- —
the mal€. — Horse'inan, n.; pi. -men. —
horseback. (Mi/.) A
rider on
mounted soldier. Horse^'maii- —A
desses of the seasons, etc. Hour'ly,
-It, a. Happening or done every hour;
sMp, n. Act or art of riding, and of training and occurring every hour; frequent; often
managing horses; manege. Horse'^shoe, n. An iron— repeated; continual. — rtc/y. Every
shoe for horses, slaaped like the letter u anything so hour; frequently.— Hour'- glass, n. An
;

shaped.— Horse''-bean, n. A kind of small bean usu- instrument for measuiing time, esp.
ally given to horses.
by horses.
—
car, ?i.
chest'nut, -ches'nut, n.
A
railroad car drawn
tree bearing
the interval of an hour, by the running
A
of sand out of a glass vessel. Hor'b- —
showy flowers and large nuts, said to have been — loge, hSr'o-loj, n. timepiece of any
— A .

brought fr. Constantinople; the nut. [So called be- kind. Horolog'ical, -15Vik-al, a.'
cause the nut was formerly ground and given to
— Pert, to a horologe, or to horology. , t —
horses.] -lat'itudes, n. pi. A
sailor's name for 2 HoroKogy, -jl, n. Science of measur- "0"^r-giass.
,
^

zones of calms and baffling winds, one in each hemis- ing time.— Hor'oscope, -skop, ?i. (Astrol.) An obser-
—
phere, said to be very fatal to horses on shipboard. vation of the heavens at the moment of a person's
laugh, n. A loud, coarse, boisterous laugh. birth, by which astrologers claimed to foretell the
-pow'er, n. The power which a horse is capable of events of his life; scheme of 12 houses or signs of the
exerting. (Mach.) A
standard by which the capa- zodiac, into which the circuit of the heavens was
bilities of steam engines, etc., are measured, esti- —
divided for such prediction of fortune.
mated as 33,000 pounds raised 1 foot in a minute. Houri, how'rl or hoo-'rT, n. A nymph of paradise, A —
machine operated by horses. race, n. race by A
so called by Mohammedans.
horses. rad^ish, n. {Bot.) A cruciferous herb, al- House, hows, n. ; pi. Houses, howz^'ez. A building
lied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, used as a shelter for animals of any kind esp. one ;

—
used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine.
rake, n. A rake drawn by horse-power.
Hortation, hdr-ta^'shun, n. Act of giving advice.
for the habitation of man a dwelling mansion
tenement; household affairs domestic concerns; a
household; family; a race of persons from the same
;

;
; ;

Horticulture, hOr'tT-kuFchur, n. Art of cultivating stock a tribe ; esp. a noble or illustrious race
; a ;

gardens; cultivation of a garden or orchard. body of men united in their legislative capacity.
Hosanna, ho-zan'na, n. ; pi. -kas, -naz. An exclama- ( Com.) firm or commercial establishment. (As- A
tion of praise to God. trol.) A
12th part of the heavens. An inn; hotel; an
Hose, hoz, n. ; pi. Hose, formerly Hosen, ho'zn. audience; assembly of hearers. House, howz, v. t.
Close-fitting breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to [HOUSED (howzd), HOUSING.] To shelter, protect by
the knee; stockings; a flexible pipe to convey water. covering. v. i. —
To take shelter or lodgings, abide,
— Hc'sier, -zher, n. One who deals in hose, or in dwell.— House^'liold, m. Those who dwell under the
goods knit or woven like hose. Ho'siery, -zher-t, same roof and compose a family. a. Belonging to —
n. Business of a hosier; stockings and knit goods. the house and family; domestic. House''holder, n. —
Hospice, hos''pes, n, A
place of refuge or entertain- The head of a family; one who occupies a house. —
ment for Alpine travelers kept by monks, who also House ''keeper, n. One who occupies a house with his
occupy it as a convent. —
Hos''pitable, -pt-ta-bl, a. family; a householder; afemale servant who hasthe
Receiving and entertaining strangers without re- chief care of the family. House'' wife, hows'wif or —
ward; kind to guests; proceeding from or indicating huz'wlf, n. The mistress of a family; a little case
kindness to guests. —
Hos'^pital, n. building in A
for materials used in sewing, etc., — prop, hussif, q.
which the sick are treated: a refuge for the disabled, v.— House'wifely, -It, a. Pert, to a housewife, or to
intirm, or dependent. —
Hos'pitaKity, -t-tT, n. Act female management of home affairs; like a house-
or practice of one who is hospitable. Host, host, n. — wife.— House' wifery, huz'wif-rt, n. Business of the
One from whom another receives food, lodging, or mistress of a family; female management of domes-
entertainment; a landlord. Host'^ess, n. female tic concerns. A
House'-break'er, n. One who feloni-
—
host or innkeeper. Hostler, hos'ler or os''ler, n.
One who has the care of horses at an inn; stable-boy;
groom. HoteK, n. An inn or public house; esp. one
ously breaks into a house.
—
^break'ing, n. Act of, etc.
^warm'ing, n. An entertainment given when a
family enters a new house.
of some style or pretensions. Housing, howz'ing, n. saddle-cloth horsecloth A ; ;

Host. See under Hospice. act of putting under shelter. (Arch.) Space taken
Host, host, n. An army any great number or multi- out of one solid, to admit the insertion of another
tude. — ;

Hostile, hSs'til, a. Pert., or appropriate to, a niche for a statue. (Mach.) The part of the
;

an enemy; inimicil; adverse; repugnant. Hostil'- framing which holds a journal-box in place up- ;

ity, -tiKT-tl, n. State of being hostile; act of an open rights supporting the cross-slide of a planer.
enemy, esp. in plural, acts of warfare. Hove. See Heave.
Host, host, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.') The consecrated Hovel, huv'l, n. An open shed for sheltering cattle,
wafer, believed to be the. body of Christ, offered in etc., from weather; a small, mean house. ^r. t.
the mass as a sacrifice. [hoveled (-Id), -ELiNG.] To put in a hovel, shelter.
Hostage, hos-'tej, n. A
person given as a security for Hover, huVer, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To hang
the performance of conditions. fluttering in the air, or upon the wing to move to ;

Hostess, etc. See under Hospice. and fro the neighborhood of. m
Hostile, etc. See under Host, an army. How, how, adv. In what manner or way by what ;

Hot, hot, a. [hotter hottest.] Having much

; means to what degree or extent in wnat propor- ; ;

sensible heat characterized by heat, ardor, or ani- tion; for what reason; in what state, condition, or
;

mation lustful lewd acrid biting pungent plight. —

Howbe^it, conj. Bte it as it may; neverthe-
; ;

fiery; eager; brisk; violent; furious.

; ; ; ;

less; notwithstanding; yet; but; however. How- —

Hotchpotch, hoch''poch, n. A
confused mixture of ev'er, at/v. In whatever manner or degree; at all
ingredients. (Laiv.) A
blending of property for events; at least. conj. Nevertheless; notwithstand- —
equality of division. In Scot., a kind of mutton ing yet still though. How'soev'er, adv. In
; ; ; —
broth, containing green peas, carrots, etc. what manner soever; to whatever degree however. ;

Hotel, etc. See under Hospice. Howdah, how'da., n. seat on the back of an ele- A
Hough, hok, n. The hock, the joint on the hind leg phant or camel.
of a quadruped, between knee and fetlock : see Howel, how'el, n. cooper's plane for smoothing A
Horse the posterior part of the knee-joint in man.
; and chamfering the inside of casks, etc.
Bita, cube, f^U. ; moon, fS&t ; cow, oil ; ligger or ijjk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HOWITZER 184 HUMP
Howitzer, how^its-gr, n (Mil.) A short, large bore very small Amer. bird of many species, remarkable
cannon, with for the metallic brilliancy of its plumage, its swift
or without a motion, and the humming sound of its wings when
h a m b e in- in flight, or hovering about flowers in pursuit of in-
tended to ^^^
c r,
sect food.
throw large Hum, hum, interj. Ahem; hem, a sound with a —
projectiles with pause implying doubt and deliberation.
small charges. Human, hu'man, a. Pert, to man or mankind; hav-
Howl, h o wl, V.
i. [HOWLED
(howld),iiowL-
"^^^
_
ing the qualities or attributes of man.
-ll,adv. After the manner of men.
Hu'manly,
Hu'^manist, n.
One who pursues the study of the humauitiet', or po-
—
—
ING.] To cry Howitzer. lite literature; one versed' in the knowledge of hu-
as a dog or wolf; to utter a loud, protracted, and man nature. — Human'ity, -Y-tT, ?j. Quality of be-
mournful sound to utter a sound of distress, wail ing human; mankind collectively; quality of being
to roar, as a tempest. v. t.
;

—
To utter with outcry. humane kindness; benevolence; mental cultiva-
— n. The protracted cry of a dog, etc. a loud cry
;

tion; liberal education, pi. The branches of polite

— HowK et, n. An owl
;

of distress; yell. ; owlet. or elegant learning: belles-lettres. Hu'manize, r. t. —

Hoy, hoi, n. (jVaut.) A coasting vessel for passengers [-ized (-izd), -iziNG.] To render human or humane.
and goods, usually a sloop. — V. i. To become or be made more humane; to be-
Hub, hub, n. The central part or nave of a wheel come civilized, be ameliorated. Human'ita'rian, —
hilt of a projecting obstruction mark at
weapon ; ; -rl-an, n. One who holds that Jesus Christ was
which quoits, etc., are cast block for scotching a ; merely a man; one who practices humanity or be-
wheel; a fluted steel screw for cutting chasing tools, nevolence. (PhUos.) One who limits the sphere of
etc.; a punch for making die-matrixes. duties to human relations and affections, excluding
Hubbub, hub^bub, n. A great noise of confused voices; the spiritual. a. —
Pert, to humanitarians; benevo-
a tumult; uproar; riot. lent; philanthropic; ethical, disting. fr. religious. —
Huckaback, huk'a-bak, n. kind of linen with raised A — Htiman'ita''riaiiism, -izm, n. Doctrine or practice
—
tigures, for table-cloths and towels. of, etc. Humane'', -man'', a. Having the feelings
Huckleberry, huk''l-bei'rt, n. branching shrub, of A proper to man, and a disposition to treat others with
several species, producing a small, black, edible kindness kind benevolent merciful tending to
; ; ; ;

berry; the fruit of this shrub. [Written also whortle- refine.

berri/.'] Humble, lium''bl or um-'bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Low;
Huckster, huk'ster, n. A retailer of small articles unpretending; mean; thinking lowly of one's self
a peddler hawker a mean, trickish fellow.
; ; v. i. — not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest; meek. —
To deal in some small articles, or in petty bargains. V. t. [humbled (-bid), bring low, re-
-BLIXG.J To
Huddle, hud^dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dlixgI] To press duce the power, independence, or exaltation of,
or hurry in disorder to crowd together confusedly. bring down; to make lowly in mind, abase the pride
— ;

V. t. To hurry and slight; to put on, put together, of, degrade, sink. —
Hum^bly, -_bll, adv. Hum'ble- —
or put away hastily or in disorder. — n. A confused ness, n. —
Humiliate, hu-miKl-at, v. t. To reduce to
crowd of persons or things; tumult; confusion. a lower position, humble, depress, abase. Humil'- —
Hue, hu, ?i. Color; shade; tint; dye. ia'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Humil''- —
Hue, hu, n. A
shouting or vociferation. ity, -tT, 11. State or quality of being humble; lowli-
Huff, huf n. A fit of petulance or anger a boaster.
, ;
— ness of mind; modesty; diffidence.
V. t. [huffed (huft), HUFFiifG.] To swell, puff up Humble-bee, hum''bl-be, n. A large, hairy bee, of many
to treat with insolence, bully. v. i. To dilate, swell — ;

species, having nests in the ground; a bumble-bee.

up; to take offense; to bluster, storm. Humbles, Umbles, um'blz, Nom'bles, n. pi. The en-
Hug, hug, V. t. [HUGGED (hugd), -GiNG.] To embrace trails of a deer or other beast. To eat humble pie. —
closely; clasp to the bosom; to hold fast, treat with To take up with mean fare, accept humiliation,
fondness to cherish in the mind. {Naut.) To keep apologize abjectly.
close to. —;

n. A close embrace; clasp; gripe. Humbug, Humdrum. See under Hum.

Huge, huj, a. Very large or great monstrous im- ; ; Humerus, hu^mer-us, n. The shoulder the upper ;

mense; extended; gigantic; vast. arm; esp. the long bone fr. shoulder to elbow.
Hugger-mugger, hug''ger-mug'g5r, n. Privacy se- Humid, hu''mid, a. Containing sensible moisture ;
crecy. — a.
Secret; sly; disorderly; mean.
;

damp; moist.— Humid'tty, -T-tt, n. Moisture; damp-

Huguenot, hu''ge-not, n, (Eccl. Hist.) French Prot- A ness; degree of wetness or saturation.
estant of the period of the religious wars in France Humming-bird. See under Hum.
in the 16th century. Hummock, huni'mok, n. A rounded knoll or hillock;
Hulk, hulk, n. The body of a vessel; esp. the body of a ridge or pile of ice on an ice-field; timbered land.
an old ship unfit for service anything bulky or un- ; Humor, hu'^mer or u'^mer, n. Moisture; any fluid of
wieldy. — Hulk'ing, a. Heavy; unwieldy. an animal body except blood, esp. a portion of the
Hull, hul, n. The outer covering of anything, esp. of eye. {Med.} A vitiated or morbid animal fluid,
a nut or of grain; the husk. {Naut.) The frame or such as often causes an eruption on the skin; an
body of a vessel: see Ship. v. t. [hulled (huld), — eruptive affection of the skin a rash. State of mind ;

.HULLING.] To strip off or separate the hull or hulls (formerly fancied to depend on the condition of the
of; to pierce the hull of (a ship). fluids of the body); disposition; temper; whim; ca-
Hum, hum, v. i. [hummed (humd), -mixg.] To make price present disposition; that quality of the im-
;

a dull, prolonged, nasal sound, like that of a bee in agination which excites mirth by ludicrous images
flight; to drone, murmur, buzz, drawl; to make as or representations wit satire pleasantrj'.; ; v. t. ;
—
if speaking, but without opening the mouth, or ar- [humored (-merd), -morixg.] To comply with the
ticulating; to mumble.— i>. t. To sing with shut mimor of, please by indulgence, favor to adapt one's ;

mouth; to murmur without articulation; to make a

— self to. —
Hu'' moral, a. Port, to, or proceeding from,
—
murmur or buzz of approbation. n. Noise of bees the humors. Hu'moralism, -izm, n. State of be-
in flight, of a revolving top, whirling wheel, etc.; ing humoral; doctrine that diseases have their seat in
any inarticulate buzzing the humors or fluids of the body. Hu^moriam, n. —
sound; an imposition or (Med.) Humoralism. Humorousness. Hu'morist, —
hoax.— Hum'bug,n. Im- n. One who attributes diseases to the diseased state
position under fair pre- of the humors one who has strong peculiarity of
;

tenses; a hoax; one who character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical

hoaxes ; an impostor. — ways one who has a playful fancy or genius a
—
; ;

V. t. [ n u M B u fS G E D wag; droll. Hu'morous, -us, n.. Suliject to be gov-

(-bugd), -GING.] To de- erned by humor or caprice; full of humor; exciting
ceive, impose on, cijolc. laughter; jocose; wittv; merry; cnpricimis; whimsi-
— Hum' drum, «. liull; cal. —
Hu^'morously, -IT, fc/r' Hu'raorousness, n. —
stupid; commonplace — ,,
Hummnig-hnvi
. ,. , — Hu'morsome, -sum, a. Influenci'd by humor.
Hum 'ming- bird, n. A Hump, hvuup, n. A
protuberance; bunch; esp. the

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone. Or
 — — — — —

HUNCH 185 HYDRA

protuberance formed by a crooked back; a hunch. corn; a mcetinj of neighbors, to assist in husking
— Hump^back, n. A crooked back; hunchback. corn. —
Husk' -T, a. Abounding with, consisting
Hunch, hunch, n. A hump; protuberance; a thick of, or like husks
isks
piece hunk a push or jerk, as with the elbow.
; ;
—
Husky, husk'I, a. Eou^h in tone; hoarse: raucous.
V. t. [huncued (huncht), hcxchixg.] To push Hussar, huz-zar'', ?«. {Mil.) Orig. one of .the national
with the elbow or with a sudden jerk; to crooK, as cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now one of the
—
the back. Haiicli''back, n. A
humpback; one who light cavalrj^ of European armies.
has, etc. Hussif, huz''zif, n. A
case for thread, needles, etc.,
Hundred, hun''dred, n. The number of ten times ten; called also houseicife.
a division of a county in Eng., supposed to have Hussy, huz'zt, n. An ill-behaved woman or girl; a
originally contained 100 families, or freemen. a. —
jade; pert girl; a case for thread, needles, etc.: see
—
Ten times 10; 90 and 10. Hun'dredth, a. Xext fol- Hussif. —
Hus^wife, -zif or -wif , n. female econ- A
lowing in order the 9»th; forming one of 100 parts omist or housekeeper; a worthless woman: a case for
into wliich anytliing is divided. —
n. One of 100 equal sewing materials. See Housewife. —Hus'^wifery,
parts into which one whole is divided. n. Management of family' concerns by a woman.
Hong. See Haxg. Hustings. hus''tino:z, n. pi. "The principal court of the
Hunger, hun'ger, n. A
craving for food; any ea^er city of London, neld before the lord mayor, record-
desire. —f. i. fnuxGERED (-gerd), -geeixg.] To er, and aldermen; place where the election of a mem-
crave food; to long for. —
v.t. To make hungry, ber of Parliament is held; platform on which candi-
famish. — Hun'^gry, -gri, ft. [-geiee, -gkiest.] Feel- dates stand.
ing hunger; having an eager desire; showing hun- Hustle, hus'l, V. t. ^[-tled (-Id), -tling.] To shake
ger; not rich or fertile; poor; barren. Hun'grily, —together in confusion, jostle, shove about roughly.
-It, adv. Hut, hut, n. small house, or cabin. A v. t. To place —
Hunk, hunk, »i. A
large lump or piece; a hunch. in huts, as troops in winter quarters.
Hunk'er, 71. One opposed to progress in politics; a Hutch, liuch, 11. A
chest, box, etc., for storing things;
conservative fogy. ;
—
Hunks, n. A
covetous, sordid a coop for rabbits; a low-wheeled car in a mine.
man; a miser; niggard. Huzza, huz-za'^, n. shout of joy. A
interj. Hurrah! —
Hunt, hunt, r. t. To follow after (game or wild ani- -—v.i. [huzzaed (-zad'), -zaing.] To utter a shout
mals); to chase; to search diligently after, pursue. of joy, approbation, or encouragement.
V. i. To follow the chase, go out in pursuit of game; Hyacinth, hi''a-sinth, n. (Bot.) bulbous plant of A
to seek by close pursuit, search. n. —
chase of A
many varieties, bearing spikes of fra-
wild animals, for catching them; pursuit; search; an grant flowers: the "wild hyacinth"
association of huntsmen. —
Hunt'er, n. One who {Eastern quamash) and " Peruvian
pursues wild animals, a huntsman; a dog, also a hyacinth" are varieties of s cilia.
horse, used in the ehase; a watch which haslhe crys- {Min.) A
red variety of zircon, some-
tal protected by a metallic cover. times used as a gem.
Hurdle, her''dl, n. A
framework of with.es and stakes Hybrid, hi'^brid or hib-'rid, n. An ani-
or of iron; aerate. mal or plant produced from mixture
Hurdy-gurdy, her'^dT-ger^dY, of 2 species; a mongrel; mule. a. —
n. Astringed instrument Produced from, etc.
of music, whose sounds are Hydra, hi^'dra, n. ; E. pi. -deas, -draz,
produced by the friction of L. pi. -DE-B, -dre. {Myth.) water- A
a wheel, and regulated by Hurdy-gurdy, serpent having maiw heads, one of
the fingers. wMch, being cut on, was succeeded
Hurl,-hgrl, V. t. [HUELED (lierld), hurling.] To send by another, unless the wound was
whirling or whizzing through the air; to th.ro vio- cauterized.w multifarious evil, or A
lently. —n. Act of hurling; a cast; fling-. one not to be repressed by a single
Hurra, -rah, hoor-rii'', interj. Huzza! a shout of joy or effort. {Zool.) minute kind of fresh A
exultation. water polyp. Hy'drous, -drus, a. —
Hurricane, hur''rt-kan, n. A
violent storm, character- Containing water, watery. Hy- —
ized by fury of the wind and its sudden changes. dran'gea, -je-a, n. {Hot.) A'shrubby Hyacinth.
Hurry, hur'rl, v. t. [-eied (-rid), -eying.] To hasten, genus of plants bearing opposite
urge onward; to cause to be done quickly; to im- leaves and large heads of showy flowers. Hy^'drant, —
pel to violent or thoughtless action to precipitate, n. A
pipe or spout at which water may be drawn
expedite, quicken. —
v. i. To move or act with haste
;

from the mains of an aqii_educt; a water-plug; street

or precipitation.— n. Act of hurrying; haste; speed; fountain. Hy-'drate, -drat, n. {CTiem.) compound A
urgency; bustle. formed by the union of a definite proportion of water
Hurt, hert, v. t. [hurt, hurting.] To wound or with some other substance, generally forming a neu-
bruise painfully; to damage, injure, harm; to wound tral salt. —
Hy'dride, -drid, n. { Chem.) compound A
the feelings of, annoy, grieve. n. —
physical in- A of the binary type, in which hydrogen, as a nega-
jury causing pain; detriment; wound; harm; loss; tive, is united with some other element. Hydrau'- —
mischief; disadvantage.— Hurt''ful,-ful, a. Tending lic, -draw'lik, -Ileal, a. Pert, to hydraulics, or to
to impair or destroy; pernicious; harmful; mischiev- fluids in motion. Hydrau''lics, n. sing. —That
ous; injurious; unwholesome. Hur''tle, -tl, v. i. To — branch of science or of engineering which treats of
—
clash, jostle; to move rapidly, skirmish; to make a fluids, esp. water, in motion. Hydraulic cement.
clashing, terrifying, or threatening sound. v. t. To —
Cement which will harden
brandish; to push forcibly. under water. H. press. — A
Hurtleberry. Same as Huckleberry and Whoetle- press in which great power
beeey. is obtained from a forcing
Husband, huz-'band, n. A
man who has a wife. v. t. —
pump which forces water
To direct and manage with frugality; to cultivate into a large cylinder. H. —
(land); to till.— Hus'^bandman, n. ; pi. -men. Afarm- ram. machine for rais- A
er tiller of the ground.
;
—
Hus''bandry, -rl, n. Care ing water by means of the
of domestic affairs; domestic economy; business of a momentum of the water of
husbandman or farmer; agriculture; tillage. which
a portion is to be Hydraulic Ham.
Hush, hush, a. Silent still quiet. ; n.; Stillness— raised. Hy'drocele, -sel, n.
; —
quiet. —V. t. [hushed (husht), hushing.] To still, {Med.) Dropsy of the scrotum or of the coverings of
silence; to calm (commotion or agitation).—!;, i. To the testicles or spermatic cord. Hydroceph''alus, —
be still; to be silent, —
esp. used in the imperative, -sef''a-lus, n. {3fed.) Dropsy of the brain. Hy'dro-
as an exclamation. Hush'^-mon'ey, n. bribe to A
dj^am^ic, a. Pert, to, or derived from, the force or
secure silence. pressure of water. —
Hy'drodynam''ics, n. Principles
Husk, husk, n. The external covering of certain fruits of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. —
or seeds of plants. v.t. [husked (huskt), husk- Hy'drofluor''ic, -floo-Or'ik, n. {Chem.) Pert, to, or
ing.] To strip off the external covering of. Husk''- —
derived from, fluorine and hydrogen. H. acid. An —
ing, n. Act of stripping off husks, as from Indian acid obtained by distilling fluor-spar with sulphuric

siin, cube, full ; m66n, idtt ; cow, oil 5 linger or ink, tiien, boNboif, chair, get.
 HYEMAL 186 HYSTERON-PROTERON
acid. — Hydrogen, -jen, 71. (Chem.) An inflamma- than the side of the cone makes. — HyTper^'bole, -bo- !
ble, colorless, inodorous gas of extreme lightness, le, n. {lUiet.) A figure of speech which expresses
one of the elements of water.— Hydrog''rapher, -fgr, more or less than the truth; exaggeration. — Hyper-
n. One who draws maps of the sea, etc., with the ad- boKic, -ical, a. {Math.) Pert, to or of the nature of
jacent shores. —
Hydrog''raphy, -ft, n. Art of meas- the hyperbola. Relating to, or containing, hvper-
uring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, etc., or of bole. —Hy-'perboKically, -ll, adv. In the forin of
forming charts of the same. —
HydroKogy, n. Sci- a hyperbola; with exaggeration. Hyperbo'rean, —
ence of water, its properties, phenomena, and laws, -re-an, a. Northern; very far north; arctic; hence
its distribution in lakes, rivers, etc., over the earth's very cold; frigid. n. —An inhabitant of the most
surface. —
Hydroni''eter, n. An instrument for deter- northern region of the earth.— Hypercrit''ic, n. One
mining the specitic gra^'ities and thence the strength critical beyond measure; a captious censor. Hy- —
of liquids; also, one for measuring the velocity or percrific, -ical, a. Over-critical critical bevond ;

discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc. use or_ reason; excessively nice or exact. Hyper- —
— Hyd.r6m''etry, -trt, n. The determining the spe- crit'^icism. -sizm, w. Excessive or unjust criticism.
—
cific gravity and strength of liquids; art or operation Hyper'trophy, -tro-fl, n. {Med.) Morbid en-
of measuring the velocity or discharge of running largement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the
water. —
Hydrop^athy, -a-thl, m. The water-cure, a body.
mode of treating diseases by the use of pure water. Hjrplien, hi'fen, n. (Print.) A mark, thus [-], to con-
— Hydropath''ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.— Hy drop 'a- nect syllables of divided, or parts of compound,
thist, Hy'dropath, n. One who practices, etc. Hy- — words.
dropho'Dia, -fo''bI-a, n. {Med.) A preternatural Hypnotic, hip-not'ik, a. Tending to produce sleep
—
dread of water, a symptom of canine madness; the soporific; characterized by unnaturalor morbid sleep.
disease caused by inoculation with the saliva of a — Hyp'notism, -no-tizm, m. A kind of mesmeric
rabid dog. —
Hydrostafic, -ical, a. Relating to hy- sleep or somnambulism; a similar condition pro-
drostatics; pert, to, or in accordance with, the prin- duced by gazing at a very bright object.
ciples of the equilibrium of fluids. Hydrostafics, — Hypo, hi'po, n. A morbid depression of spirits; hyp.
n. Science of the pressure and equilibrium of fluids. — Hyp'ochon''dria, hip'o-kon^drT-a, n. (Med.) A
Hyemal, hi-e^mal, a. Belonging to, or done in winter. mental disorder, in which one is tormented by mel-
Hyena, hi-e'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. carnivorous A ancholy and gloomy views, esp. about his own
mammal of ^y:^^ health. — Hyp'ochon'*'driac, a. Pert, to the hypo-
Asia and Afri- ^:~rH^ '
chondrium, or the ) body so called; af-
arts of the
ca, allied to the j','-'P'''.i»-*i
f fected, characterized, or produced by, hypochondria;
dog: habits
its _,.•',
«,*•' '..
<Sii producing melancholy, or low spirits. n. person — A
are nocturnal, ^•-/
v- i * «
j*- •» * 'i.^l
fi. * ^ .">u,a
affected with hj'pochondria. —
H3rp'oclion''drium, n. ;
and it gener- .
pi. -DEIA. (Anat.) That part of the cavity of the
ally feeds upon abdomen which, on either side, is beneath the carti-
carrion. lages of the false ribs. —
Hypoc'risy, -ri-st, ». The
Hygeian, hi-ie'- act or practice of a hypocrite; simulation, or dissim-
an, a. Relating ulation; esp. the assuming of a false appearance of
to'Hj'geia, god- virtue or religion. —
Hyp''ocrite, -krit, w. pretender A
dess of health; ^g to virtue or piety which he has not. Hypocrit'ic, —
pert, to health
or its preserva- °^
m __
-ical, a. Belonging to a hj'pocrite; exhibiting hypoc-
risy.—Hypocrit'ically, adv. Sypodei^mic, -der''- —
tion. — Hy'- Hyena, mik, a. (Med.) Pert, to what is under the skin; sub-
giene, -jT-eu. n. Science of preserving health, esp. cutaneous. H. injection. The introducing, by a syr-
of households and communities.— Hygien'ic, -en-ik, inge, under the skin, some medicinal substance —
a. Pert, to, etc.; sanatory. —
anesthetic, narcotic, etc. Hypogas''tric, a. (Anat.)
Hygrology, lii-groKo-iT, n. Doctrine of the fluids of Relating to, or situated in, the middle of the lower
the body, or the phenomena and causes of atmos- part of the abdomen. —
Hypotenuse, iii-
pheric moisture. —
Hygrom-'eter, n. An instrument or hT-pofe-nus, n. (Geom.) The longest
for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere. Hy- — side of a right-angled triangle, or the
—
gromet-'ric, -rical, a. Pert, to hygrometry; made by, line that subtends the right angle. Hy-
or according to, the hygrometer; readily absorbing poth'^ecate, hi- or hi-, v. t. (Law.) To
and retaining moisture. —
Hygrom^etry, -trT, n. De- confer on (one's creditor) a right in a
termination of the humiditj' of bodies, esp. of the thing, with power to sell it for the dis-
atmosphere. charge of a debt out of the proceeds; to
Hymen, hitmen, n. {Myth.') The god of marriage and subject (propertj') to liability for a debt
nuptial solemnities. {Anat.) The virginal mem- without delivery of possession or trans-
brane. —
H3nnene''al, -e''an, a. Pert, to marriag;eor fer of title; to pledge. —
Hypoth'eca'tion, ?i. (Civ.
a wedding; nuptial. — n. A marriage song
epitha- Law.) Act or contract by which property is hypothe-
— Hymenop 'teral,
;

lamium. -terous, -us, a.

-ter-al, cated. (Law of Shipping .) A contract whereby the
Pert, to an order of insects having 4 membranous vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for repayment
wings, as the bee, the wasp, etc. of money advanced for the necessities of the ship.
Hymn, him, n. An ode or song of praise, adoration, Hypotli'^enuse. Same as Hypotenuse. —H3T)oth''e-
thanksgiving, etc., esp. one sung in worship. v. t. — sis, hi- or hi-, n. ; j>l. -SES, -sez. A supposition; some-
[hymxed (himd), hymning.] To worship or extol thing not proved, but assumed for the purpose of
by singing hj'mns; to sing. H5Tn''nal, n. — book of A argument; a theory assumed to account for known
—
hymns.— H3rmnoKogy, -jt, n. A
collection of hymns; facts or phenomena. Hypothet^'ic, -ical, a. Char-
hymns of a period or country; hymns collectively; acterized by a hypothesis conditional assumed
treatise on hymns. without proof for the purpose of reasoning.
;

Hypo-
;

—
Hyoid, hi'oid,'Hyoid''ean, -e-an, a. Having the form thefically, adv.
of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsi- Hyson, hi'^sn, n. Aspecies of green tea.
lon [v]. Hyoid bone. A bone between Hyssop, hls'^sup or hi'zup, n. A plant whose leaves
the root of the tongue and the larynx. have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
Hyp, hip, 71. A morbid depression of Hysteria, his-te-'rT-a, n. (Med.) A
nervous affection,
spirits; melancholy. v. t. —To make manifested by alternate fits of laughing and crying,
melancholy, depress the spirits of. or temporary delirium, with a sensation of strangu-
[Contr. of Jiyporhondria, q. v.] lation. —
Hyster''ic, -tgr'ik, -ical, o. Of, or pert, to,
Hyperbaton, hi-per'ba-ton, n. (Gram.) affected, or troubled with, hysterics; convulsive; fit,
A figurative construction, changing the ful.
natural and proper order of words and Hysteron-proteron, his-'te-ron-prot'e-ron, n. (Rhet.)
sentences. — Hyper'bola, -bo-li, n. A figure mwhich the word that should follow comes
{Geom.) A curve formed by a section first; an inversion of logical order, in which the con-
of a cone, when the cutting-plane clusion is put before the premises, or the thing
makes a greater angle with the base Hyperbola, proved before the evidence.
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, lee ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — —— ;

187 IDLE

I.

I, i, the 9th lettec of the En^. alphabet, has 2 principal Icicle. Icing, etc. See under Ice.
sounds, —
the long sound, as in;«/ie,/7«e, tee; and Iconoclast, i-kon'o-klast, n. destroyer of images or A
the short, as in inn, fin, gift. I and J were formerly idols: one who
exposes impositions or shams.
regarded as the same character, and in English dic- Icosahedron, i''ko-sa-he''dron, n. solid of 20 equal A
tionaries were long classed together. sides. {Geom.) A
regular solid, consisting of 20
I, i, prow. [750SS. MY or MINE o'y'ecfi've ME
; pl.,nom. ;
equal and similar triangular pyramids whose ver-
WE; »oss. OUR or Oi'ES; o'j/. us.] The nominative case tices meet in the center of a circumscribing sphere.
of the pronoun of the first person, the word by — Icteric, ik-ter''ik, n. A
remedy for the jaundice. —
which a speaker or writer denotes himself. Icter'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected with, jaundice;
Iamb, i''amb, Iam''bus, L. pi. I.43I''bi, -bi E. pi. ; good against the jaundice.
-BUSES, -bus-ez, lam-'bic, n. Ictus, ik'tus, n. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon
iP>03.) A
foot of •> syllables, the accented syllable of a word. Ic'' tic, a. Pert, to —
the 1st short and 2d long, or the or produced by a blow; sudden: abrupt.
1st unaccented and 2d accented. I'd, id. A
contr. fr. f,ii;oull or Ihud.
AversrC composed of such feet. Ida, id, n. A
lake fish of X. Europe, of the genus of
pi. A satirical poem; satire; lam- the dace, roach, etc., but ascending rivers to spawn.
poon. Idea, i-de''a, n.j pi. Ide''as, -az. The image or picture
Ibex, i'beks, n. A
wild goat of of a visible object, formed b\' the mind a similar ;

the Alps and other mountains image of any object, whether sensible or spiritual;
of Europe, remarkable for its 'a general notion or conception, formed by general-
long, recurved horns. ization a notion, conception, or thought a belief,
; ;

Ibidem, i-bi''dem, adv. In the doctrine, or opinion one of the archetypes or pat-
;

—
same place, abbrev. ibid. [L.] Ibex. terns of created things, conceived by the Platonists
to have existed from eternitj' in the mind of the
Ibis, i'bis, n. A
grallatory bird, one species of which
—
was regarded in ancient Egypt Deity. Ide'^al, n. A conception proposed by the
wi& adoration. mind for imitation, realization, or attainment a ;

Ice, IS, n. Frozen water or other fluid; standard of perfection, beauty, etc. a. Existing in —
concreted sugar water or cream;
idea or thought; intellectual;" mental; proposed for
ilavored and frozen.— v. t. [iced imitation, realization, or obedience; existingin imag-
(1st), ICING.] To cover with, or con- ination only; unreal; teaching the doctrine of ideal-
vert into, ice; to cover with con- ism.— Ide^'alism, -izm, n. The system or theory that
creted sugar; to frost; to cool, as makes everything to consist in ideas doctrine that ;

with ice; to freeze. I'cing, n.— A we have no rational grounds to believe in the real-
covering of concreted sugar; frost- ity of anything but ideas and their relations. Ide''- —
ing. —
Ice^berg, w. A
hill or moun-
—
aiist, 71.
one who
One who holds the doctrine of idealism
idealizes, or forms picturesque fancies or ro-
;

tain of ice floating on the ocean. Ibis.

Ice'blink, ?i. A
bright appearance near the horizon, mantic expectations. IdeaKity, -l-tX, n. lively — A
occasioned bj' the reflection of light from ice, and imagination, united to a love of the beautiful. See
visible before the ice itself is seen. cream, n. Phrenology. Ide^alize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] — —
Cream or milk, sweetened, flavored, and congealed To make ideal, give an ideal form or value to.
by a freezing mixture. floe, ». large sheet of A V. i. To form ideas.
floating ice. house, n. repository for preserving Idem, i'deni. The same as above,
A abbreviated id. —
ice during warm weather. plant, n. species of A
[L.] Iden'^tical, -tik-al, a. — The same the very ;

mesembryanthemum, sprinkled with watery vesi- same not different expressing sameness or the ;

cles, which glitter like ice.— Iceland'ic, n. The lan- same truth. Iden'^ticaUy, adv.
;

—
Iden'^tify, -tl-fl, —
guage of the inhabitants of Iceland: it is of Scandi- V. t. [-FIED (-lid), -FYING.] To make to be the same,
navian origin, and more nearly allied -to the old unite or combine, treat as having the same use or
Norse than any other language now spoken. Ice''- effect —
to determine or establish the identitj' of,
;

—
land-moBS, n. A
kind of nutritious lichen, found in prove to be the same. v. i. To become the same,
—
arctic regions and on hi»h mountains.— I''cicle, -sY- coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. Iden'-
kl, n. A
pendent conical mass of ice. tifica'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Iden'^tity, -tt-tt, n. State
Xclineumon, ik-nu'^mon, «. A
carnivorous animal of or quality of being identical; sameness; condition of
Egypt, resembling a being the same with something described or asserted,
weasel, very destruc- or of possessing a character claimed.
tive to the eggs of Ides, idz, n.pl. (Anc. Rom. Calendar.) The 15th day
the crocodile, and of of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th of
poultry a hymenop- other months.
;

terous insect whose Idiom, id^'I-um, n. mode of expression peculiar to a A

larves are parasitic in Ichneumon. language or dialect genius or peculiar cast of a lan-
other insects; ichneumon fly. guage; peculiar form of language. Id'iomat'ic, -o-
;

—
Ichnograph, ik^no-graf, Ichnog'raphy, -ra-fT, n. mat'ik, -ical, rt. PecuUar to a language; conformed
(.Drawing.) A
horizontal section of a building or to the mode of expression of a language. Idioc'- —
other object; a ground-plan. rasy, -ok''ra-sT, I'dios5m''crasy, -sin-'kra-sl, n. Pe-
Ichthyology, ik-tht-oKo-jT, w. Science of the struc- culiarity of constitution or temperament; individ-
ual characteristic or susceptibility.— Id'^iot, -t-ut, n.
Orig., a person in private life, also an unlearned,
ignorant, or foolish person now, a person destitute ;

from birth of the ordinarj' intellectual powers a

simpleton. —
Id'iocy, -o-st, Id'iotcy, n. Absence of
;

the mental faculties, natural to man, from congen-

ital imperfection in the size, form, or quality of the
Ichthyosaurus. brain. Idiot''ic, -ical, a. —
Pert, to, or like an idiot
foolish, sottish. Id-'iotism, -izm, n. An idiom. —
ture, habits, classification, etc., of fishes. —
Ich'thy- Idle, i'dl, a. [idler, idlest.] Of no account use- ;

osaur', -o-sawr', -sau'ms, -saw'rus, n. (Paleon.) An less; vain unprofitable not called into active service
; ;

extinct carnivorous reptile, lizard-Uke, and with inactive; doing nothing averse to labor or employ- ;

vertebras like those of fishes. ment; indolent; lazy. v. t. [idled (-did), idling.] —
siln, cQbe, full ; moon, fd5t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboif, chair, get.
 IDOL 188 IMAGE
To spend in idleness, waste, consume. I'^dleness, -It, adv. In an ill or evil manner; not well. [Some*
n. Inaction; sluggishness; sioth. times used, improperly, for ill.]
Idol, i'dul, n. An iiiia^e or representation of any- Ulaudable, il-lawd'a-blj'a. Not laudable; worthy of
thing; image of a divinity, made as an object of wor- censure or dispraise. Ille''gal, a. Not legal; con-
ship; that on which the "affections are strongly, ex- trary to law; unlawful; illicit. Illegal ''ity, -T-tl. n. —
cessively, and improperly set: deceitful image; phan- Quality or condition of being illegal. Ille''galize, —
tom.— I'dolize, V. t. [-IZED (-izd), -iziXG.] To make r. t. To render unlawful. Ille''gally, adv. — nieg'- —
an idol of, pay idolatrous worship Jo love or rev- to; ible, -lej''I-bl, a. Incapable of being read; not leg-
erence to excess or adoration. I'doliz'er, ?i. Idol- — — ible or readable. —
nieg-'ibly, adv. Illeg''ibil''ity, n. —
ater, -doKa-ter, «. A worshiper of idols; a pagan; an — Illegit'imate, -jifl-mat, a. Not regular or au-
adorer; great admirer. —
Idolatress, n. A female thorized; unlawful; unlawfully begotten; born out
worshiper of idols. —
IdoKatrous, -trus, a. Pert, to, of wedlock; illogical; not authorized by good usage.
or of the nature of, consisting in, or partakin"- of, — V. t. To render illegitimate. Elegit 'ima''tion, n. —
etc.— IdoKatry, -trl, n. Worsliip of idols, or anything Act of illegitimating; state of being illegitimate: il-
which is not God; excessive veneration for anything. legitimacy. —
Ulegifimacyj-sl. ?i. State of bastardv;
Tdoneous, i-do'ne-us, a. Suitable; fit; proper. state of being not genuine. Illib''eral, a. Not li"b-
Idyl, i'dil or id'^il, 7i. A
short pastoral poem; also a eral; not free, generous, or noble; niggardh'; mean;
narrative poem, in an elevated and finished style. base; narrow-minded; indicating a lack of breeding,
If, if, coyij. In case that; granting, allowing, or sup- culture, etc. —
lilib'eral'ity, n. Qualitv of beinar il-
posing that; whether. liberal. —Illib''erally, adv. —
niic'it, -lis''it, a. Not
Igneous, ig''ne-us, a. Pert, to, consisting of, contain- permitted or allowed; prohibited: unlawful. II-
ing, or like fire. (Geol.) Resulting from the action liin''itable, a. Incapable of being limited or bound-
of tire.— Ignite'', -nif, v. t. To kindle, set on fire. ed unlimited immeasurable infinite
limitless
— — Ulit'erate, a. ; ;
; : ;

V. i. To take tire, begin to burn. Igni^'tor, -ter, n. vast. Ignorant of letters or books;
One who, or that which, etc. esp. the contrivance for ; untaught; unlearned; unlettered. niit'erateness,
inflaming powder in a torpedo, etc. Ignifible, a. -eracy, -sT, n. State of being illiterate; ignorance; a
Capable of being ignited. Igiu'tion, -nish''un, — 71. literarv blunder. Illog''ical, -loj''ik-ai, a. Imorant
Act of, or state of being, etc. — Ig^'nis-fat'uus, -u-us, or negligent of, or contrary to, the rules of logic or
n. ; jjI. Ig'xes-fat'ui, -nez-fat'u-i. A flitting light sound reasoning.
that appears, at night, over marshj' grounds, etc., Illness. See under III.
supposed to be occasioned by decomposition of ani- Blade, il-lud^, v. t. To play upon by artifice, deceive,
mal or vegetable substances, or by inflammable gas; mock. niu'sion, -zhun, 71. An unreal image pre-
wiU-o'-the-wisp. sented to the bodily or mental vision delusion ; ;

Zgnoble, ig-no^'bl, a. Of low birth or family; not no- mockery chimera fallacy hallucination a lace
ble or illustrious; mean; worthless; not honorable,
; ;

fabric used for ladies' dresses, bridal veils, etc. II-

; ;

—
elevated, or generous; base; degenerate; degraded; lu''sionist, ?i. One given to illusion; a juggler. D- —
disgraceful; infamous. Ignc'bly, -bll, adv. —Ig^- — lu''sive, -siv, a. Deceiving by false show; deceitful.
nominy, -min'1, 71. Public disgrace or dishonor; an — Illu''sory, -so-rT, a. Deceiving by false appear-
act deserving disgrace opprobrium ; reproach ances; fallacious.
;

«hame; contempt; infamy. Ignomin''ious, -T-us, a. — ;

niume, il-lum' [-llthed (-liimd''), -lcjiixg], IUu'-

Marked with, or deserving, etc.; infamous; despica- minate, lllu''mine, -min, v. To enlishten, supoly
— Ignomin'iously, adv. — Ignore'',
t.
ble. -nor'', v. t. with light ; to light up
(a building, etc^) in token of
r-xoEED (-nord'), -xoRixG.] To be ignorant of. rejoicing or in honor of some person, party, or event
(Law.) To throw out (a bill) as false or ungrounded. to adorn (a book or page) with colored illustrations;
To refuse to take notice of; to leave out of account to explain, elucidate. lllu''mina''tion, n. Act of, or
or consideration. —
Ignora''inus, ?i. ; pi. -muses, -ez. state of being, etc. ; festive decoration of buildings
An ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge. with lights; adornment of books with colored illus-
— Ig''norance, -rans, n. Condition of being ignorant; trations; thing illuminated, as a house, book, or
want of knowledge. — Ig''norant. a. Destitute of manuscript; that which illuminates or gives light;
"knowledge uninstructed or uninformed
; unac- ; brightness; splendor. —
lUu'mina'tive, a. Tending
<iuainted; unaware; displaving, or resulting from, to illuminate or illustrate; illustrative.
ignorance; illiterate. Ig'^norantly, adv. Ig''no- — Illusion. Illusive, et^. See under Illude.
rantism, -izm, ?i. PoKcy of keeping the masses in a Illustrate, il-lus''trat, v. t. To make clear or bright;
state of ignorance obscurantism. ; Ig''norantist, n. — to set in a clear light, exhibit distinctly; to explain;
One who, etc. to exemplify, esp7 by means of figures, comparisons,
Iguana, t-gwa''na, n. An edible lizard of tropical examples, etc.; to ornament and elucidate with pic-
Amer. tures or figures. —
niustra''tion, ?!. Act of illustra-
Hex, i^'leks, A
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
71. ting; explanation; elucidation; state of being illus-
including holly. —Hic'ic, t-lis''ik, a. Pert, to the trated: that which illustrates, esp., a picture, etc.
holly, —
said of an acid contained in its leaves. — Illus''trative. -tiv, a. Tending to illustrate; explain-
n^icin, -cine, -sin, 71. The bitter principle of, etc. in°:.' —
Illus''trious, -trT-us, a. Possessing luster,
Jleum, il'e-um, 71. The lower part of the small intes- brightness, or brilliancy; characterized by greatness,
tine. —
n^'lum, -T-um, ?i. One of the flattened upper nobleness, etc.; conferring luster or honor; brilliant;
side bones of the pelvis, forming part of the hip distinguished; famous; renowned; eminent; glori-
joint; flank bone: haunch bone. Il''iac, -I-ak, Hi''- — ous.
acal, a. Pert, to the ileum or the ilium. niy. See under III.
Hiad, iKl-ad, 71. A Greek epic poem, composed by Image, im''ej, 71. A
similitude of any person or thing,
Homer, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. sculptured, drawn, or otherwise niade perceptible to
Hk, ilk, a. The same; also: each: every. [In Scot- the sight; statue; picture; likeness; effigy; an idol;
tisli usage, the phrase of that ilk denotes that one's semblance appearance; representation of anything
;

surname and the title of his estate are the same ; as. to the mind. (Bhet.) A
word-picture; illustration;
Grant of that ilk, i. e., Gra7it of Grant; in Eug. and description; metaphor. (Opt.) The figure of any ob-
the U. S., it is ignorantly used to signifj' 0/ that ject formed by rays of light upon the retina of the
sanie kind; as, others of that ilk.} eye, or upon a, mirror or screen, or at the focus of
m, il, a. [Comp. and superl. wanting, their places a lens.— r. t. [imaged (-ejd), -agixg.] To form
being supplied by ivo/se and icorst, q. v.] Bad; evil; an image of to represent to the mental vision.
—
;

contrary to good in a physical sense opposed to ; Im''agery, -ej-r1,«n. Images in general, or in

advantage, happiness, etc. contrary to good, in a ; mass unreal show work of the imagination or
; :

moral sense sick; unwell; not accordant with rule,

; fanc}'; false ideas: rhetorical decoration; figures in
fitness, or propriety ; cross ; surly : pee\'ish. — n. discourse. —
Iniag''ine, -aj''in, v. t. [-lxed (-ind),
Evil of any kind; misfortune; disease: pain; wick- -ixixG.] To form in the mind a notion or idea of;
edness; depravity; iniquity. —acZi-. With pain or to contrive in purpose; to represent to "one's self; to
diflBculty: not easily: not rightly or perfectly; not fancy, suppose, plan, frame. v. i. To form con- —
well. —
Ill''neBS, n. Disease; indisposition; maladv; ceptions, think, suppose. —
Iinag''inary, -rT, a. Ex-
sickness; wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Il''ly, — isting only in imagination or fancy ideal chimer- ; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tOne, 6r
 —;

IMAM 189 IMPENETRABLENESS

ical ; visionary ; unreal. — Imag^ina'tion, n. Power unbounded; very great; huge; infinite; immeasur-
by which the mind forms ideas or mental images ; able; prodigious; monstrous. Immen'sity, -sI-tY, n. —
power reproduce an object of sense pre-
to create or Unlimited extension; infinity; vastness in extent or
viously perceived, or to recall a mental or spiritual bulk; greatness. —
Immen'BUrable, a. Not to be
starte before experienced power to recombme ma-
; measured; immeasurable.
terials furnished by experience or direct apprehen- — Immis'clble, im-mis'sY-bl, a. Not capable of be-
sion; fancy; power to recreate with readiness, under ing mixed. —Immis''cibil''ity, n. Immit'igable, a. —
the stimufus of feeling, for an elevated end or pur- Not capable of being mitigated or appeased.
pose; invention. —
Imag^ina'tive, -tiv, a. Proceed- — Immob'lle, im-mob'il, a. Incapable of being
ing from, and characterized by, the imagination ; moved; fixed; stable. —Inmiobil''ity, ?i. Condition,
given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc. or quality of being, etc. Immod'erate, -er-at, c. —
Imam, 'I-mam'% I'' man, i''man, Imaum', I-mawm'', n. Not moderate; not confined to suitable limits; ex-
A. priestamong Mohammedans a Mohammedan ; cessive exorbitant unreasonable extravagant.
; ; ;
—
prince who has supreme spiritual and temporal pow- Immod'est, o. Not limited to due bounds: immod-
er. erate; wanting in the reserve or restraint which de-
Imbankment. Same as Embaxkment. corum and decency require; indecorous; shameless;
Imbecile, ira''be-sil or -seV, a. Destitute of strength, impudent; indecent; unchaste; lewd; obscene. —
either of body or of mind; decrepit; weak; feeble; Immor'al, -mor'al, a. Not moral; inconsistent with
impotent.— n. One who is, etc.— Im'tecil'lty, -I-tl, rectitude; contrary to conscience or the divine law;
n. Quality of being imbecile. vicious; unjust; impure; unchaste; profligate; aban-
Imbed, im-bed', v. t. To sink or lay, as in partially doned;'*lewd; obscene. Immoral'ity, -mo-raKl-tr,. —
inclosing clay, mortar, etc. n. Quality of being immoral vice; an immoral act ;

Imbezzle. Same as Embezzle. or practice. —

Immor'tal, -m6r'tal, a. Not mortal;
Imbibe, im-btb', v. t. [-bibed (-bibd''), -bibixg.] To exempt from liability to die; connected with, or ter-
drink in, absorb; to receive into the mind and re- minating in, immortality; destined to live in all ages
tain. —Imbibi''tioii, -bish'^un, n. Act of imbibing. of this world; eternal; never-ending; ceaseless; en-
Imbitter, im-bit'ter, v. t. [-teeed (-terd), -teeing.] during; imperishable; deathless. Iimnortal''ity, ?i. —
To make bitter, make unhappy or grievous; to make Quality of being immortal; unending existence; ex-
more distressing, render violent, exasperate. emption from oblivion. Immor'talize, -Tz, v. t. —
Imbody, Imbolden, ImboBom, etc. See Embody, Em- To render immortal; to exempt from oblivion, per-
BOLDEX, etc. petuate. —
Immor'taUy, adv. Im'mortelles', -tel', —
Imbow, im-bo'', v. t. To make like a bow; to arch, n.pl. {Bot.) A name of several genera of unfading-
vault. flowers; everlasting, q. v. Wreaths composed of
Imbricate, im^'brT-kat, -cated, a. Bent and hollowed them, —
placed upon coffins, monuments, etc. Im- —
like a roof or gutter-tile; lying over moveable, -moov'a-bl, a. Incapable of being moved
each other in regular order, like shin- firmly fixed; steadfast; not to be induced to change;,
gles on a roof. incapable of being altered or shaken; unalterable;
Imbroglio, im-broKyo, n. An intricate not easily affected or moved; unimpressible; hard-
plot; a complicated and embarrassing hearted. {Law.) Permanent in place or tenure
state of things. fixed. —
w. That which cannot be moved. pL (Civil
;

Imbrown, im-brown'', v. t. [-browxed Law.) Lands, and things adherent thereto, by na- —
(-brownd''), -browxixg.] To make ture, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and
Drown, darken the color of, tan. _ their accessorie's by their destination, as seeds,,
;

Imbrue, im-broo', r. t. [-brued (-brood'), plants, manure, etc.; and by the objects to whicn.
-BRuiXG.] To soak; to drench in a fluid, they are applied, as servitudes.
as in blood. — Immune, im-nmn', a. Exempt protected by ;

Imbrute, im-broot', v.t. To degrade to — Immu'nize, v. t. To make immune.

inoculation.
the state of a brute, make brutal. — v. Immu'nity, im-mu-'nt-tl, n. Exemption from any
i. To sink to the state of a brute. charge, duty, office, tax or imposition ; a particu-
Imbue, im-bu', v. t. [-bued (-bud''), -bu- lar nrivilege freedom state of being not suscei)ti-
—
; ;

iXG.j To tinge deeply, dye; to cause to ble to poison, disease, etc. Immu' table, a. Not
become impressed or penetrated. mutable ; unchangeable ; invariable ; unalterable.
Imitate, im'I-tat, v. t. To follow as a — Impal'pable, im-pal'pa-bl, a. Not palpable ; not
pattern, model, or example; to copy; to to be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be per-
produce a likeness of, in l:orm, color, Imbricate ceived by touch not easily apprehended by the-
;

qualities, conduct, manners, etc. to Scales. ; mind. — Impar'ity, -pftr'I-tl, n. Inequality; dispro-
counterfeit; to produce by imitation. portion difference of degree, rank, number, etc. j
— Im'ltable, a. Capable or worthy of being, etc. — ;

indivisibility into equal parts. Impar'tial, -par'- —

Im'itabil'ity, -tT, n. —
Imita'tion, n. Act of imita- shal, a. Not partial unprejudiced; disinterested;
;

ting; thing made or produced as a copy; likeness; re- equitable; just. —

Impar'tial'ity, -sht-al'- or -shaK-
semblance. See Phrexology.— Im'ltative, -tiv, a. t-tT, w. Freedom from bias; disinterestedness; equi-
Inclined to imitate; imitating; exhibiting an imita- tableness. —
Impar'tially. -shal-lt, a'/i. Imparf- —
tion of a pattern or model; formed after a model, ible, -part't-bl, a. Not partible indivisible. Im- —
—
;

pattern, or original. Im^itator, -ter, n. part'ibil'ity, n. Quality of being impartible; indi-

Immaculate, im-mak''u-lat, a. Spotless; without blem- visibility.— Impass'able, -pas'a-bl, a. Incapable of
ish; unstained; undefiled; pure; limpid. Immate'- — being passed; impervious; impenetrable; jiatnless.
rial, -rt-al, a. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; Impas'sibil'ity, n. Quality or condition of being im-
spiritual; ofno essential consequence; unimportant. passible. —
Impaa'sible, -pas'st-bl, a. Incapable of
— Immature', -tured'',-ttird'', a. Not mature or ripe; suffering or passion, pain or sympathy unfeeling % ;

not arrived at perfection or completion; crude; too without sensation.— Impas'si-ve, -pas'siv, a. Not sus-
early; premature. —
Immature'ly, adv. Immature'- — ceptible of pain or suftering; insensible; impassible.
ness, -tu'rity, -rt-tl, n. Condition or quality of be- — linpas'sivenesB, n. Impa'tience, -shens, n. —
ing immature. Quality of being impatient restlessness want of ; ;

— Immeas'urable, im-mezh^er-a-bl. a. Incapable patience; -^olence of temper; passion. — Impa'-

of being measured illimitable. — Immeas'urably, tient, fl. Nrc patient not bearing witli composure ;
;

adv. — Imme'diate, -dX-at, a. Not separated by any-

;

intolerant hasty. — Impa'tiently, a<h-.

;

thing intervening proximate close not deferred — Impec'cable, im-pek'ka-bl, a. Not liable to sin
;

by an interval of time; present; producing its effect

; ;

exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. Im- — ;:

by direct agency; acting directly. Imme'dlately, — pec'cancy, -kan-sT, -cabil''ity, -tY, n.

—
Quality o±
adv. In an immediate maftner; without intervention being, etc. Impecun'ious, -kun'T-us, a. Not hav-
of anything without delay
; directly instantly;
; ;
—
ing money poor. ;
—
Impecu'nios'ity, n. Want of
quickly presentlj^.—Immemo''rial, -rt-al, a. Beyond
;
money. "impen'etrable, -e-tra-bl, a. Incapable of
memory, record, or tradition out of mind. (Eng. being penetrated or pierced; inaccessible (to knowl..
Law.) Previous to the reign of Kichard I.
;

Imme- — edge, reason, sympathy, etc.). Impen'et^ableness^ —

mo^rially, adv. —
Immense'', -mens', a. Unlimited; -trabil'ity, n. Quality of being impenetrable. {Phys~

stin, cube, full ; moon, fdSt ; cow, oil ; ligger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 IMPENITENT 190 IMMINENT
ics.) That property of matter by which it excludes being impossible; an impossible thing. Im'^potent, —
all other matter from the space it occupies. Obtuse- a. Not potent wanting power, strength, or vigor,
;

ness stupidity want of sympathy or susceptibil- whether physical, intellectual, or moral. (Law.)
ity coldness.
;
;

—
;

Impen^itent, a. Not penitent not ; Wanting the power of procreation. — n. One who
repenting of sin not c:)ntrite; obdurate. n. One is, etc. ^Im''potence, -tency, -ten-sl, n. Condition
who does not repent a hardened sinner. Imper-
;

;
— of being, etc. (Law Sc Physiol.) Want of procrea-
ceiv'able, -per-sev'a-bl, -cep'tible, -sep'tl-bl, a. tive power.
Not perceptible insensible impalpable not easily; ; ;
— Imprac'ticable, im-prak'tt-ka-bl, a. Not prac-
apprehended very small fine very slow in prog- ; ;
ticable; incapable of being accomplished by means
ress. 71. — ;

That which cannot be perceived on ac- at command not easily managed

; untractable ; ;

count of its sraallness.— Impercep'tibleness, -tibil'- not to be overcome or persuaded by any reasonable
ity, n. Quality of being, etc. Impercep'tibly, adv. — method not capable of being easily dealt with in-
; :

— Imper'fect, a. Not perfect or complete in all its capable of being passed or traveled
—
impossible ;

— ;

parts; wanting in some part; unfinished; not equal infeasible. Imprac'ticableness, -ticabiKity, n.
to the standard- not fulfilling its design; esthetically Imprac'ticably, adv. Imprecis''ion, -sizh'un, n. —
or morally defective; marked by, or subject to, de- Want of precision or exactness. Impreg'nable, a. —
fects or evil.— /mpez/cci to?se. (Gram.) tense ex- A Not to be stormed or taken by assault not to be ;

pressiiisr uncomplete! action or state, esp. in past shaken; invincible. — rmprescrip''tible, -skrip''tT-bl,
time.— ImperfeC'tioa, -fek'shun, ?i. Quality or con- a. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect
dition of beina; imperfect; want of perfection; de- to use, or by the claims of another founded on pre-
feet; deficiencv; fault; failing; frailty; foible; blem- scription not derived from, or dependent on, ex-
;

ish; vice.— Imper'fectly, ct'h'.— Imper^forate, -per'- ternal authority, r- Improb''able, a. Not probable ;

——
l'o-rat,n. or pierced; having no open-
Not perforated unlikely to be true. Lcaprob''ably, adv. In an im-
ing. —
Imper'ishable, -p^r'ish-a-bl, a. Is ot perish- probable manner. Improb'abiKity, n. Quality of
—
able; indestructible. —Imper'meable, -per'nie-a-bl, being improbable; uiiLikeUhood. Improp''er, a.
a. Not permeable not permitting passage, as of a Not proper; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or
fluid, through its substance impervious. —Imper'-
;

;
end; unfit; indecent. Improper fraction. (Arith.)" —
sonal, a. Not personal not representing a person ; ;
A fraction whose denominator is less than its nu-
not
A
having individuality. Impersonal verb. (Gram.)
verb without the inflections appropriate to the 1st
merator, as, A. — Improp'srly, adv. In an improper
and 2d persons one without a definite subject, as, manner; not unsuitably; incongruouslj-; inac-
fitly;
it rains. — ;

Imper'sonaKity, n. Condition or quality curately. —

Im'propri'ety, -pri''e-tl, n. Unfitness or
of being impersonal. Imperspic'uous, -per-spik'u- — unsuitableness to character, time, place, or circum-
us, a. Not perspicuous obscure vague. Imper'- — stances; that which is improper; an unsuitable act,
spicu^ity. n. Want
;

of perspicuity.
;

— Im'persua''- expression, etc. —

Improvident, a. Not provident;
sible, -swa''zt-bl, a. Not to be moved by persuasion; wanting forecast; inconsiderate; negligent; heed-
not yielding to arguments.— Imper'^tinence, -nency, less. ^Improvise'', -viz'', v. t. [-vised (-vizd'), -vis-
-nen-sY, n. Condition or quality of being imperti- IXG.] To speak extemporaneously, esp. in verse; to
nent; irrelevance; unbecoming conduct rudeness; ; bring about on a sudden, off-hand, or without pre-
incivility; that which is impertinent; a thing out of vious preparation to do or make on the spur of the
place, or of no value, etc. Imper'tinent, a. Not — — ;

moment. v. i. To utter compositions without pre-

pertinent; having no bearing on the subject irrele- ; vious preparation to do anything off-hand. ; Im- —
vant inapplicable contrary to rules of propriety
; ; ; prov'visato''re, -ve''za-to''ra, n. One who composes
impudent; rude of no account trifling; frivolous. and sings or recites poems extemporaneouslv and
— ;

Iin'pertur''bable, -per-ter'ba-bl, a. Incapable of

;

immediately. [It.] —
Improv'visatri''ce, -ve-za-tre'-
being perturbed or agitated. Iin'pertur'babil''ity, — cha_^ n. A woman who, etc. [It.] — Impm'dence,
n. —
Imper'turba'tion, n. Freedom from agitation -proo'dens, n. Quality of being imprudent; want of
of mind; calmness; quietude. Iinper''vlable, -vl- — prudence; an imprudent act. Impru'dent, a. Not —
a-bl, -vious, -vl-us, a. Not pervious; not admitting prudent wanting prudence or discretion injudi-
; ;

of entrance or passage through; impassable; impene- cious; incautious; unadvised; rash. Impru'dently,
trable.
— Impi''ety, adv. —Im''pudence, n. Quality of being impudent;
im-pi'^e-tT, n. Quality of being impi- effrontery ; sauciness. [F.] — Im^'pudent, a. Bold,
ous irreverence toward the Supreme Being an
; ; with contempt or disregard of others unblushingly ;

impious act want of reverence, filial affection, or

; forward; wanting modesty; shameless; audacious;
obedience to parents; ungodliness; irreligion; sin- brazen; pert rude saucy impertinent insolent.
fulness profaneness. ;Im''pious, -pt-us, a. Not — — Impu-'nity, -nt-tt, n.
;

Exemption from punish-

; ; ;

pious profane pr?5ceeding from, or manifesting, a

; ; —
ment or penalty, or from injury or loss security.
want of reverence for the Supreme Being. — Impure'', -piir', a. Mixed with extraneous sub-
;

— Impla'cable, im-pla''ka-bl, a. Not placable; inca- stances; not pure; foul; defiled by sin or guilt; un-
pable of being pacified; unappeasable; inexorable; holy unhallowed unchaste lewd unclean ob-
relentless. —
linplau'sible, -plaw'zi-bl, a. Not plau-
; ;

scene. (Old Test.) Not purified according to the law

; ; ;

sible not wearing the appearance of truth.

; Im- — of Moses; ceremonially unclean. Impure'ness, Im- —
plumed', -plumd'', -plu'inous, -mus, a. Having no pu'rity, -rT-tT, n. Condition or quality of being,
plumes or feathers. or that which is impure. Imputres'cible, -sT-bl, a. —
— ImpoKicy, im-poKl-sT, n. Quality of being impol- Not putrescible; not subject to putrefaction or cor-
itic; inexpedience; bad policy. Impolite'', -lif, a. — ruption.
Not polite; not of polished manners; impolite; un- Immanent, im-'ma-nent, a. Remaining within in-
civil rude. ImpoKitic. -T-tik, a.
;
— Not politic ; herent; internal or subjective, — opp. to emanent, or ;

wanting in policy or prudent management indis- transitive.

creet inexpedient. ; Impon'derable, -der-a-bl, a. — ;

Immanity, im-man't-tt, n. Monstrosity; atrocity.

N<3t ponderable: without sensible weight. —Impon'- Immanuel. im-man-'u-el, n. God with us, an appel- —
derabil'ity, /;. Quality of being, etc. Impo'rous, — Irttinn of the Savior.
-t)0''rus, a. Destitute of pores; compact in texture; Immerse, im-mers', r. t. [-mersed (-mersf), -mees-
solid.— Imporos'ity, -ros'I-tr, n. Want of porositv; I.VG.] To plunge into anything that surrounds or
compactness that excludes pores. — Importune", covers, esp. into a fluid; to engage deeply, involve.
-tun', [-Ti-XED (-tund'), -tun-ixg.] To request
V. t. — Immer'sion, -shun, n. Act of, or state' of being,
with urgency; to press with solicitation, tease. Im- — etc.; state of being deeply engaged. (Astron.) Dis-
portu''nity,-nT-tT, n. Quality of being importunate; appearance of a celestial body, by passing behind an-
urgent request: pertinacious solicitation.— Imporf- other, or into its shadow.
unacy, -pdrfu-na-sT, n. Quality of being importu- Immesh, im-mesh'', v. t. [-meshed (-raeshf), -mesh-
nate. —
Import'unate, a. Troublesomely urgent ixG.] To entangle in the meshesof anet, onnaweb.
pertinacious in solicitation. Imporfunately, adv. — ;

Immigrate, im'niT-grat, v. i. To remo-\-e into a coun-

— Impos'sible, -pos''sT-bl, a. Not possible; incapa- try for permanent residence. Im'migrant, n. One —
.

ble of existence, or of being done, thought, endured, —

who, etc. Immigra'tion, n. Act of immigrating.
etc.; impractieable.— Impos'sibU'ity, w. Qualit3'^ of Imminent, im'mi-nent, a. Threatening immediately
am, fauie, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn. ice i Qdd, tone, or
 — — ; — —
;;

IMMOLATE 191 IMPOSE

to fall or occur; impending; near; at hand threat- Imperial, im-pe'rt-al, a. Pert, to an empire, or to an
eninjj evil dangerous.
:
—
Im'^miiience, -nens, n.
;

emperor belonging to supreme authority, or one ;

Quality or condition of being, etc.; that which is im- who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme; of superi-
minent ; impending evil or danger. or size or excellence. n. tuft of hair on a man's — A
Immolate, im'mo-lat, v. t. To sacrifice to kill, as a lower lip a large kind of drawing-paper, 21 by .30
;

—
;

sacrificial victim.— Immola'tion, n. Act of, or state inches. Imperialism, im-pe'rl-al-izm, n. Power
of being, etc. that which is immolated a sacrifice.
;
or character of an emperor ; imperial authority
; :

Immure, im-mur'', v. t. [-mured (-murd''), -muring.] spirit of empire the policy, practice, or advocacy ;

To inclose within walls, imprison, incarcerate. of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of
Imp, imp, n. A
graft; scion; a young or inferior devil; the control, dominion, or empire of a nation.
little demon; a mischievous child. —r. t. [imped Impe''rialist, n. subject or soldier of an emperor ; A
(impt); IMPING.J To graft to extend, enlarge, or ;
advocate of imperial government. Impe'rious, —
mend, as by inserting a feather into a broken wing -rt-us, a. Commanding ; authoritative ; haughty,
;

, to increase, strengthen, plume. arrog-ant.

Impact, im-pakf, v. t. To drive close, press firmly Imperil, im-per-'il, v. t. [-iled (-ild), -iling.] To bring
together. — Im'pact, ?i. Collision; force communi- into peril, endanger.
cated. iMech.) The single instantaneous blow or Impersonate, im-per'sun-at, v. t. To invest with per-
stroke of a body in motion against another either in sonality; to ascribe the qualities of a person to; i^er-
motion or at rest. sonify; to represent the person of personate. Im- ;
—
Impair, im-par', v. t. [-paired (-pard''), -pairing.] To per'sona'tion, Imperson'lfica'tion, n. Act of, etc.
make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excel- Impetus, im''pe-tus, n. The force with which any
lence, or strength: to injure, weaken, enfeeble. body isjiriven or impelled; momentum. Impefu- —
Impale, im-paK, v. t. [-paled (-paid'), -paling.] To ous, -pet'u-us, a. Rushing with force and violence;
fix on a stake; to put to death \>j fixing on a stake; vehement in feeling passionate. Impet'uously, —
—
;

to inclose, as with stakes, posts, or palisades. CHer.) adv. Impet'uousness, -uos'ity, -u-os'T-tl, n.
To join, as 2 coats of arms, pale-wise. Lnpale^ment, Impinge, im-pinj', v. i. [-pinged (-pinjd''), -pin-
n. Act of impaling; space inclosed ging.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon, nit.
by stakes or pales. (Her.) The Implant, im-planf, v. i. To set, plant, or infix, for
division of a shield pale-wise, or the purpose of growth to sow. Implanta''tion, n. ;
—
by a vertical line. Act of implanting, etc., in the mind or heart.
Impanel, im-pau'el, v. t. [-eled Implead, im-pled'^ v. t. {Law.) To institute and
(-eld;, -ELiNO.] To write or enter prosecute a suit against in court: to sue at law.
(the names of a jury) in a list; to Implement, im'ple-ment, n. Whatever may supply a
form (a list, etc.). want esp., an instrument, utensil, or tool. ;

Impart, iin-piirt', v. t. To bestow a Implicate, im^pH-kat, v. t. To infold, entangle; to con-

share or portion of to allow an- ; nect in man V relations to bring into connection with
other to partake in to make ; to show to be connected or concerned. Implica'-
;

—
known, show by words or tokens, tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; entanglement;
communicate, confer, give, reveal. Impalement. (Ser.) that which is implied, but not expressed; inference.
disclose, divulge. — c. i. To give a part or share. —
Implic'it, -plis'it, a. Fairly to be understood,
impassion, im-pash'un, v. t. [-passioned (-pash-'und), though not expressed in words; implied; trusting to
-SIGNING.] To move or affect strongly with passion. the word of another, without reserve unquestion- ;

— Impas''sioned, -pash^'und, p. a. Actuated or agi- ing. —

Imply"', -pli'^, V. t. [-PLIED (-plTd'), -plying.]
tatedjby passion; animated; excited. — Impas'^sioii- To contain by implication; to include virtually to
ate, -at, v. t. To affect powerfully. involve, import, mean, signify. ImpU'edly, -ed-lt, — ;

Impeach, im-pech', i'. t. [-peached (-pechf), -peach- adv. By implication.

ing.] To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; esp., Implore, im-plor'', v. t. [-PLORED(-plord''), -ploeing.}
to charge (an officer) before a competent tribunal, To call upon, or for, in supplication to pray earnest- ;

with misbehavior in office to bring discredit on,; ly; to beseech, crave, entreat, beg.
charge with impropriety, call in question, accuse, Import, im-porf, v. t. To bring lii from abroad; esp,
arraign, censure, indict. —
Impeach^'ment, n. Act to bring (merchandise) from another country, in
of, or state of being, impeached, as, a calling to — the transactions of commerce; to include, as signifi-
account, arraignment, esp., arraignment of a pub- cation or intention; to imply, signiiy, denote, mean;
lic officer for maladministration or a calling in ; to be of importance or consequence to, interest, con-
question as to purity of motives or rectitude of con- cern. — Im'^port, n. That which is imported, or
duct, etc. brought in from abroad; purport; meaning; intended
Impede, im-ped', i\ t. To hinder, obstruct.— Imped'- significance importance consequence. Impor'- ; ;
—
iment, -ped''t-ment, n. That which impedes or hin- tance, n. Quality of being important; consequence;
ders progress or motion obstruction obstacle; dif-
; moment significance. Impor'^tant, a. jBlaving ; —
—
;

ficulty. Impediment in speech. A defect which weight or consequence significant momentous ; ; ;

prevents distinct utterance. —

Imped''ltive, -T-tiv, a.. grave. —
Importa''tion, /(. Act or practice of import-
Causing hindrance; impeding. ing; goods introduced into a country from abroad.
Impel, im-peK, i\ t. [-PELLED(-peld''), -felling.] To Importer, n. One who imports go'ods. —
drive or urge forward; to incite to action, instigate, Impose, im-poz'', r. t. [-posed (-pozd''), -posing.] To
actuate, move. — Im'pulse, -puis, n. Act of im- lay on to set or place, put, dejinsit to lay as a ; ;

pelling impulsion action of a force so as to pro-

; ; charge, burden, tax, duty, oblig'^tion, command,
duce motion suddenly; effect of an impelling force; etc.; to levy; to pass off, palm. (Eccl.) To lay (the
sudden and unconsidered thought or mental pur- hands in confirmation or ordination). (Print.) To
pose exciting to action hasty inclination impres-
; prepare for printing or casting by arranging the
;

sion; instigation; sliock. —

Impal''sion, -shun,??. Act pages upon the stone, and securing them in the chase.
—
of impelling influence acting unexpectedly or Impos^ing, p. a. Adapted to" impress forciblj'
;

temporarily on the mind, from without or within; impressive commanding. Impos''ing-stone, n. —

—
;

impulse. Impul^'sive, -siv, a. Having power of (Print.) A stone on whicli the jiiges or columns of
driving or impelling; actuated by impulse. {Mech.) type are imposed or made into forms. Imposi'tion, —
Acting momentarily, or by impulse. -zish'un, n. Act of imposing, laying on, affixing,
Impend, im-pend'', v. i. To hang over, he suspended enjoining, inflicting, obtrudina:, etc.: thing imposed;
above, be imminent; approach menacinsly. Im- charge; Burden; injunction; levy: tax: a trick or de-
pend'^ence, -ency, -en-sT, n. State of impending ception put on others. (PrrJ. Act of laying on the >

near approach; menacing attitude. — Impend'ent, a. hands as a religious ceremony, in ordination and
Impending; imminent; threatening; pressing close- the like. Impos'tor, -p(1s''ter^ ». One who imposes
ly. — Impend^ing, p. a. Hanging over impend- upon others, esp. one who fraudulently assumes a
;

ent. character or title not his own deceiver ;" cheat pre-
—
: ;

Imperative, im-per''a-tiv, a. Expressive of command: tender. Imposfure, -pSs'chur, w. Act or conduct

commanding authoritative ; not to be avoided or of an impostor deception p'-ncticed under a false
;
;

evaded obligatory binding. ; character fraud trick imposition delusion. ;

;

; ; ;
—
fllin, cube, full ; moon, fdSt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bONboN, chair, get.
 IMPOSTHUME 192 INABILITY
Im'pOBt, -post, n. A
tax, tribute, or duty; often a mend, correct, rectify. — v. i. To grow better; to make
duty laid by government on goods im- or show improvement; to grow^orse; to increase, be
ported into ii country; tribute; toll; ex- enhanced, rise. —
Improve'^ment, n. Act of improv-
cise; custom. {Arch.) That part of a ing, or state of being improved progress toward ;

pillar, pier, entablature, wall, or abut- what is better; act of making profitable use of any-
ment upon which an arch or superstruc- thing, or state of being profitably employed prac- ;

ture rests. tical application, as of the doctrines and principles

Tmposthume, im-pCst'hum, n. collec- A of a discourse; that which improves anything, or is
tion of pus or purulent matter in any added to it by way of improving it.
part of an animal body; an abscess. Impugn, im-pun'', v.t. [-pugxed (-pund''), -pugning.]
Impostor, Imposture, etc. See under Im- To attack by words or arguments, contradict, call in
pose. question. —
Impugn'^able, -pun^'a- or -pug''na-bl, a.
Impound, im-pownd', v. t. To confine in Capable of being, etc. Imp«gn''er, n. —
a pound or close pen, restrain within Impulse, Impxilsion, etc. See under Impel.
limits. Impunity, Impure, etc. See under Immaculate.
Impoverish, ini-pov'er-ish, v. t. [-ished Impurple, im-per-'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -fling.] To
(-isht), -ISHING.] To make poor, reduce color or tinge with purple, make red or reddish.
to poverty to exhaust the
; strength, „ y^^^^t Impute, im-puf, v. t. To charge, ascribe, attribute
'^' -i^mpost.
richness, or fertility of. to charge to one as the author, responsible Origina-
Imprecate, im'pre-kat, v. t. To call down by prayer, tor, or possessor of. {Theol.) To set to one's account
as something hurtful or calamitous; to invoke, as as the ground of approval or condemnation. Im- —
evil. —
Impreca'tion, ?i. Act of imprecating, or in- puta^'tion. n. Act of imputing or charging; thing
voking evil on any one; curse; anathema. Im'pre- — imputed or charged; charge of evil; censure; re-
catory, -to-rT, a. iMaledictory. proach intimation. {Theol.) Attribution of per-*
;

Impregnate, im-preg''nat, v. t. To make pregnant, sonal guilt or personal righteousness on account of

get with young; to render fruitful or fertile, fertil- the offense or the atonement of another. Imput- —
ize; to infuse particles of another substance into. a. — ative, -tiv, a. Coming by imputation; imputed.
Rendered prolific or fruitful; impregnated. Im- — In, in, prep. Within
—
mside of; surrounded ;by; not
pregna'tion, ?i. Act ol impregnating; fecundation; outside of. adv. Not out; within; inside; into.
state of being impregnated intimate mixture of
; {Law.) With privilege or possession. n. person — A
par_ts or particles; infusion; saturation. — Impregn'', —
who is in office, opp. of out; a reentrant angle a ;

-pren'', v. t. To impregnate. —
nook or corner. In''ner, a., compar. Further in;
Impress, im-pres', [-pressed (-presf), -peess-
v. t. interior; internal; not obvious; obscure; pert, to the
IXG.] To press, or stamp, in or upon; to make a spirit or its phenomena. In'^nermost, In'most, a. —
mark or figure upon; to produce by pressure; to in- superl. Furthest inward; most remote from the out-
culcate, imprint; to take by force for public service. ward part. — In'ly,a. Internal; interior; secret.
-II,
— Im''press, n. A
mark made by pressure ; in- — adv. Internally secretly. In''to, -too, prej^. To
; —
dentation; imprint; stamp; mold; mark of distinc- the inside of; within. —
In''ward, a. Placed within;
tion; impression or influence wrought on the mind; interior; seated in the mind or soul. n. That which,
act of impressing for the public service. Impres''- — etc.; esp., pZ., the inner parts of the body; the vis-
sion, -presh''un, Ji. Act of impressing or stamping; cera.— In" ward, -wards, adv. Toward the inside,
that produced by pressure, —
as, a stamp made by center, or interior; into the mind or thoughts.
pressure, mark; or, sensible result of an influence In'^wardly, adv. In or toward the inner parts or
€xerted from without or, influence on the pur-
; heart; internally; secretly; privately. In-and-in, a. —
poses, feelings, or actions; or, effect or influence on {Breeding.) From animals of the same parentage.
the organs of sense, which is the condition of sen- In'asmucli'', adv. Seeing that; considering that
sation or sensible perception hence, an indistinct ; since, —followed by as. In'somuch', adv. So; to —
—
;

notion, remembrance, or belief; or, a copy taken by such a degree; in such wise. Inn^ing, n. Ingath-
pressure from type, an engraved plate, etc., also, all ering of grain; in games of ball, the turn for using
the copies taken at once an edition that which ; ; the bat; J57. lands recovered from the sea.
impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agencj'. In-, in, inseparable pref., with negative force: it be-
{Paint.) The ground-color a stratum of a single comes I- before gn, il- before Z, im- before and p), m
color laid upon a wall or surface.
;

Impres'sion- — and ir- before r. Many of the words formed by it

able, a. Susceptible of impression; capable of being are self-explanatory: those which have been insert-
molded; susceptive. —
Impress'^ive, -iv, a. Making, ed in this vocabulary arc grouped under Ignoble,
or tending to make, an impression adapted to ; Illaudable, Immaculate, Inability, and Ieea-
arouse the attention or touch the feelings capable ; TIONAL.
of being impressed; susceptible; impressible. Inability, in-a-bU't-tl', n.' Quality or state of being
Impresario, im-pre-sa''re-o, n. The manager of an unable lack of ability incapacity weakness.
—
; ; ;

opera, etc. In^access'^ible, -ak-ses'"I-bl, a. Not accessible ;

Imprimis, im-pri''mis, adv. In the first place; first in not to be reached, obtained, or approached. Inae- —
order. cess'ibly, adv. —
Inaccess''iblene6S, -lbil''ity, n. —
Imprint, im''print, n. "Whatever is printed on the Inac'curate, -rat, displaying a
a. Not accurate ;

title-page of a book; esp. the name of the printer or want of careful attention; erroneous. Inac'curate- —
publisher, with time and place of publication. Im- — ly, adv. —
Inac'curacy, -sT, n. State of being in-
print', V. t. To impress to mark by pressure to accurate; want of exactness; mistake; fault; error;
;

stamp; to stamp or mark, as letters on paper, b3'

;

blunder. —
Inac'tion, n. Want of action; idleness;
- means of types; to fix indelibly, as on the memory. rest. — Inacfive, -iv, a. Not active having no ;

— Im'prima'tur, n. A license, to print a book, etc. power to move; not disposed to action or effort; not
Imprison, im-priz'^n, v. t. [-oxed (-nd), -oxixo.] To busy; idle; dull; indolent; slothful; lazy. {Chem.)
put into a prison, confine in a prison or jail; to limit, Not producing results. Inad'equate, -e-kwat, a. —
hinder, or restrain; to incarcerate, iinmure. Im- — Not adequate; unequal to the purpose insufficient ;

pris'onment, h. Act of, or state of being, etc.; re- to effect the object; incommensurate; disproportion-
straint of libertj'; custody; durance. ate ; incompetent incapable. — Inad'equateness
;

Impromptu, im-promp''tu, a(h\ or a. Off-hand; with- -equacy, -e-kwa-sT, n. Quality or state of being
out previous study; extempore. w. An off-hand or — inadequate inequality ;
incompleteness. — Inad- ;

extemporaneous composition. vert'ent, a. Not turning the mind to a matter;

Impropriate, im-pro'^irl-at, i\ t. Orig., to appropriate careless. — Inadvert'entlv, adv. — Inadvertence,
to private use. {Eng. Eccl. Law.) To place the -ency, -en-sT, n. State of Deing, etc. lack of heed- ;

profits of, for care and disbursement, in the hands fulness or attentiveness; an oversight, mistake, or
of a layman; to appropriate to private use or put in fault, proceeding from negligence carelessness ; ;

possession of a_layman. _ thoughtlessness. —

InaKienable, -aKyen-a-bl, a. In-
.Improve, im-proov'*', r. t. [-peoved (-proovd''), -peov- capable of being alienated, or transferred to another.
ING.] To make better; to increase the value or good — Inane'', -an'', a. Destitute of contents empty; ;

—
qualities of; to use to good purpose; to advance. purposeless; void of sense or intelligence. Ina-

am, fame, fiir, pass or opera, fSre ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, Or
 —— — — — —

INANITY 193 INCONVENIENCE

ni''tion, -nish^un, n. Condition of being inane; To give inconvenience to, give trouble to, disturb,
emptiness; exhaustion from want of food. Inan''- — molest, disquiet. —
Inconuno''dious, -mo'dl-us, a.
ity, -an'I-tt, n. Inanition; void space; emptiness; Not commodious tending to incommode; not af-
deficiency of contents senselessness frivolity. ; ;
— fording ease or advantage giving trouble.
;

In- ;
—
Inan'imate, -T-mat, a. Not animate destitute of commat''able, -mut'a-bl, a. Not commutable not
—
; ;

life or spirit; lifeless; inert: inacti^^; dull; soulless; capable of being exchanged with another. In-
spiritless. —
Inappra'priate, -prl-at, a. Not proper com^parable, -pa-ra-bl, a. Not comparable; admit-
or appropriate unbecoming unsuitable, as in ting of no comparison with others; peerless; match-
manners, moral conduct, etc.
;

Inapt'^itade, -apt''-
;

less transcendent.
; Incompatible, -paft-bl, a. —
I-tud, n. Want of aptitude; unfitness; unsuitable- Not compatible incapable of co-existence irrec-
; ;

ness. —
Inar''able, -ar'a-bl, a. Not arable n_ot ; oncilably opposed inconsistent incongruous dis- ; : ;

capable of being plowed.— Inarticulate, -tik'n-lat, similar ;' discordant repugnant; contradictory. ;

«. Not articulate: .not distinct, or with distinction Incom''petent, -pe-tent, a. Not competent; wanting
of sjilables. (Zool.) Not jointed or articulated. in adequate strength, power, capacity', means, quali-
Inaf'tifi'cial, -fish'al, a. Not artificial not made ; fications, etc.; wanting the legal or constitutional
or performed by the rules of art; characterized by qualifications not lyiiig within one's competency,
;

artlessness or simplicity. Inatten'tion, n. Want — capacity, or authorized power; unfit inadmissible.

— :

of attention or consideration: inadvertence heed- ; Ineom'petence, -tency, -ten-sl, n. Quality of be-

lessness neglect. Inatten'tive, -tiv, «. Not at-
; — ing, etc. {Law.) Want of competencj' or legal fitness
tentive; not fixing the mind on an object; careless; to be heard or admitted as a witness,' or to sit or act
heedless; negligent; remiss. Inaud''ible, -awd'I-bl, — as a jur^i-. —
Incomplete'', -plef, a. Not complete;
a. Not audible; incapable of being heard; making unfinished; imperfect; defective. (Bat.) Lacking
no sound noiseless; silent. ; Inauspi'cious, -aws- calyx or corolla, or both. Incom''prehen''sible, —
pish''us, a. Not avispicious; ill-omened; unlucky; -hen''s1-bl, a. Not comprehensible; incapable of be-
evil. ing comprehended or understood; inconceivable.
— IncaKculable, in-kaKku-la^bl, a. Not capable of Inconceiv'able, -seVa-bl, a. Not conceivable in- ;

being calculated beyond calculation very great. capable of being conceived by the mind incom-
— ; ; ;

Inca'pable, a. Not capable not having ade- ;

prehensible.— Inconclu''sive, -klu'^siv, «. iSTot con-
quate power or capacity, mental, physical, or spa- clusive; not settiiii"- a point in debate, or a doubtful
tial ;not in a moral condition in which it would question. —
Incon'^ruent, -kon'groo-ent, a. Not
be possible (to do an immoral or dishonorable act); congruent; unsuitable inconsistent. IncongrU''- ; —
not in a state to suffer or receive; not admitting. ity, -kon-groo''l-tl, ?i. Want of congruity; unsuit-
{Imw.) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense. ableness of one thing to another; inconsistency.
— Inca-'pably, adv. Inca'pablKity, n. Quality — Incon'^gruotis, -kon'^groo-us, a. Not congruous to
of being incapable incapacity want of power. a standard or end; not reciprocally agreeing; incon-
(Lmv.) Want of legal qualifications. Incapac'ity,
; ;

— sistent inappropriate; unfit; improper.

; Incon''- —
-pas'I-tT, n. Want of capacity; defect of intellectual sequent, -se-kwent, a. Not following from the-
power; inability^ incompetency; unfitness; disqual- premises; invalid; illogical; inconsistent. Incon'- —
ification. (Law.') Want of legal ability or competen- sequen''tial, -kwen-'shal, a. Not regularly following
cy. —
Incapac'itate, v. t. To deprive of capacity from the premises not of consequence of little
or natural power to disable, deprive of competent —
moment. Incon^'sequence, -kwens, n. Quality of
; ;

power or ability. (Lavj.) To deprive of legal or con-

;

being inconsequent; mconclusiveness. Inconsid''- —

stitutional requisites; to disqualify. Incapac'ita''- — erable, a. Unworthy of consideration; unimportant;
tion, n. Want of capacity; disqualification.— Incau''- trivjal. —
Inconsid'erableness, n. Inconsid'erate, —
tious, -kaw'shus, «. Not cautious; not circumspect; -er-at, a. Not considerate; not attending to the cir-
unwary; indiscreet; imprudent; impolitic; thought- cumstances which regard safety or propriety; pro-
less improvident. Incer'titude, -ser'^tl-tud, n. — ceeding from heedlessness rash negligent im- ;

—
; : ;

Uncertainty doubtfulness doubt. ; Inces''sant, ; provident; incautious; injudicious rash hasty. ; ;

-ses'sant, a. Continuing or following without inter- Inconsist''ent, a. Not consistent at variance, esp. ;

ruption; unceasing; uninterrupted; continual; con- as 'regards character, sentiment, or action not ex-
stant perpetual.
; In'cest, -sest, —
The crime of /;.. hibiting conformity of sentiment,, steadiness to-
;

cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons principle, etc. incompatible incongruous irrec-
; ; ;

related within the degrees wherein marriage is pro- oncilable repugnant; contradictorj".
; Inconsisf-
hibited. —
IncesfuoUBt-u-us, a. Guilty of incest; in- ence, -ency, -en-sT, 7i. Quality of "being, etc.; ab-
volving the crime of incest. Incivil''ity, -sT-viKT- surdity in argument or narration unsteadiness ;
tl, 71. Quality of being uncivil; want of courtesy; changeabieness. —
Incon''sonance, -sonancy, -so-nan-
;

iinmannerliness; impoliteness; any act of rudeness st, n. Want of consonance or harmony of action
or ill breeding. —
Inciy'lsm, -siv'izm, n. AVant of or thought. (3fiis.) Disagreement of sounds; dis-
civism want of patriotism or love to one's country.
; cord. —
InconspiC'uous, -spik''u-us, a. Not con-
Inclem'ent, -klem''ent, a. Not clement; void of ten- spicuous hardly discernible.
; Incon'^stant, a. —
derness; unmerciful severe; harsh; physically se- Not constant subject to change of opinion, incli-
vere; stormy; boisterous; rigorously cold, etc. In-
;

— ;

nation, or purpo.se; changeable: variable; mutable;

clem''ency, -en-sT, n. Condition or quality of being, fickle volatile
;
—
unstable. Incon''stancy, -stan-
;

etc.; physical harshness; storminess; severe cold. sT, w. Quality of being, etc.: want of uniformity;
Incog'', -kog', adv. In concealment; in disguise; in dissimilitude. — Inconsum'able, -sum''a-bl, a. Not
a manner not to be known. [Contr. fr. incognito.'] — consumable. — Inconsum'^mate, -sunT'mat, a. Not
Incog''itative, cogitative
-koj''I-ta-tiv, a. Not consummate; not finished; not complete. — Incon-
wanting power of thought. Incog''nito, -nl-to, a. — ;

testable, a. Not contestable; too clear to be con-,

or adv. Unknown in disguise in an assumed troverted: indisputable irrefragable undeniable: :
;

—
; ;

character, and under an assumed name. n. One unquestionable; indubitable. Incontig'^uous, -tig'' —
unknown or in a disguise, or under an assumed u-us, n. Not contiguous; separate. Incon''tinen'i, —
character; assumption of a feigned character; state -tT-nent, a. Not continent; not restraining the pfs-
of being in di_sguise or assumed character. Inco- — sions or appetites, particularly the sexual "appetite ;
lier^ent, -ko-her''ent, a. Not coherent; wanting co- unchaste lewd. Qled.) XTna"l)le to restrain natufal
—
;

hesion loose unconnected wanting agreement; ; evacuations. n. One who is unchaste. Inc<'n''-
—
; ;

incongruous; inconsistent. Incombus''tible, -tT-bl, tinently, adv. Without due restraint of the 'iias-
a. Not combustible; not capable of being burned, sions or appetites unchastely immediately ; at ;

decomposed, or c^onsumed by fire. Incommen''- — once suddenly.

;
— ;

Incon''tine'nce, -nency, -nf.n-sY,

snrable, -men'shoo-ra-bl, a. Not commensurable ; n. Quality of "being, etc. Incon'tr overt ''ible, a. —
having no common measure or standard of com- Not controvertible: too clear or certain to admit of
parison. —
Incommen'surabiKity, n. Quality or dispute indisputable. Incon''tro'vert''ibly, <idv. — —
—
;

state of being, etc. Incomiaen''surate, a. Not Incon'\ren''ient, -ven''yent, a. Not convenie'it; not
commensurate not admitting of a common meas-; becoming or suitable unfit inexpedient giving- ; ; ;

ure; not of equal measure or extent; unequal in- trouble or uneasiness disadvantageous inoppor-
adequate ; insuflftcient. — Incommode'', -mod',
;

r. t. tune. —
Inconven''ience, -iency, -yen-st, j' "\\\i\t
; ;

siin, cube, full; moon, f <3t)t ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
13
 mCONVENIENOE 194 INDISPOSE
of convenience; that which eives trouble or uneasi- of mind ; indecorous ; unseemly ; coarse ; broad r
ness incommodiousness disciuiet disturbance
; ; ; ; gross indecent.
;
—
IndeKicacy, -I-ka-sT, n. Want
annoyance trouble.— Inconven'ience, v. t. To
; of delicacy coarseness of manners or language.
;

bring to inconvenience to occasion inconvenience Indem''ni^, -nl-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyi>-g.] To

—
;

to; to incommode. Inconvertible, -vert''!- bl, a. save harmless, secure against future loss or dam-
Not convertible; not capable of being changed into age to make up for that which is past to reim-
something else. —
Incorpo'real, -po're-al, a. Not
;

burse. —
Indem'nifi.ca''tion, n. Act of indemnifying;
:

corporeal; not consisting of matter; immaterial; un- reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; that
substantial; bodiless; spiritual. (Law.) Not having which indemnifies. Indem'nity, -nt-tl, n. Secu-—
a visible existence; intangible, as, an equity of re- rity to save harmless; exemption from loss or dam-
demption is an incorporeal hereditament. Incorpo''- — age compensation or remuneration for loss, dam-
—
reaUy, adv. Incor'pore'ity, n. Quality of being
;

age, or injury sustained. Indemon''strable, -mon''- —

incorporeal; immateriality. Incor''porat6, -i-at, a. — stra-bl, a. Incapable of being demonstrated; not
Incorporeal not corporate. ; Incorrect'', a. Not — susceptible of proof.— Independ''ent, a. Not depend-
correct not according to a copy or model, or to
; ent not subject to the control of others
; affording ;

established rules; not in accordance with the truth; a comfortable livelihood not subject to influence ; ;

not accordant with the rule of duty or of morality; self-directing expressing or indicating the feeling
inaccurate erroneous wrong faulty.
; Incor''-
; ;
— ;

of independence free easy; bold; separate from;

; ;

rigible, -rl-jl-bl, a. Not corrigible incapable of exclusive. (Eccl.) Belonging or pert, to the Inde-
being corrected or amended irreclaimable. In-
;

— pendents. n. —
(Eccl.) One who believes that
cor'ngibleness, -gibil'ity, n. Incor^rigibly, adv. — ;

an organized Christian church is complete in itself,

— Incorrupt', a. Not affected with corruption or and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. —
decay; not defiled or depraved; pure; untainted. Independ''ence, -ens, -ency, -en-sT, n. State or qual-
Incorrupfible, a. Incapable of corruption, decay, ity oi ijein";, etc.; exemption from reliance on others,
or dissolution; inflexibly just and upright. Incor- — or control by them. —
Indescrib''able, -skrib-'a-bl, a.
rup'tion, -rup''sliun, ;;. Absence of, or exemption Incapable of being described. Indesert'', -zert'',_n. —
from, corruption. —
Incorrupt'ive, -rupt''iv, a. Not Want of merit or worth.^Indeter''minate, -mt-nat,
liable to corruption. —
In''creat6, -kre-at, In'^crea'- a. Not determinate uncertain not precise. In- —
ted, a. Uncreated. —
Incred'^ible, a. Not credible deter'mina''tion, ?i. Want of determination; an un-
; ;

impossible to be believed not to be credited. In- — settled or wavering state, as of the mind; want of
—
;

cred'ibleness, -ibil'ity, ?i. Incred'^ibly, adv. In a — fixed or stated direction. Indifferent, -f er-ent, a.
manner to preclude belief. — Incred'ulous, -u-lus, a. Not making a difference; having no influence or pre-
Not credulous; indispo-sed to believe; skeptical. ponderating weight; of no account; neither particu-
Incred'^ulousness, Incredu'lity, n. Quality of be- larly good, nor very bad passable not inclined to ; ;

ing incredulous indisposition to believe

; skepti- ; one side, party, or thing more than to another neu- ;

cism; unbelief; disbelief .— Incur'' able, -kur''a-bl, a. tral impartial unbiased disinterested feeling no
Not curable; incapable of being cured; not admit-
; ;

interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything.

; ;

—
ting remedy or correction; irremediable; irrecover- Indifference, -ens, n. Quality of being indifferent,
able irretrievable. — /i. A person diseased beyond
; or not making or measuring a difference passsable- ;

the reach of cure a sick person who cannot be ness ; mediocrity impartialitj' freedom from bias;
cured. —
Incur'' ableness, -abil''ity, n.
;

Incur'ably, — ;

state of the mind when it feels no interest in what

;

adv. So as to be incurable. Incu''rioU3, -ku'^rl-us, — is presented to it carelessness unconcern apa-

;

a. Not curious or inquisitive; destitute of curiosity; thy insensibility.

; —
Indif ferency, -en-sT, n. Ab-
; ;

uninquisitive. sence of interest in, or influence from, anything;

— Inde''cent,in-de-'sent, a. Not decent; unlit to equilibrium indilferentism.
; Irdif fer'entisih, —
be seen or heard; indelicate; immodest; gross^; -izm, n. State of indifference. Iadigest''ed, -dT- —
unchaste; obscene; filthy. Inde''cently, adv. In — — jest''ed, a. Not digested undigested crude not ; ; ;

a manner to offend delicacy. Inde''cence, -cen- regularly disposed andarranarcd. (J-/e</.)Not brought
cy, -sen-sT, n. Want of decency lack of modes- ; to suppuration. —
Indigesfible, a. Not digestible;
ty; that which is indecent; an indecent word, act, not easily converted into cbvme; not to be received
etc.; indecorum; impurity; obscenity.— IndeciS''ion, or patiently endured. Indig^es'tion, -jes''chun, n. —
-sizh-'uh, n. Want
wavering of mind;
of decision Want of due digestion a failure of the jr'astric
— ; ;

irresolution. Indeci''sive, -si^'siv, a. Not decisive; juices to produce necessarj' changes in food in the
not bringing to a final close prone to indecision; alimentary canal dyspepsia ; difficult or painful
;

wavering; vacillating; hesitating. Indeclin''able,

;

— digestion. —
Indig''nant, a. Affected with indig-
-klin''a-bl, a. (Gram.) Not declinable; not va- nation feeling wrath and scorn or contempt.
; In- —
ried by terminations. Indeclin''ably, adv. With- — digna''tion, n. Strong disapprobation of what is
out variation of termination. Indecorous, -de-ko''- — flagitious in character or conduct anger mingled ;

rus or -dek''o-rus, rt. Not decorous; violating good with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence wrath; re-
—
;

manners unbecoming unseemly rude coarse sentment rage. Indig^nity, -nT-tT, n. Unmerited
;

uncivil. —Indecorously, -de-ko''- or -dek-'o-, adv.

; ; ;

— ; ;

contemptuous treatment contumely injury ac-

Indecorousness, n. Violation of propriety. Inde- — companied with insult. Indirect', -dT-rekt', a. —
; ;

co''rum, n. Want of decorum impropriety of be- ; Not direct not straight or rectilinear circuitous ;
; ;

havior; a breach of decorum.— Indefat''igable, -fat''- roundabout; not tending to an aim, purpose, or re-
T-sra-bl, rt. Incapable of being fatigued; unwearied; sult by the most plain and direct method or course;
persevering; assiduous. —
Indefea''Bible, -f e''z1-bl, a. by remote means not straightforward or upright ;

Not to be defeated; incapable of being made void.— unfair; dishonest. —

Indirec'tion, n. Oblique course
Indefea'sibiKity, n. —
Indefectible, a. Not liable to or means : dishonest practices; indirectness. In- —
do+ect, failure, ordecay. Indefect'ibil''ity, n. In- — — di8C6rn''ible, -diz-zern'l-bl, a. Incapable of being
defect''ive, -iv, a. Not defective; perfect; complete. discerned; not discoverable. Indiscerp ' tible, —
— Iad6fen''sible, a. Not defensible; not capable of -serp''tT-bl, a. Not diseerptible incapable of being
being maintained, vindicated, or justified.— Inde- destroyed bj^ dissolution or [separation of parts.
;

—
fen''sive, -siv, a. Having no defense. — Indefln''- Indiscreet', -kret'', a. Not discreet ;jWanting in dis-
able, -fin-'a-bl, n. Incapable of being defined. In- — creticm; imprudent; injudicious; rasn; hasty; heed,
def''inite, -def''T-nit, a. Not definite; not limited, less. —Indi8cre''tion, -kresh'un, n. Want of discre
precise, or certain; having no determined or certain tion; imprudence; an indiscreet act; indiscreet behav-
limits. (Bot.) More than 12, esp. when the number ior. —
Indiscrete', -kret', a. Not_discrete or separa-
is not constant, —
said of the parts of a flower, ted. —
Indiscrim'inate, -krim'Y-nat, a. Wanting dis-
etc. —
Indehis'cent, -de-his''sent, a. (Bot.) Not crimination not making any distinction.
; Indis- —
opening sjwntaneonsly at maturity.— Indelib''erate, pen'sable, a. Not dispensable impossible to be ;

-de-lib''er-at, a. Done without deliberation sud- omitted or spared absolutely necessary not ad-
—
; ; ;

den unpremeditated. Indexible, -deKl-bl, a. mitting dispensation not providing for release or
;

Not to be blotted out: inc'ionble of being effaced, exemption. —

Indispose', -poz', v. t. [-posed
;

lost, or forgotten. —
ladeKicate, -deKl-kat. a. Not (-pozd'), -POSiNn.] To render unfit or unsuited,
delicate offensive to good manners, or to purity
; disqualify; to disqualify for the exercise of proper

Sm, fame, fiir, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; (3dd, tone, 5r
 — — ;; —
;;;
;

INDISPOSEDNESS 195 INFANTINE

functions to make somewhat ill
; to disincline, ; :
— Inefft'^eient, -fish'ent, a. not pro- Not efficient :

render averse or unfavorable to make unfavorable ducing the effect inefficacious

habitually slack
or disinclined, with toward. —
Indispos''ediie8B, n.
;

— ;

\ or remiss effecting nothing.

;
;

IneKegant. a. Not — ;

Condition or quality of being, etc.; slight aversion; elegant wanting in anything which correct taste
—
;

—
i

indisposition. Indi8posi''tion, -zish^un, n. Con- i

requires. Inel'egance, -gancy, -gan-sl, n. Quality
dition of wanting adaptation or affiuit3' slight dis- ; of being, etc. —Ineligible, -l-jT-bl. a. Not eligible;
order of the healthy functions of the bod}'; want of not proper to be elected to an office undesirable.
—
;

fitness in feeling; disinclination; aversion. Indis''- — Inel'lgibil'lty, ?;. — Inept', a. Not apt or fit
patable, -pu-ta-bl, a. Not disputable too evident ; unfit: unsuitablej improper; silly; nonsensical.
to admit of dispute incontestable imquestion- Inepfitude, -I-ttid, n. Qualitj' of being inept
able; incontrovertible; certain; positive. Indis'pu-
; ;

— unfitness; foolishness; nonsense. Inequal '' ity, —

tableness, k. —
Indis-'putably, ac/r. Indis'soluble. — -kwoKT-tl, n. Qualit}' of being unequal: lack of uni-
-so-lu-bl, a. Not capable of being dissolved, melted, formity; diversity; unevenness; want of levelness;^
or liquefied perpetually binding or obli^iatorv. disproportion to any office or purpose inadequacy-
;

Indis ' solubleness, -lubil'lty, n. Indistinct'', — {Alg.) The expression of 2 unequal quantities, with,
;

-tinkt'', a. Not distinct or distinguishable obscure ;

|

1 the sign of inequality between them, as, 3 > 2. {As- —

to the mind confused not presenting clear and
; ; tron.) An irregularity or deviation in the motion of
well-defined images or perceptions; imperfect; faint; a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion.
undefined: indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain. — Ineq''viitable,-ek''wT-ta-bl,o. Not equitable; not
— Indistinc'tion, n. Want of distinction or distin- just. — Inerf, -ert'', a. Destitute of the power of
guishableness; confusion indiscrimination: equal- moving itself, or of active resistance to motion im-
ity of rank or condition. Indistinctly, adv. Not —
;
'

pressed; indisposed to move or act: dull powerless

clearly confusedly obscurelj'.
; Indlstin'^guisba-
;
— for an e^ect or influence ; inactive sluggish. In- ;
;

—
ble, -tin''gwish-a-bl, a. Not distinguishable unable er'tia, -er'^sht-a, n. (Physics.) That property of mat-
to be distinguished. —
Individ'^ual, -vid'u-al, a. Not
;

ter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and.

divided, or not to be divided single one of, or ; ; ; when inmotion to continue in motion. Indisposition
pert, to, one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, to move; inactivity; sluggishness. Ines'^timable. -t1- —
a single person or thing distinctive. n. single A ma-bl, a. Incapahle of being estimated or computed
person, animal, or thing of any kind esp. a hu-
;

above all price incalculable invaluable. Inev''- ; —

man being a person. ; Individ '"'uaJisin, -izm, n. — ; ;

itable, -Ma-bl, a. Not evitable incapable of being ;

Quality of being individual individuality excess- ; avoided ; unavoidable not to be withstood or re-
;

—
;

ive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest sisted. Inexacf, -egz-akf, a. Not exact; not pre-
selfishness. {Social Science.') Doctrine that the in- cisely correct or true. —
Inexcus^'able, -eks-kuz''a-bl,
—
terests of society are best promoted by each indi- a. iS^ot admitting excuse or justification. Inex-
vidual's seeking his own personal welfare, opp. — haustible, -egz-awst''I-bl, a. Incapable of being
to socialism and commiousm. Individ'uaKity, -u- — exhausted or emptied unfailing. Inexisfent,
;
—
aKT-tT, n. Condition or quality of being individual; -egz-isfent, n. Not having being not existing ;

distinct nature or existence character or property ; existing in something else inherent. Inex''ora- ;
— ;

peculiar to an individual distinctive character. ble, -eks'o-ra-bl, a. Not to be persuaded or moved

—
:

See Pheexology. Individ'ual'iza''tion, n. Act of by entreaty or prayer; unyielding; unchangeable.

individualizing state of being individualized.
;
— — Inex'orahil''ity, n. —
Inexpe'dient, -eks-pe'dl-
Individ'nalize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To select ent, a. Not expedient not tending to a good end;

or mark as an individual to particularize. In- ;

— or to promote a purpose or cause unfit improper. ; ;

divid^ually, adv. In an individual manner or re- — Inezpe'rience, -eks-pe^'rT-ens, n. Absence or want

Not
lation separately inseparablv; incommunicably. of experience. —Inexpe''rienced, -rT-enst, a.
—
: ;

Individ 'uate, -u-at, v. t. I'o distinguish from having experience unskilled. ; Inexperf, -eks- —
others of the species to discriminate; to cause to perf, a. Not expert without knowledge or dex-
;

exist as an individual whole. Individ^ua'tion, n.

;

— terity derived from practice. Inex^'piable, -eks'- —

Act of making single, or the same, to the exclusion pl-a-bl, a. Admitting of no atonement or satisfac-
of others act" of endowing with individuality act tion ; incapable of being appeased by atonement
;

of separating into individuals bj' analysis. Indi- —

;

implacable. —
Inex^'plicable, -eks'^pH-ka-bl, a. Not
vis'lble, -viz''T-bl, a. Not divisible; not separable explainable incapaole of being explained, inter-
into parts. (Math.) Not capable of exact division; preted, or accounted
;

for. —
Inexplic'it, •eks-plis''it,
incommensurable. n. —
That which is indivisible. a. Not explicit; not clearly stated. Inexpress.''i- —
(Geom.) One of the elements or principles, sup- ble, -eks-pres'sl-bl, a. Not capable of expression ;
posed to be infinitely small, into which a body or not to be uttered ; unspeakable ineffable untold. ;

—
;

figure may be resolved an infinitesimal. Indbc'- — Inexpress'lve, -iv, a. Not expressing or intend-
ible, -dos''T-bl, a. Incapable of being taught, or not
;

ing to express; meaningless ; inexpressible. Inex- —

easily instructed intractable. Indoc'ile, -dos'^il,
;
— pug^nable, -eks-pug''na- or -pun-'a-bl, a. Incapable
—
a. Not teachable not easily instructed ;dull in- ; of Deing subdued oy force impregnable. Inex- ;

tractable. —
Indocil'ity, n. Dullness of intellect
;

tinct'', -eks-tinkf, a. Not quenched not extinct. ;

intractableness. —
In'dolence, -lency, -do-len-sT, n. — Inextin^'guishable, -tin'gwish-a-bl, a. Not capable
Habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness.
— In''dolent, a. Indulging in ease avoiding labor ;
g extir-
and exertion habitually idle; lazy; listless slug- ot capa-
gish. — Indolent tumor. (Med.)
;

tumor causing A
;

ble of being extricated.

little or no pain. —
Indom'itable, -dom'T-ta-bl, a. — InfaKlime, in-faKlT-bl, a. Not fallible entirely ;

Not to be subdued ; untamable invincible. In- — exempt from liability to mistake ; not liable to fail,
dn''bitable, -bT-ta-bl, a. Not dubitable ; too plain
;

or to deceive confidence; certain. In'famy, -fa-mT, —

to admit of doubt unquestionable evident in- ; ; ; n. Total loss of reputation public disgrace extreme ; ;

contestable. baseness or vileness. (Laiv.) That loss of character

— Ined'ited, in-ed''it-ed,a. Not edited; unpublished. which a convict incurs, and by which a person is at
— Ineffable, a. Incapable of being expressed in common law rendered incompetent as a witness.
—
words unspeakable unutterable.
; InefEace^'able, ; — In'famous, -mus, a. Of ill report having a ;

-fas'a-bl, n. Incapable of being effaced. Ineffect''- — reputation of the worst kind held in abhorrence ;
scandalous disgraceful base ; igno-
;

ive, -fekt'W^a. Not effective; incapable of produ- detestable ; ; ;

cing any effect, or the effect intended; useless; vain; minious. (Law.) Branded with infamy by convic-
fruitless weak. — InefEect'^ual, -u-al, a. Not produ- tion of a crime. —
In^'fant, n. young babe; some- A
;

cing the proper effect: inefficient; weak. — Inef'flca''- times, a child several years of age. (Law.) per- A
cioos, -fl-ka''shus, a. Not efficacious not having son not of full age; a minor, —a. Pert, to infancy ;
power to produce the effect desired, or the proper
;

intended for young children. In'fancy, -sK, n. —

effect. —
Ineffica'ciousness, Inef'ficacy, -ka-sT, n. State of being an infant ; early part of life begm- ;

Inefficiency; ineffectualness. InefB.'^cieney, -fish'- — ning or early period. (Law.) State or condition of
—
en-sl, n. State or quality of being inefficient; want one under age ; nonage minority. In''fantile, -til
;

of power or exertion of power to produce the effect. or -tTl, In'fantine, -tin or -ttn, a. Pert, to, or char-

siin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 INFANTA 196 INSCIENT
acteristic of, infants or young ehildren. — Infan'^ta, pitiless; merciless; savage ; barbarous. Inhiunan''- —
-til, lu Spain and Portugal, any princess of the
n. ity, w. State of being inhuman.
roj-ai blood,except the eldest daughter when heiress —Inim'ical, in-ini'l-kal, a. Having the disposition
apparent. —
Infan'te, -ta, n. Any son of the king, or temper of an enemy unfriendly opposed in
— —
; ;

except the eldest, or heir apparent. Infant'icide, tendency, influence, repugnant.

or'effects; Inim''-
-T-sid, n. {Law.) The killing of a newly-born child. itable, -t-ta-bl, a. Not capable of being imitated or
Child-murder; a slayer of infants.— In'^fantry, -f ant- copied.— Iniq^uity, -ik''wt-tt, n. Absence of, or de-
rT, n. (Mil.) Foot-soldiers, disting. fr. cavalry. — A'iation from, equator just dealing; wantof rectitude
Infea'sible, -fe'zt-bl, a. Not capable of Ibeing done an act of injustice or unrighteousness wickedness
or accomplished impracticable. Infec^und, a. — sin; crime; a character in the old Eng. moralities,
; ;

Unfruitful not producing j'oung barren.

;
;

In- ; — or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one

felic'itous, -!is''5:-tus,-«. Xot felicitous unhappy; ; vice and sometimes of another. Iniq''uitous, -wt- —
unfortun-ite. Infelic'lty, -1-tI,— 7i. Unhappiness, tus, a. Characterized by iniquity wicked nefari- ; ;

auisery misfortune unfortunate state; unfavor- ous criminal.

;

—
; ;

ableness. Infer'tile, -fer''til, a. Not fertile im- —

lDjudi''cious, in-ju-dish''us, a. iSTot judicious; void
productive barren. Infertil''ity, n. In''fidel,— — ;

of judgment; indiscreet; unwise: rash; hasty; im-

— In'jure, -jur,
:

-f i-del, a. Unbelieving; disbelieving the inspiration prudent. v. t. [-juhed (-jurd), -jue-

of the Scriptures, or tne divine institution of Chris- IXG.] To do harm to, hurt, damage; to wound, as the
tianity. n. —
One without faith, or unfaithful; a person: to impair soundness, as of health; to damage
disbeliever in Christianity unbeliever esp. a free- ; ;
or lessen the value of, as goods or estates to slan- ;

thinker, atheist, or skeptic; formerly, one not of the der, or impair, as reputation or character to dimin-
faith, —
said by persons of any religion of those not ish, as happiness; to give pain to, as the sensibilities
;

of the same belief, as bj' Clifistians of Mohamme- or the feelings to impair, as the intellect or mind.
dans, and vice versa. Infidel 'ity, n. Want of faith — — ;

Inju'rious, -ju'rt-us, a. Not just; wrongful; hurt-

or belief; skepticism; disbelief of the divine origin ful or prejudicial to the rights of another tending ;

of Christianity unfaithfulness to the marriage con-

; to injure; pernicious; baneful; contumelious; hurt-
tract; breach of trust; treachery; deceit. Ia''fiiiite, — ing reputation. —
In'jury, -ju-rt, m. That which in-
-fT-nit, a. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; jures, brings harm, or occasions loss or diminution
without limit in power, capacity, intensity, or moral of good; mischief; detriment; damage. Iiyus''tice, —
excellence; perfect; indefinitely large or extensive; -tis, n. Want of justice and equity ; violation of
immeasurable illimitable unbounded. (JIath.) the rights of an individual wrong. ;
;

Greater than any assignable quantity of the same

;

— In'nocent, in''no-sent, a. Not harmful; free from

kind. (J/(ts.) Capable of endless repetition. n. In- — guilt not tainted with sin; lawful; permitted; not
;

iinite space or extent; the Almighty. (JIuth.) An in- contraband; harmless; inoffensive; pure; blameless;
finite quantitj' or magnitude. An luflnity an incal- faultless; upright. —
n. One free from guilt or harm;
culable or veVy great number. Ia'fimt6s''imal, a. — ;

an ignorant person; hence, an idiot; dolt; simpleton.

Infinitely small; less than any assignable quantity. — In'nocence, -sens, n. State of being innocent; in-
n. {Math.') An infinitely small quantity, or one less nocuousness; state of being not chargeable with guilt
than any assignable quantity. lafin'ltive, -T-tiv, a. — or sin; purity of heart; ignorance; imbecility. In'- —
Unlimited ; not bounded oV restricted. Infinitive — nocency, -sen-st, n. Same as Ix^'OCE^'CE, tint anti-
mode. (Gram.) That mode of the verb which ex- —
quated. In'nocently, adv. Innoc''uous,-nok''u-us, —
presses the action of the verb without limitation of a. Harmless; safe; ])roducing no ill effect: innocent.
person or number as, to love : infinitive is often
; — Innoz'^ious, -nok-'shus, a. Free from miscMevous
used as a noun to denote this mode.—lofin'ttude, -I- qualities; harmless in effects innocent guiltless. ; ;

tud, 71. Quality of being in tinite infiniteness in- ; ; Innu'merable, -mer-a-bl, a. Not capable of being
finite extent; immensity: boundless number: count- numbered, for multitude very numerous count-
less multitude. Infia'ity, -T-tt, n. — Unlimited ex- less numberless unnumbered. Innutri^tion,
;

— :

—
; ;

tent of time, space, or. quantity boundlessness un- ; ; -trish-'un, n. Want of nutrition. Innutri'tious,
limited capacity, energy, or excellence; endless or -trtsh''us, a. Not nutritious, or nourishing; innutri-
indefinite nuinijer immense multitude. (Math.) ; tive. —
Innu'tritive, -trt-tiv, a. Not nourishing.
The state of a quantitj' when greater than any as-
— — Inobserv''ant,in-ob-zerv''ant,a. Not taking notice;
signable quantity of the same kind. loflrm'', heedless. —
Inobserv'anee, -ans, n. Want of observ-
-ferm'', a. Not firm or sound; weak; weak of mind; ance negligence. —
Ino'dorous, -o''der-us, a. Want-
irresolute not solid or stable
: sickly feeble im- ; ; ;
;

ing scent having no smell. Inoffen'sive, -siv, a. —

—
;

becile. Infirm 'ary, -a-rT, n. hospital, or place A Giving no offense, provocation, or disturbance; harm-
where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed. — less; doing no injury or mischief. Inoffi^cial. -fish'- —
Tntirnr^ity, -t-tt, n. State of being infirm an im- ; al, a. Not official; not done in the usual forms or by
perfection or weakness; esp., a disease, malady; fail-
— the proper officer. —
Inoffi''cious, -fish''us, a. Not
ing foible debility imbecility ; imperfection.
; ; ; civil or attentive. (Law.) Regardless of natural
Inflex''ible, -fleks'^t-bl, a. Not capable of being obligation contrary to natural duty.
; Inop'era- —
bent firm firm in purpose ; not to be changed
; ; ; tive, -er-a-tiv, a. Not operative producing no ef- ;

incapable of change; unbending; unyielding; rigid;

— fect. — Inop'portune'', -por-tiin'', a. Not opportune;
inexorable stubborn ;unrelenting. Infor''mal, ; unseasonable in time. —
Inor'^dinate, -8r''dl-nat, a.
-f^r'nial, a. Not in the regular, usual, or estab- Not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds;
lished form; irregular: not according to official or
prescribed rules or forms; not binding; without cer-
irregular; disorderly; excessive: immoderate. Inor- —
fan''ic, -ical, a. Not organic; without organs; not
emony.— Infran'gible, -jt-bl, a. Not capable of be- eing, or derived from, an organized structure un- ;

ing broken or separated into parts not to be vio- ; organized; pert, or relating to unorganized sub-
lated. —
Infre'quent, -kwent, a. Seldom happen- stances. —
Inor'ganized, -izd, a. Not having organic
ing or occurring to notice; unfrequent; rare; uncom- structure.
mon. — lofre'quence, -auency, n. — Inqui ''etude, in-kwi''e-tud, n. Disturbed state
— IngeKable,
—
in-jeKa-bi, a. Incapable of being con- uneasiness of mind or body.
;

fealed. Inglo'rious, -rl-us, a. Not glorious ; not — Insalu^brious, in-sa-lu-'brt-us, a. Not salubrious
ringing honor shameful disgraceful. : Inglo'ri-
ously, o:/!-.- In'grata, -grat, a. Ungrateful; unpleas-
; — not healthful; unwholesome. Insalu''brity, -brT-tt, — —
;

n. Unhealtlifulness; unwholesomeness. Insane',

ing to the sense. n. —
An unscrateful person. In- — -san'', a. Not sane unsound in mind crazy dis-
; ; ;

grat'itude, -grSt't-tud, n. Want of gratitude ; in- tracted: delirious; frantic; raving; mad; used by, or
sensibility to favors unthankfulness.
— ; appropriated to, insane persons. Insan''ity,-san''T- —
Inliarmon''ic, in-har-mon''ik, -leal, a. Not har- -tt, n. Derangement of mind disorder of the men-
monic ; unharmonious. lnharmo''niotis, -mo'^nt- — tal faculties arising from diseaseof the brain; aliena-
;

tis, a. Discordant. Inhos'pitable, -pt-ta-bl, a. — tion; aberration mania. —

Insa'tiable, -sht-a-bl, a.
^

Not hospitable ; not disposed to entertain strangers.

;

Incapable of being satisfied or appeased. Insa'- —

— Inli03''pitabl6nes8, -pitaKity, n. Inhu'man, a. — tiate, -sht-at, a. Insatiable. Insati'ety, -ti-'e-tt, >i. —
Destitute of the kindness belonging to a human be- Insatiableness. —
Insafurable, -u-ra-bl, a. Not capa-
ing ; characterized by, or attended with, cruelty ; ble of being saturated. —
Insolent, in-'sht-ent or in-

ain, fame, far, pass or opera, f;ire ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — — —— ——

INSCBUTABLE 197 INVULNERABLE

si^'ent, a. Having little or no knowledge; ignorant. — In'teger, -te-jer, ?i. whole number, in contra/- A
— Inscru'tatle, -skroo''ta-bl, a. Incapable of being distinction from a fraction or a mixed number. In'-
searched into and understood by inquirj' or study, tegral, -te-^ral, a. Complete; whole; entire; not frac-
or of being discovered or explained by Human rea- tional. {Math.) Pert, to, or being a whole num-
son. —Insec'able, -sek''a-bl, n. Incapable of being
—
ber pert, to, or proceeding bv, integration.^ n.
; — A
divided by a cutting instrument. Insecure', -se- whole an entire thing a whole number. (Math.)
; ;

kur'', a. Not secure not safe; exposed to or appre- An expression which, being differentiated, will pro-
hensive of danger or loss.
;

Insecu'rity, -ku''rT-tt, — duce a given differential. In'tegrant, a. Making —

n. Condition of being insecure danger hazard part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire
want of confidence in one's safety uncertainty.
;

;
;

— ;

thing. —In'tegrate, -grat, w. f. To make entire to ;

Insen'sate, a. Destitute of sense; stupid; foolish.— restore ; to give the sum or total. {3Iai/i.) To find
Iiisen''sible, -st-bl, o. Destitute of the power of per- the integral of. —
Integra'tion, n. Act of making
ceiving; void of feeling; wanting tenderness inca- ; entire. {Math.) Operation of finding the primitive
pable of being perceived by the senses progressing ; function which has a given function for its diiferen-
by imperceptible degrees imperceptible dull stu- ; ; ; tial coefficient. Integ'rity, -teg'rt-tt, n. State of
pid; torpid; unfeeling; indifferent; hard; callous. being entire or complete ; wholeness moral sound- ;

Insen'siblKity, »i.— liisen'tient, -shent, a. Not hav- ness; honesty; uprightness: unimpaired, or genuine
ing perception, or power of perception. —Insep'a- state; purity; probity; virtue; rectitude. Intem'- —
rable, -a-ra-bl, o. Not separable; incapable of being perance, -per-ans, n. Want of moderation or due
separated or disjoined. Insignif'^icaiit, -Tt-kant, a.— restiinint; excess in any indulgence; habitual indul-
Not significant ; destitute of meaning having no gence in spirituous liquors; act of becoming, or state
weight or effect; without weight of character un-
;

; of being, intemperate. Intem'perate, a. Indul- —

important: immaterial; trivial; mean; contemptible. ging to excess any appetite or passion, either habitu-
— Insignificance, -icancy, -t-kan-sl, n. Want of ally or in a particular instance; excessive; ungov-
signilicance or meaning; want of force or effect; un- ernable inordinate addicted to excessive or ha-
importance want of claim to consideration or no-
;

bitual use of spirituous liquors.

;

Inter'minable, —
tice. — ;

Insincere', -sin-ser'', a. Not sincere not be- ; -ter'mT-na-bl, a. Without termination; admitting
ing in truth what one appears to be deceitful; hyp- no limit; boundless; immeasurable; infinite; unlim-
ocritical false, —
said of things; not to be trusted
;

ited; wearisomely protracted. Intes'table, a. Not —

;

or relied upon; dissembling; disingenuous. Insin- — legally qualified or competent to make a testament.
cer'ity, -ser't-tf, n. Want of sincerity dissimula- — Intes'tacy, -ta-st, n. State of one dying without
tion hypocrisy deceitfulness.
; Insip'id, a. Des-
;
— ;

having made a valid will. Intes'tate, a. Dj'ing —

titute of taste wanting spirit, life, or animation without having made a valid will not devised or
;

vapid; dull; spiritless; lifeless; flat. Insipid'ity, — ;

bequeathed; not disposed of by wiR. n. person

;

— A
-pid'I-tf, Insip'idness, n. Quality of being insipid; Avho dies without making a valid will. Intol'era- —
want of taste tastelessness ; want of interest, life, ble, -er-a-bl, a. Not tolerable not capable of being
or spirit. — ;

Insobri'ety, -bri-'e-tf , n. Want of sobri- endured insufferable. Intol'erance, -er-ans, n. — ;

ety ; intemperance. —
Inso'ciable, -sha-bl, a. Not
;

State of being intolerant refusal to allow to others

sociable; not given to conversation; taciturn. In'- — the enjoyment of their opinions illiberality big-
;

solent, -so-lent, a. Proud and haughty, with con- otry. —

Intol'erant, a. Not enduring difference of
;

tempt of others proceeding from insolence over- opinion or sentiment, esp. in relation to religion;
;

bearing; insulting; abusive; saucy; impudent; au-

;

not able or willing to endure. Intract ' able, —

dacious pert opprobrious.
; ; In'solence, -so-lens, — -trakt'a-bl, a. Not tractable not easily governed, ;

n. Pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptu- managed, or directed; indisposed to be taught, disci-

ous and overbearing treatment of others impu- plined, or tamed; stubborn; perverse; refractory;
dence. —
Insoluble, -sol'u-bl, a. Not solulDle in-
;

;
unrulj^; headstrong; unteachable. Intract'able- —
capable of being dissolved, particularly by a liquid; ness,-abil'ity, w.— Intran'sitive, -sT-tiv, a. {Gram.)
not to be solved or explained. Insolv-'able, a. — Expressing an action or state limited to the agent, —
Not solvable not capable of solution or explica- i. e., an action that does not pass over to, or operate
;

tion incapable of being paid or discharged. In- — upon, an object. Intrep'id, a. Fearless— bold ;
;

solv'ent, a. {Law.) Not solvent not having suf- ; brave undaunted.

;
—
Intrepid'ity, -tre-pid'Y-tt, n.
;

ficient estate to pay one's debts; not sufficient to State or quality of being intrepid fearless bravery ; ;

pay all the debts oi the owner; respecting persons courage heroism valor. ;

— Inutil'ity, in-u-til'T-tt, n. Uselessness; unprofita-

;

unable to pay their debts. n. One not solvent. —

Insolv'ency, -en-st, n. Condition of one unable to bleness.
pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course — Inval'id, in-val'id, a. Not valid of no force, ;

of trade and business; insufficiency to discharge all weight, or cogency; weak. {Law.) Having no force,
debts of the owner. —
Insorn'ma, -nf-a, n. Want of effect, or efficacy void null. — In'valid, a. In ill
— health feeble infirm. — n. A person who
; ;

sleep inability to sleep wakefulness. Insom'- weak is

and infirm, sickly or indisposed. —
; ; ; ;

nious, -nt-us, rt^ Restless in sleep; sleepless. In- To enroll v. t.

Bouciance, ax-soo'se-oxs', n. Carelessness ; uncon- on the of invalids
list the military or naval serv- ivi
cern. —
Insta'ble, a. Not stable; prone to change or ice. — Inval'idate, -T-dat, To render invalid v. t.

recede from a purpose ^ mutable inconstant. In- ; — to destroy the strength or validity of, render of no
;

Bubor'dinate, -or'dT-nat, a. Not submissive ; mu- force or effect. InvaHda'tion, n. Act or process
tinous. —
Insubor'dina''tion, n. Want of subordi- of rendering invalid. Invalid'ity, n. Wnnt of co- —
nation; disobedience to lawful authority. Insuf- — gency; wantof legal force or efficacy. Inva'riablo, —
ferable, -fer-a-bl, a. Incapable of being suffered ; -rT-a-bl, a. Not given to variation or change im- ;

insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; disgusting mutable unalterable always uniform. — Inver'-

; ;

—
beyond endurance. Insuffi'cient, -flsli'ent, a. Not tebral, -ver'te-bral, a. {Zobt.) Destitute of a ver-
sufficient; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose ; tebral column, a_s some animals invertebrate. In- ;
—
wanting in strength, power, ability, or skill incom- var 'tebrate, -brat, V. An animal which, etc. In-
—
;

mensurate ; unequal unfit. Insu'perable, -per-a- ver'tebrate, -braVed, a. Destitute of a backbone ;

—
;

bl, «. Not superable incapable of being passed over,

; invertebral. Invxn'cible, -sT-bl, a. Incapable of
overcome, or surmounted; insurmountable; uncon- being conquered or overcome unconquerable in- :

—
;

querable ; invincible. Insupport 'able, a. Incapa- superable. —

Invi'plabla, -o-la-bl, a. Not violable ;

ble of being supported or borne insufferable in- not capable of being broken or violated not to be
—
; ; ;

tolerable. Insurmount'able, -ser-mownt'a-bl, a. profaned sacred not susceptible of hurt or wound.

; ;

Incapable of being surmounted, or overcome insu- — Invi'olate, -lat, -lated, a. Unhurt unprofaned; ;

perable. —
Insuscep'tible, -sus-sep'tT-bl, a. Not
;

unpolluted unbroken. Invis'ible, -viz'T-bl, a.

;
—
susceptible; not capable of being moved, affected, or Incapable of being seen; imperceptible by the sight.
impressed. — Invis'ibil'ity. w. State of being, or that which is,
— Intact', in-takf, a. Untouched, esp. by any- invisible. —Invol'untary, -un-ta-rt, «. Not having
thing that harms, defiles, etc. ; uninjured. In- — Avill or power of choice ; independent of will or
tan'gible, -jt-bl, a. Not tangible that cannot l)e choice; not proceeding from choice; not done will-
—
;

touched ; immaterial ; not perceptible to the touch. ingly. Invul'nerable, -ner-a-bl, a. Incapable of

stin, cube, f ijll ; moon, tiSbi ; cow, oil ; liager ur ijik, then, boNboir, chair, get.
 INAMORATA -1'98 INCOME
being wounded or receiving injury ; unassailable ; ginning; commencement; inception. Inchc'ative, —
able to resist argument. -tiv, a. Expressing or indicating beginning.
Inamorata, in-arn'o-rsi'^ta, n. /., -rato, -ra'to, n. m. Incident, in'sT-dent, a. Falling upon, as a rav of light
One enamored, or in love; a lover. upon a reflecting surface happening accidentally ; ;

In-and-in, Inasmuch. See under Ix,p;-ep. casual; fortuitous; liable to happen; naturally hap-
Inarch, in-iirch', i: t. [-arched (-arcnt''), -akcuing.] pening or appertaining. (Law.) Dependent upon,
To graft by uniting, as a scion, to or appertaining to, another thing, called the prin-
a stock, without separating it from cipal. -I- n. That which usually falls out or takes
it>; parent tree. place; an event; circumstance; that which happens
Inaugurate, in-aw'gu-rat, v. t. To aside from the main design; an episode or subordi-
induct into office formallj' to ; nate action. (Laiu.) Something depending on or
c.Mise to begin; to set in motion, passing with the principal. Incidental, a. Hap- —
ori'ction; to make
a public exhi- pening, as an occasional event not necessarv to
bitii>n of for the fust time. In- — the chief purpose occasional accidental casual :
;

au'gural, -gu-ral, a. Pert, to, or fortuitous — n. An incident. — Inci-

; contino:ent.
; ; ;

jiertovmed "or pronounced at, an dentally, adv. Without intention accidentally

inauguration. yi. —
An inaugural beside the main design. — In'-
; ;

address. —
Inaugura'^tion, ft. Act cidence, -dens, n. An acci-
of inaugurating formal begin-
; dent or casualty. (F/iysics.)
ning of any movement, course of Direction in which a bodv, or
rction, etc. — Inau'guratory, -ra-^ a ray of light or heat, falls on
to-rX, a. Suited or pert, to inau-'
Inarchins
any surface. — Angle of inci-
juration, dence. The angle whicli a ray
Inteing, in-be''ing, ?i. Inherence; inhereiit existence. of light, or body, falling on
Inborn, in'b6rn, a. Born in or with; implanted by any surface, makes with a per-" . „ ,,- „ .

n-iture. pendicular to that surface.

,

.^ H, angle of in- ^
Inbreed, in-bred'', v. t. [-bred, -beeedixg.] To pro- Incinerate, in-sin'er-at, v. t. To cidence C B. H, ;

duce or generate within; to breed in-and-in see : burn to ashes. angle of reflection.
—
under !>% In'bred, a. Bred within natural. ; Incipience, Incipient, etc. See under Ixceptiox.
Inca, in'ka, n. ; j>l. Ixcas, -kaz. A king or prince of Incise, in-siz-', v. t. [-cised (-sizd'), -cisixg.] To
Peru, befqi-e its conquest bj- the Spaniards. cut in or into with a sharp instrument, carve, en-
Incage, in-kaj'', r. t. [-caged (-kajd'), -cagixg.] To gi-ave. —
Incised leaf. {Bot.)
Confine in a cage; to inclose. One sharply and deei)lj^ cut or
Incalescent, in-ka-les-'sent, a. Growing warm in- ; notched.— Incis'lon, -sizh'un, n.
creasing in heat. —
Incales''cence, -sens, -cency, -sen- Act of cutting into a substance ;
-sT, 71. A groAving warm incipient or increasing ; separation of the substance of
heat; calefaction. anj- body made by a cutting in-
Incandescent, in-kan-des''sent, o. White or glowing
— strument a cut ; gash. ; In- —
with heat. Incandes'cence, -sens, n. white A clusive, -si'' siv, a. Having the
heat, or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by quality of cutting, or penetra-
intense heat. ting sharp acute sarcastic
—
; ; ; ;

Incantation, in-kan-ta-'shun, n. Act of enchanting; biting. Inci''sor, -zer, n. A

enchantment; act of rising magical fomnulas. cutter a fore tooth, which cuts,
;

Incarcerate, in-kar''ser-at, r. t. To imprison, confine, bites, or separates : see Tooth. j t

shut up, or inclose. — a. Imprisoned confined. ;
— Incite, in-sit', v. t. To move to
t
Incised Leaf.
j- •

Incar^cera'tion, Ji. Act of, or state of being, etc. action, stir up, spur on, stimulate, instigate, rouse,
Incarnate, in-kar'nat, v. t. To clothe with flesh, em- prompt, animate.— Incite''ment, n. Act of inciting;
—
body in flesh. a. Invested with flesh: embodied that whicli incites motive incentive stimulus,
in a fleshy nature and form. Incarna'tion, n. Act — encouragement.
; ; ;

of assuming flesh, or of taking a liuman body and Inclasp, in-klasp'', v. t. [-clasped (-klaspt''), -clasp-
the natureof man state of being united with a hu-
; IX G.J To clasp within or into to hold fast to, em- ;

man form and nature; an incarnate form; a striking brace, encircle.

exemplification in person or act manifestation. ;
— Incline, in-klln'', v. i. [-clixed C-klind''), -clixixg.]
Incar-'native, -tiv, a. Causing new flesh to grow. To deviate from a line, direction, or course toward
— Incar'nadine, -din, a. Flesh-colored; of a carna- an object; to lean; to favor an opinion, a course of
tion color._— V. t. To dye red. conduct, or a person to be disposed. v. t. To ;
—
Incase, in-kas'', v. t. [-cased (-kasf), -casing.] To cause to deviate from a line, position, or dii-ection
inclose in a case, surround with something solid. — to give a tendency or propension to, as to the will
;

Incase'ment, n. Act or process of, etc. ; any inclos- or affections to dispose; to bend ; to cause to stoop
ing substance. or bow. —
n. An ascent or de-
;

Incendiary, in-sen'^di-a-rl, n. One who maliciously scent, as in a road or railway ;

sets fi.re to a building one who
excites or inflames a grade. —
Incl i n e d plane.
—
;

factions an agitator. a. Pert, to the malicious (Mech.) A plane that makes an

;

burning of a dwelling ; inflammatory seditious. ;

— oblique angle with the plane ^
Incense'', -sens', r. t. To enkindle or inflame to of the horizon a sloping plane ;

violent anger; to enrage exasperate irritate; lieat; it is one of the mechanical pow- A D, Inclined Plane.
fire. —
In'^cense, n. Odors of spices and gums
; ;

ers. — Inclina'tion, n. Act of inclining; leaning; de-

burned in religious rites a mixture of fragrant viation from a normal direction or position pro-
gums, spices, etc., for producing a perfume. v. t.
;

— pension a disposition more favorable to one thing

;

—
;

To perf^ume with incense. Incen''sive, -siv, a. than to another bent tendency bias preposses- ; ; ; ;

Tending to excite or provoke

inflammatorj'. ; sion predilection love regard ; desire. (Geoin.)
; ; :

Incentive, in-sen'tiv, Inciting

a. encouraging or The angle made by 2 lines or planes, which meet, or
moving. — n. That wliich incites to determination
;

would meet, if produced.

or action ; motive stimulus encouragement..
; : Inclose, in-kloz'', v.t. [-closed (-klozd'), -closing.]
Inception, in-sep''shun, n. Beginning commence- ; To surround, siiut in, confine on all sides, encom-
ment. —
Incep'tive, -tiv, rt. Beginning; expressing pass to put within a case, envelope, etc.— Inclos''-
;

or indicating beginning. —
Incip'ient, -sip'T-ent, a. ure, -klo'zher, n. Act of, state Of being, or thing
—
Same as Ixceptive. Incip'isntly, arfi). Incip'- — which is inclosed space contained; that which in- ;

ience, -ency, -T-cn-sT, )i. Inception. closes a barrier, fence.

;

Inch, inch, n. The 12th part of a Iineal_ foot; a small Include, in-klud'', v. t. To confine within, contain,
di.stance or degree. Inch'-meal, -mel, n. Apiece shut up; to comprehend, as a genus the sj^ecies, the
an inch long. —
adv. By small degrees; little by whole a part, an argument or reason the inference;
little. to embrace. —
Inclu'sive, -siv, a. Inclosing encir- ;

Inchoate, in'ko-at, a. Recently, or iust, begun; incip- cling comprehending the stated limit or extrenies.
ient; also, incomjilete. —
Inchoa'tion, ?;. Act of be-
;

Income, in''kum, n. That gam which proceeds from

Sm, fame, fiir, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In. Tee ; 8dd, tone, or ;
 —

I]^CORPORATE 199 INDIGENT

labor, business, or property of anj' kind: revenue ; re- by indenture or contract. (Print.) To begin a line or
ceipts esp. the annual receipts of a private i)erson, lines at a greater or less distance from tlie margin.—
;

or a corporation, from rents, business profits, etc. — V. i. To be cut or notched; to crook or turn; to wind
In 'coming, -kum-iug, a. Coming in; accruing; com- in and out. n. — A
cut or notch in the margin of any-
ing in as occupant or possessor. thing. —
Indenta'tion, n. A
notch a cut in the ;

Incorporate, in-kSr^po-rat, a. 'United in one body; in- margin of paper or other things ; a recess or depres-
corporated; associated. v. t. To combine (ditterent — sion in any border. {Print.) Act of, etc. ; blank
ingredients) into one body or mass; togive amaterial space at the beginning of a hue. — Indent'ed, p. a.
form embody; to unite with a substance or mass
to, jagged; notched; bound out hy indented writings.
already formed or in being; to combine into a struc- indenfure, -deu'chur, n. Act of indenting, or state
ture or organization; to form into a legal body, or of being indented. {"Laiv.) A
mutual agreement in
body politic; to constitute into a corporation. — i'. i. writing between parties, whereof each party had
To unite so as to make a part of another body; to be formerly a part. v. t. —
[i>;dextured (-churd),
mixed or blended. —
Incor'pora'tion, n. Act of in- -TURING.] To bind by indentures.
corporating, or state of being incorporated union ; Index, in'deks, n. ; £. pi. -dexes, -deks-ez ; X. pL
of different ingredients in one mass combination ; -DICES, -dl-sez. That which points out, indicates, or
into a structure or organization. (Law.) The for- manifests esp., a pointer or hand that directs to
;

mation of a legal or political body by the union of an3'thin"', as the hour of the day, road to a place,
individuals; body incorporated; a corporation. etc.; table tor facilitating reference to topics, names,
Increase, in-kres'', v. i. [-creased (-kresf), -ceeas- etc.,in a book. {Aaat.) The fore finger, or point-
iXG.] To become greater in bulk, quantity, num- ing finger. {Arith. & Alg.) The figure or letter
ber, value, intensity, authority, etc. to grow, aug- ; whiclw shows the power or root of a quantity; the
ment, advance to" multiply by the production of
;
exponent. [In this sense, the plural is always in-
—
young. V. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, dices.]— v. t. [lis'DEXED (-dekst), -DEXixG.] To pro-
quantity, or amount: to add to; to jmprove in qual- vide with or form an index or table of references.
ity; to aggravate. —
Increase, in-kres' or in'kres, Ji. Indian, ind'yan on in'dt-an, a. Of, or pert, to, either
A growing larger; that which results from growth of the Indies, East or West, or the aborigines of
produce; profit interest progeny; issue; offspring;
; ;
;

America; made of maize or Indian corn. ?i. — A

augmentation extension; growth addition; acces-
; ; native or inhabitant of the Indies :

sion.— Increment, in'kre-ment, n. Art or process of one of the aboriginal inhabitants

increasing augmentation m.atter added produce.
; ; ; of America, —
so called from their
(Math.) The increase of a variable quantity or fancied resemblance to the peo-
fraction from its present value to its next ascend- ple of India. —
Indian corn.
ing value. (Rhet.) An ampUflcation without strict Slaize, a plant of the genus Zea,
climax. native of Amer. —
/. j^fe. Single
Incremate, in'kre-mat, v. t. To consume (a dead fi-le; arrangement of persons in a
bodj') by burning; to cremate. row following one after another,
Incrust, m-krusf, v. t. To cover with a crust or the usual way among Indians of
hard coat to form a crust on the surface of.
; In- — traversing woods, etc. —
I. sum-
crusta'tion, M. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a crust mer. A
period of warm and pleas-
or coat of anything on the surface of a body. ant weather occurring late in au-
Incubate, in''ku-bat, v. i. To sit, as on eggs for hatch- tumn. —
India -paper. A delicate
ing. — Incuba''tion, ?i. Act of, etc. (Path.) Germi- absorbent paper, manufactured in
nation of a contagious poison. /. of a disease. Pe- — China or India, from the inner
riod between the reception of a morbific poison and bark of the bamboo or cotton tree.
the manifestation of the disease. In''cubU3, n. ; E. — — I. ink. A substance brought
jjZ. -BUSES, -bus-ez, i. pZ. -Bi, -bi. {Med.) The night- chiefly from China, used for water Indian Corn.
mare. Anything that weighs heavily upon one, or '
colors, consisting of lamp-black and animal glue ;
prevents the free use of the faculties. sepia.— /, ruhher. See CAOuxcnouc. Indiaman, —
Inculcate, in-kuKkat, v. t. To impress by frequent ind'ya- oj-in'dl-a-man, ?i. {Naut.) large ship em- A
admonitions, teach by frequent repetitions; to urge ployed in the India trade.
on the mind. —
Inculca'^tion, n. Act of, etc. Indican. See under Ixdigo.
Inculpate, in-kuKpat, v. t. To expose to blame; to Indicate, in'dt-kat, v. t. To point out, make known,
censure: to accuse of crime, impute guilt to; to crim- show. {Med.) To manifest by symptoms; to point
inate. —Incul''patory, -pa-to-rT, a. Imputing blame. to as the proper remedies. —
Indica'tion, n. Act
(Laiv.) Tending to establish guilt; criminatory. of. or that which, etc.; mark; token; sign; symptom.
Incumbent, in-kum''bent, a. Lying or resting upon ;
—Indic'ative, -a-tiv, a. Pointing out; bringing to
supported; buoyed up lying or resting, as duty or notice giving intimation or knowledge of some-
obligation indispensable. n. One in present pos-
;

— ;

thing not visible or obvious. —

Indicative mode.
;

session of a benefice, or office. Incum'bency, -ben- — {Gram.) That mode of the verb which indicates,
si, n. State of being, or that which is, incumbent; a that is, which
affirms or denies: it is also used in
weight rule duty obligation. {Eccl.) State of
; ; ; asking questions. Indicative is also sometimes used
holding a benefice, or office. substantively to denote this mode. —
Indic'atively,
Incur, in-ker', [-cuered (-kgrd'), -currisg
v. t. adv. —
In'dica'tor, -ter, n. One who, or
(-ker''ing).] To meet or fall in with, as something that which, etc.; esp. an instrument by
from which inconvenience or harm is to be appre- which the working steam records its
hended; to expose one's self to; to become liable or pressure in the cylinder of a steam en-
subject to to contract.
; Incur''sion, -shun, n. An — gine an instrument for recording or
;

entering into a territory with hostile intention; in- announcing telegraphic messages.
vasion inroad raid foray.
; IncuT'^sive, -siv, a.
; ;
— Indict, in-dit', v. t. {Law.) To charge
Making an attack or incursion; hostile. with a crime, in due form of law, by
Incurvate, in-kerv'at, v. t. To bend, crook. a. — the finding or presentment of a grand
Curved inward or upward. Incurva'tion, n. Act — jury. —
Indict 'er, n. —
Indicfment,
of bending, or of being curved; state of being bent; n. Act of indicting, or state of bein^
act of bowing.— Incurve', v. t. [-curved (-kervd'), indicted; written accusation, or formal
-CUEVIXG.] To bend, make crooked. Incurv'ity, — charge of a crime, preferred to a court
-I-tT, n. State of being, etc.; curvature. by a grand jury under oath; hence, an
Indebt, in-def, v. t. To bring into debt, place under accusation in general.
obligation. —
Indebt'ed, a. Being in debt; under ob- Indifferent, Indignant, etc. See under indicator
ligation; obliged by something received, for which IXABILITY.
restitution or gratitude is due. Indebt 'edness, n. — Indigenous, in-dij'e-nus, a. N'ative; born or origina-
Indeed, in-ded', adv. In reality; in truth; ia fact,— ting in (a place or country) produced naturally in
;

used interjectionally, as an expression of i nrprise. a country or climate; not exotic.

Indent, in-denf, v. t. To cut into points or inequal- Indigent, in'dt-jent, a. Destitute of property or
ities, like a row of teeth; to notch, jag; to bind out means of comfortable subsistence needy poor. ; ;
—
sfin, cube, full ; moon, tObi ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boxboN, chair, get.
 INDIGO 200 INFLORESCENCE
iB'digence, -gency, -jen-sT, ?i. Poverty; need; pau- Infect, in-fekt'',
v. t. To taint with disease; to affect
perism. with morbid or noxious matter to communicate ;

Indigo, in^dl-go, n. A
blue coloring matter obtained bad gualities to, corrupt, poison, vitiate, pollute, de-
froui a leguminous plant of several species. See tile. (Law.) 1 o contaminate with illegality, or ex-
Light. pose to penalty. —
Infec''tion, n. Act or process oi
Indite, in-dif, r. t. To
direct or dictate what is to be infecting; that which infects; result of infecting in-
utterea or written to compose, write, be author of. fluence; a prevailing disease; that which taints, poi-
— ;

Indite^ment, n. Act ot inditing. sons, or corrupts, by communication from one to

Indoctrinate, in-dok'trl-nat, v. t. To instruct in the another contamination by illegality, as in cases of
—
;

rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch contraband goods. Infec'tious, -snus, a. Having

of learning; to instruct in or imbue with a doctrine. qualities that may infe.ct pestilential; corrupting,
;

Indoor, in'dor, a. Being within doors. or tending to contaminate; vitiating. {Law.) Con-
Indorse, in-dors', v. t. [-doesed (-dSrsf), -doesing.] taminating witlr illegality. Capable of being easily
To write upon the back or outside of. {Laio.) To diffused or spread.
write one's name upon the back of (a paper), to Infer, in-fer'', v. t. [-fekeed (-ferd''), -feeeing (-fer'-
transfer it, or to secure the payment of (a note, ring).] To derive either by deduction or induction;
draft, etc.); to give one's name or support to; to to draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. Infer''- —
sanction. — Indorse'ment, n. Act of writing on able, -fer''rible, -fer-T-bl, n. Capable of being in-
the back of a note, bill, etc.; a writing, usually upon ferred or deduced from premises. In''ference, -fer- —
the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable ens, n. Act of inferring ; thing inferred a truth ;

instrument, by which the property therein is as- or proposition drawn from another which is admit-
signed and transferred; sanction or support given. ted or supposed to be true conclusion deduction; ; ;

Indrawn, in^'drawn, a. Drawn in. consequence. —Inferen''tial, -shal, a. Deduced or

Induce, in-dus', V. «. [-DCCED(-dustO, -ducing.] To deducible by inference.
lead in, introduce; to prevail on, move or effect by Inferior, in-f e''rl-er, a. Lower in place, social rank,
persuasion or influence, incite, cause. {Physics.) To or excellence; subordinate. {Astron.) Between the
cause by proximity without contact or transmission. earth and the sun; below the horizon. {Bot.) Grow-
— Induce^ment, n. That which induces a motive ; ing below some other organ. n. person who is — A
or consideration that persuades to action reason ; younger, or lower in rank, station, intellect, etc.,
—
;

incitement influence. {Law.) Matter stated by than another. Infe'rior'ity, -rl-Sr''I-tI, n. State of
;

way of explanatory preamble or introduction. — being inferior a lower state or condition.

; Infer''- —
Induct'', V. t. To bring in, introduce to intro- nal, -fer''-nal, a. Pert, to the lower regions, or re-
duce (to a benefice or oftice). —
Induc'tion, n. Act
;

gions of the dead ; pert, to, like, appropriate to, or

of, etc. {Philos.) Act or process of reasoning from inhabiting hell hellish ; diabolical.
; n. An inhab- —
a part to a whole, or from particulars to generals. itant of hell.
Formal introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, Infest, in-iest'', r. t. To trouble greatly, harass; to so
or of a person into ofiace. {Physics.) The property occupj' or frequent as to make unsafe or unpleas-
by which one body, having electrical, galvanic, or ant to haunt.
;

magnetic polarity, causes it in another body without Infilter, in-fiKter, v. t. or i. To filter or sift in. In- —
direct contact. {Math.) A
process of demonstration fil''trate, -trat, v. i. To enter by penetrating the
in which a general truth is gathered from an ex- pores or interstices of a substance. Infiltra'^ion,
amination of particular cases. Indue ''tional, In-— n. Act or process of infiltrating substance which ;

duct''ive, -iv, a. Leading or drawing tempting : ; has entered the pores or cavities of a body. {Med.)
proceeding or derived by induction. {Elec.) Opera- Effusion of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part.
ting by, or facilitating induction. Infinite, Infirm, etc. See under Inability.
Indue, in-du'', v. t. [-dued C-dud''^, -DUI^"G.] To put Infix, in-flks'', v. t. [-fixed (-fikst''), -fixing.] To fix
on, as clothes, draw on; to clotne, invest, endow, by piercing or thrusting in to implant or fix, as ;

furnish, supply. principles, thoughts, instructions.

Indulge, in-dulj^, v. t. [-bulged (-duljd'), -dulgin^g.] Inflame, in-flam'', v. t. [-flamed (-flamd''), -flam-
To be complacent towards; to give way to, yield to ing.] To set on fire, kindle to excite to excessive ;

the desire of to withhold restraint from to grant

; ; and unnatural action; to produce morbid heat, red-
as by favor, gratify, cherish, foster. v. i. To give — ness, or swelling to excite or increase (passion or
;

one's self Up to practice a forbidden, or question- appetite) to provoke to anger or rage to irritate,
;

able, act without restraint. —

InduKgence, -gency,
;

exasperate, anger, —r. i. To grow hot, angry, and

;

-jen-sT, n. Quality of being indulgent; forbearance painful. —

Inflam''mable, -flftm-'ma-bl, a. Capable
of restraint or control favor granted liberality
; ; of being set on fire easily enkindled. Inflam''nia- —
—
; ;

gratification. {Rom. Cath. Church.) Remission of bleness, -mabil'ity, n. inflamma''tion, n. Act of,
temporal punishment for sins, supposed to save the state of being, etc. {Afed. & Surg.) redness and A
sinner from purgatory. —
Indul-'gent, a. Prone to swelling of any part of an animal body, attended
indulge or humor not opposing or restraining. with heat, pain, and febrile symptoms. "Violent ex-
;

Indurate, in''du-rat, v. i. To grow hard, harden be- ; citement heat passion.

;
—
lriflam''matory, -to-rt, a.
—
;

come hard. V. t. To make hard, deprive of sen- Tending to inflame.

sibility, render obdurate. —
a. Hardened; not soft; Inflate, in-flat', v. t. To swell or distend with air or
without sensibility unfeehng obdurate. Indu- — gas; to blow into; to puff up, elate; to cause to be-
—
; ;

ra'tion, n. Act of hardening or process of growing come unduly expanded or increased. Inflate'',
hard; state of being indurated; obduracy; stiffness; -flat''ed, a. Filled with air distended bombastic.
want of pliancy. — Infla'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
; ;

Industry, in^'dus-trf, n. Habitual diligence; assidu- Inflect, in-flekt'', r. t. To bend, turn from a direct
ousness; laboriousness; a productive occupation. line or course. {Gram.) To vary (a noun or verb)
Indus'' trial, -trt-al, a. Consisting in industry; pert. in its terminations, decline, conjugate. To modulate
industry, or the arts of industry.
*'~>
Indus ''trious, — (the voice). Inflec''tion, -flex-'ion, -flek''shun, n. Act
-tri-us, a. Given to, or characterized by, etc.; dili- of, or state of being, etc. a bend fold a slide or
; ; ;

gent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end. modulation of the voice in speaking. {Gram.) The
Inebriate, in-c'brt-at, i-. t. To make drunk, intoxi- variation of nouns, etc., by declension, and verbs by
cate; to stupefy, or to make furious or frantic; to conjugation. {Mtis.) Any modification in the pitch
exhilarate. —
r.'i. To be or become intoxicated. or tone of the voice. {Opt.) The deviation which
n. One who is drunk; esp. an habitual drunkard; light undergoes in passing the edges of an opaque
a sot; toper.— Ine'bria''tion, Inebri'ety, -bri''e-tl, n. body; diffraction.— Inflec'tional, a. Pert, to inflec-
Condition of being, etc. tion. —Inflect''ive, -iv, a. Capable of inflection.
Ineffable, Inept,' etc^ See under Ixability. Inflict, in-flikf, i\ t. To lay, send, impose, apply; to
Infatuate, in-taf'u-at, r. t. To make foolish; to weak- cause to bear, feel, or suffer. InfliC'tion, w. Act
en the intellectual i^owers of; to inspire with an ex- of inflicting thing inflicted or imposed.
; Inflicf- —
travagant or foolish passion; to besot, stupefy, mis- ive, -iv, a. Tending or able to inflict.
lead. —Infat'ua'tion, n. Act of infatuating*; state Inflorescence, in-flo-res'sens, n. flowering; the un- A
of being infatuated; folly. folding of blossoms. {Bot.) Mode of flowering, or

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; .Xn^ ice ; Bdd, tone, 6r
 ; — ;

INFLUENCE 201 INITIAL

general arrangement and disposition of the flowers ; two-ply carpet. —
Ingrain, in'gran or in-^ran', r. t.
an axis on which all the buds are flower-buds. [-grained (-grand'), -eRAiNiNG.] To dye in the
Influence, iu'flu-ens, n. A
flowing in or upon; influx; grain or before manufacture; to work into the nat-
agency or power which affects, modifies, or sways; ural texture, as color.
controlling power quietly or eflScaciously exerted ; Ingrate, Ingratitude, etc. See under Inability.
authority arising from station, character, intellect, Ingratiate, in-gra'sht-at, v. t. To introduce or com-
wealth, etc. r. t. —
[ixfluexced (-enst), -bxcixg.] mend to another's favor; to worm into one's confi-
To control by hidden, but efiicacious, power to ; dence.
persuade, lead, direct; to modify, affect, bias, sway. Ingredient, in-gre'dl-ent, n. That which is a com-
— Influen'tial, -shal, a. Exerting influence or power, ponent part of any compound or mixture; an ele-
by invisible operation, as physical causes on Dodies
|

ment. — In'gress, n. Entrance: power, liberty, or

or as moral causes on the mind. Influen'tially, — I

—
means of entrance or access. Ingres'sion, -gresh'-
adv. —In'flux, n. Act of flowing in infusion in- ; ; un, n. Act of entering; entrance.
tromission; introduction; importation in abundance. Inguinal, in'gw'i-nal, a. {Anat.) Pert, to the groin.
— Inflnen'za, -za, n. {Med.) A violent form of epi- Ingulf, in-gulf, V. t. [-gulfed (-gullf), -gulfing.}
demic catarrh. i To swallow up in or as in a vast deep, gulf, or whirl-
Infold, in-fold'', v. i. To wrap up or in wrap ; to in- I p'ool: to cast into a gulf, overwhelm.
close; to embrace. Inhabit, in-hab'it, v. t. To live or dwell in. r. i. —
—
t

Inform, in-f6rm'', r. (-fSnnd''), -form-[-formed To have residence, dwell, live, abide. Inhab'it-
t.

IXG.] To give form, sliape, or vital or organizing

\

'

atle, at Capable of being inhabited habitable. ;

—
power to; to animate; to make known to, advise, Inhab'itance, -ancy, -an-sT, n. Condition of an in-
instruct, tell; to communicate a knowledge of facts habitant legal residence
; esp., the right to sup-
;

to, by way of accusation. — v. i. To give information. port in case of poverty, acquired by residence in
— IiiJornr''aait, n. One who informs or gives intel- a town. — Inhab-'itant, n. One who resides per-
ligence.— Informa'tion, n. Act of informing, or manently in a place. (Law.) One who has a legal
communicating knowledge news or advice com- ; settlement in a town, city, or parish a resident. ;
—
municated by word or writing; intelligence; knowl- Inhab'ita'tion, 7i. Act of inhabiting, or state of be-
edge derived' from reading, observation, or instruc- ing inhabited; abode place of dwelling.
; Inhab'- —
tion. {Law.) A prosecution for some offense against itativeness, -a-tiv-nes, n. {Fhrenol.) An organ sup-
the government. —
Inform''er, ?i. One who informs posed to indicate the desire of permanent residence
or gives intelligence. {Law.) One who informs in an abode. See Phrenology.
against another for the violation of some law. One Inhale, in-haK, v. t. [-haled (-hald'), -haling.] To
who makes a business of informing against others, draw into the lungs; to inspire. InhaFer, n. One —
— esp. who, for selfish ends, volunteers accusations, who inhales; an apparatus for inhaling any vapor or
to have others punished. volatile substance, for medicinal purposes; a con-
Infraction, in-frak'^shuu, n. Breach; violation ; non- trivance to filter or warm the air for delicate lungs
observance. —
Infringe', v. t. [-fringed (-frinjd'), or in a deleterious atmosphere a respirator appa- ; ;

-FRiXGtxG.] To break, as contracts to violate, ; ratus to carry air for a diver, etc. —
Inhala'tion, n.
transgress, neglect to fulfill or obey. v. i. To vio- — Act of inhaling.
late some rule to encroach, trespass.
;
Infringe''- — Inhere, in-lier', v. i. [-hered (-herd'), -hering.] To
ment. n. Act of violating; breach; non-fulfillment. be fixed or permanentlj' incorporated. Inher'ent, a. —
Infuriate, in-fu'rTt-at, n. Enraged mad raging
; ; ; Existing in something", so as to be inseparable from
furiously angry. v. t. — To render furious or mad it; naturally pertaining to; innate: inborn; native;
—
;

to enra^'^e inwrought. —
Inher'ently, arfr. Inher'ence, -en-
Infuse, in°-luz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To cy, -en-sY. n. State of inhering: existence in some-
pour in, as a liquid to instill, as principles or qual-
;
thing. —
Inhe'sion, -zhun, n. Inherence.
ities; to inspirit or animate; to steep in water of suit- Inherit, in-her'it, v. t. (Lmv.) To take by descent
able temperature, for the purpose of extracting me- from an ancestor; to succeed, as an heir, to the estate
dicinal or other qualities.— Infu'sion, -zhun, ?i. Act or rights of a deceased person. To receive or take by
of infusing, pouring in, or instilling ; instillation; birth, have by nature: to become possessed of, own.
thino- infused; susgestion. {Pharmaci/.} Act or pro- V. i. To have as an inheritance, possession, or prop-
cess of steeping (a plant, etc.) in water, to extract its erty. ^ Inher'itable, a. Capable of being inherited,
virtues; liquid obtained by this process.— Infu'sive, or of being transmitted from parent to child, or of
-siv, a. Having the taking by'inheritance, or receiving by descent. —
power of infusion. Inher'itably, adv. Bj- inheritance. tnher'itance, —
— Infuso'ria. -rl-a, -ans, n. {Laiv.) An estate which a man has by de-
n. pi. {ZofJl.) -Mi- scent as heir to another, or which he may transmit
nute or microscopic to another as his heir; that inherited; a permanent
animals found in or valuable possession or blessing a possession re- ;

water and other ceived by gift, or without purchase ownership. ;

fluids: animalcules. Inhesion. See under Inhere.

— Infttso'rial, -fu'- Inhibit, in-hib'it, r. t. To check, repress, restrain,
—
Inhibi'tion, -bisli'un,
sory, -so-rT, a. Pert,Infusoria (as seen through a hinder; to forbid, prohibit.
composed of, or n. Ac^ of, or state of being, etc.; restraint; prohibi-
to,
containing, etc.
microscope).
tion :embargo. —
Inhib'itory, -l-to-rT, a. Tend-
Ingenious, in-jen'vus, a. Possessed of genius, or the ing or serving to inhibit; prohibitory.
faculty of inven"tion skillful or prompt to invent
: Inhospitable, Inhuman, etc. See under Inability.
proceeding from. pert, to, or characterized by inge- Inhumate, in-hu'mat, r. t. To inhume. —Inhuma'-
nuity witty well formed; well adapted.— Ingen'-
; ;
tion, 71. Act of, etc.; interment. —
Inhume', -liQm',
iousness, Ingenu'ity, -jc-nu''I-tT, n. Quality or V. t. [-HUJIED (-humd'), -HUJiiNG.] To bury, inter.
power of readv invention quickness or acuteness : Initial, in-ish'al, a. Of, or pert, to, the beginning ;

in forming new combinations curiousness in de- incipient; placed at the beginning or head (of a list
sign. —
Ingen'uous, -jen'u-us, a. Of honorable ex-
;

or series). — n. The first letter of a word.— Ini'tiate,

traction noble generous free from reserve, dis-
; ; ;
-ish'I-at, V. t. To introduce by a first act, begin; to
guise, equivocation, or dissimulation open frank; ; ;
instruct in the rudiments or principles: to introduce
artless sincere. into a society or organization, or secret ceremonies.
Ingle, in'gl, n.
;

A
fire, or fireplace. — a. Begun; commenced; incomplete, as a right,
Ingot, in'got, n. A
mass or wedge of gold or other etc.; introduced to a knowledge of. Ini'tia'tion, —
metal, cast in a mold ; a mass of unwrought metal. -ish'T-a'shun, n. Act or process of initiating; cere-
Ingraft, in-graft'', v. t. To insert, as a scion of one mony by which one is introduced into any society;
tree or plant into another for propagation to intro- introduction into the principles of anything myste-
duce to subject to the process of grafting; to set or
;

rious. —Ini'tiative, -tiv, a. Serving to initiate ini- ;

—
,

fix deenly and firmly. tiatory. V. An introductory step or movement

Ingrain, in-gran'', a. Dyed in the grain thorouo:hly ;
riffht to introduce a new measure or law, as in legis-
inwrought, as eolor. 7«(7rain carjjef —
double or A lation.— Ini'tiatory, -to-rf, a. Suitable for an in-

sttn, cQbe, fuU : moon. f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or irjk, tten, boNbON, chair, get.
 INJECT 202 INSIGHT
troduction or beginning; introductory; tending or In ''quest, -kwest, n. Act of inquiring; inquiry; quest.
serving to initiate. (Laiv.) Judicial inquiry; official examination ; a
Iigect, in-jekt'', v. t. To throw in, dart in. Iiyec'- — jury, esp. a coroner's jury. Inqnisi'tion, -zish''un, —
tion, -iek'^sliun, n. Act of injecting or tlirowing in, 11. Act of inquiring ; examination investigation.
— applied esp. to the forcible throwing in of a liq- {Law.) Judicial inquiry inquest; the finding of a ;
;

uid, or aeriform body, by a syringe, pump, etc.; jury. {Rom. Cath. Church.) tribunal for the ex- A
thing injected, esp., a liquid medicine injected into amination and punishment of heretics. Inquis'- —
a cavity' of the body. {Anat.) Act of filling the ves- itor, -kwiz'I-ter, n. One who inquii-es esp., one ;

sels of "an animal body with some colored substance, whose official duty it is to inquire and examine.
to render visible their figures and ramifications. A {Rom. Cath. Church.) member of the Court of A
preserved part of an animal body, thus injected. Inquisition. —
Inquis'ito'rial, -to''rI-al, a. Pert, to
{Steam Eng.) Act of throwing cold water'iuto a inquisition, or to the Court of Inquisition, or resem-
condenser; cold water thrown into a condenser to bling its practices. —Inquis'itive, -T-tiv, a. Apt to
produce a vacuum. —
Inject'' or, «. A person or ask questions; given to research: prying; curious.
thing that injects. Inroad, iu'rod, n. A
sudden or desultory incursion
Injoin, in-join', v. t. See Exjoix. —
Injunc'tioH, in- or invasion; irruption; encroachment.
lunk'shun, n. Act of enjoining or commanding; Insane, Insatiable, etc. See under Ixabilitv.
thing enjoined: an order; command; precept. {Laiv.) Inscribe, in-skrib', v. t. [-sckibed (-skribd''), -sckib-
A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, re- IXG.] To write or engrave, imprint; to mark with
quiring a partj' to B.o or to refrain from doing cer- letters, characters, or words to commend by a ;

tain acts. short address, less formal than a dedication; to im-

Injudicious, Injure, etc. See under Inability. print deeplj", impress. {Geom.) To draw within, as
In^, ink, n. A
colored iiuid, viscous material, or pig- one figure within another. Inscrip'tion, -skrip''- —
ment used in writing, printing, etc. v. t. [ixked shun, n. Act of inscribing thing inscribed; esp., ;

(inkt), IXKIXG.] To blacken, color, or daub with anything engraved on a solid substance for preser-
ink.— Ink'y,-T, a. Consisting of, like, or soiled with, vation or public inspection; an address or consign-
ink; black. —
Ink'hom, n. An inkstand, formerly — ment of a book to a person, as a mark of respect.
—
made of horn. Ink'stand, n. A
vessel for holding Insect, in'sekt, n. (Zobl.) An articulate animal whose
writing ink.' body is divided oy cross lines or incisions into a
Inkling, iok^'ling, n. Inclination; desire a hint or ; number of segments or rings, and in the winged or
whisper; intimation. adult state is divid-
Inlace, in-las'', v. t. [-laced (-lasf), -lacixg.] To ed into 3 distinct
work in, as lace; to lace. parts, the head,
Inland, in-'land, a. Within the land; remote from the thorax, and abdo-
sea ; interior carried on within a country
; do- ; men , has 6 legs,
mestic; drawn and payable in the same country. never more than
n. The interior part of a countrj'. 4 wings, and that
Inlay, in-la', v. t. [-l.ud (-lad'), -laying.] To in- breathes air in
sert (pieces of pearl, ivory, etc.) in a groundwork of tubes opening ex-
some other material, to form an ornameutal surface. terually by spira-
— InHay, a. Pieces of wood, ivory, etc., inlaid, or cles. A nV thing
prepared for inlaying. —
Inlay'er, n. small or contempt-
Inlet, in'let, n. A
passage by which an inclosed place ible .— Insec'tivore,
may be entered; a bay or recess in the shore of the -t t - Vo r , n. ; pi
sea, etc., or between isles, a narrow strip of water -VOEES, -vorz.
running into'the land; a creek. {Zobl.) One of an
Inly, Inmost, Inner, Inning, etc. See under Ix. order of small plan-
Inmate, iu'mat, n. One who lives in the same apart- tigrade a m mma Is
ment or house with another. that feed upon in-
Inn, in, n. A house for the lodging and entertainment sects. —
Insectiv'-
of travelers; tavern; public house; hotel; in Eng., orous, -tiv'er-us,
a college or society of students at law and barris- a. Feeding or sub-
ters, also one of the buildings containing law cham- sisting on insects j
bers. —V. t. To put under cover, shelter to aiford ; pert, to the Insecti-
lodging and entertaijiment to; to lodge. vores.
Innate, in'nat oz-in-naf, a. Inborn; native; natural; Insecure, Insensible, Insect.
originating in, or derived from, the constitution of etc. See under Ix- I, antennae; 6, eyes; c, head; d, an-
the intellect, as opp. to being jicquired from experi- .^BILITV. terior legs or arms; e, prothoras;/,
ence. —Innately, in''- or in-naf'll, adv. Xaturally. Insert, in-sert'', v. t. mesotborax; g, metathorax;
dle or central legs or arras; i. cen-
h, mid-
Innocent, InnocuouB, etc. See under Ixability. To set or place in tral wings; o, anterior orlirst wings;
Innovate, in'no-vat, v.t. To change by introducing among, introduce.
sometliiug new to introduce as a novelty.
; v. i. — Insert ''ing, n. A j, posterior legs ; A, abdomen ; I,
tibia; m, tarsus.
—
To introduce novelties. Innova'tion, n. Act of, or setting in some- ;

a change effected by, innovating; a change in cus- thing inserted or set in, as lace, etc., into garments.
toms, etc. —
In'nova'tor, n. Inser'tion, -shun, n. Act of inserting, or setting or
Innuendo, in-nu-en'do, n.; pi. -does, -doz. An ob- placing in oramon^ other things; condition of being
lique hint; remote intimation or allusion. (Law.) inserted mode, place, etc., of inserting; thing set
;

A parenthetic explanatory averment employed in in. as lace, cambric, in narrow strips, etc.
proceedings for libel or slander, to point the applica- Inset, in'set, >i. That which is set in; an insertion.
tion to persons or subjects, of the alleged defamato- Inshrine. Same as Exshrine.
ry matter. Inside, iu'sid, jprep. or adv. Within the sides of; in
Inoculate, iu-ok''u-lat, v. t. To bud to insert (the the interior; contained within. a. Being within; —
—
;

bud of a plant in another plant) for propagation. contained; interior; internal. n. The part within;
{Med.) To communicate, as a disease to a person, interior portion one who. or that which, is within,
by inserting infectious matter in his skin or flesh. — ;

or inclosed; hence, an iiiside passenger of a coach or

v.i. To graft by inserting buds; to Qpmmunicate carriage, jyl. The inward parts, entrails, bowels.
disease by inserting infectious matter. Inoc'ula''- — Insidious, in-sid'I-us, a. Lying in wait; watching an
tion, n. Act or art of inoculating. —
Inoc'ula'tor, n. opportunity to insnare or entrap; intending or in-
Inquire, in-kwir', v.i. [-QUiuED(-kwird'), -quiring.] tended to "entrap crafty wily sly designing ; ; ; ; ;

To ask a question; to make examination or investi- treacherous deceptive. {Med.) Existing without
;

gation. —
V. t. To ask about; to make inquirv re- marked symptoms; likely to elude notice; more dan-
specting. —Inquir^y, -kwir'T, ii. Act of inquiring; serous than it appears.
search for truth, iaiorniutioii, or knowledge; exam- Insight, in'' sit, n. Sight or view of the interior of
ination into facts or jirinciples: a question; query; anytliing; introspection; thorough knowledge; pow-
interrogatory; scrutiny investigation research.—
; ; er "of acute observation and deduction: discernment.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; odd, tone, 6r
 — —

INSIGNIA 203 INTACT

Insignia, in-sig''n1-a, n.pl. Badges of
office or honor; animated; excited. — In'^stinct, w.
Unconscious or
marks by which anything distinguished.
is unreasoning prompting to action; esp. the natural,
Insinuate, in-sin^u-at, v. t. To introduce gently, or unreasoning impulse in an animal, by which it is
as by a winding or narrow passage; to wind in; to guided to the performance of any action, without
introduce artfully, instill to hint, suggest by re-
; thought of improvement in the method. Instinct''- —
mote allusion to push or work one's self (into favor).
; ive, -iv, a. Prompted by instinct acting without
—
;

—V. i. To creep, wind, or flow, in to ingratiate ; reasoning, instruction, or experience. Instinct-

one's self. —
Insin'ua'tion, n. Act of insinuating; a ively, adv. By force of instinct.
creeping or winding in act of gaining favor by gen-
; Institute, in''sti-tut, v. t. To set up, establish, appoint,
tle or artful means art or power of pleasing and
; ordain; to originate, found to begin, commence, set
;

stealing on the affections; a hint; suggestion by dis- in operation. {Eccl. Law.) To invest with the spir-
tant allusion; innuendo. itual part of a benefice, or the care of souls. 71. —
Insist, in-sist', v. i. To dwell upon as a matter of Tiling instituted; established law; settled order ;
special moment; to be persistent or pressing. In- — that which is established as authoritative; precept;
sisfence, -ens, n. Quality of being urgent. maxim; principle; an institution; a literary, scien-
Insnare, in-snar'', i'. t. [-sxaeed (-snard'), -snaking.] tific, or philosophical society, pi. A
book of elements
To catch in a snare, entrap; to seduce by artifice. or principles; esp. a work containing the principles
Insolent, Insoluble, etc. See under Inabilixy. of jurisprudence; theory of medicine, esp. physiol-
Insomuch. See under In. ogy and. therapeutics, applied to the practice of
Inspect, in-spekt', v. t. To view closely and critically, medicine. — Institu'^tion, n. Act of instituting, as,
esp. in order to ascertain quality or condition, dis- establishment, foundation, enactment; or, instruc-
cover errors, etc.; to view and examine officially, as tion, education ;or {Eccl. Law), act or ceremony of
troops, arms, goods offered for sale, etc. Inspec'- — investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a
tion, -spek'shun, n. Act of inspecting; careful sur- benefice; that which is instituted or established; es-
vey; official examination; act of overseeing; super- tablished order, or method, or custom; enactment;
intendence. ordinance; an established or organized society, en-
Inspire, in-spir', v. i. J-spteed (-spIrdO, -Spieing.] dowed school, etc.; a foundation; a text-book; a sys-
To draw in breath, inhale air into the lungs; to tem of elements or rules.
breathe, blow gently. —
v. t. To breathe into, fill Instruct, in-strukf, v. t. To furnish with requisite
with the breath; to infuse by breathing, infuse into outfit or preparation; to make ready; esp., to impart
the mind; to convey, as by a superior or supernat- information to, enlighten, teach, educate, inform; to
ural influence; to affect, as with a supernatural in- furnish with directions, command, enjoin. In- —
fluence; to inhale. —
Insptra'^tion, n. Act of inspir- struct'er, -or, -er, n. —Instruct'ible, a. Capable of
ing, breathing in, infusing, etc.; inhalation: extraor- being instructed. —
Instruc'tion, n. Act of instruct-
dinary elevation of the imagination or other pow- ing, or teaching; that which instructs, as, precept,
ers of the soul; result of such extraordinary eleva- information, teachings; direction, order, command.
tion in the thoughts, emotions, or purposes inspired; — Instrucfive, -iv, a. Conveying knowledge; serv-
esp., a supernatural divine influence on the sacred ing to instruct. — In'strument, -stroo-ment, n. That
writers, by which they were qualified to communi- by means of which anything is effected, a tool,
cate truth with authority. —
Inspir'^it, -splr-'it, v. t. utensil, implement; a contrivance, by which musical
To infuse or excite spirit in, give new life to, enliv- sounds are produced. {Law.) A
writing, expressive
en, animate, cheerj^ encourage. of some act, contract, process, or proceeding. One
Inspissate, in-spis-'sat, i'. t. To thicken (fluids) bj* who, or that^which, serves a purpose. Instrument''- —
evaporation. —
a. Thic\; inspissated. al, a. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means;
Instability, etc. See under I.vability. conducive; helpful; pert, to, made by, or prepared
Install, in-stawK, v. t. [-stalled (-stawld'), -stall- for, —
musical instruments. In'strumentaKity, -t&V-
ing.] To set in a seat, give a place to; to instate in t-tl, 11. Quality or condition of being, or that which
an office, rank, or order, with ceremonies. Instal- — is, instrumental; agency. —
In'strument''ally, adv.
la'tion, n. Act of installing; esp. of instating an or- In the nature of an instrument, as means to an end;
, dained minister in a parish; institution. —Install ''-
with instruments of music. —
In'strumenta''tion, w.
ment, n. Act of installing; a part of a sum of money Act of using, or the subordination of, as an instru-
paid or to be paid at a time different from that of ment; means; agency. {Mas.) Instrumental compo-
the balance. sition; act or manner of playing upon musical in-
Instant, in ''stant, a. Pressing; urgent; importunate; struments.
earnest; closely impending in respect to time; imme- Insubordinate, Insufficient, etc. See under Inability.
diate; making no delay; quick; present; current. Insular, in^su-ler, -lary, -la-rT, a. Pert, to an island;
n. A point in duration; a moment; a particular surrounded by water. —In'^sulate, v. t. To place in
time; a day of the current mouth.— In''stai:tly,a</u. a detached situation, isolate; to prevent the transfer
Without the least delay or interval: withumency; to, or from, of electricity or heat, by the interposition
directly; immediately; at once. —
Instanta'neous, of non-conductors. — In'^sula'ted, ;;. a. Standing by
-ne-us, a. Done in an instant. —
Instanta''neously, itself. {Elec.) Separated, as a body, from others, by
adv. —
Instan'ter, «<"/?'. Immediately; without de- non-conductors of electricity. ( Thermoiics.) Sepa-
lay instantly.— In''stance, -stans, n. Quality or act
; rated, as a heated body, from other bodies, hy non-
of being instant or pressing; occasion; order of oc- conductors of heat.
currence; something cited in proof or exemplifica- Insult, in'sult, n. Gross abuse offered to another; af-
tion; a case occurring; application: example. v. t. — front; indignity; outrage; contumely. v. t. To
[-STANCED (-stanst), -STANCiNG.] To mention as an treat with abuse, insolence, or contempt, by words
example or case. or actions. —v. i. To behave with insolent triumph.
Instate, in-staf, v. t. To set or place, establish (m a Insure, in-shoor', v. t. [-sueed (-shoord''), -sueing.]
rank or condition), install. To make sure or secure esp. to secure against a pos-
;

Instead, in-sted', adv. In the stead, place, or room; sible loss or assure the contingent payment of a cer-
equivalent to; equal to. tain sum on stipulated conditions, or at a given rate
Instep, in'step, n. The arched middle portion of the or premium. — v. i. To underwrite; to practice mak-
human foot, comprising the metatarsus and part of ing insurance. —Insur^'ance, n. Act of insuring, or
the tarsus, esp. the projection on the upper side near assuring, against loss or damage; a contract where-
its junction with the leg; that part of the hind leg of by, for a consideration called a premium, one party
a horse from thejthigh to the pastern-joint. undertakes to indemnify the other against loss by
Instigate, in''stT-gat, v. t. To incite, set on, goad or certain risks or to pay a certain sura in a given con-
urge forward, stimulate, impel, animate. tingency; premium paid for insuring property or life.
Instill, in-stiK, v. t. [-stilled (-stild''), -stilling.] Insurgent, in-ser-'jent, a. Rising in opposition to law-
To pour in by drops; to infuse slowly, or by de- ful civil or political authority; insubordinate re-
—
;

grees. — Instilia^'tion, n. Act of instilling, or infus- bellious. — n. One who rises in revolt; a rebel. In-
ing by small quantities; act of infusing slowly into BUrrec'tion, -ser-rek''shun, n. A
rising against civil
the mind; that instilled or infused. or political authority; sedition; revolt; rebellion.
instinct, in-stinkf, a. Urged from within; moved; Intact, Integrity, etc. See under Inability.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f d6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbonf , chair, get.
 INTAGLIO 204 INTERLINE
Intaglio, in-taKyo, «. A
figure cut into a material, as changing; state of being mutually changed; alter-
a seal, matrix, a stone or gem in wliich a figure
etc.; nate succession barter commerce.
; ;

is cut so as to form a depression or hollow. Intercostal, in-ter-kos'tal, a. {Anat.) Placed or lying

Integument, in-te":''u-ment, n. That which naturally between the ribs.
covers another thing; esp. (Anut.), a covering whicn Intercourse, in'ter-kors, n. Connection by reciprocal
invests the body, as the skin, or a membrane that dealings between persons or nations, in common af-
invests a particuiar part. fairs and civilities, in trade, language, or coixespond-
Intellect, in''tel-lekt, n. The faculty of the human ence esp., interchange of thought and feeling ;
;

soul by which it knows, understands, or reasons, as communication familiarity sexual connection.

; ;

disting. fr. the power to feel and to will; the power Interdict, in'ter-dikt', v. t. To forbid bv order or
to judge and comprehend. Intellec'tion, ?i. Act of — charge; to prohibit or inhibit. (Eccl.) 'To cut oft'
understanding; simple apprehension of ideas; intui- from the enjoyment of communion with a church.
tion. — Intellectual, -u-al, a. Belonging to, or per- — In'terdicf, re. A
prohibition a prohibitory or- ;

formed by, the mind, mental; formed by, and exist- der or decree esp. a papal censure, prohibiting the
;

ing for, the intellect alone; perceived by the intel- performance of divine service or the administration
lect; having the power of understanding ;'having ca- or enjoyment of religious rites, to or by persons
pacity for the higher forms of knowledge or thought; named or in a specified place or region.
relating to the understanding. Intelligence, -II- — Interest, in''ter-est, v. t. To engage the attention or
jens, n. Act of knowing; the intellect as a gift or en- aft'ections of; to excite emotion or passion in, in be-
dowment; capacity for the higher functions of the half of a person or thing; to excite in behalf of an-
intellect information communicated general in-
; ;

—
other, or of some other object, —
used reflexively.
formation an intelligent being or spirit.
; Intel- n. Special attention to some object; concern; sym-
ligent, a. Endowed with the faculty of reason, or pathy; excitement of feeling, esp. of pleased or grat-
with a good intellect; well informed; sensible; skill- share, portion, ified feeling, regard, or attection ;

ful. Intel'^ligible, -iT-jt-bl, a. Capable of being advantaM, personal or general; lot; the per- part;
understood or comprehended; perspicuous; plain; sons interested in any particular business or meas-
clear. —
InteKligibleness, -ligibil'^ity, n. ure, taken collectivelj', as, the manufacturing in- —
Intend, in-tend', v. t. To fix the mind upon, as the terest. In'terested, p. a. Having an interest; con- —
object to be effected to contemplate, meditate, cerned in a cause or in consequences liable to be
purpose, mean. —
Intend'ed, n. One betrothed an
;

affected.— In 'teresting, p. a. Engaging the atten-

;

affianced lover. —
Intense'', -tens'', a. Strained tion or curiosity; exciting emotions or passions.
;

stretched tightly drawn kept on the stretch ex-

; Interest, in'ter-est, n. Premium paid for the use of
; ;

treme in degree, 'as, ardent, fervent; keen, biting; money; profit per cent, derived from money lent, or
vehement, earnest severe, violent. Intense'ness,
;
—
property used by another person, or from debts re-
-ten'sity, -sT-tl, n. State of being intense; extreme maining unpaid; any surplus advantage, or unex-
degree. {Physics Ik MechS) Effectiveness, as estimated pected advance in returning what has been received.
by results produced. Inten'sative, -tiv, a. Add- — Compound interest. That which arises from the —
ing intensity; intensifying. Inten'sify, i;. t. [-fied —
principal with the interest added; interest on inter-
—
(-fid), -FYiNG.] To render more intense. v.i. To
est. Sirupjle i. _That from the principal sum only. —
become intense, or more intense. Inten'sion, —
Interfere, in-ter-fer', v. i. [-feeed (-ierd'), -feeing.]
-shun, n. A
straining, or the state of being strained; To come in collision, clash; to take part in the con-
increase of power or energy of any quality. {Logic cerns of others, interpose, intermeddle. {Far.) To
& Metaph.) The collective attributes, qualities, or strike one foot against its opposite, so as to injure
marks that make up a complex general notion. • the flesh. {Physics.) To act reciprocally, so as to —
Inten''sive, -siv, a. Stretched, or admitting of ex- augment, diminish, or otherwise affect one another.
tension, or increase of degree; assiduous; intense. Interfer'ence, re. Act or state of interfering in- —
(^Gram.y Serving to give force or emphasis. In- —
terposition; collision clashing. {Physics.) Mutual ;
;

ten''sively, ac/w. In a manner to give force. In- influence, under certain conditions, of 2 streams of
tent', a. Having the mind strained or bent on an light, pulsations_of sound, or vibrations of any kind.
object fixed closely anxiously diligent.
; ;
—
n. Act Interfuse, in-ter-fuz', v. t. To pour or spread between,
of turning the mind toward an object; a design; pur- permeate, pervade, mix together. Interfu'sion, —
pose intention meaning object end aim. In-
; ; -zhun, n.
; mixing together.
; ; — A
tent'ly, adv. In an intent manner steadfastly Interim, in'ter-im, re. The time intervening.
; ;

eaaiestly; sedulously; diligently; eagerly. —

Inten'- Interior, in-te''rTf-er, a. Being witliin any limits, in-
tion, n. A
bending of the mind toward an object closure, or substance; internal; inner, opp. to ea-- —
closeness of application; fixed direction of the mind terior, superficial ; remote from the limits, frontier,
to a particular object, or in a particular way of act- or shore; inland. re. Internal part of a thing; the
— —
ing; object intended; state of being strained. In- inside; the inland part of a country.
ten'tional, a. Done by intention or design; in- Interject, in-ter-jekf, v. t. To throw in between; to
tended; designed. —
Inten'tionally, adv. With in- insert. Inteijec'tion, -jek'shun, n. Act of throw- —
tention; by design. ing between; a word, thrown in between words con-
Inter, in-ter'', v. t. [-teered (-terd'), -teering.] To nected in construction, to express some emotion or
deposit and cover in the earth, bury, inhume. In- passion. —
ter'ment, n. Act of, etc.; burial; sepulture. Interlace, in-ter-las', v. t. [-l\ced C-last'), -i,4ci>g.]
Interact, in-ter-akt', v. t. To act upon each other. To imite, as by lacing to-
— n. A
short act or piece between others, as in a gether; to insert or inter-
play; an interlude. pose one thing with an-
Intercede, in-ter-sed'', v. i. To act between parties, other, intermix. Inter- —
to reconcile those who differ; to plead in behalf of lacing ar ches. {Arch.)
another to interijose, mediate.
; Interces'sion, — Arches, usually circular,
-sesh'un, n. Act of interceding mediation en- ; ; so constructed that their
treaty with one party in favor of, or, less often, curves intersect or are in-
against another. —
Interces'sor, -ser, n. One who terlaced.
intercedes a mediator. {Eccl.)
; bishop, who, A Interlard, in-ter-lard'', v. t.
during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishop- To mix in, as fat with
ric till a successor is elected. lean; to diversify by mix-
Intercept, in-ter-sept', r>. t. To stop on its passage, ture, interpose, insert be- Interlacing Arches.
seize by the way; to obstruct the progress of; to in- tween.
terrupt communication with, or progress toward. Interleaf, in'ter-lef, n. A
blank leaf inserted. —In'
{Math.) To take, iiiclude, or compirehend bejween. terleave', v. t. [-leaved (-levd'), -leaving.] To
Interchange, in-ter-chanj', v. t. [-changed (-chanjd'), k leaves)
insert a leaf into; to insert (blank le, in a book,
-ciiANGiXG.] To put each in the place of the other; between other leaves.
to exchange, reciprocate; to cause to follow, or to Interline, in-ter-lln'', v. t. [-lined (-llnd'), -lining.]
alternate. — v. To change mutually; to succeed
i. al- To write in alTiernate lines; to write between lines
'

ternately. — In'terchange', n. Act of mutually already written, to add to or correct what is written.

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, Sve, terra ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 5r
 — —

INTERLINK 205 INTERVIEW

— Interlin''eal, -lln''e-al, -ear, -e-er, a. Written or or interceding; act of demanding explanations from
inserted between other lines. Inter lin'ea'' tion, ?i. — a minister, etc.
Act of interlining; a passage, word, or line inserted Interpolate, in-ter''po-lat, v. t. To insert (a spurious
between lines before written or printed. word or passage) in a manuscript or book ; to foist
Interlink, in-ter-link'', v. t. [-linked (-UnktO. -link- in ; to alter or corrupt by the insertion of foreign
ing.] To connect by uniting links. matter esp. to change by the insertion of matter
;

Interlocation,in-ter-lo-ka''shun, n. placing between; A that is new or foreign to the author's purpose.

interposition. {Math.) To fill up intermediate terms of (a series)
Interlock, in-ter-lok'', v. i. [-locked (-lokf), -lock- according to the law of the series. Inter'pola'- —
IXG.] To unite, embrace, communicate with, or flow tion, n. Act of, etc. ; a spurious word or passage
into one another. v. t. —
To unite by locking to- in the genuine writings of an author. {Math.) The
gether. operation of finding from a few given terms of a
Interlocution, in-ter-lo-ku''shun, n. Dialogue; con- series, other intermediate terms in conformity with
ference. {Law.') An intermediate act or decree be- the law of the series. —
Inter''pola'tor, -ter, n.
fore final decision. Intermediate argument or dis- Interpose, in-ter-poz'', v. t. [-posed (-pozd''), -pos
cussion, —
Interloc'utor, -lok''u-ter, n. One who ING.] To place between; to intrude (an obstruction,
speaks in dialogue, or takes part in a conversation. interruption, or inconvenience) to offer (aid or
— Interloc'utory, -to-rl, a. Consisting of dialogue. services); to intervene, mediate, interfere, intermed-
:

{Law.) Intermediate not final or definitive. ; dle. — V. i. To step in between parties at variance;
Interlope, in-ter-lop'', v. i. [-loped (-lopt''), -loping.] put in by way of interruption. Interpos''er, n. —
To traffic without a proper license; to forestall; to — In'teEposi-'tion, -zish-'un, n. being, placing, or A
—
prevent right. Interlop''er, ?i. One who interlopes coming between; intervention; intervenieut agency;
or runs into business to which he has no right; one mediation; thing interposed.
who interferes officiously. Interpret, in-ter''pret, v. t. To explain the meaning
Interlude, in-'ter-lud, n. A
theatrical entertainment of, expound to free from mystery or obscurity,
—
;

between acts of a play or between the play and af- make clear, unfold. Inter'preta'tion, n. Act of
terpiece. {Mm.) A
short piece of instrumental interpreting, expounding, or explaining transla- ;

music played between the parts of a song or hymn. tion ; version; sense given by an interpreter; expo-
Intermarry^ in-ter-mar''rl, v. t. [-PvIed (-rid), -kying.] sition ; meaning sense power of explaining.
; ;

To become connected (as families, tribes, classes, Interregnum, in-ter-reg''num, n. The time a throne
etc.) by marriage. —
Intermar''riage, -rij, n. Act of, is vacant between the death or abdication of a king
or state of being, etc. and the accession of his successor ; period during
Intermediate, in-ter-me'dt-at, a. Lying or being in which the executive branch of a government is in-
the middle place or degree between 2 extremes; in- terrupted.
tervening; interjacent. v.i. To intervene, inter- Interrogate, in-ter-'ro-gat, v. t. To question formally,
pose. —Interme'dial, -dl-al, -diary, -dl-a-rl, a. l,j- examine by asking questions, inquire. v. i. To —
ing between; intermediate. ask questions. —
Inter'roga''tion, ?j. Act of, etc.;
Interment. See under Inter. question put inquiry a point, mark, or sign, thus
; ;

Intermingle, in-ter-min''gl, v. t. [-mingled (-min'- [?], indicating that the sentence immediately pre-
gld), -gling.] To mingle or mix together, intermix. ceding it is a question. Interrog''ative, -rog^a- —
— V. I. To he mixed or incorporated. tiv, a. Denoting a question; expressed in the form
Intermit, in-ter-mit', v. t. To cause to cease for a of a question. n. (Gram.) — word used in ask- A
time to interrupt, suspend. v. i. To cease for a — —
ing questions. Interrog''atively, adv. In the form
;

time to disappear or relax at intervals, as a fever.

; of a question. —
Inter'roga'tor, -ter, n. One who,
— Intermit'' tent, a. Ceasing at intervals. n. {Med.) — etc. — Interrog''atory, -a-to-rl, n. question or in- A
A disease which apparently subsides or ceases at cer- quiry. —a. Containing or expressing a question.
tain intervals. — Intermit^tingly, adv. With inter- Interrupt, in-ter-rupt', r. t. To stop or hinder by
mission. —
Intermia'sion, -mish''un, n. Cessation breaking in upon the course or progress of; to inter-
for a time: an intervening period of time; temporary fere with the motion of to break the even surface ;

pause ; interval pause stop ; rest. {Med.) The

; ; or uniform order of. —
Interrup''tion, -rup'^shun, n.
temporary cessation or subsidence of a disease; time Act of, etc.; obstrviction caused by breaking in upon
between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermis'- — any course, current, progress, or motion; hindrance;
sive, -siv, a. Coming by fits, or after temporary stop cessation intermission.
; ;

cessations. Intersect, in-ter-sekt', v. t. To cut into or between ;

Intermix, in-ter-miks'', v. t. [-mixed (-miksf), -mix- divide into parts. v. i. —
To cut into one another,
ing.] To mix together, intermingle. v.i. To be meet and cross each other. Intersec'tion, n. "Act, —
mixed together, be intermingled. Intermixfure, — state, or place of intersecting. {Geom.) 'The point
-miks'^chur, n. A
mass formed by mixture; admix- or line in which 2 lines or planes cut each other.
ture; something additional mingled in amass. Intersperse, in-ter-spers'', v. t. [-speesed (-sperst''),
Intern, in-tern', v. t. [-terned (-ternd''), -terning.] -SPERSiNG.] To scatter or set here and there among
To put for safe custody in the interior of a country; other things.
to confine to one locality. Inter'^nal, a. Inward — ; Interstice, in'ter- or in-ter''stis, n. space between A
interior; beneath the surface; not external; derived 2 things or parts: esp. a narrow space between things
from, or dependent on, the object itself pert, to its closely set, or the parts which compose the body ;
own affairs or interests, said of a country, domes-— ;

chink ; crack
.crevice cranny.
; Intersti''tial, ;
—
tic, as opp. to ./oreij/>i —
intrinsic; real; pert, to the
,•
-stish'^al, a. Pert, to, or containing, interstices.
heart, thoughts, or inner being. Inter'nally, adv. — Interval, in''ter-val, ?i. A
space between things; space
Inwardly ; beneath the surface ; mentally ; spiritu- ot time between events, or between 2 paroxysms of
ally. disease, pain, or delirium. {Mus.) Difference in
International, in'ter-nash''un-al, a. Pert, to the re- pitch between any 2 tones. fertile tract of low A
lations of or affecting 2 or more nations. — n. so- A or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of
cialistic association for promoting industrial reforms rivers. [In this sense written also inter xyile.']
through political combinations; a member of the as- Intervene, in-ter-veu'', v. i. [-vened (-vend''), -ven-
sociation. — Interna'' tionalist, n. A member of, etc. ING.J To come or be between persons or things to ;

Internecine, in-ter-ne''siii, a. Mutually destructive; occur, fall, or come between points of time or
deadly accompanied with great mutual slaughter. events to happen in a way to disturb, cross, or in-
— ;

Interne''cive, -siv, «. Killing; tending to kitl. terrupt

;

to undertake an' action voluntarily for

Interoceanic, in-ter-o' she-an^'ik, a. Between oceans. another.
;

—
Interven''tion, -veil'' shun, w. Act of
Interpeal, in-ter-peK, -peK, -peK, v. t. To interrupt, intervening interposition interference that may
; ;

disturb, break in upon to interfere with, urge by

— ; aifect the interests of others, esp. of one or more —
way of intercession. Interpellate, -\a,t,v.t. To states with the affairs of another. {Civil Law.) The
question (a minister or executive otficer) in explana- act by which a third person, to protect his own in-
tion of his actions, —
generally on the part of a legis- terest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pend-
lative body. — In''terpella''tion, n. Act of interrupt- ing between other parties.
ing interruption act of interfering, interposing.
; ; Interview, in''ter-vu, n. meeting, esp. for confer- A
sJin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, liieni boNboN, chair, get.
 INTERVOLVE 206 INVERT
ence on an important subject; consultation; conver- to each other; preliminary matter; preface; a formal
sation. —
V. t. To have an interview with to con- ;

— preliminary treatise; esp. a treatise introductory to

verse with, to obtain information for publication. other treatises, or to a course of study. —
Introduc''-
In'terviewer, n. One who effects an interview, to tory, -to-rt, a. Serving to introduce something else
obtain information, etc. previous; preliminary; prefatorj'.
Intervolve, in'ter-volV, v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), Introspect, in-tro-spekf, v. t. To look into or within,
-VOLVING.] To involve one within another. view the inside of.— Introspec''tive,-tiv, a. Inspect-
Interweave, in-ter-wev', v. t. [imp. -wove (-wov'), ing within; seeing inwardlv.
-WOVEN -WEAVING.] To Weave together, unite in
; Intrude, in-trood', v. i. To thrust one's self in; to en-
texture or construction to intermix, set among or
; ter, unwelcome or uninvited, into company to force ;

together to intermingle, connect closely.

; one's self in without permission. v. t. To thrust
Intestate, etc. See under Inability. in, or cause to enter-without right or welcome to ;

Intestine, in-tes-'tin, a. Internal inward depend- ; : force or cast in; to obtrude, encroach, infringe, tres-
ing upon the internal constitution subjective in- pass. {Geol.) To cause to penetrate, as into the clefts
;

—
;

ternal with regard to a state or countrv domestic, ; or fissures of rocks. Intru'sion, -zhun, n. Act of
—
not foreign, applied usually to that which is evil. intruding; entrance without invitation, right, or wel-
n. j{Anat.) The convoluted membranous canal or come; encroachment. {Geol.) The penetrating of
tube extending from the pylorus to the anus. pi. one rock, while melted, into cavities of other rocks.
The bowels; entrails; viscera. iLaiv.) The entry of a stranger, after a particular
lathrall, in-thrawK, v. t. [-thralled (-thrawld'), estate of freehold is determined, before the heir in
-LING.] To reduce to bondage or servitude to en- remainder or reversion. — Intru'sive, -siv, a. Tend-
slave. —
Inthrall'ment, n. Act of, or state of being,
;

ing or apt to intrude; entering without right or wel-

etc.; servitude; slavery; bondage. come.
Inthrone. Same as Enthrone. Intrust, in-trust', v. t. To deliver in trust, confide to
Intimate, in'tt-met, a. Innermost; inward; internal; the care of, commit, consign.
near close close in friendship or acquaintance Intuition, in-tu-ish''un, n. An act of immediate
;

familiar. — ;

n. A familiar friend or associate. la^- — ;

knov/ledge, as in perception or consciousness a ;

timac5r, -ma-st, n. State of being intimate; close fa- truth that cannot be acquired by, but is assumed in,
miliarity or fellowship. experience. —Intu'itive, -t-tiv," a. Seeing clearly;
Intimate, in^'tTf-mat, v. t. To suggest obscurely, in- knowing by intuition; received or obtained by intu-
directly, or not very plainly to give slight notice ition.
of, hint. —
Intima'^tion, n. Act of intimating; hint.
;

Intwine, in-twin'', v. t. [-•nviNED (-twind''), -twin-

Intimidate, in-tim'I-dat, v. t. To make timid or fear- ing.] To twine or twist into, or together; to wreathe.
ful ; to inspire with fear, dishearten, dispirit, abash, Intwist, in-twisf, v. t. To twist into or together.
terrifv. Inundate, iu-un''dat, v. t. To overflow, deluge, flood;
Into. See under In. to fill with an overflowing abundance or superfluity.
Intolerable, Intractable, etc. See under Inability. — Inunda^'tion, n.. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a
Intomb, in-toom'', v. t. [-tombed (Ttoomd'), -tomb- flood; spreading of water over low grounds; super-
ing.] To deposit in a tomb to bury. ; fluous abundance.
Intone, in-ton'', v. i. [-toned (-tond'), -toning.] To Inure, in-ur'', r. t. [-ured (-urd''), -uring.] To apply
utter a sound give forth a deep, protracted sound to or expose in practice till use gives little or no incon-
chant. — ;

1\ t. To utter with a musical or prolonged

;

venience; to harden, habituate, accustom. v. i. To —

tone to chant.
;
—
In'^tonate, -nat, v. i. To sound the take or have effect; to be applied; to serve to the
tones of the musical scale; to practice solmization; to use or benefit of. Inure''ment, n. Use; habit; prac- —
read, as in liturgical services, in a musical manner. tice; custom.
Intona''tion, n. (3his.) Act of sounding the tones Inum, in-ern'', v. t. F-urned (-ernd''), -ukning.] To
of the musical scale; peculiar quality of a voice or put in an urn. To Dury, inter, intomb.
musical instrument as regards tone. Act or manner Invade, in-vad'', t'. t. To enter with hostile intentions,
of modulating the voice; esp. act of reading (a litur- attack; to infringe, encroach on, violate. Inva'sion,
gical service) with a musical accentuation and tone. -zhun,n. Act of encroaching upon the rights or pos-
Intoxicate, in-toks'I-kat, v. t. To make drunk, in- sessions of another; hostile entrance into the domains
ebriate to exhilarate or stupefy with alcoholic or
; of another; a raid; attack of any foe, or anything
narcotic poisons; to excite to a kind of delirium. — a. hurtful or pernicious.— Inva''sive, -siv, a. Tending
Overexcited, as with joy, grief, etc. Intox'ica''tion, —
to invade; aggressive.
n. State of being intoxicated; act of making drunk; Invalid, Invariable, etc. See under Inability.
elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or mad- Invaluable, in-vaKu-a-bl, a. Precious beyond any as-
ness; drunkenness; infatuation; delirium. signable value; inestimable.
Intreat. See Entreat. Inveigh, in-va'', v. i. [-veighed (-vad''), -veighixg.]
Intrench, in-trench', v. t. [-trenched (-trenchf), To exclaim or rail against, utter invectives to ex- ;

-trenching.] To surround with a trench, as in press reproach. Invec'tive, -tiv, n. A severe or vio-
fortification; to fortify with a ditch and s>arap_et; to lent utterance of censure; harsh accusation abuse;
make hollows or trenches in or upon. %y. i. To reproach. a. — Satirical; abusive; vituperative. — ;

invade, encroach. —
Intrench'ment, n. Act of in- Inveigle, in-ve''gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To
trenching. (31il.) A trench or ditch dug out for a persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flat-
defense against an enenij'; earth thrown up in mak- tery; to entice, seduce, wheedle.
ing such a ditch;ji slight field-work. Invent, in-vent'', v. t. To discover, commonly by
Intricate, in''trT-kat, a. Entangled involved_; per- study or inquiry; to find out; to make, contrive, de-
;

plexed; complicated; obscure. Intrigue'', -treg', n. —vise, frame. Inven'tion, -shun, n. Act of finding
A complicated plot or scheme to effect some pur- out; contrivance of that which did not before exi^^t;
pose by secret artifices the plot of a play or ro-
; thing invented; an original contrivance; power of
mance; illicit intimacy between two persons of dif- inventing. Invent''ive, -iv, a. Able to invent quick
— —
— —
;

ferent sexes; jimour; liaison; libertinism. v. i. [in- at contrivance. Invent''or, -er, n. [L.] In'ven-
trigued (-tre^d'), -triguing.] To form a plot or tory, -to-rT, n. A list of the property of which a per-
scheme, usually complicated, and intended to effect son or estate is found to be possessed, or of property
some purpose by secret artifices; to carry on an assigned or conveyed a priced list or schedule of ;

amour, have illicit commerce with a person of the movables on hand, as the goods of a merchant, etc.;
opposite sex. register; roll; schedule. v.t. [inventoried (-to- —
Intrinsic, in-trin-'sik, -sical, a. Inward internal rid), -RYiNG.] To make an inventory of; to insert or
;

true; genuine; real; essential; inherent. register in an account of goods.

Introduce, in-tro-dus'', v. t. [-duced (-dust''), -du- Invert, in-verf, v. t. To turn over, put upside down,
CiNG.] To lead, bring, conduct, or usher, in to in- place in a contrary order, give a contrary direction
sert, put in; to bring to be acquainted to present to. ;
;

(Miis.) To change the position of, said of —

to bring into notice or practice to produce, cause tones which form a chord, or parts which compose
—
;

to exist; to open to notice, begin. Introduc'tion, ?i. —

harmony. In vert, w. (Arch.) An inverted arch.
"^

Act of introducing, esp. of making persons known Invert'^ed, p. a. Chahged in order; reversed. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, ffire ; 6nd, eve, term ; In. ice ; 5dd. tone. 6r
 — —— I — — —

INVEST 207 IRRATIONAL

(Geol.) Situated apparently in reverse order, as '

of clauses between the subject and the verb, in a

strata when folded back upon themselves by up- way which involves or complicates the construction,
heaval, etc. Lurch. {Arch.) An arch placed with {Math.) Act or process of raising a quantity to any
power assigned. —
Invo-
lu'cre, -ker, n. {Bot.) A
whorl or set of bracts
around a flower, umbel,
or head.—Involucel,
-voKu-sel or iii'vo-hi'
A
sel, n. {Bot.) partial
or small involucre.
In wall, in-'wawK, r. t.
_,^^^
S^S^t- W«
» .
II t /
^^ ,

Inverted Arches. [-WALLED (-wawld'),

-LING.] To inclose or for-
crown downward, or with its intrados below the tify with a wall.
axis or springing line. —
Inverse', -vers'', a. Oppo- Inward, Inwardly, etc. See ., , ^ r ,
site in order or relation; reciprocal. {Bot.) Ijivert-. under Ix. a. Involucre; o, Involucel.
ed: having a position or mode of attachment the Iodine, i'o-din or -din, n. {Chem.) An irritant poison,
reverse of that which is usual. {Math.) Opposite in much used, in medicine : it is a grayish or bluish-black
nature and eifect. —
Inverse'ljr, adv. In an invert- solid, of metallic luster, chiefly obtained from ashes
—
ed order or manner. Inver'sion, n. Act of invert- of sea-weed at 347^ of Fahrenheit, it bejiomes a violet
:

ing; a complete change of order; reversed position.. vapor, whence its name. —
I'odate, -dat, ?i. com- A
( Gram.) A
change of the usual order of words. pound of iodic acid with a base. I'odide, -did, n.
Invest, in-vest'', v. t. To put garments on, clothe, Anon-acid compound of iodine with a metal or
dress, array; to endow, confer, give; to clothe, as other substance.
with office or authority; to grace, bedeck. {Mil.) To Ionian, i-o'nT-an, lon^ic, a. Pert, to Ionia, in Greece,
inclose; to surround, so as to intercept succors and' or to the lonians.
prevent escape; to lay siege to. To place (propertv) Iota, i-o'ta, n. A
tittle; a very small quantity or de-
—
!

so that it will be safe and yield a profit. v. i. I'o gree; a jot.

make an investment.— Invest'ment, n. Act of in- Ipecac, ip'e-kak, Ip'ecac'uan'ha, -u-an^a, n. {Bot.
vesting; that with which anj^ one is invested; a vest- & Med.) The dried root, or an extract of the root, of
ment; the laying out of money in the purchase of several S. Amer. plants, esp. of one growing in Bra-
property, usually of a permanent nature: amount zil, used as an emetic, also as a sudorific and expec-
invested, or that in which it is invested. {Mil.) Act torant, and, in small doses, to check vomiting.
of surrounding or besieging by an armed force. In- Ire, ir, ?«. Anger; wrath; keen resentment. [F.; L.
vestor, -er, n. ira.l —
Ire'ful, -ful, a. Full of ire wroth. Iras''- ; —
Investigate, in-ves'tY-gat, v. t. To follow up, pur- cible, i-ras'l-bl, a. Susceptible of anger; easily pro-
sue, search' into. —
Inves'tiga'tion, n. Act of inves- voked: irritable. —
Iras^cibleness, -cibil'ity, n.
tigating; research; study; ing[uiry. Inves'tiga'tor, — Iras'cibly, adv. —
Irate', -rat', a. Angry; enraged.
-ter, 11. One who seajches diligently into a subject. Iris, i'ris,H. ; E. pZ. Ikises, -ez; Z. pi. Irides, ir'l-dez.
Inveterate, in-vet'er-at, a. Firmly established by . The rainbow ; an appearance resembling the rain-
long continuance obstinate deep-rooted having
; ; ; bow. {Anat.) A
colored membrane at the anterior
habits fixed by long continuance; confirmed; habit- part of the eye in the midst of the aqueous humor,
ual.— Invet'erateness, -eracy, -a-sl, n. Obstinacy and perforated bj- a circular opening called the pu-
confirmed by time. pil see Eye. {Bot.) Flower-de-luce
: a tuberous ;

Invidious, in-vid^I-us, a. Enviable; desirable; likely or bulbous-rooted plant, of the flag family, of many
to incur ill-will or provoke envy; hateful. varieties, some of which produce flowers of exquisite
Invigorate, in-vig-'or-at, v. t. To give vigor to, beauty, and one furnishes orris root. Irides'cent,
strengthen, animate. -des'ent, a. Having colors like the rainbow. Ir- — —
Invincible, Invisible, etc. See under I>'ability. ides'cence, -sens, n. Exhibition of colors, etc.
Invite, in-vit'', v. t. To ask, request; esp. to ask to Irid'iiun, -T-um, n. {Chem.) One of the metals, the
an entertainment or visit; to allure, tempt to come, heaviest of known substances.
attract, entice. — v. i. To call to anything pleasing. Irish, i'rish, a. Pert, to, or produced in, Ireland.
— Invita'tion, n. Act of inviting the requesting —n. pi. The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, sing.
one's company to visit, to dine, or to
;

accompany one The language of the Irish, a species of Celtic. —

to any
place. Irk, erk, v. t. [irked (erkt), ikkixg.] To weary,
Invoice, in'vois, w. {Com.) A
list or account of goods —
give pain to, used impersonally. Irk'some, -sum, —
or merchandise sent to a purchaser, consignee, etc., a. 'Wearisome; tiresome; giving uneasiness.
with prices and charges annexed: bill of parcels. v. Iron, i'ern, n. {Min.) The most common and useful of
t. [INVOICED (-voist), -VOICING.] To make a written the metals, being gray in color, hard, malleable, duc-
account of, as goods; to insert in a priced list. tile, and susceptible of polish: according to the meth-
Invoke, in-vok', v. t. [-voked (-vokf), -voking.] To od of manufacture and proportion of carbon with
call for or ask, invite earnestly or solemnlv; to ad- which it is combined, it forms wrought iron, cast iron,
dress in prayer. —
Invoca'tion, ii. Act of addressing and steel. An instrument or utensil made of iron.
in prayer; form or act of calling for the assistance or nl.Fetters; chains: manacles. a. Made of iron; —
presence of any being, esp. of some divinity. (Law.) like iron in color, hardness, strength, etc. inflexible;
A call or summons; esp., a judicial call, demand, or hard unrelenting binding fast ; impenetrable.
; ;
;

—
order. v.t. [ironed (-ernd), ironing.] To smooth with
Involve, in-volv', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -VOLV- an instrument of iron; esp. to smooth with a heated
IN G.] To roll up, intwine, wind round; to envelop in flat-iron ; to shackle with irons, fetter or handcuff; to
anything which exists on all sides to complicate'or ;
—
arm with iron. I'rony, -ern-I, a. Made, or partak-
make intricate; to connect by waj' of natural con- ing of, iron; hard.
sequence or effect; to include by rational or logical Irony, i'run-T, n. A
kind of ridicule which exposes
construction, comprise, contain; to overwhelm, em- the errors of others bj' seeming to adopt or defend
barrass; to take in, catch, entangle, implicate, blend. —
them; dissimulation; satire. Iron'ic, -ron'ik, -ical,
{Math.) To raise to anj' assigned power, multiply in- a. Pert, to, containing, or expressing, irony ; ex-
to itself. —Involv'edneis, n. State of being involVed. pressing one thing and meaning the opposite.
— Involve'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Irradiate, ir-ra'dl-at, v. t. To cast a bright light upon,
In' volute, -vo-ltit, n. {Geom.) A
curve traced by the illuminate; to animate by light or heat. a. Adorned —
,

end of a string wound upon another curve, or un- with brightness. —

Irra'dia'tion, ?*. Act of emitting
—
wound froin it, called also evolvent. See Evolute. beams of light; thing irradiated illumination. ( OptT)
—
;

In'volute, -lu'ted, a. {Bot.) Rolled inward from Apparent enlargement of brilliant objects bej^ond
the edges. — Involu'tion, n. Act of involving; state their proper bounds.
of being involved; complication; that in which any- Irrational, ir-rash'un-al, a. IVot rational; void of rea-
thing is involved; envelope. (Gram.) The insertion son or understanding; contrary to reason; absurd."

sun, cube, full ; moon, f(5&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNbox, chair, get.
 IRRIGATE 208 ISSUE
foolish; preposterous; unreasonable. {Math.) Not su.sceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal,
capable of being exactly expressed by an intejrral and mechanical agents; a morbid and excessive vital
number, or by a vulgar fraction. Irreclaiin''able, — susceptibility to the influence of natural, medicinal,
-klani''a-bl, a. Incapable of being reclaimed. Ir- — and mechanical agents; the general vital activity of
rec'oncil''alile, -siKa-bl, a. Incapable of being rec- any and every part of the living animal body,
onciled, or appeased; implacable; incapable of being whether in health or disease. — Ir'ritant, a. Irri-
made to agree or harmonize; incongruous; incom- tating. — n. That which in any way causes pain,
patible; inconsistent.— Irrecov'erable, -kuv'er-a-bl, heat, or tension. — Irrita'tion, n. Act of, or state of
a. Not capable of being recovered, restored, reme- being, etc.; undue excitement; esp., excitement of
died, or regained; irreparable; irretrievable; irreme- anger or passion; provocation; exasperation; anger.
diable; incurable. —
Irredeem''able, a. Not redeem- {Physiol.) A normal and appropriate action of an or-
able; not subject to be paid at the nominal value, as gan or part of an organized being under appropriate
a note or bill of indebtedness. Irredu'^cible, -du'-— stimulus or conditions of action a vitiated and ab- ;

6T-bl, a. Incapable of being reduced, or brought normal sensation or action, or both in conjunction,
into a different state or form of expression. —Irref- produced by natural, medicinal, or mechanical
ragable, -ra-ga-bl, a. Not refragable not to be re- ; agents. —
Ir^'rita'tive, -tiv, Ir'ritatory, -ri-ta-to-rY,
futed; incontrovertible; vmanswerable unquestion- a. Serving to excite or irritate; accompanied with,
able undeniable.
;
—
Irrefutable, ir-ref''u-ta- or ir're-
;

or produced bj', increased action or irritation.

fufa-bl, a. Incapable of being refuted or disproved. Irruption, ir-rup'shun, n. A
breaking, or sudden,
— Irreg'ular, -u-ler, a. Not regular not according ; violent rushing anto a place a suddem incursion. ;

to common form or rules, to established principles Irrup'tive, -tiv, a. Rushing in or upon.

or customs, to nature or the usual operation of nat- Is, iz, V. i. The 3d pers. sing, of the substantive verb,
ural' laws, to the rules of art, or to rules of moral rec- in the indicative mood, present tense.
titude; not straight; not uniform; abnormal; anom- Isagon, i'^sargon, n. {Math.) A
figure whose angles
alous erratic eccentric unsettled ; variable dis- are equal. —
I'sochroinat''ic, -kro-mafik, a. {Opt.)
; ; ;

orderly; intemperate; vicious. (Gram.) Deviating

;

Having the same color, —

applied to 2 rings, curves,^
from the ordinary form in respect to the inflectional or lines, having the same color or tint. Isoch'^ronal,
terminations. —
Irreg'ularly, adv. Irreg^ular^'ity, — -sok''ro-nal, -ronous, -nus, a. Uniform in time; of
-u-iar''t-tt, n. State of being or that which is, irreg- equal time performed in equal times.
; Isomefric, —
ular; deviation from symmetry, or established form, -rical, a. Pert, to, or characterized by, equality of
custom, or rule devia^tion from moral rectitude; an
; measure. —
Isometrical projection. A method of de-
act of vice. IrreKative, -a-tiv, a. Not relative; with- lineating machines, buildings, etc., in which the
out mutual relations; unconnected. IrreKevant, — ground-plan and elevations are shown
-e-vant, a. Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent. in one view,." planes being projected at
— IrreKevancy, -van-sT, n. Quality of not being ap- an equal angle upon a single plane. —
plicable, or of not serving to aid and support. Ir- — I'sopod, -so-pod, n. {Zo'61.) species A
relig'ion, -re-lij'un, )i. Want of religion, or con- of crustacean whose _legs are alike.
tempt of it ;'iingodliness ; worldliness ; impiety.— — Isos''celes, -sos'se-lez, a. {Geom.)
Irrelig'^ious, -lij'us, a. Destitute of religion; impi- Having only 2 legs or sides that are
ous ungodly indicating a want of religion ; pro- equal, — said of a triangle. See Tei-
;

fane; wicked. —;

Irroine''diabl6, -me-'dl-a-bl, a. Not ANGLE. I'sotherm, -therm, n. {Phys.

to be remedied, cured, corrected, or redressed. -=- Geo/).) An imaginary line over the
Irremov'able, -moov'a-bl, a. Not removable im- ; earth's surface passing through points
movable.— Irrep'arable, -a-ra-bl, a. Not reparable; having the same mean annual tem-
not capable of being recovered or regained. Irre- — perature. — Isotherm ''al, a. Having
press'ible, -pres't-bl, a. Not capable of being re- reference to the geographical distribu-
pressed, restrained, or controlled. — Irreproach''able, tion of temperature, as exhibited by
•-proch''a-bl, a. Incapableof being justly reproached: means of isotherms; having the nature Isopod.
iree from blame; upright. Irresistible, a. Inca- of an isotherm; illustrating the distribution of tem-
pable of being successfully resisted or opposed. — perature by means of a series of isotherms.
Irres''ol'able, -rez'o-lu-bl, a. Incapable of being dis- Ischiatic, is-kT-afik, a. Pert, to the hip.
solved, sei; free, or resolved into parts. Irres''olute, — Ishmaelite, ish-'ma-el-it, n. A
descendant of Ishmael,
-rez''o-lut, a. Not resolute ; not decided ; given to whose hand was against every man; one at war with
doubt; wavering; vacillating; undecided; unsettled; society; an outlaw; outcast.
unstable. —
IrreE'clu'tion, -rez'o-lu'^shun, n. Want Isinglass, i'zin-glas, n. A
semi-transparent, whitish
of resolution or decision; fl^uctuation of mind; irres- form of gelatine, chiefly. prepared from the sounds
oluteness. —
Irresolv'able, -re-zolv'a-bl, a. Inca- or air-bladders of sturgeons; sheets of mica, popu- —
pable of being resolved. —
Irrespect''ive, -spekfiv, larly so called.
a. Not having respect or regard to. Irrespon'si- Islam, iz'lam, n. The religion of Mohammed ; the
We, a. Not responsible; not liable or able to answer whole body of his followers. Is'lamism, -izm, n. —
for consequences; not to be trusted. Irretriev'^- — The faith or creed of, etc.; Mohammedism; Mahom-
able, -trev'-a-bl, a. Not retrievable irreparable. ;
— etanism.
Irrev'erent, a. Not reverent; not entertaining or Island, iKand, ?i. A
tract of land surrounded by wa-
manifesting due regard to the Supreme Being; want- ter; a floating mass, resembling an island. v. t. To —
ing in respect to superiors proceeding from or ex- ; cause to become an island, as bj' surrounding with
pi-essive of irreverence. —
Irrev'erence, 7i. Absence water to surround, insulate.
— ;

An — To cause
— IsKet, iKet,to become an
or defect of reverence. Irrevers'ible, -vers'T-bl, a. Isle,il, n. island. v. t.
Incapable of being reversed; irrevocable; irrepeala- island, or like an island. n. A little
ble unchangeable.
;
—
Irrev'ocable, -o-ka-bl, a. In- isle.
capable of being recalled or revoked. Irrev'oca- Ism, izm, n. A
doctrine or theory, esp. used contemp-
bly, adv. Beyond recall ;.in a manner precluding tuously; a specious, but wild or visionary theory.
recall or reversion. Isochronal, Isosceles, etc. See under Isagon.
Irrigate, ir''rT-gat, v. t. To water, wet, moisten; to Isolate, is''o-lat, v. t. To place in a detached situation,
water (land) by causing water from a stream to flow place by itself, insulate. {Chem.) To separate from
over it in many artificial channels. Irrig»''tion, n. — other substances; to obtain in a i)ure state. Is'ola'- —
Act of, etc. esp. the operation of causing water to
; tion, n. State of being isolated.
ilow over lands, for nourishing plants. Israelite, iz'- or is''ra-el-it, ??. A descendant of Israel,
Irritate, ir''rt-tat, v. t. To excite heat and redness in or Jacob; a Jew. —
Is'raelit'ic. -tfik, Is'raeUt'ish,
(the skin or flesh of animal bodies, as bj' fi-iction); -it''isli, a. Pert, to Israel; Jewish; Hebrew.
to fret; to increase the action or violence of; to ex- Issue, ish'shoo, «. Act of passing or flowing out; a
cite anger in, tease, provoke, exasperate. {Pht/siol.) moving out of any inclosed place; egress; act of
To produce irritation in.— Ir'^ritable, a. Capable of sending out; delivery; that which passes, flows, or is
being, etc.; easily inflamed or exasperated. Ir'^rita- — issued or sent out, —
as, the whole quantity sent
biKity, n. Quality of being easily irritated; suscepti- forth or emitted at one time; or, ultimate result or
bility to excitement. {Physiol.) healthful vital A end; or, progeny, a child or children, offspring; or,

am, fame, far, pass w opera, fS,re j Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 5r 5
 —— — —

ISTHMUS 209 JACKAL

produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, printed from such type, as an emphatic word or
or other property; evacuation; discharge; a flux or sentence. —
ItaKicize, -t-slz, v. t. [-cized (-sizd),
running. {Med.) An artificial ulcer designed to To print in Italic; to underline a written
-cizixG.]
promote a secretion of pus. {Law.) In pleadino;, word, etc.
a single material point of law or fact depending fn Itch, ich, n. An eruption of small, isolated, acumi-
the suit, which, being afhrmed on the one side and nate vesicles, produced by the entrance of a para-
denied on the other, is presented for determina- sitic animal, and attended with itching the sensa- ;

tion. Any point in debate or controversy on which' tion in the skin occasioned by the disease a constant
—
;

the parties occupy affirmative and negative posi- irritating desire. y. I. [itched (icht), itching.]
tions ; the presentation of alternatives between To feel a particular uneasmess in the skin, which in-
which to decide.— r. i. [issued (-shood), -suing.] clines one to scratch the part to have a constant
To pass or flow out, go out, rush out to proceed, ; desire. Itch''y, -I, a. Infected with, the itch.— ;

as from a source, or as progeny to be produced Item, i'tem, adv. Also at the same time.
; n. An ;
—
as an effect or result to arise', proceed.
; {Legal article; a separate particular in an account. v.t.
Pleadings.) To come to a point intact or law, on [itemed (-temd), iteming.] To make anote or
which the parties join and rest the decision of the memorandum of. luteinize, v. t. [-ized (-izd). -iz- —
cause. To close, end, terminate. v. t. To send ING.] —
To set forth in detail, or item by item.
out, put into circulation; to deliver for use; to send Iterate, It'er-at, v. t. To utter or do a second time;
out, deliver by authority. to repeat. Itera''tion, n. Recital or performance a —
Isthmus, is'mus, Ji. ;yj?. -MUSES, -ez. {Geog.) neck A
second time; repetition. —Iferative, -tiv, -erant, a.
or narrow strip of Innd by which 2 continents are Repeating.
connected, or by wliicha peninsula is united to the Itinerat», i-tin'er-at, v. i. To travel from place to
main land. place, esp., to preach, lecture, etc. —
Itin'eracy, —
It, it, pron. An impersonal or neuter pronoun, usu- -cr-a-sT, n. The practice of itinerating.— Itin''erancy,
ally regarded as a demonstrative, corresponding to 11. A passing from place to place discharge of of- ;

the masc. pron. he and the fem. she, and having the ficial duty by frequently' changing residence a bodv ;

same plural, they. It is used,—-as a demonstrative, of persons w'ho thus discharge olficial duty. Itin'- —
pointing to that about to be stated or referring to that erant, a. Passing or traveling about a country
'
;

which is well known or, as

; a substitute for a noun wandering. n. One who, etc.; esp. a preacher; one —
of neuter gen^der, or for general terms .or, as an in- ; who is unsettled. Itin'erary, -er-a-rt, n. An ac- —
definite nominative for an impersonal verb or, as an count of travels, or register of places and distances
—
;

indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or as a guide to travelers. a. Traveling passing
—
;

after a substantive used humorously as a verb. Its, from place to place, or done on a journey.
the possessive of It. —
Itself, the neuter reciprocal Itself. See under It.
pronoun. Ivory, I'vo-rT, n. The hard, white, opaque, fine-
•atalian, I-tal'j;an, a. Of, or pert, to, Italy, its inhab- grained substance constituting the tusks of the ele-
itants, or their language. n. —
A native or natural- phant the tusks themselves any white organic
— ; ;

ized inhabitant of Italy the language of, etc. structure resembling ivory, as the tusks of the wal-
Ital'lc, a. Relating to Italy,
;

—
appbed esp. to a rus, etc.; {slang) teeth in general.
kind of type in which the letters slope toward the Ivy, i'vl, n. climbing plant of several species, A
right, — dedicated to the States of Italy by the in- having smooth, shining, evergreen leaves, with small
ventor, Aldus Manutius, about 1500. n. {Print.) flowers, and black or yellow berries.
Type whose face slopes to the right anything Izzard, iz'zerd, n. The letter z, —formerly so called.
;

J.
J, ja, the 10th letter of the Eng. alphabet, to whicli it out the — Jack-at-aU-trades.
fly.
has been added in modern days, the letter i being One who can turn his hand to any
written formerly in words where j is now used see : kind of business. — J.-at-a-pincn.
I. Its sound is that of g soft, as in genius; andj is One who receives unexpected calls
used to represent that sound in the phonetic respel- to do anything. — J.-o' -lantern., J.-
lings in this vocabulary. ivith-a-lantern. An ignis fatuus; a
Jabber, jab-'ber, v. i. [-bered (-herd), will-o'-the-wisp. — J.-a-dandy. A
British Jack.
-BERING.] To talk rapidly or indis- foppish, impertinent fellow.
little,
— — Jack''anapes,
—A
tinctlv ; to chatter. i'. t. To speak -a-naps, n. monkey; ape; a cox-
- —
rapidly or indistinctly. n. Rapid talk, comb; impertinent fellow. Jack'^ass, n. The male
—
•

with indistinct utterance of words. of the ass ; a dolt ; blockhead. Jack-'daw, n. A

Jack,Jak, n. A
nickname or diminutive bird allied to the crows, of which it is the smallest
otJohn; a saucy or paltry fellow; rustic; example. —
Jack'^et, n. A
short, close garment, ex-
simpleton,— said in contempt orridicule; tending downward to the hips; a coat without skirts;
a playing-card marked with the figure of the outer covering of anything, esp. a case to prevent
a servant (same as the knave); a sea-far- radiation of heat. —
Jack'knife, n. strong clasp- A
ing man an instrument that supplies knife for the pocket. —
Jack''-boots, n. pi. Large
;

the place of a boy, as, an instrument boots reaching above the knee, to protect the leg. —
to pull off boots, boot-jack a portable Lifting A
macMne, variously constructed, for
;

Jack. —
-plane, n. plane used by joiners for coarse work.
pud'ding, n. A merry-andrew; buffoon; zany.
A portable machine for raisin* heavy
raising great weights through a small space; or, a
contrivance to turn a spit, smoke-jack ; in general,
any appendage to a machine, ren-
-screiy, n.
weights tlirough a small distance. stays, n. pi.
{Nuut.) Ropes or strips of 'wood or iron stretching
—
dering convenient service; a young along the yards of a ship to bend the sails to. —
pike; a buff jerkin, rarelj', a coat of -straw, n. A low, servile fellow one of a set of ;

mail ; the male of certain animals, straws or strips of ivory, bone, etc., for playing a
as of the ass a wooden frame on
; child's game. tow'el, n. A long, endless towel
which wood or timber is sawed. upon a roller.
iMuj.) The quill of the hammer Jackal, jak'awl, n. A
gregarious nocturnal animal
which strikes the strings in a harpsi- of Asia and Africa, allied to the dog and fox, feeding
chord, piano, etc. {JVaut.) small A upon carrion, small animals, poultry, grapes, etc.; au
"flag containing only the union with- Amer. Jack. unscrupulous agent.

sttn, cube, full ; moon, f(5t)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boifboJf, chair, get.
14
 JACOBIN 210 JERK
Jacobin, iak'o-bin, n. A Dominican friar; a pigeon enware, glass, etc.; the measure of what is contained
with a hood-like tuft of feathers; one of a society of in a jar.
violent revolutionists in France, during the revo- Jargon, jiir^gon, n. Confused, unintelligible talk or
lution of ir89; a turbulent demagogue.— Jacobin''ic, language; gabble; gibberish; cant language; slang.
-ical, a. Resembling, or pert, to, t&e Jacobins: hold- Jasmine, jas'- or jaz'min, Jes'^samine, n. An erect or
ing revolutionary principles. Jac'obinism, -izm,?i. — climbing plant of many species, bearing flowers of a
The principles of the Jacobins factious opposition ;
peculiarly fragrant odor.
to legitimate government. Jasper, jas'per, n. (Min.) An opaque, impure variety
Jacobite, jak''o-bit, ?i. A
partisan of James II., of of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors,
Eng.. after he abdicated the throne, and of his de- breaking with a smooth surface.
scendants. —
Jac^obite, -bit'ic, -bxfik, -bit'ical, a. Jaundice, jan'dis, n. (Med.) Icterus; a disease caused
Pert, to, etc. —
Jac'obitism, -izm, n. The principles by disturbance of the functions of the liver, and
of, etc. characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and
Jacob's-ladder, ja'Tcobz-lad'der, n. (Bot.) plant A urine. —
Jaun'' diced, -dist, a. Affected with the
with alternate leaves and corymbb of blue or white jaundice; prejudiced; seeing with discolored organs.
flowers. (jS^aut.) A
rope ladder, with wooden steps, Jaunt, Jant, jant, v. i. To ramble here and there,
for going aloft. make an excursion, stroll. n. An excursion; short —
Jaconet, jak-'o-net, n. A
thin cotton fabric, for dresses, journey.
neck-cloths, etc^ Jaunty, jan'tT, a. [-tiee, -tiest.] Gay and easy; airy;
Jaculate, jak'u-lat, v. t. To throw like a dart, throw- showy; finical characterized by an affected or fan-
—
;

out, emit. Jac'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Darting or tastical manner.

throwing out suddenly, or suddenly thrown out. Javelin, jav'lin, n. A
light spear, anciently thrown
Jade, jad, n. (Mm.) A
hard stone of a dark-green from the hand. ^n
color,_used for ornament. Jaw, jaw, n. One of the maxillary ..
Jade, jad, n. A
mean, tired, or worthless horse a bones; the bone with its teeth and Javelin,
mean woman, wench a young woman, — in
;

irony covering; scolding; abusive clamor; anything re-

or slight contempt. v. t. —;

To reduce to the condi- sembling an animal's jaw; in pi., the mouth. v. i. —

tion of a jade, tire out ; to exhaust by excessive la- [jawed (jawd), jawing.] To scold, clamor. v. t. —
bor of any kind, fatigue, weary, harass. To abuse by scolding.
Jag, jag, n. A
notch; a ragged protuberance; a small Jay, ia, n. A
voracious and destructive bird of sev-
load, as of hay or grain in the straw. v. t. [.jagged — eral species: the European jay is a showy bird, of
(iagd), -GiXG.] To cut into notches or teeth like red-brown color above, and a faint j-ellow below,
those of a saw to notch. —
Jag''ged, p. a. Having and has a low, erectile crest of feathers; the blue jay
notches ; cleft; divided.
;

—
Jag'gy, -gT, a. Notched; is a crested Ainer. bird, hav-
uneven. ing the larger part of the
Jaguar, jag'u-ar or jag-u-ar'', n. A carnivorous feline feathers of a brilliant sky-
animal, of S. America the S. Amer. tiger. ; blue.
Jail, jal, n.A prison; a place for confinement for debt Jealous, jel'us, a. Filled with
or for crime. — Jail-'er, n. The keeper of, etc.— Jail'- anxious apprehension ; sus-
bird, n. A prisoner; one who has been confined in piciously vigilant; solicitous
prison. fe'ver, n. (Med.) A fever of the typhoid in a matter affecting charac-
character, generated in jails and crowded places. ter or honor pained by sus-
;

Jalap, jaKap, ti. (Med.) The root of a Mexican plant, picions of preference given
used in powder as a cathartic. or love transferred to anoth-
Jalousie, zhal-oo-ze'', n. A slatted window blind. er; envious; zealous.— JeaF-
Jam, jam, n. A mass of
people or of objects crowded ousy, -us-sT, n. Quality of
together the pressure from a crowd
; an injury ; being jealous; suspicious
caused by pressure; a conserve of fruit, as berries, fear or apprehension pain- ;

boiled with sugar and water to a uniform consist- f ul apprehension of rival- .,

ence. — V. t. [jammed (jamd), -mixg.] To press, ship._ Jay.

crowd, squeeze tight; to crush, as in the crack of a Jean, ian, n. twilledAcotton cloth.
door; to wedge in. Jeer, ]er, v. i. [jeered (jerd), jeering.] To make
Jamb, jam, n. (Arch.) The side-piece of a door, fire- a mock of some thing or person, sneer, scoff, flout.
place, or other aperture in a building. — v.t. To treat with derision. — n. A railing remark
Jangle, jan''gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To sound or reflection; a taunt; jibe; mockery.
harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune to ; Jehovab, je-ho''va, n. A
Scripture appellation of the
bicker, wrangle. v. t. —
To cause to sound harshly, Supreme Being.
inharmoniously, or discordantly. n. Discordant — Jejune, je-jun', a. Craving food hungry; starving; ;

sound; contention; babble. wanting contents; empty; void of interest; barren;

Janitor, jan'T-ter, n. A door-keeper porter; one in ; unprofitable.
charge of a public building. Jelly, jeKlI, n. An elastic, tremulous, viscous or ge-
Janizary, jan'I-za-rT, n. A soldier of a privileged latinous semisolid a stiffened solution of gelatine,
;

military class, formerly the nucleus of the Turkish gum, etc." juice of fruits or meat boiled with sugar
;

infantry, but suppressed in 1826. to a stiffened consistence.

Jant. See Jaunt. Jennet, Gennet, jen'net, h. small Spanish horse. A
January, jan-'u-a-rY, n. The 1st month of the year. Jenneting, jen'het-ing, n. A species of early apple.
Japan, ja-pan'', n. Work varnished and figured in Jenny, jen'nT, n. A
machine for spinning a number
the manner of the natives of Japan varnish or lac- of soft cotton threads at once.
quer used in japanning metallic or other articles.
;
— Jeopardy, jep'^ard-T, n. Exposure to death, loss, or
v.t. [japanned (-pand'), -ning.] To cover with injury; peril; risk; hazard; danger. Jeop'ard, —
hard, Drilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japa- Jeop^ardize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To expose
nese; to bl_ack and gloss, as in blacking shoes. Jap- — to loss or injury.— Jeop'ardous, -us, a. Exposed to
anese'', -nez', a. Of, or pert, to, Japan, or its inhab- danger; perilous; hazardous.
—
,

itants. n. A native or inhabitant of Japan in pi. ; Jerboa, jer-'bo-a or jer-bo''a, n. small, jumping, A
the people of Japan language of the people of
; rodent animal. havin»
Japan. —
Japan''ner, n. One who varnishes in the very long hind legs and
—
manner of, etc. Japon^ica, -pon'T-ka, n. (Bot.) A a long tail: it burrows
species of camellia, native of Japan. in the ground.
Jar, jar, r. i. [jaeeed (jard), -king.] To give forth Jeremiad, -ade, jer-e-mi'-
a short rattle or tremulous sound; to vibrate harshly ad, n. A
tale of grief,
or discordantly to clash, interfere to vibrate reg-
; ; sorrow, or complaint;
ularly. —
V. t. To cause to tremble, shake. n. A a doleful story.
rattling vibration of sound; clash of interest or opin- Jerk, jerk, v. t. [jerked Jerboa.
ions; discord; a vibration of the pendulum of a clock. (jerkt), jerking.] To
Jar, jar, n. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel, of earth- tnrow with a quick and suddenly arrested motions
am, fame, far, pass o)- opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — — — — — 1

JERK 211 JOIN

to give a sudden pull, twitch, thrust, or push. v. i. — separates ore by shaking it in water in a riddle or
To make a sudden motion, start quickly, move with wire-bottom sieve a jigging sieve a machine on
; ;

a start, or by starts. n. — A
short, sudden thrust, push, which earthen vessels are shaped by rapid motion;
or twitch; unsteady motion; a sudden spring. a potter's wheel. (Naut.) A small tackle, consisting
Jerk, jerk, v. t. To cut (meat) into slices or strips, of a double and single block and the fall. Jig'saw, —
and dry it in the sun. n. A vertically reciprocating saw, moved by a vi-
Jerkin, jer'kin, n. A
jacket; a kind of short coat or brating lever or crank rod. Jig'gle, -gl, v. i. To —
close waistcoat. , move m
an affected or awkward manner; to shake
Jersey, jer''zt, n. The finest of wool separated from up and down.
the rest fine yarn of wool ; a close-fitting woolen
; A young woman, —
Jill, jil, n. so called in contempt.
Jacket or skirt. — Jilt, n. A woman who capriciously deceives and
Jessamine. Same as Jasmixe. disappoints her lover; a coquette; fiirt. v. t. To en-
Jest, jest, n. Something done or said to amuse; some- courage and then frustrate the hopes of (a lover). —
thing ludicrous meant only to excite laughter; the V. i. To play the jilt, practice deception love. m
object of sport; laughing-stock; joke; fun; raillery; Jimmy, jini'mt, n. A
short bar used by burglars in
sport. — V. i. To make merriment, joke, sport, rally. breaking open doors.
Jesuit, jez-'u-it, n. (Rom. Cath. Church.) One of a Jimp, jimp, a. Neat; handsome; elegant of shape.
religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, under Jingle, jin'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To sound
the title of The Society of Jesus; a crafty person; with a fine, sharp rattle; to clink. v. t. To cause
intriguer (an opprobrious use of the word). Jesu- to give'U sharp sound, as a little bell, or pieces of
its'-bark. Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain spe- metal. — A
n. rattling or clinking sound; that which
cies of cinchona, whose medicinal properties were makes such sound correspondence of sound in ;

first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries rhymes.

to S. Amer. —
J. drops. Compound tincture of ben- Jingo, jin'go, n. A word often used in a vulgar oath.
zoin. — J. powder. Powdered cinchona bark. Jes- — Jinnee, jin'ne, n. ; pi. Jinn. (Mohammedan Myth.)
nific, -ical, a. Pert, to the Jesuits, or to their prin- —
A genius or demon, a name applied to genii, an-
ciples and arts; designing; deceitful. Jesuifical- — gels, or demons, supposed to have transparent bod-
ly, adv. — Jes''uitism, -izm, n. The arts,- principles, ies, with the power of assuming various forms.
and practices of the Jesuits. Job, job, n. A piece of work; anything undertaken;
Jet, jet, n. (Miri.) A
compact, lustrous, velvet-black an undertaking with a view to profit; a public trans-
variety of lignite, wrought into toys, jewelry, etc. action done for private profit. v. t. [jobbed (jobd),—
Jet, jet, n. A
spouting, forcible shooting forth, or -BiNG.] To hire by the job, or period of use and
sudden rush, as of water from a pipe, or flame from service; to do by separate portions or lots. (Com.)
an orifice ; that which issues in a jet. v. i. To — To buy and sell as a broker; to purchase of im-
shoot forward, shoot or stand out, project, jut. -^ porters for the purpose of selling to retailers. v. i. —
V. t. To spout forth, emit in a stream or spout. To perform pieces of work, work by the job; to seek
.— Jet-d'eau, zha-do'', ?i. A
stream of water spout- private gain under the pretense of public service.
ing from a fountain or pipe. [F.] —
Jefsam, Jet''- — Job'ber, n. A
worker by the job a dealer in pub- ;

son, Jeftison, n. (Mar. Law.) The voluntary lic stocks; one who purchases goods from importers,
throwing of goods overboard, to lighten and pre- and sells to retailers; one who turns ofBcial actions
serve a ship ; goods thus thrown away, and which to private advantage. —
Job'bery, -ber-I, ?i. Act of,
remain under water. [OLaw F.] Jefty, -W, n. — etc.; unfair means for gaining a private end.
A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the Jockey, jok'I, n.; pi. Joce'eys, -iz. man who A
rest; a projecting pier or mole of timber, fascines, rides or drives horses at horse-races a dealer in
rubble, or masonry, for use as a wharf, or to defend horses one who cheats in trade.
; v. t. [jockeyed — ;

a harbor, etc^, from the waves, or to deflect a stream. (-id), -eying.] To play the jockey toward; to cheat,
Jew, ju or joo, n. A
Hebrew, or Israelite. v. t. trick. —V. i. To act the jockey.
[jewed (jud or jood), jewing.] To cheat or defraud Jocose, Jocular, etc. See under Joke.
(an opprobrious use of the word). Jew'ess, n. A Jocund, jok'und, a. Merry; lively; sportive.
—
Hebrew woman. Jew'isli, a. Pert, to the Hebrews; Jog, jog, V. t. [JOGGED (jogd), -ging.] To push or
Israelitish. —
Jew'ry, -rl, n. Judea a district in- ; shake with the elbow or nand to arouse the mem- ;

habited by Jews, hence the name of a street in Lon-

—
ory or attention by a slight push. v. i. To move by —
don. Jews'-harp, n. A small musical instrument, jogs, like a slow trot; to walk or travel idly, heavily,
held between the teeth, and having a metal tongue, or slowly, —
n. A slight shake; a push to awaken at-
which when struck by the finger produces musical tention. —
Jog'sle, -gl, V. t. [-GLED (-gld), -gling.]
sounds that are modulated by the breath. Juda'ic, — To shake sligntly to jostle, or cause to move irregu-
;

-ical, ju-da'ik-al, a. Pert, to the Jews. larly. (Arch.) To join or match by jogs or notches,
Jewef, ju'- or joo'el, n. A
personal ornament in so as to prevent sliding apart. v. i. To shake or —
which precious stones form a principal part a pre- ; totter. —
n. (Arch.) A
joint between 2 bodies so
cious stone; gem; any object very highly valued; a constructed by means of jogs or notches, as to pre-
precious thing. —
v. t. [jeweled (-eld), -eling.] To vent their sliding past each other. (Masonry.) A
adorn, fit, or provide with, jewels. Jew'eler, n. — similar joint held
One who makes or deals in jewels and other orna- in place by means v>""'''X!llll|li, ± ([\mmi"-

—
ments. Jew'elry, -ellery, n. Jewels in general; the of pieces of stone
I

art or trade of a jeweler. or metal intro-

Jezebel, jez''e-bel, n. An impudent, vicious woman. duced into it. pi.
Jib, jib, n. (Naut.) The foremost sail of a ship, be- The pieces of
ing a triangular stay-sail extended from the outer stone or metal
end of the jib-boom toward the fore topmast-head: used in a joggle-
in sloops, it is on the bowsprit, and extends toward joint. Joggles.
the lower mast-head see Sail. (Much.) The pro- Join, join, v. t.
—
:

jecting beam of a crane. Jib'' -boom, -boom, n. [JOINED (joind), JOINING.] bring together, placeTo
(Naut.) A
spar run out from the extremity of the m contiguity, connect; to associate one s self to, be
bowsprit, and serving as a continuation of it see connected with ; to effect a union; to add, annex,
—
:

Ship.— Jibe, jib, v. t. [jibed (jibd), jibing.] [Writ- combine, couple, link. v. i. To be contiguous,
ten also gybe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a close, or in contact; to form a league or contract to-
vessel to the other, as a sail. —
v.i. (Naut.) To shift gether; to unite. —
Join'der, n. Act of joining; con-
from one side of a vessel to the other. To harmon- junction. (Law.) A
joining of parties as plaintiffs
ize, agree. or defendants in a suit, or of causes of action; ac-
Jifify, jif'fl, w. A moment; an instant. ceptance of an issue tendered in law or fact. —
Jig, Jig, n. (Mxis.) A light,
brisk musical movement. Join'er, n. One who joins ; a mechanic who does
A frolicsome, quick dance, to such a movement a the wood-work in buildings. Join'eiy, -er-T, n.
—
;

piece of sport trick; cajolery. v. t. To sort or Art or work of a joiner. —

Joint, n. The place or
separate (ore) by shaking
;

to delude. Jig'ger,
;
— part in which 2 or more things or parts are joined or
M, One who, or that which, jigs, as a miner who united; junction; articulation; hinge; node; the part

siin, cube, fuU ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, liien, boNboif, chair, get.
 JOIST 212 JUG
or space included between 2 joints, knots, or articula- The keeping of a journal; the profession of editing,
tions; a large piece of an animal cut off for cooking. or writing for, journals.— Jour'nalist, n. The writer
{Geol.) A deep fissure or plane of fracture cutting of a journal or diary conductor of, or contributor
across the stratification. —
a. Joined; united; com- to, a public journal.— Jour'nalize, v. t. [-ized (-izd),
;

bined ; concerted uniting or sharing with others

; ; -iziNG.] To enter an account of in a lournal.- ?-".
shared among more than one; held in common. v. i. To aid by writing in carrying on a public journal.
t. To unite by joints, tit together; to provide with — Jour'ney, pi. -nets, -niz. Travel from
-nl, m. ,-

joints, articulate to separate the joints of ; to cut one place another passage voyage tour ex-
to
;

—
up (meat), disjoint. v. i. To fit perfectly; to coa- pedition pilgrimage. v. i. [journeyed (-nid),
;

— ; ; ;

lesce as joints do. —

Joint'^ure, join'chur, n. {Iktvj.)
;

-NEYiNG.] To travel, from place to place. —Jour''-

An estate settled on a wife, and which she is to enjoy neyman, n. ; pi. -men. One hired to work by the
after her husband's decease for her own life at least, day a workman who has learned his trade and is
and in satisfaction of dower. v. t. [joln'TUEED — ;

supposed to be capable of earning the full rate paid

(-churd), -TUEixG.] To settle a jointure upon. — for day's work.
Ju''gular, -gu-lar, a. {Anat.) Pert, to the neck or Joust. _Same as Just.
throat. —
n. One of the large veins by which blood Jove, jov, n. The chief divinity of the ancient Ro-
is returned from the head to the heart: see Lung. — mans; Jupiter.— Jo'vial, -vl-al, a. Under the influ-
Junc'tion, junk''shun, n. Act of joining, or state of ence of Jupiter, the planet; gay; joyous; ioUy. Jo'- —
being joined; union; combination; coalition; place vialness, JoviaKity, -aKI-tl, Jo' vialty, n. Merriment.,
or point of union; esp. place where lines of railway Jowl, jol, n. The cheek.
meet or cross. —
Junct''ure, junk''chur, n. The line Joy, joi, n. The emotion excited by the acquisition
or point at which 2 bodies are joined'; a joint or ar- or expectation of good exhilaration of spirits ;

ticulation; a point of time, esp. a point rendered cause of happiness gladness pleasure delight ; ; ;

critical by a concurrence of circumstances; an exi- felicity; rapture; bliss mirth; festivity; hilarity.
gency; emergency. —
Jim'to, n. ; x)l- -tos, -toz. A v.i. [joyed (joid), JOYING.] To rejoice, be glad, exult.
;

select council which deliberates secretly on affairs Jubilant, ju'bl-lant, a. Uttering songs of triumph;
of government; a cabal; faction. rejoicing; shouting with joy. Jubila'tion, n. Act of —
Joist, joist, n. A
small timber to which boards of a rejoicing exultation.
floor or laths of ceiling are nailed. v. t. To fit or — ;

Jubilee, ju''bi:-le, n. {Jewish Hist.) Every 50th year,

furnish with joists. at which time all slaves were liberated, and all lands
Joke, jok, n. Something said to excite a laugh; a jest; alienated during the whole period reverted to their
witticism; what is not in earnest, or actually meant. former owners. {Rom. Cath. Church.) solemnity A
— V. t. [JOKED (jokt), JOKING.] To make merry celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, latterly of
with, banter. v. i. To do something for sport, 25 years. season of A
public festivity and joy; joy-
make sport, jest, rally. —
Jocose, jo-kos^, a. Given fulness; exultation.
to jokes and jestings; containing a joke; facetious; Judaic, Judaism, Judaize, etc. See under Jew.
witty; merry; waggish; sportive. JocoS'^ity, -kos''- — Judge, juj, n. {Law.) civil oflBcer authorized to A
t-tT, n. A
jocose act or saying; jocoseness. Joc''- — hear and determine causes, civil or criminal. The
nlar, -u-lar, a. Given to jesting; containing jokes; Supreme Being; one skilled to decide on the merits
sportive. —
Jocular'^ity, -lar't-tT, n. Merriment ; of a question, or on the value of anything; a con-
jesting. noisseur; expert. {Jewish Hist.) chief magistrate A
Jolly, joFlt, a. Full of life and mirth; jovial; joy- with civil and military powers, such as those who
ous; merry; expressing mirth, or inspiring it; of governed the nation more than 300 years, pi. The
fine appearance handsome plump.
; Jor liness, ;
— title of the 7th book of the Old Testament. v. i. —
-lity, -ll-tl, n. Noisy mirth; revelry; joviality. [judged (jujd), JUDGING.] To hear and deter-
Jol'lifica'tion, n. Noisy festivity. mine (in causes on trial); to pass sentence; to as-
J o 1 1 y-b oat, -fll^
sume authority to try anything and pass judgment
joKlI-bot, n. on it; to form an opinion, determine, distinguish.
{NatU.) A V. t. To hear and determine by authority (a case
small boat before a court, or controversj' between parties); to
belonging to examine and pass sentence on; to sit in judgment
a ship. upon; to be censorious toward; to determine upon
Jolt, jolt, V. inquiry or deliberation; to esteem, think, reckon,
To shake
i.
— Judgement, n. Act of judging process of the ;

with short, t n i. i mind in comparing ideas, to find their mutual re-

abrupt ris- Jolly-boat, lations, and to ascertain truth that discerned by ;

ings and fallings, as a carriage moving on rough the mind in judging ; opinion ; notion; facility in
ground. v. t.— To shake with sudden jerks. — w. A judging faculty of judging or deciding truly and
;

shock or shake. wisely good sense ; taste. {Philos.) The act or

;

Jonquil, -quille, jon''kwil, n. bulbous plant of the A faculty of comparing objects, and discerning their
narcissus family, having lily-like leaves and very relations, attributes, or properties; result of tlie act
fragrant yellow flowers. thus performed. {Law.) Sentence of the law, pro-
Joram, jo''ram, Jo-'rum, n. large drinking vessel; A nounced by a court or judge; decision of a court. A
also its contents, —
nut-brown ale and toast, with calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recom-
sugar and spice. pense for wron^ committed. {Theol.) The final
Jostle, jos'l, Jus'tle, v.
t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To punishment of the wicked. Ju'dicatnre, -ka-chur, —
run, push, or crowd against, so as to render un- n. Power of distributing justice l)y legal trial and
steady to hustle, clash.
; v. i. —
To hustle, shove determination right of judicial action ; jurisdic-
;

about, elbow. n. An encounter or shock. tion a court of justice extent of jurisdiction of a

Jot, jot, n. An iota; a point; tittle; the least quantity
;

judge or court. —
Judi''cial, -dish'al, a. Pert, or ap-
;

assX^nable. v.t. To set down; to make a memo- propriate to courts of justice; practiced or employed
randum of. in the administration of justice: proceeding from a
Jounce, jowns, v. t. [jounced (jownst), jouncing.] court of justice positive or established by statute ;
;

To jolt, shake, as by driving over a stone, etc. n. inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment.— Judi'ciary,
A jolt; shake; hard trot. -dish''I-a-rT, a. Passing judgment or sentence; pert,
—
Journal, jer'nal, n. An account of daily transactions to courts of judicature. n. That branch of govern-
and events; diary; a record of proceedings; a paper ment in which judicial power is vested: judges col-
published daily a periodical publication giving
; lectively. —
Judi'cious, -dish'us, a. According to,
an account of passing events, proceedings of socie- having, or exercising, sound judgment; prudent
ties, etc. {Ncmt.) A daily register of the ship's wise discerning ; sagacious.
;

course and distance, etc. {Com.) A book in which Jug, jug, n. A

vessel, with a capacious body and nar-
every charge is entered under the date of each row mouth, and usually a handle on one side; a
day. {Mach.) The portion of a shaft or other re- large earthen or stone bottle a pitcher ewer ; a ; ;

volving piece which turns in some other piece, or prison; jail. —

v.*. [jugged (jugd), -ging.] To boil
in a journal-box; a bearing. Jour'nalism, -izm, n. — or stew,' as in a jug to commit to jail, imprison. ;

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Bdd, tone, 6r
 — — — — —
;

JUGGLE 213 JUXTAPOSIT

Juggle, jug'srl, V. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To play Jupiter, ju'pt-ter, n. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme
tricks by sleight of hand to practice to conjure deitj'; the son of Saturn ; Jove. {Astron.) The
artifice or imposture. —
; ;

To deceive by trick or
v. t. largest planet, and, next to Venus, the brightest: it
artifice. — n. A trick by legerdemain; an imposture; has 4 moons.
deception. — Jug'gler, n. One who practices tricks
_
Jupon, ju-pon' or zhoo-pawN'', Juppon, jup-pon', n. A
by sleight of hand; a cheat deceiver. — Jug'glery, ; sleeveless jacket, orig. worn over
-gler-I, M. Art or act of, etc.; trickery; imposture. armor, composed of several thick-
Jugular. See imder Joix. nesses of material sewed through
Juce, jus, n. The characteristic fluid of any vegetable and faced with silk or velvet a ;

or animal substance, esp. that which may be ex- petticoat.

pressed from fruit or meat, or which flows from Juridic, ju-rid-'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to
them in cooking.— Jiu'cy, ju'^sl, a. [-cier, -ciest.] a judge; acting in the distribution
Abounding witTi juice moist succulent. ; 01 ju'stice; used in courts of law.
JiVJube, ju'jub, n. An
;

oriental fruit, allied to the — Ju'risdic'tion, 7i. Legal pow-

plum, of a blood-red or saffron color, and having a er or authority of determining
sweet, granular pulp. causes power of governing or ;

Julep, ju'lep, n. A
sweet drink; esp. {Med.), a demul- legislating, or of exercising au- i

cent, acidulous, or mucilaginous mixture; a bever- thority ; limit within which pow-
age composed of some spirituous liquor, with sugar, er may be exercised. Ju'ris- — |

pounded ice, and sprigs of mint. pru'dence, -proo'dens, n. The

Julian, juKyan, a. Pert, to, or derived from, Julius science of law; knowledge of the
Casar. — Julian calendar. The calendar as adjusted laws, customs, and rights of men
by Julius Csesar, in which the year was made to con- in a state or community.
sist of 36.5 days, 6 hours, instead of 3G5 days. July', Jurist. See under Just. —
-li', n. The 7th month of the year, ix. Julius Csesar, Jury, ju'rT, n. (Law.) body of A
born in this month. men, selected and sworn to in-
Jumble, jum'^bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] To mix quire into and try any matter of
in a confused mass; to put or throw together with- fact, and to declare the truth of
—
out order. v.i. To meet, mix, or unite confusedly. it on the evidence given them in
— n. Confused mixture; orderless mass or collec- the case; a committee for adjudg-
tion; a small, sweet cake, often ring-shaped. ing prizes at a public exhibition, Jupon.
Jump, jump, V. i. [jumped (jumt), jumping.] To lift etc.
the feet wholly from the ground and alight again Jury-mast, ju'rl-mast, n. (Naut.) temporary mast A
upon them, usually with a erected in a ship, to supply the place of one carried
forward motion to leap to; ; away.
skip, spring, bound ; to joltj Just, lust, a. Rendering, or disposed to render, to each
to coincide. — v. t. To pass by one his due; conformed to fact, to the truth of things,
a leap, pass over eagerly or to a proper standard, to reasonable expectations, etc.
hastily, skip over. n. Act of upright; impartial; righteous; equitable; true; fair;
jumping ; a leap ; spring; regular.- adv. Precisely; exactly; closelj^; nearly.
bound; a venture. (Geol.)
Jump-seat.
A Jusfness, n. —
Jus'tice, -tis, n. Quality of being —
dislocation in a stratum a ; just; the rendering to every one his due; conformity
fault. {Arch.) An abrupt in- One-seat form. to truth and reality; fair representation of facts;
terruption of level in a piece just treatment ; merited reward or punishment
of brick-work or masonry. — equity; justness; one duly commissioned to hold
;

Jumpier, n. One who or that courts, or to try and decide controversies and ad-
which jumps; the maggot of minister justice. Justiciar, -tish''T-ar, -clary, —
the cheese-fly ; a long iron -tish'^I-a-rT, »i. judge or justice; a lord chief jus- A
chisel or borer; a kind oi tice. —
Ju'rist, n. One versed in the law, esp. in the
sleigh ; one of a certain re- civil law", or the law of nations. Jus^'tify, -tt-fi, —
ligious sect. —
Jump'seat, 7i. V. t. [-FIED (-fid), -FYiNG.] To prove or show to be
A carriage with a movable Jump-seat, just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety,
seat, readily changed from the Two-seat form, or duty; to vindicate as riglit; to pronounce free
one-seated to the two-seated form. from blame. (Theol.) To treat as just, though,
Junction, Juncture. See under Join. guilty and deserving punishment, (Print.) To form
June, jun, n. The 6th month of the year. even or true lines of (type) by proper spacing; to ad-
Jungle, iun^gl, n. Land mostly covered with forest just, cause to fit. Jus'tifi.'able, a. Capable of being —
trees, brush-wood, etc., or coarse, reedy vegetation, j)roved to be just; defensible; warrantable ; excus-
but not wholly uninhabited. able. —
Jus'tifica-'tion, ?j. Act of justifying; vindi-
Junior, jun-'yer, a. Less old younger, esp. applied to ; cation defense ; state of being justified. (Laiv.)
;

the younger of 2 persons of tne same name; pert, to The showing of a sufficient reason in court why a
ayounger person, •r to a junior.— «. Ayounger per- party accused did what he is called to answer.
son; of a lower or younger standing; as, esp., one in (Theol.) The treating of sinful man as thoiigh he
the 3d year of his collegiate course in an Amer. col- were just. Jus'tifl'er, n. One who justifies; one —
lege, or in the 1st year of his course at a theological who pardons and absolves from guilt and punish-
seminarj^. ment.
Juniper, ju'nY-per, n. An evergreen shrub or tree, Just, Joust, just, n. mock encounter on horseback; A
whose berries are used to flavor gin and as a power- a tilt; one of the exercises at tournaments. v. i. To ' —
ful diuretic. engage in a mock fight on horseback; to push, drive,
Junk, junk, Pieces of
?i. jostle.
old cable or cordage. Justle. See Jostle.
(_Xaut.) Hard salted Jut, jut, V. i. To shoot forward, project beyond the
beef supplied to ships. main body. — n. A shooting forward; projection.
— Junk Dealer. One Jute, jut, n. A
substance resembling hemp, used in
who buys and sells manufacturing mats, coarse carpets, etc. also, the
;

junk, old metals, etc. plant which produces it.

Junk, junk, n. shipA Juvenile, ju''ve-nil, a.
—
Youjig youthful; pert, or
;

used in China. suited to youth. n. A

young person or youth.
Junk, junk, 7i. A thick Ju''venilenes8, -nil''ity, -l-tT, n. Youthfulness; man-
piece; lump. Junk-bot- ners or customs of youth.— Juvenes''cent, -nes'sent,
tle. A bottle, usually of a. Becoming young.
green glass, made thick Juxtaposit, juks-ta-poz'^it, v. t. To place in close con^
and strong, for holding
Junk.
nection or contiguity. —
Jux'taposi'tion, -zish''un,
liquors, etc. n. Aplacing or being placed in nearness or conti-
Junta, Junto. See under Join. guity.

siin, cube, full ; moon, f56t ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 214 KEY

K.
K, ka, the 11th letter of the Eng. alphabet, is silent cutting edge piercing; severe; acrimonious; acute
;

before n, but elsewhere has one invariable sound, of mind; penetrating; having mental acuteness.
like c hard. Keep, kep, v. t. [kept, keeping.] To cause to re-
Kale, Kail, kal, n. A
plant allied to the cabbage, culti- main in a given position, situation, or condition to :

vated for its curled or wrinkled leaves or "sprouts." maintain unchanged; to hold, retain in one's power
— Kale'-yard, n. A kitchen garden. or possession; to nave in custody, take care of; to
Kaleidoscope, ka-li'do-skop, n. An optical instrument detain; to protect, guard, sustain; to hide; to attend
which, by a change of position, exhibits its contents upon to maintain (an establishment, institution,
;

in a variety of colors and symmetrical forms. etc.); to conduct, manage; to supply with necessaries
Kalendar. See Calendar. of life, entertain; to maintain (an assistant, servant,
Kalmia, kaKmT-a, n. An evergreen shrub, native to horse, etc.); to continue in (a course of action); to
N. Amer., having corymbs nf showy flowers; laurel. adhere to, perform, observe, obey (duty, promise,
Kanaka, ka-na-'ka, n. A native of the South Sea isl- command); to confine one's self to, remain in, haunt,
ands, esp. of the Sandwich Islands. frequent; to celebrate, solemnize. v. i. To remain —
Kangaroo, kan'ga-roo', n. A ruminating, marsupial in any position or state, continue, stay; to last, en-
animal of Australia and dure; to reside for a time, dwell. n. Act of keep- —
the neighboring islands, ing; custody; care; state of being kept; resulting
having short fore legs, condition; case; maintenance; support; that whicK
used only for digging, keeps or protects; a stronghold; castle; esp. the
bringing food to the strongest and securest part of a castle, the donjon:
mouth, etc., and long see Castle that which is kept or had in charge.
hind legs, with which it — ;

Keep''-sake, n. Anything kept, or given to be

makes enormous kept, for the sake of the giver; a token of friendship.
bounds. Keeve, kev, n. A
large vessel for fermenting liquors.
KaoUn, -line, ka''o-lin, n. {Mining.) Avat for dressing ores. v. t. To set in —
iJIin.) A variety of clay a tub, for fermentation.
used for making porce- __ Keg, keg, n. A small cask; barrel; cag.
lain. Kelp, kelp, n. Calcined ashes of sea-weed, from which
Karob, ka'rob, n.
-nT-t-i.
With !izZ^i^te3;^''l%«*»«<*««64s»*
'-^-^
c^T^trs^- ^^ -^ — carbonate of soda and iodine are made. {Bot.) The
goldsmiths, the 24th ~^ sea-weed yielding kelp.
part of a grain. Kangaroo. Kelt. Same as Celt.
Katydid, ka-'tt-did, n. A
broad-winged green grass- Ken, ken, v. t. [kenned (kend), -iting.] To know,
hopper, living in trees, —
the males of which, at understand; to recognize, descry. n. Cognizance; —
night, by means of membranes in their wing-covers, view; esp. reach of sight or knowledge.
make a sound, resembling ka-ty-did. Kennel, ken''nel, n. A house for dogs a pack of ;

Kedge, kej, n. {Naut.') A

small anchor used to keep hounds the hole of a fox or other beast.
; v. i. —
a ship steady when riding in a harbor or river, and [kenneled C-neld), -neling.] To lodge, lie, dwell,
esp. at the turn of the tide, to keep her clear of her — as a dog or fox. —
v.t. To keep in a kennel.
—
bower anchor. v. t. [hedged (kejd), kedging.] Kennel, ken-'nel, n. A
gutter puddle. ;

To warp, as a ship; to move by means of a kedge, as Kennel-coal. See Cannei^coal.

in a rjver. —
Kedg'er, n. kedge. A Keno, ke'no, n. A game played with numbered cards,
Keel, kel, n. The principal timber in a ship, extend- and balls correspondingly numbered.
ing from stem to stern at the bottom, and supporting Kentle. Same as Quintal.
the whole frame see Ship hence, a ship a low,
: ; ; Kept. See Keep.
flat-bottomed vessel, to convey coal a broad, flat ; Keramic. See Cer.\mic.
vessel, for cooling liquids; a keel- Kerchief, ker'chif, n. A square of fine linen used by
er. {Bot.) The 2 lowest petals of women to cover the head any cloth used in dress,
;

the corolla of a papilionaceous esp. on the head.

flower, inclosing the stamens and Kerf, kerf, n. A notch, slit, channel, or way through
pistil. (iVa«. Hist.) projecting A wood made by a saw or other cutting instrument.
ridge along the middle of a flat or Kernel, ker'^nel, n. A
little grain or corn anything
curving surface. —
v.i. [keeled included in a shell, husk, or integument a small
;

(keld), KEELING.] To plow with mass around which other matter is concreted nu- :

a keel, navigate ; to turn up the i / t> ^ \ „ cleus central p^rt of anything.

;

keel, show the bottom.— i^afee keel. ^s^'- (-f^or.) Kerosene, kiJr'o-sen, n. A hydrocarbon illuminating
A strong timber bolted to the bottom of the keel, to oil, distilled from petroleum.
protect —
KeeKage, -e.j, n. Right of demanding a
it. Kersey. ker'zT, n. A coarse woolen cloth, usually
toll fora ship entering a harbor; duty so paid. ribbed, woven from long wool.— Ker'se37Tnere, -mer,
KeeKer, n. A
shallow tub for holding materials for n. A thin, twilled cloth, generally of the finest wool;
calking ships, or for other uses. KeeK-boat, /;. — A cassimere.
large, covered boat, with a keel, but no sails, used Kestrel, kes'trel, n, A
small, slender hawk, of a red-
on Amer. rivers for transporting freight; a low, flat- dish fawn color, spotted with white and black.
bottomed freight-boat. — KeeKhaul, w. t. [-HAULED Ketch, kech, n. vessel A
with 2 masts, a main and
(-hawld), -HAULING.] {Ncmt.) To haul under the mizzen-mast, usually from 10ft to 250 tons burden.
keel of a ship, as a Ketchup. See Catchup.
punishment, by ropes Kettle, ket-'tl, n. A metallic vessel, with a wide
attached to the yard- mouth, used for heating water, etc.
arms on each side. — Keftle-c'rum, n. A drum made
KeeKson, keKsun, n. of a copper vessel, usually hemi-
{Ship-building.) A spherical, or shaped like a kettle,
piece of timber laid covered with parchment an in- ;

on the middle of the formal afternoon or early evening

floor timbers over the a, Keelson; 6, Keel; c, False partv.
keel, and binding the Keel. Key, ke, n. A
portable instrument
floor timbers to the keel to shut or open a lock, by moving .

Keeling, keKing, n. (Ichth.) kind of small cod. A or raising a bolt or tumbler, or one Kettle-drum.
Keen, ken, a. Eager; vehement; sharp; having a fine. by which anything is wound, screwed, turned, or
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — — — — ; — — —

KEY 215 KINNIKINIO

tightened, as, a watch-key, bed-key, etc. that which ; loliter, kt-loKt-ter or kU'o-li'ter, n. A measure of
unlocks a secret or mystery, or discloses anything capacity =1 cubic meter 1,000 hters= 35.3166 Eng. =
difficult,a solution, explanation; that which locks or 35.3105 Amer. cubic feet, or 264.14 Amer. gallons
up and makes fast, as, (Arch.) a piece of wood let of 231 cubic inches. Kilometer, kl-lom'e-ter or kiK-
into another across the grain to prevent warping ; o-me'ter, n. measure of length, — 1,000 meters
A =
(Masonry.') the highest central stone of an arch, key- 3,2S(J.S'J9 Eng. or 3,280.709 Amer. feet, or .62135 of a
. stone; or (Mech.) a piece of wood or metal, placed in mile. — Kilostere, ke-lo-star', n. A
measure of solid-
coincident slots or mortises, to hold parts together; a ity or volume, —
1,000 cubic meters 35,316.6 Eng., =
wedge or cotter in a frame, chain, etc.; a fin, spline, or 3.5,310.5 Amer. cubic feet.
feather, or wedge, fastening a wheel or crank upon Kilt, kilt, w. A
short petticoat, worn by men in the
A
\

a shaft. (J/(is.) lever of wood, ivory, or metal, in Highlands of Scotland, and by children in the Low-
an organ, piano-forte, etc., pressed by the fingers in lands.
playing the instrument; the fundamental tone of a Kimbo, kim'bo, a. Crooked ; arched bent.
—
movement, key-note. v. t. [keyed (ked), keying.] Kin, kin, n. Relationship, consanguinity, or affinity;
;

To fasten with keys or wedge-shaped pieces of wood relatives; kindred. a. Of the same nature or kind;
— — —
or iron. Key'-board, n. (Mus.) The whole range
of the keys of an organ or piano-forte. hole, n.
hole in a door or lock, for receiving a kej'. ( Carp.)
— A
akin.
Kind, kind,
Kins^man, -woman, n.
Race; genus; generic class; esp. one
n.
fixed by the laws of nature sort; nature; style;
One who is, etc.

—
;

An excavation in beams intended to be joined to- manner ; character; native character. a. Having
gether, to receive the key which fastens them. feelings befitting a common nature ; esp., showing
-note, n. (Mus.) The tonic or first tone of the scale tenderness or goodness; disposed to do good; oblig-
in which a piece is writ- ^^^^^ ing; indulgent; tender; good; gentle; friendly; lov-
ten. seat, «. (Much.) f^^^S i i (-«
,^ -> ing. —Kind'ly, -It, a. [-LIER, -liest.] Belonging to
A^ectangular groove, V \ =j ( l=P >.^0 the kind or species; natural; kindred; sympathetic;
esp. in awheel and shaft, xi'>
'
s disposed to do good; gracious; favorable; mild; gen-
to receive a kev, so as to •«„-- „„„i tle. — adv. manner; benevolently. Kind'-
In a
kind
prevent one part from
ivey-seat.
liness, n. — Kind'ness,
n. (Quality of being kind ;
turning on the other. stone, n. (Arch.) The wedge- good will; benevolence; a kind act; act of good- will.
shaped stone on the top or middle of an arch or — Kind^'-heart'ed, a. Having kindness of nature.
vault, which binds the work. — Kin'^dred, w. Relationship by birth or marriage;
Key, ke, n. An island rising little above the surface, consanguinity; kin; relatives by blood or marriage;
as in the W. Indies a quay. ; relations.— a. Related; congenial; of like nature or
Khalif. See Caliph. properties.
Khan, kawn or kan, n. A prince king chief, so ; ;
— Kindergarten, kin-der-gar''ten, n. A school for young
called among
the Tartars. children, where play is combined with study and
Ehan, kan, n. An Eastern inn or caravansary. especial attention is paid to object-teaching.
Khedive, ka-dev' or ke'div, n. Governor, viceroy, — Kindle, kin'dl, v. t. [-deed (-did), -dlingJ To set
a title granted by the Sultan of Turkey to the ruler on fire, light; to inflame, as the passions; to exasper-
of Egypt, in 1866. ate, rousCj provoke. —
v. i. To take fire; to begin to
Kibe, kib, n. An ulcerated chilblain, as in the heels. be excited. —
Kin''dling, n. Act of, etc. jp?. Mate-
Kick, kik, v. t.(kikt), kicking.] To strike,
[kicked rials easily lighted, for starting a fire.
thrust, or hit violently with the foot. v. i. To — Kine, kln,?i.p?. Cows. —
Kine'-pox, ?i. Cow-pox.
practice striking with the foot to thrust out the ;

— Kinetoscope, ki-ne'to-skop, n. machine for the A

foot violenth' to manifest opposition to recoil, production of animated pictures.
said of a musket, etc.
;

?i. —
blow with the foot A
;

King, king, n. A
sovereign; monarch; chief among
recoil of a fire-arm, when discharged. competitors; a playing-card having the picture of a
Kickshaw, kik'shaw, n. Something fantastic or un- king; thechief piece in the game of chess; acrowned
common, or that has no particular name ; a fantas- checkerman. pi. The title of 2 books in the Old
tical dish. Testament. —
v. t. To supply with a king, make
Kid, kid, n. A
young goat a bundle of heath and royal. —King'cup, n. The buttercup, q. v.— King'-
—
;

furze a small wooden tub or vessel,

; applied, dom, -dum, n. Quality and attributes of a king ;
among seamen to one containing food leather made
, ; royal authority; monarchy; country subject to a
of kid skin; a glove of kid leather; among thieves, king; one of the great divisions in nat. nist. classifica^
etc., a child. —
Kid''nap, r. t. [-naped (-napt), -rap- tion; a department. —
King'fisher, n. bird of sev- A
ing.] To steal and carry away or secrete (a man, eral widely distributed genera, inhabiting borders
woman, or child). of streams, and living on fish,
Kiddle, kid-'dl, n. A
kind of wear in a river for which it takes by darting
catching fish, —
corrupt, pron. kittle. down on its prey in the water.
—
Kidney, kid'nT, n. ; pi. -neys, -niz. (Anat.) One of King'-bird, n. A
small bird
2 oblong, flattened glands, at each side of the lum- of N. Amer., the tyrant fly-
bar vertebrse, and surrounded with fatty tissue, catcher or bee-martin, noted —
which constitute the secretory organs of the urine. for its courage in driving
Habit; disposition; sort; kind; a waiting-servant.
Kid'ney-bean, n. (Bot.)
bean, —
sort of
shaped like the kidney.
A of its nest. —
larger birds from the vicinity
crab, n.
crustacean, having the form
large A
Kid'ney-form, -shaped, -shapt, a. of a horse's foot, with sharp, Kingfisher.
Shaped like, etc. straight tail-spine horse-shoe
;

Kilderkin, kil'der-kin, n. srtiall ift_j_^ A crab. kill'er, n. One who kills a king; a regicide.—
barrel; a liquid measure containing \l; -post, n. (Arch.) A
beam in the
16 or 18 gallons. frame of a roof, or any compound
Kill, kil, V. t. [KILLED (kild), kill- girder binding the tie-beam to
ing.] To deprive of life, animal or —
the ridge. King's Bench. (Law.)
vegetable to put to death, slay, ^^ The highest court of common
;

destroy; to deprive of active quali- t^.- j„.„ ^i,„v^„/i

Kxdney-shaped
law in Eng., —
so called because
i

- ties, appease, quell, calm, still. the king used to sit there in "per-
Killikinick. See Kinnikinic.
^*'''-^-
son. —
King's'-evil, 7i. scrofu- A A, King-post,
Killock, kiKlok, «. A
wooden anchor, for mooring a lous disease, formerly supposed to be healed by the
fishing boat at sea; in N. Eng., a small iron anchor. touch of a king.
Kiln, kfl, n. A
large furnace or oven for calcining, Kink, kink, n. A
spontaneous twist or doubling upon
vitrifying, baking, burning, or drying anything; a itself of a rope or thread, which prevents its running
pile of brick for burning or hardening. Kiln'-dry, — freely; a crotchet; whim. v. i. —
[kinked (kinkt),
kil'dri, v. t. To dry in a kiln. kinking.] To twist or knot spontaneously.
Kilogram, kiKo-gram, ahhr. Kilo, ke''lo, n. A measure Kinnik i ni c, kin'nt-kT-nik'', w. A
preparation for smok-
of weight, — 1,000 grams = 2.67951 pounds
troy, or ing used by the North American Indians, consisting
2.20485 "pounds avoirdupois (15,432.31 grains). Ki- — of the bark and leaves of red sumac or red willow.

etiii, cube, full ;. moon, fdbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, liien, boifboif, chair, set.
 KINO 216 KNOW
Eino, Wno, n. An asti-ingent extract of a deep Knoll, nel, n. The stroke of a bell, rung at a funeral,
brownish-red color, obtained from tropical trees. or at the death of a person; a death-signal. v.i. —
Kiosk, kl-osk'', 71. A
Turkish open summer-house, [knelled (neld), knelling.] To sound as a knell,
supported by pillars. or as a warning or evil omen.
Kip, kip, n. The skin of a young beast. Kip''-skin, — Knew. See Know.
ti. Leather prepared from the skin of young cattle, Knickerbockers, nik-'gr-bok'erz, w.»Z. Trousers end-
intermediate between calf-skin and cow-hide. ing at the knee, as worn in Holland, and now by
Kipper, kip''per, I'. <. [-pered (-perd), -i'eeing.] To sportsmen, young boys, etc.
cure (fish) by means of salt and pepper, and by Knickknack, nik^'nak, n. A trifle or toy bawble.
—
hanging up. n. A salmon after spawning, also one Knife, nif, n. ; pi. Knives, nivz. A cutting instrument
;

split open, salted, and dried or smoked. having a_ blade with a sharp edge and a handle.
Kirk, kerk, n. In Scot., a place of worship; church the ; Knight, nit, n. A military attendant; a follower; a
established church in Scotland. partisan ; champion : lover; one
Kirtle, ker'^tl, n. An upper garment; gown; petticoat; admitted, in feudal times, to a
short jacket. certain militarj' rank, with
Kiss, kis, V. t. [KISSED (kist), kissing.] To salute or special ceremonies; in Eng.,
caress with the lips; to buss; to touch gently. v. i. — one on whom a dignity next
To ioin lips, touch, meet. n. salute made by A below that of baronet is con-
touching with the lips pressed closely together and ferred by the sovereign, enti-
suddenly parting them a small piece'of confection- ; tling him to be addressed as Sir;
ery. a piece in the game of chess,
Kit, kit, n. A
vessel of various kinds; esp., a wooden usually bearing a horse's head.
tub; that which comprises a necessary outfit, as of — V. t. To dub or create a
tools, necessaries, etc., as of a workman, soldier, etc. —
knight. Knight'ly, -It, a.
Kit. kit, n. A
small violin or fiddle. Pert, to, or becoming, a knight.
Kitchen, kich'en, n. A
room appropriated to cook- — adv. In a manner becoming,
ery ; a utensil for roasting meat. etc. — Knight'liness, n. —
Kite, kit, n. A
rapacious bird of the hawk kind, dis- Knight'hood, -hdt)d, n. Char-
tin^. fr. hawks and falcons by having a forked tail acter, dignity, or condition of
and long wings ; one a knight the whole body of
;

• who is rapacious ; a knights at a particular time.

frame of wood cov- Knit, nit, v. t. [knit or knit-
ered with paper, for ted, -ting.] To form into a
flying in the air ; fic- knot or into knots; to tie; to
titious commercial pa- form, by the interlooping of
per designed to de- yarn or thread in a series of
ceive. — v.i. Lit., to fly connected knots, by means of
a kite ; to raise money. Kite needles; to join, cause to grow
or sustain one's credit together; to unite closely, con-
by the use of fictitious mercantile paper. nect; to draw together, con- Knight in full
Kith, kith, ?i. Acquaintances or friends. — Kit?i and tract. — V. To
unite or weave
i.
Armor.
kin. Intimate acquaintance and relations. anything by making knots; to be united closely.
Kitten, kiftn, n. A young cat. — v. i. [kittened Knot, not, n. A
complication of
(-tiid), -tening.] To bring forth young, as a cat. threads, cords, or ropes, formed by
Kleptomania, klep-to-ma''nT-a, n. A morbid impulse tying, knitting, or entangling,
to steal; propensity to thievishness. which resists separation a bond ;

Knab, nab, v. t. [knabbed (nabd), -bing.] To seize of union; connection something ;

with the teeth, lay hold of. not easily solved; a difficulty; per-
Knack, nak, ?i. A petty contrivance; toy; something plexity; a figure, the lines of
requiring neat performance facility of perform- ;
which are interlaced or intricately
ance dexterity adroitness.
; ; interwoven; a collection; band ;

Knacker, nak'er, n. A dealer in old horses for slaugh- clique a joint in the stem of a
;

ter, and in hoofs, dog's meat, etc. plant; a hard place in wood caused
Knap, nap, ?i. A protuberance; knob or button ris- ; by fibers passing transversely
ing ground a summit. ; across the grain, as at the insertion
Knap, nap, v. t. [kxapped (napt), -ping.] To bite, of a branch; a protuberance.
bite off; to strike with a loud noise; to snap. — v. i. {Nuut.) A
division of the log-line,
To make a short, sharp sound to serving to measure the rate of the
snap. —
Knap''sack, n. case for A
;

vessel's motion. A
nautical mile of Knots.
food, clothing, etc., borne on the back 6,086.7ft. {Ornith.') bird allied A a, single knot; b.
by soldiers, travelers, etc. to the snipe. v. t. —
To form a double knot ; c,
Knar, Knarl. See Gnarl. knot; to unite closely; to entangle; figure of 8 knot
Knave, nav, ii. A
dishonest person; perplex. —
V. z. To form knots or rf.over-hand knot;
rascal; villain; a playing-card marked joints. —
Knot'ty, -tT, a. [-tier, ^' "^"^i'"^ ''°°'-

with the figure of a servant or soldier, -TiEST.] Having many knots; hard; rugged; diffi-
a jack. —
Knav'ery, -er-I, n. Dishon- cult; intricate; perplexed.
esty petty villainy trickery mis- Knives. See Knife.
;

chievous practices. Knav^'ish, a. Knapsack. —

; ;

Knob, nob, n. A hard protuberance; bunch; round

Like a knave villainous. ; ball at the end of anything; a ball-shaped handle.
Knead, ned, v. t. To work and press into a mass; esp., Knock, nok, v. i. [knocked (nokt), knocking.] To
to work into a well-mixed mass, as the materials of strike or beat with something hard or heavy; to
bread. strike against, clash, —v. t. To strike, drive against;
Knee, ne, n. {Aiiat.) The joint connecting the 2 to strike for admittance, rap upon (a door, etc.) —
principal parts of the leg. (Mech.) piece of timber A n. A
stroke with something heavy; a rap.
or metal witli an angle in the shape of the bent knee. Knoll. Same as Knell.
— Knoll, nol, n. The top or crown of a hill; esp.. a little
knees.
to the knees.
—
Knee'-deep, a. Rising to the knees; sunk to the
high, -hi, a. Rising or reaching upward
—
-joint, n. {Mach.) joint consist- A
round hill or mount; a small elevation of earth.
Knot, etc. See under Knit.
ing of 2 pieces butting on each other like the knee Knout, nowt or noot, ?i. An instrument of punish-
bent, so as to thrust with increasing power when ment in Russia, with which stripes are inflicted on
pressed into a straight line a toggle-joint. pan, the bare back. v. t. —
To punish with the knout.
—
;

n. (Anat.) The patella, a flattened round bone Know, no, v.

t. [knew (nu), known (non), know-
on the front part of the knee-joint^ Kneel, nel, v. — ing.] be aware of as true or actual; to have
To
i. [knelt (nelt) or kneeled (neld), kneeling.] mental cognition of,; to perceive or apprehend
To bend the knee, fall on the knees. clearly; to oe acquainted with; to recognize; to ac-

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; Cdd. tone, 5r
 — ; —

KNUCKLE 217 LACTEAL

knowledge, approve to have sexual commerce
; les. —
Znuck'le-joint, 7!. (Mach.) joint or hinge A
with. v.i. To have knowledge, possess informa- in which a projection on one part enters a recess on
tion; to take cognizance. —Know'ing, p. a. Skill- the other and is held by a pin on which both turn.
ful; well-informed; intelligent. —
Know'ingly. a(/r. Enur, Knurr, ner, Knurl,'«. A
contorted knot in wood;
With knowledge ; intelligently deliberatelv. ;
— nodule ;protuberance hard substance a cross-
; ;

Knowledge, nSKej, n. Act of knowing certain ; grained fellow.

apprehension; that which is known a cognition ; ; Kobalt. Same as Cobalt.
learning; scholarship; familiar- "^ Eobold, ko'bSld or kob'Sld, n. kind of domesticA
it}'gained by actual experience; r spirit or elf among the Germans.
practical skill; information; no- Eopeck, ko'pek, n. A
Russian coin worth about 2-3ds
tice: sexual intercourse.
Enuckle, nuk'l, n. The joint of
%, of a cent.
Koran, ko'ran oi- ko-ran', n. The sacred writings of
a linger, esp. when made pro- the Mohammedans, —
same as Alcouax.
tuberant by closing the fingers; Kraal, kral or krawl, n. In S. Africa, a village; col^
knee-joint, esp. of a calf. v. i. — lection of huts; hut.
[KN'UCKLED (-Id), -LING.] To Knuckle-joint. Kreosote. Same as Creosote.
submit in contest to an antag- Kreutzer, kroit'ser, n. A
German coin of variable
onist; to yield, —
said to be de- ^' pi": -S. thimWe; C,
spade-handle.
value, —
less than a cent.
rived from the old custom of Kyanize, ki''an-Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To
striking the under side of a table when defeated in render proof against decay, as wood, by steeping it
argument.— v. t. To beat or strike with, the kauck- in a solitioii of corrosive sublimate, or other agent.

L.
L, el, the 12th letter of the En?, alphabet, has only 1 Labyrinth, lab'Y-rinth, n. A place full of intricacies,
sound, as in like, canal. In Eng. words, the termi- or formed with winding passages; any involved in-
nating syllable le is unaccented and the e is silent, closure, or object or arrangement of involved form;
as in able, eagle, pronounced abl, egl. L of a — an inextricable or bewildering difficulty; maze.
house. A wing, or part attached to the main build- Lac, lak, n. A
red, resinous substance produced by an
ing; properly, a wing joined at right angles to the insect, mainly upon the banyan tree, fr. which are
main building, giving it the shape of the letter L. made shellac, sealing-wax, varnishes, dyes, etc. in ;

la, la. (3Ius.) A syllable applied to the 6th tone of the E. Indies, 100,000, —
as, a lac of rupees. Lac''- —
the scale for the purpose of solmization. c[uer, Lack'^er, n. A
varnish for metals, etc., consist-
La, law, inter). Look; see; behold. ing of a solution of sheUac in alcohol, colored by
Labamin, lab'a-rum, n. The imperial standard adopt- gamboge, saffrcm, etc. v. t. [lacquered (-kerd),
ed by the Emperor Constautine after his conversion -QUEEixG.] To varnish with, etc.
to Christianity. Lace, las, n. A string or cord for fastening; an orna-
Label, la''bel, n. A narrow paper, parchment,
slip of mental network of linen, silk, or cotton. v. t. —
etc., affixed to anything, indicating its contents, [laced (last), lacing.] To draw together with a
ownership, etc.; any paper annexed to a will by lace or string; to adorn with lace; to variegate with
way of addition, as a codicil. {Her.) fillet with A stripes; to be'at. —
v. i. To have a lace; to be tied with
pendants or points, usually 3. (Goth. Arch.) pro- A —
a lace or string. La'^cing, n. A fastening with a cord
jecting tablet or molding over through eyelet-holes; a cord used in fastening.
doorways, windows, etc.; drip- Lacerate, las''er-at, v. t. To tear, rend, wound, sepa-
stone.— w. «. [labeled C-beld), rate by violence, injure, or afflict.
LABELING.] To affix a label to. Lache, lash. Laches, lash'ez, w. {Law.) Negligence;
_

Labial, la''bT-al, a. Pert, or belong- remissness; nejjlect to do a thing at the proper time.
ing to the lips. (Pron.) Uttered Lachrymal, lak'^rT-mal, a. Generating or secreting
principally with the lips, as b, m, tears; pert, to, or conveying, tears. Lach'rymose'', —
and p. —n. (Pron.) A
letter -mos', a. Generating or shedding tears; tearful.
representing a sound formed Lacing. See under Lace.
chiefly with the lips. —
La-'biate, Lack, lak, v. t. [lacked (lakt), lacking.] To be desti-
-at, -ated, a. (Bat.) Having the tute of, be in need of, want. v. i. —
To be in want,
limb of a tubular corolla or calyx Label. {Her.) be wanting. —w. Want; destitution; need; failure.
divided into 2 unequal parts, one projecting over the Lackaday, lak'a-da', interj. Alas, an expression of—
other like the lips of a mouth. sorrow or regret.— Lackadai'sical, -da'zt-kal, -dai''-
Labor, la''ber, n. Toil or exertion, physical or mental, sy, -zTC, a. Affectedly pensive or sentimental.
esp. when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable; that Lacker. Same as Lacquer, under Lac.
which requires hard work for its accomplishment; Lackey, lak'^I, w, ; pZ. -eys, -iz. An attending serv-
drudgery: work; task; travail; the pangs and efforts ant; servile follower. v.'t. —To attend, wait upon.
of childbirth. —
V. i. [labored (-herd), -borixg.] Laconic, la-kon'ik, a. Pert, to Laconica or its inhab-
'

To exert muscular strength,, work, toil; to exert itants; expressing much in few words; brief; con-
one's powers of mind; to take pains; to be oppressed cise; pithy. — A concise, sententious method of
71.

with difficulties; to be in travail. (Naut.) To pitch speaking: laconism; a concise phrase or expression.
and roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. v. t. — — Lacon^'ical, a. Same as Laconic— Lacon'ically,
To work at; to form with toil, exertion, or care; to adv. — Lac'enism, -izm, Lacon''icism, -T-sizm, A 7i.

finish or prosecute with effort; to urge. La'^borer, — concise manner of expression; laconic style; senten-
-ber-er, n. One who labors in a toilsome occupation, tious phrase. — Lac'onize, d. [-nized (-ni'zd), -niz-
i.
esp. one requiring little skill. —
Labc'rious, -bo'rT- ing.] To speak in a concise, sententious manner.
us, a. Requiring or employing labor, perseverance, Lacrosse, la-kros', n. An outdoor game, orig. of the
or sacrifices; toilsome; irksome; using exertion; dili- Canadian Indians, played on ice or level ground,
fent; industrious. —
La'borsome, -sum, a. (Naut.) with balls and a wicker bat {crosse).
nclined to roll or pitch, as a ship in a heavy sea. Lacquer. See under Lac.
Laboratory, lab'o-ra-to-rt, n. A
place for operations Lacteal, lak-'te-al, a. Pert, to, or resembling, milk
and experiments in chemistry, pyrotechny, etc. milky. {Ayiat.) Conveying chyle. n. One of the — ;

place where anything is prepared for use. minute tubes which convey the chyle from the
Laburnum, la-ber^'num, n. An Alpine tree, cultivated small intestine through the mesenteric glands to the
for its pendulous racemes of yellow flowers. thoracic duct. —
Lac'tate, w. {Chem.) salt formed A
stin. cube.. fuU ; moon. f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. liien. boNbON, chair, get.
 LACUNA 218 LANCE
by the union of lac- Laity. See under L.4Y, a.
tic acid, or acid of Lake, lak, n. A large collection of water surrounded
milk, with a base. — by land.— Lacus'tral, -trine, -trin, «. Pert, to lakes
Lacta'tion, n. Act or swamps.
of giving suck, or Lake, lak, n. A
deep-red coloring matter, consisting
time of suckling: se- of aluminous earth and cochineal or other red sub-
cretion or excretion stance; a compound of animal or vegetable coloring
of milk.— Lac'tean, matter and a metallic oxide.
a. Milky resem- Lamb, lam, n. The young of the sheep kind one as
:

bling, or "consisting innocent and gentle as a lamb. v. i. To bring — ;

of, iiiilk; conveying forth lambs, as sheep.

chyle. — Lac'teous, Lambent, lanT^bent, a. Playing on the surface; touch-
-te"-ns, o. ^lilky: re- ing lightly; gliding over; twinkling or gleaming.
sembling milk; lae- Lambreo[uin, lam'ber-kin, n. A covering for a knight's
t eal, conveying helmet, protecting it from heat, moisture, etc.; orna-
chyle. —
Lactes''- mental drapery hanging from a window casing, a
cence, -sens, n. Ten- shelf, etc.
dency to milk; milk- Lame, lam, a. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or
iness" or milky color. otherwise injured so as to be unsound and impaired
{Bot.)The Juice, in strength imperfect not satisfactory hobbling;
;

— ;
;

commonly white, Lacteals and Adiacent

Parts
not smooth. v. t. [lajied (lamd), lami.vg.] To
which ti o w s from a, aorta, 6 thoracic canal e lym make lame, cripple, render imperfect and unsound.
some plants when phatic glands; rf. radicals of the Lament, la-menf, v. i. To weep or wail, mourn; to
wounded. — Lactes''- chyliferous vessels intestine ; c;, ;
feel deep regret or sorrow. v. t. To mourn for, —
cent, a. Producing
/, mesentery g, lacteals. ;
bemoan, deplore, bewail. w. Grief expressed in — —
milk or white juice abounding with a thick, colored
;
complaints or cries lamentation an elegy.
; Lam''- ;

juice. — Lactom'^eter, An
instrument for ascer-
n. entable, a. To be lamented; sorrowful; expressing
taining the proportion of cream in milk; galactom- grief; fitted to awaken lament; pitiable; miserable;
eter; a'kindof hydrometer for ascertaining thevalue pitiful; low; poor. —
Lam'entably, adv. Lamenta'- —
of milk bv noting its specific gravity. tion, n. Act of bewailing expression of sorrow. ;

Lacuna, la-ku''na, n. ; pi. -^m, -ne. A small opening, Lamina, lam''T-na, n. ; pi. -n^e, -ne. thin plate or A
pit, or depression; blank space; vacancy; hiatus. •
scale: a layer lying over another. {Anat.) A bone,
(Bot.) The small pit or cup-shaped depression in or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate. {Bot.) The
the top of the thallus of some lichens; a vacant space blade of a leaf.
between the cells of plants; an air-cell. (Anat.) A Lammas, lam'mas, n. The 1st day of August.
small cavity or sac in a mucous membrane. Lammergeir, lam''mer-gir; -geyer,"-gi-er, n. A vulture
Lacustral, Lacustrine. See under Lake. of the Eastern hemis-
Lad, lad, n. A
young man, or boy; stripling; fellow; phere, having the neck '

comrade. covered with feathers

Ladanum, lad'a-num, n. A gum-resin of a dark color like true eagles, and
and pungent odor, used as an external stimulant. seeking living animals
Ladder, lad''der, n. A frame of wood, rope, etc., con- for food as well as car-
sisting of 2 side-pieces, connected by rounds, form- rion.
ing steps by which persons may ascend; that which Lamp, lamp, n. A ves-
resembles a ladder in form or vise; that by means of sel for producing arti-
which one attains to eminence. ficial light or heat by
Lade, lad, v. t. [imp. laded p. p. laded, laden ; ;
means of a wick satu-
LADING.] To load to put on or m, as a burden or rated withinflammable Lammergeir.
^
;

freight to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle

; ; liquid whatever yields light or cheerfulness.
;

to dip. — Lad'ing, n. That which lades or constitutes Lamp-'-black, n. A

black pigment of fine charcoal
a load or cargo; freight; burden. La''dle, -dl, n. A — deposited from smoke of burning oil, resinous sub-
cup with a long handle, used in lading or dipping; stances, etc.
the iloat, of a mill-wheel. {Gun.) An instrument for Lamper-eel. SameasLAMPEEY'.
drawing the charge of a cannon. v. t. [ladled — Lampoon, lam-poon'', n. A personal satire in writing.
(-did), -DLING.] To use a ladle for dipping or draw- —
V. t. [LAMPOONED (-pOOlld''), -POONIXG.] To
ing out. abuse in written satire; to libel, calumniate, la.sh.
Lady, la'dt, n. A mistress the female head of a ; Lamprey, lam-'pre, n. An eel-like fish, having a round,
household a woman of social distinction or posi-
; sucking mouth, set with numerous minute teeth.
tion; the feminine corresponding to lord ; a woman Lanate, la'^nat, -nated, a. Woolly. {Bot.) Covered
of gentle or refined manners a wife, or spouse. — with a substance like curled hairs. Lanif'erous,
La'dyship, n. Rank or position of a lady, used
;

— -er-us, -nig'erous, -nij^er-us, a. Bearing or produ-

as a title. —
La^'dy-bird, -bug, n. (Entom.) A small, cing wool. — La'nary, -na-rT, n. A store-place for
hemispherical, spotted beetle, feeding on plant-lice. wool.
Lag, lag, a. Slow; tardy; last; long-delayed. n. One — Lance, lans, n. A weapon consisting of a long shaft
who lags; thatwhich comesinlast; thefag-end; rump; and metal point spear a soldier armed with a
; ;

lowest class amount of retardation

; of anything, spear; lancer. —
v. t. [lanced (lahst), lancing.] To
as a valve in a steam-engine. v. i. [lagged (lagd), — pierce with a lance; to open with a lancet; to throw
-GING.] To walk or move slowly, stay behind, loiter, m
the manner of a lance. Lan''cer, n. — —
linger, delay. —
v. t. To cover (a steam-boiler, etc.), Lance'wood, n. A
light, tough, elastic tim-
to prevent radiation of heat. Lag'^gard, a. Slow; — ber fr. the W. Indies.— Lan'ceolate, -se-o-lat,
sluggish; backward.— 7z. One who, etc. Lag'^ger, -lated, a. (Bot.) Oblong and
n.— Lag'ging, n. The nonconducting covering of a gradually tapering toward
steam-boiler; timber of a shaft in mines; planking the outer extremity. Lan'-
over centering of arches and tunnels. cet, -set, n. A surgical in-
Lager-beer, la'ger-ber, n. German beer. A strument, sharp-pointed
Lagoon, la-goon', n. A
creek, shallow pond, or lake, and two-edged, used in ve-
esp. one into which the sea flows lake in a coral ; nesection, and in opening
island. tumors, abscesses, etc.
Laic, Laical. See under Lay, a. {Arch) A high and narrow
Laid. See Lay, v. t. window
— pointed like a
Lain. See Lie. lancet. Lan'cinating, -sY-
Lair, lar, n. A
place in which to lie or rest; esp. the nat-ing, a. Acute darting
bed of a wild beast; any couch or resting-place. (pains), as if fr. the thrust
Laird, lard, n. In Scot., a lord a landholder under ; of a lancet. —
Lanch, v. t.
the degree of a knight or squire. [LANCHED (lancht), lanch- Lancet Window.
^m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, terra: if" ice; Odd, tone, 6r;
 ; < — — —

LAND 219 LARVA

INC.] To throw, as a lance, dart; to pierce with a polish (glass, etc.) with a lap. —v. i. To extend over
lance. or upon ; to lay partlj" over something else. Lap'- —
Land, land. Earth, or the solid matter constituting
n. ful, -ful, n. As much as the lap can contain.— Lap'-
the surface of the slobe any portion of the surface
; stone,'n. A stone for the lap, on which shoemakers
of the globe, considered as belonging to an individ- —Lap'dog, n. A
small dog held in
ual or people ground soil inhabitants of a re-
: ;

gion; the main land, disting. from an adjacent island;

; the lap. —
beat leather.
streak, a. Alade with boards whose edges
lap one over another. —
LapeK, n. That part or a
the ground or floor. (Law.) Any earth whatso- coat which is made to fold over. Lap'pet, n. Part —
ever; real estate.
— —
v. t. To set on sliore, disembark, of a garment, etc., hanging loose; a flap.
debark. 1-. i. To go on shore from a vessel, dis- Lap, lap, V. t. [LAPPED (lapt), -pixg.] To fold, wrap,
embark.— Land'ing, n. Act of, or place for, going or
putting onshore from a vessel; platform of a rail-
or twist round; to infold, involve. v, i. To be —
spread or laid on or over; to be turned over or upon.
road station. (Arch.) The level floor at the end of Lap, lap, V. i. To take up food or drink with the
a flight of stairs, or a resting place between 2 fliglits. tongue; to make a sound like that produced by tak-
— Land'itig-place, n. A landing. Land'less, a. — ing up drink with the tongue. v. t. To take with,
Having no property in land.— Land' ward, adv. To- the tongue, lick up.
—
ward tfie land. Land'fall, w. A su<lden transfer- Lapidary, lap'I-da-rT, n. An artificer who cuts, pol-
ence of propertj' in land by the death of its owner. ishes, and engraves precious stones; a liealer in, or
(Naut.) The first land discovered after a voyage. — virtuoso skilled in gems, etc. a. Pert, to the—
Land'lady. n. A
woman who has tenants holding art of cutting stones.
from her; mistress of a lodging-house. Land'lock, — Lapse, laps, n. Agliding, slipping, or gradual falling;
V. t. To inclose or encompass by land. Land'lord, — unobser'C^d progress or passing away; a slip; error;
n. The lord of a manor or of Taud the owner of : failing in duty. {Eccl. Law.) Omission of a patron
land or houses who has tenants under him master ; to present a clerk to a benefice within 6 months
of an inn or lodging-house. Land''mark, n. A — after it becomes void. —
v.i. [lapsed (lapst), lap-
mark to de.«ignate"the boundary of land an3' fixed ; sing.] To pass silently or by degrees, glide, slip; to
and known object or prominent feature of a local- commit a fault, deviate from rectitude, fail in duty;
ity a striking historical event.
; {Kaut.) Any ele- to pass from one proprietor to another, by the negli-
vated object on land that serves as a guide to sea- gence or failure of some one. {Law.) To become
men. — Land'scape, -skap, n. portion of land A ineffectual or void.
which the eye can comprehend in a single view; a Lapsided, lop'sTd-ed, a. Same as Lopsided.
picture exhibiting somereal or fancied scene in na-
— Land'grave, -grav, n. A German nobleman Lapwing, lap' wing, n. A
wading bird of the plover
ture. family found on'the sea-
—
of the rankof anEng. earl or French count. Land'- coast and on marshy
gravine, -ven,«.. Wife of, etc. moors in Eng. ; the
landau, lan''do, n. A
kind of coach whose top may pewit.
be thrown back. Lar, lar, n.; pi. Lares,
Lane, Ian, n. A
narrow la'rez. {Rom. Antiq.) A
way, road, street, alley, household deity, regard-
or "private passage; ed as the soul of a de-
passage between hnes ceased ancestor.
of pe'ople standing on Larboard, 1 a,r ' b e r d, n.
each side. {Naut.) The left-hand
Language, lan''gwej, n. t a side of a ship (looking
Human speech expres- ;
J-ianaau. toward the prow) port. ;
Lapwing.
sion of ideasby the voice, by writing, or other in stru- Larceny, lar'se-nt, n.
mentaUty; forms of speech, peculiar to a particular {Law.) Unlawful taking of others' property theft.
nation; characteristic mode of arranging words pe- — Lar'cenous, -se-nus, a. Of the nature of, or given
;

culiar to an individual speaker or writer; style; to, etc.

ideas suggested bj' inanimate objects; a nation, as Larch, larch, n. A coniferous tree, having deciduous
disting. bytheir speech ; tongue idiom dialect. ; ; leaves, in whorls or clusters.
Languish, lan'gwish, v. i. [-guished (-gwisht), Lard, liird, n. The fat of swine, melted and separated
-GU'iSHiXG.] To become languid or weak; to suffer, from the flesh. —
i\ t. To smear or mix with lard ;
as from heat or drought: to grow dull, pine, droop, to grease; to fatten, enrich to mix with something
;

faint; to look with tenderness.-^ ?i. Act or condition by way of improvement to interlard. Larda'- —
—
;

of, etc. tender look or appearance.

; Lan'guor, ceous, -shus, a. Consisting of, or resembling, lard.
-gwer, 71. State of being languid; lassitude; dullness —
—
Lard'er, n. A room where food is stored; pantry.
of the intellectual faculty listlessness. Lan^guid,
; — Lard'erer, n. One in charge of the larder.
-gwid, a. Drooping from exhaustion; indisposed to Lares. See Lar.
exertion; slow in progress promoting or indicating Large, liirj, a. Having great size, wide, extensive,
—
:

weakness; faint; heavy dull; weary; without ani- said of surface or area abundant, plentiful, of
—
; ;

mation. quantity ; numerous, populous, bulky, huge, of

Laniard. Same as Laxyard. size; diffuse, full, —
of language, style,' etc.; liberal,
Laniferous, Lanigerous. See under Laxate. comprehensive, —
of the mind; generous, noble,
Lank, lank, a. Loose or lax, and yielding to pressure; of the heart or affections. —
Lar'gess, n. present; A
thin and slender; not plump; not full and firm. gift ; donation. —
Lar'go, a. {Mus.) Slowly. Lar- —
Lantern, lan^'tem, n. A
portable or fixed transparent ghet'to, -get'to, a. {Mus.) Somewhat slowlj% but
case inclosing a light, and protecting it from wind, not so slowly as largo.
rain, etc.; upper part of a lighthouse. {Arch.) A Lariat, lar't-at, n. A long rope or cord for picketing
little dome over the roof of a building to give light; horses in camp, also used as a lasso.
an open tower. (3fach.) A trundle wheel. Dark, — Lark, lark, n. A migratory singing bird of several
lantern. A
lantern with a single opening, which species, having a long, straight hind claw, strong
may be closed to conceal the light. bill, and erectile crest; esp. tlie skylark or laverock.
—
!

Lanyard, lan'yard, n. {Naut.) A short piece of line V. i. [larked (larkt), larking'.] To catch larks.
'

for fastening something in ships. (Mil.) piece A — Lark' spur, n. A

plant with showy blue, red, or
of twine, with an iron hook at one end, used in fir- •

white flowers delphinium.

;

ing cannon with a friction-tube. Lark, lark, w. Afrolic; a jolly time. v.i. To make
Lap, lap, n. The loose part of a coat part of the ; sport, frolic.
clothing that lies on the knees when one sits down Larrup, ISr'rup, v. t. To beat or flog.
part of the body thus covered; part of any sub- Larum, ISr'um, n. An alarm; anything to give an
stance which extends over or lies upon another; an alarm or notice.
edge; border; hem. {Mach.) A piece of soft metal, Larva, lar'va,.w. pi. -yje, -ve. An insect in the first
,•

used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cut- stage after leaving the es^; a caterpillar, grub, or
ting glass, gems, etc., or in polishing cutlery, etc. — j

maggot. —
Lar'vatidd, a. Masked clothed as with
— ;
i

V. t. [LAPPED (lapt), -PING.] {Mach.) To cut or I

a mask. Larve, larv, n. Same as Larva.

sQn, cube, full ; moon, f(56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tJien, boNboN, chair, get.
 LARYNX 220 LAUD
larynx, ISr^inks, ;;. {Anat.) The upper part of the touch or by thermometer, but which becomes sensi-
trachea or windpipe, ble heat during certain changes in the bodj'.
constituting the or- A. ts Lateral, lafer-al, a. Proceeding from, or attached
gan of voice. —
Lar- to, the side; directed to the side. Lat'erally, adv. —
By the side ; sidewise ; in the direction of the side.
yngeal, lar'in-je'al
or la-rin''je-al, -gean,
a. Pert, to the larynx.
A-^ Lath, lath, n. ; pi. Laths, liithz. tliin, narrow
board, or strip of wood to support tiles, covering, or
A
— Laryngofomy, plastering. —
Lath, lath, v. t. [lathed (latJid), lath-
-gofo-ml, n. (Surg.) tk- IXG.] To cover or line with laths. Lath''ing, n. A —
Operation of cutting covering of, or process of covering with, etc. -^
into the larynx, from Lath'y, lath''I, a. ,Thin as a lath; long and slender.
the o u t s i'd e of the
neck, to assist respi-
cr—i
ration when ob-
structed, or to re-
move foreiffu bodies. Larynx.
X>ascar, las kar or las- .j^lateral view of laryns; B, section
kar',W. In E.Indies, of larynx; /», hyoid bone; th, thy-
a native sailor, em- roid cartilage ; ar, arytenoid car-
ployed in European tilage ; c?', cricoid cartilage ; tr^
vessels; a camp fol- trachea ; t, tongue ; si, superior
vocal cord; ir, inferior vocal cord
lower. ;

XascivioTis, las-siv'l-
y, ventricle. Lathe.
us, a. Loose ; wanton lewd ; lustful; tending to A, shears or framing ; B, lead-screw ; C, tail-stock ; D, com-
produce lewd emotions. pound rest ; F, face-plate L, feed ; M, head-stock.
;

Xash, lash, n. The thong of a whip; a whip; scourge; Lathe, lath, n. (Macli.) A
machine-tool in which a,
cord; string: a stroke with a whip; stroke of satire revolving piece of wood, metal, etc., may be shaped
or sarcasm; cut. v. t. —
[lashed (lasht), lashixg.] by a cutting instrument ; the movable swing-frame
To strike with a lash, whip, scourge; to satirize; to of a loom.
throw up with a sudden jerk; to dash against; to tie Lather, la1iL''er, v. i. [-eeed (-erd), -ERI^'G.] To form
or bind with a rope or cord. —
v. i. To ply the whip, a foam with water and soap to become frothy. ;
—
make a severe attack. v.t. To spread over with lather. n. Foam made —
lassj las, n. A young woman girl. ; by soap moistened with water froth from profuse ;

Xassitade, las'sl-tud, 7i. State of being relaxed or sweat, as of a horse.

weak; languor of body or mind; weariness. Latin, lat''in, a. Pert, to the Latins, a people of La-
Xasso, las-'so, n. ; pi. -sos, -soz. A
rope or long leather tium, in Italy; Roman: pert, to, or composed in, the
thong with a running noose, for catching wild language used by the Romans or Latins. n. A na- —
horses, etc. tive or inhabitant of Latium; the language of the
Last, Lastly. See under Late. ancient Romans.
Last, last, n. Afoot-shaped block, on which boots or Latitude, lafl-tud, n. Extent from side to side, or
shoes are formed. distance sidewise fromagiven point or line; breadth;
Last, V. i. To continue in time_, endure; to continue width; space; looseness; laxity; independence; ex-
—
unimpaired, hold out. Last''ing, j). a. Of long con- tent of signification, application, etc.; extent of de-
tinuance that maj' continue or endure durable viation from a standard, as truth, style, and the like;
permanent.
;

—?«. A
very durable woolen stuff.
;

— ;

amplitude; scope. {Astron.) Angular distance of a

Last'ingly, adv. Durably; with continuance. heavenly body from the ecliptic. (Geog.") Distance
Last, ?i. A
load; a weight or measure, varj'ing as to of any place on the globe from the equator. Lat'- —
different articles, but" estimated at 4,000 lbs.; the itTid'ina''rian, a. Not restrained not confined by
burden of a ship. precise limits; lax in religious principles or views.
;

—
Latakia, lat-a-ke'a, n. A superior quality of Turkish n. One who, etc. {Theol.) One who departs from
smoking tobacco, grown near Latakia, the ancient the strict principles of orthodoxy in Eng., one of :

Laodicea. the Broad Church party. Lat'itud'ina''naiusm, n. —

Latch, lach, n. A
movable catch for fastening a door A
latitudinarian system or state freedom of opinion ;

orgate. (3Vn<f.) A
latching. —
v.t. [latched (lacht), in religious matters laxity of doctrine. ;

latchixg.] To catch or fasten by means of a latch. Latten, lat-'ten, n. fine kind of brass or bronze, A
Latchet, lach'et. n. The string, thong, or fastening of used in the middle ages metal in thin sheets, as
—
;

a shoe or sandal. Latch'ing, n. {]^aut.)_ loop A

sheet tin; iron plate, covered with tin; milled brass.
on the head rope of a bonnet, by w^hich it is con- Latter, Latterly. See under Late.
nected with the foot of the sail. Lattice, lat''tis, n. Work made by crossing laths, rods,
Late, lat, a. [later or latter, latest or last.] or bars, and form-
Coming after others, or after the proper time; slow; ing a u e t-w o r k :
^

tard3'; far advanced towards the end; existing not anything made of
long ago, but not now; deceased; out of office; hap- strips interwoven
pening not long ago; recent. —
adv. After the usual so as to form net-
time, or time appointed; not long ago; lately; far work; esp., a win-
in the- night, week, etc. —
Late'^ly, adv. Not long d o w or window-
ago; recently. —
Late'ness, n. —
Latter, a. Poste- blind.-— I', t. [-TICED
rfor subsecfuent.
;
—
Lafter, ISfter, a. More re- (-tist), -TICIXG.] To
cent; mentioned the last of 2; lately past; modern; form into open
final. —
Latter-day Saint. A
Mormon. Lafterly, —
work to furnish ;

adv. Lately; of late. —

Lat'ish, lafish, a. Some- with a lattice.
—
what late. Lat ''est, a. Longest after the proper Laud, lawd, 7i. eu- A
time; tardiest; last; mo-st recent. —
Last, a. Follow- logy; praise; com-
ing all the rest; final; closing; hindmost; next before mendation t h a t ;

the present; incapable of being increased or sur- part of divine wor-

passed; utmost; most unlikeljs having least fitness. ship which consists
— adv. The last time; the time before the present; in praise music in ;

in conclusion: finally; after all others in order or honor of any one.

time. —
Last'ly, adv'. In the last place; finally. v. t. To praise, —
Lattice Window.
Lateen-sail, la-ten''sal, n. {Naut.) A triangular sail, extol. Laud'able, —
extended \>y a long yard, —used in smalfboats, fe- a. Praiseworthy; commendable: healthy. Laud'"- —
luccas, xebecs, etc., esp. in the Mediterranean. ableness, n. Laud''ably, adv. —
Lauda''tion, n. —
Latent, la'' tent, n. Not visible or apparent; hid; secret; Commendation praise. Laud''atory, -to-rt, a. —
dormant. Lutcntheat. {Physics.) Tliat portion of Containing or expressing praise. n. That whieh,
;

—
heat in any body which cannot be discerned by etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 5r
 —— ;

LAUDANUM 221 LAZZARONI

Lavdanom, la-w'da- or lod'a-nuni,
ture or alcoholic solution of opium.
n. A strong tinc- ing
—
of.
Law'yer, n.
laws. — Onemaker, n. A legislator a lawgiver.
versed in the laws, or a practi-
;

Laugh, laf , v. i. [laughed (laft), laugh ixg.] To ex- tioner of law, — a general term comprehending at-
press mirth, derision, or satisfaction by the coun- torne3^s, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants,
tenance or voice; to appear gay, lively, or brilliant. and advocates.
V. t. To express by laughing to ridicule or deride. ; Lawn, lawn, n. An open space between woods a
— n. An expression of mirth, etc., peculiar to the smooth space of ground covered with short grass,
;

—
human species laughter. Laugh'' able, a. Fitted to
; generally around a hovise; — Lawn'y, -T, a. ievel
excite laughter; droll; ludicrous; comical.— Laugh'- hke a lawn. —
Lawn'ten^nis, n. A variety of the
ing-gas, «. (C?iein.) Nitrous oxide, or protoxide of game of tennis played upon an open lawn instead
nitrogen, —which ordinarily produces exhilaration
when inhaled. — stock, yi.

Laugh'ter, laf'^ter, n. An involuntary movement of

An object of ridicule. —
of in a tennis-court.
Lawn, lawn, n. A
sort of fine linen or cambric, used
esp. for parts of the official robes of a bishop; the
the muscles of the face, or expression of the eyes, official djess itself. —
Lawn'y, a. Made of lawn.
indicating merriment, satisfaction, etc., and usually Lax, laks, a. Not tense, firm, or rigid: flabby; soft;
attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion not tight; sparse not crowded of loose texture;
; ;

of air from the lungs. easy or indulgent in pi-inciples or discipline: having

Launch, liinch, v. t. [launched (liincht), launchixg.] too frequent alvine discharges; slack; unrestrained;
To cause to slide from the land into the water; to dissolute; licentious. — n. A looseness; diarrhea.
send forth or dispatch; to throw (a spear or dart). — — Laxa'^tion, n. Act of loosening, or state of being-
V.i. To go forth, as a ship into the water; to expa- loose or s&ckened. —
Lax''ative, -tiv, a. {Med.}
tiate in language. n. —
The sliding of a ship from Having the quality of loosening or opening the in-
the land into the water. (A'awi.) The largest size testines. n. —
A medicine which, etc.; a gentle pur-
of boat belonging to a ship. gative. — Lax''ity, -t-tl, -ness, n. State or quality of
Laundry, Laundress. See under Lave. being lax, —
as, slackness (of a cord) looseness' (of ;

Laurel, law'rel, n. A
tlowering shrub or tree of sev- a texture) want of exactness or precision want of
; :

eral genera and many species: the Laurus nobilis, or due strictness looseness (of the intestines) open-
sweet bay, with which heroes, poets, and scholars ness. — Lax'^ly, adv.
; ;

were formerly crowned, is an evergreen shrub of Lay, invp. of Lie, q. v.

_
Africa and Europe, with aromatic leaves and purple Lay, la, v. t. [laid (lad), laying.] To cause to lie
berries : the mountain laurel, sheep laurel, and flat or to lie aMinst something else to put down; to ;

swamp laurel are handsome but poisonous species of establish flrmfy; to beat down, prostrate; to place in
Mlniia. ipl.) A
laurel crown; honors. Lau'^reate, — order, arrange regularly; to make ready, provide; to
-re-at, a. Decked or invested with laurel. Poet — spread on a surface to calm, appease, allay to pre-
; ;

laureate. In Eng., an officer of the royal household, vent (a spirit) from manifesting itself ; to deposit (a
orig. retained to compose odes for the king's birth- wager), stake; to bring forth and deposit (eggs); to
day and other state occasions. apply, put; to assess (a tax), impose (a burden, suf-
Lave, lav, v. t. [laved (lavd), l.a.ving.] To wash, fering, or punishment) ; to charge (origin of, or re-
bathe. — v.i. To wash one's self. La'^ver, n. — A sponsibility for) to enjoin (a duty)
; to present or ;

vessel for washing. {Script. Hist.) large brazen A offer. {Naut.) To depress a-nd lose sight of, oy sailing,
vessel in the tabernacle or temple, to hold the water or departing from. {Law.) To state, allege.-^ v. i. To
in which the priests washed their hands and feet produce eggs. {Naut.) To take a position; to come or
—
and the sacrificial animals. Lavatory, IS.v'a-to-ri:, a. go. —
n. That which lies, or is laid; a row stratum; ;

Washing, or cleansing by washing. n. place — A layer; a portion of the proceeds of labor, etc., under-
for washing a wash or lotion for a diseased part
; ; taken on shares. ( Weaving.) swinging frame in a A
place where gold is obtained by washing. Laundry, — loom, which lays the weft-threads parallel to each.
lan^'drT, n. A
washing place where clothes are other against the cloth
—
washed and done up. — ;

v. t. To wash and iron previously woven.

(clothes). —
Laun'derer, -der-er, n. man who A Lay'er, la-'er, n. One
washes clothes. Laun^dress, m. — washerwoman. A who, or that which,
-^ Lav'ender, n. An aromatic plant which yields an lays thing laid, as,
;

oil used in medicine and jjerf umery. Lava, la'va — stratum, bed, body
or la-'va, n. Melted rock ejected by a volcano. spread over another; a
Lavish, lav'ish, a. Expending profusely, excessively, course, as of bricks,
or foolishly; vmrestrained; prodigal: extravagant. stones, etc. ; a shoot or ^^
V. t. [LAVISHED (-isht), -iSHiNG.J To bestow with twig of a plant, not de-
profusion, expend prodigally, squander. [Fr. obs. tached from the stock,
£. lave, to pour out (water) not s. rt. lave, to wash.] laid under ground for Layers.
— —
;

Lav'ishly, adv. Lav'ishment, n. State of being growth or propagation.- -Lay'ering, n. Propagation

laAash; profuse expenditure. Lav^ishness, n. — of plants by layers.
Law, law, n. A
rule of conduct established by au- Lay, la, n. A song; a species of narrative poetry among
thority statute; regulation
; edict; decree the ap- ; ; the ancient minstrels.
pointed rules of a community or state, for the con- Lay, la, a. Pert, to the laity or people, as distinct fr.
trol of its inhabitants ; established usage; arule, •
the clergy or from the members of a learned pro-
principle, or maxim of science or art the Jewish or ; fession; hot clerical. —
Lay'man, n. ; pi. -jiex. One
Mosaic code, disting. fr. the gospel; hence, the Old of the people, disting. fr. the clergy also, one who ;

Testament litigation; legal science; jurisprudence. does not belong to one of the other learned profes-
one who does. — La'ic, a.
;

{Nature.) The regular method or sequence by sions, disting. fr. Pert, to

which certain phenomena follow certain conditions the laitj'. vi. — A layman. — La'ity, -i-tl,
n. The
or causes, etc. any force, tendency, propension, or
;
people, disting. from the clergy.
instinct, natural or'acquired. {Morality.) The will Lay-figure, la''flg'ur, ti. A
jointed figure of wood or
of God, as the supreme moral ruler, concerning the cork, used as an artist's model.
conduct of all responsible beings. Law'ful, -ful, a. — Lazar, la''zar, n. One infected with a pestilential dis-
Agreeable, conformable to, or allowed by, law; com- ease. —
Laz'aret'', -refto, La''zar-house, n. hos- A
petent; constituted bv law: legal; constitutional; le- pital or pest-house for the reception of diseased per-
gitimate; rightful. —Law'fully, adv. In accordance sons. —
Laz'zaro'ni, -nT, n. pi. The beggars and
with law; legally. — Law'fulness, n. — Law'less, a. —
homeless idlers of Naples, so called fr. the hospital
Not subject or unrestrained by, the law of mo-
to, of St. Lazarus.
rality or of society; contrary to, or unauthorized by, Lazuli, laz-'u-li, n. {Min.) fine azure-blue amor- A
the civil law; not subject to the laws of nature.— phous silicate of sodium, calcium, and aluminium,
Lawlessly, ac/w. — Lawlessness, m. — LaWgiver, —
n. valued for ornamental work, called also lapis laz- —
One who makes or enacts a law a legislator. : uli and rdtra-7)iaritie.
Law'suit, n. A process in law instituted for the re- Lazy, la''zT, a. [-ziee, -ziest.] Disinclined to ex«>
covery of a supposed right or to obtain justice an ; tion; moving slowly; sluggish; idle; slothful.
action. —Law'-book, n. A
book containing, or treat- Lazzaroni. See under Lazar.

sun, cube, fuU ; mOon, f^t ; co^y, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boifboif, chair, get.
 LEA 222. LEAVE
Lea, Ley, le, n. A meadow or sward land ; a grassy containing rudiments of common leaves or of a leaf-
field. I
bearing branch.
Leach, lech, r. t [leached (lecht), leaching.] To League, leg, n. A combination of parties for promo-
remove the soluble constituents from any material ting their mutual interest, or executing anv design
(as alkali from ashes) by causing water or other sol- in concert; a national contract or compact; alli-
vent to slowly puss through it. v. i. To part with — ance; confederacy; coalition; combination. v. i.
— A
i

soluble constituents by percolation. rt^ quantity \

[leagued (legd), leaguing.] To unite in a league,
of wood-ashes, throug'h which water passes, imbib- j
confederate. —Leag'uer, n. One who unites in a
ing the alkali a vat^ chamber, or tub for leaching league j_ a confederate.
—
; I

ashes, bark, etc. League, leg, n. A

measure of distance, in Eng. and
=
1

Lead, led, n. A
heavy, soft, bluish-gray metal, easily U. S.the marine league .3 geographical miles.

fusible and ductile; an article made of lead, as, a — Leak, lek, n. A crack, crevice, or hole in a vessel,
that admits a fluid or permits it to escape; oozing of
plummet, for sounding at sea; {Print.) a. thin plate water or other fluid through an aperture in a vessel.
of type-metal, to separate lines in printing a small — V. i. [leaked (lekt), leaking.] To let water,
—
;

C3'linder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils; etc., into or out of a vessel, through a crevice.

sheets of lead covering roofs a roof covered with ;

Leak'age, -ej, ?i. A leaking quantity of a liquor;

that enters or issues by leaking. {Coia.) Allowance

lead-sheets. v. t. —
To cover, or fit, with lead. of a certain rate per cent, for the leaking of casks. —
(Print.) To widen (space between lines) by insert- Leak'y, -T, a. [-iee, -iest.] Permitting liquid to
ing leads. leak in or out; apt to disclose secrets; tattling; not
I^~
This paragraph is leaded.
—
close_. Leak^iness, n.
Leal, lei, a. Faithful loyal true.
; ;

Lead'^ed, p. a. Fitted with, or set in, lead. {Print.) Lean, len, v. i. [leaned (lend) or leant (lent), lean-
Separated by leads, as the lines of a page. Lead'- — ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular position or
en, led''n, a. Made of lead heavy indisposed to ; ;
line; to be in a position thus deviating; to incline in
opinion, conform in conduct; to bend; to depend for
action; dull. —
Lead'ing. n. Lead, or leaden articles
support, comfort, etc. —
v.t. To cause to lean, in-
collectivel}-. — Lead''-pen'cil, n. An instrument for cline, support or rest. —
Lean'-to, -too, n. A building
drawjng, made of black lead or plumbago. whose rafters pitch or lean against another building;
Lead, led, v. t. [led, leadi:xg.J To show the way to, a wall, etc.
guide in a way; to guide by the hand, as a child or Lean, len, a. Wanting in flesh; bare; barren; barren
animal; to direct, as a commander, govern; to intro- of thoughts; jejune; low; poor; thin; meager; lank;
duce by going first, precede; to draw, allure, influ- skinny;" gaunt. —n. The muscular part of flesh,
ence; to pass, spend; to cause to pass or spend. v. Without fat. —
i. Togo before and show the way; to conduct, as Leap, lep, v. i. [leaped (lept) rarely leapt (ISpt),
commander to have precedence or preeminence
; leaping.] To spring from the ground, jump, vault; ;

to put forth, or exercise, a tendency or influence. to make a sudden jump, bound, skip; to manifest
— n. Precedence guidance a navigable opening
; joy or vivacity. v.t. To pass over bj leaping; to —
or lane in an ice-fleld a lode. Lead'er, n. ()ne
;
;

—
copulate with, cover. n. Act of leaping; a jump; —
who, or that which, etc. a guide conductor esp. ; spring: bound; space passed by leaping; a hazardous
; ;

one who goes first a commander the chief of a or venturesome act; copulation with a female beast.
—
:

—
;

party or faction. (31us.) performer who leads a A Leap'er, n. Loap'-frog, n. play among boys, A
band or choir, also, in an orchestra, the performer in which one stoops and another leaps over nimby
on the principal violin; the leading editorial article
in a newspaper; a horse placed in advance of others,
or one of a forward pair; ^jZ. {Print.) a row of dots,
placing his hands on the shoulders of the former.
year, ?i. Bissextile; a year containing 366 da vs
every 4th year, which leaps over a dav more than
— ;

to lead the eye across a space. Ii6ad''ership, n. a common —

year, giving to February 29 days.
State, condition, or office, of a leader command Learn, lern, v. t. [learned (lernd) or leaknt (lernt),
guidance; lead. —
Lead'^ing, ». a. Chief; principal;
;

LEARNING.] Orig., to teach (obs.); to acquire new

;

most important or influential; showing the way by knowledge or ideas from or concerning; to acquire
going first. skill in anything. v. i. To receive information, —
Leaf, lef n. ; pi. Leaves, levz. {Bot.)
, intelligence, instruction, or knowledge. Leam'- —
One of those oi-gans of a plant whicn ing, n. Knowledge of principles or facts received
in the aggregate constitute the foli- by instruction or study, or acquii-ed by experience,
age and in which the sap is aerated experiment, or observation; erudition; lore; scholar-
and elaborated for use, usually a — ship; letters.
flattened expansion of green paren- Lease, les, n. letting of lands, tenements, or here- A
chyma upon a framework (veins or ditaments to another for life, for a term of years,
ribs) of woody fiber, attached by a or at will, for a specified rent or compensation; writ-
ten contract for such letting: tenure bv grant or per-
"^

petiole or leaf'-stalk to a stem or

branch: sepals, petals, scales, spines, mission: time for_which such tenure holds good. —
tendrils, etc., are leaves modified for V. t. [leased (lest), LEASING.] To grant tempora-
special uses. Something which folds, ry possession of lands, etc., forrent; to let. Lessee'', —
bends over, or otherwise resembles a -se', n. {Laiv.) One who takes an estate by lease.
leaf, — as, a part of a book containing Les'sor, -sor, n. One who gives a lease. Lease'- — —
2 pages a side or part, of window-
; Leaf. hold, a. Held by lease. n. A tenure held by lease. —
shutters, folding-doors, etc. the b, blade p, peti- Leash, lesh, n. A"
; thong of leather,;
or line, by which
movable side of a table; a very thin ole, foot-3talk. a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser his dog.
{Sporting.) A brace and a half S creatures of any
plate, as of gold a portion of fat
;

lyin^ in a separate fold or layer a

r leaf-stalk
--^-stipules.
St. —
kind, esp. greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares; the
;
,-
; ;

tooth of a pinion-wheel. —
v. i. [leafed (left), leaf- number 3 in general; a band_wherewitli to tie any-
—
ing.] To shoot, produce leaves. thing. V. t. [leashed (lesht), leashing.] I'd
— Leafage, -ej, n. Leaves collec- bind, hold bj- a string.
tively; foliag-e. —
Leaf y, -T,r(. [-iee, Least, etc. See iinder Less.
-iest.] Full of leaves. Leafiness, — Leather, leth'er, n. The skin of an animal tanned,
71. —
Leaf ' less, a. Destitute of tawed, or otherwise dressed for use ; dressed hides
leaves. —
Leaflet, n. A little leaf: collectively. —
Leath'er, -em, a. Made of, etc. —
an unattached printed leaf. {Bot.)^^ Leath^ery, -er-T, a. Like leather tough. ;

One of the divisions of a com-^ Leave, lev, n. Liberty granted! permission: license;
pound leaf. — Leave, lev, v. i. a formal parting of friends farewell adieu. ; ;

To leaf. — Leaf-bridge, n. A draw- Leave, lev, v. t. [left, leaving.] To withdraw or

bridge having a leaf or platform depart from; to forsake, desert, abandon, relinquish;
on each side, which rises and falls. Leaflets. to suffer to remain; to have remaining at death; to
bud, n. {Bot.) A scale-covered conical bud. give by will, bequeath; to commit or trust to, as a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn. Tee ; Sdd, tone, Or
 ;

LEAVE 223 LEGUME

deposit; to intrust; to permit or allow; to refer; to obliquely; to cast a lingering, sidelong look, express-
cease or desist from. v. i. To cease, desist. — ive of lust, hatred, etc. n. sidelong lustful or — A
Leave, lev, r. i. To leaf, q. v. malign look ; arch or affected look.
Leaven, leVn, n. A
portion of fermenting dough, Lees. See Lee, sediment.
which, mixed with a larger quantity, produces fer- Leet, 19t, n. (Eng. Laic.) court-leet, q. v. ; district A
mentation in it, and renders it light yeast barm; ; ; within the jurisdiction of a court-leet. list of can- A
anything which produces fermentation or works a didates for office.
general change in the mass.— v. t. [LEAVEXED(-nd), Left. See Leave.
-EXIXG.] To excite fermentation in; to taint, imbue. Left, left, o. In the direction, or on the side of, the
Lecher, lech^er, n. A
man given to lewdness. r. i. — part opp. to the right of the body.— w. The side op-
[LECiiERED (-erd), -ERIXG.] To practice lewdness, posite to the right. Leffhanded, a. Having the —
indulge lust. —
Lech''erous, -er-us, a. Addicted to
—
left hand more strong awd dextrous than the riglit
lewdness lustful provoking lust.
; Lech'erouBly, clumsy awkward unlucky inauspicious
; ; ; ; sinis-
adv. — ;

Lech'erousness, ?«.— Lech''ery, -er-l, n. Free ter ; malicious.

indulgence of lust; practice of indulging the animal Leg, leg, n. The limb of an animal, used in support-
appetite. ing the body esp. that part from the knee to the
;

Lection, lek'shun, n. A
difference in copies of a man- foot that wliich resembles a leg esp. any long and
; ;

uscript or book; a reading; a portion of Scripture slender support on which an object rests; that part
read in divine service. Lec'tor, n. reader one — A ; of a stocking, etc., which covers the leg. Leg'gin, —
who read Scripture, etc., in the ancient churches. -ging, n. A
covering for the leg, as a gaiter.
— Lec'tionary, -a-rt, n. The Roman Catholic ser- Legacy, leg*a-sl, n. A gift, by will, of money or other
vice-book. —
Lect'tire, lek'chur, n. Act or practice property; a bequest; anything bequeathed. Leg'- —
of reading a discourse on any subject, esp. a for- atee', -te'', n. One to whom alegacy is bequeathed.
;

mal or methodical discourse, for instruction a mag- ;

— Leg'ator'', -tdr', n. One who bequeaths, etc.
isterial reprimand; formal reproof .—w. f. [lectured Legal, ie'gal, a. Accordino; to, in conformity with,
(-churd), -URIX'G.] To instruct by discourses, in- created by, or relating to, law; lawful. (Theol.) Ac-
struct authoritativelj', reprove. v. i. To deliver a — cording to the law of works, disting. fr. free grace;
discourse; to practice delivering lectures to instruct resting on works for salvation; according to the old
or amuse. —
Lecfurer, n. One who, etc.; a- preacher or Mosaic dispensation. (Law.) Governed by rules
in a church, who assists the rector or curate. Lecf- — of law as disting. fr. rules of equity. Constitutional;
—
nreship, n. Office of a lecturer. legitimate ; licit authorized. LegaKity, -t-tl, n.
;

Lectnm, -tern, lek-'tern, Lef- St'ate of being legal conformity to law. (Theol.)
;

tern, n. A
reading-debk, in Outward conforniity to law without inward princi-
—
churches. ple. Le'galize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To
Led, etc. See under Lead. make lawful; to authorize; to sanction after bein^
Ledge, lej, n. shelf on whichA done. (Theol.) To interpret in a legal spirit. Le'- —
to lay articles; whatever resem- gally, «rfr._ According to law lawfully. ;

bles such a shelf a ridge or ; Legate, leg'at, n. An embassador or envoy; esp. the
part projecting beyond the rest, pope's embassador to a foreign state. Lega''tion,w. —
as rocks't a layer or stratum a ; The commissioning one person to act for another ;
small molding a piece against ;
p^ a legate, or envoy, and the persons associated with
which something rests. {Xaut.) mftt him in his mission; the official residence of a diplo-
A small timber athwart ships, matic minister at a foreign court.
tinder the deck, between the Legatee, Legator. See under Legacy.
beams. Legend, le'jend or lej'^end, n. chronicle of the A
Ledger, lej'^er, n. A mercantile ac- lives of saints, formerly read at matins a story re- ;

count-book, in which all debits specting saints, esp., one of a marvelous nature;* any
and credits from the journal remarkable story handed down from early times ;
are placed under appropriate an inscription or motto, as on a cpat of arms". Leg'- —
heads. (Arch.) A slab of stone, endary, -a-rf, a. Consisting of, or like, legends ;
such as is laid over a tomb a ; strange; fabulous; exaggerated; extravagant.— Leg'-
piece of timber used in a scaf- Lecturn. ible, -t-bl, a. Capable of being read, or of being dis-
foldin>r. covered by apparent indications. Leg'ibly, adv. —
Ledger-line, n. See Le^er-lixe, under Leger. Leger. See Ledger.
Lee, le, )(. ; 2>l. Lees, lez. That which settles at the Leger, lej'er. a. Light; slender; slight; unimportant;
bottom of a cask of liquor (esp. wine), etc.; sedi- trifling. —
Leger line. (3Ius.) A line added above or
ment; dregs. below the stajf to extend its compas-s. Leg'erde- —
Lee, le, n. (Xaut.) A
place defended from the wind; main'', -de-man'', n. trick performed with such A
that side of an object which is protected from the adroitness as to elude observation ; sleight of hand.
wind by the object itself; that quarter toward which Legging. See under Leg.
the wiiid blow's, —
opp. to that whence it proceeds. Legible, etc. See under Legexd.
— a. Of, or pert, to, the side opposite to that against Legion, le'jun, ?i. (Rom. Antiq.) body of infantry, A
which tlie wind blows. Lee'- — consisting of from .'^,000 to .5,000 men a military ;

ward, loo'erd, a. Pert, to, or force a great n_umber multitude.

; :

in the direction of, the part Legislate, iej''is-lat, v. i. To enact a law or laws. Leg- — —
away fr. the wind. adv. To- — isla'tion, n. Act of legislating, or enacting laws.
warcl the lee. —
Lee'way, le'- Leg^isla'tive, -tiv. a. Giving laws pert, to the en- ;

wa, n. The lateral movement acting of laws; done by enacting. Leg'isla'tively, —

of a ship to the leeward of her adv. —
Leg'isla'tor, -ter, n. lawgiver; A
course, or the angle which the one who makes laws for a state or commu-
line of her way niakes with her nity member of a legislative assembly.
;
—
keel; drift. Leg'isla'tiire, -chur, n. The body of men
Leech, lech, n. physician. A in a state empowered to make and repeal
(Zobl.) An aquatic sucking laws. —
Legitimate, -jifT-mat, a. Accord-
worm, used for the local ab- ant with law lawfully begotten or born
; ;

straction of blood; blood-suck- genuine; real; following byjogical or nat-

er. — v.t. To treat with medi- ural sequence in accordance with estab-
;

cine; heal ; to bleed by means lished law ; acknowledged as conforming

of leeches. to a rule or standard. v. t. To make law- —
Leech, lech, n. (yaut.) The ful, legalize to render legitimate; to com-
;

border of a sail at the sides. municate the rights of a legitimate child

Leek, lek, n. plant of the A Leek.
to one illegitiqiate.
onion family, having an ob-
(Allium porrum.')
Legtune, leg^um o?- le-gum', ?i. (Bot.) sim- Lgo-umea A
long, edible bulb. pie pod, which splits into 2 parts (by the "
Leer, ler, [LEERED (lerd), LEERIXG.] To look ventral and dorsal sutures) and has the seeds at-

siin, cube, full ; moon, to6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 LEISURE 224 LEVEE
tached at the ventral suture, as of the pea or bean. the moral, or to address the poem to a particular per.
jjI. The fruit of leguminous plants of the pea kind; son; a conclusion; result.
pulse. —
LegU''ininous, -mt-nus, a. Pert, to, or con- Xeo, Ic'o, w. {Astron.) The Lion, the 5th sign of the
sisting of, pulse. i^Bot.) Bearing legumes, as seed- zodiac. —
Le'onine, -nin, a. Pert, to, or like, a lion.
vessels. Leopard, lep^'ard, n. A
carnivorous digitigrade mam-
Leisure, le'zhur, n. Freedom from occupation or busi- mal of the genus Felis : it is of a yellow or fawn col-
ness vacant time ; convenient opportunity con- or, with numerous black spots, and is found in Asia
—
; ;

venience ease. Lei'surely, a. Exhibiting, or em- and Africa.

;

Dloving, leisure; deliberate; slow. adv. Slowly. — Leper, lep'er, n. One affected* with leprosy. Lep'- —
Xemma, lem'^ma, n. ; L. pi. -mata, -ma-ta; E.pl. -mas, rosy, -ro-sl, n. {Med.) name applied to several A
-maz. {Math.) preliminary A
proposition demon- loathsome, incurable cutaneous or tuberculous dis-
strated for immediate use in the demonstration of eases, esp. one with progressive destruction of ex-
some other proposition. tremities, etc. a form of elephantiasis.
; Iiep''rous, —
lemming, Leming, lem''ming, n. rodent animal of A -rus, a. Infected with leprosy.
the far north, esp. of Europe, allied to the rat, which Leporine, lep-'o-rln or -rin, a. Pert, to, or having the
periodically migrates southward in great swarms. nature or qualities of, the hare.
Xemon, lem''un, n. A
yellowish, oval fruit, with a very Lesion, le^'zhun, ?i. A
hurt; injurj'. {Law.) Loss or
acid pulp; the tree producing it. Lem'onade'', -ad', — injury from not receiving a full equivalent for what
n. A
beverage of lemon-juice and water, sweetened. one gives under an inequitable commutative con-
Xemur, le'mur, n. small nocturnal mammal of A tract. {Med.) Any morbid change in the exercise of
Madagascar, functions or texture of organs.
allied to the Less, les, a. Smaller; not so large or great. adv. —
monkej', but Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree. n. — A
havin g a smaller portion; the inferior younger. Less'^en, ;
—
sharp, fox- les''n, [-SENED (-snd), -SENING.J To make less
I'. «.

like muzzle. or smaller to reduce in size, quantity, number, or

;

— Lem'^ures, amount, diminish in quality, state^ or degree, re-

-u-rez, n. pi. duce in dignity, abate, lower, degrade. v.i. To
Spirits or become less, contract, decrease, diminish. Less''- —
fhosts of the er, a. Less; smaller inferior. Lest, conj. That —
—
;

eparted ; not for fear that.

; Least, lest, a. Smallest; little
specters. beyond others, either in size or degree; of the small-
Xend,lend, w. if. est worth or importance. adv. In the smallest or —
[lent, lend- lowest degree.
I NG . ] To Lessee, Lessor. See under Lease.
grant to an- Lesson, les'n, n. Anything read or recited to a teach-
otherfortem- er by a pupil; something assigned to be learned or
porary use or taught at one time instruction derived from expe-
;

on condition ^ rience, observation, or deduction a portion of Scrip- ;

of receiving Lemur, ture read in divine service severe lecture rebuke.

an equivalent in kind to loan to afford, grant, or — V. t. [lessoned (-nd), -oning.] To teach, instruct.
; ;

—
; ;

furnish to let for compensation.

; Loan, Ion, n. Lest. See under Less.
Act of lending thing lent; thing furnished on con-
; Let, let, i\ t. obsolete), letting.]
[let (letted is
dition that the specific thing shall be returned, or its To give leave or power positive act; or, nega- by a
equivalent in kind esp. money lent on interest tively, to withhold restraint ; not to prevent ; to
permission to use; grant of the iise. )'. t.
;

[loaned — ;

permit, allow, suffer to grant possession and use

(lond), LOANiXG.] To lend. w. '. To lend money — for a compensation; to lease, often followed by
;

—
or other valuable property to negotiate a loan, — out.
said of the lender.
;

Let, let, V. To retard, hinder, impede, n.

t. hin- — A
Xength, Lengthen, etc. See under Long. drance obstacle delay.
; ;

Xenient, le''nl-ent, a. Emollient softening mitiga- ; ; Letch, lech, v. t. To leach. See Leach.
ting acting without rigor or severity mild clem-
; ; ; Lethal, le'thal, a. Deadly; mortal; fatal.
ent; merciful. — n. (lied.) That which softens or Lethe, le'the, n. {Gr. Myth.) One of the rivers of
assuages — Le''nlently, adv. — Len'-
; an emollient. hell, causing forgetfulness of all that was past to
itive, -T-tiv, a. Having the qualitj' of mitigating those who drank of it. Oblivion a draught of ob-
emollient. — n.
;

(pain or acrimony) {Med.) A ; livion; forgetfulness. —

Leth'^argy, -ar-jt, n. Preter-
medicine easing pain a mild purgative laxative. natural sleepiness morbid drowsiness ; dullness :
That which tends to allay passion a palliative. —
;
;

; inattention apathy.
;

—
Lethar^'gic, -gical, a. Given
;

Len''ity, -I-tl, Le'nience, -ency, -nt-en-sl, n. Mild- to, like, pert, to, or caused by, etc.
ness oi temper ; gentleness of treatment ; kindness; Letter, let-'ter, n. A mark or character, used as the
clemency; mercy. representative of an articulate elementary souiid; a
Xens, lenz, n. ; -pi- Lenses. {Opt.) A piece of glass, written message epistle; mere verbal expression;
;

J
or other transparent substance, h literal meaning; exact signification. {Print.) char- A
ground with 2 opposite regular acter formed of metal or wood, used in printing ;
'
surfaces, used in optical instru- type used for printing, spoken of collectively. i)l. —
ments for changing the direction Learning; erudition. v. t. [lettered (-tei'd), -ter-—
of rays of light, to magnify ob- ing.] To impress or mark with letters.
jects or otherwise modify vision : Lettuce, let'^tis, n. A
lactiferous plant, of many vari-
of spherical lenses, there a r e 6 eties, the slightly narcotic leaves of which are used
varieties, as shown in section in as salad, etc.
the figures, viz., a, plano-concave; Leucorrhoea, lu-kor-re''a, n. {Med.) Fluor albus; the
h, double-concave c, plano-con- ; whites; a morbid discharge of white, yellowish, or
vex d, double-convex e, menis- greenish mucus, from the vagina.
cus ;
;

/, concavo-convex. Len''-
;

— Levant, lev'ant, a. Eastern. Levant', n. The —

til, n. A small leguminous plant; countries of Turkey, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece,
its edible lens-shaped seeds. Len- — d e f Egypt, etc., washed by
—
the eastern part of the Med-
tic'ular, a. Like a lentil in size iterranean. V. i. To abscond, decamp mysterious-
or form shaped like a double- Lenses. ly, — fr. reports spread that absconders had gone to
lens. — Lentig^inouB, -tij''i-nus, a
;

convex Freckly tlie Levant. —

Levanfer, n. strong easterly wind A
scurfy; furfuraceous. in the Mediterranean one who runs away without ;

Lent, lent, n. A
fast of 40 days, from Ash Wednesday paying wagers he has lost, or otherwise runs away
till Easter, commemorating our Savior's fast. disgracefully.— Levantine, le-vanftn orlev'ant-in,
Lent, lent, n. That which is loaned a loan. ; a. Pert, to the Levant.— Ji. native or inhabitant A
X'envoy, -vol, lax-vwil'', n. One or more detached of the Levant; a kind of silk cloth.
verses at the end of a literary composition, to convey Levee, lev'e or le-ve', n. morning reception or a& A
Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 — ; — —

LEVEL 225 LICENSE

sembly of visitors; any general gathering of guests; composing dictionaries principles in accordance
;

a bank or causewaj', esp. along a river, to prevent in- with which dictionaries should be constructed. —
undation. — Lev'y, -T, V. t. [levied (-id), -yixg.] Lexicog''rapher, -ra-fer, w. The author or compiler
To raise, collect, — said of troops, to form into an ot a dictionary. —
Lexicd'ogy, n. Science of the
arm}'; to impose; to raise by assessment. {Law.) To derivation and signification of words.
gather or exact to erect, build, or set up: to attach
; Ley, li, n. Alkaline water: see Lye.
specific property for a debt, seize on execution. Ley, le. A meadow: see Lea.
n. Act of taking by authority or force for public Liable, li''a-bl, a. Obliged in law or equity; answer-
service, as troops, taxes, etc. thing levied, as an ;

army, tribute, etc. (.Laic.) The seizure of property

on executions to satisfy judgments, or on warrants
for the collection of taxes; a collecting by execution. tendency; a state of being subject, pi. That which
Level, lev'el, a. Xot having one part higher than one is under obligation to paj*; debts. Liaison, le- —
another even; flat smooth horizontal of the
; ; ; a-zawN'', n. An intimacy; esp., an illicit intimacv
same height with anj'thing else equal in rank or ;
;

between a man and a woman. — Liana, le-a''na, Li-

degree.— v.<. [leveled (-eld), -elixg.] To make ane, le-an'', n. A luxurious woody creeper, of trop-
smooth, even, or horizontal to bring to the same ; ical forests.
height with something else, lay flat, reduce to an Liar. See under Lie.
even surface or plane, or to equality of condition, Libel, li'beljW. {Law.) A
defamatory writing; pub-
state, or decree; to point, in taking aim; to direct, lished defamation; lampoon; satire. {Civil Law
utter; to adapt to the capacity of. v. i. To aim; — and Courts of Admiralty.) A
written declaration
. to direct the view or purpose, —n. A line or plane by the plaintiff of his cause of action, and of the re-
everywhere parallel to the surface of still water, a — lief he seeks. Crime of publishing a defamatory
curve, the center of which coincides with the earth's writing. —f. «. [libeled (-held), -belixg.] To de-
center; a horizontal line or surface a smooth or ; fame or expose to public hatred and contempt by a
even line, plane, or surface; equal elevation with writing, picture, sign, etc. {Laic.) To proceed
something else; degree of energy, intensity, or at- against by filing a libel, esp. against a ship or goods.
tainment; rate; standard; quiet condition; position — Li'belotis, -us, a. Defamatory.
of rest rule
; plan; :
Liberal, lib'er-al, a. Free by birt&; refined; befitting
scheme ; line of direc- a freeman or gentleman; bestowing with a free
tion in which a mis- hand; open-hearted; not narrow in mind catholic;
sive weapon is aimed. bountiful, —
said of a gift; profuse; not restricted;
;

iMech.) An
instru- not bound by orthodox or established tenets in po-
ment by which to find litical or religious philosophy friendly to great
;

a horizontal Une, or freedom in the forms of admmistration of govern-

adjust something with ment; not strict or literal. n. —
One who advocates
reference to such a freedom from restraint, esp. in political or religious
line. {Mining.) A hor-
a, spirit or air level 6, artillery
matters. — LiberaKity, -t-tr, n. Munificence boun- ;

izontal gallery or pas- ;

ty act of generosity; donation: gratuity; largeness
;
foot level
sage in a mine at a d, mason's level. c, carpenter's level ;
of mind; catholicity; candor; impartiality. Lib'- —
given depth; a drain- eralize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To render lib-
age adit or drift. —
Lev'eler, n. One who levels or eral or catholic, free from narrow views or preju-
makes even one who attempts to destroy distinc- dices, enlarge. —
Lib'^erally, «(/i'. In a liberal man-
tions, and reduce to equality.
;

Lev'eling, n. Re- — ner; generously; with regard to other interests than

duction of uneven surfaces to a plane. {Surveying.) one's own; with enlaced views; freely; not literally.
Art or operation of ascertaining the differences of — Lib'erate, -er-at, v. t. To release from restraint,
level between points of the earth's surface included set at libertj', deliver, free,manumit; disengage.
in a survey. —
Lev'eliiess, n. Libera 'tion,??. Act of delivering, or state of being
Lever, leaver or lev'er, ?;. {MecJi.) bar ysed over or A delivered, from restraint, confinement, or slavery.
against a fulcrum, to exert a pressure, overcome re- Lib'^ei'a'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.— Lib''ertine, -tin,
sistance, or sustain a weight. See Mechanical Pow- n. {Rom. Antiq.) One manumitted, or set free from
—
ers. Lev'erage, -ej, n. Action of a lever; mechan- servitude a freedman. One free from restraint
; ;

ical advantage gained by the use of, etc. one who leads a dissolute, licentious life a rake
Leveret, lev'er-et, n. A
hare in the first year of its age. debauchee a skeptic; free thinker.
; a. Free from — ; ;

Leviathaji, le-vi'a-than, n. An aquatic animal, de- restraint; uncontrolled; dissolute; hcentious. Lib'-
scribed in the book of Job, Psalms, etc.; a crocodile, erty, -er-tT, n. State of one who is free ability to ;

whale, or other aquatic monster. do as one pleases; permission granted; leave; privi-
Levite, Ic'vit, n. {Jewish Hist.) One of the tribe or lege; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant;
family, or a descendant, of Levi; esp., one not in the place within which certain privileges or immunities
priesthood, but eniploj'ed in certain subordinate du- are enjoj'ed, or jurisdiction is exercised; permission
ties of the tabernacle," and afterward the temple. to go about freely within certain limits, as in a place
Levit'ical, -vTfik-al, a. Belonging, or relating, to of confinement limits within which such freedom
;

the Levites. —
Levit'lcus. n. The 3a book of the Old or privilege is had: freedom from, or neglect of ob-
Testament, containing the laws which relate to the servance of, the laws of etiquette, propriety, or
priests and Levites among the Jews. courtesy : power of choice freedom from compul-
;

Levity, lev't-tT, n. Want of weiarht in a body, com- sion or constraint. —Libid'inous, -T-nus, a. Eager
pared with another that is heavier; lightness: buoy- for sexual indulgence; fitted to excite lustful desire;
ancy; frivolity; vanity; lightness of temper or con- lewd; lascivious; tinchaste: licentious; salacious.
duct; want of seriousness; disposition to trifle; in- Libra, li'bra, n. {Astron.) The Balance; the 7th sign
constancy volatility flightiness. in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal
Levy. See under Levee.
; ;

equinox in September. —
Wbrate, -brat, v. t. To
Lewd, lud, a. Given to the unlawful indulgence of poise, balance, hold in or bring to an equipoise. v. —
lust eager for sexual indulgence
; ; i. To move, as a balance, oscillate to be poised. ;

proceeding ifrom or expressing lust Library, li^bra-rT, n. A

collection of books: an edifice
libidinous
:

profligate ;dissolute ;
;

; or apartment appropriated to books. Libra'rian, —

lascivious lecherous.; -rT-an, n. One who has care of a library. ^Lifcra'-
Lewis, lu-'is, Lew'isson, n. An iron rianship, n. Office of a librarian. Libret'to. n.; —
clamp dove-tailed into a large stone pi. -TOS, -toz. {3Ius.) A
book containing the words
to lift it by. of an opera or extended piece of music ; the words
Lexicon, leks'T-kon, n. vocabulary, A themselves.
or book containing the words in a Lice. See Louse.
language, with definitions a dic- ; Authority or liberty to do or for-
License, li''sens, n.
tionary esp. one of a foreign lan- bear any act; esp., formal "permission from proper
;

guage,with Eng. definitions. Lex'- — Lewis. authorities to perform certain acts; written docu-
icog''raphy, -ra-f T, n. Act or art of ment by which permission is conferred; excess of
sQn, cube, full ; moon, ffi&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bo>"box, chair, get.
I'o
 LICHEN 226 LIGHT
liberty; exorbitant freedom; disregard of law or pro- inwardly quickened, and actuated by divine influ-
priety liberty taken by a poet or artist. v. t. [li- — ence or faith.— T-. t. To spend (one's life); to act ha-
CEXSED
;

(-senst), -CEXsixG.] To permit by grant of ,

bitually in conformity to. Liv'iiig, a. Having —
authority to authorize to act in a particular char- life; lively; issuing continually from tlie earth; flow-
;

acter ; to tolerate, permit. Licen'tious, -shus, a. — \

\
ing; producing action, anima"tion, and vi^-or. — n.
Using license indulging too great freedom unre-
: :
|
Means of subsistence; livelihood; act of living, or
strained by law or niorality: uncontrolled uugov- living comfortably; in Eng., the benefice of a cler-
;

—
\

ernable wanton dissolute immoral.

: ; : gyman: one who is, or those who are, alive. Live,
Xichen, li-^Jven or lich''en. n. One of an order of eel- .
fiv, a. Having life; full of earnestness; active; con-
lular, fiowerless plants, having no distinction of leaf tainingtire; ignited :'vi\'id; bright; glowing,as color.
and stem, growing on rocks, trees, etc., in the form — Live'lihood, -ll-hO&d, n. Means of maintaining
of thin crusts, leaf-like expansions, or miniature ;
existence support of liife maintenance.
; Live'ly, ; —
shrubs. (Jled.) A
cutaneous eruption, attended i
-It, a. [-LIER, -LiEST.] Endowed with or manifest-
with tingling and pricking. ing life; living; brisk: vivacious; active; gav; spir-
Xick, lik, V. t. [licked (likt), lickixg.] To pass or ited representing life ; life-like
: strong bright :

draw the tongue over: to lap, take in by the tongue. vivid glowing-.
: —
adv. With strong resemblance
; ;

— )i. Aplace where salt is deposited from springs, i of life. Live'liness, n. Quality or state of being
resorted to by animals, which lick the surface to ob- I
livelj' or animated ; spirit appearance of life, ani- ;

tain the salt. mation, or spirit; sprightliness; vivacity: smartness;

lick, lik, r. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment;
]

'

effervescence, as of liquors. Livelong, llv'long, a. —

to flog, beat, whip, castigate. n. blow. Lick''- — A — Long in passing long as life ; lasting entire. ; ;
—
ing, ii. A beating. Live'-oak, n. {Bot.) An evergreen oak growing in
Xicorice, lik''o-ris, n. (Bot.) hardy, herbaceous A the Southern States.
plant its sweet, mucilaginous root, used dry for
: Lift, lift, V.
t. To raise, elevate, bring up to a higher
chewing, and in porter-brewing and medicinal'com- place; to exalt. improve in fortune, estimation, rank,
positions; a sweet, dark-colored, inspissated extract etc.; to cause to swell (with pride), elate. v. i. To —
of the root of this plant, used as a remedy for coughs exert strength for the purpose of raising something
—
i

or colds. i
heavy; to rise, be raised, seem to rise. n. Act of
Xictor, lik''ter, ??. {Rom. Antiq.') An olBcer who at- lifting; thing to be raised; assistance in lifting, and
tended the magistrates.
j

in general. An
elevator; lifter; a rise; degree of ele-
A
i

Xid, lid, n. movable cover, as of a vessel or box; '

vation.
cover of the eyes eyelid. ; Lift, lift, V. t. To
take and carry away, remove, steal.
lie. li, n. Water impregnated with alkali. See Lye. Ligate, li^gat, v. {Surg.) To tie with a ligature,
t.
lie, li, n. A
criminal falsehood; willful deceit: an in- bind around, bandage. Lig^'ament, n. Anything —
tentional violation of truth anything which mis- that ties or unites one thing to another a bond. ;

—
;

leads, as false doctrine, etc. v.'i. [lied (lid), ly- (Anat.) A

strong, compact membranous or tendi-
IXG.] To utter falsehood with an intention to de- nous substance connecting the ends of movable
ceive; to say or do anything with intent to deceive. bones, or holding viscera in place. Lig''ature, -a- —
— Li''ar, n.
—One who' etc.^- Ly'ing, a. Addicted chur. n. Anything that binds: act of binding state
to, etc. n. The practice of, etc. Ly'ingly, adv. — of being bound: stiffness. (J/i(.s.) band or line con- A
:

Xie, li, V. i. [inrp. l.\y (la), p. p. lain (Ian) or obs. i necting notes. {Print.) double character, or a tj'pe A
liex (li'en), lying.] To rest extended, as on the '•

consisting of 2 or more letters united. {Surg.) A

ground, bed, or couch; to be in a horizontal position; ]
string for tying blood-vessels, to prevent hemor-
to be situated: to abide, remqin; to belong, pertain, rhage a thread or wire used to remove tumors, etc.
consist; to lodge, sleep; to weigh, press. (Lav}.') To
i

|
— 1\ t.
;

To ligate.
be capable of being maintained. Light, That agent or force in nature which
lit. n. il-
Xief, lef, (jf/r. Gladly: willingh'; freely, used in the — I

',

luminates objects and renders them visible ; /.

phrase, I had as Vief go as not. I
that wliich furnishes or is a source of light, as
Xiege, lej, a. Bound by a feudal tenure; subject; en- the sun, a-
forcing allegiance: sovereign.- n. One who owes i
candle,
allegiance: a vassal; a lord or superior; sovereign. — '

light-
Liege'inan, n. ; pi. -mex. vassal; subject. A house,
lien, le'en or li'en, n. {Law.) legal claim : a A j

!
etc.: the
charge upon real or personal property " for the satis- : medium
faction of some debt or duty. I
thro ugh
lieu, lu, n. Place room stead. Lieuten''ant, lu- or
; ; which
lef-teu'ant, n. An officer, civil or military, who sup- |
light is
plies the place of an absent sujjerior a commis- ; admitted,
sioned officer next below a captain in the army, or Solar Ray of Light, separated
as a win-
by a prism into tlie seven
lieutenant-commander in the navy. (
dow; life; primary colors.
lieve. Same as Lief. ex-istence;
lLfe,-lif, «. ; pi. Lives, livz. Animate existence; vital- that which prism c d, spectrum v, violet ; i, indigo
, ; ; ;

ity; the time during wliich this state continues: the m a k e s

b, blue; !j. green; y, yellow o, orange r, red. ; ;

present state of existence; sometimes, the perpetual clear to the intellect : mentJil or spiritual illumi-
existence of the soul in the present and future state; j
nation enlightenment; instruction; information
; ;

external manifestation of life manner of li\'ing; ; esp. the source of moral enlightenment dawn of ;

conduct; a person or thing imparting spirit, vigor, day: open view; a visible state or condition pub- :

or enjoj^ment; animation: vivacity; energy; the liv- licitj-; a time of prosperity and happiness. {Paint.)
ing form; real person or state; a living person; ani- The manner in which the light strikes upon a pic-
mals in general, or considered collectively; narrative ture the illuminated part of a picture. The point
;

of a past life; biographical narration; Happiness in of view in which anything is seen, or from which
the favor of God; heavenly felicity, disting. fr. eter- instruction or illustrationis derived one who is
nal death position in society social state ; course
; ;
'

conspicuous or noteworthy. a. Not dark or ob- — ;

of things human affairs ; "that which is dear as scure; bright; clear; white or whitish: not intense
;

one's existence a darling. Lifeless, a.

; Dead — ; or very marked. v. t. —
[lighted or (less prop.)
deprived of, or destitute of, life; destitute of power, LIT LIGHTING.] To set fire to, kindle to give
vigor, or spirit insipid tasteless, as liquor
; want-
; ;
;

Ught to to conduct with a light.

; Light'en, lif'n, — ;

ing physical energy sluggish ; torpid inert dull ; ; ; : V. i. [-ENED (-nd), -ENiNG.l To burst forth or
frigid; vapid; flat: tasteless.— live, liv, v. i. [lived dart, as lightning to shine like lightning, flash; ;

(livd), living.] To have life, be animated: to pass '

to grow lighter, become less dark or lowering. i-. t. —

one's life or time as to habits or constitution to ; i
To make light or clear, illuminate, enlighten; to il-
abide, dwell, reside to continue in existence, re-
; luminate with knowledge; to free from trouble and
main, last; to enjoy life; to feed, subsist, be nour-
|

fill with joj'. Light'ness, n. Lighfsome, -sum, —

ished; to be maintained in life, acquire a livelihood. a. Luminous; not dark. Light'-house, ?«. A tower —
{Script.) To be exempt from spiritual death; to be bearing a powerful light, to guide mariners at
am, fame, fiir, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 — — ; — —— — —

LIGHT 227 LIMIT

night. — -ship, Like, lik, V. «. [liked (likt), liking.] To be pleased
-ves'sel, n. A with in a moderate degree to enjoy. v. i. To be ;
—
vessel moored pleased; to choose.
—
n. —
liking; fancy; inclination.A
and serving as LikeHy, a. Such as may be liked of honorable ;

a light-house. or excellent qualities. Like'liness, n. The quali-

-keep'er, n. One ties that please. —
Lik^ing, n. Inclination pleas- ;

in charge of a ure ; satisfaction in, or attraction toward, some ob-

1 ig h t-no use, ject.
light-ship, etc., Lilac, li'lak, n. A
shrub of the genus Syringa, a na-
and its illuniin- tive of Persia with fragrant purple or white flowers.
a t i n g appara- — a. Of the color of the purple lilac.
tus. wood, n. liUiputian, lil-Y-pu'shan, n. One of a diminutive race
Resinous wood, described in Swift's " Voyage to LilUput;" a per-
which kindles sun of very small size. a. Of, or pert, to, the—
qu ic k1y an d imaginary "island of Lilliput of very small size; ;

makes a bright IJigmy; diminutive; dwarfed.

blaze. Lighf- Lilt, lift, V. i. To sing cheerfully. n. song. A
ning, n. dis- A Lily, liKl, n. A
perennial, herbaceous, bulbous plant
char g e of at- of many species, having showy white or colored
mospheric elec- flowers, some being very fragrant.
tricity, accom- Limb, lim; n. An extremity of the human body, as the
panied by aviv- ht-house. arm or Itrg a member; branch of a tree larger than
;

id flash of a twig any thing or person regarded as a part of

;

light. — Light'^ning-rod, n An insulated metallic something else. {Bat.) The border or upper spread-
rod erected' to protect buildings, vessels, etc., from ing part of a monopetalous corol, or of a petal, or
lightning. sepal; blade. —
v. t. [limbed (limd), limbing (lim''-
Light, lit, a. little weight not heavy easy
Having ing).] To supply with limbs to dismember, tear
to l)e borne, or carried, or to be suffered or
lifted,
; ;

off the limbs of. — Lim'ber, ;

n. {Mil.) The for-

performed, or to be digested; containing little nutri- ward part of a gun-carriage, to
ment armed with weapons of little weight clear
; ; which the horses are attached,
of impediments; active; nimble; not deeply laden; and from which the gun is de-
not sufficiently Ijallasted slight trifling not im- ; ; ; tached (unlimbered) when in
portant; not dense not gross inconsiderable not ; ; ; action. A shaft of a carriage.
strong; moderate; easy to admit influence; inconsid- (Mmt.) A gutter
beside the
erate unsettled; volatile; wanting dignity or solidi- keelson for bilge-water; a board
;

ty; trifling; gay; airy; wanton; unchaste; not of legal covering such gutter. v. t. Limber. —
weight; diminished; loose; sandj^; easiljr pulverized; [limbeked (-herd), -beking.]- -To attach a limber
dizzy. [Light is used in the formation of many com- to.
pounds of obvious signiiication as, Ught-armed, Limb, lim, n. (Astron.) The border of the disk of a
light-bodied, light-spirited, etc.] light'ly, adv. —
;

'heavenly body, esp. of the sun and moon edge of ;

With little weight; without deep impression with- ; a graduated circle in an instrument. Lim'bo, n. —
out dejection cheerfully with little effort or diffi-
; ; (Scholastic Theol.) A
region bordering on hell. A
culty; easily readily without reason; wantonly place of confinement.
without care. —
; ; ;

nimoly with levity

with agility Limber, of a gun. See under Limb.
;

Light'^^ness, lifnes, n. Want of weight inconstan-

; ;

; Limber, lim'ber, a. Easily bent flexible pliant. ; ;

—
cy wantonness lewdness agility ease
levity V. t. [limbered (-herd), -Bering.] To cause to be-
;

facility. —
;

Lighfen, lit'^n, v. t. To make lighter,

; ; ; ;

come limber. Lim'berness, n. —

or less heavy to reduce in weight to make less
; ;

— Lime, iTm, n. A
viscous substance laid on twigs for
burdensome or afflictive to cheer, exhilarate. ; catching birds; bird-lime oxide of calcium a brit- ; ;

Light'er, iTt'^er, n. One who, or that which, etc. tle, infusible, white, caustic substance obtained by
(i\aict.) A barge used in lightening or unloading calcining limestone, shells, etc., and used in making
ships, also, in loading them. mortar, etc. the principal constituent in marble,
;

Light, lit, V. i. [LIGHTED or (less prop.) lit, light- chalk, bones, shells, etc. v. t. [limed (limd), lim-
ing.] To come to by chance happen to find, fall ; ing.] To smear with a viscous substance; to entan-
to stoop from flight, settle, rest; to alight. gle, insnare; to manure with lime; to cement.
Lignaloes, iTn-aKoz oj-lig-naKoz, n. Aloes-wood, prop, Lim'y, -t, a. Covered with, containing, or like
the agallnchum, a tree of India, whose decaying lime; viscous. Lime^kiln, -kil, n. kiln or fur- A
timber develops a fragrant oil. Lig'^neous, -ne-us, — nace in which limestone or shells are burnt to make
a. Made of, consisting of, or resembling, wood
— ; lime. —Lime'^stone, n. Any kind of stone consisting-
woody. Lig'nite, -nit, n. (Min.) Mineral coal largely of carbonate of lime, esp. those varieties used
retaining the texture of the wood from which it was in making lime.
formed. —
Lig'nose, -nos, a. Ligneous. n. An — Lime, lim, n. The European linden tree the Amer. ;

explosive compound of wood fiber and nitro-glycer- basswood.

ine, q. v. —
Lig'nnm-vi'tae, -te, n. tree of trop- A Lime, lim, n. A fruit allied to the lemon, but smaller,
(j

ical America, from which the guaiacum of medicine and more intensely sour.
is procured its hard wood is used for various me-
: Limit, lim''it, n. That which termi-
chanical purposes. _ nates, circumscribes, restrains, or
Ligure, li'^gur or lig'^ur, n. kind of precious stone. A confines; bound, border, or edge.
Like, Ilk, a. Equal in quantity, quality, or degree ;
(Logic & Metaph.) distinguish- A |

having resemblance similar likely probable in- ing characteristic a differential.

clined or disposed to. n. counterpart an exact
;

— A
; ; ;

(Math.) A
determinate quantity,
;

—
;

resemblance; copy. adv. In a similar manner; in to which a variable one continu-

a manner becoming likely probably. Like'ly, ;
— ally approaches, but can never
a. [^-LIEK, -LiEST.] Worthy of belief probable
;

go beyond it. — v. t. To bound

credible having or giving reason to expect, fol-
;

— ;

set bounds to to confine within

;

lowed by an infinitive well adapted. Like'^lihood, ;

— certain
;

bounds to restrain to ; ;

-lY-h66d, -liness, n. Appearance of truth or reality confine the signification o^, de-
probability verisimilitude. Like'' wise, -wiz, conj.
;
— ;

fine exactly. —
Lim'itary, -a-rY. a.
In like also ; moreover
manner too. Like''ness,
; ; — Placed at the limit, as a guard;
Lime,
n. State of being like ; resemblance that which re- confined within limits limited in
—
; ;

sembles or copies ; esp. a portrait of a person, or extent, authority, power, etc. Limita'tion, n. Act
picture of a thing similarity; parallel; similitude; of, condition of being, or means of, etc. restraining
representation. —
Lik'en, lik'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd),
;

condition defining circumstance. (Law.)

; cer-
;

A
-ENiNG.] To make like; to represent as like or sim- tain period limited oy statute after which the claim-
ilar ; to compare, ant shall not enforce his claims by suit.

siin, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boNboif, chair, get.
 LIMN 228 LIQUEFY
Limn, lim, v. t. [loixed (limd), lim'nix\g.] To draw
Relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of lan-
or paint; esp. to paint in water colors to illuminate guages. Lingnisfics, n. st7ig. Science of lan- —
—
;
(books or parchments). guages. Lin'go, 71. Language dialect. ;
Limonite, lim'o-nlt, n. Hydrous sesquioxide of iron Liniment, lin't-ment, n. soft anodyne or stimula- A
:
brown hematite or bog ore. ting ointment or embrocation, with which diseased
Limousine, ll-mc)6-sen', ;;. An automobile body with parts are rubbed.
seats and permanent top like a coupe; also, an
auto- Lining. See under Line.
mobile with such a bodv. Link, link, h. single ring of a chain anything A ;
Limp, limp, r. 7. [limped (limt), limping.] To halt; doubled and closed like a link. Anything connect-
walklamely. ?i. —
A halt act of limpino-. ing or binding one thing to another; any constituent
;

Limp, limp, a. Lacking stiffness flexible"; limpsy. part of a connected series. (Mech.) Any interme-
—
Limp'sy, Lim'sy, a. Weak flexible flimsy.
:

diate rod or piece transmitting motive power from

:
;

Limpetf, lim'pet, «. An edible gasteropodous univalve one part of a machine to another. (Survei/ing.) Tlie
niullusk. found adhering to rocks. length of one joint of Gunter's chain 7.'J2 inches. =
Limpid, lim'pid, a. Characterized by clearness or V. t. [linked (linkt), linking.] To unite or con- —
transparency pellucid; pure; crvstal; translucent.
; nect by something intervening; to join, couple. v. —
Linchpin, Imch-'pin, n. A pin to prevent the wheel of i. To be connected. Link'-mo'tion, n. iSteam- —
a carriage from sliding off the axletree. .) Eng A
Linden, lin'den, n. A
European tree, having panicles valve gear
of light yellow flowers, and large cordate leaves; in con sisting
Amer., the basswood. of two ec- ^
Line, lin, n. A linen thread or string any slender, centrics ;

strong cord or rope a thread-like mark of the pen,

:
and their
pencil, or graver. (Math.) That which has length, rods, so con-
but not breadth or thickness. The exterior limit nected b y
of a figure boundary contour a long thread-like
; ; an adjust- ;

mark upon the face or hand lineament a straight able piece,

; ;

row ; a continued series or rank supply of a vari- called the ;

Link-motion-
ety of goods in some department of trade; the num- link, to the
ber of shares taken by a stock broker a short let- valve, as to reverse the steam when the engine is in
;

ter, note. Course of conduct, thought, occupation. motion.

or policy, directed toward an object department Link, link, n. A torch made of tow and pitch.
;

ancestry or descendants of a given person family Linnaean, -neah, lin-ne'an, a. Pert, to Linnseus, the ;

to which one belongs

lic conveyances
a connected series of pub-
an established arrangement for
;
hotRTii&t. Linnaean system. (Bat.) The sy.stem in —
;
which the classes are founded upon the number of
forwarding merchandise. (Poet.) Averse. {Geog.) stamens, and the orders upon the pistils ; the artifi-
The equator, —
usuallv called the line, or equinoc- cial or sexual system.
tial line. (Script.) That which is measured by a Linnet, Linseed, Linsey-woolsey, Lint. See under
line or cord boundary place of abode instruc-
; ;
Linen. ;
.
tion, doctrine. (Mach.) Proper adjustment of parts, Linotype. lin''o-tTp,?!. (Typog.) (a) A stereotype of a
for smooth working. (Mil.) The regular infantry line of words cast a coutinifous strip, (b) com- m A
of an army. (Fort.) A trench or rampart pi. dis- posing machine in which such strips are cast from ;

positions covering extended positions, and present- separate molds for each letter, which are arranged
ing a front in but one direction to an enemv. The inline bv touching keys.
12th of an inch. —v. t. [lined (lind), lining.] To Linstock, "lin'stok, n. A pointed or forked staff, to
mark out or cover with lines; to cover on the inside; hold a lighted match, used in firing cannon. —
to put inside of to place along the side of for de- Lintel, lin'tel, n. (Arch.) horizontal timber or A
—
;

fense to read or ^repeat line by line.

; Lin^'eage, stone over a door, window, etc.
lln'e-ej, n. Race ;'progeny descent in a line from Lion, li'un, n. A carnivorous feline mammal of great
;

a common progenitor. Lin'eal, a. Composed of — size and strength, found

lines descending in a direct line from an ances-
; in Asia and Africa the ;

tor hereditary
; ; m
the direction of a line pert, to, of' S. America. ; puma
or ascertained by, a line. Lin'^eally, adv. In a —
(Astron.) The 5th sign
direct line. —
Lin''eament. -e-a-ment, n. The outline in the zodiac, Leo. An
of a body or figure, esp. of the face feature form object of interest and ; ;

mark. —
Lin^ear, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, etc. curiosity. Li'oness, n.
;

—
—
;

.,.in a straight direction. Linking, lin'^ing, ?i. The The feriiale of the lion
covering of the inner surface of anything. kind. Li'onize, v. t. —
Iiinen, linden, n. Thread or cloth made of flax; un- [-IZED (-izd), -IZING.] To
derclothing, esp. shirts, as being orig. chiefly made treat as a lion, or object
of linen. a. —
Made of, or like, etc. Lino'leum, of interest. —
-le-um, n. A kind of floor-cloth made with hardened Lip, lip, n. One of the 2
or oxidized linseed oil. fleshy parts composing Lion.
Lin''net, n. A small Euro- the exterior of the mouth in man and many other
pean singing bird. Lin'- — animals the mouth organs of speech sometimes ; ;

—
;

seed, n. Flaxseed. Lin''- — speech itself the edge of anything.

nipt), lipping.] To touch with the lips, kiss
v. t [lipped
to
;

sey-wooFsey, -sT-wd6ysT,a. ;

Made of linen and wool; speak.

of different and unsuita- Liqubiy, lik^we-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To
ble parts; vile: mean.
Stuff made of linen and
n. _.
Linnet,
— —
melt, dissolve esp. to melt by the sole agency of
heat or caloric. v. i. To become liquid.
,

Liq'ue-
;

— —
wool mixed. Lint, n. — Flax; linen raveled, or fac'tion, n. Act or operation of, or state of being,
Liq^uefa'cient, -shent, n. That which serves —
scraped into a soft substance, and used for dressing etc.
wounds and sores. to liquefy. Liq'uid, -wid, a. Having liquidity; —
Ling, ling, n. An edible marine flsh, more slender fluid flowing smoothly or easily; sounding agree-
than the cod, and having only 2 dorsal fins. ably to the ear; pronounced without harshness. n.
;

—
Linger, liTi''ger, v. i. [-geeed (-gerd), -geeii^g.] To substance whose parts change their relative posi- A
delay, loiter; to be m
suspense, hesitate; to remain tion on the slightest pressure and retain no definite
long in any state._ form; a fluid not aeriform. (Gram.) Aletterwhich
Lingerie, ISN'zlie-re'', n. Linen goods collectively has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly
linen underwear, esp. of women; the clothing of after a mute, —in Ehg., I, m, n, r. Liq'uidate, -wl- —
linen and cotton worn by a woman. dat, ?). t. To make liquid; to clear from obscurity;
Lingnal, lin''gwal, a. Pert, to the tongue. n. A let- —
to ascertain the precise amount of; to settle, adjust,
ter pronounced with the tongue. Lm'gnist, -gwist, pay. —
Liqnida''tion, n. Act of, etc.; esp. of adjust- —
71. One skilled in languages. Lingmst'ic, -ical, a. —
ing debts. Liqttid''ity, -T-tT, n. State of being liq- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r
 — — — —

LIQUORICE 229 LIVERY

uid; fluidity; quality of beinjr smooth and flowing; Lithog'raplier, -ra-fer, n. One who practices lithog-
agreeableness of sound. —
Liq'uor, lik'er, w. Any raphy.— Lithograph''ic, -ical, a. Pert, to lithogra-
liquid or fluid substance; esp. alcoholic or spirituous pliy; engraved upon, or printed from, stone. Lith- —
fluid, distilled or fermented; a decoction, solution, ographic Uiiicstone. (Min.) A
compact fine-grained
or tincture. —
Liquettr, le-ker''. n. delicate prepa- A limestone, obtained largely from the Lias and Oo-
ration of distilled spirits, usually flavored with fruits lite, esp. of Bavaria, used in lithography. Lith- —
and aromatic substances. og'raphy, -ft, ii. Art or process of writing or draw-
Liquorice. See Licokice. ing upon stone with a greasy composition, and of
Lira, le^'ra, n. ; pi. -re, -ra. An Italian coin 1 = obtaining printed impressions therefrom on a litho-
French franc =
19f cents. graphic press. —LithoKogy, -jt, n. Science of the
Lisp, lisp, V. i. [lisped (lispt), lisping.] To give s characteristics and classification of rocks. (Med.) A
or z the sound of th, th, or ilh ; to speak imperfectly treatise on stones found in the bod}'. Lithot''-,—
or with hesitation; to make feeble beginnings or im- omy, -o-mf, n. (Surg.) Operation, art, or practice
perfect efforts. V. t. —
To pronounce with a lisp. — of cutting for stone in the bladder. —
Lithot''rity,
n. Habit or act of lisping. -rt-tt, n. Operation of breaking a stone in the blad-
Lissom. See under Lithe. der into pieces that may be voided.
List, list, n. The outer edge or selvage of cloth; strip Lithuanian, lith-u-a''nT-an, a. Of or pert, to Lithua-
of cloth forming the border a boundary; border. ; nia, a part of the Russian and Prussian territory
(Arch.) _ Alittle square molding; fillet, —v. t. To bordering on the Baltic sea. n. The language of,
sew (strips of cloth) together; to form a border; to etc., now extinct, a branch of the Slavonic closely
cover or pack (a crack) with list or with strips of akin ta the Lettish of Courland and Livonia, and to
cloth; to mark as if with list. Lisfing, n. Same — the Old Pnisaian.
nsLisT. —
Lisfel, w. (Arch.) fillet. A Litigate, lit'l-gat, v. t. To contest in law, engage in a
—
List, list, «. A
roll; catalogue; register; inventory. lawsuit, prosecute or defend in a court of justice.
V. t. To place in a list or catalogue; to enlist; to V. i. To carry on a suit by judicial process. Lif- —
engage in the public service. r. i. To enlist. — igant, a. Disposed to litigate; engaged in a lawsuit.
— —
List, list, Ji. A
line inclosing or forming the extrem- n. A person engaged in a lawsuit. Litiga''tion,
ity of a field of combat pi. the ground or field n. Act or process of litigating; a suit at law; judi-
inclosed for a race or combat.
;

v. t. To inclose for — cial contest. —

Litig'ious, -tij''us, a. Inclined to
combat. litigation: quarrelsome; contentious; subject to con-
List, list, V. i. To desire, choose, please. Listless, — tention; disputable; pert, to legal disputes.
a. Lit., devoid of desire; weary; not attending ; in- Litmus, lifmus, n. A
coloring matter obtained from
different to what is passing languid ; indolent. several lichens. —
Litmus paper. Unsized paper pre-
List, list, n. (Naut.) An
inclination to one side,
;

— pared with litmus for use as a delicate chemical test:

said of a ship. blue litmus paper turns red when it touches an acid,
List, list. Listen, lis'n, v. i. [listened (-nd), -en- and the red paper turns blue when exposed to an
ING.] To attend closely with a view to hear; to alkali.
hearken; to yield to advice, obey. Litre, li'^ter or le^'tr, n. Same as Liter.
Litany, lit''a-nT, n. A
solemn form of supplications Litter, lifter, n. A portable bed or stretcher for car-
for mercy and deliverance, used in public worship; rying a person, esp. a sick person; bedding of straw
esp. the responsive form of general supplication in for animals; a covering of straw for plants; a con-
the Book of Common Prayer. fused mass of objects little valued scattered rub-
;

Liter, li'^ter or letter, n. A

metric measure of capaci- bish; a condition of disorder or confusion; number
ty = l cubic decimeter= 61.016 cubic inches, or 2.113 of pigs, etc., born at once. —
v. t. [littered (-terd),
Amer. pints =
61.027 cubic inches. -TEUING.] To supply with litter; to scatter things
Literal, lifer-al, a. According to the letter; real; not over in a slovenly manner; to give birth to.— v. i.
figurative or metaphorical; following the letter or To produce a litter.
exact words not free consisting of, or expressed Litterateur. See under Literal.
by, letters. — ; ;

Liferally, adv. According to the Little, lifl, a. [less, least.] Small in size or ex-
primary and natural import of words; word by tent; diminutive; short in duration; brief; small in
word; "exactly. —
Liberalism, -izm, «. Adherence to quantity or amount; small in dignity, power, or im-
the letter; a mode of interpretmg literally. Lit''- — portance; insignificant; contemptible; small in force
eralist, n. One who adheres to the exact word; an or efficiency; weak; slight; petty; small In generos-
interpreter according to the letter. Literal'^ity, n. — ity; mean.— w. A small quantity, amount, space,
Quality of being literal. —
Liferalize, v. t. [-ized etc.; small degree or scale; miniature. adv. In a —
(-izd), -iziNG.] To interpret or put in practice ac- small quantity or degree; not much; slightly.
cording to the strict meaning of the words. Lif- — Lit'tleness, n. State or quality of being little; small-
erary, -er-a-rY, a. Pert, to or connected with litera- ness; want of grandeur; insignificance; meanness.
ture or men of letters; versed or engaged in litera- Littoral, lit'to-ral, a. Of, pert, to, or inhabiting a
ture; consisting in letters or compositions. Lit- — shore, as of the sea; pert, to the zone on a sea-coast,
era'tus, n. ; pi. -ati, -ti. learned man; man of A between high and low water mark.
erudition. —
Litterateur, le-ta-ra-ter'', n. One versed Liturgy, lit''er-jT, n. The established formulas for
in literature; a literary man. Liferate, -er-at, a. — public worship mchurches using prescribed forms.
Instructed in learning and science; learned let- (Rom. Cath. Church.) The mass, or entire ritual.
tered. — n. In Eng., one educated, but not having
;

— Litur''gic, -gical, a. Pert, to a liturgy, or to public

taken a university degree a literary man. Lit-
; — worshiii.
era''tim, adv. Letter for letter. Lit'erature, -er-a- — Live, Lively, etc. See under Life.
chur, n. Learning acquaintance with letters or
; Liver, liv'er, n. (Anat.) A
large abdominal organ or
books; the collective body oi literary productions; gland, which secretes the bile or gall: in the human
the class of writings disting. for beauty of style or body it is the largest gland, and is situated immedi-
expression, as poetrv, essays, history; belles-lettres. ately beneath the diaphragm.
Lithe, litii, a. Capabl? of being easily bent; pliant; Livery, liv'Sr-t, n. (Eng. Law.) Act of delivering pos-
flexible; limber. —
Lithe'^ness, n. Lithe^some, — session of lands or tenements; writ by which posses-
-sum, Lis''som, a. Pliant; limber; nimble. sion is obtained. Deliverance; formerly that which
Lithic, lith^ik, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, stone, esp. is delivered out statedly, as clothing, food, etc.; esp.
to stone in the bladder; uric. n. (Med.) medi- — A the peculiar dress by which the servants of a house-
cine preventive of, etc. —
Litfarge, -arj, n. Semi- hold are distinguished; peculiar dress appropriated
crystalline or partially fused yellow or red protoxide by any body of persons to their own use; company
of lead, used in glass-making, etc. Litli''ium, -i- — of those wearing such a garb; any characteristic
um, n. (Chem.') A
very soft metal, the lightest — dress or outward appearance; an allowance of food
solid known. —
Lith'ofrac'teur, -frak-'ter, n. An statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to ser-
explosive compound of nitroglycerine, q. v. — Lith''- vants, to norses, etc.; release from wardship. v. t.
ograph, -graf, v. t. [-geaphed (-graft), -graphing.] —
To clothe in livery. Liv'ery-sta'ble, n. stable A
To trace on stone, and transfer to paper, etc., by where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling
printing. — n. A print from a drawing on stone. — is provided. *

siin, Giibe, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bosboN, chair, get.
 LIVID 280 LOCUST
Livid, liVid, a. Black and blue; of a lead color; dis- Lobster, lob-'ster, n. An edible, fan-tailed, stalk-eyed,
colored, as bruised flesh. decapod crustacean, with
Livre, li''ver or le'vr, n. A
French money of account, large claws, —
one of the
attt-rward a silver coin equal to 20 sous, or 18J cents. scavengers of the sea. "^^ ^ j^"^^ #
Lisivial. etc. See under Lye. Local, lo-'kal, a. Pert, to a"
Lizard, liz'ard, «. A
four-footed particular place, or to a
rep tile, havinar an elongate, limited portion of space;
round body,' tong tail, head confined to a spot, place,-
covered with polygonal plates, or definite district. Lo- —
and a free tongue, more or less ^
divided at the end. {A^aut.) A jzi^kS^^^*^'
cal'ity, -I-tt, n.
ence m
Exist-
a place, or in a
£-
Lobster.
^
piece of rope with thimbles or i^u^^^V certain portion of space;
.blocks attached \iy'
spliced -i^^-
position; situation: limitation to a county, district,
kgs. Lizard. or place. Lo'calize, r. <. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To
Llama, lifma, n. {Zool.) An ungulate ruminating fix in, or assign to a definite place: to discover the
mammal, of S. Amer., allied to place of. —
Lo''cally,_«(;/u. With respect to place in ;

the camel and alpaca: it was place. Lo'cate, -kat, v. t. To place, set in a par-
the only beast of burden of the ticular position to designate the site or place of
:

aborigines, and is still used in to designate by limits to select or determine the

p'lrts of the Andes too rough bounds or place of. — ;

Loca'tion, 71. Act of placing,

a;-.d steep for any other animal. or of designating a place place where something ;

Lo. lo, interj. Look; see; behold; spoken of is fixed a tract of land designated in
:

observe. place. {Ch'il Law.) A

leasing on rent. {Amer. Laiv.)
Loach, loch, n. A
small food-fish, The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying
allied to the minnow, inhabit- Llama. the site, of a piece of land, according to the descrip-
ing clear streams. tion given in an entrv, plan, map, etc. Lo'cative, —
Load, lod, n. A burden; that which is laid on or put -ka-tiV, a. {Gram.) rndicating place, or the place
ill anything for conveyance a weight CLuantity where, or wherein. —
Locomc'tion, n. Act or power
;

which one can carry; contents of a cart, barrow, or

;

of moving from place to place. Locomc'tive, -tiv, —

vessel; lading: weight; cargo; a heavy burden that ;
a. Changing, or able to change, place; occupied in.
which oppresses the mind a particular measure p r o d u-
for certain articles, — ;

as much as is commonly car- cing mo-

ried at one time; the charge of a fire-arm. —r. t. To tion, or in
lay a burden on, cause to bear, furnish with a cargo; moving
to weigh down, encumber, bestow in abundance; fro m
to add to the weight of, by some extraneous addi- place to
tion; to charge (a gun) with powder, etc. )3 1 ace .
—
Load-, Lodestar, lod'stiir, n. The star that leads; pole- Locomo'-
star.— Load''-, Lode''stone, n. {Min.) Magnetic tive, L.-
iron ore possessing polarity like a magnetic needle. en'gine, n.
Loaf, lof, n. ; pi. Loaves, lovz. Any thick lump or A wheel-
mass esp., a regularly shaped or "molded mass, as
; ca r r i a ge
of bread, sugar, or cake. su p p o rt-
Loaf- lof, i\ i. [loafed (loft), loafing.] To spend in g and
time in idleness; to lounge, loiter. r. t. —
To pass in driven bj- Locomotive.
idleness, waste lazily. —
Loaf''er, n. An idle man; a a steam- AA, boiler ; B, smoke-box ; C, chimney ; E,
lazy lounger; one who lives by sponging; a vagrant. engine, to sand-box ; F, cab G, cylinder OP, feed-
; ;

Loam, lom, 7i. A rich friable soil chiefij' composed of convey pipe ; T, steam-chest ; UU, parallel rod ;
VG, piston-rod ; W, ash-pan.
silicious sand, claj-, carbonate of lime, and humus. goods o
— V. t. [LOAMED (lomd), LOAJiiXG.] To cover with passengers, or to draw railroad cars.
loam. Loch, lok, n. A lake a bay or arm of the sea.
:

Loan. See tinder Lexd. Lock, lok, n. Any tiling th'at fastens; esp. a fastening
Loatli, loth, a. Filled with aversion; unwilling; back- for a door, lid, etc., in which a bolt is projected or
ward; reluctant. —
Loathe, loth, v. t. [loathed withdrawn by, or in connection with, the action of
(lothd), LOATHING.] To have an extreme aversion a separate piece, called a fey; £. fastening together;
of the appetite to food or drink; to dislike greatlj', state of beingfixed orimmovable; a place locked up;
hate, abhor, detest, abominate. — Loath'sr, n. — barrier confining the water of a stream or canal; in-
Loath^ful, -ful, a. Full of loathing; ex-citing dis- closure in a canal with gates at each end, used in
gust; disgusting. —
Loath'some, -sum, a. Causing raising or lowering boats from one level to another;
to loathe; exciting disgust, hatred, or abhorrence; that part of a fire-arm containing the apparatus for
odious. ,
exploding the charge.— r. *. [locked (lokt), lock-
Loaves. See Loaf. ing.] To fasten with a lock and key; to fasten so
Lob, lob, n. A dull, heavy, sluggish person something : as to impede motion: to confine, close fast, encircle,
—
thick and heavy. v. t. To let fall !ieavily or lazily. or inclose; to furnish with locks, as a canal. v. i. —
Lobby, lob'bT, n. {Arch.) An inclosed place commu- To become fast; to unite closely by mutual inser-
nicating with one or more apartments; a hall or tion. —
Lock'er, n. A
close place, as a drawer or
waiting-room. That part of a hall of legislation not compartment in a ship, that may be closed with a
appro p'riated to the official use of the assembly; fre- lock; a cupboard. —
Lock'et, n. A. catch to fasten a
quenters of such a place for business with legisla- necklace, etc.; a little gold case worn as an orna-
tors. {Ncmt.} An apartment before the captain's ment, containing a lock of hair, miniature, etc.
cabin. v. i. [lobbied (-bid), -ey- Locked'-, lokf-. Lock'-jaw, n. {2Ied.) A painful
ing.] To solicit members of a legis- and often fatal variety of tetanus, in which the jaws
lative body, Vith a view to influence are immovably
their votes. closed.
Lobe, lob, n. Ajxy projection or divis-
—
Lock, lok, n. A
tuft,
ion, esp. of a rounded form. Lobed, tress, or ringlet of
lobd, Lc'bate, -bated, -ba-ted, a. hair; a flock of
- Consisting of, or having, lobes.— wool a small
;

Lob'^nle, -ul, n. A
small lobe. quantity, as of
Lobelia, lo-be-'lt-a, n. {Bot.) genus A hay.
of plants, including many species, Locomotion. L o c o-
one of which is used in medicine as y ^ t t mot.ve, etc. See
an emetic, expectorant, etc.; some LoDat€ Leaf, under Local. Locust.
are very pois(5nous, and others are prized for their Locust, lo'^kust, n. {Entom.) jumping, orlhopter- A
flowers. OU3 insect, of several species, some of which are
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — , — ;

LOCUTION 231 LOOK

popularly called grass-hoppers: some'species swarm questcred ;secluded. — Lone'^Bome, -sum, a. Se-
periodicallj' in countless numbers, devouring every- eluded from society solitary; dismal; lonely.
\

thing before them; also, incorrectly, the harvest-fly. Long, long, a. [longer (lon''ger), longest (lon'-
(Bot.) The locust-tree. — Lo'cust-tree, n. A legu- gest).] Drawn out in a line; protracted; extentfed
minous tree of several genera, esp. a N. Amer. tree, in time; faraway; distant; extended to any speci-
producing large, slender racemes of white, fragrant fied measure; slow in coming: continued through a
flowers. I
considerable time, or to a great length; far-reaching;
Locution, lo-ku'' shun, «. Speech, or discourse; phrase. extensive. (Stock Exchange.) Holding a quantity
Lode, lod, n. Qlininrj.) A regular vein or course, of stock; having bought stock on time, which may
whether metallic or not. A cut or reach of water. — be called for at pleasure. —
adv. To a great extent
Lodestar, Lodestone. Same as Loadstar and Load- in space or in time; at a point of duration far dis-
\

—
STONE.
Lodge, loj, V. t. [LODGED
(lojd), lodging.] To de-
j

|
tant ;

—
through the whole extent.
A ship's largest boat.
Long'-boat, ?i.
head'ed, a. Having fore-
posit for preservation; to infix, throw in, plant; to
fix in the heart, mind, or memorj-; to furni.sh with a
temporary habitation, harbor, cover. v. i. To re- —
\

discerning. — —
thought and sagacity orgreat penetration of thought;
meas'ure, n.
measure of length.
lyineal measure; the
prim'er, n. (Print.) A kind
side, dwell: to rest or dwell for a time: to sink or be of type, in size between small pica and bourgeois.
beaten down, as grain. n. —
place in which one A j

1^" This line is in long primer.

may
j

find shelter, as, a small house in a park or for-

est; or the house of the gate-keeper on an estate; a
i

j
— L.-sight'ed, a. Able to see at a great distance; of
local branch of a secret association, as of the Free- acute-intellect; sagacious: far-seeing; able to see ob-
masons, etc.; or the place in which they assemble. jects distinctly at a distance, but not close at hand. —
— Lodg'er, n. One who lodges, esp. one who lives -wind'ed, a. Long-breathed; tediously protracted in
in a hired room, or who has a bed in another's house speaking, argument, or narration. —Length, length,
for a night; one who resides in tcay place for a time. n. The longest measure of any object, disting. fr. —
— Lodg'^ing, A place of residence for a time; har-
n. depth, thickness;hreadth, or icidth ; extent from end
bor; cover. — Lodg'^ment, n. Act of, or state of be- to end; extent of space or time; a subdivision of a
ing, etc. a lodging-place room accumulation of
; thing, as of a fence; long continuance; detail or am-
;

—
:

something deposited or remaining at. rest. (Mil.) plification. Length''en, -n, V. t. [-ENED (-nd), -EN-
Occupation of a position, by a besieging party. ING.] To extend in length, elongate; to extend in
Loft, loft, H. That which is lifted up; an elevation; time, protract to occupy time with, expand to
esp. the space under a roof; a gallery in a church,
;

draw out in pronunciation. v. i. To grow Ion — ;

hall, etc.; a floor or room placed above another. ger, extend in length. —
Longev'ity, -jev-'I-tl, n
Loft-'y, -T, a. [-IER, -lEST.] Lifted high up tower- ; Length of life. Longi- —
ing elevated in character or rank, language or
; ros''ter,-jt-ros''ter, w. One
style ; tall ; exalted ; dignified ; stately ; majestic ; of a tribe of grallatory
haughtj'. birds, havinglong, slender
Log, log, n. A
bulky stick of wood or timber. {Naut.') beaks, which they thrust
An apparatus for measuring the into the mud in search of
rate of a ship's motion through the food, as the snipes, etc.
Avater; journal of a ship's progress, — Lon''gitude, -jl-tud, n.
etc.; lojj-book.— I'.i. [LOGGED(logd), Length; measure or dis-
-GiNG.J To cut and get out logs. tance along the longest
— Log'' wood, n. red, heav3% as-A line. (Geog.) Distance I

tringent dj'e-wood f r. S. Amer. and east or west from the \

the W. Indies, used with other Log, Line, and meridian of agiven place,
agents to color yellow, brown, and Glass. expressed in degrees sig-
esp. black hsematoxylon Cam- ;
nifying each l-;^60th of
peachy wood.
;

—
Log'gerhead, n. A blockhead the parallel of latitude on Longirosters.
dunce; a spherical mass of iron, with a long handle, which the measurement
6, Godwit
(Ast.ron.) Dis- a, Glossy
Ibis
used to heat tar. (Naut.) A piece of round tmiber, in is made.
Stilt.
;

a whale-boat, over which the line is passed, to make tance in degrees, reckoned
it run more slowly. from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle
Logarithm, log''a-ritlim, n. (Math.) One of a system at right angles to it passing through the heavenly
of numbers increasing in arithmetical progression, body whose longitude is designated. Longitud'*^- —
representing a series increasing in geometrical pro- inal, a. Pert, to longitude or length; running
gression, used to facilitate mathematical calcula- lengthwise.
tions, operations being much abridged by using log- Long, long, v. i. [longed (longd), longing.] To de-
arithm.s instead of the natural numbers for whicli sire earnestly or eagerly; to have an eager or craving
they stand.— Logarith'^mic, -mical, a. Pert, to or appetite. — Long''ing, n. An eager desire earnest ;

consisting of, etc. —

Logic, loj^ik, n. Science of ex- wish; aspiration; craving or morbid appetite.
act reasoning or of pure and formal thought, or of Longe. See Lunge.
the laws according to which the process of pure Longshore-man, long'shor-man, n. One of a class of
thinking should be conducted; correct reasoning. laborers employed about wharves, esp. in loading
— Log''ical, «. Pert, to, used in, according tothe rules and unloading vessels.
of, or skilled in, logic— Logician, -jish^'an, n. One Loo, loo,
?i. A game at cards. v.t. [looed (lobd),
skilled in logic. looing.] To beat in the game of loo, by winning
Loin, loin, n. That part of an animal between the il- every trick at the game.
ium or haunch bone and the false ribs: see Beef, Loof, Toof or luf . Same as Luff.
Horse, pi. A corresponding part of the human Look, Wok, V. i. [looked (l(K(kt), looking.] To di-
body, —called also the reins. rect the eye toward an object as if to see it: to direct
Loiter, loi'ter, v. i. F-teked (-tErd), -tering.] To be the attention to, consider; to wait for expectantly;
slow in moving, delay, lag, saunter. to penetrate, solve, as a mystery; to direct the gaze
Loll, lol, V. i. [LOLLED (lold), LOLLING.] To act la- in all directions, be circumspect, watch; to seek,
zily or indolently; to throw one's self down, lie at search; to observe narrowly, esamine, scrutinize; to
ease; to hang extended from the mouth, as the seem, appear; to face, front; in the imperative, see;
tongue of an ox or a dog; to put out the tongue. — behold; take notice; obse'rve. v. t. To influence or—
V. t. To thrust out (the tongue). subdue by looks or presence to express or manifest ;

Lollipop, loKlt-pop, n. A
sugar confection which dis- —
by a look. n. Cast of countenance; air of the face;
solves in the mouth. aspect; manner; glance; act of looking or seeing;
Lone, Ion, a. Having no company; solitary; retired; view; watch. —
Look''ing-glass, n. glass which A
standing by itself; single; unmarried, or in widow- reflects whatever is before it a mirror. — Look ''out,
;

hood. —
Lone'ly, -H, «. [-LIER, -LiEST.] Seques- n. A careful looking for any object or event; place
tered from company or neighbors; sad from lack of from which observation is made a person engaged ; ,

companionship or sympathy unfrequented se- ; ; in watching.

sun, cube, full ; moon, ffitit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. iiien. bouboN.- ehair. set.
 LOOM 232 LOVE
Loom, loom. n. A trame or machine for weaving cloth Lorn, 16rn, a. Lost; undone; forsaken; lonelj'; bereft.
out of thread; the Lose, looz, V. t. [lost (16st), losing.] To be rid of un-
part of an oar intentionally; to forfeit oy unsuccessful contest: to
within the part with, be deprived of to throw away, employ ;

rowlock. ineffectually, waste, squander to wander from to ; ;

Loom, loom, v. miss, so as not to be able to find to perplex or be- ;

i. [LOOMED wilder; to ruin, destroy to cease to view ; to fail to

;

00 m d ) obtain. —
v. i. To forfeit anything in contest to
—
;
( 1 ,

LOOMING.] To suffer loss by comparison. Los'er, n. One who

appear above loses, or is deprived of. anything by defeat, forfeit-
the surface ure, etc. —
Loss, 15s, n. Act of losing failure de- : ;

either of sea struction ; privation ; state of having been deprived

or land to of thing lost; waste. {Mil.) Killed, wounded, and
appear larger
; ;

captured persons, or captured property. Lost, a. —

than the real Parted from unwillingly unintentionallj' rid of ; ;

dimensions, missing; forfeited in unsuccessful contest; deprived

and indis- of; thrown away; employed ineffectually wasted; ;

tinctly; to bewildered ; perplexed ruined or destroyed; hard-;

rise and'to be ened beyond sensibility or recovery; not perceptible

eminent. n. — Loom. to the senses; not visible.
The indistinct appearance of anything, as land, Lot, lot, n. That which happens without human de-
whose outline only is visible. sign or forethought; chance; hazard; fortune; acon-
Loon, Icon, n. A
sorry fellow rogue rascal. ; ;
trivance to determine a question by chance; part, or
Loon, loon, n. A
migratory swimming and diving bird fate, which falls to one by chance separate portion ;

of northern regions, of several species, esp. the great belonging to one person a distinct parcel, separate ;

northern diver or ember goose. Eart; distinct portion of land; quantity or large num-
Loop, loop, n. A
doubling of a string, cord, etc., for er. —V. t. To allot, assign; to separate into lots or
ornament or through which another cord, etc., may parcels, assort.— Lot'tery, -ter-T,
pass; a noose; bight; a narrow opening; loop-hole. n. Adistribution of anything
'

— v.t. [looped (loopt), LOOPING.] To fasten, se- by lot or chance esp. a gambling;

cure, or ornament, by means of loops. [Ir. and Ga. scheme, in which certain tickets
lub, a loop, also to bend.] Loop''-hole, n. (Mil.) — A draw prizes and the rest are
small opening in walls of a fortification or bulk-head blanks.
of a ship, through which to fire at an enemy; an Lote, lot, Lo'tus, -tos, n. slirub A
aperture for escape: see Castle. of ^. Africa and S. Europe, of
Loose, loos, V. t. [LOOSED (lobst), loosikg.] To untie several genera, o n e of which
or unbind, free from any fastening, set free; to re- prob. furnished the food of
lease from anything obligatory or burdensome, ab- Homer's lotus-eaters, and was
solve, remit to relax, loosen
; to unfasten, undo, ; fabled to make strangers forget

— —
unlock. V. i. To set sail; to leave a port or harbor. their native land; the nettle tree; Lotus. (Arch.)
a. Unbound; untied; not attached, fastened, or an Egyptian water-lily of several species; a legumi-
fixed; free from obligation; disengaged; not tight or nous clover-like plant. (Arch.) An ornament in
close; not crowded orcompact; not concise; not pre- the form of the Egj'ptian water-lily.
cise or exact vague not strict or rigid unconnected
; ; ; Loth. Same as Loath.
rambling having lax bowels dissolute wanton Lotion, lo''shun, ??. A
washing, esp. of the skin, to
unchaste.
;

—
Loos'en, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -en-
; ; ;

render it fair; a liquid preparation for washing some

ING.] To make loose, free from tightness or fixed- part of the body. (Med.) healing application in A
ness; to render less compact; to free from restraint; a fluid form, to be applied externally to the body.
to remove costiveness from. v. i. To become less— Loto, Lottery. See under Lot.
tight, firm, or compact. —
Looso'^ness, n. Loud, lowd, a. Having or making a strong or great
Loot, loot, n. Act of plundering in a conquered city; sound; clamorous; boisterous; emphatic: noisy; vo-
booty; plunder. —
v. t. or i. To plunder; to carry ofE ciferous; vehement. —
adv. With loudness; loudly.
as prize obtained by war. Lough, lok, n. Same as Loch.
Lop, lop, V. t. [LOPPED LOPPIXG.] To CUt off Lounge, lownj, v. i. [lounged (lownjd), lounging.]
(lopt),
(the top of anything) to cut partly off and bend
; To spend time lazily; move idly about; to recline at
down; to let fall. v. i. To hang downward, be ease; loll. n. An idle gait or stroll; act of reclining
pendent. —
n. That cut off, as from trees that at ease place for lounging piece of furniture on
which lops or falls over. Lop'"sided, a. Heavier —which to recline.
; ; ;

on one side than the other; inclining to one side. Louse, lows, n. ; pi. Lice, lis. wingless, bloodsuck- A
Lope, lop, V. t. [loped (lopt), LOPixG.] To run with ing insect, of several species, parasitic upon men,
—
long strides. n. A leap a gait of horses, dogs, etc. animals, and birds. Lous'y, lowz'^T, a. Swarming —
Loq[aacious, lo-kwa'shus, a. Talkative given to con-
;

with lice; infested with lice.

; Lous'^iness, n. —
tinual talking noisy. — Loqua'^dousness, Loquac''- Lout, lowt, re. _A mean, awkward fellow; a bumpkin.
;

ity, -kwas''l-ti, n. Habit of talking excessively; gar- Louver, -vre, loo''ver, n. An opening in the roof of
rulity; babbUng. ancient buildings for ventila-
Lord, 16rd, n. A superior; master; governor; ruler; in tion, often in the form of a
iSng., a nobleman of any rank above that of a baronet, turret or small lantern. Louver
hence, by courtesy, the son of a duke or marquis or window. (Arch.) An opening
eldest son of an earl, also a bishop, if a member of in a bell-tower, church steeple,
Parliament a title of these persons and also of
; etc., crossed by a series of slats.
certain official characters or representatives of maj- Lovage, luv'ej, n. An umbel-
esty; proprietor of a manor; a husband; the Supreme liferous plant, used in med-
—
Being; Jehovah. r. i. To plaj' the lord; domineer. icine as an aromatic stimulant.
— Lord'ly, -IT, a. [-liek, -liest.] Becoming or Love, luv, n. Act of loving; pre-
pert, to a lord proud imperious domineering : eminent kindness or devotion
—
; ; ;

arrogant; insolent. Lord'ship, n. State or quality to another affection court- ; ;

of being a lord; hence (with his, your, or their), a ship devoted attachment to ;

title applied to a lord, except to an archbishop or one of the opposite sex fond- ;

duke; territory of a lord over which he holds juris- ness devotion the object of : ;

diction; a manor; dominion; authority. affection moral good- will Louver Window.
Lore, lor, m. That which is or may be known; erudi- kindness charity Cupid, 5upid, the god of ot love. v. t.
;

; ;
—
tion; instruction; counsel. [LOVED (luvd), LOVING.] To be pleased with, 5e
Lorette, lo-ref, n. One of a class of females of light fond of, like to have good-will toward to have a ; ;

character in Paris supported bj' their lovers. strong affection for. have a tender feeling toward;
Lorgnette, lorn-yet'', n. An opera-glass. to delight in, with exclusive affection.- To de-
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd. tone, or ;
 —— —

LOW 233 LUNE

light, take pleasure, be in love. Lov'er, 7i. One — Ludicrous, lu'dt-krus, a. Adapted to excite laughter,
wlio loves eap. one in love with a person of the op-
; without scorn or contempt sportive burlesque ; ; ;

posite sex; one who likes oris pleased. Love'ly, -It, — comic; droll; ridiculous.
a. [-LIER, -LIEST.] Fitted to excite, or worthy of, Luff, luf, V. i. [luffed (luft), luffing.] (Naut.) T»
love or esteem; amiable; charming ; delightfur; en- turn the head of a ship toward the wind to sail
chanting. nearer the wind. n. —
The side of a ship toward the
;

Lovp, lo, V. i. [lowed (lod^, lowing.] To cry or call wind act of sailing a ship close to the wind.; the
as a cow; to moo. n. —
The voice of cattle.
;

roundest part of a ship's bow; the forward or weather

Low, lo, a. Occupying an inferior or depressed position leech of a sail.
or place; not rising to the usual height; near the Lug, lug, V. t. [lugged (lugd), -ging.] To pull with
horizon; descending far below the adjacent ground; force, haul, drag to carry or convey with labor.
;
—
deep; sunk down to, or below, the natural level of n. Anj'thing drawn or carried with dilRculty a ;

the ocean by the retiring of the tide; below the usual weiglit effort of carrying anything heavy; in Scot.,
;

rate, amount, or value; reasonable: not high or loud. the ear, esp. its lobe"; that which projects like an
{Jilts.) Depressed in the scale of sounds grave. ; ear, as the handle of a pitcher; a projecting piece in
( Geog.) Near the equator. Late in time modern ; ; machinery to communi-
depressed delected humble in rank abject; vul-
; ; ; cate motion, etc.; esp. a
gar; base; disnouorable not elevated; submissive;
; short flange by or to
humble; feeble; weak; moderate; not intense; in re- which something is fas-
duced circumstances; imijoverished; not high sea- tened; j^ri n g-sh aped
soned or nourishing; plain; simple. adv. In a low — piece of leather, fastened
position or manner; under the usual price; cheaplv; to the saddle of a single ^ j j i
near the ground; humbly; meanly; in time approacli- harness, to hold up the -^^S- ^' ^' ^"S®-
ing our own; with a depressed voice; in a state of shaft. — Lug'gage, -gej, n.
That which is lugged or
subjection, poverty, or disgrace. {Astron.) In a path carried with difficulty anything cumbrous esp. a ; ;

near the equator, or so that the declination is small. traveler's trunks, baggage, etc. something of more
— Low'ly, -It, a. [-liee, -liest.] Not high; not ele- —
weight than value. Lug'ger, n. A small vessel car-
;

vated in place mean wanting dignity or rank hum-

; ; ; rying 2 or 3 masts, with a running bowsprit and lug
ble; meek; free from pride. adv. In a low manner — —
sails. Lug-'sail, «. A square sail bent upon a yard
or condition humbly meanly.
; Low'er, v. t.
;
— that hangs obliquely to the mast at J of its length.
r-ERED (-erd), -EEING.] To cause to descend, let Lugubrious, lu-gu''brt-us, a. Mournful ; indicating
down, take down to bring down, humble to re-
; sorrow. ;

duce in value, amount, etc. — w. i. To fall, grow Lukewarm, luk'wawrm, a. Moderately warm nei-
less,diminish, decrease. —
Low'er-case, a. (Print.) ther cold nor hot ; tepid ; not ardent not zealous ;
;
;

Pert, to or kept in the lower case, said of the small — indifferent.

letters, disting. from capitals. Lull, lul, V. t. [lulled (luld), lulling.] To cause
Lower, low'er, [-seed (-erd), -being.] To be
v. i. to rest by soothing influences to quiet. ;
— v. i. To
clouded, threaten a storm to frown, look sullen. ; become gradually calm, subside. — 7i. Power or
Loyal, loi'^al, a. Devoted to the maintenance of law; quality of soothing a season of temporary quiet
faitlif ul to lawful government, to the sovereign, or after storm or confusion.
;

Lull''aby, -a-bi, n. — A
to a lover, friend, etc., esp. under trying circum- song to quiet babes.
stances; true to a cause or to one's word. Lumbago, lum-ba'^go, n. {Mg:J.) rheumatic pain A
Lozenge, loz-'enj, n. A
figure with four equal sides, in the loins and small of the back. Lumbag''inous, —
having 2 acute and 2 ob- -baj''t-nus, a. Pert, to lumbago. Lum'bar, a. —
tuse angles; a diamond; {Anal.) Pert, to, or near the loins.
a rhomS; a small cake of Lumber, lum''ber, n. Orig., a pawnbroker's shop, a
sugar, etc., often medi- pledge or pawn; am^tliing cumbrous; things thrown
cated, orig. of a diamond aside as useless; timber sawed for use. v.t. [lum- —
shape. Lozenge molding. BEEED(-berd), -Bering.] To heap together in disor-
(Arch.) A molding used ,-
Lozenge t.^ n-
Molding.
der; to fill with lumber. v. i. To move heavily, as —
in Norman architecture, if burdened; to rumble; to cut lumber and prepare
having lozenge-shaped compartments or ornaments. it for market.
Lubber, lub'ber, n. A heavy, clumsy fellow; esp. one Liiminary, lu''mt-na-rt, n. Any body that gives light;
unskilled in seamanship; sturdy drone; clown. esp., one of the heavenly bodies; one who illustrates
liUbric, lu'^brik, -brical, a. Having a smooth surface ;
any subject, or enlightens mankind. Lu'minous, —
slippery wavering unsteady lascivious lewd. -mt-nus, a. Shining, emitting light bright clear,
— ;

Lu'bricant, n.
;

That which lubricates. Lu'bri-

;

— ;

as if illuminated lucid. ;
; ;

cate, r. t. To make smooth or slippery to supply ; Lump, lump, n. A

mass of matter, of no definite
with an oily, greasy, or other substance diminishing shape, or thrown together without order or distinc-
friction. Lubrica'^tion, n. Act of, etc.— Lu-'brica'- tion.— v.t. [lumped (lumpt), lumping.] To throw
tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc. into amass; to take in the gross, speak of collectively.
Lucent, lu''sent, a. Shining bright resplendent. ; ; •—Lunch, n. A repast between breakfast and dinner;
— Lu'cid, -sid, a. Shining bright clear transpa- food taken at other than regular meal times; a light,
rent; easily understood clear; distinct; luminous;
; ; ;

informal repast instead of a regular meal. — v. i.

sane; reasonable. — ;

Lu'^cifer, -st-fer, ?i. The planet [lunched (luncht), lunching.] To take a lunch.
Venus, when appearing as the morning star, ap- — — Luncli''eon, -un, n. Same as Lunch, n.
plied, in Isaiah, by metaphor, to a king of Babylon; Lune, lun, n. Anything in the shape of a half -moon.
hence, Satan a match made of wood tipped with a (Geom.) A crescent-shaped figure.
;

comoustible substance, to be ignited by friction.— — Lu'nar, a. Pert, to, or like, the

Lu'cubrate, v. i. To study by candle-light or a lamp. moon orbed measured by the
—
; ;

Lucubra'tion, n. Act of, etc.; nocturnal study ;

revolutions of the moon.— Lu'^nate,
that composed by night; any literary composition. -nated, a. (Bot.) Of the form of
Lu'culent, a. Lucid; clear; evident. the half-moon crescent-shaped.
Lucern, lu''sSrn, n. A leguminous plant cultivated — Lu'^natic, a. Affected by lunacy;
;

for fodder. insane exhibiting lunacy.

;
— n.
Luck, luk, n. That which happens to a person; chance; One who — Lu'nacy, -na-st,
is, etc.
fortune good fortune.
;
Luck'^y, -t, a. [-iee,— n. A popular name for insanity Lunate Leaf, ;

-lEST.] Favored by luck fortunate producing ; ; derangement; craziness. — Luna'^'tion, n. The period
good by chance, or unexpectedly; successful pros- ; of a synodic revolution of the moon, or the time
perous; auspicious. —
Luck'less, «. Without luck; from one new moon to the next. — Lunette'', -net'', n.
unfortunate meeting with ill-success.
;

— {Fort.) A detached bastion. {Far.) A half horse-

Lucre, lu''ker, n. Gain in money or goods profit. ; shoe. A somewhat flat watch-crystal; a kind of con-
Lu'crative, -krartiv, a. Yielding lucre gainful ; ; cavo-convex lens for spectacles; a covering for the
profitable. eye of a vicious horse. {Arch.) An aperture in a
Lucubrate, Luculent, etc. See under Lucent. concave ceiling.

siin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 LUNG- 234 LYRA.
Lung, lung, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 organs of respira- theranism, Lu''therisin, -izm, n. Doctrines taught
tion in an air-breath- by Luther.
ing animal. Luxate, luks-'at, v. t. To put out of joint, dislocate.
Lunge, Longe, lunj, n. — Luxa'tion, n^ Act or state of, etc. a dislocation. ;

A sudden push qr Luxury, luk'shoo-rT, n. Free or extravagant indul-

thrust. —
V. I. To de- gence in the pleasures of the table, and in costly
liver a lunge in fen- dress and equipage anything delightful to the
;

cing. senses a dainty any delicious or costly food or

; ;

Lupine, lu''pin,n. (Bot.) drink; any article not necessary for healtn or com-
A leguminous plant fort; epicurism; effeminacj'. —
Luxu''riate, v. i. To
of many species, some grow exuberantly, or to superfluous abundance; to
cultivated for their feed or Live luxuriously; to indulge to excess, de-
showy flowers, others light greatly.— Luxu'ria'tion, n. Act, or process of,
as forage plants, or to I jms^fsjffgis^t /
SEkiJ
smasitmia
immmW^. i/fflSWTtKMMl i-
a-
etc. —Luxu'rious, -rl-us, a. Given to luxurv; vo-
be plowed under as luptuous; administering to luxury; furnished with
fertilizers. luxuries; softening by pleasure, or free indulgence
Lupuline, lu'pu-lin, n. in luxury.
{Chem.) The bitter Lyceum, li-se^um, n. A place in Greece near the River
principle of hops. Ilissus, where Aristotle taught philosophy; a place
The fine yellow pow- for instruction by lectures or disquisition's; a higher
d e r o f hops, which school, in Europe, which prepares youths for the
contains that princi- J i h g f university; an association for literary improvement.
P -
Lurch, lerch,
- - —
n. (N^aut.)
Lungs, Heart, and chief Vital Lydian, Ud-'i-an, a. Pert, to Lydia, in Asia Minor, or
to its inhabitants; soft: effeminate, — said esp. of
Organs, in Man.
A sudden roll of a one of the ancient Greek modes or keys, whose
side. — v.
a, a, jugular veins 6, &, carotid
ship to one music was of a soft, pathetic character.
;

arteries c, trachea d, d, bron-

; ;
i. [UTRCHED (lercht), Lye, li, n. Water impregnated with alkali imbibed
chial veins ; e, e, bronchial ar-
LURCHING.] To with- from the ashes of wood, used in soap-making, etc.
teries ; k, I, lungs g, right au-
draw to one side, or to ricle h, inferior vena cava i, ;
;

Lixiv'ial, -T-al, a. Obtained by lixiviation; con-

;
—
a private place to lie right ventricle j, aortal artery;
; taining alkali extracted from wood-ashes
; of the ;

in ambush, lurk to /, left ventricle. color of, or like lye or alkaline salts from wood-ashes.
;

dodge, play tricks to roll or pass suddenly to one

;
— Lixiv'iate, -ated, a. Pert, to lye impregnated ;

side, as a ship in a heavy sea. To leave in the lurch. —

with alkali from wood-ashes. —Lixiv'iate, v. t. To
—
To leave in a di^cult situation, in embarrassment, subject to the process of lixiviation; to leach. Lix-
or without help. — Lurk, v. i. [lurked (lerkt), lurk- iy'la'^tion, n. Operation or process of extracting sol-
ing.] To lie hid, lie in wait; to keep out of sight. —
uble matter from insoluble by washing, filtering, or
Lurk'ing-place, n. A place in which one lurks. leaching, as alkali from ashes. —
LixiV'ium, -T-um, —
Lurch'er, n. One that lies in wait, esj). a dog that n. Water impregnated with soluble matter, as with
lies in wait for game, and seizes it, as hares, rabbits, alkaline salts imbibed from wood-ashes.
and the like; a glutton; gormandizer. Lymph, limf, n. Water, or a pure, transparent fluid
Lure, lur, n. An object resembling a bird, held out like water; a coagulable fluid in animal bodies, con-
by the falconer to call a hawk any enticement; de- tained in vessels called Ipmphaiics ; the watery part
coy; anything which attracts by promise of pleasure
;

of the pus or virus used in vaccination. Lymphat'- —

or advantage. v. i. —
[lured (lurd), lueikg.] To ic, -fat'^ik, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, containing-,
'

call a hawk or other animal. v. t. To draw to the —

or conveying lymph; heavj- in temperament; dull.
— n.
lure; entice; attract. (Physiol.) One of the vein-like, valved vessels
Lurid, lu''rid, a. Ghastly pale; yellow or red, as the in vertebrate animals, which absorb the Ij'mph fr.
sky when a tempest is coming; gloomy; dismal. various parts of the system and carry it to the tho-
Lurk, etc. See under Lurch. racic duct, etc.: see Lacteal.
Luscious, lush'us, a. Sweet delicious; sweet or rich Lsmch, linch, v. t. [lynched (lincht), lynching.]
—
;

so as to cloy; fulsome. Lush, a. Full of juice or To inflict punishment upon without the forms of
succulence. law; esp. to hang by mob-law. Lynch '-law, w. Pun-—
Lust, lust, n. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or ishment of men, by private, unauthorized persons.
enjoy carnal appetite concupiscence.
;
v. i. To ;
— Lynx, links, n. A sullen nocturnal feline animal of
"desire eagerlv, long to desire the gratification of
:
several species, with brilliant eyes, tufted ears, and
carnal appetite to have irregular or inordinate de-
;
short tail it preys upon birds and beasts in the
:

sires. — Lusffal, -ful, a. Having lust; provoking to

— woods of N. Europe, Asia, and Amer.- Lynx'-eyed,
Having acute sight. —
Lyn'cean, -se-an, a.
sensuality; carnal;' licentious; lewd; lecherous. -id, a.
Lus-'ty, -tt, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Exhibiting vigor, Pert, to the lynx.
health, etc.; able of body; large: robust; vigorous; Lyra, li^'ra, n. (Asfron.) A
northern constellation,
healthful; bulky; corpulent; lustful. . .
situated directly
luster, -tre, lus-'ter, n. That which shines or is bril- ,^^^ in front of Ursa

liant; splendor; brightness: renown; distinction; a v3 Major. —Lyre,

candlestick ornamented with pendants of cut glass. {Mus.)
lir, n. A
— Lus'trous, -trus, a. Bright shining.— Lus'tnng,
;
stringed instru-
ment of music;
n. A kind of glossv silk cloth. a kind of harp
Lute, lut, n. A pear-shaped musical instrument, -wnose used by the an-
strings are struck with the right
cients. {Astron.)
hand, while the left presses them
upon the stops. The constellation
Lute, lut, Lut'ing, w. (Chcm.) A Lyra. Ly'rist, —
11. One who plays
composition of clay or other te- T-
^^^^-
nacious substance, used for mak- upon the lyre.
ing joints of chemical vessels, Lyre'-bird, n. An Australian'
etc., air-tight; a rubber packing bird, having the 1(5 tail feath-
ring; a coating of clay, sand, etc., ers of the male arranged in
to protect retorts, etc., when ex- the form of a lyre: it is the
posed to heat. —
v.t. To close or only known
—
species of its
coat with lute. genus. Lj^^'^ic, iTr'ik, -ical,
=-
Luteous, lu''te-us, a. Of a deep-yel- a. Pert, to a lyre or harp;
low, golden-yellow, or orange- Lute. fitted to be sung to the lyre;--^
yellow color. appropriate for song. Lyr'- —
Lutheran, lu'ther-an, Pert, to INIartin Luther, the
a. ic, n. A
lyric poem; a song; t vre-bird
reformer. n. — A disciple, or adherent to the doc- a verse of the kind usually -^^'*^
—
'^^'^'^•

trines, of Luther or the Lutheran church. Lu'- — employed in lyric poetry, chiefly in pi.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 —

M 235 MAGI

M.
M, em, the 13th letter of the Eng. alphabet, represents 1
Mackerel, mak'§r-el, n. A food fish, blue, streaked
a labial articulation, and is called the labial nasal. with black, found in
—As a numeral M=
1,000. {Print.) quadrat, the A the European and N.
face or top of which is a square, as formerly the letter Amer. seas.
Malso was it is
: tlie unit of measuring the amount Mackintosh,' m ak' i n -

of type in any work: this page in length is equal to tosh, 71. A water-proof
91 lines of pearl, in breadth .58 it would therefore ; outer garment.
=
measure 58 X 91 5,278 m's. [Written also em.] Macrocosm, mak^'ro- Mackerel,
—
Ma, ma, ?i. Mother, an abbr. of mamma, a child's kozm, H. The great world; universe, opposed to —
title for mother. —
Ma'am, miim, n. Madam,— a microcosm, or the little world constituted by man.
coUoq. eontracticm^of madam. Macrom''eter,-krom''-
Macadamize, mak-ad'am-Iz, v. t. T-ized (-izd), -iz- e-ter,*^;*. An instru-
IXG.] To cover (a road) with small, broken stones, ment for measuring
so as to form a smooth, hard surface. inaccessible objects
Macaroni, mak-a-ro'nt, n. An article of food com- by means of 2 reflect-
posed of paste, chiefly of wheat flour, made into ors on a common sex-
•
long, slender tubes; a medley; something extrava- tant. — Mac'ropod , n.
gant, to please an idle fancy; a sort of dr^ll or fool; (Zool.) A short-tailed,
a fop; beau; exquisite. —
Macaroon'', -roon', ?i. A decapodous cr u sta-
Macropoa.
small cake, composed chiefly of almonds and sugar. cean, having very
Macaw, ma-kaw', n. A
lar^e bird of the parrot fam- long feet; the sea-spider; spider-crab.
ily, of several species, all having Mad, mad, o. [maduek, -dest.] Disordered in intel-
beautiful plumage and long tails, -•- . lect distracted; crazy; insane; beside one's self;
;

native of tropical America. showing uncontrolled or unreasonable feeling or ac-

Maccabees, mak''ka-bez, n. jil. Two tion, asfrom levity, willfulness, fear, pain, appetite,
books of the Apocrypha, which re- rage, etc.; esp., excited with violent or unreasonable
cord Jewish affairs in the time of desire or appetite, or with wrath; enraged; angry;
the Maccabean princes. proceeding from, or indicating, madness or fury. —
Maccaboy, mak-'ka-boi, -coboy, n. v.t. [iiAODED, -DixG.] To madden. Mad'den, -dn, —
Rose-flavored snuff. V. t. [-DEXED (-dnd), -DEXiNG.] To make mad, furi-
Mace, mas, n. A heavy metal club, ous, or angry, drive to madness, craze, enrage. v. i. —
anciently used as a weapon; a staff To become mad, act as if mad.
borne by, or before, a magistrate Madam, mad''am, Madame, ma-diim'', n.; pi. Mes-
as an ensign of authority a scepter; ;
Macaw.
DAJiES, ma-dam'. lady, My
a complimentary —
a rod used in billiards; a knobbed form of address to a ladj', esp. an elderlv or a mar-
mallet used by curriers. —
Ma''cer, 7i. mace A ried lady. —
Madon'na, ma-don'na, n. Madam; my
bearer;_a court officer. lady; a picture of the Virgin Mary, to whom the title
—
Mace, inas, ti. A spice, the 2d coat or aril which cov- Our Lachi is given in the Rom. Cath. Church. —
ers the nutmeg, —
extremely fragrant and aromatic. Mademoiselle, mad'mwij-zel'', n. ; "pl. Mesdejioi-
Macerate, mas^er-at, v. t. To soften and separate the SELLES, mad'mwb-zel'. Miss; young woman; girl,
parts of by steeping, as in a fluid, or by the digestive — used esp. in address.
process. Madder, mad''der, n. A plant cultivated in Europe
Macliiaveli?^n, raak-'t-a-veKyan, a. Pert, to Machia^ and the Levant, from whose root are made pigments
vel, an Italian writer, or to his supposed principles; for dyeing several shades of red, j'ello\/, and purple.
politically cunning; using duplicity; craft}'. Madeira, ma-de''ra or -da'ra, n. A rich wine made on
Machicolation, mach'T-ko-la''shun, n. An opening be- tlie Isle of Madeira.
tween the corbels supporting Madrepore, mad're-por, n. A reef-building polyp, or
a projecting parapet, in the the white, stony, tree-
floor of a gallery, or in the shaped coral formed by ag- >"-
roof of a portal,'for pourin" gregation of its cells.
hot Liquids, etc., upon assail- Madrigal, mad'rt-gal, n. A
ants approaching the walls; little amorous poem, or
act of pouring or hurling mis- .pastoral jjoem, containing
siles, etc., upon assailants some tender and delicate,
"%
through sue h apertures a Machicolation.
; though simple t h o u g li t.
parapet resting on corbels. (3Iuslc.) An elaborate vocal
Machine, ma-shen', n. Any body or assemblage of conrposition in 5_or G parts.
bodies used to transmit and mtklify force and mo- Magazine, mag'a-zen', n. A L
tion; esp., a construction in wliich the several parts warehouse or storehouse ;

unite to produce given results; any instrument or esp. a storehouse for mili-
organization by which power is applied and made tary stores: building or
effective, or a desired effect produced; a person who room in which powder is Madrepore.
acts mechanically or at the will of another; su_pernat- k e p t in a fortification or
ural agency in a poem. —
MacMn'^ery, -shen'er-T, ship: cartridge chamber of a repeating rifle; a pam-
n. Machines collectively; the working parts of a phlet jieriodically published, containing miscellane-
machine, arran.":ed to apply and regulate force ous compositions. ;

means by which anything is kept in action esp. Magdalen, mag'da-len, n. A reformed prostitute.
; ,

supernatural means by which the action of a ficti- Magenta, ma-jen''ta, n. A red or crimson dye or color
tious work is carried on and brought to a catastro- derived from aniline.
phe. —
MacMn'ist, n. A constructor of machinery. Maggot, mag'got, n. The larval form of a fly; a grub;
—
Mach^inal, mak't-nal, a. Pert, to machines.— worm.— Mag'^goty, -got-1, a. Full of or infested with
Mach'inate, v. f. To plan; to form, as a plot or a maggots; full of whims; capricious.
scheme. —
Machina'tion, n. Act of contriving a Magi^ ma^ji, n. Priests of the Persians; wise men of
scheme for executing some purpose, esp. an evil the East. Mag'ic, maj^ik, >i. The pretended art, —
one; a hostile ortreacherous scheme formed with de- science, or practice of working wonders by aid of
liberation and cunning.— Mach'ina'tor,?i. One who supernatural beings, departed spirits, or occult pow-
plots with evil designs. ers of nature sorcery witchcraft necromancy; ; ; ;

sfin, cube, full ; moon, fdt)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. tiien, bo2s'boN, chair, get.
i
 MAG-iSTERIAL 236 MAIZE
conjuration; enchantment. Mag'ic, -ical, a. Re- Maguey, ma-gwa', n. A Mexican aloe, used for paper^
lating to, performed b\', or proceeding from, etc.; clothing, cordage, etc.
hence, imposing or startling in performance. 31ag- Mahogany, ma-hog-'a-nt, n. A large tree, of tropical
ic circle. A series of concentric circles containing Amer.; the wood of the tree, of a reddish brown
the numbers 12 to 75 in eight radii, and having sim- color, very hard, and susceptible of a fine polish; a
ilar properties to the magic square. — M. lanteni. dining table.
An optical instrument consisting of a case contain- Mahomedan, Mahometan. See MoHAiiMEDAX.
ing a lamp, whose light, passing through lenses, ex- Mahout, ma-hoot', n. In India, a man in charge of an,
hibits on a screen the magnified image of objects elephant; elephant-driver.
placed in the focus of the outer lens. M. square. — Maid, mad, n. An unmarried woman; virgin; maiden;
A series of numbers in a regular progres- a female servant. Maid'en, mad'n.w. A maid; an
sion, so disposed in parallel and equal 2 7 6 instrument resembling the guillotine, formerly used
rows, in the form of a square, that each in Scotland for beheading criminals; a machine for
row, taken vertically, horizontally, or di- 9 5 1 washing — a. Pert, to a young unmarried
linen.
agonally, shall give the same sum, same woman consisting of virgins; fresh; new;
or virgin
product, or a harmonical series, accord- 4 3 8 pure ;
— Maid'enhead, n. Virginity
unused.
;

the ;

ing as the series taken is in an arithmeti- , , ^. hymen or virginal membrane; that which a woman
cal, geometrical, or harmonical progres-
-^iagic loses when first she has sexual intercourse. — Maid'-
sion. — Mag'ically, adv. Magfcian, square,— enhood, n. State of being a maid or virgin; virginity;
-jish'an, n. One skilled in magic; an enchanter; sor- newness; freshness; uncontaminated state; state be-
cerer or sorceress. fore marriage; girlhood. —
Maid'enly, a. Becoming
Magisterial, maj-is-te^'rY-al, a. Pert, or appropriate to a maid; gentle; modest; reserved. Maid'en-hair, w. —
a master or magistrate; authoritative; commanding; A
name for several delicate and graceful species of
imperious ;_haughty; despotic; dogmatical. Mag''- —
fern, all of which are used in medicine.
istrate, -trat, n. A
person clothed with power as a Maihem._ See Maim.
public civH of&cer, executive or judicial. —
Mag''is- Mail, mal, n. Defensive armor com-
tral, a. Suiting a magistrate; authoritative. {Phar- posed of steel scales, rings, or plate:;;
rnacu.) Prescribed for the occasion, said of med- —
any defensive covering. {J^aut.)
icines, disting. fr. such as are officinal, or directed An apparatus composed of rings in-
bj' the pharmacopcfiia. —
Mag''istracy, -tra-sT, n. terwoven, for rubbing off loose hemp
Office or dignity of a magistrate; the body of magis- on lines and white cordage. v. t. —
trates. — Mag'^na Char'ta, kar'ta, n. The great To put a coat of mail or armor upon.
charter obtained by the Eng. barons from King John, Mail, mal, n. A bag for the convey-
A. D. 1215 a fundamental constitution which guar- ance of letters and papers coii-
—
; ;

anties rights and privileges. Mag'nanim'ity, -I-tt, tents of such a bag, etc.; the person
n. Quality of being magnanimous greatness of or conveyance carrving the mail. „ ^'^^r
mind; elevation or dignity of soul; generosity.— Mag-
;

—
v.t. [MAILED (maid), MAiLiXG.] «-oat o± iMail.
i

nan'imous, -T-mus, a. Great of mind; raised above To put in the post-office for transmission by the
what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty spirit mail to post. Mail'' able, a. Usually admitted,
;
—
exhibiting nobleness of soul Liberal and honorable. ; or proper to be admitted, into the mail.
— Mag'nate, -nat, n. A
noble or grandee; a person of Maim, mam, v. t. [maimed (manid), maimixg.] To
distinction. —
Mag'nify, -nY-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), deprive of the use of a limb, or of a necessary part;
-FYiXG.] To make great or greater ; to increase the to mutilate, mangle, disable. Maim, in law lan- —
power or glory of, sound the praises of; to enlarge, guage Mai'hem, May'hem, mayhem, n. Privation
amplify, augment, exaggerate. v.i. To increase of the use of a limb or member of the body, or of
the apparent dimensions of objects. Mag'nifi'er, n. —
any necessary part mutilation injury. ; ;

One who. Or that which, magnities; an optical in- Main, man, w. Strength; force; violent effort.
strument, which increases the apparent magnitude Main, man, a. Mighty; powerful vast first in size»
—
; ;

of bodies. Magnificent, -t-sent, a. On a grand rank, importance, etc.; principal chief capital. ; ;

scale; imposing with splendor; grand in appearance; n. The chief or principal part esp,, the great sea, ;

exhibiting grandeur pompous gorgeous grand disting. from an arm, bay, etc. the ocean the con-
brilliant. —Mag''nitude, -nl-tud, 7i.
;

Extent of di-
; ;

tinent, disting. from an island

;

mainland a prin-
;

;
;

mensions or parts; bulk; size. (Geom.) That which cipal duct or pipe, disting. from lesser ones esp., a ;

has one or more of the 3 dimensions, length, breadth, principal pipe leading from a re-^ervoir. Main'ly, — —
and thickness; anything of which greater or less can atlv. Chiefly principally greatly mightily. ; ; ;

be predicated; greatness; grandeur; importance. Main'^mast, K. The principal mast in a vessel. See
Maguesia, mag-ne'zhT-a or-zha, n. (Chem.) Oxide of Ship. —
Main'sail, 7i. The principal sail. See Sail.
magnesium, a white, almost insoluble, alkaline earth, —
Main'spring, n. The principal spring in a piece
used as an absorbent and antacid. Magne''sium, —
of mechanism esp. the moving spring of a watch
-zht-um, )i. (Chem.) The undecomposable metallic or clock the chief or most powerful motive. ;
;

—
base of magnesia. Magnesium light. A brilliant Main'top, n. Tlie platform at the top of the main-
light produced bj^ burning metallic magnesium, ^- mast of a ship, brig, etc. Main'yard, n. The yard —
used in photographic processes. Mag'^net, n. The — on which the mainsail is extended, supported by the
loadstone; a species of iron ore, which attracts iron mainmast. Main'-deck, «. (JSraiit.) The deck next —
and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended,
points to the magnetic poles; a bar of iron to which
the properties of the loadstone have been imparted.
below the spar-deck in frigates a?ia seventj'-fours..
See Ship. land, n. The continent, the principal
land, opp. to island. —
sheet, a. (Xaut.) The sheet
—
— Magnefic, -ical, o. Pert, to, or having the prop- that extends and fastens the mainsail. -stay, n. —
erties of, the magnet pert, to the earth's magnet-
; The stay extending from the foot of the foremast to
ism; attractive. Mag''netism, -izm, n. The force the maintop; main support; principal dependence.
in nature which gives rise to the phenomena of at- Mainpernor, man^per-ner, n. {Laiv.) surety for a A
traction, polarity, etc., exhibited by the loadstone prisoner's appearance in_court at a day. Maintain'^,
and other magnetic bodies; science of magnetic phe- -tan'', V. t. [-TAINED (-tand'), -taixixg.] To hold
nomena power of attraction. Mag'netize, v. t.
;
— or keep in any particular condition; to keep up, sus-
[-IZED (-izd), -iziNG.] To communicate magnetic tain; to keep possession of, hold and defend to ;

properties to to attract as if bj" a magnet; to move, continue to bear the expense of, supply with what
influence
;

to mesmerize.
; v. i. —
To acquire mag- is needed; to support by assertion or argument.
;

v. —
netic properties, become magnetic. i. To affirm a position, assert. - Main'tenance, -te-
Magnificent, Magnify, etc. See under Magisterial. nans, 72. Act of maintaining; sustenance; support;
Magnolia, mag-no''Ii-a, n. A tree of several species defense; vindication; that v/hich maintains or siip-
having large fragrant flowers. ports; means of sustenance. (Crim. Law.) An offi-
Magpie, mag'pi, n. A
long-tailed, crafty bird, allied cious intermeddling in a cause depending between
to the crow, having black plumage above, glossed others.
with green and purple, and snowy white below: it is Maize, maz, n. Indian corn, a large species of Amer.
noisy and mischievous, and may be taught to speak. grass, cultivated as a forage and food plant; its seed.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 , — — —

MAJESTY 237 MAN

rowing on cobs and used as without apparent cause, or in revenge; deliberate in-
food for men and animals. — tention to do mischief to another unprovoked ma-
Maize'na, ma-ze'na, n. A trade lignity or spite ; rancor. Mali'^cious, -lish''us, a.— ;

name for fine farina, meal or Indulging or exercising malice proceeding from
prepared from maize, for pud- hatred or malice ; miscnievous ;
;

bitter. — Malign',
dings, etc. -lin'', a. Having a very
evil disposition toward oth-
Majesty, maj'es-tl. n. Grandeur; ers; malignant; pernicious; tending to injure. v. t. —
exalted disrnity; imposing lofti- [iiALiGNED (-lind'), -LiGXiXG.] To speak great evil
ness; the title of a king or queen, of, traduce, vilify. —
Malig'' nancy, -lig-'nan-sT', n.
— in this sense taking a pi. — Quality of being malignant; malice. (Med.) Viru-
— IVIajes'tic, Possessing ora. lence; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue.
exhibiting majesty of august ; Malig''nant, a. Disposed to do harm, inflict suffer-
dignity, or imposing grandeur ; ing, or cause distress; exerting pernicious influence;
splendid magnificent imperi- heinous. (Med.) Tending to produce death viru-
;

—
; ;

al; regal; royal; state I j'; lofty. lent incurable.

; Malprac'tice. -tis, re. Evil prac-
Major, ma'jgr, a. Greater in tice ; illegal or immoral conduct esp. professional ;

number, quantity, or extent; of misconduct of a physician. Maltreat', v. t. To —

t greater dignity more impor- treat ill, abuse.— Maltreat'ment, 71. Ill usage; abuse.
tant. — n.
(JUL) An officer next
;

— Mal'Tjersa'tion, 7i. Evil conduct; corruption or

in rank above a captain and Maize. extortion in office.
below a lieutenant-colonel. Malaga.maKa-^a, n. A wine from Malaga, in Spain.
{Civil Laiv.) A person of full age (Logic.) That Male, mal, a. Pert, to the sex that begets or procre-
premise which contains the major term. Major''- — ates youug,disting. fr. the female; masculine. (Bot.)
ity, -jSr'I-tT, ?i. Quality or condition of being great- Having fecundating organs, but not fruit-bearing;
er; esp. the military rank of a major; condition of staminate. — An animal of the male sex; a he.
7i.

being of age, to manage one's own concerns the (Bot.) A plant which bears only staminate flowers.
greater number more than half ; the number by ;
;

— MaPlard, The common green-head or migra-

7i.

which one aggregate (as of votes) exceeds all op- tory wild duck of Europe and the Western U. S.,
posed to it. —
Ma''jor-do''mo, n. steward a chief A the progenitor of the tame mallard the common
minister. —
Ma'jor-gen'eral, n. (31il.) An officer
;

domestic duck.
;

next in rank below a lieutenant general. Malediction, Malice, etc. See under Maladminis-
Make, mak, v. t. [made (mad), making.] To cause TEATIOX.
to exist produce, frame, create to produce (some-
; ; Mail, mawl, A large wooden beetle; a maul. — v.
71. t.
thing artificial or false) to bring about, effect, do,
; [malled (mawld), mallixg.J To beat with a mall;
execute, etc. to gain, as the result of one's efforts to maul.— Mall, mal, «. A level, shaded public walk.
;
;

to suffer to find, as the result of computation to

;

— Mal'leate, maKle-at, v. t. To hammer; to draw

—
;

pass over the distance of, travel ovei; to put in a de- into a plate or leaf by beating. Mal'leable, a. Ca-
sired or desirable condition to cause to be or be- ; pable of being shaped, drawn out, or extended by
come, constitute; to cause to appear to be; to esteem, heaXin^.^ Medicable iron. Iron so nearlvfreed from
represent; to require, compel, force to compose, as carbon, etc., that it may be wrought with a hammer.
parts, ingredients, or materials to form to serve ;
;

;
— MaKlet, A wooden hammer, used esp. for driv-
?i.

or answer as; to reach, or arrive at to come near, so ing a chisel.

as to have within sight. v. i. To tend, proceed,— ;

Mallow, maKlo, -lows, -loz, A plant of the genus 7i.

move to contribute, have effect to increase, aug- ; Malta, — so called from its emollient qualities.
—
;

ment, accrue. n. Structure texture constitu- ; ; Malmsey, mam'zT, n. A sort of grape; also, a kind of
tion of parts. — Mak'er, n. One who makes, forms, strong and sweet wine.
or molds; a manufacturer; the Creator. (Law.) One Malpractice, Maltreat, etc. See under Maladmixis- -
who signs or makes a promissory note. Make'-be- — tratiox.
lieve', n. A mere pretense. shift, 7i. That with
which one makes shift; a temporary expedient.
— Malt, mawlt, ?i. Barley, or other grain, in which the
starch has been changed to saccharine matter by
-up, 71. The whole,— disting. from the parts com- forced germination, and the sprouting checked by
posing it; general composition or structure; get-up; drying m
a kiln: it is used in brewing.
— v. t. To
among actors, artificial preparation of the face, etc., make into malt. v. i. To become malt.
for the stage. {Pnnt.) Arranging of type into pages, Mamma, mam-ma', re. Mother, a word of tender- —
with proper head-lines, etc.
which is thrown into a scale to make weight.
—
weight, -wat, n. That ness and familiarity, used chieflv by children.
Mamma, mam'ma, re. pi. -m.*;. 'Phe breast; the pro-
,•

Malachite, mal'a-kTt, w. {Min.) Green carbonate of tuberant organ or gland in the female which secretes
copper, found in Siberia, Cornwall, etc. milk. —
Mam'mal, re. (Zobl.) An animal of the
Malacology, mal-a-kol'o-jt, n. Science of the structure highest class of vertebrates, the female of which
and habits of mollusks or soft-bodied animals. suckles her j'oung. —
Mamma'lia, -iT-a, re. pi. A
Maladministration, mal'ad-min''is-tra''shun n. Faulty class of animals, comprehending the mammals.
administration; bad management of public officers Mammon, mam'mun, ?i. Riches; wealth; also, the sod
—
or official duties. Maladroit'', -a-droit'', a. Clumsy; of riches.
awkward; unskillful. MaKady, -a-dT, n. Sickness— Mamniotli,mam'muth, n. A huge extinct elephant,
or disease; esp., a lingering or deep-seated disorder; of which the remains of several species have been
a moral or mental disorder; illness.— Malap'ropos'', found in northern regions. — a. Resembling the
-ap'ro-po'', «(/(•. Unseasonabl}'; unsuitably.— Mala''- mammoth in size; gigantic.
ria, ma-la''rt-a, n. An unhealthy exhalation from Man, man, 2^1- Mex, men.
re. ; An individual of the
wet land, etc., producing fever, ague, etc., in certain human human being; esp., an adult male
race; a
districts. —
Mala'rious, -rT-us, a. Pert, to, or in- person; the human race; mankind; sometimes, the
fected by, malaria. —
MaKcontent', n. One discon- male part of the race, as disting. fr. the female; one
tented; esp., a discontented subject of government. of manly strengtli or virtue; a'male servant; a mar-
— MaKcontisnt', MaFcontent'ed, a. Discontented; ried man; husband; a piece with which a game, as
dissatisiied with the — MaPedic'tion, n.
government. chess or draughts, is played. v. t. [MAXXED(mand), —
Denunciation of evil; declaration of a wish of evil; -X'^IXG.] To supply with -men to furnish with
curse; imprecation; execration. — MaKefac'tor, -ter,
;

strength for action, fortify.— Man'ly, a. [-liee, -li-

n. One who
commits a crime; evil-doer; felon; con- EST.] Having qualities becoming a man; firm; brave;
vict. —
Malefac'tion, n. A crime.— Malef''icence, -T- noble. —
adv. With courage like a man. Man'U- —
sens.w. Evil-doing. {Moral Philoe.) The doing ill ness, re. —
Mankind', -kind', re. The human race;
to others, —
opp. to beneficence. Malev'olent, a. — man; men as disting. fr. women. — Man'ful, -ful, a.
Wishing evil; ill-disposed, or disposed to injure oth- Showing manly spirit; bold. — Man 'hood, -hdtjd, re.
ers; envious; spiteful; malicious; malignant. Ma- — State of being, or qualities characteristic of or becom-
lev-'olence, -o-lens, n.— MaPforma'tion, n. Irregular ing, a man.— Man'nish,.a. Having the appearance of
or anomalous formation or structure of parts.— MaK- a man; masculine.— Man'slaughter, -slaw-ter, re. The
ice, -is, n. A
disposition to injure others unjustly, slaying of a human being; murder. (Laiv.) "The un-

sfin, cube, full ; moon, idbt ; cow, oil ; linger or iok, tiien, boxboN. chair, get.
 MANAOLE 238 MANIOC
lawful killing of a man without malice. Man'^ikin, — Manganese, man'ga-nez'', n.
-I-kin, n. Alittleman; dwarf; an anatomical model of (Clieia.) A metal of a dusky
the human body, with detachable pieces to show the white or whitish-gray color, very
parts and organs. — Man'- hard and difficult to fuse. The
hole, n. A
hole through black oxide of the metal.
which a man may enter a Mange, manj, n. The scab or itch
drain, boiler, etc., to clean in cattle, dogs, etc. Man'gy, —
or repair it.
A
—
mid'wife, n.
man who practices ob-
-jt, a. [-GIER, -GiEST.] Infected
with, etc. scabby. Man'gi- —
i

stetrics. — trap, n. An ap-

pliance for catching tres-
ness, n.
;
'

Mangel-wurzel, man''gl-wer'zl, n.
Manhole, closed by bridge
A large kind of field beet used
a^acle,' man'a-kl, n. An for feeding cattle.
instrument of iron for ^^"^ "*^^'- Manger, man''jer, n. fixed re- A
fastening the hands handcuff; shackle. v. t.;
— ceptacle to hold food for horses
[MAXACLED (-kid), -CLING.] To put fastenings upon or cattle, in a barn or stable.
the hands; to shackle. (Naut.) A
space at the fore-end
Manage, man''ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] To of the deck, bounded by the
have under control and direction to guide by care-
; manger hoard, to prevent water Mangel-wurzel
ful treatment; to bring around cunningly to one's which enters the hawse-holes fr6m running over the
plans; to train, as a horse; to exercise in graceful or deck.
artful action; to direct, control, contrive, conduct, Mangle, man-'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To cut
transact. —v. i. To direct or conduct affairs. Man'- — bungiingly, as flesh; to hack, lacerate, mutilate; to
ageable, a. Capable of being managed; admitting curtail, take by piecemeal.
or suffering management; easily made subservient Mangle, man''gl, n. A
machine for smoothing damp
to one's designs; tractable; tama'ble; docile. Man''- — cloth or clothes by. roller pressure. v. t. To smooth —
ageableness, n. —
Man'agement, n. Act of man- (linen) with a mangle. —
Man'gonel, n. An engine
aging; manner of treating, directing, etc.; cunning formerly used for throwing stones and battering
practice; conduct directed by art or address; board walls.
of managers; administration; direction. Man'^ager, — Mango, man''go,
n. One who, etc.; a director; one who conducts busi- n. An Asiatic
ness with economy and frugality; a good economist. tree of many
— Manege', ma-nazh'', n. The art of horsemanship, species, culti-
or of training horses; a riding school. vated in the
MancMneel, manch-t-neK, n. A lofty W. India tree, trollies; its lus-
having a milky poisonous sap, but furnishing wood cious acid
valued for cabinet making. fruit; a green
Mandamus. See under Mandate. musk-melon
Mandarin, man-da-ren'', n. A Chinese nobleman; a pickled.
civil or military official in China the colloquial ; Mangos tan,
language of China; a variety of orange, orig. from man''g o-s t a n,
China. -steen, -sten, n.
Mandate, man'dat, ?z. An official or authoritative A tree of the
command; an order; precept; injunction; commis- E. Indies ; its
sion. {Canon Law.) A rescript of the pope, requir- delicious and
ing a person therein named to be put in possession wholesome
of a vacant benefice. —
Man'^datory, -da-to-rt, a. fruit, about the
Containing a command. —
Man'datary, -ta-rt, 71. size of a small
One to whom a charge is given; esp., one to whom orange.
the pope has given a mandate for his benefice. Mangrove, man''- ^ ^n
(Law.) One who undertakes, without a recompense, grov,M. AtFee Mango Tree,
to do some act for another in respect to a thing bailed of the muddy shores and deltas of the tropics, whose
to him. —
Manda-'mus, n. (Law.) A writ issued by branches take root and form new trunks and whose
a superior court to some inferior tribunal, corpora- seeds germinate while attached to the tree, forming
tion, or person exercising public authority, com- dense forests extending into the water.
manding the performance of some specified duty. Mangy. See under Mange.
Mandible, man'dl-bl, n. The jaw (upper or lower) of Manhaden. See Menhaden.
a bird, —
also applied to designate the lower jaw of a Manhood. See tinder Man.
mammal, and the anterior or upper pair of jaws in Mania, ma'nT-a, n. Violent derangement of mind;
some invertebrate_s. uncontrollable desire; insane passion; madness; de-
Mandrake, man'drak, n. A low-growing Oriental nar- lirium; frenzy. —
Ma'^niac, -nTC-ak, a. Raving with
cotic plant, with a large fleshy root, often forked. disordered intellect; mad. n. One raving; a mad-
Mandrel, man'drel, n. (Mach.) A bar of metal on man.
which work to be turned is Manifest, man''T-fest, a. Clearly visible to the eye ;

fixed or to which a tool is obvious to the understanding ajjparent evident

attached, as in a lathe; the conspicuous; plain. n. — A
;

list or invoice of a ship's

;

spindle carrying the center- cargo, to be exhibited at the custom-house. v. t. —

chuck of a lathe, and com- To disclose to the eye or to the understanding to ;

municating motion to the show plainly; to exhibit the manifests of, at the cus-
work, and usually driven by tom-house. —
Man^ifesta'tion, ?i. Act of, etc.; dis-
a pulley; an arbor. play revelation.
;
—
Man'ifestly, achi. Manifes'^to, —
Mane, man, n. The long hair ,, •,
n. ; pi. -toes, -toz. A public declaration, usually 01
on the neck of some quadru- Manarei. ,
a sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclainiing
peds, as the horse, lion, etc. See Horse. his opinions and motives in reference to some act
Manege. See_under Manage. done or contemplated by him.
Manes, ma-'nez, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) The benevolent Manifold, man-'l-fold, a. Various in kind or quality;
infernal deities; deified shades of tne departed. many numerous exhibited at divers times or in
Maneuver, -nceuvre, ma-noo''ver, n. Management ;
;

various ways. v. t. — ;

To double or fold in many

dexterous movement; esp., an evolution, or change complications or thicknesses; to take many copies of
of position among
military or naval bodies; adroit by a mechanical process.
proceeding intrigue
; stratagem. — r. i. [maneu-
; Manikin. See under Man.
vered or -NfEtJVRED (-verd), -neuvering or -nceu- Manila, Manilla, ma-niKa, a. Of nr pert, to Mamla,
vring.] To make an evolution; to manage with art. the capital of the Philippine islands. n. A kind —
— V. t. To change the positions of (troops, ships, etc.). of cheroot or cigar made at, etc.
Manful, etc. See under Man. Manioc, ma'nT-ok, n. A poisonous tropical shrub

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgnn : In. Ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 — ; — ——

MANIPLE 239 MARGE

from whose fleshy tubers cassava and tjipioca arc where anything is manufactured; a factory.— Man'-
prepared; cassava. umit', r.'t. To release from slavery; to 'free, as a
Mami>le, man'T-pl, n. A handful a small band of ; slave. —
Man'mnis'sion, -mish^un, n. Act of, etc. —
soldiers, a company a kind of scarf about the left
; Manure', v. t. [-nuked (-nurd'), -nuki.ng.] To en-
arm of a Rom. Catn. priest.— Mauip'^nlate, -u-lat, v. rich (land) by the appUca'tion of a fertilizing sub-
t. To treat, work, or operate with the hands; to han- stance. —
n. Any matter which makes land produc-
dle skillfully to re-arrange for a purpose, tamper
; tive a fertilizing substance. Man'tiscript, -u-
;
—
with. V. i. To use the hands, esp. in scientific ex- skript, a. Written with the hand: not printed. n. —
periments, artistic and mechanical processes, etc. —
A book or paper written with the hand.
liIanip'ula''tioii, n. Act of, etc.— Manip'^ula'tor, -ter, Manx, nianks, a. Of, or pert, to, the Isle of Man.
11. One who practices mauiijulation. Many, men't, a. [more (mor); most (most); from a
Mankind, Manly, etc. See under Max. different root.] Comprising, or consisting of, a great
Manna, man'iia, n. (Scitpt.) substance miracu- A number of individuals; numerous; manifold; vari-
lously furnished as food for the Israelites in the ous; sundry. n. A number: multitude; crowd, —
wilderness; divinely supplied food. (Jled.) sweet- A
chiefly in the phrases « great niamj, a good many.
ish secretion from many trees, as the manna ash, Map, niap, n. A
representation of the earth's surface
European larch, etc. or of part of it on a plane; a chart. v. t. [mapped —
Manner, man'ner, 7i. Mode of action; way of effecting (mapt), -piNG.J To delineate (the figure of any por-
anything; characteristic mode of acting, conducting, tion of land), „o describe well; to plan, mark out.
etc.; habitual style; esp. style of writing or thought Maple, rtfa'pl, n. tree of the genus Acer, of several A
in an author a certain degree or measure
; sort species, with hard wood and sweet sap.
;

kind; style; 2>i- carriage; behavior; decent and re- Mar, mar, v.*. [MARRED(mard),-RiNG.] To injure, esp.
spectful' deportment; customary method of acting. by cutting off a part, or by wounding and making
— Man'^nerism, -izm, n. Adherence to a peculiar defective to damage, harm, spoil to impair the
;

—
;

style or manner a characteristic mode of action,

; good looks of, disfigure. n. mark made by A
bearing, or treatment, carried to excess. Man'^ner- Bruising, — scratching, etc.; an injury. Mar'plot, n. —
ist, n. One addicted to mannerism. Man^nerly, —
One who frustrates a plan by officious interference.
-II, a. Showing good manners; civil; not rude or Maranatha, mar-a-nath'.-i or -ua'tha, n. The Lord
vulgar. comes, or has come, a word used in anathemas. —
Manoeuvre. See Maneuver. Maraschino, mar-as-ke'no, n. delicate spirit dis- A
Manor, man'er, n. {Eng. Law.) District over which tilled from cherries.
a lord has feudal authority, —
the tenants holding Marasmus, ma-raz'mus, n. {Med.) A wasting of flesh
by copyhold; lordship; barony; house and land re- without fever or apparent disease atrophy con- ; ;

served by a person of rank for his own use. (Amer. sumption; phthisis.
Laiv.) A tract of land occupied by fee-farm tenants. Maraud, ma-rawd', v. i. To rove in quest of plun-
— Mano'rial, -rl-al, a. Pert, to a manor. Manse, —
der; to plunder.
mans, n. Ahouse or habitation; esp. a parsonage- Marble, mar'bl, n. Calcareous stone or mineral, of
house a farm.
;
—
Man'sion, -shun, n. house A
compact texture and beautiful appearance, suscepti-
;

abode; esp. one of some size or pretension; house of ble of high polish; a thing made of, or like, marble,
the lord of a manor. _ as, a work of art, in marble —
a little ball used as a
A
;

Mansard-roof, man''sard-roof, n. {Arch.') roof with plaything by children; or, 2^1. a collection of antique
2 sets of rafters on each side, the lower nearly verti- works of art in marble. v. t. [marbled (-bid),
cal, the upper much inclined, giving much space -BEING.] To stain or vein like marble; to variegate
for chambers; French-roof; hip-roof; curb-roof. in color.
Mantel, man''tl, n. {Arch.) The ornamental work March, march, n. The 3d month of the year.
over a fire-place in front of the chimney, esp. a shelf March, march, v. i. [marched (marcht), marching.]
—
above the tire-place. Man'tel-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. To move with a regular step and in order, as sol-
—
Same as Maxtel. Man'tle, -tl, n. loose garment A
diers; to walk in a deliberate or stately manner.
worn over other garments a cloak; a covering or ; V. t. To cause to move in military a'rray or in a
concealing envelope. {Zo'ol.) The outer soft mem- body, as troops; to cause to go by peremptory com-
brane of tTie body of amoUusk; any free outer mem-
brane. {Arch.) A mantel. —
v. t. [jia::jtled (-tld),
mand or by force. n. Military ^progress; aavance
of troops; measured and regular advance like that
—
-TLIXG.J To cover or envelop, as with a mantle; to of soldiers; a piece of music, designed to guide the
cloak, hide, disguise. v. i. —To rise and spread, ex- movement of troops; distance passed over between
pand, be spread out, esp. in a graceful manner; to halting-places or in one day.
revel in pleasure: to become covered, as a liquid, on March, march, n. A frontier of a territory ; border
the surface.— Man'tle-piece, -shelf, -tree, n. man- confine, A
used chiefly in pi. — ;

tel.— Man'^tna, -tu-a or -tu, n. A

wonian's gown or Marchioness. See under Mark.
dress. — Man'tna-mak'er, man'tu-mak'er, n. Marconi system, mar-ko^nT-. A system of wireless A
dressmaker; one who makes women's clothes. telegraphy developed by G. Marconi, in which elec-
Mantis, man'tis, n. A
pugnacious, voracious, insec- trical waves are used intransmission and a coherer
tivorous, is used as the receiving instrument. Marco'iii- —
ort hop- gram, n. message sent by Marconi tele- A
t e ro u s graph.
insect, of Mardi-Gras, mar-de-gra', n. The festival
8 e V e ral preceding Ash-Wednesday, the first day
species, of Lent; Shrove-Tuesday.
of s 1 e n- Mare, m^r, n. The female of the horse, or
der, gro- .equine genus of quadrupeds. Mare's- —
te s que ni.'st. A fancied discovery of something
form. absurdly ridiculous, or of some evil, scan-
Manual, " IMantis. dal, or cause of anxiety, which proves to
m a n'u - be baseless; a hoax. —Mare's-tail. long A
al, a. Pert, to, or performed by, the hand; used or streaky cloud, spreading like a horse's
made by hand. n. — A
small book, such as may be tail, and indicating rain/ {Bat.) An
conveniently handled; a compendium; a hand-book; aquatic plant, having siUcious, jointed
esp. the service-book of the Rom. Cath. church. stems; horse-tail.
i2bi!t.) The key-board of an organ or harmonium. Mareschal, mar'shal, ?i. Same as Mar-
— Man'ufact''ure, -fak'chur, n. The operation of shal.
making (wares) by tlie liands, by art, or machinery; Marge, marj, Mar'gent, mar'jent, n.
— A
anything made from raw materials. v. t. [manu- margin. Mar'gin, n. border; edge; — A
factured (-churd), -TURING.] To make from raw brink; verge; the part of a page at the
materials, by the hand, by art, or machinery to edge left uncovered in writing' or print- Common
;

work (materials) into forms for use. Man'tifact''-

—
—
ing. {Com.) Difference between the price Mare's-taii.
tirer, n. Manufac'tory, -to-rT, n. A house or place of purchase and sale of an article, which (JSof.)

siiii, c&be, fijIL ; moon, f«56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, t±ien, boif boN, chair, get.
 MARGRAVE 240 MARTELLO TOWER
leaves room for profitdifference betwoen the out-
; line-spike, n. An iron tool, tapering to a point, to
lay, expense, number, or amount of anything as es- separate strands of a_rope, in splicing.
timated, and that which is actually required or in- Marmalade, raar^ma-lad, n. A pasty ur jelly-like pre-
curred. (Stock Exchange.) :Money whicn one specu- serve made of the pulp of fruit, boiled with sugar.
lating in stocks deposits with his broker, to secure Marmoreal, maT-mo''re-al, -rean, a. Pert, to, or like,
him against loss.— r. t. [margined (-jind),-GixixG.] made of, or having the qualities of, marble.
To furnish with a margin; to border; to enter in the Marmoset, mar''mo-zet', n. A small, agile, wary S.
—
margin of a page. Mar'ginal, a. Pert, to, written Amer. monkey, having soft fur, sharp, hooked nails,
or printed in, etc.— Mar'ginate, -jT-nat, -gina'ted, a. and a long, tliick, hairy, non-prehensile tail.
Having a margin. Marmot, mar'^mot, n. A burrowing and hybemating
Margrave, mar^grav, n. Orig., a lord of the borders rodent of Europe, Asia,
or marches, in Germany; a nobleman of a rank and America, of many
equivalent to that of an English marquis. — Mar'- species, most of which
gfavate, -gra'^viate, -vT-at, n. Tlie territory or juris- (as the marmot of the
diction of, etc. —
Mar'^gravine, -ven, n. The wife of Alps and Pyrenees and
a margrave. theprairiedogof Amer.)
Marigold, mer''- or mar''T-gold, n. plant of several A live in communities,
genera, bearing yellow, orange, or brown flowers. while others (as the
Marine, ma-ren', a. Pert, to the sea, ocean, naviga- Amer. woodchuck) are -^^
tion, naval affairs, etc.; naval; nautical. (Geol.) solitary.
i'ormed by the action of currents or waves of the Maroon, ma-roon'', w. A t,t
sea. —
n. A
soldier serving on shipboard; the sum of fugitive slave living on Alpine Marmot, * i

naval affairs; naval economy; collective shipping of the mountains in the W. Indies and Guiana. — v. t.
a country. —
Mar'iner, -T-ner, n. One who pursues [marooned (-roond''), -eooning.] To put (a sailor)
a sea-faring life; a seaman; sailor. Mar'^itime, -T- — ashore on a desolate isle, under pretense of his hav-
tim, a. Bordering on the ocean; connected with the ing committed crime.
sea by situation, interest, power, etc.; pert, to navi- Maroon, ma-roon'', a. Brownish-crimson; of a claret
gation and naval affairs. color. — n. A claret color.
Mariolatry, ma-rl-ol'a-trl, n. The worship of the Marplot. See under Mar.
Virgin Marj'. Marque, Marquetry, Marquis, etc. See under Mark.
Marionette, mar^'t-o-nef, n. puppet made to act a A Marriage, etc. See under Marry.
part in a miniature pantomime. Marroon. Same as Maroon, a.
•Marital. See under Marry. Marrow, mSr^ro, n. (Anat.) A soft, oleaginous sub-
Maritime. See under Marine. stance contained in the cavities of animal bones.
Maijoram, mar''jo-ram, n. A plant of the genus Oi-ig- —
The essence; best part. Mar''row-bone, n. A bone
anum, of several species the sweet marjoram is containing marrow, pi. The bone of the knee the
— Mar'^rowfat, n. A rich but late
: ;

aromatic, and used in cookery. knees. variety

^ark, mark, n. A visible sign or impression, as a line, of pea. — Mar'rowless, a. — Mar'rowy, -ro-i:, a.
point, figure, streak, scratch, etc., made or left upon Abounding in marrow or pith; pithy.
anything; a token; trace; a significative token; esp., Marry, mar'rr, v. t. [-ried -rying.) To unite
(-rid),
a permanent impression of one's activity or charac- in wedlock or matrimony; to dispose of wedlock, m
ter; distinguished preeminence; a character made, give away as wife; to take for husband or wife; to
instead of signature, by one who cannot write; a unite closely. —
v. i. To unite as husband and wife.
thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach. (Log- — Mar''riage, -rij, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ;
ic.) Acharacteristic or essential attribute a differ- legal union of a man and woman for life matri-
—
;

ential. —
V. t. [MARKED (markt), marking.] To mony ; wedlock wedding nuptials.
; ; Mar'^ital,
;

make a visible sign upon, affix a significant mark to; a. Pert, to a husband. \Y.; 'L.inaHtalis.']
to notice the marks of, give attention to, remark, re- Mars, marz, n. (Lat. Myth.) The son of Jupiter and
gard, note, observe, betoken, brand. v. i. To take — Juno, and god of war. (Astron.) The planet of the
particular notice, note. —
Letter of marque, -mark. solar systerii next beyond the earth, conspicuous for
A license from the supreme power of a state to its —
the redness of its light. Mar'tial, -shal, a. Pert, or
subjects, to make reprisals beyond its marches or suited to war; military; given to war; brave; pert, to
borders esp. a commission authorizing a private
; army and navy, — opp. to cicil. —
Martial law. An
armed vessel, in time of war, to take the property of arbitrary kind of law, extending to matters of civil
a hostile state or of its subjects; the vessel so com- as well as of criminal jurisdiction, and proclaimed
missioned ; a privateer. —
Mar''c[uetry, -ket-rT, n. only in times of war, insurrection, rebellion, or
Inlaid work ; work
inlaid with pieces of divers col- emergency: it is quite distinct from military laiv.
ored wood, shells, etc. Mar'quis, -kwis, n.— A Marseilles, miir-salz'', n. A
fabric formed of 2 series
nobleman in England, France, and Germany, of a of interlacing tlireads, forming double cloth, quilted
rank next below that of duke. Mar''quess, -kwes, — in the loom, —
first made in Marseilles, France.
n. Amarc[uis. —
Mar'quisate, -kwiz-et, n. The Marsh, marsh, n. A
tract of low, wet land, at times
seigniory, dignity, or lordship of ji marquis. Mar''- — covered with water; a fen; swamp; morass.
chioness, -shun-es, Marquise'', -kez', n. The wife of Marshal, mar''shal, n. An officer of high rank, charged
a marquis. —
Marquee', -ke'', n. A
large field-tent. with the arrangement of ceremonies, conduct of op-
Mark, mark, n. A German silver coin=100 G. pfennig erations, etc.; as, a harbinger, pursuivant; or one
or about 24 cents. who regulates rank and order at an assembly, di-
Market, mar'^ket, n. A
public place or building where rects the order of procession, etc.: or the chief offi-
provisions, cattle, or other goods are exposed for sale cer of arms, who regulates combats in the lists; in
occasion when goods are publicly bought and sold France, the hi.2:hest military officer. (Am. Law.) A
at private sale; a fair; gathering of people on sucli ministerial olhcer, who executes the process of the
an occasion; a town, region, coimtiy, etc., where an courts of the United States, and has duties similar
article maybe disposed of by sale or barter; demand to a sheriff's: the name is also sometimes applied to
—
and sale; exchange. v. i. To buy or sell; to make certain police officers of a city. w. t. —
[marshaled
bargains. —
Mar'K.etable, a. Fit to be of- (-shald), -SHALING.] To dispose in order, arrange in
fered for sale ; salable current in market.
; a suitaole manner, as troops or an army; to lead, as
Marl, marl, n. A
mixed earthy shbstance, a harbinger.
consisting of carbonate of linie, clay, and Marsupial, mar-su-'pT-al, a. (Zool.) Having a pouch
siljcious sand. v. t. —[marled (marld), for carrying the immature young after birth; pert,
marling.] To overspread or manure with to the group of quadrupeds having, etc.; pert, to the
marl. ]wuch of the marsupials.— n. One of the marsupial
Marline, mar'Un, n. (Naiit.) small line A animals.
composed of 2 strands a little twisted, for Marline- Mart, mart, n. A place of sale or traffic; a market.
winding round ropes, to prevent their being ^P''*^- Martello Tower, mar-tel-Ho-toWer. (Fort.) A round
fretted by the blocks, etc. w. t. To wind marline — tower of masonry, erected on the sea-coast, bearing
around. —Marl, w. t. To wind with, etc.— Mar'- a gun that may be fired in any direction.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; gnd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 ; ,

MARTEN 241 MASTURBATION

Marten, mar' ten, n. A carnivorous animal of several blage ;bulk magnitude size chief component
; ; ;

species, alUed to the weasel portion; principal part; main body. {Physics.) The
its fur, used for hats, muffs, quantity of matter which a bodj' contains, irrespec-
etc. tive of its bulk or volume. v.t. To form into a —
Mar-text. See under Mar. mass, or a collective body; to assemble. Mass'- —
Martial. See under Maes. ive, -iv, a. Forming, or consisting of, a large mass ;

Martin, mar-'tin, Mart'let, n. compacted; weighty; heavy. {Min.) Having acrys-

A species of swallow which talline structure, but not a regular form. Mass'- — —
builds its nest about the iveness, n. State or quality of being massive.
eaves, etc., of houses. Mass'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.J Compacted into, or
jyiartinet, ni a r "^ t i n - e t ' ?i. , consisting of, a mass; solid; bulky and heavj\
{Mil.) A
strict disciplina- Mass, mas, n. The communion service, or the consecra/-
rian a pedantic officer.
;
Marten. tion and oblation of the host in Rom. Cath. churches.
[Xame of an officer in the French army under Louis Massacre, mas'sa-ker, n. The killing of numbers of
XrV.] {Naut.) A small human beings by indiscriminate slaughter cold- ;

—
line fastened to the leech blooded destruction of life butcherv carnage. ; ;

of a sail, to bring it close v.t. [massacred (-kerd), -cring.] To murder cru-

to the yard when the sail elly, butcher, slaughter indiscriminately.,
is furled. Masseter, mas-se'ter, n. {Anat.) A muscle which
Martingal, mar'tin-gal, raises the under iaw, and assists in chewing.
-gale, -gal, n. strap fas- A Massicot, mas''sI-kot, Mas'ticot, n. {Chem.) Pro-
tened to a horse's girth, toxide of lead, or yellow oxide of lead.
passing between his fore Massive, etc. See under Mass, body or lump.
legs, and ending in 2 rings,
Martin. Mast, mast, n. (iVawi.) A
pole, long round timber,
hold down his head,
through wliich the reins pass, to spar, or iron pillar set upright in a vessel, to sustain
and prevent him from rearing. (^Xaut.) lower A the sails, yards, rigging, etc. see Ship. v. t. To: —
stay for the jib-boom or flying-jib-boom the short, ;
furnish with, etc.
perpendicular spar (== dolphin-striker) under the Mast, mast, n. The fruit of the oak, beech, or other
bowsprit end, which forms a strut for the stay see forest trees; nuts; acorns.
Ship. (Gambling.) Act of doubling the amount
:

Master, mas'ter, 91. A

superior; leader; chief, em- —
lost on the preceding stake. ployed as a title of respectful address, also, familiarly
Martlet. See Martix. to an inferior or a boy; a ruler, governor, director, or
Martyr, mar''ter, n. One who, by his death, bears manager: esp. an owner or possessor; proprietor; a
witness to the truth of the gospel one who sacri- ; person having others under his authority; the direc-
tor of a school; teacher; instructor; one highly skilled
fices his life, or
ciple or cause. —what v.
is
-tyrixg.]
t.
of great value, for
[martyred (-terd),
any prin-
in any occupation, art, or science. {NautJ) The com-
To put to death on account of faith or profession ; mander of a merchant ship an officer in the navy, ;

to persecute as a martyr, torment, torture. Mar''- — subordinate to captains and lieutenants in com-
—
'
tyrdom, -dum, >i. The condition or death of a martyr. mand, who navigates the vessel. v. t. [mastered
Idarvel, mar''vel, n. That which
arrests the attention, (-terd), -tekixg.J To become the master of; to con-
and causes admiration or surprise; a wonder prod- quer, overpower, subdue to become an adept in. —
igy ; miracle. v. i. —
[marveled (-veld), -vel-
; ;

Mas'^terly, -li, a. Indicating thorough knowledge

ING.] To be struck with surprise or admiration; to or skill most excellent imperious domineering
— Mar'velous, -us, a.
; ;

wonder. Exciting wonder or arbitrary. —

Mas'^tery, -T, )i. Act of mastering ;
; ;

surprise prodigious ; ; surpassing belief improba- ; position or authority of a master supremacy supe- ; ;

ble; incredible. riority in competition preeminence

; victory in ;

Masculine, mas''ku-lin, a. Of the Inale sex ; nci fe- —

war; eminent skill. Mas''ter-piece, n. capital A
male ha\'ing the qualities of a man virile not
; ; ; performance; a chef-d'oeuvre. Maes'tro, ma-es'- —
effeminate; unwomanly. {Gram.) Having inflec- tro, n. A
master in any art, esp. in music a com- ;

tions, or construed witli words, pert. esp. to male poser.

beings, as disting. feminine and neuter.
fr. Mastic, Mastich, mas^'tik, n. low, shrubby tree of A
IVIash, mash, v. t. [mashed (masht), mashixg.] To the islands and coasts of the Mediterranean, pro-
crush by beating or pressure; to bruise. {Breivinij ducing a valuable resin; the resin of the mastic tree,
and Distilling.) To
ground grain and crushed steep used as a chewing gum, as an aromatic and astrin-
malt in warm water. — w. A mixture or mass of in- gent, and in varnishes; a cemenj used for plastering
gredients, beaten or blended together in a promis- walls, etc. —
Mas'^ticate, -tl-kat, v. t. To grind
cuous manner. with the teeth, and prepare for swallowing and
Mask, mask, n. A cover for the face, with apertures digestion; tochew.— Mastica'tion, w. Act or opera-
for the eyes and mouth a visor that which dis- ; ; tion of, etc. —
Mas'tica-
guises ; a pretext or subterfuge ; a festive entertain- toiy,-tt-ca-to-rl, a.
ment in which the company wear masks ; a mas- Chewing; adapted to'
querade; revel; piece of mummery a dramatic per- ; perform the office of
formance written in a tragic style, introducing such chewing food. — n.
characters that the actors must be masked. v. t. — (Med.) A substance to
[masked (maskt), masking.] To conceal with a be chewed to increase the
mask, disguise, cover, hide. —v. i. To revel to be saliva. ;

disguised. —Masque, mask, n. A mask; masqvier- Masticot. See Massicot.

ade. [f.] —
Mas'querade", mas'ker-ad'', ?i. An as- Mastiff, mas^'tif, n. ; pi. Mastiff.
sembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing -tiffs, a large and trusty varistj' of dog, of great
themselves with dancing, conversation, etc.; elabo- strength and courage.
rate hiding of what is true under a false show; dis- Mastodon, mas-'to-don, n. An extinct mammal re-
guise.
—
V. i. —
To assemble in masks, go in disguise. sembling the elephant, but
Mas^querad'er, n. larMr, and having mas-
Mason, ma''sn, n. A builder in stone or brick; a brick- toid processes o.n the teeth.
layer stonemason a member of the fraternitj' of Mas'toid, -toid, a. Re- —
Freemasons.
;

— ;

Ma'sonry, -sn-rt, re. Art or occupa- sembling the nipple_ or

tion, work or performance, of a mason; art of build- breast. MastoKogy, -o'-jT, —
ing, or that which is built, with stone or brick; craft n. Natural history of ani-
or mysteries of Freemasons. Mason'^ic, -son^'ik, a. —
mals which suckle their
Pert, to the craft of Freemasons. young.
Masora, ma-so^ra, n. A critical Rabbinical work on Masturbation, mas-ter-ba'- ^i * -cut i.^a^„
shun, n. Production of the Skeleton of Mastodon,
i
the text of the Hebrew Scriptures.
Masque, Masquerat' etc. See under Mask. ., sexual orgasm by handling one's private parts, a —
Mass, mas, n. A body or lump of solid matter; a body degrading and health-destroying vice onanism ; ;

of fluid matter a quantity collected; heap; assem-

; self-pollution.

sun, cQbe, full ; moon, fflOt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboif, chair, get.
16
 MAT 242 MAUL-STICK
Mat, mat, n. A texture of sedge, rushes, husks, etc., the female head of a household esp. an elderly, ;

motherly woman; a head nurse in a hospital; a fe-

|

tor cleansiiijr shoes or to cover a part of the floor; a

rug; any siinihir fabric for various uses; anything male superintendent of any institution.
growing thicklv, or closely interwoven. v. t. —
To Mathematic, math-e-mat'ic, -ical. «. Pert, to, or ac-
cover or lay with mats; to twist together, interweave. cording to the principles of, mathematics: theoreti-
— V. I. To become interwoven like a mat. Mat'- cally precise very accurate. Mathemafically, ; —
ting, n. Mats collectively materials for mats a ; adv. According to the principles of mathepiatical
;

carpet made of straw, etc., or a texture used in science; demonstrably.— Math'emati'cian, -tish'an,
packing goods, etc. n. One versed in mathematics. Mathemat'lcs, n. —
Matadore, mat^a-dor, n. One of the 3 principal cards Science of the properties, measurement, and exact
m the game of omber and quadrille the man ap- relations of numbers, quantities, or magnitudes, and
;

pointed to kill the bull in buU-iights. of the methods and processes by which problems are
Match, mach, n. A combustible substance used for solved, including arithmetic, geometry, algebra, —
retaining, conveying, or communicating fire; a small etc.
strip of wood, etc., "having one end covered with a Matin, mat''in,>^. Pert, to, or used in the morning.—
composition which ignites by friction. Match''- n. —
Morning worship or service, prayers or song ;
lock, n. The lock of a musket containing a juatch time of morning service; the first canonical hour in
for tiring it a musket fired by a match.
; the Rom. Cath. church. —Mat'inte, -e-na, n. re- A
Match, mach, n. A
person or thing equal to another ception or entertainment in the early part of the
in quality an equal mate a bringing together of
; ; ; day. Mat'uti''nal, Mafutine, -u-tin, a. Pert, to —
2 parties suited to one another, as for a union, a trial the morning; early.
of skill or force, etc. a contest to try strength or Matrass, mat^ras, n. An egg-shaped glass chemical
;

skill, or to determine superiority; a marriage; a can- vessel with tapering neck, used for distilling, digest-
didate for matrimony. v. t. [matched (macht), ing, etc.
MATCHING.] To be a mate or match for to rival Matress. See Mattress. ;

successfully to furnish with its match

; to bring a Matricide, Matrimony, etc. See under Maternal.
;

mate, match, or equal, against to set in competi- Matrix, ma'triks, Matrice, ma''tris or mat'ris, n. ; pi.
;

tion to make equal, proportionate, or suitable to

;
Mat'^fjces, -rl-sez. (Anat.) The womb.
;

marry, give in marriage. v. i. To be united in That which gives form or modifies any-
marriage; to be of equal size, figure, or quality; to thing; as, (Mech.) a mold, as for the face
tally, correspond. —
MatchOess, a. Having no of a type; (Min.) the earthy or stony sub-
equal unrivaled. —
Match'-maker, n. One who stance in which metallic ores or crystalline
;

contrives a marriage. -mak'ing, n. —Mate, mat, n. —

minerals are found; pi. (Dyeing.) the 5
One who customarily associates with another; a com- simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and
panion a husband or wife a bird or animal which yellow, of which all the rest are composed.
;

has paired with one of the opposite sex; one suitable

;

Matric'ulate, -trik-'u-lat, v. t. To enter —

to be a companion; a match. (N'aut.) An officer in or admit to membership in a body or soci-
a merchant vessel next below the captain; an assist- ety, esp. in a college or university, by en-
ant. —V. t. To match, marry, pair to match one's rolling the name iji a register. n. One
self against, compete with.
;

matriculated. Matric'uIa''tion, n. Act — (

Materia, ma-te^rT-a, n. Matter substance. Mate- of, etc.

;
— Matrix.
ria medica- (Med.) xVU substances used as curative Matron, etc. See under Maternal.
agents in medicine science of the nature and prop- Matter, master, n. That of which the sensible uni-
;

erties of substances used for the cure of diseases. —

-verse and all existent bodies are composed body ; ;

Mate''rial, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, matter substance that of which anything is composed ; ; ;

physical pert, to, or affecting, the physical nature

; material or substantial part of anything that with ;

of man, as disting. fr. the moral or religious nature; regard to, or about which, anything takes place ;

of solid or weighty character of consequence, not ; suDJect of thought, emotion, speech, or action; con-
to be dispensed with. (Logic.) Pert, to the matter, cern; affair; business; thing of consequence; impor-
as opposed 4)0 the form, of a thing. Corporeal bod- tance; moment; inducing cause or occasion; indefi-
;

ily; weighty; momentous; essential. n. Substance nite amount, quantity, orportion; pus; purulent sub-
of whien anything is or may be made. Mate'ri- stance. (Print.) Copy; type set up. (Metaph.\ That
alism, -izm,' n. Doctrine of materialists tendency which is the subject of any mental operation or psy-
;

to give undue importance to material interests; de- chological or logical process; substance, as opp. to
votion to the material nature and its wants. Mate''- form. v.i. [mattered (-terd), -tering.] To be —
rialist, n. One who denies the existence of spiritual of importance to import, signify to form pus or ; ;

substances, and maintains that the soul of man is matter, matvirate.

the result of a particular organization of matter in Matting. See under Mat.
the body; one who maintains the existence of mat- Mattock, maftok, n. A kind of pickax, -with ax and
ter, — disting. f r. the idealist, who denies it. Ma- —
adze-shaped eutting ends, instead of
te'rialist'ic, -isfical, a. Pert, to materialism or points.
materialists. —
Mate'rial-'ity, -T-tT, n. Quality of Mattress, mat'tres, n. A bed stuffed
being material; material existence; corporeity; im- with hair, moss, or other soft mate-
portance. —
Mate'^rialize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] rial, and quilted or tied.
To reduce to a state of matter, regard as matter to Mature, ma-ttir', a. Brought by nat- ;

explain by the laws or principles appropriate to mat- ural process to completeness or per-
Mattock.
ter ; to occupy with material instead of moral or fection of development; completely
religious interests. (Sx'iritualism.) To pretend to worked out; fully digested; come to suppuration;
present a spirit or departed soul under a material ripe. i'.t. [matured (-ttird''), -TURING.] To bring —
—
form or body. Mate'rially, adv. In the state of or hasten to perfection or maturity; to perfect, ripen;
matter; in its essence; substantially; in an impor- to make fit or ready for a special use. v. i. To be- —
tant manner or degree; essentially.— Mate'rialness, come ripe or perfect; to become due, as a note.
n. State of being material; importance. Mat^''- —
Mature'^ness, Matu'rity, -rt-tT, n. State of being
riel, -ta'^re-el, n. That in a complex system which mature; ripeness; termination of the period a note
constitutes the materials, or instruments employed, has to run.
disting. fr. the personnel, or men. Matutinal, Matutine. See under Matin.
Maternal, ma-ter'nal, a. Pert, to, or becoming a Maudlin, mawd-'lin, a. Drunk fuddled stupid ; ; ;

mother motherly. —
Mater 'nity, -nT-tT, n. State, weak or silly, as if half drunk; sickly sentimental.
;

character, or relation of a mother. —

Mat'ricide, -rT- Mauger, -gre, maw^ger, prep. In spite of; in opposi-
sid, n. The murder, also the murderer, of one's tion to; notwithstanding.
mother.— Mat'rimony, -rt-mo-nt, n. Union of man Maul, mawl, n. A large, heavy hammer or beetle, usu-
and woman as husband and wife; the nuptial state; ally of wood. V. t. [MAULED (mawld), mauling.] —
marriage; wedlock. —
Matrimo''nial, a. Pert, to, or To beat and bruise.
derived from, marriage; connubial; conjugal; nup- Maul-stick, mawKstik, n. The stick used by painters
tial; hymeneal. — Ma'tron, h. married woman; A
to keep the hand steady in working.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tOne, 6r
 — —

MAURESQUE 243 MECHANIC

Mauresque. See under Moor. •
base; ignoble; humble; poor; degraded; degenerate;
Maasoleum, maw-so-le'uni, n. A magnificent tomb, or vile; servile; despicable; paltrj': sordid.
stately sepul- Mean, men, a. Occupying a middle position ; inter-
chral monu- vening; intermediate in excellence. {Math.) Aver-
ment, chapel, age ; having an intermediate value between 2 ex-
or edilice. — tremes. —
n. That which is intermediate between 2
Mausole an, ''
extremes ; middle point, place, rate. Or degree me- ;

a. Pert, to a dium. {Math.) A quantity having an intermediate

mausoleum ; value between several others, from which it is de-
monumental. rived, and of which
it expresses the resultant value;
Mauve, mov, ti. average. Intermediate agency or .measure, instru-
A purple or ment, — usuallj' in
jjI. {means), but with a singular
lilac colering attribute or predicate; pi. resources; property; rev-
matter ob- enue.— Mean'time, -while, adv. In the' intervening
from
tained time during the interval.
;

aniline; the Mean, men, r. t. [meaxt (ment), meaxixg.] To have

color itself. in mind, view, or contemplation; to intend; to pur-
Mavis, ma'vis, pose, design; to sicrnify, indicate, denote. Mean'- —
n. {Oniith.) Mausoleum. ing, ?!^ That which is meant; intent; purpose; aim;
The throstle or song-thrush. that which is signified; sense; import.
Maw, maw, n. A
stomach of one of the lower ani- Meander, me-an''der, n. A winding course; a turning
mals, or, in contempt, of a man in birds, the craw. in a passage; an intricate or tortuous movement. —
— Maw'-worm, n. {Med.) An intestinal worm.
;

V. t. [meaxdered (-derd), -derixg.] To wind, turn,

Inlawkish, mawlc'ish, a. Apt to cause satiety or loath- or flow round. —
v. i. To wind or turn.
ing; nauseous; disgusting; squeamish. Measles, me^zlz, 7*. pi. {Med.) A very contagious dis-
Macular, maks'il-lar, -lary, a. {Anat.) Pert, to the ease, with inflammatory fever, catarrhal symptoms,
jaw. Maxillarit hone. Ji bone of either jaw, having and an eruption of red points grouped in circles or
an alveolar process in which the teeth are set. crescents, —
it is often fatal, or leaves dreaded seque-
Masim. maks^'im, n. An established principle or la5 rubeola.
: A disease of swine.
proposition a condensed statement of important
; Measure, mezh''er, n. Extent, dimensions, or capacity
practical truth ; axiom aphorism apothegm ad- ; ; ; of anything; aggregate measurements to determine
—
age; proverb. Max'^ijnum, n.; ^d. -ima, -ma. {31ath. the shape and size, as for clothing; limit; allotted
and Physics.) The greatest quantity or value attain- share, as of action, influence, ability, etc.; modera-
able in a given case greatest value attained bj' a
; tion; due restraint; a standard of dimension: rule by
quantity which iirst increases ancithen begins to de- which anything is adjusted or judged; an instru-
crease; nighest point or degree. ment for measuring size or quantity; contents of a
May, ma, v. [inijy. might (mit).] An auxiliary verb vessel by which quantity is measured; a stated or
qualifying the meaning of another verb, by express- limited quantity or amount undefined quantity; ;

ing ab'ility or possibility or moral power, libertj', ; estent; degree; means to an end; regulated division
permission, allowance or contingency or liability; ; of movement, as, {Dancing.) a grave, solemn stj'le
or modesty, courtesy, or concession, or a desire to of dance, with slow and measured steps; or, {2Im.)
soften a question or remark or desire or wish. ; that division of the time by which the air and mo-
May, ma, n. The 5th month of the year; the early part tion are regulated or, {Poetry.) meter rhj^thm ;
of life the flowers of the hawthorn, which filoom hence, a foot. pi.
;

{Geol.) Beds or strata. d. t.

;

—
in Maj'. — May'day, n.
;

The first day of May. — v. [MEASURED (-erd), -UEIXG.J To ascertain the extent,
i. To gather flowers on May morning. quantity, capacity, or dimensions of; to serve as the
Mayhem. See Maim. measure of ; to estimate, value, appraise ;' to pass
Mayonnaise, ma-on-naz', n. A salad compotmded of through or over in journejing to adjust, propor-
—
;

oil, vinegar, pepper, and salt, with raw yolks of tion: to allot or distribute 'by measure. v. i. To
eggs; a dish of meat, etc., with tliis sauce. have a certain extent or bulk. Lineal or long meas- —
Mayor, ma'er or mar, n. The chief magistrate of a ure. The measure of lines or distances. Square m. —
city or borough chief officer of a municipal corpo-
; The measure of the superficial area of surfaces in
ration.-—'May''oralty,-al-tT,?!. The office of a mayor. square units, as. inches, feet, miles, etc.— Meas'iire-
Maze, maz, n. A
baffling net-work of paths or pas- less, a. Without measure; boundless: endless: vast;
—
sages; confusion of thought; labyrinth; perplexitv ; infinite immeasurable.
; Meas'^urement, n. Act or
intricacy. v. t. —[mazed (mazd), mazixg.] To result of measuring; mensuration; amount or quan-
confound with intricacy; to amaze, iiewilder. Ma''- — tity ascertained by measuring; the area. Meas'- —
zy, -zT, a. Perplexed with turns and windings; in- urer, n.
tricate; confusing; perplexing. Meat, met, ?2. Food in general; flesh of animals; edi-
Me, me, pron. pers. Myself; tne person speaking, ble portion of am^thing.
objective case of /. Mechanic, me-kan''ik, n. One who works with ma-
Mead, med,?i. A fermented liquor made of honey and chines orinstr-i>ments; 1 2
water with malt, j'east, etc.; a drink made of water a workman employed
flavored with sirup of sarsaparilla, etc., and impreg- in the mechanic arts;
nated with carbonic acid gas. artificer; artisan; oper-
Mead, med, Mead''ow, med''o, n. tract of low or A a t i Ve . — Mechan'ic,
level grass land, esp. land somewhat wet, but cov- -leal, a. Pert, to, gov-
ered with grass. — Mead'owy, -o-T, a. Pert, to, like, erned by, or in accord-
or consisting of, meadow. ance wi'th, the princi-
Meager, -gre, merger, a. Having little flesh ; thin ; ples or laws of me-
lean; destitute of richness, fertility, strength, etc. ; chanics; depending
defective in quantity, or poor in quality ; wanting upon mechanism or
strength of diction or affluence of imagery; starved; machinery; done as if
scantyj barren. by a machine, or with-
Meal, mel, n. A
portion of food taken at one time a ; out conscious exertion
repast._ of will; pert, to arti-
Meal, mel, n. Grain coarsely ground and unbolted, san s or mechanics;
esp. oats or maize. —
MeaKy, -1, a. [-ier. -iest.] made by mechanical
Having the qualities of meal ; soft smooth like means, and not by
meal; farinaceous; dry and friable: overspread with
; ;

chemical action. Me- —

something that resembles meal. MeaKy-mouthed, — chanical powers. Cer- Mechanical Powers.
-mowthd, a. Having a soft mouth; unwilling to tell tain simple instru- 1, lever ; 2, inclined plane ; E,
wheel and axle ; 4, screw ; 5,
the truth in plain language. ments (the lever, in-
pulley ; 6, wedge.
Mean, men, a. Destitute of eminence wanting dig- ; clined plane, wheel
nitv of mind destitute of honor of little value
; ; ; and axie, screw, pulley, wedge, and their modiflca;'
sun, cube, f uU ; moon, f dt>v ; tow, oU.; linger or ink. tiien. boxboN, chair, get.
 MEDAL 244 MELODRAMA
tions) which convert a small force acting through a meditating; close orcontinued thouffht; musing; re-
great space into a great force acting through a small flection.— Med'itative, -tiv, a. Addicted to, express-
space, or vice versa. —
Mechan''ically, adv. Me- — ing, or appropriate to, etc.
chan'^icalness, n. —
Mechani'dan, -nish''an, ??. One
—
Mediterranean, med'I-ter-ra'ne-an, a. Surrounded by
skilled in mechanics; a machinist. Mechan'ics, n. land; inland; pert, to the Mediterranean Sea.
sing. That science which treats of forces and pow- Medium. See under Meuia'l. ^

ers, and the construction and use of machines and Medlar, med'lar, n. A kind of tree, and its sour, as-
instruments to utilize the laws of matter and motion. tringent fruit, eaten when approaching decay.
— Mech'anism, -nizm, ?i. The construction of a ma- Medley. See under Meddle.
chine; the parts of a machine taken collectively. Medullar, me-duKlar, Med^'ullary, -ul-la-rT, a. Pert.
Mech^'anist, n. A maker of machines; one skilled to, consisting of, or resembling, marrow. {Bot.)
in mechanics. Filled with spongy pith; pitliy.
Medal, med'al, n. A coin-shaped piece of metal, with Meed, med, n. That bestowed in consideration of
a device to commemorate an action, event, or person, merit; reward; recompense.
or given as a reward of merit. — Medall''ion, -yun, w. Meek, mek, a. Not easily provoked or irritated; esp.
A large antique medal a circular or oval tablet,
; submissive to the divine will: gentle; yielding; for-
bearing a portrait or ornament in relief. bearing; unassiiming: humble.
Meddle, med-'dl, v. i. r»DLED (-did), -dling.] To mix Meerschaum, nier'shawm, Hydrous silicate
— a tine white {Min.)
n.
with another person s affairs in an unnecessary, im- of magnesia, clay, consisting of mag-
pertinent, or improper manner; to interpose offi- nesia, silica, and water: wlien first taken out it is
ciously, interfere, intermeddle; to touch or handle. soft, and makes lather, like soap. A tobacco-pipe
— Med'^dler, M. One who meddles; a busybody. made of this mineral.
Med'dlesome, -sum, a. to Given meddling; officious- Meet, met, v. t. [met, meeting.] To come together
ly intrusive. — Med''dlesomeness, w. —Med''ley, -ll, with from an opposite direction, fall in with. to ;

n. A mixture; jumble; hodge-podge. (il/«s.) A com- come face to face with, join; to come upon with a
position containing detached passages from several hostile object, encounter: to have befall one, lighten,
different compositions. —
Melange, ma-laNzh'', ti. A find, receive.— v. i. To come together by mutual ap-
medley; mixture. [F.]— Mali, v. i. To mix, meddle. proach, converge, join; to come together with hostile
— Mel^e, ma-la'', n. A
fight in which the combatants purpose; to assemble together, congregate, collect; to
are mingled in one confused mass; a hand-to-hand agree, harmonize. —
Meefing, 7i. A coming togeth-
conflict. er; interview; a congregation; collection of people;
Medial, me'dY-al, a. Pert, to a mean or average; mean. convention; a religious assembly; in Eng., applied
— Me''dian, a. Running through the middle. Me'- — distinctively and disparagingly to a congregation of
diant, n. (3Ius.) The Sd above the key-note, so — dissenters.
called because it divides the interval between the Meet, met, a. Adapted, as to a use or purpose; fit;
tonic and dominant into 2 thirds. — Me''diat8, -at, a. proper; convenient; suitable; appropriate.
Being between the 2 extremes; middle; intervening; Megalosaur, meg-'a-lo-sa wr', -sau'rus, -saw^'rus, n. Aq
acting as a medium; acting by means, or by an in- extinct gigantic carnivorous saurian or lizard. —
tervening cause or instrument. v. i. To interpose—
between parties, as the equal friend of each to arbi- ;

trate, intercede. —
v. t. To effect by mediation or in-
terposition. — Me'^diately, adv. In a mediate man-
ner; by a secondary cause. —
Media'tion, n. Act of
mediating; action as a necessary condition, means,
or instrument; interposition; intervention: agency
between parties at variance, to reconcile them; en-
treaty for another. — Me'dia'tor, -ter, n. One who
mediates, esp. between parties at variance; interces-
sor; advocate propitiator; henc?, by way of emi-
—
;

nence, Christ is called the J/erftofo?-. Me''dio''cre,

-dl-o'kr, a. Of a middle quality; indifferent; ordi-
—
.

nary; commonplace. One of indifferent tal-

?;,.

ents or ordinai-y abilities.— Medioc'rity, -ok''rI-tt, n.

Quality of being mediocre a moderate degree or rate.
— ;

Me'dium, -dt-um, n. ; L. pi. -dia, -di:-a, E. pi. -di- Megatherium Cuvieri.

UMS, -dl-umz. That which lies in the middle inter- ;
Megathe^'rium, -the^'rY-um, n. An extinct gigantic
vening body or quantity; middle place or degree ; mammiferous edentate quadruped allied to the
mean. {Math.) See Mean. {Logic.) The mean or sloths.
middle term of a syllogism. An intervening or per- Melancholia, mel-an-ko'lT-a, n. {Pathol.) Mental un-
vading substance; instrumentality of conmiunica- soundness characterized by depression of spirits,
tion; agency of transmission; esp. in animal magnet- unfounded fears, and brooding over one particular
ism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the subject: it often attends disorders of the liver and
action of another being is said to be manifested and digestive organs. Melancholy, -kol-t, 7i. gloomy A
transmitted; a kind of printing paper of middle size.
— Mediae'val, -e'val, a. Of or pert, to the middle
state of mind; dejection of spirits. —
a. Depressed in
spirits; causing dejection; sad; unhappy; hypochon-
ages. [L. sevum, age.] driac; doleful; dismal; afflictive.— Mel"''anchol'ic, a.
Medicine, med''t-sin or med'sn, n. Any substance
administered in the treatment of disease; remedy;
—
Given to, etc. MeKanchol'iness, n.
Melange, Mll^e, MeU. See under Meddle.
physic; science of the prevention, cure, or allevia- Meliorate, meKyor-at, v. t. To make better, improve,
tion of disease. —
Medic'inal, -dis''T-nal, a. Having ameliorate. —
v. i. To grow better. Meliora'tion, —
the property of healing or of mitisjating disease ; n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; improvement.
pert, to medicine.— Medic^inally, ac/c. — Med'ical, Melliferous, mel-lifer-us, Mellif''ic, a. Producing
-ik-al, a. Pert, to medicine, or the art of healing honey. — Mellifluent, -lu-ent, -luous, -lu-us, a.
disease tending to cure; medicinal adapted, in- Flowing as with honey; smooth; sweetly flowing.
—
;
;

tended, or instituted to teach medical science. Mellow, mel'lo, a. Soft; not hard, harsh, tough, or
Med'ically, arfi'.— Med'icament, n. Anything used
lor healing diseases or wounds medicine
unyielding, —
as, soft with ripeness, ripe; or well
healing broken and lying lightly, as soil; or not hard, coarse,
application. —
Med'icate. v. t. To tincture or im-
; ;

or rough to the senses; soft, rich, delicate, said of —

pregnate with anything medicinal; to treat with a sound, color, flavor, etc.; well matured; genial; jovi-
medicine, heal, cure. al with liquor; slightly intoxicated; fuddled. v. t. —
Medieval, Mediocre, etc. See under Medial. [MELLOWED (-lod), -LOWIXG.] To make mellow,
Meditate, med'I-tat, v. i. To dwell on anything in
thought; to revolve any subject in the mind; to in-
ripen, soften by age; to pulverize. — v. i. To become
soft; to be ripened, matured, or brought to perfec-
tend, think, ruminate, cogitate, study. v. t. To tion.
plan, contrive, intend. —
Medita'tion, n. Act of Melodrama, mel-o-dra''ma or -dra''ma, w. A dramatic
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd. eve, term : Ttn^ Ice ; Sdd.- t.one. or
 — ; —

MELODY 245 MERCURY

performance in which songs are intermixed, and broken, decayed, etc.) to alter for the better, set ;

effect is sought by startling, exaggerated, or unnat- right, quicken, hasten to help, further, improve,
—
;

ural sentiment or situation. Blel'odramat''ic, a. reform. v. i. To grow better, become improved. —

Pert, to, or of the nature of, etc. overstrained MendaciooB, men-da'shus, a. Given to deception
—
coarsely exaggerated. Melodram'atist, n. A writer
;

lying; false.
;

Mendac'ity, -das'I-tl, n. Quality of — ;

of, etc. being mendacious; disposition to deceive; habit of

Melody, meKo-dt, n. Sweetness of sound music. lying; a falsehood; lie.
;

{Jilts.) A rhythmical succession of single tones, so Mendicant, men'dt-kant, a. Begging; poor; practicing
related togetaer as to form a musical whole. The air beggary. n. One who, etc.; a beggar; esp., one ol —
or tune o± a musical piece. —
Melo'^dioOB, -dT-us, a. the begging fraternity of the Rom. Cath. church. —
Containing melod}'; agreeable to the ear by a sweet Men'dicancy, -kan-sTT, n. Beggary. Mendlc'ity, —
—
succession of sounds. Melc'deon, -de-un, n. (31us.) -dis'l-tl, n. State of begging; life of a beggar.
A kind of reed instrument, with a key-board, ana Menhaden, men-ha''den, ?i. A salt-water fish used for
bellows worked by the feet. A music-hall. making oU, mackerel bait, and manure; the moss-
Melon, raeKun, n. A cucurbitaceous plant of many bunker.
species; its fleshy, edible fruit. Menial, me'nl-al, a. Belonging to a retinue of serv-
Melt, melt. v. t. To reduce from a solid to a liquid ants performing servile office pert, to servants
state by neat to soften, as by a warming or kindly
; low mean. n. A domestic servant a person of ;
;

— ;

;
;

influence to liquefy, dissolve, fuse, thaw, moUify, servile disposition._

subdue. —;

V. i. To become liquid, dissolve to pass Meninges, me-nin^jez, n. pi. {Anat.) The 3 mem-
;

by imperceptible degrees, blend; to be softened to branes enveloping the brain and spinal cord. Men- —
love, pity, tenderness, sympathy ,_etc. ; to become in^_^tis, n. Inflammation of the meninges.
dissipated or weak. —
Molfen, molt''n, a. Melted; Meniscus, me-nis''kus, n.; pi. -cuses. A lens convex
made of melted metal. [Obs. p. p. of melt.'] on one side and concave on the other, having the
Member, mem'ber, n. A part of an animal body ca- concavity less than the convexitv. See Lens.
pable of performing a distinct oflfice a vital organ; Meniver, men-'I-ver, n. A small white animal of
;

limb; apart of a whole; an independent constituent Russia, Or its fine fur; the Siberian squirrel.
of a body, as, a part of a discourse period, or sentence
, Mennonite, men'non-lt, n. One of a Christian sect in
a clause; {Arch.) a subordinate part of a building, as Russia and Germany, founded by Simon Menno,
a frieze, cornice, or molding one of the persons
; who hold that the New Test, is the onlj' rule of
composing a society, community, etc. (Math.) either
; faith, that there is no original sin, that infants should
of the 2 parts of an algebraic equation, connected by not be baptized, and that oaths and physical force
the sign of equality. —
Mem'bership, n. State of be- are unlawful.
ing, etc.; collective body of members.— Mem-'brane, Mensal, men'sal, a. Occurring once in a month ?
-bran, n. (Anat. and £ot.) A thin, extended cell- monthly. —Men'ses, -sez, w. ;iZ. {Med.) The cata-
ular tissue or skin, covering, lining, connecting, or menial or menstrual discharges, a periodic flow of
dividing some part, organ, or cavity. Mem''bra- —
blood from the uterus. Men''strual, -str66-al, a. —
nous, -Bra-nus, -bra'neous, -ne-us, -brana''ceous, Recurring once a month,; monthly; pert, to the
-na'shus, a. Pert, to, like, or consisting of, etc. menses; pert, to a menstruum. {Asti-on.) Making a
Memento, me-men'to, n. ; pi. -tos, -toz. A sugges- complete cycle of changes in a month.
tion or memorial, to awaken memory a souvenir. Mensurable, men'shoo-ra-bl, a.
; Capable of being
— Mem'ory, -o-rl, n. The faculty of the mind by measured measurable.— Mensura'^tion, n. Act, pro- ;

which it retains knowledge of previous events, ideas, cess, or art of measuring; that branch of applied ge-
etc.; time within which past events can be remem- ometry which gives rules for finding the dimension
bered; remembrance of a person or event preserved of objects from measurement of lines and angles.
to after-times; state of being remembered; recollec- Mental, men^'tal, a. Pert, to the mind intellectual.
tion; reminiscence. —
Memoir, mem-'wor or me'- —
Men'' tally, adv. In the mind; intellectually; in
;

mwor, w. A memorial account; familiar history com- idea. Men'' tion, -shun, «. A brief notice; a cur- —
posed from personal experience and memory; a me- sory speaking of anything. v. t. [mentioned —
morial of any individual; biography; record of in- (-shund), -TiOMNG.] To direct attention to by a
vestigations of any subject; the journals and pro- simple reference to name.
ceedings of a society. — Mern'orabil'la, -biKl-a, n. Mentor, men-'tor, n. A wise and faithful counselor.
;

pi. Things remarkable and worthy of remembrance Mephistophelian, mef''is-to-fe''lT-an, a. Pert, to, or
or record. —
Mem''orable, a. Worthy to be remem- like_, the devil MephistopheJes ; fiendish crafty. ;

bered; illustrious; celebrated; remarkable; famous. Mephitis, me-ti ''tis, Meph''itism, mef ''1-tizm, 7i. Foul
— Mem'orably, adv. —
Memoran'dsim, n. ; E. pi. exhalations from decomposing substances, etc.
-DUMS,-dumz, L. pi. -DA, -da. A
record of something Mephit'ic, -ical, -fit''ik-al, a. Offensive to the
which it is desired to remember. {Law.) brief A smell; poisonous; pestilential; destructive to life.
note in writing of some transaction, or outline of an Mercerize, mer''ser-Tz, v. t. To treat, as cotton
intended instrument. —
Memo'rial, -rl-al, a. Pre- fabrics, with a solution of alkah, so as to produce a
servative of, or contained in, memory. n. Anything — silky appearance.
intended to preserve the memory of a person, occur- Merchant, mSr'chant, n. One who traffics or carries
rence, etc. a record
; a written representation of
; on trade, esp. on a large scale; a trafficker; trader.
facts or address of solicitation or complaint made to a. Pert, to, or employed in, trade or merchandise.
a legislative or other body. {Diplomacy.) species A Mer''chantable, a. Fit for market; such as is usually
—
of informal state paper, much used in negotiation. sold in market, or will bring the ordinary price.
Memo^'rialist, n. One who writes or presents a me- Mer''chantman, n. ; pi. -hen. A trading vessel; a
morial. —Memc'rialize, V. t.- [-IZED (-Izd), -IZING.]
— vessel for transporting goods. —
Mer''chandise, -chan-
To present a memorial to, petition by memorial. diz, n. Act or Dusiness of trading; whatever is usu-
Mem'orize, v. t. [-rized (-rizd), -eizing.] To cause ally bought or sold in trade ; wares goods ; com-
;

to be remembered esp., to record to commit to modities.— V. i. [merchandized (-dizd), -dizing.]

—
; ;

memory, learn by heart. To trade; carry on commerce. Mer'cantile, -kan-

Men. See Man. til, a. Pert, to merchants, or their business; com-
Menace, men^'es, v. t. [-aged (-est), -aging.] To mercial. —
Mer''cenairy, -se-na-rl, a. Acting for re-
threaten; to inspire with apprehension. n. Show — ward; serving for pay; h;red; moved by considera-
of a disposition or int 3ntion to inflict an evil a threat ; tions of profit; hireling; venal; sordid; 'selfish. n. —
or threatening. One who is hired; a hireling; esp. a soldier hired
Manage, men-azh', n. Housekeeping household af- ; into foreign service. —
Mef'cer, n. One who deals
fairs and administration; domestic econonry train- in silks and woolen cloths, etc.
;

ing of animals, as of horses a collection of animals Merciful, Merciless, etc. See under ]Mekcy.
for exhibition a menagerie.
;
;

—
Menag'erie, men- Merciuy, mer''ku-ri:, n. {Rom. Myth.) The son of
azh'e-rl, n. A place where animals are kept and Jupiter and Maia, messenger and interpreter of the
trained: esp., a collection of wild or exotic animals, fods, and god of eloquence, coramercef and gain.
kept for exhibition. Chem.) A very heavy, expansible metal, white Like
Mend, mend, v. t. To repair (anything that is torn, silver, liquid at common temperatures; quicksilver:

siin, cube, full ; moon, fcJ&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, liien, boNbON, chair, get.
 MERCY 246 METACARPUS
>t acts as a poison, and its compounds are used iu Merry,mer''rT,a. [-rier,-riest.] Brisk;lively;stirring;
medicine. (Med.) A salt or preparation of meicurj', noisily gay overflowing with good spirits cheer-
; ;

used as a remedial agent, as calomel, blue-pill, etc. ful causing laughter or mirth sprightly joyous ;
; ; ;

(AMfon.) The planet of the solar system, nearest the sportive; pleasant. —Mer 'riment, n. Gayety, with
sun. A newsboy; messenger; newspaper. (Bot.) A laughter or noise noisj' sport hilarity frolic jollity.
; ; ;
;

plant, wliose leaves are used for spinach, in Europe; Mersion. See iinoer Merge.
in Amer., certain climbing plants, some of wliich are Mesalliance, maz'al-le-axs'', n. Misalliance, q. v.
poisonous to the skin, esp. the poison ivy. Mercu'- — Mesdames. See Madame.
rial, -rT-al, a. Having the qualities fabled to belong Mesentery, mes''- or mez'en-ter-Y, n. (Aiiat.) A mem-
to -Mercury; active; sprightlj'; full of fire or vigor; brane in the cavity of the abdomen, whicTi retains
gay; fickle; changeable; pert, to Mercury, as god of the intestines and their appendages in position.
trade; money-making; pert, to, containing, or con- Mesh, mesh, n. The opening or space inclosed by the
sisting of, mercury. —
Mercu'rialize, v. t. [-ized threads of a net between knot and knot net-work.
(-izd), -iziXG.] (Med.) To affect with mercury. — V. t. [mesked (mesht), meshixg.] To catch in a
;

{Photog.) To expose to the vapor of mercury. mesh, insnare.

Mercy, mer'^sl, n. Disposition to overlook injuries, Meslin. Same as Maslin.
or to treat an offender better than he deserves an ; Mesmerism, mez^mer-izm, n. The art of inducing an
act or exercise of mercy or favor clemency pity ; ; abnormal state of the nervous system, in which the
—
;

compassion; leniency; mildness. Mer'ciful, -sl-tul, actor claims to control the actions, and communi-
a. Full of, having, or exercising, mercy; unwilling cate directly with the mind, of the recipient. Mes'- —
to give pain; compassionate; humane; kind; benig- merist, n. One who practices, or believes in, etc.
nant.— Mer'ciless, a. Destitute of, or acting without, Mes'merize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izi^tg.] To bring
mercy; unsparing; relentless; cruel; unfeeling; re- into a stjite of mesmeric sleep.
morseless; ruthless; pitiless; severe; barbarous; sav- Mesne, men, a. {Law.) Middle; intervening.
age. Mess, mes,-Ji. A dish, or quantity of food prepared
Mere, mer, a. Unmixed pure absolute only this, ; at one time a number of persons who eat together,
;

and nothing else; simple; bare. Mere'ly, adv. — ; ;

and for whom food is prepared in common.— v. i.

Purelvj utterly; solely. [messed (mest), messing.] To eat, feed to eat in
Mere, mer, n. A pool or lake. —
company. v. t. To supply with a mess. Mess'-
;

—
Meretricious, mer-e-trish''us, a. Pert, to prostitutes ; mate, n. A
table companion.
like the arts of harlots alluring by false .show
; Mess, mes, n. A
medley mixed mass a disagree- ; ;

gaudily ornamental; in bad taste. able mixture a state of dirt and disorder, a diffi-
Merge, merj, v. t. [merged (merjd), merging.] To
;

cult, embarrassing, or distressing situation. v. t. —

cause to be swallowed up to immerse, immerge, To confuse, disorder, soil.
sink. —
V. i. To be sunk, swallowed up, or lost.
;

— Message, mes-'sej, n. Any notice, word, or communi-

Mer'ger, n. One who, or that which, merges or swal- cation, from one person to another; an official ad-
lows up. {Law.) Absorption of one estate, or one dress, not made in person, but delivered by a mes-
contract, in another. — Mer'sion, -shun, n. Act of senger. —
Mes'^senger, -sen-jer, n. One who bears a
merging. —Mer
g an's e r, message or goes on an errand. {Saut.) A hawser
-gan-'ser, n. migratory, A wound round the capstan, used for heaving in the
crested, fish-eating, sleh- _^_ cable. {Laiu.) A person appointed to perform cer-
der-billed water -fowl, of ^S tain ministerial duties under bankrupt and insolv-
several species, allied to the a ent laws.
ducks. Messiah, mes-si'a, w. Christ, the anointed; the Savior.
Meridian, me-rid'Y-an, n. — Messian'ic, -sT-an-'ik, a. Relating to the Messiah.
Midday ; noon the high-
; Messieurs. See Monsieur.
est point, as of success, pros- Messmate. See under Mess, a dish.
perity, etc. ; ciilmination. Merganser. Messuage, mes''swej, n. {Law.) dwelling-house, A
XAstron.) A
great circle of the celestial sphere pass- with the adjacent buildings and lands appropriated
ing through the poles of the heavens and the zenith to the use of the household.
of a given place. {Geog.) An imaginary great cir- Met. See Meet.
cle on the surface of the earth, passing through the Metacarpus, met-a-kar''pas, n. {Anat.) The part of
poles and any given place. «. Pert, to the merid- — the hand between wrist and fingers. See Skele-
ian, or to midday, or to the highest point or culmi- ton. — Mefagram^matism, -ma-tizm, n. Transp9si-
nation. tion of the letters of a name into such a connection
Meringue, ma-rang'', n. as to express some perfect sense applicable to the per-
A soft icing or frosting son named anagrammatism. ; Met'al, mefal or —
(white of eggs and sug- met''!, n. An elementary substance having a peculiar
ar) piled upon a pud- luster, insoluble in water, a good conductor of heat
ding, pie, or confec- and electricity, and usually solid at ordinary tem-
tion, and browned in peratures the effective power of guns carried by a
;

the oven. [F.] vessel of war; a metallic alloy or compound, such as

Merino, me-re^no, a. brass, bronze, steel, etc. id. 'in Eng., the rails of a
Of, or pert, to, a va- railroad. —
MetaKlic, me-taKlik, a. Pert, to, consist-
—
riety of sheep with long ing of, resembling, or of the nature of, metals.
fine wool made of;
— Met'allize, r. <."i-LizED (-lizd),-LiziNG.] To lorm
the wool of the merino into metal to give its proper metallie properties to.
:

sheep, or of fine wool -.. — Metalliferous, -er-us, a. Producing metals.

mixed with cotton. —
JWerino.
. .

Met'alloid, -loid, M. {Chem.) An inflammable, non-

n. Athin fabric, of merino wool, for ladies' wear. metallic body, such as sulphur, phosphorus, etc. the ;

—
Merit, meruit, n. Quality or relation of deserving well metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth.
or ill; desert; excellence entitling to honor or reward; a. Like metal; pert, to the metalloids.— Met'allur'-
worth reward deserved that which is earned or gy, -ler'jt, n. The art of working metals esp. the
merited.
;

—
;

v. t. To earn by active service, or by any operation of obtaining metals from their ores.
;

—
valuable performance; to be entitled to, deserve, in- Mefallur'gist, n. One skilled in. etc. Meftle, —
cur. —Merito'rious, -to'rl-us, a. Possessing merit -tl, n. Element material disposition character ;
; ; :

or desert; deserving of reward or honor; valuable. courage temper temperament susceptible of high
Merle, merl, n. A
blackbird.— Mer'^lin, w. (Ornith.) excitement
; ;

ardor. [Same word as metal, used

; m
The smallest of the falcons. wizard. A allusion to the temper of the metal of a sword-
Merlon, mer'lon, n. That part of a parapet which blade.]— Met'tled,-tld, a. Having mettle; high-spir-
lies between 2 embrasures. See Embrasure. ited full of fire. —
Met-'tlesome, -sum, a. Full of
Mermaid, mer''mad, n. A fabled marine creature, hav- spirit
;

easily excited
; fiery. Met''amor''phosi8,;
—
ing the upper part like that of a woman, and the -mor''fo-sis, n. ; pi. -SES, -sez. Change sf form, shape,
lower like a fish. — Mer''man, n. A sea-man, with a or structure; transformation; change in the form or
fish's tail instead of legs. function of a living body, by a normal process of

Em, ^me, far, pass or opera, tare ; end, eve, term ; Tfii. ice s Odd. tone, 8r
 — —

METE 247 MID

growth. —
Met''amor''phose, -ids, n. Same as Meta- Met'ropol'itan, a. Pert, to a metropolis residing
MOKPHOSIS. f. t. —
[MKTAMOKfllOSED (-iost), -I'HUS- in the chief city. —
n. The bishop presiding over the
;

iXG.] To transform, transmute. Mefaphor, -a- — other bishops of a province. (Lat. Church.) An
fSr, n. (Bhet.) A short similitude a word suggest- ; archbishop.
ing similitude without a formal expression ofcom- Mettle, etc. See under Metacarpus.
parison. —
Metaphor ''ic, -fOr'^ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, Mew, mu, ?i. A
kind of sea-fowl; a gull.
or comprisin;r, a metaphor figurative tropical. Mew, mu, i\ i. [mewed (mud), mewixg.j To shed
—
; ;

Metaphys'lcs, -tiz'iks, «. Science of being; sci- or cast to molt, as a bird, its feathers
; ; to shuc up,
ence of mind or intelligence, as disting. from sci- confine in a cage or other iuclosure. — i\ i. To cast
ence of matter scientific knowledge of mental phe-
; the featliers, molt, change, put on a new appear-
nomena mental philosophy p.sychology philos-
; ;

—
: ance. M.— A
cage for hawks while mewing; a place
ophy science of the supernatural. Metatar'sus,
; of confinement. —
Mews, n. ; pZ. Mews'es, muz^ez.
n. (Ayiat.) The middle of the foot, or part between Prop, the royal stables in London any range of ;

ankle and toes. See Skeleton. Metath''esis, me- — stables an inclosed space an allej', etc., where
: ;

tath''e-sis, «. pZ. -SES, -.sez. {Gram.) Transposition; stables are situated.

a figure by
;
which the letters or syllables of a word Mew, mu, v. i. To — n. The cry of a cat.
cry as a cat.
are transposed. {Chem-) Interchange of 2 elements — Mewl, mul, r. i. [mewled (muld), mewlixg.]
in a reaction. —
Metathefical, a. Taking place by To cry from uneasiness, as a child: to squall.
met-athesis. —
Metemp'3ycho''3i3, -si-ko''sis, 7i. The Mezzo, "med'zo or mef'zo, «. (Mus.) Middle: mean.
passing of the soul of a man after death into some — MeB'zo-rilie''vo, -re-le-a'vo, n. A middle degree
other animal body transmigration. Me'teor, -te-
;
— of relief in ngures, between high and low relief. —
or, II. Any transitory phenomenon or appearance M.- sopra'no, -so-iM-ii'no, n. {Mus.) A female voice
in the atmosphere, as clouds, rain, liail. snow, etc.; intermediate in compass between soprano and con-
esp. a transient fiery or luminous body seen in the tralto one having such a voice. Mez'zotint, -tin'- —
—
;

atmospliere aerolite ; shooting star. Me'taor'^ic,

; to, n. A manner of engraving on copper, in imita-
-te-or'ik, a. Pert, to, of the nature of, or consisting tion of painting in India ink.
of, meteors proceeding from a meteor transiently Miasm, mi'azm, IVQas^'ma, -ma, n.*; pi. Mias''mata,
;

brilliant influenced by the weather. Me''teorite, — -ma-ta. Infection floating in the air: deadly exhala-
-it,Me
;

'teor''olite, -o-lit, n. meteoric stone aero- A ; tion noxious effluvia malaria.

; Mias''mal, Mi'as-
;
—
lite.— Me'teoroKogy, -o-jT, n. Science of the at- mat'^ic, -ical, o. Pert, to, or partaking of the qual-
mosphere and its plienomena, esp. in relation to the ities of, miasma.
weather. —
Meth^'od, n. An orderly procedure or Mica, mi''ka, n. {Mia.) A mineral easily split into
process; regular manner of doing anj'thing orderly extremely thin flexible plates, more or less transpar-
—
;

arrangement, elucidation, development, or classifi- ent, and used like glass, in lanterns, etc. Mica'-
cation. {Nat. Hist.) Arrangement of natural ob- ceous, -shus, a. Pert, to, or containing, mica; split-
jects according to their conimon characteristics. — ting into laminaa or leaves like mica.
Method'ic, -ical, me-thod'ik-al, a. Characterized Mice. See Mouse.
by method systematic arranged in convenient Michaelmas, mik''el-mas, n. The feast of St. Michael,
order. —
;

Method'icaUy, adv. Meth'odist, n.

;

— A celebrated Sept. 29th; hence, autumn.

strict adherent to method, esp. one of an ancient Mickle, milc'l, a. Much great. ;

school of physicians. {Theol.) One of a sect of Microcosm, mi'kro-kozm, n. A little world; a minia-
Christians, so called from
founded by John Wesley, ture societj-, or institution; hence, man, supposed to
the exact regularity of their lives at Oxford uni- be an epitome of the imiverse or great world. —
versity. A
person of strict piety: one who lives in Microm'eter, n. An instrument, used with a tel-
the exact observance of religious duties. Meth''- — escope or microscope, for measuring very small dis-
odism, n. Doctrines and worship of the Method- tances, or the apparent diameters of objects which
ists.— Methodist^ic, a. Resenibling, or partaking subtend very small angles. Mi'croscope, -skop, n.—
of the strictness of, Methodists. Meth'odize, r. t. — An optical instrument, consisting of a lens, or combi-
[-IZED (-izd), -IZING.] To nation of lenses, for examining objects too minute
reduce to method, ar- to be viewed by the naked eye. Microscop''ic, -ical, —
range conveniently. a. Made bj^ aid of a microscope resembling a mi- ;

Meth'odiz'er, n. One who croscope capable of seeing very minute objects;

— —
;

methodizes. Metonymy, visible only by aid of a microscope. Micros'' copy,

me-ton't-mt or e t ' o - m -ko-pY, 11. Use of, or investigations with, the mi-
nim't. (Rhet.) A trope in croscope.
which one word is put for Mid, a. [compar. wanting ; siqjerl. midst or midmost.]
another; a change of names Situated between extremes middle intervening.
which have some relation — Mid'day, a. Pert, to noon; meridional.
; ;

to each other. Mefope, — — n. The middle of the day noon. Mid'- ; —

-o-pe, n. (Arch.) The space Metope. land, a. In the interior country distant
between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze, often from the coast; mediterranean. Mid'- —
;

adorned with carved work. night, n. Middle of the night 12 o'clock

Mete, met, v. t. To ascertain the quantity, dimensions, p. M. —
a. In the middle of tne night very
;

or capacity of by rule or standard: to measure.

, dark. —
Mid'rib, «. {Bot.) The main .rib o"f
n. Measure limit boundary. ; Mefage, -ej. n.
; — a leaf, a continuation of tne petiole. Mid'- —
Measurement of coal; charge for measuring. Me'- — riff, n. (Anat.) The diaphragm, or respira-
ter, 71. One who, or that which, metes or measures; tory muscle which separates the thorax and
esp. an instrument for measuring the consumption —
abdomen. Mid^ships, ndr. (JVaitt.) In the
of gas, also of water a licensed measurer of coal be- middle of a ship. Mid'shipman, — n. ; pi.
fore its delivery for sale.
;

Me'ter, -tre, n. Rhyth- — -MEX. A naval cadet holding a petty office in

Midrib.
mical arrangement of words into verses, stanzas, a ship of war. —
Mid'^dy, -dl, n. Colloquial abbrev. of
strophes, etc. number of syllables in a verse, etc. midsnipma7i. —
Mid'^BUm'mer, n. The middle of the
rhytlim measure verse
;

a decimal measure of
;

summer; the summer solstice. Mid'^way, »i. The —

^
:

length
;

.39.37 inches.
;

Met'ric, mefrik, a. Pert. — middle of the way or distance. a. and adv. In —

to the decimal system of weights and measures, in the middle, etc.; half waj^. Mid'win'ter, ?*. The —
which the meter is the itnit of linear, square, and middle of the winter; the winter solstice; also the
cubic measure. —
Met'rical, a. Pert, to measure, severe winter weather, which is usually later.— Mid''-
or due arrangement or combination of long and heav'en, n. The middle part of heaven, or the sky.
short syllables; consisting of verses; poetically meas- {Astron.) The meridian, or middle line of the heav-
ured; employed in, or obtained by, measurement. ens.— Mid'dle, -dl. a. Equally distant from the ex-
Metheglin, me-theg^lin, n. A liquor made of honey tremes; mean; medial; mid; intermediate; interven-
and water boiled and fermented; mead. ing. — 71. The point or part equally distant from the

Method, Metope, etc. See under Metacarpus. extremities; midst; central portion. Mid''dling, a. —
JAetropolis, me-trop'o-lis, n. The mother city chief ; Of middle rank, state, size, or quality moderate :

city or capital of a kingdom, state, or country. mediocre; medium; ordinary. Mid-'dlings, n. pi. — ;

siin, cube, full ; moon, ffi6t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, liien, boNboN, chair, get.
 MIDGE 248 MILL
A coarse, inferior flour; in high inilling, coarse parti- Millen'nial, -nt-al, a. Pertaining to the millen-
cles of the first crushing of tlie grain, from which nium, or to 1,000 years. —
Millen'nialist. n. One
the best flour is afterwards ground in U. S., the ; who believes that Christ will reign, etc.— Mil'leped,
portion of a hog between ham and shoulder. —Midst, -le-ped, n. An insect having many feet ; one of
n. The interior or central part ; the middle. — adv. the myriaj)ods. —
Mil'le-
In the middle. pore, -le-por, h. A
minute
Midge, mij, n. A name given to several minute but reef-building marine ani-
troublesome species of gnats and flies. mal; its branching coral,
IVIidwife, mid'wif, n. ; jH. -wives, -wivz. A woman having the surface smooth,
who assists other women in childbirth. Mid'wifery, — and perforated with very
-wif-rf or -wif-i-I, n. Art or practice of assisting, or minute punctures or cells.
assistance rendered, at childbirth ; obstetrics. — MiKleporite, -po-rit, n.
Mien, men, n. External appearance; carriage; bear- Afossil millepore. Mil- —
inj;-; look; air; aspect; demeanor. les'imal, a. Thousandth;
MifETmif, 7i. A
slight degree of resentment. consisting of 1,000 parts.
Might, mit, w)yj. of May, q. v. — Milligram, Mil'li-
Might, mit, 71. Force or power strength ability ; ; gramme', -gram^, u. A ,..,.
capacity. —
Mighfy, -1, a. Possessing might for- ;
;

metric measure of weight, MiUepora alciconus.

, .

cible; strong; valiant; very great; remarkable for being the 1-lOOOth of a gram =
.01876 grain trov, or
size, eftect, or qualities exhibiting or implying; .0154 gram avoirdupois. — Milliliter, mil-lil'l-tlr or
power; very excellent; fine. adv. In a great de- — miKll-h'ter, MiFiili'tre, -le'tr, n. A measure of ca-
gree very.
; pacity=l- 1000th of a liter =
.06103 of a cubic inch.—
Mignou, men-yox'' or min''yun, a, Delicate; dainty; Millimeter, mil-lim'e-ter or mil'll-me'ter, Millime'-
pretty. n. — A darling. — tre, -ma'tr, n. A
lineal measure =
1-lOOOth of a
Mign'onette'', min'yun-ef, =
meter .03937 of an inch.—Mill ''rea, -ree, -reis, niiK-
n. An annual flowering re, n. A
coin of Portugal 1,000 reis = =
.$108.- MilK-
plant, having a delicate fra- ion, -yun, m. The nupiber of ten hundred thousand,
grance. —
Miu''ion, -yun, or a thousand thousand, written 1,000,000; an indef-
n. Afavorite; darling; esp. initely large number. —
miKionary, -yun-a-rT, a.
an unworthy favorite ; one Pert, to, or consisting of, millions. MilKionth, —
who gains favors by flattery -yuuth, a. Last of, or constituting one of, a million
or mean adulation a servile ; units. — H. One of, etc. — Millionaire^ -ar', n. One
dependent; a small kind of whose wealth is counted bv millions.— Millier, rae'-
printing type, in size be-
and non-
-ya', n. A
measure of weight =
1,000,000 grains =
tween 1) r e Vi e r 2204.62 lbs. avoirdupois, being the weight of 1 cu.
pareil. meter of water at 4^ centigrade. —
Milliard, mil'le-
This line is in minion.
ar'', n. Athousand millions.
Milesian, mi-le'zhan, n. A
Celtic inhabitant of Ire-
— Min'^nesing'er, -ne-sing'- land.
er, n. A
love-singer; esp. one Miliary. See under Millet.
of a class of Germ, poets and Militate, miKl-tat, v. i. To stand opposed, have weight
musicians of the 12-14th cen- on the opposite side, contend, —
said of arguments,
turies. — Miu'lkin,
—
a. Small; etc., and followed by against. —
MiKitant, a. En-
diminutive. n. A darling; gaged in warfare; combating; serving as a soldier.
favorite a small kind of pin.
;
Mignonette. — MiKitary, -t-ta-rT, a. Pert, to soldiers, to arms,
Migrate, mi^grat, v. i. To change one's place of res- or to war; engaged in the service of soldiers or
iaence, esp. to remove to another country to pass ; arms; warlike; becoming a soldier, —n. The whole
to a warmer climate in the autumn, returning in the body of soldiers; soldiery; militia; the army.-
spring, —
said of birds. —
Migra''tion, n. Act of mi- Mili'tia, ml-lish'a, n. The body of citizen soldiers
grating. — Mi''gratory, -to-rl, a. Removing or ac- in a state enrolled for discipline, but engaged in act-
customed to remove, etc. ual service only in emergencies.
Mikado, me-ka'do, n. The title of the Emperor of Milk, milk, n. A
white fluid secreted by female mam-
Japan. mals for the nourishment of their j'oung; white juice
Milage. Same as Mileage: see under Mile. of certain plants; emulsion made by bruising seeds.
Milch. See under Milk. — v.t. [milked (milkt), MiLKixG.] To draw milk
Mild, mild, a. Tender and gentle in temper or dispo- from the breasts or udder of; to supply with milk;
sition; not showing severity or harshness; not acrid, add milk to; to draw the substance, contents, etc.,
pungent, corrosive, or drastic; gently affecting the from, esp. surreptitiously, —
as, to milk a telegram,
senses; not violent; soft; calm; soothing; placid; to use information designed for others. Milk''er, —
tender lenitive assuasive.
; ; n. One who or that which milks; an animal giving
Mildew, miKdu, n. A peculiar state of decay in living milk.— Milk'y, -T, n. Relating to, made of, like,
or dead vegetable matter, cloth, paper, etc., caused or yielding milk; soft; mild; gentle; timorous.
by minute fungi; the fungi which cause such decay. Milk''maid, m. A
woman employed in the dairy.
— v.t. [mildewed (-dud), -DEWING.] To taint with Milk'sop, n. A
piece of bread "sopped in milk' a
—
;

mildew. v.i. To become tainted with, etc. soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man. Milk'tooth,
Mile, mil, n. A
measure of distance 320 rods, or 5,280 = n. ; pi. -teexh. (Far.) The fore tooth of a foal,
feet: the Eng. geographical or nautical mile is l-60tli which is cast within 2 or 3 years. One of the decid-
of a degree of latitude, or about 6,079 feet; the Ger- uous or first set of teeth of a child. —
Milk^weed, ??.
man short mile is nearly 3.9 Eng. m.; the Ger. long A plant of several species, abounding in a milky
m. 5.75 Eng. m.; the Prussian and Danish m. about juice, and having its seeds attached to a long, silky
4.7 Eng. m. the Swedish m. about 6.625 Eng. m.
;
— down; silkweed. —
Milk''-tree, n. A
tree yielding
Mile'' age, Mileage, miKej, n. An allowance for a milky juice; esp. one in which this juice is fit
traveling, as so much by the mile. Mile'post, — for food, as the cow-tree of S. Am
e r. -^ Milk leg.
-stone, n. A
post or stone set to mark the space of a {Pathol.) A
swelling of the leg, usually in puer-

—
mile. —
MiKfoil, -foil, n. {Bot.) An herb yarrow. ; peral women, caused by inflammation of veins, and
Mill, n. An imaginary money of account of the having a white appearance due to an accumulation
U. S. =1-lOth of a cent, or l-1006th of $1. Millen'- — of serum or of pus in the cellular tissue. Milch, a. —
nium, -nT-um, ??,. 1,000 years, a word used to de- — Yielding milk, —
said only of beasts.
note the 1,000 years mentioned in Revelation xx., Mill. U. S. money. See under Mile.
during which Satan will be bound, and holiness tri- IHill, mil, 71. A
set-to; pugilistic encounter. v.t. To —
umph throughout the world. Millena^'rian, -rl-an, — beat.
a. Consisting of 1,000 years; pert, to the millennium. Mill, mil, n. An engine or machine for grinding any
— n. One who believes that Christ will personally substance, as grain, etc., also for transforming raw
reign on earth 1,000 years. Millenary, -na-rY, a.— material by mechanical processes into a condition for
Consisting of 1,000. n. —
Space of 1,000 years. — use; the building, with its machinery, where grind-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; to. Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 ; — —

MILLENNIUM 249 MINISTER

{Calico Print- burrow, tunnel, or hole, in the earth.— v. t. To dig
ing.) A
printing cylinder, of copper. v.i. [milled — away the foundation of, lay a mine under, sap, un-
(mild), MILLI>G.] To reduce to fine particles, grind, dermine; to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret
comminute; to pass through a machine or engine; means. —
Min''eral, mlu'er-al, n. Any natural inor-
to shape or finish by passing through a machine; to ganic substance having a definite chemical composi-
make a raised border or impression around the edges tion. —a. Pert, to, consisting of, or impregnated
of, or to cut fine grooves or indentations across the with, minerals. — Min'^eralist, n. One versed or
employed in minerals. — Min'eralize,
;

edges of; to stamp in a coining press, coin; to full v. [-ized

<cloth). —
High milling. Reduction of the grain to (-izd), -iziNG.] To make
mineral, reduce to a min-
t.

flour by a succession of crackings, or of slight and eral form, communicate the properties of a mineral
partial crushings, alternately with sifting and sort- —
to. V. i. To go on an excursion for observing and
mg the product, —
the method by which 2^eiu Pro-
i

\ collecting minerals. -Mineral'ogy, -jt, w. Science

cess or Haxall flour is obtained. m. Reduc- —iow of the properties of minerals, tlieir classification,
tion by a single crushing or grinding. Mill'stone, — i

—
etc. JCneraKogist, n. One versed in, etc. Min'- —
n. A stone for grinding grain. Mill'er, n. One
who keeps or attends a mill, esp. a grist-mill. (£«-
— i

eralog'ical, a. Pert, to mineralogy.

Minever, Miniver. Same as Menivee.
torn.) A moth, whose wings appear covered with Mingle, min'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To unite
powder, like a miller's clothes. in one body, mass, or compound; to blend; to mix
MlUenniiun, Milleped, Milligram, lAUUon, IVIillreis, i
confusedly, irregularly, or promiscuously; to unite
etc. See under Mile. in society or by ties of relationship; to deprive of
—
!

Millet, miKlet, n. A
grain-bearing grass of several purity by mixture to render impure.
; v i. To be
species, cultivated in the Orient for its seed and in mixed, be united.
Europe and Amer. as a forage plant. Mil'iajry, — i

Miniate, Miniattire. See under Minium.

-ya-rl, a. Like, or accompanied with an eruption Minikin, Minion. See under Mignon.
like, millet seeds. Minish, min'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.] To
Milliner, miKlI-ner, n. One who makes head-dresses,
bonnets, etc., for women.— Mil''lmer'y, -ngr'I, n.
lessen, diminish. —
Mon^ify, -1-fi, v. t. To make
small or smaller; to degrade, treat with contempt,
Articles dealt in by milliners. speak slightingly of, opp. to —
magnify. Min'now, —
Milt, milt, «. (Anat.) The spleen. -no, ?j. A very small fresh-
Milt, milt, n. The soft, white, spermatic glands of i,he water fish, of several spe-
male fish; soft roe; sperm of the male fish. v. t. To cies.— Mi ''nor, a. Inferior
impregnate (the roe or spawn of the female fish). in bulk, degree, impor- .^^BI^^SSE^Ev!
_^__
Mime, mim, n. A kind of farce in which real charac- tance, etc.; less; smaller;
ters were depicted; an actor in one.— Mimeograph, small; petty; unimportant.
m1m''e-o-graf, n. An autographic stencil copy- {Mus.) Less or lower by a Minnow,
ing device invented by Edison. Mim''ic, -ical, — semitone. —
7i. A person under age; a person under
a. Inclined to ape; imitative; consisting of, or authority of parents orguardians; in Eng. and U. S.,
—
formed in, imitation. Mim'ic, n. One who, etc. a one not yet 21 years of age; a Minorite, or Franciscan
—
mean or servile imitator. v. t. [mimicked (-ikt),
;

friar. {Logic.) The minor term, that is, the subject

-ICKING.] To imitate for sport, ridicule by imi- of the conclusion; also, the minor premise, that is,
tation, ape, counterfeit, mock. Mim'icker, n. — — that premise which contains the minor term: in hy-
Mim''icry, -ik-rt, n. Act or practice of, etc. — pothetical syllogisms, the categorical premise. —
Mimo'sa, -saor-za, n. A
genus of leguminous plants, Mi'norite, -\t,n. A Franciscan friar. Minor^ity, —
of many species, including the sensitive plant, &o — -nQr-'I-tl, n. State of being, or period during which
called fr. its imitating the sensibility of animal life. one is, a minor, or under age the smaller number. ;

Minaret, min'a-ret, n. {Arch.) slender, lofty tur-A — Mi'nus, a. Less requiring to be subtracted;
— ;

ret on or near a Mohammedan mosque, negative. Min'im, ru _JQ ^__

having one or more projecting balco- Anything very minute; -J(L f\>
nies, from which the people are sum- a smgle drop. {Mus.)
A \Z±L
moned to prayer. half note, equal in
'i I
w :s^
I

Minatoiy, min'a-to-rT, a. Threatening time to 2 quarter notes,

menacing. or crochets. Min''- — Minims.
Mince, mins, v. t. [minced (minst); imize, v. t. [-mized (-mizd), MiziNG.] To reduce
Mi>'ciXG.] To
cut into very small to the smallest part or proportion possible. Min'- —
pieces; to hash; to diminish in speak- imum, n. ; pi. -ma, -ma. The least quantity assign-
ing, extenuate to clip (words, or ex-
; able in a given case; smallest amount; lowest point
pressions). —
v. i. To walk with short or degree; a thing of small consequence; trifle.
steps, or to speak softly, with affected Min''uend, -u-end, n. {Anth.) The number from
nicety. —Mince'-pie, n. pie made A which another number is to be subtracted. Min''- —
with minced meat and other ingre- net, -u-et, n. A
slow, graceful dance a tune to reg-
^Mmaret.
;

dients baked in paste. -Min^'cingly, ulate the movements in the dance so called.
Of/;;. In a mincing manner; with af- /,. Minute', mY-nut', a. Very small, little, or slender;
fected c'.elicacy. slight; attentive to small things; fine; critical; ex-
Mind, mind, n. The
intellectual or rational faculty act; circumstantial; detailed. Minute'ly, adv. — —
in man the understanding the entire spiritual na-
; ; Minute'^ness, h.— Min'ute, min ''it, n. The 60th part
ture; soul; state of the faculties of thinking, willing, of an hour; 60 seconds. {Geom.) The 60th part of
choosing, etc.; as, opinion, sentiment, belief ; choice, a degree. A
note in writing to preserve the mem-
desire, purpose ; courage, spirit memory ; remem- ory of anything. v. t. —
To make a note of; to jot
• Lrance; recollection. —
;

v. t. To attend to; to notice, —

down. Min''utely, -it-lY, adv. Every minute rap-
—
mark, regard, obey. r. i. To be inclined, or dis- idly. —Minu'tia, -shY-a, n.; pi. -ti^, -shi-e.
;

A
posed; tomcline. —
Mind'^ed, a. Disposed; inclined. minute particular; the smallest detail.
— Mind'fal, -ful, a. Attentive; heedful; observant. Minister, min''is-ter, n. A
servant subordinate as- ;

Mine, min, a. Belonging to me; my, used, as a pro- — sistant of inferior rank one to whom is intrusted
;
;

nominal adjective, placed always in the predicate; the direction of affairs of state the representative ;

also, attributively, in the old style, before a noun of a sovereign or government at a foreign court; em-
beginning with a vowel, for mp; also as a possessive bassador; one who serves at the altar pastor of a
pronoun, ecjuivalent to of me, or, belonging to me; church; clergyman; parson; priest. v. t. [min- —
;

often used in the predicate standing for the noun to istered (-terd), -teeing.] To furnish, afford, sup-
which it belongs. ply, administer. v. i. —
To act as a servant, attend-
Mine, min, n. A
subterranean cavity or passage; esp. ant, or agent to serve in any office, sacred or secu-
;

a pit from which mineral substances are dug ; or lar; to afford supplies, give things needful, serve,
{Mil.')a cavity filled with powder, under a fortifica- oflaciato, administer, contribute. —
^Min''istry, -is-trT,
tion or other 'work, for blowing up the superstruc- n. Act of ministering ministration instrumen-
;

ture; a rich source of wealth or other good. v. i. — tality; office, duties, or functions of a minister; the
;

[mined (mind), mining.] To dig a mine; to form a body of ministers ; the clergy the ministers ol ;

Bun, cube, full ; moon, ffiOt •

cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 MINIUM 250 MISPICKEL
state: business; employment. Ministe''rial, -rt-al, — Mirk, merk, a. Dark; murkJ^ n. Darkness; gloom. —
a. Pert, to ministry, or to the performance of ser- — Mirk'y, -i,a. Dark; obscure. [See Murky.]
vice, or of executive office pert, to the office of a
;
Mirror. See under Miracle.
minister: executive, embassadorial, or sacerdotal; Mirth, merth, n. High excitement of pleasurable
official; clerical: priestly: ecclesiastical. — IVIiniste''- feelings in company noisy gayety merriment ;
— ;

rially, arfr. — Min'istrant, a. Performing service fun; frolic: festivity; jollity. "Mirth-'ful, -ful, a.
as a minister; acting under command. — Ministra'- Full of mirth merry jovial festive. IVXirth'^- —
— ; :

tion, «. Act of performing service; office of a fully, adv. Mirth'fulness, n. Mirth'less, a.

;

—
minister ecclesiastical function.
; Min'^strel, n. — Without mirth.
One of an order of men, in the middle ages, who Mirza, mer'^za, n. The common title of honor in
sang verses to the harp, etc.; a bard: singer; harper; Persia: appended to a name, it signifies prjnce.
a singer and musician, —
often applied esp. to one Misadventure, mis-ad-ven-'chur, n. An unfortunate
who performs at comic entertainments. Min''- — adventure; ill luck; accident; mishap; disaster.
. strelsy, -sT, 71. Arts and occupation of minstrels ;
Misalli'ance, -li-'ans, Me's'alliance', mez'al-le-axs'',
a collective body of minstrels, or of their songs. 11. Improper association; esp. a degrading marriage
Minium, min'I-um, n. A
pigment_of a beautiful red
.

connection with one of inferior social station. —

red lead.
color; —
Min ''late, -t-at, v. t. To paint Mischance '', -chans', n. Ill luck; accident; misfor-
or tinge with red lead or vermilion. Min'^iature, — tune calamitj;.
; Mis''chief, -chif, n. —
Evil pro-
-1-a-chur or -T-chvir, n. Orig. a painting in colors, duced or effected, whether with or without inten-
esp., aiid now exclusively, one on a reduced scale ; tion trivial evil or vexation, caused by thought-
;

henci?, reduced scale greatly diminished style or lessness, or in sport; troublesome or annoving act
form. —
a. On a small scale.
;

or conduct cause of trouble or vexation damage

Slink, mink, n. A
carnivorous and fish-eating quad- harm wrong-doing.
;
;

Mis'chievous, -chiv-us, a. — ; ;

ruped, allied to the weasel, iMaking mischief; inclined to do harm; hurtful; in-
which burrows near rivers or jurious noxious; destructive.
; Miscounf, v. t. —
ponds, and is an expert swim- and i. To count wrongly. n. An erroneous count- —
mer and diver its fine black ing or numbering. Mis'creant, -kre-ant, n. An —
fur.
;

infidel misbeliever a vile wretch scoundrel.

; ; :
—
Minne-singer. See under Mig- Misfea'sance, -fe'^zans, w. {Law.) A trespass; wrong
xox. •done; improper performance of a lawful act.
Minnow, Minor, etc. See under Mink. Misno'iner, n. {Law.} The mistaking of the true
Ml>"ISH. name of a person. wrong or inapplicable name A
Minster, min^'ster, n. The church of a monastery, or or title; a misapplied term. Misprize'', -prlz', v. t. —
one to which a monastery has been attached a ca- [-prized (-prizd''), -PRiziXG.] To slight, undervalue.
thedral church.
;

—
Mispris'ion, -prizh^un, n. {Law.) A high offense
Minstrel, etc. See under Minister. or misdemeanor, negative or positive passive con- ;

Mint, mint,??. The place where money is coined; place cealment of a crime or neglect to reveal it, as of
of invention, fabrication, or production unlimited treofoyi or felony ; a positive act to help cover a
supply. V. t.—To make by stamping, as money; to
;

crime, as dissuading a witness; maladministration;

coin; to invent, forge, fabricate, fashion. Minf- —
neglect, oversight, or mistake as of a clerk in —
age, -ej, ?i. That whieh is minted or coined; duty writing or keeping a record.
paid to the mint for coining. —
Mint'er, n. One Misanthrope, mis'an-throp, -an'thropist, -thro-pist,
who mints; a coiner; an inventor. Mint''-man, 11. ; n.— A hater of mankind. Misanthrop''ic, -ical, a. —
pi. -MEX. One skilled in coining, or in coins Hating mankind. Misan'thropy, -pi, n. Hatred —
coiner. —
mas'ter, n. Superintenaent of a mint;
one who invents.
a
or dislike of, etc.
of marriage.
;

Misog'amy, -mt, n. Hatred

Misog'amist, 71. One who, etc. —
—
Mint, mint, n. An aromatic plant of various species, Misog'yny, -soj''I-nI, 7^. Hatred of the female sex.
producing a pungent essential oil. Misog'ynist, ?i. A woman-hater. —
Minuend, Minus, Minute, etc. See under Mixisii. Misapply, Misapprehend, Misbegot, etc. See under
Minz, minks, n. A
pert, wanton girl; a she puppy; Miss.
lap-dog. Miscellaneous, mis-sel-la''ne-us, a. Mixed mingled ;
Miocene, mi^o-sen, a. (Geol.) Less recent, a term —
consisting of several kinds. Mis'cellany, -la-nt, n. — ;

applied t6 the middle division of the tertiary A

mass or mixture of various kinds; a medley;
strata. esp., a collection of compositions on various sub-
Miracle, mir''a-kl, n. A wonder or wonderful thing; esp. jects. Miscella''nea, -ne-a, n. pi. collection of — A
an event or effect contrary to the established constitu- miscellaneous matters. - IVIis 'cegena'^tion, -se-je-
tion and course of things; supernatural event: a spec- na^'shun, n. Amalgamation of races.
tacle or dramatic representation exhibiting the lives Mischance, Mischief, etc. See under Misadvextuee.
of the saints, —
called also a mira/:le-}ilcni. —
Mirac'- IMiser, mi'^zer, n. An avaricious or extremely covet-
Tilous, -rak-'u-lus, a. Of the nature of a miracle ous person; one who hoards money and lives mean-
performed by or exhibiting a supernatural power; ly a niggard.
;

Mi''serly, -It, a. Sordid avari- —

—
; ;

extraordinarily wonderful. Mirac'ulously, cHv.~ cious; parsimonious; stingy; mean. Mis'ery, -er-T, —
Mirage'', mT-razh'', n. An optical illusion arising n. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or
from an unequal refraction in the lower strata of mind evils which cause misery calamity mis- :

the atmosphere, and causing remote objects to be fortune; torture; agony; anguish; distress. Mis'-
; ;

—
seen double, inverted, suspended in air, approxi- erable, a. Very unhappy in a state of distress
mated, changed, or as if reflected in water. Mir''- —
causing misery very poor worthless despicable
; ;

r or, -rer ?i. , A abject; wretched. iMis'erably, adv. In a misera-

;

— ; ; ;

lo o kin g - glass; ble manner; unhappily; pitiably.— Mis'ere're, -re'-

that in w h i c h a re, 71. {Rom. Cath. Church.) The 51st psalm, which
true image may commences with this word. {Pathol.) The symptoms
be seen a pat-
; attending obstruction in the intestines iliac pas- ;

tern an exem- sion.

plar. —
;

V. t. [MIR- Misfeasance, etc. See under Misadvextuee.

E O E E D (-rerd), Mish-mash, mish''-mash, n. mingle or hotch- A
-EOEiNG.J To re- potch.
flect, as m
a mir- Mishna, mish-'na, n. The digest of the Jewish tra-
ror. ditional and ritual law, made in the 2d century,
Mire, mir, n. Earth which with the Gemara forms the Talmud.
so wet and soft Misle, etc. See under Mist.
as to yield to pres- Mirage, Misnomer, Misprize, Misprision. See under Misad-
sure; deep mud. v. t. —
[mired (mird), mieixg.] vextuee.
To plunge and fix in mire to soil or daub witli Misogamy, Misogyny, etc. See under Misaxthrope.
;

—
mud. Mir''y, -t, a. Abounding with, full of, or Mispickel, mis-pik'!, 71. {Ilin.) Arsenical iron py-
consisting of, etc. rites.

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end. eve. term : Tn, ice ; Odd. tone, 8r
 — — —

MISS 251 MISSILE

Miss, mis, w. Young woman or girl, used as a title — imdcrstand or to explain amiss. Mis'inter'preta"'- —
of address, prefixed to the name of an unmarried tion,(I. A
mistaken interpretation.
woman. —
Miss''y, -T, -ish, a. Like a miss or young — Misjoin"', v. t. To join unfitly or improperly. —
girl; affectedly fine. Mi^udge"', -jui"', v. t. To mistake in judging of.— r. i.

Miss, mis, r. t. [missed (mist), missixg.] fail of hit- To To err in judgnient, form false opinions. — Mis-
ting, reaching, obtainmg, seeing, finding, etc.: to do judgement, n. Wrong determination.
witliout, forego; to omit, pass hy; to discover the ab- — Mislay', r. ?. [-l.\id (-lad"'), -l.\yixg.] To lay in
sence of, feel the want of, mourn the loss of. v. i. — a wrong place, lay in a place not recollected, lose.
To fail to hit; not to succeed; to fail to obtain, learn, Mislead'', -led'', r. t. [-led, -leading.] To lead into
find, etc.; to mistake; err.— n. Afailure to hit, reach, a wrong way or path, lead astray, cause to mistake,
etc. ; loss ; want ; felt absence ; mistake ; error. — deceive, delude.— Mislead'er, n. Mislike'', r. t. or —
Mia'apply'^, v. t. To apply wrongly or to a wrong i. To dislike, have aversion to. n. Jjislike; disap- —
purpose. — Mis'apprehend', v. i. To misunder- probation; aversion.
stand. — Misap'prehen'sion, -shun, n. mistak- A — Misman''age, -man'ej, v. i. To behave or manage
ing wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of ill. — V. t. To manage ill, administer improperly. —
— —
;

a fact; miscotiception; mistake. Mis'appro'pria''- Mi8man''agement, n. — Misman'ager, v. Mis-

tion, n. Wrong appropriation. match"', -rnach', unsuitably.
v. t. To match
— Misbecome'^, -kum', To suit i-. t. ill ; not to befit — Misname"', r. t. To call by the wrong naine.
or become. — Misbegot'', -got''ten, p. a. Unlawfully — Mispell, Mispend. See Misspell, etc., below.
or irregularly begotten. — Misbehave'', v. i. To be- Misplace', -plas'', r. i. To put in a wrong place; to
have ill, conduct one's self improperly. Misbe- — set or plao« on an improper or unworthy object. —
hav'ior, -hav'^er, n. Improper, rude, or uncivil Misplace''ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. —
behavior; ill-conduct. Misbelief -lef, m. Errone- — , Misplead', -pled'', v. t. To err in pleading. Mis- —
ous belief false religion. Misbeliev'er, n. One — print'', v. f. To print wrong. n. An error in printing.
;

who believes wrongly, or holds a false religion. — IVIispronounce'', -nowns', r. i. and t. [-nounced
Misbestow', r. t. To"bestow improperly. (-nownst''), -NOUNCING.] To pronounce erroneously.
— MiscaKculate, -kal'ku-lat, v. t. To calculate er- — Mis'pronun'cia'tion, -sht-a'shun, n. Wrong pro-
roneously. —
IbIiscal'cula''tion, n. Erroneous calcu- nunciation. — Mis'propor''tion, To err in pro- v. t.

lation. — Miscall'', -kawK, v. t. To call bj' a wrong portioning one thing to another; to join without due
name, name improperly, abuse. — Miscar''riage, proportion.
-kar''rij, w. Unforturfate event of an undertaking; ^Misquote'', -kwot"', v. t. To quote erroneously.
failure improper behavior
expulsion of a fetus Misquota''tion, n. An erroneous quotation.
;

from the womb before it is viable; abortion. Mis-

;

— — Misrecite', -sit'', v. t. To recite erroneously.

car''ry, -kar'rf, r. i. To fail of the intended effect; Misrecit'al, n. An inaccurate recital. Misreck"''on, —
to fait to reach its destination; to bring forth young -rek"'n, i\ t. To reckon or compute wrongly. Mis- —
before the proper time. —Misconceive, -kon-sev', v. reck'oning, n. Au erroneous computation. Mis- —
t. or I. To conceive wrongly; interpret incorrectly; rep"'resent"', v. t. To represent falselj- or incorrect-
mjsapprehend; misjudge; mistake. Misconceit'', — ly. —
V. i- To make an incorrect representation. —
-sef, Miseoncep''tion, n. Erroneous conception ; Misrep'resenta''tion, n. Act of giving a false repre-
false opinion; mistake. —.Miscon''duet, n. Wrong sentation incorrect account given, from mistake,
conduct; ill behavior; misdemeanor; mismanage-
;

carelessness, or malice. —
Misrep'resent''er, n. —
ment. —
Misconduct''. V. t. To conduct amiss; mis- Misrule"', -rooK, n. Disorder confusion tumult ; ;

manage.— ]VIiscon''strue, -kon''stroo, v. t. To con- from insubordination; unjust domination.

strue wrongly interpret erroneously.
; Mis'con- — — Misshape'', -shap"', v. t. To shape ill, deform.—
struc'tion. n. Wrong interpretation of words or Misspell''. V. t. To spell wrong, write with wrong
things. —
Mlseoiin''sel, -kown-'sel, v. t. To counsel letters. —Misspell "'ing, n. wrong spelling false A
wrongly. —
Miscue', -ku'', v. i. To fail to strike the orthographj'. —
Misspend"', v. t. To spend amiss,
;

ball properly with the cue at billiards. n. An in- — squander.— Misstate'', i\ t. and ?. To state wrongly,
effectual stroke with the cue.
— Misdate', n. A wrong date.— v. t. To date errone-
falsify. — Misstate"'ment, n. Incorrect statement.
Misstep'', n. A
wrong or false step.
ously. —
Misdeed'', n. An evil deed; wicked action; — Mistake"', -tak', r. t. To take wrongly, misun-
offense; transgression; crime. —Misdeem'', r. t. To derstand, misapprehend, or misconceive to mis- :

judge erroneously, misjudge. Misdemean'', -de- — choose, misjudge; to take one person or thing to be
men'', V. t. To behave ill. Misdemean''or, -men'- — another, confoimd. —
v. i. To err in opinion or judg-
er, ». m
behavior evil conduct. (Law.) Any
crime less than a felony.
;

—
ment. —
71. A
taking or apprehending wrongly; a
Misdirect"', -dT-rekt'*', fault in opinion, judgment, or conduct: a miscon-
V. t. To give a wrong direction to to direct to a : ception; blunder; error; bull. To be mistaken. To —
wrong person or place. Misdirec''tion, n. Act of — be misapprehended or misunderstood; to be taken
directing wrongly. (Lav).) An error of a judge in or_led astray; to err; to misapprehend. Mistak"'en, —
charging the jury.— Misdo'', -doo'', v. t. [-did, -done, -tak'n,p. a. Guilty of a mistake: in error; errone-
-DOING. 1 To do wrongly. ?'. i. To do wrong, com- — ous; incorrect; wrong. —
Mistak''enly, adv. By mis-
mit a fault or crime. Misdo'ing, n. wrong — A take. —
Mistak"'er. «.— Mistak''able, a. Liable to be
done, fault, offense.
—
—
mistaken. Mistime"', -tlm'', v. t. To time wrongly,
—
Misemploy', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to not adapt to the time. v. i. To neglect the proper
a bad purpose to use amiss. Misemploy''ment, n. — time. — —
Misti"'tle, -tl, v. t. To call by a wrong title
Ill employment.
;

—
Misen''try, -en''trT, n. An er- or name. Mistri''al, n. (Lniv.) false or errone- A
roneous entry or charge, as of an account. ous trial. — Mistrust"', n. Want of confidence or
— Misfit"', «. A bad tit: a bad match. — Misform'', trust; suspicion. v. t. —
To regard with jealousy or
V. t. To put into an ill shape. Misfort''une, -f6r- — suspicion, suspect, doubt; to anticipate as near or
chun, >i. Ill fortune; ill luck; accident; calamity; likely to occur to surmise. ; —
Mistrusfful, -ful, a.
mishap: harm; disaster. Suspicious: wanting confidence. —Mistrust"'fully,
— Misgive'', -giv', v. t. To fill with doubt and appre- adv. —
Mistrust''fulneBS, n. Mistune'', -ton"', v.t. —
hension, deprive of confidence; tofail.— Misgiv'ing, To tune wrongly or erroneously. MiBtu''tor, v. t. —
n. A failure of confidence; distrust; doubt. Mis- — To instruct amiss.
got''ten, a. Unjustly obtained.— Misgov'ern, -guv'- — Misun'derstand"', t'. i. To misconceive, mistake,
ern, v. t. To govern ill, administer unfaithfully. take in a wrong sense. —
Migun'derstand"'ing, n.
Misgov'ernment, n. Ill administration of public or ISIistake of meaning; error; misconception; disagree-
private affairs; irreo:ularity; disorder. Misguid''- — ment; difference; slight quarrel.— Misuse"', -uz'',w. t.
ance, -gld"'ans, n. Wrong direction or guidance. — To use improperlj\ treat ill, maltreat, abuse, misem-
Misguide'', v. t. To direct ill, lead into error. ploy, misapply. -^Misus'age, -uz''ej, n. Ill usage;
— Mishap'', 71. Ill chance; accident; calamity; mis- abuse.— Misuse'', -us'', n. Wrong application or use-,
chance. —
Mishear"', v. i. To mistake in hearing. misapplication abuse.
— Misinform"', v. t. To give erroneous information
;

Missal, mis'sal, n. The Roman Catholic mass-book.

to. —
IiIisin'forma''tion, n. Wrong information.
,

— Misseltoe. See Mistletoe,

Misinter"'pret, v. i. To interpret erroneously to ; MissUe, mis'sil, a. Capable of being thrown, hurled,

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 MIST 252 MODE
or projected. n. A
projectile weapon, as a lance, covering for the hand for warmth, etc., in which the
arrow, or buUet, with which one may strike an ob- fingers are not separated.
ject at a distance. —
Mis^sion, mish-'un, n. Act of Mittimus. See under Missile.
sending, or state of being sent; commission: errand; Mix, miks, V. i. [mixed, less prop, mixt; mixing.] To
duty on which one is sent; persons sent; delegation; unite or blend 2 or more ingredients into one mass
embassy a station, residence, or organization, of
; or compound, as by stirring together to unite with
missionaries. —
Mis'sionary, -er-i:, n. One sent upon in company, join, associate; to produce by the stir-
;

amission; esp., one sent to propagate religion. a. — ring together of ingredients, mingle to confuse,
Pert, to missions. —
Mis'^sive, -siv, a. Intended to disarrange, confound. v. i. —
To become united or
:

be sent; prepared for sending out; sent by authority blended promiscuously; to be joined, associate.—
of some person or society; intended to be thrown or Mixt'ure, miks'chiir, ?i. Art of mLxing, or state of
hurled; missile.
—
—
w. That which is sent; a message; being mixed; that which is mixed; an ingredient en-
letter. Mit'timus, -tt-mus, n. (Law.) warrant A tering into a mixed mass; admixture; intermixture;
of commitment to prison. medley.— Mix'tilin'^eal, -ear, a. Containing, or con-
Mist, mist, Mis'le, Mis'' tie, miz''l, Miz'^zle, miz-'zl, n. sisting of, lines of different kinds, as straight, curved,
Visible watery vapor at or near the surface of the etc.
eaith fog coarse, watery vapor, approaching the Mizzen, miz''zn, a. {Naut.) Hindmost; nearest the
; ;

form of rain anything wMch dims or darkens. — stern. —n. The hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails
;

V. t. To cloud, cover with mist. v.i. [misted, — of a vessel; the spanker sail. See Sail and Ship.
MISTING; —MIZZLED (-Id), -LING; MIS'TLED (miz''- — Mizzle,V. i. See under Mist. '

Id), -LING;
drops. — — Miz'zLED, -ZLiNG,] To rain in verj' fine
Mist-'y, -I, Mis'ly, miz'll, Miz'zly, -zlr, a.
Mnemonic, ne-mon''ik, -ical, a. Assisting the memory.
— Miiemon''ics, n. The art of memory; a system of
Overspread with, attended by, or obscured as if by, rules to assist the memory.
mist; raining in fine drops. Mist'iness, n. — Moan, mon, v. t. [moaned (mond), moaning.] To
IMister, mis''ter, abbr. iu bewail with an audible voice, lament, deplore. v. —
writing to Mr., n. Sir ;
— i. To make a low, dull sound of grief or pain. a. —
master, a title of any Audible expression of sorrow or suffering; a low,
adult male. dull sound, like that of one in grief or pain.
Mistletoe, Misletoe, miz'l- Moat, mot, n. {Fort.) A deep trench round the ram-
to, 71. A
parasitic ever- part of a fortified place; a ditch. v. t. To surround —
green shrub, bearing a with a ditch for defense. See Castle.
glutinous berry the :
Mob, mob, w. A disorderly crowd; collection of peo-
sacred plant of the Dru- ple for some riotous and unlawful purpose; popu-
ids. lace. ~v. t. [mobbed (mobd), -bing.] To attack in
Mis'tress, mis'tres, n. A a disorderly crovtd.— Moboc'racy, -ra-sT, n. Rule or
woman who exercises au- ascendency of the mob. —
Mo^bile, -bil, a. Capable
thority, is chief, etc. the ;
of being moved, aroused, or excited movable
female head of a family, changeaiDle; fickle. —
Mobility, -t-W, m. Quality of
; ;

school, etc. a ; woman being mobile; capacity for motion; susceptibility of

well skilled in anything, .. being moved, aroused, excited, etc.; activity; fickle-
or having the mastery Mistletoe,
over it; a beloved object; sweetheart; a paramour;
ness. — Mob''ilize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.]
— To
put in a state of readiness for active service, said
—
concubine. Madam, a title or term of address, now of troops, enrolled, but not previously on the war
— Mob''iliza''tion, n.
written Mrs. and pron. missis. establishment. Act of, or state
Mistrust, Mistime, Misuse, etc. See under Miss. of being, etc.
Mite, mat, w. Anything very small; a minute object; Mob-cap, mob'kap, n. A plain cap or head-dress; esp.,
very small quantity; very small coin. one tying under the chin by a very broad band,
Mite, mtt, n. A
minute animal, allied to the spider, generally of the same material as the cap itself.
of several varieties, having jaws, which distinguish Moccasin, mok^'ka-sin, n. A shoe of the N. Amer. In-
it from the ticks. —
Mit'^y, -X, a. Abounding with dians, made wholly (including the sole) of deer-
mites. skin or soft leather. (Zool.) A poisonous water ser-
Miter, -tre, mi'ter, w. A
covering for the head, worn pent of the U. S.; also a highland species.
by bishops, cardinals, etc. Mocha, mo''ka, n. An Abyssinian weight ^1 Troy
(Arch.) The joint formed by grain; a kind of coffee fr. Mocha, in Arabia.
the ends of 2 pieces (of mold- Mock, mok, v. t. [mocked (mokt), mocking.] To im-
ing, etc.), each cut off at an itate in contempt or derision: to treat with scorn or
angle, and matching together. contempt; to disappoint the hopes of; to deride, rid-
— V. i. [MITERED or MITRED icule, taunt, jeer. —
v. i. To make sport in contempt
f-terd),MITERINGO/-MITKING.] — Ridicule; derision; sneer;
or in jest, gibe, jeer. ?i.
(Arch.) To meet and match mockery. — a. Imitating reality, but not real; false.
together, on a line bisecting — Mock^ery, -er-T, n. Act of mocking; derision;
theangle of junction, esp. ridicule; counterfeit appearance; vain imitation or
when at a right angle. — v. i. effort. — Mock'ing-bird, n. A singing-bird of N.
To adorn with a miter ; to ,.. Amer., which imitates the notes of other birds and
cut the ends of 2 pieces oblique- Mitre. many other sounds.
ly and join them at an angle. Mi'tral, a. Pert, to Mode, mod, n. Manner of existing or being; prevail-
or like, etc., — ing popular custom variety; padation degree;
^
; ;

said esp. (^na<.) method; fashion; way; style. {Metaph.) Condition,

of the mitral •or state of being; form, — opp. to waiter. {Logic.)
valves of the left The form which the proposition connects the
in
ventricle of the predicate and subject, whether by simple, contin-
heart: see gent, or necessary assertion. {Gram.) A form in
Heart. L the inflection of a verb indicating the manner in
Mitigate, mit'T- which the action or state is presented, as certain,
gat, V. t. To al- Miter Joints. contingent, etc. mood. {Mvs.) The arrangement
leviate (suffering, etc.); tomake less rigorous, soften of the intervals in a scale.
;

Mod''ish, mod''ish, a.—

in severity or harshness; temper; to render more tol- According to the mode; conformed to the extreme
erable; to reduce a penalty in amount or severity; fashion. —
Mod'ist, n. One who follows the fashion.
assuage. —Mifiga'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to, etc. — Modiste'', -dest'', n. A milliner; dressmaker; pur-
Mit''iga'tion, ?i. Act of, or state of being, etc. veyor of fashions. —
Mod'el, mSd-'el, n. Standard;
MitrailleuBe, me-tra-yez'', n. machine-gun, havingA pattern; example; something to be copied; a mold;
37 parallel breech-loading barrels, which may be a representation; facsimile; a copy, as of a statue or
fired at once or in quick succession. bust; a representation of a machine or structure on
Mitt, mit, n. A
mitten; also, a covering for the wrist a reduced scale. v. t. —
[modeled (-eld), -eling.]
and hand and not for the fingers. Mit'ten, n> A To plan or form after a pattern; to form in model,
anr, fame, far, pa«s or opera, fare ; Bnd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 — — ,

MOGUL 253 MONAD

or propose a model for. —
v. {Fine Arts.) To make
i. I soil. —
Mold'er, Mould''er, v. i. To turn to dust hy
a pattern from which some work to be executed. is natural decay: to crumble, perish, waste away grad-
— Mod'eler, n. One who models; a worker in plas- ually. —
r. t. To turn to dust, crumble, waste.
tic art. — Mod'eling, n. {Fine Arts.) Act or art of Mold,'Moald, mold, 7i. A vegetable or fungous growth.,,
making a model from which a work of art to be is often like down, upon decaying food or articles that
executed. — Mod^ulate, -u-lat, v. To form (sound) t. lie long in warm and damp'airT
—
v. t. To cause to- —
to a certain key or proportion to vary or inflect in a
; contract mold. v. i. To become moldy. MoWy, —
natural, customary, or musical manner. — r.i. (Mus.) Mould'y, -T, «^ OverL'rown witli mold; fusty.
To pass from one key into another. — Modula'tion, Mold. Moidd. mold, n. The matrix in which anything
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.: sound modulated; is cast: anything which —^— —
melody. ( j/«s.) Manner of ascertaining and manag-
ing the modes; a passing from one keyto another.—
serves to regulate size,
form, etc.; cast; shape;
^
ModilKion, -yun, n. character. —
v.t. To form
(Ai-ch.) The enriched into a particular shape,
bracket generally model, fashion. — MoW-
found under the cor- ing, Moixld'ing, n. Any-
nice of the Corinthian thing cast in a mold, or
entablature, — so called which appears to be so.
fr. its arrangement at (Arch.) grooved orA
regulated distances. Modillion. swelling "band or projec-
Mod^'erate, -er-at, a. tion, or an assemblage of Molding:
Kept within due bounds; obser^'ing reasonable lim- such, upon a wail, col- astragal o b,
c, cy-
its; not excessive, extreme, violent, or rigorous; re- umn, wainscot, etc. matiutn
;

d. cavetto ; e,
strained. —
V. t. To restrain from excess, keep with- Mole, mol, n. A" spot, mark, Scotia,
;

or
oasc-inent ; /,
in bounds, lessen, allay, repress, temper, qualify; to or small permanent pro- apophyges g^ ovolo, or
regulate, mitigate, abate, still, pacify, quiet. r.i. — tuberance on the human
;

quarter round; h. torus ; i,

To become less violent, severe, rigorous, or intense; body. _ reeding ;y, band.
to abate.— Modera'tion, n. Act of moderating; state Moie,''mol, >!. A mass of fleshy matter generated in.
or quality of being moderate; freedom from excess; the uterus.
calmness of mind; equanimity. Mod'ern, a. Pert, — Mole, mol, n. A mound, pier, jetty, or massive work
to the present time, or time not long past; late; re- formed of masonry, etc., laid in' the sea, extended
cent: new; novel. n. — A
person of modern times. before a port, to defend it from the waves: a break-
Mod'ernize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To cause water; the harbor itself — MoKecule, moKe-kul, M.
to conform to recent or present usage or taste. — A very small particle of matter; one of the element-
.

Mod''est, a. Restrained within due limits of propri- ary particles of any substance. Molec'ular, a. —
ety or decency; observing the proprieties of the sex: Pert, to, consisting of, or re-
free from familiarity, indecency', or lewdness, said — siding in, molecules. — Mo-
of a woman; evincing modest5' in the actor or au- lest'', V. t. To trouble, ren-
thor; not boastful, presumptuous, or arrogant; re- der uneasy, disturb, anno^
served; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy;, vex, tease. —
MoFesta'tion, 'k
decent; chaste; virtuous. —
Mod''esty, -I, n. Quality n. Act of, or state of being, .^^
of being modest; absence of self-confidence, arro- etc.
gance, and presumption, or of unwomanly or inde- Mole, mol, n. {Zool.) A small
cent bearing or conduct; puritj' of manners; humil- subterranean insect-eating
ity; diffidence; shj'ness. —
Mod^icum, -I-kum, ». A mammal, with minute eyes
Afole
little; a small quantity.— Mod'ify, -1-fi, v. t. [-fied andvery soft fur. — v.t. [moled (mold), moltxg.].
(-fid), -FYIXG.] To change the form or external To form holes in, as a mole; to burrow, excavate.
g^ualities of: to give a new form to, vary, alter, qual- Molecule, Molest, etc. See under Mole, a mound.
ify. — Mod'ifica'tion, H. Act of modifying; partic- MoUient, mol'll-ent or -vent, o. Serving to soften;
ufar form or manner; modified shape or condition. assuaging; emollient. —
Mol'lify, -iT-fi, r. f. [-fied
Mogul, mo-guK, n. A
person of Mongolian race. (-fid), -FYiXG.] To make soft or tender; to assuage
Great Mogul. The sovereign of the empire founded (pain or irritation) to appease (excited feeling or
;

in Hindostan by the Mongol Tartars in the l(jth cen- passion), pacify; to reduce in harshness or asperity.
tury. — MoKlusk, n. A boneless animal, having a soft,
Mohair, mo'har, n. The long, silky hair of the Angora fleshy body, inhabiting a univalve or bivalve shell,.
goat, of Asia Minor; a fabric made from it. or clothed onh' with a membranous mantle.
Mohammedan, mo-ham''med-an, a. Pert, to Moham- Molt, Moult, molt, V. i. To shed or cast the hair,
med or Mahomet, or to the religion founded by him.
— feathers, skin, horns, etc. v. t. To cast (the hair, —
n. A
follower of, or believer in, etc. — Mohain'me- skin, etc.) to shed. ;

danism, -medism, -izm, n. The religion, or. doctrines Molten: see Melt.
and precepts, of Moliammed, contained in the Ko- Molybdena, mol-ib-de-'na, Molyti'denite, -nit, n. (Jh'n.y
ran: Islamism. —
Moham'^medanize, -medizo, v. t. To An ore of dark lead color, occurring in flexible 1am-
make conformable to, etc. inse, like plumbago sulphuret of molybdenum.
A gold coin of Portugal = about
:

Moidore, moi''dor, n. Mome. mom, n. A dull, silent person; stupid fellow;

stock.
Moiety, moi'e-tT, n. One of 2 equal parts; the half. Moment, mo'^ment, n. A minute portion of time ; an
Moil, moil, v. t. [moiled (moild), moijlixg.] To daub, instant; impulsive power; momentum: importance
—
make dirty, soil, defile. v. i. To work with pain- in influence or effect; an essential element: a decid-
ful effort;'to labor, toil, drudge. ing point, fact, or consideration.— Mo'^mentary, -a-rT,
Moire, mw6r, n. A clouded or mottled appearance on a. Done in a moment continuing onlj' a moment.
— Mo''mentarily, -a-rl-lT, n'lv.
;

metallic or textile fabrics; watered or clouded silk. Every moment; from

Moist, moist, a. Moderately wet; damp; humid. moment to moment. — Mo''mentariness, n. Mo'- —
Moist'en, mois'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -exixg.] To mently. adr. For a moment in a moment every
—
; ;

make damp, wet slightly, soften.— Moist'^ure, mois''- moment. Moment'ous, -us, a. Of moment or con-
chur, H. A
moderate degree of wetness; dampness; sequence important: weighty.
: Moment'' ousness, —
that which makes damp or wet. 71.— Momen'tum, w. L. pl.-TA F. pi. -tums. (3lech.)
,• :

Molar, mo''lar, n. A
grinding tooth; double tooth: see Tlie amount of force in a moving body, being always
Tooth. — Mo'lar, -lary, -la-rl, a. Having power to proportioned to the quantity of matter multiplied
grind; grinding. into the velocity impetus "essential or constituent
; ;

Molasses, mo-las''sez, 7i. f:i?ig. The viscid, uncrystal- element. [L.]

lizable sirup which drains from sugar, in the process Monachal, etc. See under Mox'ad.
of manufacture. Monad, mon''ad, n. An ultimate atom, or simple, un-
Mold, Mould, mold, n. Fine, soft earth, or earth easi- extended point; an indivisible thiii^. (Zobl.) One of
h- pulverized; the earthy material, or the matter of the simplest kind of minute animalcules. (Chem.y
which anything is f ornied. — v. t. To cover with One of the elements (hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine.
stin, cube, full ; moon., fdtit ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, then. hoxboN. chair, get.
 MONAD 254 MONKEY
bromine, iodine, potassium, sodium, and lithium) vowel sound; a vowel digraph. Moii'ophthoii''gal, —
which can combine with, be exchanjred for, or be re- -thon^gal, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, etc. Mo- —
placed by one atom of hydrogen. Monan^drian, — noph'ysite, -nof'I-sit, n. (Eccl. Hut.) One of an
-nan'drlt-an, -droUB. -drus", o. (hot.) ancient sect who maintained that the human and
Having but one stamen. — Mon'arcli, divine in Jesus Christ constituted but 1 nature.—
-ark, n. A sole ruler ; autocrat ; sov- Monop'oly, -o-lt, n. An exclusive right, privilege,
ereign emperor, king, prince, or
; or power of dealing in any species of goods, or of
one superior to all others of the
cliief; dealing with a country or market. -Monop'olist,
same kind.— Monarch'' al, -ial, a. Pert, -oliz'er, -o-liz'er, n. , One monopolizes. who — Mo-
to, or suiting, a monarch sovereign ; ; nop'olize, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -lizixg.] To get
regal; imperial.— Monarch''ic,-ieal, a. possession of the whole of (a commodity); to appro-
A ested in a single ruler; pert, to mon- priate or control the exclusive sale of ; to obtain the
archy or a monarch. Mon''areliism, n. — exclusive right of, esp. the right of trading to any
The principles of monarchy; love or place, or with any countr3^ or district; to engross tlie
preference of, etc. Mon'archist, n. — whole of —
Monop'teral, a. (Aic/i.) With but 1
—
An advocate of, etc. Mon'archy, -I, Monandrous wing, — .

applied to a temple or circular inclosure of

n. A state or government in wJiich Plant. columns without a cell. —
Mon'osyl'lable, -siHa-bl,
the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a mon- n. A word of 1 sj'Uable. Mon'osyllab'ic, a. Con-—
arch; territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom; sisting of 1 syllable consisting ot words of 1 sylla-
—
;

empire. Mon'astery, mon''as-ter'I or mon^as-trl, ble. — Mon'^othe'lsm, -the'izm, n. The doctrine or

n. A house of religious retirement, esp. for monks; belief that there is but 1 God. Mon''otone, -o-ton, —
convent; nunnery; abbey; priory. Monas^tic, h. — 11. (Jfws.) A single unvaried tone or sound. (li/tet.j
—
Amonk. Mcnas'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to monaster- The utterance of successive syllables in 1 unvaried
—
ies, or to their occupants, rules, etc.; secluded from key or line of pitch. Monot'^inous, -o-nus, a. Ut-
the temporal concerns of life recluse. Monas'ti- ; — tered in 1 unvarying tone or key continued with
— ;

—
cism, -tl-sizm, n. The monastic life, system, or con- dull uniformity. Monot'onously, adi-. Monof-
dition. —Mon'^achal, -arkal, a. Pert, to monks or a onousness, -ony, -o-nl, n. Absence of variety, as in
monastic liie monastic. —
Moii'^acliisin, -a-kizm, n. speaking or singing an irksome sameness or want
;

The system and influences of a monastic life. — of variety.

;

Monk, munk, n. One of a male community inhab- Monday, niun^dT, n. The 2d day of the week.
iting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of Money, mun'T, n.; pi. -ey.s, -iz. Coin; stamped metal
celibacy and religious exercises; a religious recluse used as the medium of commerce; any currency
or hermit. —
Moni'ery, -er-I, n. The life of monks; usually and lawfully employed in buying and sell-
monastic life, usage, or customs. Monk''ish, a. — ing cash wealth. : —
Mon''etary, -e-ter-T, a. Pert,
— —
;

Like, or pert, to, etc. Mon'ocar'pous, -kar^pus, «. to or consisting in money pecuniary. Monkeyed,
;

{Hot.) Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fruc- -id, a. Rich in, having, consisting in, or composed
tification, as wheat. —
Mon'oclirome^ -o-krom, n. A of, monej'. —
Mon'eyer, -I-er, n. (Coinage.) re- A
painting with a single color. Mon'och.romat''ic, — sponsible' and authorized manufacturer of coin. —
-kro-mat'ik, a. Consisting of 1 color, or presenting Mon'ey-or'der, n. An order for a sum of monej',
rays of light of 1 color only. Monoc'^ular, -ulous, — issued by a post-oflace to which payment has been
-u-lus, a. Having 1 eye only adapted .to be used ; made, and payable by another office. Mon''etize, —
with only 1 eye at a time. Mon'ocule, -kul, n. — -e-tiz, V. t. [-TIZED (-tizd), -TIZIXG-] To convert into
(Entom.) An msectwith only 1 eye. Mon'odac'- — money, adopt as current money, give an established
tylous, -dak'til-us, a. Having but 1 finger or toe. value to.
— Mon^'ody, -o-dt, n. A mournful poem, in which Monger, mun'ger, trader; dealer, — now used
n. A
a single mourner expresses lamentation. Monog'- — chiefly in composition. — To deal in, niake r. f.

amy, -a-mt, n. Union of 1 male with 1 female; prac- merchandise of, traffic in. — Mon'grel, mun'grel, a.
tice or state of having only 1 husband, wife, or mate —
Of a mixed breed hj'brid. n. An animal of a
at a time, —
opp. to bigamy and polygamy also the ; mixed lireed
;

one of no definite breed or without

;

state of such as may not marry again after the death pedigree.
of a first wife. —
Monog'^amist, n. One who holds to Mongoose. See Mungoose.
monogamy, as opp. to polygamy, etc. one who dis- ; Monition, mo-nish''un, n. Instruction given by way of
allows second marriages. —Mon'ogam'^ic, a. Pert,
—
caution; warning; information; notice. Mon'itive, — —
to, or involving, monogamj'. Monogen''eBis, -jen''- -T-tiv, a. Conveying admo:iition admonitory.
e-sis, -nog^eny, -noj'^e-ni, n. Unity of origin, esp. — Mon'itor, w. One who warns, advises, cautions, in-
;

the theory that all mankind has a common origin, structs, or admonishes a pupil selected to look to
opp. to fjolyatneris or polygeny. Mon'ogram, n. — A
;

the scholars in the absence of an instructor, or to in-

character or cipher composed of 1, 2, or more letters, struct a di^dsion or class. (Naut.) An ironclad war
interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name. vessel, having its guns in a revolving turret, this —
Mon'ograph, -graf n. A treatise upon or description
, having been the name of the first vessel of the kind.
of a single thing, or a single branch of a subject. — Mon'ito'rial, -i-to'rT-al, a. Pert, to, performed by,
Mon'ograph'io, -ical, a. Drawn in lines without conducted or taught bj% or communicated by, mon-
colors; pert, to a monojcraph.— Monog'rapliy, -ra-fT, itors. —
Mon'itory, -to-rT, a. Giving admonition ;

n. A representation by lines only; an outline draw- warning.

ing a mere sketch a monograph. — Mon'olitl;, n.
; ; Monk. etc. See under Moxad.
A pillar, column, etc., consistinp: of a sinjrle stone. Monkey, munk'T, ?;. ; pi. -eys, -iz. One of an order
— Mon'ologue. -log, n. A speech uttered by a per- of 4-handed mamm.als, having pectoral mammae,
son alone soliloquy a poem, !=ong, or scene com-
; short legs with hand-shaped prehensile feet, usual-
posed for a single performer. — Mon'oma^'nia, -nt-a,
;

ly, long arms with clasping hands, and almost al-

n. Derangement of a single faculty of the mind, or waj's a pre- ^<.
with regard to a particular subject only. — Mon'o- hensile tail,
v*S^^I
ma^niac, w. One .-affected by mono- — sometimes »a^tav\
mania. — Affected with, etc.—
(I. a p p 1 ie d to
Mono'inial, -no'mT-al, )*. (AJg.) A apes and ba-
single algebraic expression that is, : boons; a
an expression unconnected with any name of con-
other by the signs of addition, sub- tempt, or of
traction, equalit.v, or inequality. — slight kind-
Monop'^athy, -a-tht, ?i. Solitary'suf- n e ss the Heads of Monkej's.
f ering or sensibility. Mon'opet'a- — ;

hammer of a Simiadre; Cebidae.

lous, -a-lus, u. (Boi.) Having only 1 p i I e-d river.
1, 2,

petal, or the corolla in 1 piece, or com- — Monk'eyism, -T-izm, n. Conduct of a monkey;

posed of petals cohering so as to form ^'ionopetalous resemblance to a monkey in disposition or ac-
a t u b e. —
Mon'ophthong, mon'of- 'J/ (^aiuopet- tions. — Monk''ey-jack'et, n. A tailless, close-fitting
. thong, 71. A single uncompounded aiousi lower. jacket. — rail, H. (Xaut.) A second and lighter rail
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Tce^ ^dd, tone, or

^
 - — : — —
;

MONOCARPOUS 255 MORAL

raised about
lilt
above the quarter-rail
G inches pr-r—ter;
U aia
out substance or reality. —
Btru«k, a. Affected by
the influence of the moon lunatic.
kl J—
;

of a ship. --wrench, n. Moor, moor, ji. An extensive waste covered with

A wrench or buanner lILi
heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes
having a movable jaw. Monkey-wrench. marsliy and abounding in peat; a heath; fen.
Monocarpous Monody, Monogram, etc. See under Moor'^sli. a. Having the character of a moor
MoXAl).
Monseigneur, mawx-sa-nj-er'', »i. ; jj?. Messeigxeurs,
; ;
—
marshy fenny watery. Moor^y, -T, a. Of, pert,
nia-sa-nyer''. My lord; your grace or hi^liness,
to, or like, moors; boggy. —Morass'', -ras', n. A
tract of_soft, wet ground; marsh; swamp; bog; fen.
title of a person of high rank. — Monsietir, nio-sye'', Moor, moor, n. One of a swarthy Mohammedan race,
n.; Messieurs, ma-sye'.
]jI. Sir, or Mr. — title of once masters of Spain,
civility to persons addressed in speech or writing but expelled in 10th
/ it is used specifically of princes of the French blood- cent., and now found
/ royal; a Frenchman, — in contempt or ridicule. in the towns of N. and
Monsoon, mon-soou', n. A wind alternating with the N.W. Af rica.—Moor'-
seasons, esp. a wind in the Indian Ocean, blowing ish, a. Pert, to Moroc-
from the S.-W. from April to Oct., and from the X.- co or the Moors. Mo- —
E. during the other half of the year. resque', -resk'', Mau-
Monster, monaster, n. Something'of unnatural size, resque', maw-resk',
shape, or quality; a prodigy; an unnatural produc- Moris'co, «. Done
tion an animal or plant departing from the usual
; alter the^manner of
type any thing or person horrible from ugliness,
; the Moors. — n. A
deformity, wicKcdness, or power to harm. ^Mon'- species of ornamen-
strous, -strus. a. Having the qualities of a monster; tation upon flat sur- Moorish Archway,
deviating greatly from the natural form; abnormal; faces, used by the floors, painted, inlaid in mosaic,
enormous; extraordinary; marvelous; shocking to or carved in low relief; arabesque, q. v. —
the sight or other senses:' horrible; dreadful. adv. — Moris-'co,
Mo'risk, n. One of the Moors in Spain the :Moor-
Exceedingly very much. Monstros'Ity, -stros'-
; — ish language a Moorish dance, now called Morris-
;
;

T-tl, n. State of being monstrous; an unnatural pro-

duction that which is monstrous. Mon''strance, — dance one who dances it.
; —
Moroc'co, n. A line
;
kind of leather, prop, made of goatskin and tanned
-strans, n. (Honi. Cath. Church.)
A transparent pyx, in which the
with sumach, dyed, and grained, said to have —
origina_ted with the Moors.
consecrated water or host is held Moor, moor, v. t. [jioored (moord), moorixg.] (_Naut.)
up to view before the congrega- To confine (a ship) by cables and anchors; to secure,
tion. fix firmly.— V. i. To be confined bv cables or chains.
Montanic, mon-tan''ik, a. Pert,
to, or consisting in, mountains.
— Moor'age, -ej, n. A place for mooring. Moor''- —
ing, n. Act of confining a ship to a particular place,
— Mont de Pi^ta, mawx'de-pe- by anchors, etc. that by which a ship is secured or
;

a-ta'. A pawnbroking establish- confined; pi. place or condition of a ship thus con-
ment, lend money to necessi-
to fined. _
tous persons at a low rate of Moose, moos, Moose'^deer, n. A large, ungainly Amer^
interest. deer, the congener of the J"
Month, munth, n. One of the 12 European elk, having a .S*
divisions of the calendar year ; short, thick neck, with a -^
time of one revolution of the mane, a long, flexible
moon; four weeks. — Month'^ly, Monstrance. nose, and very long,
-IT, a. Continued, or performed in a month hap- ; coarse ears : the males
pening once a month, or every month. n. A publi- — have antlers, branched
cation which appears regularly once a month. — acfw. and broadly palmate.
Once a month; in everj' month. Moot, moot, V. t. To argue
Monument, mon'u-ment, n. Anything intended to for and against, debate;
remind or give notice; a building, pillar, stone, etc., to propound and discuss -,
erected in remembrance of a person, event, etc. in a mock court. — v. i. aVioose.
To argue or plead on a supposed cause. — a. Sub-
;

memorial; tomb; cenotaph; an enduring or notable

evidence, instance, or example. ject to argument or discussion; undecided; debat-
Moo, mo(x i". i. To make the noise of a cow; to low. able. n. A debate; esp., a discussion of fictitious —
Mood, mood, w. Manner; style; mode; logical form; causes bj' way of practice. — Moof-case, -point, «..
musical stj-le grammatical form indicating man- A point, case, or question, to be mooted or debated
ner of action or being.
Mood, mood, n.
;

Temper
mind; temporary state of
a disputable case. court, n. A cuurt held lor argu-
ing or trying feigned cases.
of
— ;

the mind in regard to passion or feeling. —

Mood'y, Mop, mop, n. A piece of cloth, or a collection of
-T, a. [moodier, -iest.] Indulging moods, or vary- thrums, fastened to a handle, for washing floors a
ing frames of mind out of humor peevish ab- thick, shaggy, or untidy mass, as of hair.
; ; v. t.
;
— ;

stracted_and pensive; gloomy; fretful; capricious. [mopped (mbpt), -PiXG.] To rub or wipe with, or
Moon, moon, n. The satellite which revolves round as with, a mop.
the earth; any second- Mop, mop, n. A grimace a wry mouth. v. i. To ;

ary planet, or satellite; grimace. [Same as mope.\ — Mope, mop, v. i. [moped

a month a complete ; (mopt), MOPiXG.] To be very stupid; to be dull; to>
revolution of the moon. be spiritless or gloomy. v. t. —
To make spiritless-
(Fort.) crescent-A or stupid. -?!. A
dull, stupid person; a drone.—
formed outwork. — r. i. Mop'ish, a. Dull; spiritless; sulky; sullen.
T o act as if mooii- Moquette, mo-kef, n. A
fine tapestry or BrusseVs
carpet Wilton carpet.
'
struck; to stare dream-
ily, wander idly. — ;

Moraine, mo-ran', w. (Geol.) A

line of stones and
Moon'^y, -1, a. Pert, to, other debris along the sides and at the foot of sepa-
or like, the moon moon- ; rate glaciers, and along the jniddle part of glaciers-
struck; prone to moon. formed by the union of separate ones.
— Moon^ish. a. Like
— Moral, mof'al. a. Pert, to those intentions and ac-
the moon ; variable. tions of which right and wrong, virtue and vice, are
Moon'^beam, n. A ray predicated; conformed to rules of right; virtuous;
of light from the moon. Phases of the moon. just; conformed to law and right in deportment; ca-
— Mbon''light, ?i. The pable of moral action; subject to the moral law; cal-
light afforded by, etc. —
See Ph.ase. .

culated to serve as the basis of action; probable. n. —

o. Illuminated' by, etc occurring during or by Doctrine or practice of the duties of life, manners,
moonlight. — Moon'^shine, n. Moonlight; show with- conduct, behavior, —
usually in pi.; the inner sigf

siin, cube, full ; moon, f(5t)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tixen, boNboN, chair, get.
 MORASS 256 MOSAIC
niflcance of a fable, occurrence, experience, etc. — of opium: its salts are used in medicine as an ano-
Moral philosoplvj Science of the nature, condition, dyne.
—
.

and duties of man as a moral being. M. sense. Morrow. See under Morn.
Power of moral judgment and feeling. Mor''alist, — Morse, m6rs, n. The sea-horse, or walrus.
n. One who moralizes or teaches morality; one who Morsel. See under Morceau.
practices moral duties. —
MoraKity, mo-raKt-tl, w. Mort, m6rt, n. A
note or tune sounded at the death
Relation of conformity or non-conformity to the true of game. —
Mor'' tal, a. Subject to death; destruc-
moral standard or rule; doctrine or system of moral tive to life; causing death; admitting, or accessible
duties ethics practice of the moral and social du-
; ; to, death; incurring the extreme penalty of God's
ties; external virtue; a kind of play, which consisted law not venial extreme human belonging to
;

—
; ; ;

of discourses in praise of morality between allegori- man, who is mortal; wearisomely long. re. A being
cal actors. —
Mor''ally, adv. In a moral or ethical subject to death; man. Mortal^ity, -T-tT, n. Con- —
sense according to moral rules virtuously hon-
; ; ; dition or quality of being mortal; death; destruc-
estly; practically"; according to the usual course of tion; the whole number of deaths in a given time
things and human judgment. Morale'', mo-raK, — or community those who are, or that which is,
;

n. Moral condition or mental state (of a body of mortal the human race humanity.
; Mor'tally, ; —
men, an army, etc.). [F.] Mor'alize, i'. ^ [-ized— adv. In a mortal manner irrecoverably in the ;

(-izd), -iziXG.] To apply to a moral purf)ose, ex- highest possible degree; inveterately. Mor''ibund, — ;

plain in a moral sense, draw a moral from; to m8r''T[-bund, a. At the point of death; dying.
lend a moral to; to render moral or virtuous. v. i. — Morfuary, mSrfu-a-rt, n. gift due to the min- A
To make moral reflections. ister of a parish on the death of a parishioner; a
"Morass. See under Mooe. burial-place; a morgue. a. Pert, to the burial of
Moraviaji, mo-ra^vt-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a re- the dead.— Morfgage, mor'gej, w. {Law.) con- A
ligious sect called the United Brethren, orig. fr. Mo- veyance of property, as security for payment of a
ravia, Austria. debt or performance of a duty, on condition that
Morbid, m6r''bid, a. Not sound and healthful in- ; the grant shall become void upon payment or per-
duced by a diseased or abnormal condition; sickly; formance; state of being pledged. v. t. [mort- —
sick. — Morbose', -bos', a. Proceeding from dis- gaged (-gejd), -GAGING.] To convey as security,
ease; unsound; unhealthy. etc.; to pledge; to make Uable to the payment of
Morceau, mSr-so'', ?i. A bit; a morsel. — Mor''sel, n. any debt or expenditure. Mort'gage©'', -ga-je', h. —
A bite; mouthful; a small quantity' of anvthing; One to whom a mortgage is made or given. Mort'- —
littlepiece fragment. —
Morda'cious, -shus, a. gageor'', -gej-Sr'', Morfgager, -ga-jer, n. One who
—
;

Biting; given to biting; sarcastic: severe; scathing. conveys_property as security for debt. Morfmain,
— Mordac'ity, -das'i-tt, n. Quality of being mor- morfinan, 7i. {Law.) Possession of lands or tene-
dacious; biting or sarcastic quality. Mor''dant, a. — ments in dead hands, or hands that cannot alienate,
Biting; caustic; sarcastic. {Dyeing & Calico Print- — orig. by the church, now by any corporation.
ing.) Serving to fix colors. —
n. A substance which — Mor'tdfy, -tl-ti, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To
gives fixity to dyes, or one which makes gold leaf destroy the organic texture and vital functions of;
adhere. to deaden by religious discipline, as the carnal af-
-More, mor, n. Greater quantity, amount, or number; fections, bodily appetites, or worldly desires to
something other and further. a., com}), —
[used as abase; to affect with vexation, chagrin, or humilia-
;

cowpar. o/much a^dJiANY; superl. Mo&T.] Greater tion; to humble. v. i. To lose vitalit}% as flesh;
in amount, degree, quality, number, etc. additional. to practice severities and penance from religious
— adv. In a greater quantity, extent, or degree;
;

— motives; to be subdued. Mortiflca'tion, n. Act of, —

rather in addition
; further besides
; again. ; ; or condition of being, etc., esp. (Med.) death of one
Moreo'ver, adv. Beyond what has been said part of an animal body, while the rest continues to
further; also; likewise; besides. —Most, most, a. live subjection of the passions and appetites, by pen-
;

[siqxrl, of MOEE.] Consisting of the greatest num- ance, abstinence, etc. humiliation, chagrin, vexa-
;

ber or quantity greatest. n. The greatest, etc. tion that which mortifies.
— ;

adv. In the greatest or highest decree. Mosf- —

;

Mortar, mor'tar, n. wide- A

ly, -IX, adv. For the greatest part; cliiefly; in the mouthed vessel, in which
main. substances are pounded
Moreen, mo-ren'', n. A heavy watered woolen stuff, with a pestle. {Mil.) A
used for curtains, etc. short piece of ordnance,
JMorel, mor^'el, Mor'il, n. An edible
of the mushroom with large bore, for throw-
size of a walnut, abounding with little holes. ing bombs, shells, etc., at -lu^v+n,-
Morel, mor'^el, Morel 'lo, n. A
variety of juicy cherry high angles of elevation. moifar.
of an acid taste. — A mixture of lime and sand with water, used
Moresque. See under Moor. as a cement for uniting stones
Morganatic, mCr-ga-nafik, a. Pert, to, or in the man- and bricks in walls. ^^^
ner of, a marriage of a man with a woman of in- Mor'tise, mSr'tis, n. cavity A
ferior rank, in which neither the latter nor her cut into a piece of timber, or
children enjoy the rank or inherit the possessions other material, esp. one to re-
of her husband, though the children are legitimate. ceive the end of another piece,
Moribund. See under Moktal. made to fit it, called a tenon. — Mortise and Tenon.
MorU. See Mokel. V. t. [MORTISED (-tist), -TIS
Morisco, Morisk. See under Moor. iNG.] To make a mortise in; to join by a tenon
Mormon, m6r'mon, n. One of a polygamous sect in and mortise.
the U. S., followers of Joseph Smitli, who claimed to Mortmain, Mortuary.
have found an addition to the Bible, called the Book See under Mokt.
of Mormon. —
MoT^Taomsm., -izm, n. Doctrine of, Mosaic, mo-za'ik, -ical,
etc.— Mor'monite, -It, n. A Mormon. a. Pert, to Moses,
Morn, m5rn, n. The first part of the day; the morn- leader and law-giver
ing ; the following day; morrow. Morn'ing, n. — of the Israelites.
The early part of the day, earliest hours of light, Mosaic, mo-za''ik, »;.
time from midnight to noon, from rising till dinner, Inlaid work, in
etc. the first or early part.
; — a. Pert, to, or in, which the effect of
the early part of the day. — Mor ''row,
mSr^ro, n. painting is produced
Morning (as, good morrow); the next following
\

by pieces of colored
day; the day following the present; to-morrow. stone, etc. a. —Of,
Morocco. See under Moor. or pert, to, etc. vari- ;

Morose, mo-ros'', a. Of a sour temper; sullen; austere; egated; tesselated ;

splenetic; crabbed; surly; ill-natured. also, composed of va-

Morphia, mdr'ft-a, Mor'phine, -fin or -fen, ji. (Chem.) rious materials or in- Mosaic.
A vegetable alkaloid, the bitter, narcotic principle gredients.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare .; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 5r
 — —— — — —— — — ;;

MOSLEM 257 MOVE

Moslem, nioz^lem, n. A Mussulman an orthodox n. A quack-doctor who vends nostrums from a
Mohammedan. — a.
Pert, to, etc.
;

bench or public stage; any boastful and false pre-

Mosque, mosk, n. A
Mohammedan place of worship tender; a charlatan. —
Mount'^ain, -in, n. A large
Mosquito, mus-ke'to, n. ; pi. -toes, -toz. small dip- A mass of earth and rock, rising above the adjacent
terous stinging insect of several species, having a land; a very high hill, esp. a particular elevation
sharp-pointed proboscis, by wliich it punctures the in a lofty range; something very large. a. Pert, — —
skins of animals and sucks their blood. to, or found on, etc. of mountain size ; vast. ;

Moss, mos, n. {Bot.) An acrogenous cryptogamous Mount'aineer'', -in-er'', n. An inhabitant of a

plant of a cellular structure, with branching stem, mountain. Mount'' ainoos, -in-us, a. Full of moun-
narrow leaves, and a distinct root, popularly ap- — tains; large as a mountain: huge_.
plied to other cryptogamic plants, esp. lichens. A Mourn, morn, v. i. [mourned (mornd), mournixg.J
bog; a place where peat is found.— u.
[mossed t. To feel or express grief or sorrow, grieve, lament; to
(most), MOSSixG.] To cover with moss.
Moss'y, wear the customary habit of sorrow. — v. t. To grieve
-I, a. [-IER, -lEST.] Overgrown, abounding, or bor- for; to utter in a sorrowful manner, deplore, bewail,
—
dered with, moss. Moss -rose, n. A variety of rose bemoan. Mourn^'er^ «. One who mourns; one
—
having a mosslike pubescence or growth on the who follows a funeral in the habit of mourning.
calyx or envelope of the flower. Mourn''ful, -ful, a. Full of, expressing, intended to
Most, Mostly. See under More. express, or causing, sorrow; lugubrious; sad; dole-
Mostic, -tick. Same as Macl-stick. ful; grievous; calamitous. Moum'ing, n. Act of —
Mot. mo, n. A pithy or wittj' saying a witticism. sorrowing lamentation; sorrow; dress worn by
— Motef, mo-tef, n. {Mitg.) A musical composi- mourners.
;

tion adapted to sacred words in church style; an Mouse, mows,M.; 75?. Mice, mis. A small rodent quad-
anthem. — Mot'to, n. ; j)l. -toes, -toz. A phrase or ruped infesting houses and fields. Mouse, mowz,
sentence prefixed to an essay, poem, etc., and ap- V. i. [MOUSED (mowzd), mousing.] To watch for
posite to its subject: a phrase attached to a device. and catch mice to watch for or pursue anything
—
;

Mote, mot, n. A small particle, speck, spot. in a sly manner. Mous''er, n. One that mouses; a
Moth, moth, n. {Entotn.) A lepidopterous insect, cat that catches mice. Mu''rine, -rin, a. Pert, to —
of many species, allied to mice; mouse-colored.
the butterfly, having an- Moustache. See Mustache.
tennse that "taper regular- Mouth, mowth, n. The aperture between the lips
ly to a point, and flying aperture by which an animal takes food also, the ;

mostly by night; a miller; cavity within the lips, containing the jaw, teeth,
a small caterpillar or larve and tongue an opening orifice aperture as of
; ; ; ;

of certain insects, very de- a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or

structive to woolen goods, discharged or, of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well,,
:

furs, honey, and some veg- or den; or, the opening through which the waters of
etable substances. That ^^ ., , ,;r i. . any body of water are discharged into another; a
which gradually ani si- Feather-winged Moth, principal speaker mouth-piece a wry face gri-
lently consumes or wastes anything. mace. — ;

Mouth'ful, -ful, n. ; pi. -fuls. As much as

; ;

Mother, muth'Sr, n. A female parent, esp.

of the hu- the mouth contains at once a small quantity. ;
—
man race; that which has produced anj'thing; source Mouth, mowtii, V. t. [mouthed (mowthd), mouth-
of birth or origin. a. Received by 'birth or from ing.] To chew, devour; to utter with a voice affect-
ancestors; native; natural; acting the part, or having edly big or swelling. 1\ i. To speak with a full,
the place of, a mother. Moth''erhood, n. —State '
round, or loud, affected voice; _to vociferate, rant.
of being a mother. —
Moth'srly, -II, a. Pert, to, or Move, moov, v. t. [moved (moovd), moving.] To-
becoming, a mother; tender; maternal. ocZr. In — cause to change place or posture, carry from one
the manner of, etc. —
Moth'erless, a. Destitute place to another, alter the position of, set in motion;
of, or having lost, etc. —
Moth'er-ui-Iaw', n. The to excite to action by presentation of motives; to af-
mother of one's husband or wife. fect (the mind, will, or passions); to arouse the feel-
Mother, muth'er, n. A
thick, slimy vegetable growth ings or passions of ; esp., to excite to tenderness or
which forms in certain saccharine or alcoholic liq- compassion; to offer formally for consideration and
uids, turning them into vinegar; the vinegar plant. determination, in a public assembly, propose, offer.
— V. i. To produce or become thick with mother. — V. i. To change place or posture to go from ;

.^Moth'ery, -er-T, a. Like, of the nature of, or one place to another; to act mentally or spiritually;
containing, etc. —Moth'' er-wa'ter, n. The impure tochange residence to bring forward a motion in
residue of a liquor from which crj-stals have been
;

an assembly; to make a proposal. n. Act of mov- —

obtained. —
Moth'erwort, -wert, n.' (Bot.) An herb ing;movement; act of moving a piece used in play-
of a bitter taste, used popularly in medicine. ing a game, as chess. Moveable, a. Capable of—
Motion, Motive, Motor, etc. See" under !Move. being moved; not fixed; changing from one time to
Motley, moflt, a. Variegated in color; dappled; het- another.— Movable, n.; pi. -bles, -biz. An article
erogeneously made ormi-xedup; discordantly com- of wares or goods; generally, in pi., goods; wares;
posite. — n. A fool's parti-colored coat. — Moftle, furniture property not fixed, opp. to real estate.
-tl, V. t. [-TLED (-tld), -TLING.] To mark with — Move^'ment, n.;

Act of moving; change of place

spots of different colors. or posture mental action emotion manner of
; ; ;

Motto. See under Mot. moving that which moves or imparts motion.
:

Mould, Moulder, etc. See Mold, etc. (3lus.) Rhythm; any single strain, or part, having
Moult. See Molt. the same measure or time. Mov'er, n. person — A
Mound, mownd, n. An or elevation of
artificial hill or thing that moves, stirs, or changes place; a mo-
earth a raised bank
; ; bulwark rampart ; also, a
; tor; motive power; one who offers a proposition, or
natural isolated hill, hillock, or knoll. v. t. To — recommends anj^thing for consideration or adop-
fortify with a mound. tion. —Mov'ing, p. a. Changing place or posture;
Mount, mownt, n. A mass of earth rising considerably causing motion or action; exciting the passions or
above the surrounding surface; a mountain; means affections; touching; pathetic; affecting. Mo''tile, —
or opportunity for mounting esp., a horse, and the ;
-til, a. Having powers of self-motion, though un-
equipments for a horsemanr v. i. To rise on high, conscious. —
Mo'tion, -shun, n. Act or process of
go up, ascend, tower to get upon anything, esp.
;
changing place or position : gesture movement ;

on horseback; to amount, count up. v. t. To get manner of moving port gait air power of, or
; : ; ;

upon, ascend, climb to bestride to put on horse-

; ; capacity for, moving; movement of the mind, will,
back, furnish with horses to put on anything that desires, or passions; proposition offered, esp. in a
;

sustains and fits for use, as a gun on a carriage, a map deliberative assembly. v. i. —
[motioned (-shund),
on cloth or paper to prepare for being worn or -tioning.] To make a significant movement or
used, as a diamond by setting, etc.
;

Mounfing, n. — gesture to make proposal, offer a proposition. —

— Mo'-
;

Act of preparing for use, or embellishing; that by Mo''tionless, a. Wanting motion; at rest.
which anything is prepared for use, or set off to tive, -tiv, a. Causing motion having power, or
;

advantage embellishment. Mounfebank, -e-bank.

; tending, to move. n. — That which incites to ae-
Biin, cube, fnll ; moon, ffibt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
17
 I
MOW 258 MULTANGULAR
tion anything moving the will: incentive; incite- Mug, mug, n. A kind of earthen or metal cup.
;

ment; incluceiiient; stimulus: cause. {Fine Arts.) Muggy, mug^gT, a. [-gier, -giest.] Moist; moldy;
The theme or conception which the artist embodies damp and close warm and humid.
in his work. —
Motiv'ity, -T-tr, 71. Power of pro- Mulatto. See under Mule.
;

ducing motion quality of being influenced by Mulberry, muKb5r-rT, n. The berry or fruit of a tree
—
:

motives. Mo'tor, rt. "One who, or that which, of the genus Morus ; the tree it-
imparts motion a source or oi'iginator of me- self.
chanical power, etc. — Mooter, -tory, -to-rl, a. Giv- Mulch, mulch, n. Half-rotten
:

ing motion pert, to organs of motion.

;
straw, leaves, etc., strewn over
t/low, mow, H. A heap or pile of hay or sheaves of the roots of plants' to protect
grain in a barn: place in a barn where hay or grain from heat, cold, drj^ness, etc. —
is stowed. r.t. —
[mowed (mowd), mowing.] To v.t. [^MULCHED (mulcht), mulch-
pile and stow away in a barn, as hay or sheaves. ing.] To protect with mulch.
Mow, mo, r\^ [imp. mowkd; p. ?;. MOWED (mod) or Mulct, mulkt, n. A fine; pecuni-
MOWN (mon); mowing.] To cut down with a scj'the, ary punishment or penalty, -i-.
as grass; to cut the grass from: to cut down indis- t. To punish by a fine; to with-
criminately, or in great numbers or quantity. v. i. —
hold from by way of discipline.
To cut grass, perform the business of mowing. Mule, mul, n. A quadruped of
Mow, mow, n. A wry face. v. i. To make mouths, — mongrel breed, usually gener-
grimace, pout. ated between an ass and a mare,
Moxa, moks'^a, n. A woolly, soft substance prepared sometimes between a horse and
from the young leaves of certain plants, and burnt a she-ass; any animal or plant Black Mulberry
on the skin to produce an ulcer; any substance used of a mongrel kind; a hybrid. Leaf and Fruit.
in a like manner. Mul'ish, a. Like a mule; stubborn. —
Mu'leteer', —
Mr. Abbr. of ?fti«fer, q. V. Mrs. Abbr. of mispress, -le-ter', 71. One who drives mules. Mulat'' to, n. ; —
but pron. mis^'sis. See Mistress. pi. -TOES, -toz. The oifspring of a negress by a
Mucli, much, a. {compar. & superl. wanting, but sup- white man, or of a white woman by a negro.
plied by MORE and most.] Great in quantity or Mule, mul, n. A machine used in spinning cotton.
amourrt; long in duration; abundant; plenteous. Mull, mul, V. t. [mulled (muld), mulling.] To heat,
n. A great quantity; great deal; a thing uncommon, sweeten, and enrich with spices; to dispirit or dead-
wonderful, or noticeable. adv. To a great degree — en.
or extent; greatly; abundantly; far; often, or long; Mull, mul, n. A
thin, soft kind of muslin.
in nearly the same condition; almost. Mullein, -len, muKlen, 71. A
plant growing in roads
Mncid, Mucilage, etc. See under Mucus. and neglected fields.
Muck, muk, ?i. JDung in a moist state; a mass of de- Muller, muKler, n. A
pestle of stone or glass, for
.caying vegetable matter black swamp earth con- ; grinding pigments.
taining decomposed vegetable matter peat some- Mullet, muKlet, n. An ed-
thing mean, vile, or filthy. v.t. To manure with — ; ;

ible fish of 2 genera and

muck. several species.
Muck. See Amuck. Mulligatawny, mul'll-ga-
Mucronate, mu^kro-nat, -nated, a. {Bot. & taw'nt, 71. A kind of
Zo'ol.) Terminating abruptly, with a short, curry soup or stew.
spinous process. Mulligrubs, muKlT-grubz, :Mullet.
Mucus, mu^'kus, n. (Physiol.) A viscid fluid n. A twisting of the intestines colic: sullenness.
secreted by the mucous membrane, which it MuUion, miiKyun, n. (Arch.) A vertical bar divid-
moistens and defends; any other animal fluid ing the lights of Gothic windows,
of a viscid quality. — Mu'cous, -kus, a. screens, etc.; one of the divisions
Pert, to, resembling, or secreting mucus ; in paneliugs resembling win-
slimy; secreting a slimy substance. Mucous — dows.
membrane. The membrane lining all the Multangular, mult-an''gu-ler, a.
cavities of the body which communicate Having many angles; polygonul.
,

with an external opening. Mu^'cousuess, ». Muoro- — Multan'^gularly, adv. Witli

— Mu'culent, a. Slimy: moist, and moder- j""'^'^ many angles —
or corners. Mul-
ately viscous. —
Mu'^cid, -sid, a. Musty '
tica'^vous, -vus, a. Having many
mofdj' slimy. Mu^'cUage, -sTt-lej, w. (Chem.) One — Multiden'tate, -tat, a.
cavities.
Armed with many teeth. — Mul-
;

of the proximate elements of vegetables; an aque-

ous solution of gum. —
Mucilag'Tnous, -laj'T-nus, a. tifa'rious, -rl-us, a. Having mul-
Of the nature of mucilage moist, soft, and lubri- ; tiplicitj'; of various kinds; diver-
cous; slimy; pert, to, or secreting, mucilage. sified. -Multifa^riousness, II.
Mud, mud, n. Earth wet, soft, and adhesive mire. Multiplied diversity.Mul'tifid, —
— V.
;

t. To make
turbid, or foul, with dirt to a. (Bat.) Divided into several
—
muddy. Mud'^dy, -dt, a. [-diek, -diest.] Be-
;

parts by linear sinuses and

smeared with, containing, or consisting of mud or straight margins. Multiflorous, — a a, muUious
transom.
; b b b,

adhesive earth of the color of mud turbid; thick, -tT-flo''' o?- -tif 'lo-rus, a. Having
;

as with dregs; gross; impure: cloudy in mind: dull;

;

many flowers. — Mul'tifoil, ti. (Arch.) A leaf orna-

heavy; stufjid.— r. t. [muddied (-did), -dying.] ment consisting of
To soil with mud, dirty, make turbid; to make dull more than 5 divisions
or heavy. —
Mud'dle, -dl, n. A state of being tur- or foils: see Foil. —
bid or confused; bewilderment. v. t. [muddled — Muf tifold. a. Many
-did), -DLING.] To make turbid, or muddy, as times doubled ; mam-
water; to cloud or stupefy; to make a mess of. a. — fold. — Mufti-form, a.
In a half-intoxicated state. Having many forms,
JIoS, muf n. A warm cover for receiving the hands,
, shapes, oi- a p p e a r-
esp. a cylinder of fur. —
Muf'fln, n. A light, spongy ances. -Multi form'-
cake, circular and flat. —
Muffle, ?\ t. [-fled (-fld), ity, 71. Diversity of /-

-FLING.] To wrap up in something that conceals ; forms ; variety of ap- /"/

esp. to wrap (the face) in disguising folds: to wrap pearances in the same
with something that dulls or renders sound inaudi- thing. —Multilaferal,
ble. —
n. iChem. Metal.) An oven-shaped vessel.
Si. a. Having many sides. Multifoil.
used in assaying. The naked portion of the upper — Multilin^'eal, -e-al, a.
lip and nose of ruminants and rodents. Having many lines. — Multiloc'ular, a. Having
Mufi, muf, n. A stupid, clumsy, or despicable fellow; many cells or compartments. Multil'oquence, —
a blunderer: simpleton: in games, a failure to catch -o-kwens, ?». Use of many words; talkativeness. —
a flying ball. —
Muffle, -fl, v. i. To speak indis- Multil'oquent, -oquous, -kwus, a. Very talkative.
tinctly. — Multip'arous, -a-rus, a. Producing many at a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tiu lee ; 5dd, tSne, 6r ;
 — — ' ^ — — ;

MUM 25y Mushroom

birth. — Mul'tiped, -tl-ped, n. An insect having Mural, mu'ral, a. Pert, to, or like, a wall; perpendic-
manv feet. a. Having many feet. — Multiplex, ular or steep.
a. Manifol^. — Mul^'tiple, -tT-pl, a. Containing Murder, mer^der, 7i. Act of killing a human being-
more than once, or jnore than one; manifold. with malice prepense or aforethought, —i-. t. [mur-
n. {3fath.) A
quantity containing another a cer- dered (-derd), -dering.] To kill with premeditated
tain number of times without a remainder. —A malice; to dcstrov, put an end to, assassinate, slaj',
common multiple of 2 ormore numbers contains each- massacre. Mur''derer, re. One guilty of murder; — —
of them some number of times exactly the least c. assassin bloodshedder manslayer. MuT'deress,
—
: ; ;

m. is the least number that will do this. Mul'tiply, n. —

woman who, etc. Mur'derous, -us, a. Guilty A
-tT-pli, c. t. [-PLIED (-plid), -PLTIXG.] To increase of, consisting in, accompanied with, fond of, or
in number, make more numerous, add quantity to. premeditating, murder bloody blood - guilty ; ; ;

(JIath.) To repeat or add to itself any given num- Dlood-thirsty; Ravage; cruel.
ber or quantity as many times as there are units in Muriate, mu'rT-at, re. (,Cheii>.) compound formed A
any other given number. v. i. To become numer- — by the union of muriatic acid with a base.
—
Mu''- —
ous: to increase in extent and influence. Mul''- ria'ted, a. Combined or impregnated with mu-
tiplicand', n. (Arith.) Th'e number to be multiplied riatic acid ; put in brine. Muriafic, a. Pert, to, —
by another, which is called the multiplmr. Multi- or obtained from, sea-salt. — Muriatic acid. An —
plicate, muKtT-plI- or mul-tip'lT-kat, a. Consisting acid consisting of hydrogen and chlorine; hydro-
of many, or more than one; multiple; multifold. chloric acid. —
Mul'tipiica'tion, n. Act of multiplying, or of in- Murine. See under Mouse.
creasing in number. {Math.) A
rule or operation Murky, mSfk'!, a. [-ier, -iest.] Dark: gloomy.
by which any given quantity may be added to itself Murmur, nier'mer, n. low, confused, and fndis- A
any number of times proposed. Mul'^tiplica'tive, —
tinct sound; a half suppressed complaint. v. i.
-tiv, o. Tending, or having the power, to multiply. [murmured (-merd), -muring.] To make a low, con-
— MTU'tipUca'tor, n. The number by which an- tinued noise, like the hum of bees, stream of water,
—
rolling waves, wind in a forest, etc.; to utter com-
other number is multiplied; a multiplier. Multi-
plic'lty, -plis'I-tT, n. A
state of being multiple, plaints in a low, half-articulated voice; to grumble.
manifold, or various; a collection of many objects; Mur''muringly, adv. With a low sound with — ;

a great number. —Mul'tipU'er, n. One who, or that complaints. —Mur^murous, -us, a. Attended with
wnioh, etc. the number ; arithmetic by which an-m murmurs murmuring. ;

other is multiplied. —
Mul'titude, -tt-tud, re.. State Murrain, mur'^rin, ?*. An infectious and fatal dis-
of being many numerousness a great number of
; ease among cattle.
;

individuals throng crowd commonalty ; swarm; Muscadel, mus''ka-del, -catel, -cat, -cadine, -din or
; ;

A
;

—
populace vulgar. MuKtivalve, -ti-valve, n. {Zo'ol.)
; -din, re. rich, spicy grape, or the wine made from
A shell having more than two valves. it; a fragrant pear.
Mum, mum, a. —
interj. Be silent; hush.
Silent. n. — Muscle, mus'sl, re. {Anat.) An organ of motion in
Silence.— Mum-'ble, -bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -blixg.] animal bodies, consisting offibers inclosed in their
To speak with the lips or other organs partly closed, cellular membrane, and capable of cantraction and
mutter; to eat with the lips closed, chew ineffectu- relaxation. ( Conch.) An
ally. — V. To
utter with a low, inarticulate voice;
t. edible bi-valvular shell-
to eat with a muttering sound; to suppress, or ut- fish. —Mus''cular, -ku-
ter imperfectly. v. t. —Mumm,
[mummed (mumd), ler, a. Pert, to a muscle,
-MI^"G.] To sport in a mask or disguise; to mask, or to a system or the <
play the buffoon. —
Mum''mery, -mer-1, n. Mask- strength of muscles; con-
ing; sport; buffoonery; farcical show. Mump,r. t. — sisting of or constituting,
[mumped (mumpt), mumping.] To work over with performed by, or depend- , ,

the mouth, chew quicklv, nibble to talk imper- ; ent on, etc. well fur- Muscle,
—
;

fectly or feebly. v. i. 'to move, the lips with the nished with muscles ; brawny strong powerful;
—
; ;

mouth closed, "mumble; to talk brokenly; to begin characterized by strength aijci vigor. Muscular''-
a low tone or deceitful manner. Mumps, re. pi. — .

ity, -ISr-'T-tt, re. State of being muscular. MyoK- —

i31ed.) A peculiar and specific unsuppurative in- ogy, -oKo-jt, re. {Anat.) A description of the mus-
flammation and swelling of the parotid glands. cles of the human body.
Mummy, mum''mT, n. A dead body embalmed and Muscovy Duck, mus''ko-vl-duk'. A large and prolific
dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians a ; species of duck, wild and domesticated, having a
body preserved, by any means, in a dr}^ state. musky smell.
Munch, munch, v. t. [munched (muncht), munch- Muse, muz, V. i. [mused (muzd), musing.] To think
TSG.'\ To nibble, chew without opening the mouth, closely, study in silence, ponder, meditate, rumi-
chew noisily or eagerly. v. i. To chew with closed — nate; to be absent-minded. v. t. To think on, med- —
lips, masticate. itate on. re. Deep thought; absence of mind. —
Mundane, mun^dan, «. Pert, to this world; worldly; Mus-'ing, a. Meditative. re. Act of, etc. —
earthly; terrestrial. —
Mun^difica'tion, n. Act or Muse, muz, re. {Mi/th.) One of the 9 goddesses who
operation of cleansing any bod^y from dross or ex- preside over the liberal arts {Calliope, overeloquence
traneous matter. —
Mundificative, -tiv, a. Having and heroic poetry; CLi'o, history; Er'ato, lyric and
power to cleanse. re. —
A medicine which, etc. love poetry Eider^pe, music Melpom^ene, trage- ; ;

Mungo, mun''go, re. Fibrous material obtained by dy Polyhim'nia, singing and rhetoric Terpsich^- ; ;

deviling the rags of fine woolen goods, broadcloths, ore, dancing ThaWa, pastoral and comic poetry ;

etc., as shoddy is obtained fr. coarser kinds cloth Ura'^nia, astronomy); a genius of art, literature, or
made from this material. _ music.
;

Muse-'um, re. A collection of natural, —

Mungoose, Mongoose, mun'goos-, re. An animal of scientific, or literary curiosities, or of works of art.
India which destroys snakes, small animals, etc. a Mu'sic, re. Melody or harmony; a succession of
; —
species of ichneumon. sounds so modulated as to please the ear; scierice
Municipal, mu-nis''I-pal, a. Pert, to local self-govern- of harraonical sounds; art of producing or combin-
ment; pert, to a corporate town or city, or to a state, ing sounds in a manner to please the ear. Mu'si- —
kingdom, or nation. Munic'ipaKity, -T-tt. re. — cal, a. Pert, to, producing, or A
municipal district. —
Munificence, -nifT-sens, re. containing music; pleasing to
Great liberality in giving benevolence benef- the ear melodious harmo-
icence bounty.
;
—
Munificent, -sent, a. Very lib- nious.
;

Musi'cian, -zish''a'n,
;

—; ;

•
eral in giving; bountiful; generous. re. One skilled in the art or
Muniment, mu'^i:-ment, re. Anything supporting or science of music.
defending; a stronghold; place or means of defense. Mush, mush, n. Indian meal
{Laio.) A record; a title-deed, charter, etc., esp. one boiled in water ; hasty pud-
relating to national, manorial, or ecclesiastical rights ding.
and privileges. — Munftion, -nish'un, re. Materials Mushroom, mush-'room, re.i
used in war for defense, or for annoying an enemy; (Bot.) One of a class of rapid-^
military stores of all kinds, usually in pi. growing cryptogamic plants Mushrooms.

siin, cube, fijll ; mSon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNboN. chair, get.
 MUSIC 260 MYRTLE
of the order of Fimgi: the name is popularly re- ticulate language; or, one emploj^ed to stand before
stricted to such species as are edible. An upstart. the door of a house in which there is a corpse; or, a
— a. mushrooms; short-lived; ephemeral.
Pert, to dumb attendant, esp. of a seraglio. {Oram.)' let- A
Masic. etc. See under Muse. ter which represents no sound, a silent letter; a con,
Mask, musk, n. A substance of powerful and-en- sonant formed by a position of the vocal organs which
during odor obtained from a bag behind the navel stops the passage of the breath entirely, as jj, h, d, g,
of the male musk-deer. —Muok'y, a. Having the k,t. —
Mu'tacism, -sizm, ?i. Inability to enunciate
odor of musk. — Musk'deer, n. A hornless deer of properly the labial consonants, 6, p, nt.
the highlands of Cen- Mute, mut, v. i. To eject the contents of the bowels,
tral Asia. See Musk.— as birds.
-mel'on, n. A
species Mutilate, mu-'tll-at, v. i. To cut off a limb of to ;

of melon, having a maim, cripple; to destroy or remove a material part

musky fragrance. — of, so as to render imperfect. Mu'tila'tion, n. Act —
-ox, n. A
bovine ru- of mutilating, or state of being mutilated.
minant of the country Mutiny, mu'tl-nT, n. Insurrection against constituted
about Hudson's Bay: authority by subordinates, esp. against military or
it has large horns turn- naval commanders; viotent commotion; tumult: re-
i n g downward and volt ; uprising rebellion.— v. i. [mutinied (-nid),-
:

outward on each side -NTING.] To rise against lawful authority. Mu'- —

of the head. rat, n. ,, ,
tineer'', -ner', n. One guilty of mutiny; a sailor or
A rodent animal of N Musk-ox. soldier who rises in opposition to the authority of
Amer., allied to the beaver, but about the size of a the officers. —
Mu''tinous, -nus, a. Disposed to mu-
cat, having a strong, musky smell. ,
tiny turbulent.
;

Musket, mus''ket, n. Orig. a kind of hawk or fal- Mutter, mut-'ter, v. I. [-teeed (-terd), -teeing.] To
con now, the ordinary fire-arm of infantry sol-
; utter words with a low voice, with suUenness or in
diers. —
Mus'keteer'', -er'', n._ A
soldier armed -vyith. complaint; to grumble, murmur; to sound with a
—
a musket. —
Mua'ketoon'', -oon'', n. short, wide- A low, rumbling noise. v. t. To utter with imperfect
mouthed musket one armed with, etc.
; Mus'- — articulations, or with a low voice. n. Eepressed —
ketry, -rl, n. Muskets in general or collectively; or obscure utterance.
practice with, or the art of using, etc. the fire of, ; Mutton, muftn, n. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed
etc. for food.
Muslin, rauz^lin, n. A
thin cotton cloth or gauze. Mutual, mut''u-al, a. Reciprocally acting or related;
Musquash, mus'^kwosh, n. The Indian name for reciprocally given and received showing commu-
—
;

. Musk-eat, q. v. nity of action. Mutuality, -aKl-tl, n. Quality of

Musquet. Same as Musket. correlation reciprocation
; interchange. Mut'u^ ;
—
Itlusquito. Same as Mosquito. ally, adv.
Muss, mus, n. A confused struggle; state of confusion Mutule, mufuhw. {Arch.) A projecting block worked
or disorder; liiess. — v. t. To disorder, rumple. under the corona of the ^^^
Mussel. Same as Muscle, a shell-fish. Doric cornice, in the same
Mussulman, mus''sul-man, ?i. ; pi. -mans. A Moham- situation as the Corinthian ,, . ,

medan; a Moslem. modillion. Mutule.

Must, must, V. i. or auxiliarf/. To be obUged, ex- — Muzzle, muz'zl, The projecting mouth and nose
n.
pressing both physical and moral necessity to be ; of an animal; mouth of a thing, esp. of a gun; a
essential to the end proposed. fastening or covering for the mouth which prevents
Must, must, n. Wine pressed from the grape, but not biting. — t. [MUZZLED (-zld), -zling.] To bind
I!,

ferniented. —
r. i. To grow moldy and sour; to be- or cover the mouth of, so as to prevent biting or eat-
come — Must-'y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Moldy;
fetid. -t, ing.
sour; foul and fetid; spoiled by age; stale; vapid; My, mi, a. Belonging to me, used always attribu- —
dull; heavy. — Mus''tard, tively. —
Myself'', pron. I or me, used for empha- —
n. A
cruciferous plant of sis; used also instead of me, without emphasis, as
several species a powder; the object of the first person of a reflexive verb.
or paste made of its pun- Mjrriad, mir'T-ad, m. The number of ten thousand;
gent seeds, used as a con- an immense or indefinitely large number. — Myr''-
diment and in medicine. iagram, -i:-a-gram, n. A metric weight 10,000 grams, =
Mustache, mus-tash-'. Mous- or 10 kilograms, or 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois. Mjrria- —
tache, raoos-tash'', n. That gramme, me're-a'gram'', n. Same as Myeiageasi.—
part of the beard which Myrialiter, mir^l-ai'T-ter or mir'I-a-li'ter, n. A
grows on the upper lip. measure of capacity 10,000 liters =
2,641.4 Amer. =
Mustang, mus^'tang, n. The gallons, or nearly 42 hogsheads. Myrialitre, -le'tr, —
wild horse of the prairies in n. Same as Myeialitee. —
Myriameter, mir't-aiu'e-
Mexico, California, etc. ter or mir'l-a-me't5r, n. measure of length A =
Mustard. See under Must, n. 10,000 meters =
6.21.34 Amer. or 6.21382 Eng. miles. —
Muster, mus''ter,i;.i. [-teked MsTiametre, me''re_-a''ma''tr, n. Same as Myeiame-
(-terd), -TEEING.] To as- TEE. —M3rrlare, me're-ar'', n. measure of surface A
semble (troops) for parade, = 10,000 ares =
247.085 Amer. or 247.1143 Eng. acres.
inspection, exercise, etc.; to — Myr^'iapod, -T-a-pod, n. {Zool.) An air-breathing,
take an account of num- Mustard. vermiform, articulate ani-
bers, condition, etc. to gather for use or exhibi- mal, having many jointed
tion, get together, — ;

v. i. To come together as parts legs and a hard external

of a force or body to assemble.
; n. An assem- — skeleton centiped milli-
; ;

bling of troops for review, etc. ; assemblage and dis- ped.

play; gathering. Mjrrmidon, mer'mT-dun, n.
Musty, etc. See under Must, n. One of a troop who accom-
Mutable, mu'ta-bl, a. Capable of alteration subject ; panied Achilles to the war
to change; susceptible of change; inconstant; un- against Troy: hence, a sol-
stable; wavering; variable; fickle. Mu''tableness, — dier of a rough or desperate
-tabil'ity, n. Quality of being, etc.; changeable- character; one who ruth-
ness; inconstancy. —
Muta''tion, n. Actor process lessly executes orders.
of chan_ging; alteration, either in form or qualities. Msorh, mer, n. A transpar-
Mute, mut, a. Restrained from speaking uttering ; ent gum-resin, usually of
no sound incapable of speaking not uttered un-
; ; ; amber color, of aromatic
pronounced; silent; havingitssound wholly checked odor, and bitter, slightly
by complete closure of the vocal organs, said of — pungent taste. Myrtle {3Tyrtus com/-
certain consonants. — n. One who is silent or speech- Myrtle, mer-'tl, n. fragrant A
nninis).
less, as, one who, from deafness, is unable to use ar- evergreen shrub of several species the common :

am, fame, far. pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In,^ Ice : Sdd, tOne, 6r
 — — — —
;

MYSELF 261 NARWHAL

myrtle has a shrubby, upright stem, S or 10 feet high: -tT-sizm, n. Obscurity of doctrine. (Ecd. Hist.)
the ancients considered it sacred to Venus. M3rr''- — Doctrine of the Mystics, who maintain that they
tiform, a. Resembling myrtle or myrtle-berries. have direct intercourse with the divine Spirit, ana
Myself. See under My. acquire a knowledge of spiritual things unattaina-
Mystery, mis''ter-I, n. A trade; handicraft; any me- ble by the natural intellect. —
Mystiflca'tion. n. Act
chanical occupation: a kind of rude drama, ot a re- of invohan^ in mvstery, perplexing, or playing on
ligious character, orig. performed by craftsmen; a one's credulitv also, something designed to mvs-
;

niystery-play. tify. —
Mys'tify, r. i. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] 'lo
Mystery ,'mis'ter-'r,?i. A profound secret; that which involve in mystery so as to mislead to "erplex ;

IS beyond human comprehension until explained; purposelv.

any t&ing artfully made ditficult. jil. A kind of secret Myth, mitli, n. A fable, legend, or tradition as to the
religious celebrations, to which only initiated persons origin, early history, gods, etc., of a nation, etc. a
were admitted. — Myste'rious, -rt-'us, a. Relating to,
;

fabulous story;- an imaginary person or object.

of the nature of, or containing, mystery diificuTt or ; Msrth'ic, -ical, a. Relating to, described in, or of
impossible to understand: obscure: secret; occult; the nature of, a myth: fabulous; imaginary: fanci-
enigmatical: incomprehensible. Mys'tic, n. One — ful. —
MythoKogyi^ -thoKo-jl, 7i. Science 'of, or a
who holds to mysticism. Mys'tic, -tical, a. Re- — treatise on, myths: a collective body of myths: csp.
mote from human comprehension: obscure; import- pert, to the gods, etc., of a heathen people. My- —
ing or implying mysticism: involving some secret thoKogist, -thologist, n. One versed in, or whc*
meaning allegorical emblematical. Mys'tlcism,
; ; — writes dn, mythology.

IsT.

N, en, the 14th letter of the En^. alphabet, is a nasal. flowering plants, of several species, eomprising the
Nab, nab, v. t. [>-aebed (naod), -BtJfG.] To catch daffodils, jonquils, etc. ^
suddenly or unexpectedly. Narcofic, -kofik, -ical, a.
Nabob, na"^bob, n. A
deputy or viceroy in India; one (Jled.) Relieving pain, and
who returns to Europe from the East with immense producing sleep: producing
wealth; a very rich man. stupor, coma, and convul-
Nadir, na'der, n. That point of the heavens directly sions, and, when given in
opposite to tne zenith; the lowest point. suflicient quantity, causing
Nag, nag, n. A horse, esp. a small horse pony. ; death. ;;. —
(Med'.) medt- A
Nag, nag, v. t. (nagd), -Gr^'G.] To tease in
[lagged cine which, in medicinal
a pettv and pertinacious fashion, scold, annoy. doses, relieves pain, and
Naiad, na-'yad, n. (Jl'/th.) A
female deity, presiding produces sleep, but in poi-
over a river or spring a water nymph. ;
sonous doses produces stu-
Nail, nal, n. The hornv scale growing at the end of por, coma, convulsions, and,
the human fingers and toes: the claw or talon of a in sufficient quantity, caus-
bird or other animal; a metal pin to fasten boards, es death.
timbers, etc.; a measure of length 2 1-4 inches. = Narrate, nar-rat'' or nar'rat,
V. t. [>'^A]LED (nald), XAILIKG.] To fasten with V. t. To
tell, rehearse, or re-
nails, or as with a nail: to fix, catch, trap. cite, as a story to give an
—
;

Naked, na'ked, a. Having no clothes on: uncovered; account of. Narfa'tion,

bare nude unarmed; defenseless; open to view;
; ; n. Act of, etc.; rehearsal;
thing related ac- Xarcissus.
manifest plain without addition, exaggeration, recital ;

—
; ;
;

excuses, etc. destitute, unaided

; mere simple. ; ; count; relation; story; tale; history. Nar'rative,
{Bot.) "Without pubescence; Avithout a calyx; with- -ra-tiv, a. Pert, to narration giving a particulai- or
:

out leaves; not inclosed in a pod or capsule. (JIus.) continued account; inclined to reliite stories, or ta
Xot hiiving the full complement of tones. tell particulars of events. n. —
That narrated; the-
Name, nam,';;. The title by which a particular person recital of a story; narration. —
Narra'tor, w.
or thing is known or designated appellation reputed ; ; Narrow, nar''ro, a. Of little breadth not wide or :

character: reputation; renown; celebrity; eminence; broad: of little extent; very limited: ci:cnni>cribed;
memorj'; remembrance; a race; family;' a person. — contracted in mind, disposition, views, feelings, etc.
V. t. [named (namd), xamixg.] To give an appella- parsimonious: selfish; within a small distance: close;
tion to; to mention by name: to designate by name, near involving serious exposure scrutinizing
—
; ;

—
;

denominate, style, term, call, nominate. Name'- careful: exact. r. t. [xaeeowed (-rod). -i!OW-
less, «. "Without a name undistinguished: that ; IXG.] To lessen the breadth of. contract to con- :

cannot or ought not to be named. —Nam'' able, a. tract the reach or sphere of to make less liberal or
:

Capable of being named. —

Name'ly, ar!v. To wit; more selfish; to limit, confine. (Knittiuri.) To con-
that is to say; to particularize. Name'sake, n. One — tract the size of (a stocking, etc.) by taking 2 stitches
who has the same name as another; esp., one named intol. V. i. To become less broad. (Knittiiia.') To
out of regard to another. contract size, by taking 2 stitches into 1. Nar ^rows, —
Nankeen, iian-ken'', n. A yellowish cotton cloth, of n. pi. A
narrow passage through a niountain, or a
firm texture, orig. manufactured at Xanfd)i. China. channel of water between one sea or lake and anoth-
Nap. nap, r. i. [xapped (napt), xappixg.] To have er; a contracted part of a river or of an ocean cur-
a short sleep; to be drowsy, doze; to be in a careless, rent: a strait; sound. —
Nar'rowly, o^/i'. "With little
secure state. n. —short sleep.A breadth; without much extent; contrnctedly; witli
Nap, nap, n. Woolly or villous substance on the sur minute scrutiny; closely) by a small distance; bare-
face (of felt, cloth,' some plants, etc.). ly: merely; sparingly."
Nape, nap, n. The back part of the neck. Narwhal, niir^hwal, ^-wal, n. A
cetaceous mammal.
Naphtha, nap''tha or nat'tha. n. thin, volatile, A found in the northern
very inflammable and explosive hydrocarbon, ob- seas sea-unicorn
; :

tained from some oil-springs and from distillation of the male has usuallv
coal and wood, and esp. from petroleum. one long, twisted,,
Napkin, nap''kin, n- A
little towel; a cloth used for tusk, pr'bjecting for-
Narwhal.
wiping the mouth and hands, esp. at the table. ward from the upper
Narcissus, nar-sis'sus, n. {Bot.) A genus of bulbous jaw Kke a horn.
siiii, cube, fuU ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, -Bien, boNbox, chair, get.
 NASAL 262 NEAR
Nasal, na-'zal, a. Pert, to the nose spoken through ; sity to vomit ; qualm. — Nau'seate, naw''she-at, v. %•

the nose. —
n. An elcinentary sound uttered To become squeamish, feel disgust. — To affect
v. t.
through the nose, or throuj^h both nose and mouth with nausea, sicken to reject with disgust, loathe.
simultaneous! V. {Med.) A medicine that operates — Nau'seous, -shus,
;

a. Causing, or fitted to cause,

through the nose: an errhine. Nastur'tium, -ter'- — nausea. — Nau'tical, -tik-al, «. Pert, to seamen, or
shum, n. A plant of several species, cultivated for to the art of navigation naval
its showv, strong-scented, yellow or orange flowers, marine maritime. Nau'tilus,
; — ;

as a salad plant, and for its pungent flower-buds -tT-lus, n.(Zool.) cephalopodous A
and seeds (for pickling); Indian cress; also, the wa- moUusk, of several species, having
ter cress and allied cruciferous plants. a spiral, chambered shell and many
llascent. See under Xatio.v. slender cupless tentacles; the name
Nasty, nas'tl, a. [-tier, -tiest.] Offensively filthy; is also applied to the shells of sev-
very dirtj'; nauseous; disgusting; indecent; gross; eral different moUusca. kind of A
vile; wet, sloppy, disagreeable,— said of the weather. diving bell, whose motions are con-
Natant, na'tant, a. {Dot.) Floating on the surface trolled by the occupants. Na'^vail, —
of water, as the leaf of an aquatic plant. a. Pert, to, consisting of, or having
Nation, na-'shun, n. A people living in the same coun- to do with ships or a navy raut- Nautilus,
try and under the same government; a people hav- ical ; marine ; maritime. Na'vy, -vt, n. fleet of — :

A
ing a common origin and language people ;,race; ;
ships; a nation's ships of war, considered collectively,
stock.— Na'tional, nash-'un-al, a. Pert, to a nation; or the officers and men belonging to them. Nav''- —
common to a people or race public general at- igate, nav'l-gat, v. i. To journey by water, go in a
tached, asp. to one's own countrj\ Na''tionalism,
;

— ; ;

ship, sail. v. t. —
To pass over in ships to steer,
-izm, n. State of being national national attach- ;
direct, or manage in sailing. Naviga-'tion, n. Act — ;

ment.— Nationality, -al'I-tl, n. Quality of being na- of navigating science or art of conducting ships or
;

tional, or strongly attached to one's own nation; na- vessels from one place to another navigable water;
tional character; a race or people, as determined by means of navigation vessels ; shipping. Nav'- ;
;

—
common language and character, and not by polit- igable, a. Admitting of being navigated. Nav'- —
ical bias or divisions; nation: national unity and in- iga'tor, n. One who is skillf ulin the art of naviga-
tegrity. —
Na'tionaliza, nash''un-al-iz, r. t. [-ized tion. —Nav'vy, -vl, n. Originally, a laborer on ca-
(-izd), -iziXG.] To make national.— Nas'cent, -sent, nals for inter-
«. Beginning to exist or to grow. Na'tal, a. Pert, — nal navigation;
to, accompanying, or dating" from, one's birth na- ;
hence, a labor-
tive; natural.' Na'tive, -tiv, a. Pert, to one's birth; er on other
natal conferred by birth; born with one indige-
; ;
public works,
nous^ produced bj' nature; not wrought by art; un- esp. railroads.
artiftcial. —
n. One born in a place or country; a — Nave, -nav,
denizen by birth. (Stock-bree'ling.) Any of the live 71. (Arch.) The
stock found in a region, excluding such as belong middle or body
to pure and distinct breeds an animal of common ; of a church,
or mongrel blood. —
Nativ'tty, -tiv't-tt, n. Birth; extending f r
time, place, or circumstances of birth. {Astrol.) A the choir to the
horoscope. —
Nafiire, na'chur, n. Xative charac- principal eu-
ter; inherent qualities, attributes, or endowments; trance the ;

kind; sort; character; species; established or regular part between

course of things existing system of things the world
; ; the wings or
of matter; thecreation! universe; the personified sum aisles.
and order of causes and effects the agencies which ; Nautch, nawch,
carry on the processes of the creation natural af- ; 71. In India,
fection or reverence adherence to what is natural,
; an exhibition
normal, or usual a person of intelligence and char-
; of dancing by
acter. — Nafiiral, uach'ur-al, a. Pert, to the con- girls,generally
stitution of- a thing; according to nature; charac- courtesans.
teristic; conformed to the order of nature; normal; Nave, nav, n.
regular; having to do with the existing system of Body of a Nave.
things; conformed to truth or reality; by impulses church see under Nausea.
:

of natural appetite alone illegitimate bastard

; ; ; Nave, nav, n. The piece of wood, etc., in the center
pert, to, derived from, or formed by, the lower or of a wheel, through which the axle passes; the hub.
animal nature merely. (Mas.) Pert, to a key which — Na''vel, -vl, A depression m
the center of the
?;.
has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature. n. — abdomen, being the
scar left by the detachment of
An idiot. (J/«s.) A character [thus, _H"] used to the umbilical cord after birth"^; the central part or
contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat point of anything middle.
which has preceded it. Nat'nralist, n. One who— ;

Nay, na, adv. No; not this merely, but also; not only
studies the natural history of animals one who ; / so. — w. Denial; refusal.
maintains the doctrines of naturalism. Nat'ttrali- — Nazarene, naz'a-ren'', ?i. An inhabitant of Nazareth;
za'tion, n. Act of investing an alien with the rights one of the early converts to Christianity, a term —
and privileges of a native subject or citizen; state of contempt. —
Naz''arite, -rit, n. Jew who A
of being thus invested with citizenship. Nafu- — bound himself by a vow to extraordinary purity of
ralize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izixg.] To make natural life and devotion.
or easy by custom and habit; to confer rights of a Neap, nep, n. The pole of a cart or wagon a prop ;

native citizen on; to receive or adopt as native, nat- for the front of a cart, etc.
ural, or vernacular; to accustom, habituate, accli- Neap, nep, a. J^ow scanty. :

mate. — V. i. To explain phenomena by natural Neapolitan, ne-a-poKl-tan, a. Of, or pert, to, the
agencies or laws. —
Nat'urally, adv. According to cit}^ of Naples.
nature, or to the usual course of things; without art Near, ner, a. Not far distant; as, not distant in place,
or cultivation; spontaneously; without affectation. adjacent, neighboring or, not distant in time or, ; ;

Natty, naftT, a. Neatly fine smart spruce. closely related; or, close to one's interests, affection,
Naught, Nought, nawt, n. Nothing.
;

adv. In no
;

— etc.; intimate; dear; or, close to anything followed

decree. — a. Of no value or account; worthless or imitated or, on the left of a team serving to
bad; vile; naughty. —
Naughfy, -T, a. [-ier, -iesx.]
; ;

bring the object closer immediate direct par-

;

— — ; : ;

Orig. corrupt wicked mischievous perverse,

; ; ; simonious illiberal. : adr. At a little distance
said esp. of children.— Naught'ily, -I-lt, acZi'. In a onlv, in place or time, manner or degre_e almost
naughty manner; perversely; corruptly. — Naughf- well-nigh nearly. i\ t. —
[neared (nerd), neae-
;

iness, n.
;

ING.] To approach, come nearer. v. i. To draw —

Nausea, naw'shc-a, n. Seasickness; any similar sick- near, approach. 2jrep. Adjacent to close by.— ;

ness of the stomach, accomijanied with a propen- Near'ly, -W, adv. At no great distance closely ; ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, f fi,re ; end, eve, term ; Xn, ice ; Sdd, tone, or
 — — —;

NEAT 263 NEOGENE

intimately ;
pressingly ; almost ; in a parsimonious nied or forbidden an opposite or contradictorv term
;

manner. or conception; aword that denies; veto; the relation

Neat, net, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as buUs, ox- of denial or opposition. (Pfiotog.) A picture upon
en, and cows. a. —
Belonging to the bovine genus, glass inwhich the lights and shadows are reversed^
as, neat cattle; also, pert, to such cattle. from which photographs, etc., may be printed.
Neat, net, a. Free from that which soils or disorders; r. t. [NEGATIVED (-tivd), -TiviXG.] To disprove;
clean; pleasing with simplicity; chaste; good in its to refuse to enact or sanction. Neglect', -lekt', —
kind; excellent; complete in character, skill, etc.; V. t. Not to treat with due attention; to suffer to
adroit; with all deductions made; net; tidy; trim; pass unimproved, unheeded, undone, etc.; to omit;
spruce. —
Net, a. {Com.) Pure; unadulterated; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight,
—
clear of all charges, deductions, etc. v. t. To gain — overlook, disregard. n. Omission of proper atten-
or produce as clear profit. tion; state of being disregarded. Neglect'fnl, -Jul, —
Neb, neb, ». The nose; snout; mouth; the beak of a a. Full of neglect; heedless; careless: inattentive;
bird; the bill; nib (of a pen). treating with neglect or slight indicating indiJier-
—
:

Nebula, neb'u-la, n. ; pi. -l.e, -le. (Astron.) misty A ence. Neg'ligence, -11-jens, n. (Quality of being
or cloud-like object in the distant heavens, often re- negligent; habitual neglect; a negligent act. Neg- —
solvable b.v the telescope into distinct stars. Neb'- — ligent, a. Apt to neglect; customarily neglectful;
nlous, -u-lus, «. Cloudy hazy. (Ast>-on.) Pert, to, heedless ; remiss. —
Negligee, neg'lT-zha'', n. An
or litce, a nebula nebular. Nebtdos'lty, -los'l-tT,
;

— easy, unceremonious attire a long necklace, usu-

;

—
:

n. State of being nebulous. (Astron.) The faint, ally uf red coral. Nego'tiate, -shl-at, r. i. To
misty appearance surrounding certain stars. transact business to treat with another respecting
;

Necessary, nes'es-sa-rt, a. Such as must be; inevita- purchase and sale; to treat with respecting a treaty,
ble; indispensable; essential; acting from necessity league, etc. v. t. —
To arrange for: to settle by deal-
or compulsion.— «. thing indispensable to someA ing and management; to sell, pass. Nego'tiable, —
purpose, —
chiefly in pi. a pri^'^y water-closet. ; ;
— o. Capable of being negotiated: transleraole by as-
Neces'aity, -ses'st-tl, n. Quality of being, etc. ; signment or indorsement to another person. Nego'- —
pressing need; indigence; want; that which is neces- tia'tion, -shl-a'shun, n. Act of negotiating the :

sary; a requisite, — chiefly in pi. irresistible force; ; transacting of business in traffic mercantile busi- ;

overruling power; fate; fatality. (Jletaph.) Denial ness trading the transaction of business between
:

—
;

of freedom to voluntary action. Neces'^sitate, —

nations. Nei'ther, ne'tiier oz-ni'ftier (see Either),
V. t. To make necessary or indispensable to force, j}ron. or prononiinal a. Not either not the one or
compel. —
Neces'sitous, -sT-tus, a. Very needy or
;

the other. —
conj. Not either. Neu'ter, nu'ter. o. — ;

indigent narrow destitute.

; ; Neither th« one thing nor the other: of neither side;
Neck, nek, n. The part of an animal's body connect- neutral: sexless. (Gram.) Of neither gender: nei-
ing head and trunk; any part of an inanimate ob- ther male nor female neither active nor passive ; ;

ject corresponding to a neck the long, slender part ; intransitive. (Bot.) Having neither stamens nor
of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd; esp., pistils. — 71. A
person who takes no part in a con-
a narrow tract of land connecting larger tracts. test a neutral the working bee, which is really
Necrology, ne-kroFo-jI, n. register of deaths. A — ;

an undeveloped female. (Bot.)

;

plant having A
Nee 'reman 'cy, -sT, n. Art of revealing future neither stamens nor pistils. Neti'tral, a. Not ^
events by pretended communication with the dead ; engaged on either side neuter indifferent nei- ; : :

conjuration; enchantment; the black art, q. v., un- ther very good nor bad; of medium quality. (Bot.)
der BL.A.CK. —
Necrop'olis, n. city of the dead A ;
Having neither stamens nor idstils. n. person A
cemetery graveyard. or nation that takes no part in a contest between
Nectar, nek'tar, n.
;

{Mi/th. & Poet.) The drink of the others. —

Neutrality, -traKi-tT, n. State of being-
gods; the honey in certain flowers and plant glands; neutral indifference a combination of neutral
—
:

—
;

a sweet, pleasant, or delicious beverage. Nec'tar- powers or states. Neu'tralize. r. t. [-ized (-izd),.
ine, -tar-in, n. (Rot.) variety of peach, with a A -iziXG.] To render neutral. (Chem.) To destroy
smooth rind. —
Nec'tary, -ta-rl, n. {Bot.) The the effect of, render inert. To destroy the peculiar
honey-gland of a flower. properties or opposite dispositions of.^Nev'er, adv.
Nse, na, i). p. Born,— used to denote the family name Not ever; not at any time in no degree; not in the ;

of a woman before her marriage. least: not.— Nev'ertheleBs'. adv. Not the less not- ;

Need, ned, n. A state that requires supply or relief; withstanding ; in spite ol that ; however ; at least
urgent want; poverty; indigence; exigency; strait; yet.
extremitj'. v. t. —
To be in want of, lack. [With Negro, ne'gro, v.: jl. -gkoes, -gioz. black man; A
another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, and un- esp., one of a race having protruding lips and woolly
dergoes no change of termination in the .3d pers. hair, inhabiting a portion of tropical Africa. Ne'- —
sing, of the pres. tense.] v. i. To be wanted, be — gress, n. A birck wcman a female negro. Ne'- : —
necessary. —
Needs, n'/c. Of necessity; necessarily; groid, a. Characteristic of or resembling the negro.
indispensably. —
Need'y, -t, a. [-ier, -iest.] Dis- — Nig'ger, ?). A negro,— in contempt. Nigres'- —
tressedby want of the means of living; necessitous. cent, ni-gres'sent, a. GrowiLg black changing to
— Need'iess, a. Having no need in want of noth- ; a black color.
;

ing unnecessary; not requisite. — Need '£111, -ful, a.

; Negus, ne'gus, n. A beverage made of wine, water^
Full of need needy; requisite. ; sugar, nutmeg, and lemon-juice.
Needle, ne''dl, n. A slender, pointed steel instrument Neigh, na, r. z. [neighed (nad), xeighixg.] To cry
with an eye, used in sewing a knitting-needle a ; ; as a horse: to whinny. n. The natural cry of "a —
magnetized bar of steel, resting on a pivot, in a com- horse a whinnying.
:

pass, so as to turn freely toward the magnetic poles Neighbor, na'ber,'?i. One who lives near one; one en-
of the earth ; any slender pointed object a pointed ; titled to, or exhibiting, neighborly kindnes.s; one of
crystal a sharp pinnacle of rock, etc. r. i. To — the human race. a. —
Near to another: adjoinin":;
—
;

shoot into the form of needles. Nee'dleful, -ful, — next. r.t. [neigheoped (-berd), -boking.] 'lo
n. ; pi. -FULS. As much thread as is put at once into adjoin, border on, he near to. Neigh'borhood, —
a needle. -h(56d, n. Quality or condition of being a neighbor;
Ne'er, nar, adv. contr. of never. A
Ne'er'-do-weel, — vicinity; adjoining district: a region whose inhabit-
-wel, n. A
good-for-nothing; one who will never do ants may be counted iis neighbors; inhabitants liv-
good. ing in the vicinity of each other. Neigh'boriiig, a.
—
—
Nefarious, ne-fa'rt-us, a. "Wicked in the extreme ; Living or being near. Neigh'borly, -ber-ll, a. Be-
atrociously villainous; detestable: infamous; impi- coming a neighbor kind social friendly culti- ; ; ; ;

ous. —
Nega'tion, n. Act of denying; denial state- ; vating familiar intercourse.
ment of what a thing is not, or has not, etc. Neg'a- — Neither. See under Nefarious.
tive, -tiv, a. Implying or containing denial, nega- Neogene, ne'o-jen, 71. (Geol.) designation for the A
tion, or refusal the opposite of aflirmative or pos-
; miocene and pliocene tertiary formations. Neol''- —
itive marked by absence of what is appropriate or
; ogy, -oKo-jt, n. Introduction of a new word, or of
expected having the effect of stopping or restrain-
; new words, into a language; new doctrines, esp. in
ing. n. A
proposition by which something is de- theology. —
Neolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to neol-

Biin, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow. oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 NEPHEW 264 NICHE
ogy employing new words.
; NeoKogisni, -jizm, n. — Nettle, net'tl, n. plant covered with A minute sharp
Introduction of new words or doctrines a new : hairs containing a poison
word, expression, or doctrine. Ne''opli3rte, -o-fit, — that produces a very
11. A new convert or proselyte a novice tyro. ; ; painful sensation. ?;. t. —
Nephew, nef u, Eng. pron. nev'u, n. A son of one's [NETTLED (-tld),
brother or sister. —
Nep''otism, -tizm, n. Tondness — TL I NG . ] To fret or
for, or favoritism shown to, relations. sting, irritate or vex.
Nerve, nerv, n. Physical force or steadiness firm- ; — Neftle-rashi n.
ness of mind ; self-command courage. (Anat.)
; {Med.) An eruptive dis-
One of the fibers which establish communication ease resembling the ef-
between the parts of the body, and the brain and fects of whipping with a
spinal cord, or the central ganglia. (Bot.) One of nettle; urticaria.
the simple parallel veins or ribs of a leaf, etc. v. t. Neuralgia, Netirotic, etc. —
[>'EEVED (nervd), ^^EKVI^'G.] To give strength or See under Nekve.
vigor to. Nerv^ine, -In, a. {Med.) Quieting nerv- Neuter, Neutral, Never,
ous excitement. n. Nerve substance. {Med.) etc. See under Nefaki- A
.

medicine which acts upon the nerves. Nerv'ous, ous. —

-us, a. Possessing nerve strong vigorous ; mani- New, nu, a. Having ex-
; ;

festing mental vigor pert, to, or seated in, the

; isted, or having been
nerves; full of nerves; having the nerves weak or made, but a short time;
diseased easily agitated. — Ne'aral''gia, nu-raKjI-a,
; of late origin lately
A
;

n. {Med.) disease, whose chief symptom is acute Nettle.

manifested recently in- ;

pain, which follows the course of a nervous branch, vented, discovered, or established as true strange; ;

extends to its ramifications, and seems to be seated starting anew recommencing not ancient mod-
in the nerve. —
Neural'gic, -jik, «. Pert, to neural- ern not worn out or defaced by use unaccus-
; ; ;

gia. — Neuro'ma, -ma, n. (Fathol.) tumor on A

tomed unfamiliar fresh from anything novel.
; ;

a nerve. —
Neiirop-'- —
New'ly, -W, ofZt'. Lately; freshly; recently; in a
; ; ;

ter, n. One of an manner not existing before with a new form. ;

—
order of insects New^'ness, n. State or quality of being new, or of
having 4 em mb r a- being first known or introduced novelty innova- ; ;

n o u s, transparent tion recent charge want of practice or familiar- ; ;

wings, as the drag- ity; different state or qualities introduced by change

on-fly. —
Neurop^- or regeneration. News, ntiz, n. [Plural in form, —
teral, a. Pert, to, but united with a verb in the sing.] Recent intel-
etc. —
Neurot'ic, a. ligence fresh information tidings information ; ; ;

Eelating to, seated of what has recently happened or of what was be-
in, or useful in disor- fore unknown advice. News''inon''ger, n. One —
ders of, the nerves. who deals in news. News'^paper, n. public print
;

— A
—n. A
drug affect- that circulates news, advertisements, etc.
ing primarily the Newel, nu''el, n. {Arch.) The upright post about
functions of intel- Neuropter. which the steps of a circular staircase wind; the post
lection, sensibility, at the angles and foot of a staircase.
Caddis-fly {Phryania).
or motility, as — Newt, nut, n. small water lizard an eft. A ;

aconite, alcohol, chloral, ether, digitalis, opium, etc. Nest, nekst, a. ; superl. of nigh. Nearest in place,
—Neurot''omy, -o-ml, n. Art or practice of dissect- time, degree, quality, rank, right, or relation; ad-
ing the nerves an incised wound of a nerve.
; joining in a series. adv. At the time or turn near- —
Kest, nest, n. The receptacle prepared by a bird for est or immediately succeeding.
hatching and Nib, nib, n. Something small and pointed; a prong;
rearing her esp. the bill or beak of a bird, or point of a pen.—
young; place in V. t. To furnish with a nib; to point; to cut ofL the
which egg? of point of. Nip'ple, -pi, n. The protuberance on the —
insects, turtles, breast of females from which milk is drawn a teat, ;

etc., are laid; pap any small projection hiving a perforation, as

;

a snug resi- that part of a gun-lock on which the cap is placed.

dence or situa- Nibble, nib^bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -being.] To eat
tion a collec- slowly or in small bits. v. i. To bite gently, or a lit- —
;

tion of boxes, tle at a time. n. little bite, or seizing as if to bite. — A

cases, etc., of Nice, nis, a. Pleasing to the senses; esp. to tlie taste;
graduated size. agreeable; gratifying; wrought bj' a skillful work-
—v.i. To build man; produced by an acute or
and occupy a fastidious mind; requiring to be
nest. v.t. To daintily touched, discussed, or
form a nest for. judged of; refined; showing
— Nest'le, delicacy or refinement; distin-
nes'ljV.i. [-LED guishing accurately or minute-
ly over scrupulous or exact ;

nf cloJ^^'a ^d Nest of Thistle-bird. hard to please or satisfy scru-

pulously and minutely cautious;
;

snug, as a bird in her nest to move about in one's

seat, like a bird when forming her nest.
;

v. t. To —
dainty; fine; precise; fastidious;
house, as in a nest; to cherish, as a bird her young. squeamish finical. Nic'ety, —
—Nest'ling, nes'ling, n. young bird inAthe nest, -e-tT, n. Quality of being nice
;

or just taken from the nest. daintiness, as, delicate manage-

fcTet, net, n. A
texture of twine, etc., with open ment or, delicacy of percep- ;

meshes, arranged in various forms, for catching tion; a minute distinction pre- ; :

fish, birds, or beasts anything fitted to entrap or cision or, excess of delicacj'
;

deceive; a snare; any fabric of open texture, as one fastidiousness a delicaC3^

;

;
— ;

to inclose the hair. -^i'. t. To make into a net, or used in pl._

net-work: to take in a net. v. i. —
To form net- Nicene, ni''sen or ni-sen'', a. Of,
work. —
Net'' ting, n. A piece of net-work. Nef- —
or pert, to, Nice, in Asia Minor,
work, n. A fabric of threads, cords, or wires cross- where the Nicene creed, a sum-
ing each other at certain intervals, and secured at mary of Christian faith, was
the crossings. composed, A. d. 325.
Net, a. IJnaduUerate, clear of deduction. Niche, nich, n. cavity or re-
Niche.
A
Neth'er, netli'^er, a. Lying or hoiiiii; beneath, or in cess, generally within the thick-
the lower part lower. ; —
Neth'ermost, a. Lowest. ness of a wall, for a statue, bust, etc.

a,m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In. ice ;, iSdd. tone, Qr
 — —;; — — — — —

NICK 265 NOBLE

IHck, nik, n. {Northern Myth.) An evil spirit of the ed by 19 one of 19 equal parts the next in order
waters hence Old Nick, the devil.
; after the 18th.
;

— Nine'ty, -tl, a.
;

Nine times 10; one

Kick, nik, n. A
notch cut into something a score more than 89. n. The sum of 9 times
10 a svmbol
for keeping an account a hit the exact point or
;

representing ninety units, as 90 or xc. Nine'tieth, — ;

critical moment. —
v.t. Tnicked (^nikt), nicking.]
; ;

-tt-eth, a. Next in order after the 89th; being ont; of

To cut in notches to maKe nicks in, notch; to suit
; 90 equal parts. —
n. The quotient of a unit divided
or fit into, as one nick or notch into another; to hit by 90 one of 90 equal parts; the next in order after
;

to strike at the precise point or time to gain an ad- ; the S9th.

vantage over, cozen, defeat to hit witn a teUing ; NiMiy, nin'nT, n. A fool ; simpleton ; dolt.
name or epithet. Nip, nip, V. t. [NIPPED (nipt) less properly nipt,
Nickel, nik-^l, n. (Jilin.) hard gravish-white metal A nipping.] To catch or inclose and compress tightly
of considerable luster, very malleable and ductile: between two surfaces or edges brought together; tc»
it is used in various alloys and in plating; in the U. pinch; to remove by piucliiug, biting, or cutting with
S., a coin (1, 2, or 5 cents) made partly of nickel. 2 meeting edges of anything; to blast, as by frost; to
Nick-nack. Same as Knickknack. destro}^; to bite, vex. 7i. —
seizing or closing in A
Nickname, nik'nam, n. A name given in contempt, upon; "a pinch with the nails or teetn; a small "cut,
derision, or sportive familiarity. v. t. [nicknamed — or a cutting off the end; a blast; destruction by frost;
(-narad), -naming.] To give a name of reproach or a biting sarcasm taunt a sip (esp. of intoxicating ;

—
;

lamiUanty to. liquor). Nip'per, n. One who

Nicotian, nt-ko''shan, a. Pert, to, or derived from or that ifhich, etc.; a fore tooth i

tobacco. —
Nic'otin, -tine, -tin, w. An oily, limpid, of ahorse; a small draught; sip;
nip. pi. Small pincers for hold-
'

and highly poisonous Uquid alkaloid yielded by

tobacco. i n g, breaking, or cutting.
Niece, nes, n. A
daughter of one's brother or sister. (Naut.^ A
number of yarns Nippers.
Niggard, nig^gard, n. One meanly close and covet- marled togetlier, to secure a cable to the messenger.
ous; amiser. —
a. Meanly covetous; sordidly parsi- Nipple. See under Nib.
monious miserlv. ;
—
Nig''gardly, -It, a. Meanly- Nisan, ni'^san, n. The 1st month of the Jewish sacred
avaricious in dealing with others; cautiously avoid- year, answering to April, orig. called Abib.
ing profusion; penurious. Nisi, ni''si, conj. Unless; if not. [L.] Nisi pnvs. —
Nigger. See under Negeo. (Law.) Unless before, —
a phrase applied to terms
Nigh, ni, a. [nighek; nighest or next.] Not dis- of court, held generally by a single judge, with a
tent in place or time; near; not remote in degree, jury, for the trial of civil causes.
kindred, circumstances, etc. closelj' allied adja- Nit, nit, n. The egg of a louse or other small insect.
—
; ;

cent contiguous; intimate.

; adv. In a situation Niter, -tre, ni'ter, n. (Chem.) white, crystalline A
near in place or time, or in the course of events; al- salt, nitrate of potassa, having a pungent, saline
—
most nearly. prep. Near to not distant from. taste, —
used in the manufacture of gunpowder, etc.;
;

Night, nit, n. The time from sunset to sunrise; dark-

;

saltpeter, — Ni^'trate, -trat, n. A salt formed by the

ness; obscurity; ignorance; a state of affliction or union of nitric acid with a base. — Nitrate of silver.
distress; adversity; death; the time of the absence A transparent crystalline substance obtained by dis-
of life from nature.— Night 'ly, -It, a. Done by night solving silver in nitric acid: when fused it becomes
done every night. aclv. By night —
in the night; ; limar caustic. — Ni'tride, -trid, n. A compound of
every night.— Night ''ingale, -ga) n. A small migra- nitrogen with any other element or radical, as with
tory bird of Europe, Asia, and Africa, which sings
,

phosphorus, silicon, or one of the metals. Ni'^tric, —

sweetly at night; philomel. Night'mare, -mar, ?i. — a. Compounded of nitrogen and oxygen. See Ni-
A state of oppression during sleep, with horror, anx- TEOUS. Nitric acid. A
powerful, corrosive acid,
iety, and a desire to call for helj), and a sense of containing 5 equivalents of oxygen and 1 of nitro-
pressure on the chest or stomach; incubus; any over- gen. — Ni'trous, -trus, -try, -trT, a. Compounded
whelming, oppressive, or stupefying influence. — of nitrogen with a smaller proportion of oxygen
Night'^-sbade, n. (Bot.) low, branching, annual A than in a nitric compound; pert, to, containing, pro-
plant, of several species, having very small white ducing, or hke, niter. Nitrous oxide gas. gaseous A
flowers, and round berries, and poisonous properties. oxide of nitrogen, used as an anesthetic, esp. by
Nigrescent. See under Negeo. dentists; laughing gas. — Ni^'trogen, -tro-jen, n. A
Nil, nil, n. Nothing, —
a term used in canceling, in gaseous element, without taste, odor, or color, form-
book-keeping, meaning to take no notice of that to ing nearly 4-5ths of common air, and incapable of
which it refers. — Ni'lmism, ni''hil-izm, n. Nothing- supporting life azote. —
Ni'tro-glyc'erine, -glis'er-
;

ness ; doctrine that nothing can be known.

nihihty ; in, n. A
compound produced by the action of a
The socially destructive principles
(^Bitss. Politics.) mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glyc-
maintained by the organization of Nihilists, who erine at low temperatures: it detonates when struck
disbelieve in any permanent improvement in the and explodes with great violence. The mixture of
social condition or progress of man, and who consti- nitro-glycerine with silicious earth produces dyna-
tute a secret revolutionary society, devoted to the mite or giant-poivder ; with gunpowder, or with saw-
destruction of the present form of government. — dust and nitrate of sodium or barium, lithofractenr;
NFhilist, n. An advocate of, etc.— Nihil'^ity, -hiKt- with gunpowder, Colonia 2:)0wder ; with sawdust, or
tX,n. Nothingness; a state of being notMng. with sawdust and nitrate of potassium and some
Nimble, nim'bl, a. [-blee, -blest.] Light and quick other substances, dualin ; with wood fiber, lignose.
in motion agile briskj prompt. No, no, adv. Nay, —
a word of denial or refusal; not.
;

Nincompoop, nin^kum-poop, Nin'^kom,

;

n. A silly — n. ; pi. Noes, noz. A refusal by use of the word

fool; bloclihead; simpleton. no; a denial: a negative vote; one who votes in the
Nine, nin, a. One more than 8,
or one less than 10. — negative. —
No, a. Not any; not one; none. None, —
n. The sum of 5 and 4 a symbol representing nine nun, a. and p>ro7i. No one; not anything no not
units, as 9 or ix; the players on one side in a game
;

any. — No''body, -bod-t, n. No person no one ;

; ;

of base ball, 9 in number. The Nine. The 9 Muses: not anybody a person of no importance. Noth'-
;

—
see Muse. —
Nine'fold, a. Nine times repeated.
;

ing, nuth'^ing, n. Not anything no thing; non-ex- ;

Ninth, a. Following the 8th and preceding the 10th; istence nonentity
; nihilitj' not anything of ac-
; :

being one of 9 equal parts into which anything is count, value, note, etc. a trifle. adv. In no de- ;

divided. n. —
The quotient of a unit divided by gree; not at all. —
No''way,^ways, -waz, adv. In no
9; one of 9 equal parts. {Mus.) An interval contain- manner or degree not at all nowise. No'where, —
ing an octave and a second; a chord consisting of the
;

adv. Not anywhere not in any place or state. ;

;

—
common chord, with the 8th advanced one note^ No'wise, adv. Not in anj' manner or degree.
Niiith''ly, adv. In the 9th place. Nine'teen, -ten, — Noble, no''bl, a. [-bler, -blest.] Possessing emi-
a. Nine and ten. —
n. The sum of 10 and 9 a nence, elevation, dignity, etc.; above whatever is low,
symbol representing nineteen units, as 19 or xix.
;

^ mean, degrading, or dishonorable grand magnifi- ; ;

Nine'^teenth, a. Following the 18th and preceding cent splendid of exalted rank of aristocratic or
; ; ;

the 20th; being one of 19 equal parts into which any- patrician family; sublime; great; eminent; stately;
thing is divided. —
n. The quotient of a unit divid- magnanimous; liberal; free. n. A nobleman; peer;
.

sQn, cube, full ; moon, ffiOt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 NOBODY 266 NONES
a money of account, and, formerly, a gold coin, to things. — No'menclafure, -kla-'chur, n. A sys-
worth about $1.61. —
NobU'ity, -biFl-tr, n. The tem of technical names in a particular branch of sci-
quality of beintc noble, as, dignity greatness ; ; ele- ence; terminology.
vation, superiority of mind and of quality or, no- ; Nonage, Nonagenarian, Nonagon, etc. See under
ble birth patrician dignity
;
distinction by rank, ; Nones.
station, and title the aristocratic or patrician class ; Nonage, non''aj, n. The time of life before a person
the peerage. — ;

No'bleman, n. ; pi. -jiex. One of the becomes of age; minority. Non'-attend''ance, -ans —
nobility a noble peer.
;
—
Nobless'', -blesse'', -bles'',
; n. Failure to attend. Nonchalance, nawN-sha.—
11. The nobility; persons of noble rank collectively. laNS'', n. Indifference; carelessness; coolness.
— Nob, n. slang A
contr. of nobleman a swell. — Nonchalant, -laN'', a. Indifferent careless cool.
Nob'by, -bT, a. Stylish; modish; fashionable.
;

— Non-commis''sioned, -mish'und,
;

a. Not having
;

JNobody. See under ^^o. a commission. — Non-comndssioned officer. An of

Nocturn, nok''tern, n. An act of religious service by ficer of a rank below lieutenant; a warrant officer
night one of the portions into which the Psalter — Non-commit''tal, n. A state of not being com.
—
;

was divided, designed to be used at such a night-ser- mitted or pledged to any course. Non-compli'-
vice. —
Nocturne'', -tern'', n. {Painting.) ni^ht- A ance, -ans, n. Neglect or failure of compliance. —
piece, night-scene. {Mus.) piece to be played as A Non com''pos, N. c. not of sound
men''ti8. Lit.,
a serenade. —
Noctiir''nal, a. Pert, to, done, or oc- mind. —
n. An idiot; lunatic.
Non-conduct''or, n. —
curring at night; seeking food at night. A substance which does not transmit or permit the
ITod, nod, v. i. To bend or incline the upper part, passage of a substance, fluid, or force, as heat, elec-
with a quick motion; to make a slight bow in assent tricity, etc., or which transmits it with difficulty.
or salutation to be drowsy. v. t. To incline or — — Non-conform''ist, n. One who does not conform
;

bend, as the head or top to make a motion of as- ; to an established church. —

Non-conform''ity, -T-tl,
sent, of salutation, or of drowsiness with ; to sig- n. Neglect of conformity; esp., in Eng., refusal to
nify by a nod. n. —
bending forward of the A unite with the established church in its worship.
upper part or top; quick downward or forward mo- — Non con^'stat. It is not clear, or does not ap-
tion of the head, in assent, salutation, drowsiness, pear. —
Non-content'', n. {British House of Lords.)
as a signal, etc. One who gives a negative vote. Non^'descript, —
'Koddle, nod'^dl, a. The head, used jocosely or con- — -de-skript, a. Not hitherto described; novel; odd;
temptuously. abnormal irregular. ; n. A thing —
not yet de-
Node, nod, n. A knot; knob; protuberance; a swell- scribed; something abnormal, or hardly classifiable.
ing, as of a bone, tendon, etc. {Astron.) — Nonen''tity, -tT-tt, n. Non-existence; negation of
One of the points where 2 great celes- being; a thing not existing; a person of no account;
tial circles intersect each other, or the a nobody. —
Non-essen''tial, -shal, a. Not essential.
orbit of a satellite intersects that of its — 71. Athing which, etc. Non est inven'tus. —
primary. (Bot.) The joint of a stem Lit., he is not found. {Laio.) The return of a
oval figure, or knot,
Node. sheriff' on a writ, when the defendant is not found
iGeom.) The
formed by the folding of a curve upon itself. — in liis county. —
Non-exist''ence, n. Absence of ex-
Nod''al, a. or like, etc.
Pert, to, Nodose'', no-dos'', — istence nonentity a thing that has no being. —
a. Having knots or swelling joints ; knotted, — Non -
;

exist'ent, a.
;

Not having existence. — Non-

Nod''ule, n8d''ul, n. A
rounded mass of irregular observ'ance, n. Neglect or failure to observe or
shape; a little knot or lump. fulfill. —
NonpareiK, -pa-reK, n. Something of un-
ITog, nog, 71. A
little pot; noggin; a kind of strong ale; equaled excellence; a sort of apple; a small sugar-,
a wooden pin or treenail; a timber brick. Nog''gin, — plum; a kind of narrow ribbon; a brilliantly col-
n. A small mug or wooden cup a measure 1 gill. ; = ored singing bird, of the finch family; a printing
— Nog''ging, n. A
partition of scantlings filled with type, in size between ruby and emerald.
bricks.
Ifoise, noiz, n. Sound of any kind; esp., over-loud,
3^^ This line is printed in nonpareil type.
empty, confused, or senseless sound; loud or contin- — a. Having no equal; peerless. —
Non'plus,w. In-
uous talk; discussion; stir; outcry; clamor; din; up- superable difficulty state of embarrassment ; in-
roar. —
Vi i. [NOISED (noizd), noising.] To sound ability to say, do, or decide
;

puzzle. v. t. —
[non-
loud. —
r. t. To spread by rumor or report; to disturb plused (-plust), -PLUSING.]
;

To puzzle, confound,
with noise. —
Nois''y, -T, o. [-iee, -iest.] Making put to a stand. — Non pros. {Law.) A judgment
a noise, clamor, etc. entered against the plaintiff in a suit where he
Uoisome, noi''sum, a. Injurious to health ; unwhole- does not appear to prosecute. Non''-pros, v. t. —
some unsalubrious destructive ; offensive to the
; ; [-PROSSED (-prost), -PEOSSiNG.] To fail to prosecute.
smell or other senses disgusting fetid noxious. ; ; ; — Non-res''idence, n. Failure or neglect of residing
Nolle prosequi, noKle-pros^e-kwi. {Law.) phrase A at the place where one is stationed. Non-res''ident, —
denoting that a plaintiff discontinues his suit, or the a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own
attorney for the public a prosecution. estate, or in one's proper place. n. One who does —
Nomad, -ade, nonT'ad, n. One of a tribe that has no not reside in, or is not a resident of, a particular
fixed location, but wanders from place to place in place, —
applied esp., in Eng.. to clergymen who liv8
search of game or pasture. Nome, nom, n. prov- — A awav from theircures; absentee. — Non-resist''ance,
ince or political division, esp. of modern Greece or n. The ijrinciples or practice of a non-resistant
of ancient Egypt. —
Nom''archy, nSm^ar-kl, n. A passive obedience. — Non-resist''ant, a. Making no
nome; a province of modern Greece. Nomad'ic, a. — resistance to power, oppression, or violence. n. —
Pert, to, or like, etc. wandering. ; One who maintains that no resistance should be
Nome. See under Nomad. made to constituted avxthority, even when unjustly
Nominal, nom'T-nal, a. Pert, to a name or term; ver- or oppressively exercised; one who holds that wron^
bal; existing in name only: not real or substantial. or violence should not be resisted by force. Non''- —
— Nom''inalism, -izm, The principles of nomi- n. sense, n. That which is not intelligible, is not sense,
nalists. — Nom'inalist, w. {Metaph.) One of a sect or has no meaning; trifles; things of no importance.
of philosophers in the middle ages, who held that — Nonsens''ical, a. Unmeaning; absurd; foolish.
general conceptions, or universals, exist in name Non seq'uitur, -sek''wl-ter. Lit., it does not fol-
only. —
Nom'^inally, adi\ By name, or in name low. {Logic.) An inference which does not follow
only. —
Nom''inate, -nat, v.t. To mention by name —
from the premises. Non'' suit, -sut, n. {Law.) A
to name; to appoint; to propose by name, or offer judgment against a plaintiff who is unable to prove
the name of, as a candidate for office. Nomina''- — or does not follow up his case. v. t. To adjudge or —
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; power of record (a plaintiff) as having dropped his suit, upon
nominating. —
Nom'inative, -tiv, a.. Naming; des- his withdrawal or failure to follow it up.
,

ignating,— said of a case of a noun. n. {Gram.)

The simple form (or case) of a noun which may be
— Nonce, nons, n. The present occasion or purpose-
in the phrase ./"or f^e Jionce.
the subject of a verb. Nom'inee', -ne'', n. One — None. See under No.
proposed for an office; one nominated for election Nones, nonz, n. pi. {Roman Caletidar.) The 7th day
to olfice. — No''mencla'tor, n. One who gives names of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of

am. fame, faa:. pass or opera, fare ; end. eve, term : tn. Tee : 5dd, tone, 6r j
 — ;
; ;

NON-ESSENTIAL 267 NOTHING

other months, —
being the 9th day before the ides. — Norwe'gian, -we'jan, a. Of, or pert, to, Norway.
(Eom. Cath. Ch.) A season of prayer, orig. observed — n. A native or inhabitant of, etc. — Norse, a. Of,
at the 9th hour =
3 P. Ji^, afterwarcls changed to_mid- or pert, to, ancient Scandinavia. — n. The language
dav, whence noon, q. v. Non'age, nSn^aj, n. — of, etc. — Norse'man, -men. An inhabitant
71. ; /jZ.
(^I^ccl.) A
payment formerly made to the clergy of of ancient Scandinavia a Northman. — Nor^'roy, n. ;

the l-9th part of the movable goods of persons {Her.) The 3d of the 3 Eng. kin^s at arms, or provin-
dying in their parishes. —
Noii''agena''rian, -je-na'- cial heralds: his jurisdiction is N. of the Trent.
rl-an, n. One who is 90 years old. Non^agon, 7i. — Nose, noz, n. The prominent part of the face, which is
iMath.) A
polygon having 9 sides and 9 angles. — the organ of smell; power of smelling; scent; a pro-
Nonill'ion, -yun, n. By the common, or French, jecting end or vent; a snout; nozzle. r. ^ [nosed —
notation, a thousand octillions, or 1 with .'50 ciphers (nozd;, NOSING.] To smell, scent; hence, to track; to
annexed bv Eng. notation, a million octillions, or
; oppose to the face, affront. r.i. To smell; to carry —
1 with 54 cipners annexed. —
Nov'enary, -e-na-rl, a. the nose high, strut to pry ofliciouslv into what
Pert, to the number 9. —
Noven'nial, -n f-al, a. Done does not concern one.
;

—
Nos'tril, nos-'tril, n. One
every 9th year. —
Novem''ber, n. The 11th month of of the 2 channels through the nose which give pas-
the year, —
the 9th of the Roman year. sage to the air we breathe, and to the secretions of
Non-essential, Nonpareil, Nonsuit, etc. See under the nose. —
Noz'zle, -zl, n. The nose; snout; pro-
XO'AGE^ jecting vent of anything. Nuz'zle, v. i. [-zled —
Noodle, noo'dl, n. A
simpleton blockhead. ; (-zld), -ZLiNG.] To work with the nose, like swine
Noodle, noo^'dl, n. A
thin strip of dough, made with in the»-mud; to go with the nose thrust out and
eggs, rolled, cut in small pieces, and used in soup. down, like swine; to hide the head, as a child in
Nook, n(56k or nook, n. A corner; recess; secluded re- the mother's bosom; to nestle. v. t. To nestle; to —
treat. house, as in a nest.
Koon, noon, n. The middle
of the day; midday; 12 Nostalgia, nos-tal-'jl-a, n. Melancholv resulting from
o'clock; the time of greatest brilliancy; culminating absence from one's home homesickness. ;

point. —
a. Pert, to midday; meridional. Nostrum, nos'trum, n. A
quack or patent medicine.
Noose, nooz or noos, n. A
running knot, which binds Not, not, adv. A
word that expresses negation, denial,
the closer the more it is drawn. v. t. [noosed — or refusal.
(noozt or noost), ^'00SI^G.] To tie or catch in a Notable, Notary, etc. See under Note.
noose, insnare. Notch, ftoch, n. A
nick indentation a hollow cut
—
; ;

Nor, nor, conj. A

negative connective or particle, in- in anything a deep, close pass or defile.
; v. t.
troducing the 2d member or clause of a negative [NOTCHED (nocht), NOTCHING.] To cut in small
proposition, following neither, or not, in the first hollows to place in a notch.
;

neither and not. Note, not, n. A

mark or token; visible sign; symbol;
;

Noria, no'rl-a, n. A Persian wheel, a water wheel — a sign to call attention, to point out something to
used in Spain, etc., for irrigating notice, etc. a memorandum minute
; a brief re- ; ;

land, which is turned by the ac- mark; annotation; comment, esp. at the side or foot
tion of a stream against its floats, of a page; a short letter; biUet; a diplomatic paper;
and raises water in pendent buck- a paper acknowledging a debt, and promising pay-
ets to a trough at top. ment; observation; notice; reputation; distinction.
Norm, nSrm, n. A rule or authorita- f| Ijl. A writing to be spoken from, being a synopsis
model tj'pe. —
i

tive standard ; ; uj or full text of what is to be said. (3Ius.) A character

Nor'^mal, a. According to" an es- Im- to indicate the lehgth of a tone; a musical sound; a
tablished norm, rule, or princi tone. — v.t. To notice with care; observe, remark,
pie; conformed to a type or re^-
ular form; ordinary; analogical.
^ heed; to record in writing; to denote, stand for, des,
ignate. — Not'^able, a. Noticeable; evident; worthy
J5^.„ —
— n. A perpendicular. (GeoiJi.) ^^^§ of notice; remarkable; noted or distinguished. ?i.

A straight line perpendicular to ^= A ^person, or thing, of note or distinction. Not'- —

the tangent of a curve at a n y ~=
|

abil''ity, n. Quality of being notable a remark-

point, and included between the Noria. able person or thing. —
No'tary, -ta-rt, n. A pub-
;

curve and the axis of the abscis- lic officer who attests deeds and other writings, cer-
sas. —
Normal school. A
school whose methods of tifies copies of documents, receives affidavits, pro-
—
instruction are to serve as a model for imitation; tests bills of exchange, etc., generally called a
an institution for the education of teachers. notary public. —
Nota''tion, n. Act, practice, or
Norman, Norroy, Norse. See under North. method, of recording anything by marks, figures,
North, north, n. The direction opposite to the south. or characters; esp., in arithmetic and algebra, the
— a. Lying toward, or situated at the N. v. i. expressing of numbers and quantities by figures
To turn or rhove toward the N. — North-east', n. or signs the system of signs and characters so em-
;

The point between the N. and E., atan egual dis- ployed. —No''tice, -tis, n. Act of noting, remark-
tance from each. a. —
Pert, to, or proceeding from ing, or observing; cognizance; intelligence; knowl-
the N. E. —
North-east'erly, a. Toward, or coming edge given or received intimation warning a ; ; ;

from, etc. —
North-easfern, a. Pert, tn, being in, writing containing formal, customary information
or in a direction to, the N. E. North-north-east, — a critical review or remarks; respectful treatment;
North-west. etc. See Compass. North''er, norfch'- — attention: heed; advice; news. v. t. [noticed —
er, w. A
wind or gale, from the N. North''erly, — (-tist), NOTICING.] To take note of, pay attention
-er-lT, a. Being toward the N.; northern; from the to; to take public note of, remark upon, make
N. — aflv. Toward the N. in a northern direction; observations on to treat with attention and civil-
:

proceeding front a northern point. Nor'therliness, — ities. —No'ticeable, a. Capable of being observed;
w. — Nortt'em, a. Being in. near to, or in a direc- worthy of observation likely to attract observa- ;

tion toward, the N. —

North^erner, ??. A native or tion. — No'tifica'tion, n. Act of notifying, giving
resident in the N. —
North'ernmost, a. Situated at notice, or making known; notice given in words,
the point furthest N.— North^ing, n. {Surv. &. Nav.) writing, or signs; the writing which communicates
Distance northward from any point of departure, information; an advertisement, citation, etc. No'- —
measured on a meridian. (Astr-on.) The distance tify. V. t. [-riED (-fid), -eying.] To make known,
of any heavenly body from the equator northward. declare, publish; to give notice to. No'tion, n. —
— Nortli''most, a. Northernmost. North'ward, a. — Mental apprehension of whatever may be known or
Being toward the N., or nearer to it than the E. and imagined idea conception iudgment opinion
; ; ; ;

—
W. points. North'ward, -wards, aclr. Toward the belief: a small article; trifling tning, chiefly in pi. —
;

N., or toward a point nearer to the N. than the E. — No'tional, a. Consisting of, or conveying, no-
and W. points. —
North-'wardly, a. Having a north- tions or ideas existing in idea only visionary;
ern direction. —
adv. In a northern direction. — ;

imaginary; given to foolish or visionary expecta-

;

North ''man, n. ; pi. -mex. One of the inhabitants of tions whimsical fanciful. — Noto''rions, -rT-us, a.
the N. of Europe the ancient Scandinavians.
;
— ; ;

Generally known and talked of by the public; usu-

Nor'^man, n. A native or inhabitant of Normandy. all;f known to disadvantage
, conspicuous. ;

— a. Pertaining to Normandy, or to the Normans. Nothing, etc. See under No.

stta, cube, fijll ; moon, f6&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 NOTWtTHSTANDING 268 NUPTIAL
Notwithstanding, not-witii-stand''in2:, prep. Without Nugget, nug^get, n. A
lump; mass, esp. of a precious
opposition, prevention, or obstruction from; in spite metal.
ot; desisite. —
adv. or conj. This not obstructing or Nuisance, nu'sans, n. That which annoys or gives
preventing nevertheless' however.
; ; trouble and vexation. (L*ic.) Something that pro-
Nought, nawt, n. Same as Xal'ght. duces inconvenience and damage.
Noun, nown, n. (Gram.) A word used as the desig- Null, nul, «. Of no legal or binding force or validity;
nation of a creature or thiiig, etc. a name; a sub- ; invalid; void; nugatory; of no significance. Nul- —
stantive. lifica'tion, n. Act of nullifying^; a rendering void
Nourish, ner-'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -isniXG.] To and of no effect, or of no legal effect; esp. a refusal,
feed and cause to grow; to furnish with nutriment; by a State, to permit the enforcement within its bor-
to supplv the means of support and increase to; to ders of a CI. S. law. —
Nul'lily, -iT-fi, r. t. [-fied
encourage: to comfort; to educate, instruct; to nur- (-fid), -fyixg.] To make void, render invalid, de-
ture, cherish, feed, provide, supply. v. i. To pro- — prive of legal force or etiicacy, abolish, abrogate, re-
mote growth. Nour'ishment, n. Act of, or state voke, annul, repeal. —
NuKlity, -iT-tl, n. Condition
of being, etc.; nutrition; that which nourishes, re- or gualitj' of being null or void; nothingness; any-
pairs waste, or promotes growth; food; sustenance. thing void or of no efficacy.
— Nurse, ners, )i. One who takes care of a child or Numb, num, a. Enfeebled in, or destitute of, the
the sick; esp., one who suckles an infant not her power of sensation and motion: torpid; paralyzed;
own; one who, or that which, brings up, rears,
j

chill; motionless. v. t. —[xtoibed (numd), xumb-

causes to grow, trains, etc. v. t. —
[>'UESEd (nerst), [
IXG.] To make torpid, deprive of the power Of sen-
JTUKSIXG.] To nourish, cherish, foster; to nourish sation or motion, benumb.
at the breast, suckle to tend (a sick person)
; to ; Number, num'ber, n. A
single unit, considered as
bring up, raise, bj care, from a weak or invalid part of a series, or 2 or more of such units; a collec-
condition. —
Nurs'^ery, -er-t, n. Act of nursing;
j

tion of many individuals; a multitude; numerous-

the apartment, in a house, appropriated to the care ness; quantity regarded as made up by an aggregate
of children a plantation of young trees
; place ; of separate things; that which is regulated by count,
where anything is fostered anci growth promoted; as divisions of time or number of syllables poetry, \

that wliich forms and educates. Nurs'eiyman', verse. {Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one,
n.; pi. -HEX. One who has charge of a nursery. or more than one, expressed bv a difference of the
— Nurseling, n. One who, or that which, is nursed; form of a word, —
singular or plural. (Math.) Nu-
an infant. Nurt'ure, ner'chur, n. Act of nour- merical value. See Pheexology.— v. t'. [xtimbeked
ishing or nursing: education; training; discipline; (-berd), -BEEixG.] To reckon, ascertain the units of;
instruction: that which nourishes; food; diet. v. ^ to give or assign the number of; to reckon as one of
t. [xuETURED (-churd), -TCEIXG.] To feed to a collection or multitude, enumerate, calculate, tell;
bring or train up; to nourish, cherish, tend. Nu'- — ;

to amount to, consist of —

Num''bers, n. The 4th
triment, -tri-ment, yi. That which nourishes: food; —
.

book of the Pentateuch containing the enumera-

aliment; that which promotes enlargement or im- tion of the Hebrews. —
Num'^berless, a. Not admit-
provement. — Nu''trient, -tri-ent, a. A substance ting of being counted; innumerable. Nu'merable, —
—
which, etc. Nutri'tion, -trish''un, n. Act or pro- -mer-a-bl, a. — Nu'meral, a. Pert, to, or consisting
cess of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of, number; expressing or representing number.
of animal or vegetatJie life; nutriment. Nutri''- — n. A figure or character used to express a number.
tious, -trish-'us, a. Xourishing. Nu''tritive, -trl- — {Gram.) A word expressing number. — Nu'merate,
tiv, a. Nutrimental. V. t. (Arith.) To divide off and read according to the
Novel, nov'el a. Of recent origin or introduction of a
, ; rules of numeration. —
Numera''tion, ?i. Act or art
kind not before known; unusual; strange: new. n. Di numbering. {Aritli.) Act or art of reading or
A fictitious narrative, intended to exhibit the opera- writing numbers, esp. as expressed by the Arabic
tion of the passions, esp. of love. {Law.) A new or method. [Two systems of numeration are now in
supplemental constitutioli. —
Nov'elette''^, -ef, n. A use, the English and the French: in the Eng. the
small novel. Nov'elist, n. writer of novels.— A billion is a million of millions, a trillion a mOlion of
Nov'elty, -el-tl, n. Quality of being novel new- billions, and each denomination is a million times
—
;

ness; a new or strange thing. NoV'ice, -is, n. One the one preceding; in the F. (which is used in the
new in any business a beginner one newly re-
: ; U. S.), the billion is a thousand millions, and each
ceived into the church. {Eccl.) One who has en- denomination is a thousand times the preceding.]
tered a convent, nunnery, etc_^, but has not taken — Nu'mera'tor, J!. One who numbers. (Arith.) The
—
the vow. Novi''tiate, -vfsh'I-at, n. State or condi- term in a fraction which indicates the number of
tion of being, etc.: time of probation in a religious fractional units that are taken in a vulgar fraction
:

house before taking the vows; a probationer, nov- the number above the line: in decimal fractions, the
ice place where novices live or are trained.
; number next following the decimal point, the de-
November, Novenary, Novennial, etc. See under nominator not bein^ written: see Feactiox. Nu- —
iSTOXES. mer''ic, -ical, -mer'^k-al, a. Belonging to, or de-
Novice, Novitiate. See under Novel. noting, number; expressed by numbers; the same in
Now, now, adv. At the present time; at this moment; —
number; hence, identical. Nu'merous, -mer-us. a.
in present circumstances things being as they are.
; Being manj'; consisting of a great number of indi-
Noway, Nowhere, Nowise. See under Xo. viduals; consisting of poetic numbers; rhj'^thmical;
Noxious, nok'shus, a. Productive of injury or evil musical.
consequences; corrupting to morals; noisome; per- Numismatic, nu-miz-mat'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to coins
nicious; baneful; unwholesome; hurtful. or medals. —
Numismat'ics, 7i. Science of coins and
Nozzle. See under Xose. medals. —
Numis'matol'ogy, -toKo-jT, n. Science of
Nubia, nu''bT-a, n. A
network of wool worn as a head- coins and medals, in their relation to history nu-
—
;

dress by ladies; a cloud. mismatics. Num''mary, -ma-rl. -mular, -mulary,

Nucleus, nu'kle-us, n. ; E. pi. -cletjses, L. pi. -clei. -mu-la-rT, a. Pert, to coin or money: pecuniar}-.
A kernel ; a central mass or point about which
I

Nun, nun, n. A
woman devoted to a religious life,
matter is gathered, —
both literally and figurativelv. who lives in a cloister or nunnerv under a vow of
(Astiyn.) The body or head of a comet.— Nu'cleate,
I

perpetual chastity and seclusion from the world; a

-kle-at_, V. t. To gather, as about a nucleus.
I

I
—
kind of small pigeon. Nun'nery, -ner-I, ii. clois- A
Nude, nud, a. Bare; naked; imcovered. (Law.) With- ter or house in which nuns reside.
out consideration. —
Nu'dity, -dT-tT, ??. Qualitv or
!

Nuncio, nun''shI-o, n. A
messenMr; an embassador
condition of being nude; nakedness; that which is from the pope to an_emperor or Icing.
naked; undraped or unclothed portion. Nuncupate, nun'ku-pat, v. t. To dedicate bv declara-
Nudge, nuj, r. t. [xudged (nujd), xudgixg.] To j
tion: to inscribe: to declare orallj' (a will, etc.)
touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call at- Nuncupative, nun-ku^- or nun'ku-pa'tiv, -tory. -to-
tention or convey intimation. n. A significant — !
rT, a. Publicly or solemnly declaratory; nominal;
push. existing only in name; oral; not written.
Nugatory, nu'ga-to-rY. a. Trifling; vain; futile; in- Nunnery. See under Nux.
significant ; inoperative : ineffectual. i
Nuptial, nup'shal, a. Pert, to* marriage done at a ;

am, lame, far, pass or opera, fSre ; gnd, eve. term ; In, Ice ; Qdd, tone, 6r
 — ;

NURSE 269 OBLIGATE

wedding constituting marriage. — n. Marriage Nuzzle. See under Nose.
wedding, — now always in pi.
; ;

Nylghau, niKgaw, n. A
larg^e, short-
Nurse, Nitrsery, Nurture, etc. See under Nourish. noriied antelope, found in N.India:
Nut, nut, n. Fruit consisting of a hard shell inclosing the males are of a slaty blue.
a kernel; a small block containing a le- Nymph, nimf, n. {Myth.) goddess of A
male screw, used for retaining or tight- the mountains, for-
ening a bolt, etc. see Bolt. v. i. To
: — ests, meadows, or wa-
gather nuts. — Nut'meg, n. The kernel ters. A lovely young
of the fruit of a tree, a native of the
A'ut.
girl ; a maiden. —
Molucca islands, but cultivated in the Nymph, Nymph-'a, -a,
E. Indies: it is aromatic, and is u.sed in cookery. n. An insect in the
£7utria, nu-'trl-a, n. ( Com.^ Tlie fur of the coypu, a pupa state; a chrys-
rodent quadruped resembling the beaver, found in alis.— Nymph ''al,
Brazil, etc. Nymphe'an, a. Pert,
24utrient, Nutriment. Nutrition, etc. See under Nour- to,app r o p r i a t e to,
ish. or inhabited by,
Nux vomica, nuks-vom''T-ka, n. A deadly poison, used —
nymphs. N y m p fi'-
in medicine, from which strichnine is made; the seed oma'nia, -ma'nf-a, n.
Morbid and uncon- Nylghau.
of a tree of the E. Indies, yielding strychnine and
mux vomica. trollable'sexual desire in women

O.
Oi o, the 15th letter in the Eng. alphabet, has several ent, a. Subject in will or act to authority; willing
different sounds, as heard m
odd, tone, or, other, to obey; dutiful respectful; subservient; submis-
;

do, wolf, actor; when doubled, it has the 2 sounds sive obsequious. —
Obe''dience, -ens, n. State of be-
heard in moon and foot; see key-line at foot of pages.
;

ing, etc. —
Obei''sance, -ba^sans, n. token of obe- A
0, interj. An exclamation used in calling or directly dience or respect; a bow; courtesy. Obei'sant, «. —
addressing a person or personified object, also as ex- Showing willingness to obey; reverent; submissive.
pressive of pain, grief, surprise, desire, etc. Obfuscate, ob-fus'kat, v. i. To darken; obscure, be-
Oaf, of, n. A
changeling; a foolish child left by fair- wilder, confuse.
ies in the place of another; a dolt; blockhead. Obit, o''bit or ob''it, n. Death decease funeral so-
; ;

Oak, ok, n. A
valuable tree of many species; its wood. lemnities; anniversary of a person's death; an anni-
Oakum, ok'um, n. Old ropes untwisted and pulled versary service for the soul of the deceased on the
into loose hemp, used for calking seams of ships, day of his death. —
Obit'^uary, -u-a-rl, a. Relating
stopping leaks, etc. to the decease of a person. n. — A
biographical no-
Oar, or, n. An instrument for rowing boats. — v. i. & tice of one lately deceased.
t. [OARED (ord), o.A.Ei>'G.] To row. Object, ob''jekt, n. That with which the mind is oc-
Oasis, o'a- or o-a'sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. fertile A cupied in the act of knowing; any visible or tangible
place in a sandy or barren desert.. thing; that which is sought or labored for or aimed
Oat, ot, n. ; chiefly in pi. grassy A
plant, and its seed. at; end; aim; motive; final cause. (Gram.) That
— Oat'en, -n, a. Consisting of toward which an activity is considered to be directed.
oat straw made of oat-mesu.
; —Object '', V. t. To set before, bring into opposition;
Oat'-cake, n. A cake made of to i^resent or offer in opposition, as a criminal
the meal of oats. -meal, n. — charge, or as a reason adverse to something supposed
Meal made of oats. to be wrong. —
r. i. To make opposition in words or
Oath, oth, n. A solemn affirma- argument. —
Objec'tion, n. Act of objecting; that
tion, with an appeal to God for presented in opposition adverse reason or argu-
—
;

its truth; a blasphemous use of ment; exception; doubt; scruple. Objec'tionable,

the name of the divine Being, a. Justly liable to objections. —
Object'ive, -iv, «.
or anything diving or sacred. Pert, to an object. (lietapJi.) Pert, to, contained
Obdurate, oo'du-rat, a. Ren- in, or being in the nature or position of, the object
dered hard harsh rugged
; ; ;
outward; external; extrinsic, —
opp. to subjective.
rough; hardened in feelings, {Gram.) Pert, to, or designating, the case which
esp. against moral influences; Oats. follows a transitive verb or a preposition. n. —
stubbornly a n d unfeelingly {Gram.) The objective case. The object-glass of a
wicked; firm: unbending; unyielding; impenitent; microscope. {Mil.) The objective point. Objective —
callous.— Ob''durateness, -racy, -ra-sT, n. Inflexible point. {Mil.) A
point to which the operations of an
persistence in sin; stubbornness. •
army are directed.
Obedience, Obeisance, etc. See under Obey. Objuration, ob-ju-ra'shun, n. binding by oath.A
Obelisk, ob'e-Iisk, n. A 4-sided pillar, tapering as it Objurgate, ob-'j'er-gat, v. t. To chide reprove; repre-
rises, and cut off at the top in liend. — Objur^gatory, -ga-to-rl, «.
;

Designed t<
the form of a flat pvramid. chide; culpatorj'.
(Print.) A
mark [thus, t], Oblate, ob-lat'', a. (Geom.) Flattened or depressed
called also a dagger, used as at the poles. —
Obla'tion, n. Anything offered in
a reference to notes at the worship or sacred service; an offering; sacrifice.
bottom of a page, as a note of Obligate, ob'lt-gat, v. t. To bring under obligation ;
censure, or to indicate that to bind (one's self) to any, act of duty, etc., by a
an expre_ssion is obsolete. pledge. —
Obliga'tion, w. Act of obligating or bind-
Obese, o-bes'', a. Excessively ing; that which obligates; the binding power of a
corpulent; fat; fleshy. promise, oath, or contract, or of law, civil, political,
Obey^ o-ba'', v. t. [obeyed or moral, independent of a promise ; any act by
(-bad), -BEYiNG.] To yield which a person becomes bound to do something to
submission to, comply with or for another, or to forbear something; state of be-
the orders of, submit to the ing indebted for an act of favor or kindness. {Law.)
government of to yield to ; Abond with a condition annexed. Ob'ligatory, —
the impulse, power, or opera- -It-ga-to-rt, a. Binding in law or conscience; impos-
tion of . —
Obe'dient, -be'dt- Obelisk. ing duty. —
Oblige'', o-blTj'', I'. <. [obliged (-blijd''),

siln, cube, full ; moon, fdSt ; cow, oil ; linger or igk, tiien. boNboN, chair, get.
 OBLIQUE 270 OCCUPY
OBLIGIXG.] To constrain by phj-sical, moral, or le- Obstacle, ob'sta-kl, n. Anj^thing that hinders prog-
fal force; to bind by some favor rendered; to do a ress; obstruction; impediment; difficulty.
aver to, gratify, accommodate. — Obli''ging, a. Obstetric, ob-stet'rik, -rical, a. Pert, to midwifery,
Having the disposition to oblige or do favors; com- or the delivery of women in childbed.— Obstet'rics,
plaisant; courteous; kind. n. Science oi midwifery.
Oblique, ob-lek'' or ob-lik'', a. Not erect or perpendicu- Obstinate, ob'stl-nat, a. Pertinaciously adhering to
lar; slanting; inclined not straight forward indi- ; ; an opinion or purpose ; not easily subdued or re-
rect underhand not direct in descent collateral. moved; stubborn inflexible; firm; resolute opin-
— V. i.
; ;

[OBLIQUED Tob-lekt' or ob-likt'') obliqu-

;

;
;

ionated; refractory; perverse. Ob'stinacy, -n;.-8l, — ;

ing.] To deviate from a perpendicular line. (Mil.) n. Unyielding fixedness in opinion or resolution;
To move forward, either to the right or left, by pertinacity; persistency; contumacy.
stepping sidewise. Oblique case. (Gram.} Any — Obstreperous, ob-strep'er-us, a. Attended by, or mak-
case except the nominative. Obliq'uity, -lik''wI-tT, — ing a tumultuous noise; loud; clamorous.
n. Condition of being oblique; deviation from a Obstruct, ob-strukt', v. t. To block up, stop up or
right line, or from^noral rectitude; irregularity. close (a way or passage); to liinder from passing: to
Obliterate, ob-lifer-at, v. t. To erase or blot out ef- ; render slow; to bar, stop, check, clog, chokeT im-
face; to destroy by time or other means. pede, oppose. —
Obstruc'tion, n. Act of, state of be-
Oblivion, ob-liv't-un, n. Act of forgetting, or state ing, or that which, etc.— Obstruct'^ive, -iv, «. Tend-
of being forgotten forgetfulness an amnesty, or ; ; ing_to obstruct; causing impediment. Ob'^struent, —
general pardon of crimes and offenses. Obliv'ious, — -stroo-ent, a. Blocking up; hindering. n. Anything —
-T-us, a. Causing forgetfulness; forgetful. that obstructs or closes a passage, esp. one of the
Oblong, ob''long, a. Having greater length than natural passages in the body.
breadth. n. — A
rectangular or other figure which Obtain, ob-tan', v. t. [-tained (-tand'), -taix ixg.] To
is longer than it is broad. get hold of by effort, gain possession of, acquire ;
Obloquy, ob'lo-kwT, n. Censorious speech; reproach- to attain, procure, win, earn. v. i. To have a firm —
ful language odium; censure contumely calum-
; ; ; footing; to become prevalent or general.
ny; detraction. Obtest, ob-test'', r. t. To call to witness to beseech, ;

Obnozious, ob-nok''shus, a. Liable to censure; repre- supplicate. '

hensible blameworthy offensive hateful ex- Obtrude, ob-trood', v. t. To thrust in or upon ; to

posed; subject; answerable.
; ; ; ;

offer with unreasonable importunity; to intrude. —

Oboe, o'bo-e, n. A
portable wind instrument of music V. I. To enter without right to make an officious ;
^
sounded by means of a reed; a hautboy. importunate offer. — 0'btru''sion, -zhun, n. Act or,
Obovate, ob-o''vat, a. (Bot.) Inversely ovate; ovate etc. — Obtru'^sive, -siv, a. Disposed to obtrude; in-
with the narrow end downward. clined to thrust one's self among others.
Obscene, ob-sen', a. Expressing or pre- Obtund, ob-tund'', v. t. To dull, blunt, deaden. — Ob-
senting to the mind or view some- Not pointed or acute, applied to an-
tuse'', -tus'', a.
thing which delicacy, purity, and de- gles greater than a right angle not having acute ;

cency forbid to be expressed or ex- sensibility; dull; not sharp or shrill; a .1)
posed immodest unchaste lewd obscure. —
Obtuse''-an'gled, a. Hav- x '
; ;

— ^\
; i
;

foul offensive; disgusting inauspi- ing an obtuse angle: see Triaxgle.

c i o ; u
;

ill-omened.
s Obscene'ness, — ;

Obtuse'ness. n. —
Obtu'sion, -zhun, n. \l
Obscen''ity,-sen''I-tt, n. Quality of be- Act of making obtuse or blunt; state ^ ^
ing, etc.; ribaldry; impurity; lewdness. of being dulled or blunted. ABC, obtusfi
Obscure, ob-skur', a. Covered over; Obverse, ob-vers'^, a. (Bot.) Having the angle; z>5<7,
shaded darkened imperfectly illu- base narrower than the top, as a l^af. right angle.
;

minated; living in darkness; hidden;

;

— n. The face of a coin having the principal image

not much known or observed; remote
Otovate Leaf.
or inscription iipon it. —
Obverf, v. t. To turn tow-
from observation; humble, not easily understood; ard or downward.
not clear, full, or distinct; dim; abstruse; difficult; Obviate, ob''vT-at, v. t. To meet in the way to pre- ;

mysterious; imperfect; defective. v.t. [obscured — vent by interception to clear the way of, remove.
(-skurd'), -SCURIXG.] To render obscure, darken, — ;

Ob'^vious, -vT-us, a. Open exposed lin ble sub- ; ; :

make less intelligible, legible, visible, glorious, beau- ject easily discovered, seen, or understood plain;
; ;

tiful, or illustrious. Obscura'tion, n. Act of, or — clear; apparent.

state of Jjeing, etc. Occasion, ok-ka^zhun, n. A falling, happening, or
Obsequy, ob''se-kwT, n. ; pi. -quies. -kwiz. A funeral coming to pass an occurrence, casualty, incident
;

solemnity, — chiefly in pi. — Obse''quious, -kwT-us, a. a favorable opportunity accidental cause oppor- ; ;

—
Servilely or meanly condescending; compliant to tufiity to use; incidental need; requirement. v. t.
excess. [occasioned (-zhund), -sioxiXG.] To give occa-
Observe, ob-zerv', v. t. [-served I-zervd'), -sera'- sion to, cause incidentally. Occassional, a. Pert, —
LNG.] To pay attention to, notice with care, regard to or occurring at times, tint not regulaf^OT system-
with religious care, celebrate to utter as a remark, atic; casual; incidental; produced by accident; made
say in a casual way ; to comply with, obey. 1\ i.
;

on some special event. —

Oc'cident, -sT-dent, n. The
To take notice, attend, comment. Observ'ance, — western quarter of the hemisphere; the west. Oc- —
-ans, n. Act of observing or noticing with atten- cident''al, a. Situated in, or pert, to, the west; west-
tion tokens or marks of fidelity that which is to
; : ern; setting after the sun.
be observed or attended to rule of practice ; per- Occiput, ok'st-put, 11. (Anat.) The part of the skull
formance of religious ceremonies, or formal service.
•,

which forms the hind part of the head, opp. to —

— Observ'ant, a. Taking notice; attentively view- sinciput. — Occip'ital, -sip'I-tal, a. tlie oc- Pert, to
ing or noticing ; adhering in practice carefully at- ; ciput.
tentive; mindJiil; obedient; submissive. Observa'- — Occlusion, ok-klu^zhun, n. Act of shutting up: state
tion, n. Act or power of taking notice; act of seeing, of being shut up transient approximation of the
;

or of fixing the mind upon, ahj-thing; that which is edaes of a natural opening; also, imperf oration.
noticed; a remark; performance of what is pre- Occult, ok-kulf, a. Hidden from the eye or under-
,

sci-ibed; act of recognizing and noting some fact or standing invisible; secret; unknown. Occulta'- —
—
;

occurrence in nature. ObserV'^atory, -to-rt, 7i. A tion, n. Act of rendering, or state of being, occult.
from
place from which a view may be obtained; esp. a (Astron.) The hiding of a heavenly -body sight
place for making observations on the heavenly bod- by the intervention of some other heavenly body. —
ies; a building fitted with instruments for niaking Occult 'ness, n. , ,s rr.
systematic observations of any particular class of Occupy, ok'ku-pi, v. t. [-pied (-pid), -pving.J
-,
To
natural phenomena. take or hold in possession, possess to hold, or fill, ;

Obsolete, ob'so-let, a. No longer used; antiquated. the dimensions of; to cover to employ, use; to em-
—
;

(Xat. Hvtt.) Not very distinct; obscure. Obsoles''- — ploy, busy, used reflexively to follow as a busi- ;

cent, -les'sent, a. Cloing out of use; passing into ness. —r. i. To hold possession, be an occupant,
desuetude. —
Obsoles'cence, -sens, n. State of be- follow business, negotiate.— Oc'cupant, n. One who
coming obsolete. occupies; one who has the actual use or possession,

ana, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 5r
 — —

OCCUR 271 OFFICE

or isin possession, of a thinjj:.— Oc'cupancy, -i)an-sT, odd.— Odd^ly, adv. In an odd or queer manner;
-IT,
n. Act of taking or holding possessinu. Occupa'- — unevenly; strangely. —
Odd'ness, n. Odds, odz, n. —
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which siiiij. Sz}/L Difference in favor of one and against
occupies the time and. attention; the principal busi- another inequality
; advantage ; superiority in ; ;

ness of one's life; possession; tenure; use; vocation; games, points given" by a stronger player to a weaker.
calling; office; trade; profession. — Odd'-fel'low, ». A member of a secret society,
Occiir, ok-ker', v. i. [-curred (-kerd''), -currixg.] established for mutual aid and social enjoyment.
To be found here and there; to appear; to meet or Ode, od, n. A short, dignified poem or song, proper to
—
come to the mind. Occtir''rence, ?i. coming or A be set to music or sung; a Ij'ric poem.
happening; any incident or single event. Odic. See Od.
Ocean, o'shun, ?i. The water considered as one vast Odium, o'dT-um, n. Hatred; dislike; the quality that
bodj' surrounding the land, —
the sea; one of the provokes hatred; offensiveness. —
O'dious, -dl-us, a.
large bodies of water into which the great ocean is Deserving hatred; causiii"' disgust or hate; exposed
regarded as divided; an immense expanse. Ocean''- — to hatred; hated; abominable; loathsome; repulsive;
ic, -she-an'ik, a. Pert, to, found, or formed in, the unpopular.
octan. Odontalgia, o-don-tal^jY-a, n. .{Hied.) Pain in the
Ocelot, o'se-lot, n. (Zool.) A
digitigrade carnivorous teeth; toothache.— Odontol'ogy, -toKo-jT, m. {Anat.\
mammal of the cat kind, found in Mexico. That branch of anatomy which treats of the struc-
Ocher, Ochre, c'ker, «. (Jlin.) A
variety of fine clay ture andjlevelopment of the teeth.
containing iron: the common colors are j'ellow and Odor, o'der, n. Any smell, whether fragrant or offen-
red. sive; scent.— Odoriferous, -if 'er-us, a. Giving scent;
Ocra. See Okra. fragrant perfumed usually, sweet of scent.— O'dor-
; ;

Octagon, ok'ta-gon, w. (Geom.) A plane figure of 8 ous, -us, a. Having or emitting an odor; esp., hav-
sides and 8 angles. — Octag'onal, a. Having 8 sides ing a sweet odor; fragrant.
and 8 angles. — Octahe'dron, n. Odyle. See under Od.
{Geom.) A solid contained by 8 (Ecumenical, (Esophagus, etc. See Ecumenical,
equal and equilateral triangles. — Esophagus, etc.
Octahe'dral, a. Having equal ,s O'er, or, prep. & adv. Contr. for over.
faces or sides. — Octan''gular, Of, ov, p)rep. From, or out from; proceeding from, as
-tan^gu-ler, a. Havinir 8 angles.^ ^ . j i. the cause, source, means, author, or agent bestow-
octant, -tile, -til, n. {Geom.) The
Octahedron. ing; belonging to; pert, or relating to; concerning,
I-Sth part of a circle. {Astron. & Astrol.) The posi- — Off, of, a. On the opposite or further side; most
tion or aspect of a heavenly body, when half way distant. — adv. From; away from, —
denoting dis-
between conjunction, or opposition, and quadrature, tance; or, separation, removal; or, departure, abate-
or distant from another body 45*^.— Oc'tave, a. Con- ment, remission, or a leaving; or, opposite direction;
sisting of 8. —
n. The 8th day after a church festival, the opposite side of a question. prep). Not on.
the festival itself being included; the week immedi- iaterj. Away; begone. —
Off ''-hand, a. & adv. With-
ately following a church festival. {Mm.) The 8th out study or preparation. Offal, — n. Waste meat;
tone in the scale; the scale itself. The first 8 lines of parts rejected as unfit for use; carrion; putrid meat;
—
a sonnet; a small cask of wine, the l-8th of a pipe. refuse: rubbish. —
Off ''ing, »i. That part of the sea
— Octa'vo, a. Formed of sheets folded so as to make which is at a good distance from the shore, or where
8 leaves; of, or equal to, the size of one of such there is deep water, and no need of a pilot. Off''- —
leaves. —
n. A
book composed of sheets folded so as set, n. A sprout or a shoot; a flat surface or terrace
to make 8 leaves; the size of a book thus composed. on a hill-side. {Arch.) A
horizontal ledge on the
— Octen'^nial, -nT-al, a. Happening every 8th year; face or at the foot of a wall. {Surv.) A short dis-
lasting 8 years.— Octill'lon, -tiKyun, n. By Eng. nu- tance measured at right angles from a line actuall;y
meration^ the number produced by involving a mil- run to some point. A sum, account, or value set off
lion to the 8th power, expressed by a unit with 48 against another, as an equivalent; anything given
ciphers annexed; bj' the common or French method, in exchange or retaliation; a set-off. —Offset, of-sef
a unit with 27 ciphers annexed. See Xotation.— Oc- or offset, V. t. [-SE'i, -SETTING.] To set off, place
to'ber, n. The 10th month of the Julian year, con- over against, balance. —
Off'^shoot, n. That which
taining 31 davs.— Octodec'inio, -des't-mo, a. Formed shoots oft or separates from a main stem, channel,
of sheets folded so as to make 18 leaves; of, or equal or the like. — Off 'spring, n. A child or children; de-
to, the size of one of such leaves. n. —
book com- A scendants, however remote, from the stock; issue;
posed of sheets folded so as to make 18 leaves the ; generation; progeny; posterity.
size of a book thus composed. —
Octogenary, ok-toj'-
— Offend, of-fend', v. t. To displease, make angry; to
e-na-rl or ok''to-je-na-rt, a. Of 80 years of age.
— shock, pain, annoy; to draw to evil, or hinder obe- m
Oc'togena'rian, n. A
person 80 years of age. Oc'- dience. — v. i. To commit a crime to sin to cause ; :

—
topod, n. A
inoUusk or insect having 8 feet or legs. dislike or anger; to take offense, be scandalized.
— Octo'pttB, n.
to the head. —Acuttlefish, having 8 arms attached
Octoroon'', -ruon', «. The offspring
Offense', -fence', «. Act of offending, displeasing,
or hurting; an open violation of law; that which of-
of a quadroon and a white person. —
Oc'tostyle, -stil, fends, or excites anger; state of being offended; um-
n. {Arch.) An edifice or portico adorned with 8 col- brage; resentment; "misdeed; trespass; delinquency;
umns, or a range of S columns in front. OctosyK- — fault; sin; affront; insult.— Offen'sive, -siv, a. Caus-
lable, -siKla-bl, /;. A word of 8 syllables. Oc'tosyl- — ing displeasure or some degree of anger; giving un-
lab'ic, -ical, a. Consistfng of 8 syllables.— Oc'tuple, pleasant sensations; causing evil or injury; used in
-pi, u. Eightfold. attack; making the first attack. n. —
State or pos-
Ocular, ok'u-ler, a. Depending on, or perceived by, ture of one who makes attack.
the eye. — Oc'iilist, ii. One skilled in treating dis- Offer, offer, v. t. [-fered (-ferd), -fering.] To bring
eases of the eyes. to or before, present for acceptance or rejection,
Od, od or od, n. A
force or natural power, supposed make a proposal to; to attempt, undertake; to pre-
to produce the phenomena of mesmerism, and to be sent in praj'er or devotion; to bid, as a price, re-
developed by various agencies. — Od^ic, 8d'- or od''- ward, or wages; to manifest in an offensive way.
ik, a. Of or pert, to, etc. —
O'dyle, -dil, n. Same as V. i. To present itself; to declare a willingness; to
Od. —
make an attempt. 7i. Act Of, or thing which, etc.;
Odalisque, o'da-lisk', n. A
female slave or concubine a proposal. — Offering, n. That which is offered,
in the harem of the Turkish sultan. esp. in divine service; a sacrifice; oblation. Of- —
Odd, od, a. [odder, oddest.] Not paired with an- fertory, -to-rl, n. {Rom. Cath. Ch.) An anthem
other; alone; left over, after a round number has chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ, during
been taken; remaining; having no great value; in- the offering and first part of the mass; that part of
significant; not divisible by 2 without a remainder; the mass in which the priest prepares the elements
not even; different from what is usual or common; for consecration. {Ch. of Eng.) The verses of
peculiar; unsuitable orinappropriate; quaint; queer; Scripture near the beginning of the communion ser-
—
whimsical; droll; comical. Odd^ity, -t-tt, n. State vice, read while the alms are collecting.
of being odd; singularity; queerness; that which is Office, of'fis, n. Work to be performed for, or with
siin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 OFFICINAL 272 ONE
reference to, others; duty; esp., customary duty; a Oligarchy, oKt-gark't, n. Government in which the
—
.

special duty, trust, or cliarge, conferred by author- supreme power is in the hands of a few persons.
ityand for a public purpose that which is per- Ol'igarch, n. One of those who constitute an oli-
formed, intended, or assigned to be done, by a par-
;

garchv. —
Oligarchial, -ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
ticular thing; place in which public officers and oth- Olio, oat-o or ol'yo, n. dish of stewed meat a A ;

ers transact business; the company or corporation mixture medley. (Mus.)

; A
whose place of business is their office, 'pl. Apart- collection of various pieces.
ments in which domestics discharge the service of a Ollapodrida, ol'la-po-dre'da, n.
house, as kitchens, pantries, etc. Officer, -fl-ser, n. — A mixture of all kinds of meat
One who holds an office; a magistrate. v. t. To — chopped fine, and ste-\ved with
f m-nish with officers. —
Offi''cial, -fish-'al, a. Pert, to vegetables any incongruous ;

an office or public trust; derived from the proper of- mixture or miscellaneous col-
fice, officer, or authority. n. One who holds an of- — lection.
fice; an officer. Offi'cially, at/r. —
By, or byvirtue Olive, oKiv, n. (Bot.) tree cul- A
of, the proper authority. Offi'date, -fish^I-at, v. i. — tivated in Asia and S. Europe,
To act as an officer in his office to perform the ap- for its fruit ; the fruit from
—
;

propriate official duties of another. OfB.'cious, which olive oil is expressed.

-fisli'^us, a. Excessively forward in kindness; inter- The color of the olive, a color
meddling in affairs in which one has no concern; composed of violet and green.
impertinent; meddlesome. Olympiad, o-lim''pt-ad, n. A pe-
0£B.cinal, of-fls'T-nal or -fl-si'nal, a. Used in a shop, riod of 4 years, reckoned from ^.. rp -

or belonging to it; having a character or composition one celebration of the Olympic Ulive iree.
approved of by the college of medicine. games to another, the 1st being 776 b. c. Olsnn'-— —
Offing, Offset, etc. See under Of. pian, -pt-an, -pic, a. Pert, to Olj^mpus also to the ;

Oft, oft, Often, ofn, adv. [oftenee, oftenest.] town of Olympia, and to the games there celebrated.
Frequently; many times; not seldom. Omega, o''meg-a. or o-meg-'a, n. The last letter of the
Ogle, o'gl, V. t. [OGLED (-gld), OGLI^"G.] To view Greek alphabet (fl, o)), as Alpha, A, is the first.
with side glances, as in fondness, or to attract notice. Omelet, om^e-let 07- oni'let, n. kind of fritter made A
—
n. A
side glance or look. chiefly of eggs.
Oglio, o'^lt-o or oVyo, n. Same as Olio. Omen, 6'' men, ti. Sign or indication of some future
Ogre, o'ger, n. An imaginary monster, who lived on event a prognostic
; presage augury. i'. t. ;
—
human beings. O'gresB, n. female ogre.— A [OMENED (-mend), omening.] To indicate as likely
;

Oh, o, interj. An exclamation expressing surprise, to occur, augur; to predict, foretell. Om'inous, -T- —
pam^ sorrow, anxiety, a wish, etc. nus, a. Pert, to, or containing, an omen; foreshow-
Ohm, om, n. The standard unit of electrical resist- ing good, auspicious; foreboding evil, inauspicious.
ance the resistance of a column of mercury one
; Omentum, o-men^tum, ?i. iAnat.) The caul; a fatty
square millimeter in section and 106 centimeters in membranaceous covering of a portion of the bowels,
length. attached to the stomach.
OH, oil, n. An unctuous liquid expressed or drawn Omer, o^mer, ?i. A
Hebrew measure, the 1-lOth of ao.
from various animal and vegetable substances.— ephah.
V. t. [OILED (oild), OILING.] To siiiear, rub over, Ominous, etc. See under Omen.
or anoint with oil. —
Oil'y, -T, a. [-iee, -iest.] Con- Omit, o-mit'', v. t. To let fall, leave out, drop ; to
sisting of, or containing, oil unctuous resem- ; ;
pass bj', neglect. — OmiB''sion, -mish'un, n, Act of
bling oil; fatty; greasy; smoothly subservient; com- leaA'ing out neglect or failure to do something re-
pliant. —
Oil'iness, n. OiKcake, n. mass —
of com- A ;

quired by propriety or duty that omitted. ;

pressed seeds, or other substance, from which oil Omnibus, om'nl-bus, n. large four-wheeled car- A
— —
has been extracted.

A cup at the
-cloth, n.
painted for covering floors, etc.
Cloth oiled or
cup, ti. {Mach.) — riage, to carry many people.
a.
Omnifa''rious. -rl-us,
Of all varieties, forms, or kinds.
-er-us, a. All-bearing
Omnif''erous,
producing all kinds. Om- ;
—
—
top of a pas- nip'arous, -a-rus, a. Producing all things omnipa-
sage called an rient. —
Omnip''otent, a. Possessing unlimited pow-
;

oil-hole, to sup- er; all-powerful; having unlimited power of a par-

ply a lubrica- ticular kind. —
Omnip^otence, -tency, n. Omni- —
tor to
ery.
Inflam m able
— machin-
gas, n.
pres'^ent, a. Present in all places at the same time
ubiquitous. —
Omnipres''fence, n. Ubiquity.
nis'^cient, -nish-'ent, a. Ha^'ing universal knowl-
Om- —
edge, or knowledge of all things all-knowing all-
far os procured
oil. m — searching all-seeing. —
Omnis''cience, -nish'ens, n.
; ;

-man, n. One Quality of being, etc.

;

—
Omniv'orotis, -o-rus, a. All
who
oils
n.
.

A
— deals in
stone,
kind of
devouring; eating everything indiscriminately.
On, on, prep. At, or in contact with, the surface or
upper part of a thing, and supported by it toward
Oil-cnn
uii-cup. ;

whetstone.
— An
well, artesian well yielding petroleum.
71.

O'leag'inous, -aj''T-nus, a. Having the qualities of

— and to the upper surface of upon hy means of
with in addition to besides at or near,
; indica-
ting relative position; in dependence or reliance up-
;
;

;
;

— ;

oil; oily; unctuous. — OTeomar^garine, -ga-rin, n. on at or in the time of teward; for at the peril
; ; ;

Artificial butter made from animal fat ; butterine. of, or for the safety of; by virtue of; with the pledge
Ointment, oinfment, n. An unguent. of; to the account of; in consequence of, or follow-
Oker. See Ochee. ing in reference or relation to.
; adv. Forward; —
Okra, o-'kra, O'kro, n. An annual plant, whose green in progression; onward; forward, in succession in ;

pods are used for soups or pickles gumbo. ; continuance without interruption adhering at-
; ; ;

Old, old, a. Not young ; advanced far in years or tached to the body.— On'to, -too, prep. On the top
life not new or fresh not recently made or pro- —
of: upon; on. On''ward, a. Advanced or advancing;
duced
;

formerly existing preexisting or preced-

;
;

; increased; improved. adv. Toward the point be- —

ing indefinitely continued in life long practiced ; fore or in front; forward; progressively; in advance.
;

—
;

skilled experienced long cultivated worn out On'wards, adv. Same as O.n ward. On'set^ n. — A
;

decayed; antiquated; bad; mean, used as a term

;

— ;

violent attack, esp. the assault of an army or body

of reproach old-fashioned as of old ; very ^ay.
; ; of troops upon an enemy, fort, etc. charge storm- ; ;

Oleander, o-le-an^'der, n. An evergreen slirub, having ing onslaught.

; —
On'slaught, -slawt, n. Attack;
clusters of fragrant red or white"flo%vers. aggression assault. ;

Oleaster, Oleaginous, Oleomargarine, etc. See under Ona.nism, o^nan-izm, n. Self-pollution; macturbation.
Oil. Once. See under One.
Olfactive, ol-fak'tiv, -tory, -to-rY, a. Pert, to, or hav- On dit, awN-de''. Lit. they say it is said. n. —
ing the sense of, smelling. Olfac'tory, n. organ — An rumor; flj'ing report, [F.]
;

of smelling; the sense of smell. One, wun, a. Being but a single unit, or entire being

S,m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — —; — —

ONERARY 273 OPPRESS

orthing, and nomore; single; individual; denoting method of working : effect brought about by a def-
a person conceived or spoken of indefinitely, — used inite plan. {Math.) Some transformation to be made
as an indefinite pronoun or adjective (having, as a ui)on quantities, indicated by rules or symbols.
pronoun, a plural, ones) pointing out a contrast, — (Surg.) Any methodical action of the hand, or of
used as a correlative adjective; constituting a whole;
;

the hand with instruments, on the human body. —

undivided united ; single in kind the same a Op'erative, -a-tiv, a. Having power of acting ; ex-
— ;

common. Once, wuns, adv. At one time on one

;

;
;

erting force ; eificient in work efficacious. n. ;

— A
occasion ;^t one former time formerly as soon as. laboring man; artisan; workman in manufactories.
;

—
;

— On'ly, on''lT, a. One alone ; single ; alone in its Op'era'tor, n. One who, or that which, operates.
class by itself distinguished above all others; pre- (Surg.) One who performs some act upon the numan
eminent.
;

— ;

adv. In one manner, or for one purpose body. — Op'erose', -os', a. Wrought with labor ;

alone solely singly merely barely.

; ; laborious tedious wearisome.
; ; ; ;

Onerary, Onerous. Isee under Onus. Ophidian, o-fid'T-an, n. An animal of the snake family.
Onion, un'yuu, n. A biennial plant; its bulbous root, O'phioKogy, -fl-oKo-jT, n. That part
used as an article of food. of natural history wliich treats of ser-
Only^ See under OxE. pents. OpMcleide, of'I-klid, n. A large
Onsef, Onto, Onward, etc. See under Oif. brass wind instrument of the trumpet
Onus, o''nus, n. The burden. — On'erous, 5n''er-us, kind. —
O^'phioman'cy, -fT-o-man-'sI, n.
a. Burdensome: oppressive. — On'^erary, -er-a-rl, a. Art of divining or predicting events by
Designed for carrying burdens. serpents.
Onyx, o^'niks, n. A stone (clialcedony, etc.) consisting OphthaMia, etc. See under Optic.
of parallel layers of different shades 0/ color, and Opiate. See under Opium.
used for makmg cameos. Opinion, o-pin''yun, n. mental convic- A
Oolite, Oology, etc. See under Ovum. tion of the truth of some statement
Oolong, oo'long, /(. A variety of black tea possessing founded on probable evidence judg- ;

the flavor of green tea. ment of persons or their qualities; esp.,

Ooze, ooz, V. I. [OOZED (oozd), oozutg.] To flow favorable judgment, good esteem.
gently, percolate. v. t. —
To cause to flow forth (Law.) The formal decision of a judge,
gently, cause to percolate to drop, shed-, distill. umpird, counselor, etc. Opin^'iona'- /-> i^- i -^ —
n. Soft mud or sUme; soft flow; spring; the liquor
;

ted, a. Stiff or obstinate in opinion. opmcieide. —

of a tan-vat. —
Ooz-'y, -T, a. Miry; resembling ooze. Opin'ionative, -tiv, a. Unduly attached to one's
Opacity. See under Opaque. own opinions fond of preconceived notions. —
Opal, o^pal, n. A mineral consisting of silex in what — ;

Opine", o-pin', v. i. [opined (-pind''), opining,]

is called the soluble state, and usually a small quan- To think, suppose. Opin-'iative, -ya-tiv, o. Very —
tity of water the precious opal presents a peculiar stiff in adherence to one's opinion founded on
—
: ;

play of colors, and is esteemed as a gem. Opal- mere opinion fancied. ;

esce', -pal-es', v. i. [-esced (-est''), -escing.] To Opium, o''pT-um, n. The inspissated juice of_ the
give forth a play of colors, like the opal. Opal- — white poppy, a narcotic drug. —
O^piate, -pl-at, n. —
es''cence, -es''sens, n. reflection of a milky or A Any medicine that contains opium, and induces
pearly light from the interior of a mineral. sleep or repose a narcotic that which induces rest
; ;

Opaque, o-pak', a. Impervious to the rays of light or inaction. —

a. Inducing sleep; causing rest or in-
not transparent dark obscure. Opaque^ness,
; ;
— action soporific lulling quieting.
; ; ;

Opac'ity, -pas'I-tl, n. Quality of being, etc. Opodeldoc, o-po-deKdok, n. saponaceous campho- A

Ope, op, Open, o'pn, a. Free of access not shut up; ; rated liniment.
not closed free to be iised, visited, read, etc. not
; ; Opossum, o-pos-'sum, n. An Amer. marsupial quadru-
private public not drawn together or contracted;
; ; ped.
expanded; without reserve; not concealed or secret; Opponent, op-po''nent, a. In-
exposed to view candid; ingenuous sincere art-
; ; ; clined to oppose adverse ; ;

less; not frozen up not cold or frosty not settled antagonistic situated in
or adjusted; not balanced or closed ; not blinded or
; ;

froirt ;
;

opposite. n. One —
obscured; not deaf not unwilling to hear; listen- ;
''
who opposes, esp., in a dis-
ing; free to be discussed; easily enunciated; spoken putation or controversy.
without closing the mouth. n. Open country or — (Academic Usage.) Onel
space. —
v.t. [OPEXED (o'pnd), OPENING.] To make who attacks some thesis or^
open, render tree of access, unclose, unlock, remove proposition, dlsting. fromJ
any fastening from; to bring to view, exhibit, inter- the respondent, or defendant, i

pret, explain, disclose; reflexively, to speak without who maintains it. Adver-
reserve; to enter upon, begin, commence. v. i. To — sary; antagonist; opposer. Opossum.
unclose, be parted; to begin to appear; to commence, — Oppc'nency, -si, n. Proposition of objections to a
begin. O'^pening, n. place which is open; breach;A thesis.
aperture beginning commencement.
; O'penly,
;
— Opportune, op-por-tun-', a. Present at a proper time;
adv. In an open manner publicly without se- ; recurring at a suitable occasion; timely; seasonable;
crecy without reserve or disguise plainly.
;
;

; convenient fit well-timed proper.

; Opportu''-
; ;
—
Opera, op'er-a, n. A musical drama consisting of nity, -nt-tt, n. Fit or convenient time occasion ; ;

airs, choruses, recitations, etc. the score of a musi- ; convenience; occurrence.

cal drama house where operas are exhibited.
; Op- — Oppose, op-poz'', v. t. [-POSED (-pozdO, -posing.] To
erat'ic, -ical, a. Pert, or appro- set opposite to put in opposition, with a view to
;

priate to the opera. Op'era- — counterbalance, hinder, defeat, or prevent effect; to

glass, n. A
short telescope of low resist to compete with, strive against to resist
power, usually with a tube and
;

effectually, combat, withstand, deny, obstruct.

;

—
glasses for each eye, for use in V. i. To act adversely to make objection or oppo-
theaters, etc.; a lorgnette. — sition in controversy. Op'posite, -zit, a. Stand-
;

—
Op'era-bouffe', -boof'', n. A ing or situated in front facing ; contrasted with ;

comic opera. — Op'^erate, v. i.

;

hostile adverse mutually antagonistic inconsist-

To exert power or strength, ent. — ;

n. One who opposes

;

that which is contrary.

;

physical or mechanical; to pro- —Opposi''tion, -zish'^un, n. State of being opposed; .

;

auce an appropriate physical repugnance contrariety act of opposing attempt

; ; ;

effect; to exert moral influence. Opera-glass. to check, restrain, or defeat; resistance; tnat which
{Med.) To take appropriate effect on the human opposes an obstacle the collective body of oppo-
; ;

system (Surg.) To perform some manual act upon sers; the party that opposes the existing administra-
a human body, usually with instruments. v. t. — tion. (Astrcm.) The situation of 2 heavenly bodies
To produce as an effect to cause, occasion to put
—
180"^ apart. —
Opposi'tionist, n. One who belongs
into or to continue in operation to work. Opera'-
;

;
;

to an opposing party. Oppos-'itive, -t-tiv, a. Ca- —

tion, n. Act or process of operating agency ex- ; ; pable of being put in opposition.
ertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral Oppress, .op-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-prestOj -peess-

siin, cube, full ; moon, f66t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boirboN, chair, get.
18
 OPPROBRIUM 274 ORCHESTRA
XXG.] To press down ; to treat severely, cruelly, or an inquiry respecting some affair of importance ;
unjustly ; to sit or lie heavy upon. "Oppres'sion, — the deity supposed to give the answer, also the place
-presh'^un, n. Act of, state of beiug, or that which, where it was given revelations delivered by God ;

etc. sense of heaviness, weight, or oDstruction in the to prophets the entire sacred Scriptures one who
—
; ; ;

body or iniud hardsldp cruelty burden.

; ; Op- ; communicates a divine command; an angel; proph-
press'ive, -iv, a. Unreasonably burdensome un- ; et any person reputed uncommonly wise a wise
; ;

justly severe proceeding from a design to oppress;

: sentence or decision of great authoritv. — Orac'ular,
overwhelming; cruel; unjust; tyrannical; overpow- a. Pert, to an oracle uttering oracles like, or of : ;

ering. the nature of, an oracle positive; authoritative; ob-

Opprobrium, op-pro'brt-um, n. Reproach mingled scure ambiguous.
; —
Ora'tion, n. An elaborate dis-
;

with contempt or disdain.— Opprc'brious, -bri-us, n. course, treating an important subject in a dignified
Reproachful and contemptuous; scurrilous; blasted —
manner, applied chiefly to discourses on special oc-
with infamy rendered hateful.
: casions, and to academical declamations; harangue;
Oppugn, op-pun'', V. t. [-pcgxed (-pund'), -pugx- address speech. Or'ator, Sr'a-ter, 7i. — public A
m
;

IXG.] To fi^ht against, whether attack, resist- speaker one who delivers an oration ; esp. one dis-
;

ance, or simple opposition.— Oppugn ''er, «.— Oppug'- tinguished for his eloquence. (Law.) One who prays
nancy, -pug^nan-sl, n. Act of oppugning resist- ; for relief; a petitioner; a plaintiff or complain^it m
ance. a bill in chancery.— Oratc'rial.-rl-al, a. Pert, to an
Optative, op''ta-tiv, a. Expressing desire or wish. n. — orator or to oratory. —
Orator'^ical, -tSr'ik-al, a. Pert.
{Gram.') A
mode of the verb expressing desire. to, or becoming, an orator: rhetorical; eloquent; flow-
— Op'tion, -shun, n. Power of choosing right of ; ery; florid. Orator''icaUy, adv. In a rhetorical man-
choice exercise of the power of clioice election
; ; ; ner. —
Orato'^rio, -to''rT-o, -J. (3Ius.) A sacred com-
preference power of wishing wish. (Stock Ex-
; ; position consisting of .lirs, recitatives, duets, trios,
chanc/e.) Liberty of selling or of buying stock at choruses, etc., the subject of which is generally
a certain price, and at a given future time time al- ; taken from the Scriptures; an oratory. Or'atory, —
lowed to either buyer or seller for the delivery of -to-rl, n. The art of an orator; art of effective publrc
stock. —
Op'tional, a. Left to one's wish depend- ; speaking; a chapel for private devotions. Or-'ison, —
ing on choice involving an option, or power of -I-zun, n. A
prayer or supplication. Or'^iflce, -I-fis, —
—
;

choice. Op'timism, -mizm, ?i. The doctrine that n. The mouth of a tube, pipe, etc. an aperture,
everything in nature is ordered for the best. Op'- — opening. —
O'^rotund', -ro-tund', n. mode of into- A
;

timi'st, n. One who holds, etc. nation directly from the larynx, particularly full,
Optic, op'tik, 11. An organ of sight; an eye.— Op''tic, clear, and ringingjn tone. d. Ringing and musical. —
-tical, a. Pert, to vision or to the organ of sight, or — Os'citate, -sl-tat, r. i. To gape with sleepiness,
to the science of optics. —
Optic nerves. The 2d pair yawn. —
Os'cltant, «. Yawning; sleepy: drowsy. —
of nerves which proceed directlv from the brain, "Os'^citaney, -tan-sl, n. Act of, or state of being.'etc.
and are the nerves of sight: see !Eye. Op'tics, n. — — Os^culate, -ku-lat, 1-. ^. and i. To kiss. (Geom.)
Science of the nature and properties of light, and To touch, as one curve another, or as 2 curves when
the phenomena of vision. —
Opti'^cian, -tish''an, n. both have a common curvature at the point of con-
One who makes or sells optical glasses and instru- tact. —
Oscula'tion, )?. Act of, etc. (Geom.) Contact
ments. — Ophthalmia, of-thaKiiil-a, Oph'thalmy, of curves.- Os'culant, a. Adhering closely. (Class-
-mT, n. {Med.) An inflammation of the membranes ification.) Intermediate in character, or on the bor-
or coats of the eye, or of the eyeball. OphthaK- — der between two CToups. — Os^cu-
mie, a. Pert, to the eye. latory, -to-rl, a. Pert, to kissing.
Option, etc. See under Optative. (Geom.) Capable of oscultation. —
Opulent, op'u-lent, a. Having a large n. A
picture of Christ or the Vir-
estate wealthy aftiuent.
; Op'u-
; — gin, to be kissed by priest or people.
lence,w. Wealth; riches; affluence. Orange, or'enj, 7i. tree of many A
Or, 6r, conj. A
connective that marks varieties, and its yellow round
an alternative it corresponds to fruit. a. —
Of the color of an or-
— Or'angeade',
:

either, and in poetry sometimes

is ange : see Light.
used for either : it is often used td» -ad', n. A
drink made of orange-
express an alternative of terms, juice, corresponding to leraonade.
definitions, or explanations of the — Or'angery, -an-jer-T, n. A plan- Orange.
same thin^ in different words. tation or nursery of orange trees.
Or, or, n. {Her.) The yellow or gold Orang-outang, o - r a n g'oo-
color repre- tang', n. A
lar^e monkey,
sented on an closely resembling man.
e scutcheon Oration, Orator, etc. See
by small dots. OE.iL.
-^Or''i- flamb, Orb, 5rb, n. body of a A
-flamme, Sr''- round form one of the ;

„ „
. 1-flam, n. The celestial spheres; the eye;
Oriflamme. ancient royal a circle; orbit: a revolving
standard of France, a red — circular body wheel
—
;

silk flag, cut at the edge into globe; sphere. Orbed,

flame-shaped strips, and borne 6rbd, Orbic'ular, a. Re-
on a gilded lance. — 0''riel, -rl- sembling, or having the
el, n. (Arch.) A
large bay or form of, an orb: spherical;
recessed window, as in a hall, globular. —
Orbic'ularly,
chapel, etc. —
O'riole, -rt-ol, n. adv. Spherically. Orbic'-
A singing bird aUied to the ulate, a. In the'form of an
—
thrushes, having a golden or orb. Orb'it, n. (Astron.)
vellow plumage m i x e d_with The path described by a
black. — Or'molu'', -mo-loo', n. n ^ heavenly body in its peri-
A kind of brass, made to resem- Oriel, odical revolution. (Anat.)
ble gold by using less zinc and more
copper than in The cavity in which the
— — An alloy, resem-
ordinary brass. 0''roide, -roid, n. eye is situated see Skel- :

bling gold. Or''piment, -pTC-ment, 7i. Trisulphide eton. (Ornith.) The skin
of arsenic, occurring in crystals of a lemon-yellow which surrounds the eye Orang-outang.
color, and used in dj'eing. —
Or''ris, ^r'riSj" n. A of a bird.
kind of gold or silver lace; a pattern worked gold m I
Orchard, er'cherd, n. An inclosure or assemblage of
or silver lace. fruit trees.
-Oral, o''ral, a. Pert, to, or uttered by, the mouth Orchestra, Sr'kes- o?- Sr-kes'tra, Or''chester,-tre, -kes-
spoken, not written. — O'rally, adv. By mouth. — ter, n. The space in a theater between stage and
Or'acle, 5r'a-kl, n. The answer of a pag8.n god to audience; a band of instrumental musicians.

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gndv eve, term ; Yn^ ice ; 8dd» tone, 8r
 ; — — —

ORCHIL 275 ORNITHOLOaY

Orchil, Qr'kil, -chil'la, -kil'li, n. Same as Archil. dinarily, adv. According to established rules; com-
Orchis, 8r'kis, Or 'chid, -kid, n. A perennial terres-
I

monly; usually; on the average. •

trial or epiphytal plant j

Ordure, Srd'ur, n. Dung; excrements; feces.
of unnumbered species, Ore, or, n. The compound of a metal and some other
many of w
h i c h bear substance (as oxygen, sulphur, or arsenic), by which
flowers of great beauty, its properties are disguised or lost.
and singular in form : Oread, o're-ad, n. A
mountain nymph.
it is found all over the Organ, 5r''gan, n. An instrument by which an action
world. is performed, or object accomplished; part of a liv-
Ordain, etc. See under ing being, capable of a special function, essential to
Order. the lite or well-being of the whole, as the lungs, the
Ordeal, Qr^'de-al, n. An heart, etc. a medium of communication between
;

ancient form of trial, one person or body, and another. (Mu)s.) An in-
by lot, fire, water, etc., strument containing pipes filled witli wind from a
to determine guilt or in- bellows, and played upon by means of keys. Or'- — —
nocence severe trial
; ^anist, 71. One who plays on an organ. 'Organdie,
accurate scrutiny. -ical, a. Pert, to an organ or its structure; consisting
Order, dr-'der, n. Eegular of, containing, or produced by the organs; instru-
arrangement; any me- raental^ —
Or'ganism, n. A
structure composed of
thodical or established Orchis. or acting by means
of organs; an organized being.
succession; a sound or Or''ganize, v. [-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To furnish
t.
proper condition; normal state; customarj^ mode of with organs; to arrange or constituT;e in parts, each
procedure; regular government; general tranquillitjs having a special function, act, office, or relation.
a regulation; standing rule; a particular injunction; Or'ganiz'able, a. —
Or'ganiza''tion, n. Act of organ-
command; mandate; necessarj' measures or care; izing state of being organized
; the relations in- ;

a commission to make purchases or supply goods; cluded in such a state or condition; that which is or-
a direction, in writing, to paj' money; a number of ganized; an organism.
things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable Orgy, Qr'jl, n. ; pi. -gies, -jiz, usually in the pi. —
place, or relative position esp., a rank or class in ; The ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans
society; a privileged or dignified grade; a class of in the worship of Bacchus drunken revelry noc- ; ;

men so closely linked together that thej' form a sep- turnal carousals.
arate class in the community. (Episc. Ch.) The Oriel. See under Or, n.
rank of deacon, priest, or bishop, often used in — Orient, o'rl-eut, a. Rising, as the sun eastern ori^ ; ;

pi. {Arch.) One of the 5 principal methods recog- entai; bright; shining; of superior quality; perfect.
nized by the ancients for ornamenting the columns — n. The eastern horizon the East the countries ;

—
;

of an edifice (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and of Asia. Orient'' al, n. Pert, to, proceeding from,
Composite see Capital). {Zo'ol.) One of the well-
: or situated in, the orient. n. —
native or inhab- A
marked divisions of a class, including families and itant of some eastern part of the world. O'rienta''- —
genera. {Bot.) A
group of allied individuals, more tion, n. Process of determining the points of the
comprehensive than a genus. (Jihet.) The placing of compass, or the east point, in taking bearings; ten-
words and members in a sentence so as to contribute dency of a revolving body, when suspended in a cer-
to force, beautj% and clearness of expression. — v. t. tain wav, to bring the axis of rotation into parallel-
[ORDERED (-derd), -derixg.] To put in order, re- ism with the earth's axis; an aspect or fronting to
duce to methodical arrangement, adjust to man- the east.
—
;

age, regulate; to command, direct, bid. v. i. To Orifice. See under Oral.

give direction. —
Or^derly, -der-lT, a. Conformed to Oriflamb, -flanune. See under Or, n.
order methodical regular
; observant of order,
; ; Origin, 8r''l-jin, n. First existence or beginning of
method, or rule; quiet; peaceable; well-regulated; anything; that from which anything primarily pro-
systematic; regular; methodical; being on duty. ceeds commencement rise source derivation
— —
; ; ; ; ;

adv. According to due order; regularly. n. (Mil.) cause. Orig''inal, -rii''T-nal, n. Origin source ; ;

A non-commissioned oflScer who attends a superior that which precedes all others of its class arche- ;

officer for the purpose' ot bearing orders or render- tvpe; an original work of art, manuscript, text, etc.;
ing service.— Ordain'', -dan', !'. t. [-daixed (-dand''), tne precise language employed by a writer; a person
-dainixg.] To set in order, regulate, establish; to ap- of marked peculiarity. (Nat. Hist.) The stock of
point, decree, enact; to set apart for an office, esp.,
— a series of living forms, m
which a variety is con-
to invest with ministerial or sacerdotal functions. sidered to have originated one who has new and
Or'dina'tion, n. Act of ordaining; esp., the act of striking ideas. a. —Pert, to the origin or being
;

setting anart to an office in the Christian ministry; preceding all others first in order not translated
; ; ;

state of being ordained or appointed; tendency. employed by the author having power to suggest;

Or''dinal, -dT-nal, a. Indicating the established order new thoughts or combinations of thought before ;

or succession. n. — A
number noting order; a book unused or unknown; new. — Orig^inal'lty, -T-tT, n.
containing the service prescribed in the Eng. church, Quality or state of being, etc.— Orig'inally, adv.
for the ordination of deacons, etc. Or^dinance, -dX- — Primarily; from the beginning; at first: bj^ the first
nans, n. An ordaining or establishing by authority; author; at the time of formation. Orig^inate, -nat, —
appointment; a rule establislied by authority; a stat- V.t. To give an origin or beginning to; to bring into
ute; law; edict; decree; rescript. (Eccl.) An estab- existence. — v. i. To have origin; to begin to exist
lished rite or ceremony. Ordinance, n. Heavy — or act.
—
weapons of warfare, cannon, mortars, and howit- Oriole. See under Or, n.
zers artillery.
;
—
Or^donnance, -don-nans, n. (Fine Orion, o-ri'un, n. (Astron.) large and bright con- A
Arts.) The disposition of the parts either in regard stellation, crossed by the equinoctial line.
to the whole piece or to the several parts. Or''di- — Orison. See under Oral.
nary, -dt-na-rT, a. According to established order; Orlop, 6r''lop, n. (JVaiit.) The lower deck of a ship
methodical; regular; of common rank; usual; of lit- of the line; or that, in all vessels, on which the ca-
tle merit; plain; not handsome. n. (Civil Latv.) bles are stowed.
An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own Ormolu. See under Or, 'n. '

right, and not by deputation. (Eng. Laiu.) One who Ornament, ^r'na-ment, n. That which embellishes;
has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; decoration. —
v. t. To make beautiful or furnish
an ecclesiastical judge. (Am. Laiv.) judicial offi- A with embellishments; to adorn, deck, beautify.— Or-
cer, having generally the powers of a jiidge of pro- nament'' al, a. Serving to ornament. Or'namenta'- —
bate or surrogate. A
dining-room where there is a tion, n. Act or art of ornamenting, or state of being
fixed price for the meal; meal furnished at such a ornamented; that which ornaments.— Or''nate, -nat,
dining-room. (Naval.) The establishment of the a. Adorned; decorated; beautiful.
shipping not in actual service, but laid up under the Ornithology, Sr-nt-thoKo-jT, n. Science of the form,
charge of officers. (Her.) portion of the escutch- A structure, and habits of birds.— Or'nitholog''ic, -log''-
eon compriged between straight or other lines. Or'- — ical, -loj-'ik-al, a. Pert, to, etc. OrnithoKoglst, n. —
sQn, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tben.. boNboiJ', chair, get.
 OROGRAPHY 276 OUR
One skilled in, etc.— Omith'iclinite. -ik-nit, n. (Pa- substance into bone. v. i. — To become bone or
leon.) The a bird, occurring in strata bony. —
OsteoKogy, -oKo-jT, n. That part of anat-
of stone. —foot-mark of omy which treats of the nature, arrangement, and
Or'nit ho- uses of the bones.
rhynch ' us, Ostent, os'tent or os-tent', n. Appearance; air; man-
-tho-rink'- ner; show; manifestation; token; a portent. Os- —
us, n. An ten'sible, -sT-bl. a. Shown, declared, or avowed;
Austra 1 i a n manifest: apparent.— Osten'sibly, adr.— Os'tenta'-
mammal of tion, n. Act of making an ambitious display: pre-
the shape tentious parade; pomp; vaunting; boasting" Os'- —
and size of tenta-'tious, -shus, a.Fond of excessive or offensive
the otter, display; pretentious; boastful; showy; gaudy.
with a beak Osteology, etc. See under Osseous.
like a duck's — -^ ^ ^^. .

Ornithorhynchus,
Osteopathy. os'te-5p'a-tht, w. A system of medical
and pa-n-s treatment based upon the theorv that diseases are
webbed and formed for swimming ; duck-billed chiefly due to mechanical interference with bodily
platypus. functions and may be remedied by manipulation. —
Orography, o-rog'ra-fT, n. An account of mountains. Os'^teopath. A
physician who practices osteopathy.
Oroide. See under Oe, n. Ostler. Same
as Hostlee.
Orotund. See under Oral. Ostracean, os-tra^shan, ?i. One of a family of bivalve
Orphan, dr'fan, 7i. A child bereaved of both father shell-fish, of which the ovster ic the type.
and mother; also, a child who has but one parent Ostracize, os'tra-siz, v. t. [-cized (-sizd), -cizixc]
living. —
a. Bereaved of parents. Or'^phanage, -ej, — To exile by ostracism, banish from societv, put un-
71. State of being an orphan; an asylum for orphans. der ban. —
Os'tracism.-sizm.ri. (Gr. Antiq.^ Ban-
Orrery, 6r''re-rT, 7i. piece of A ishment, by the people of Athens, of a person whose
apparatus to illustratethe rel- influence gave rmibrage to them. Expulsion; sepa-
ative size, positions, orbits, ration.
etc.,of the bodies of the solar Ostrich, os'^trich, n. A bird of Africa and Arabia.
system. nearly 10 feet high,
Orris, Sr'ris, n. European A having a long neck,
species of iris, whose root has stout,long legs, with
an agreeable odor, resemb- Orrery. only 2 toes, and short
ling violets. wings, with long,
Orris, n. Gold and silver lace. See under Oe, n. soft plumes in the
Orthodox, 6r''tho-doks, o. Sound in the Christian place of feathers: it
faith, — opp. to heretical; according with the doc- is remarkable for its
trines of Scripture. — Or'thodox'y, -T, n. Soundness speed, and for swal-
of faith belief in the doctrines taught in the Scrip-
; lowing bits of metal
tures; consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines. or stone to aid in di-
Orthodxom'ics, Or''thodrom''y, -1, n. Art of sailing gestion.
in a direct course, or on the arc of a great circle. — Ostrogoth, os-'tro-goth,
Or'^thoepy, -tho-e-pl, ti. Art of uttering words with w. One of the eastern
propriety correct pronunciation of words. Or- — Goths, distmg. fr. the
—
;

thoep'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Orthoep''ically, Visigoths, or western

adv. —
Or'thoepist, n. One skilled in orthoepy. — Goths.
Orthog^onal, a. Right-angled; rectangular; at right Otalgia, etc. See under
angles. —
Orthog^'raphy, -ra-fT, n. Art of writing Oxic.
words with the proper letters, according to common Otter, utii^'er, pron. &
usage: spelling; the part of grammar which treats of a. Different from
this subject. (Geom.) Delineation of an object by that which has been
lines and angles corresponding to those of the ob- specified; additional;
ject; an elevation, showing all the parts in their second of two not ; Ostrich.
proper proportions. this, but the contrary
Ortive, dr'tiv, a. Of, or relating to, the time or act of opposite. —
Oth'^erwise, adv. In a different man-
rising, as of a star; eastern. ner in different respects.
;

Ortolan, or'to-lan, n. A
European singing bird, about Otic. o''tik, a. Pert, to, of, or for the ear: auricular.
the size of the lark, esteemed delicious food. Otalgia, -taKjT-a, Otal'gy, -taKjI, n. (Med.) Pain
Orsrx, o'riks, n. variety A
of S. African antelope; the in the ear. —
Otoscope, o'to- or ot'o-skop, n. An
gemsbok; the Egyptian antelope of N. Africa and S. instrument for examining the condition of the ear.
Asia. Otiose, o'^shT-os', a. Being at ease ; indolent.
Osage-orange, o'saj-or^enj, n. An ornamental tree, Ottar, oftar, n. A
highly" fragrant oil obtained from
resembling the mulberry, having an orange-like the petals of some flowers, esp. of the rose, written —
fruit, and used_as a hedge plant. also attar, otto.
Oscillate, os'^sil-lat, v. i. To move backward and for- Otter, ot-'ter, n. A
carnivorous aquatic animal of sev-
ward, vibrate, swing, sway. eral species, feeding on fish.
Osculate. See under Oral. Ottoman, ot''to-man, a. Pert, to, or derived from, the
Osier, o''zher, n. A species of willow, or the twig of empire of Turkey. n. ; pi. -maxs. A Turk; a
the willow, used in making baskets. stuffed seat without a back, orig. used in Turkey.
Osmanli, oz''man-lI, n. ; pi. -lis, -liz. A Turkish offi- Ouch, owch, 71. A bezel, or socket, in which a precious
cial, —so called fr. Osvian, who founded the Otto- stone or seal is set a carcanet or ornament of gold. ;

man empire in Asia; less properly, a native Turk. Ought, awt, 71. See Al'Ght.
Osmium, oz'mT-um, n. A gray-colored, brittle metal, Ought, awt, V. imperfect. Is fit: behooveth; is proper
found with platinum, whose oxide has a disagree- or necessary; should, used impersonally. —
able smell. Ounce, owns,' n. A weight l-12th lb. troy, and l-16th =
Ospray, -prey. See under Osseous. lb. avoirdupois.
Osseous, os''se-us or osh^us, a. Composed of, or re- Ounce, owns, w. A carnivorous animal, of N. India
sembling, bone; bony. — Os^sifica'tion, w. Change, and Persia, resembling the leopard, but having a
process of changing,' or state of being changed into thicker fur, irregular faint spots, and a longer tail.
a bony substance.— Os'sifrage, -fraj, Os'pray, -prey, Our, owT, possessive pz-oTioim. Pert., or belonging, to
-pra, 71. A long-winged eagle, living on fish, which us. [When the noun is not expressed, ours (not
it takes by darting upon them when near the surface otir') is used.] Ours, owrz, possessive of We. —Our- —
of the water. —
Os'selet, -se-let, n. A hard substance self', i>ro?«. ; pjl. -selves, -selvz'. We us,— used ;

growing on the inside of a horse's knee, among the bv way of emphasis, and chiefly in pi. myself
small bones. —
Os'sify, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fyixg.] also, we, us, —
used reciprocally, chiefly in the regal
;

To form into hone; to change from a soft animal or formal style, and generally in singular.

Sm, fame, far, pass or oper&, f Sre ; Snd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 ; — —
;

OUSEli 277 OUTBUILDING-

OuBel, Ouzel, oo'zl, n. A bird of several species, of the Place or the means by which anything is let out
thrush lamily. passage outward an exit. Out'line, n. The line
;
—
Oust, owst, V. t. To take which marks the outside of a figure contour a ; ;

away, remove to eject, sketch delineation of a figure without shading a

turn out. OuBfar, n. — ; ;

preliminary or general indication of a plan, sj-stem,

:

A putting out of pos- course of thought, etc. v. t. —

To draw the exterior
session dispossession
; line of to draw in outline, sketch, delineate.
;
—
ejection disseizin. ; Outlive', V. t. To live beyond, survive. Out'look, —
Out, owt, adv. Without ; ^^^^m n. Act of looking out watch place from which ; ;

on the outside; not ^s^ one looks out a watch-tower view obtained by
;

within on the exterior,

; ^^ one looking out; prospect; sight. Out'lyin^, a.
;

—
or beyond the limits of | Lying or being at a distance from the main body
any inclosed place or or design remote on the exterior or frontier.
given Une, opp. to in — — ; ;

Outmarch', v. t. To march faster than to leave ;

or ivithin; used in — behind. —

Outmeas'ure, v. t. To exceed in measure
special senses; as, a- or extent.
broad, not at home in
Water-ouscl. — Outnum'ber, To exceed in number.
— Out'port, n. v.A
; t.
a state of disclosure or discovery ; not in conceal- harbor or port at some distance
ment or secrecy ; in a state of extinction or desti- from the chief town or seat of trade. Out'post, n. —
tution, in want or debt, with deficiency or loss ; {Mil.) A
post or station without the limits of a
not in office or employment in public, on display, ; camp, ^r at a distance from the main body of an
etc. ; to the end, completely ; in an open or free army the troops at such a station. Outpour', v. t.
; —
manner, audibly or perceptibly, vividly or forci- To pour out; to send forth in a stream: to effuse.
bly ; not in the hands of the owner in error or ; Out 'put, n. (Iron and Coal trade.) The quantity
mistake, in a wrong position or opinion in a puz- ; of metal yearly produced by the furnaces, or of coal
zle, at a loss; uncovered, with clothes torn away, ; from the pits. — Outrank', v. t. To take precedence
off,— used as an exclamation at the end of a game
—
; of, or be superior to, in rank; to rank.
—
or of some definite part of it. n. One who, or that Outreach', v. t. To reach or extend bevond.
which, is without esp. one out of office ; a place or Outride', u. «. To ride faster than. v.i. To travel —
—
;

space outside of, or around an angle projecting about on horseback, or in a vehicle. Out'rider, n.
outward an open space. (Print.) An omission in
;

A servant on horseback who attends a carriage. —

setting up copy.
;

—
Oufer, a. On the outside ; fur- Out'rigger, w. (Naut.) Any projecting spar or tim-
ther or more remote external. Out'ermost, a. On ; — ber for extending ropes, sails, etc. a projection at ;

the extreme external part remotest from the midst. the side of a boat, to sustain a row-lock ; a racing
— Out ''ward, a. Forming the superficial part; exter-
;

boat, thus equipped. Out'right, adv. —

Immedi-
nal ; exterior extrinsic adventitious tending to ately ; without delay at once instantly ; com-
—
; ; ; ; ;

the exterior part; visible; apparent; carnal; corpo- pletely; utterly. Outrun', v. t. [-ran; p. p. -run;
real. — Oufward, -wards, adv. To the outer parts; -RUNNING.] To exceed in running to exceed in
from a poi-t or country to some foreign region. — degree, quality, etc. to surpass.
;

Out''wardly, adv.
;

— ;

To sail faster than. Outsell', v. —

— Outbal'^ance, Externally.
To outweigh, exceed in weight
v. t. t.
Outsail', V. t.
To exceed in amount of sales, or in the prices of
or effect. — Outbid', To go beyond in the offer v. t. things sold to bring, or be sold for, a higher price.
of a price.* — Out'bound, a. Destined or proceeding — ;

Out'set, w. First entrance on any business be-

—
;

from a country or harbor to a distant country or ginning. Outshine', v. t. To excel in luster or ex-
port. — Out'^break, A bursting forth; eruption; n. cellence. —
Out'side, 71. The external part of a thing;
violent manifestation. — Out 'breaking, n. Act of, or that which is .superficial; exterior; externality; part
that which, etc. — Out-'burst, n. A breaking or or place which lies beyond an inclosure furthest ;

bursting out. limit, as to number, quantity, extent, etc. ; the ut-

— Out'cast, One cast out or expelled; an exile
n. most; one who, or that which, is without. a. On —
a vagabond. — Out^'come, n.
;

a degraded person ; the outside exterior ; external pert, to, or denot-

; ;

That which comes out of, or follows from, some- ing, the extreme or furthest limit, as to extent, qual-
thing else issue result consequence.
; Oufcry, ; ; — ity, etc. —
as, the outside price. Out'sid'er, »i. One —
n. A vehement or loud cry cry of distress noisy ; ; not belonging to the concern, party, etc., spoken of.
opposition or detestation clamor noise vocifera- ; ; ; — Out'skirt, n. Border; outpost; suburb. Out- —
tion sale at public auction. spok'en, a. Speaking freely or openly ; candid ;
—
;

Outdare', v. t. To dare or venture beyond sur- frank. —

Outspok'enness, n. Outspread', v. t. To —
—
;

pass in daring. Outdo', v. t. [imp. -did p. p.

— ; extend, spread. —
Outstand', w. i. To project out-
-DOXE -DOING.]
; To excel to surpass. Out- ; ward from the main body to stand or remain be-
door', a. Being without the house. Outdoors', — yond the proper time; to be unpaid, as a debt, etc.
;

adv. Abroad out of the house out of doors. — Outstare', v. t. To face down, browbeat. Out- —
— ;

Outface', r. t. To face or look out of countenance

;

stretch', V. t. To stretch or spread out, expand. —

to brave. Out'fit, n.— fitting out or equipment, A
;

Outstrip', V. t. To outrun, advance beyond, leave

as of a ship or person for a voyage; an allowance for behind.
the payment of expenses connected with any special — Outtalk', V. t. To overpower by talking, exceed
service or duty. in talking.
— Outgen'eral, v. t. To exceed in generalship to — Outval'ue, v. t. To exceed in price or value.
gain advantage over by superior military skill.
;

Outvie', t. To exceed, surpass. Outvote', v. t.

V. —
Outgo', v. t. [imp. -WEN'T p. p. -goxe -GOING.] ; ; To exceed in the number of votes given, defeat by
To go beyond, go faster than ;to surpass, excel; to plurality of suffrages.
circumvent, overreach. Out'go, n. Outlay ex- — — Outwalk', V. t. To walk faster than, leave be-
penditure, —
opposite of income. Outgrow', v. t. — ;

hind in walking. —
Out'wall, 7i. The exterior wall
[-GREW p. p. -GROWN -GROWING.] lo surpass in
; ; of a building or fortress. Outwear', v. t. [imp. —
growth to become too large to make use of, or too -WORE p. J). -WORN -WEARING.] To last longer
;

old or infirm to exhibit. Out'growth, ?*. Growth — ;

than, surpass or exceed in duration.

;

Outweigh', v. —
to excess that which has grown out or proceeded
; t. To exceed in weight, value, influence, or impor-
frbm anything
— ; result. tance. —
Outwit', V. t. To surpass in design or strata-
Outland'ish, according with usage
a. Not gem, overreach, frustrate by superior ingeniaty.
strange rude barbarous clownish. Outlast', — ;

Outwork', V. t. [imp. outworked or outwrought;

r. -t.
; ;

To last longer than exceed in duration.

;

— p. p. -WROUGHT; -WORKING.] To surpass ill work or

—
;

Out'law, n. X person excluded from the benefit of labor. Out'work, Jt. (Fort.) part of a fortress A
the law, or deprived of its protection. — v. t. To de- without the principal wall, within or beyond the
prive of the benefit and protection of law to pro- principal ditch.
— Out'lawry, -rT,
;
i

— A
scribe.
ing, etc.
that
— Out'lay, n. A
which is laid out ;
n. Act of, or state of be-
laying out or expenrling
exisenditure. Out'let, n. — ;

!
Out'-build'ing, -house, n. structure separated
from, or subordinate to, the main house. Her'od,
-hSr'ud, V. t. To excel in resemblance to Herod ;
—
sttn, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tJien. boNboN, chair, get.
 OUTRAGE 278 OVERRAKE
to surpass in atrocity, violence, or cruelty. of- dose. —
Overdraw', v. t. To draw upon for a sum
door', a. Outdoor out of the house in the open beyond one's credit in the books (of a bank, etc.); to
air. of-doors', ac/i'. Outdoors.
;

of-the-way', a.
:

exaggerate. —
Overdrive', i-. t. and i. To drive too
Different from the ordinary way or fashion un- ;
hard or beyond strength. Overdue', a. Due and —
common singular inaceessiblej inconvenient. more than due; past the time of jjaynient.
; ;

Outrage, owf'raj, r. i. [-raged (-rajd), -kagi^g.] To — Overfeed', ?;. t. To feed to excess. Overflow', —
treat with violence and wrong; to injure by rough V. t. To flow over, spread over, as water, inundate;
treatment of any kind, abuse to comnrit a rape ; to overwhelm, cover, as with numbers. v. i. To —
upon. —
n. Injurious violence offered to persons or run over, swell and run- over the brim or banks; ta
things gross injury affront insult abuse.
; Out-; ; ;
— be abundant, abound. —
O'verflow', n. An inunda-
ra'geoos, -jus, a. Involving or performing an out- tion; also, superabundance.— Overflow'ing, «. Ex-
rage exceeding the limits of reason or of decency
; ;
uberance copiousness.
; Overfreight', v. t. To —
violent furious exorbitant excessive atrocious ;
; ; ; ; load too heavily, fill with too great quantity or num-
enormous. bers.
Outre, oo'tra'', o. Being out of the common course or — Overgrow', t. To cover with growth or her-
?.'.

limits extravagant fantastic ; bizarre.

; ; bage; to grow beyond, rise above. v.i. To grow —
Ouzel. Same as Ousel. beyond the fit or natural size.
Oval. Ovary, etc. See under Ovum. — Overhang', V. t. To impend or hang over; to jut
Ovation, o-va^'shun, n. (.Rom. Antiq.) lesser tri- A or project over. — v. i. To jut over. Overhaul', r. —
umph allowed to a commander tor a victory; an ex- t. To turn over and examine; to exaiuine thorough-
traordinary and spontaneous expression of popular ly with a view to repairs. (Naut.) To gain upon in
homage. —
a chase, overtake. Overhead', adv. Aloft above; ;

Oven, uv'n, n. An arched place, for baking, heating, in the zenith or ceiling; in the story or upon the
or drying any substance; any structure, which may floor above. —
Overhear', v. t. To hear more than
be heated for baking or like uses; esp. a chamber in was intended or proper, hear by accident.
a stove. — Overis'sue, n. An issuing to excess; an issuing
Over, o'ver, prep. Across; from sid,e to side,— imply- (of notes, etc.) beyond the capital stock, or beyond
ing a moving either above the thing, or on the sur- the public wants.
face of it; above, in position; above, denoting supe- — Overjoy', v. t. To make excessively joyful.
riority in excellence, dignity, or value; above in au- — Overla'bor, ?;. <. To harass with toil; to execute
thority; upon the surface or whole surface; through —
with too much care. Overlade', v. t. [imp. -l.\ded;
the whole extent; in a state of watchfulness with p. p. -LADEN -LADING.] To load With too great a
respect to; during the whole time; above the top of; cargo or other burden.
;

—
O'verland', a. Made or
covering. — Otclv. From
on the opposite side to side ; performed upon or across the land. Overlap', v. t. —
side from one to another by passing from one or i. To extend so as to lie or rest upon; to lap over.
;

country to another, by passing; above the top; more

;

— Overlay', v. t. To lay over, spread over, cover

than the quantity assigned; throughout; from be- completely; as, to occupy fully; or, to conceal with
ginning to end; completely. a. Upper; covering, — a superficial covering; or, to smother witli a close
— chiefly in composition. — n. In cricket, a change covering or by lying upon; or, to stretch above and
of ends in bowling and of the position of fielders. across, so as to unite the two sides of. Overleap', —
[Over is much used
in composition, with the signifi- V. t. To leap over, pass from side to side by leaping.
cation of spreading, so as to come from above, as in — O'verleath'er, n. The leather which forms the
overcast, overflow ; or above, as to overhang ; or turn- upper part of a shoe; upper-leather. Overlie', v. t. —
ing, so as to reverse the surface or sides, as in over- [imp. -lay; ^j. p. -LAiif; -LYING.] To lie over or upon
turn; or, more generally, beyond a limit, implying something.— Overload', v. t. To load with too heavy
excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome.^ — a burden or cargo. —
Overlook', r. t. To look over
O'verabound', -a-bownd'', v. i. To abound more or beyond as from an elevated position; as, to view
than enough. —
Overact', v. t. To act or perform to from a high place; or, to afford an elevated prospect
excess. r. i. To act— ore than is necessary. m ^ of; or, to inspect, review, go over and survey the
O'veralls, n. pi. A
kind of' loose trowsers worn whole; or, to look beyond, so that what is near by is
over others to protect them from being soiled. — not perceived, pass by; or, to refrain willingly from
Overarch'', r. t. To cover with an arch. v. i. To — noticing, excuse, pardon or, to look over tlie shoul-
—
;

hang ovel- like an arch. Overawe', v. t. To re- der of.

strain by awe, fear, or superior influence. — Overmas'ter, v. t. To overpower, subdue, gov-
—
.
O'verbaKance, ('. ^. To exceed in weight, value, ern. —
Overmatch', v. t. To be too powerful for,
or importance.— O'verbaFance, n. Excess of weight conquer, suppress by superior force. O'vermatch', — —
or value. —
Overbear', v. t. To bear down, repress, n. One superior in power; one able to overcome.
subdue, overwhelm, suppress. Overbear'ing, p. a. — Overmeas'ure, r. t. To measure or estimate too
Haughty and dogmatical tending to repress by in- largely. O'vermeas'ure, n. Excess of measure ;
^

—
;

solence or effrontery. Overbid', v. i. [imp. -bade; something that exceeds the measure proposed; sur-
p.p. -BID or -bidden; -bidding.] To bid or offer plus.— Overmuch', adv. In too great a degree. n. —
more than an equivalent. O'verboard', adv. Over — More than sufficient.
the side of a ship; hence, out of a ship or from on — O'vernight', n. The night following yesterday,
board. —
Overbuild', v. t. and i. To build in excess or the previous evening. — adv. During the night
of the demand. —
Overbur'den, v. t. To load with previous; yesterday night; last night.
too great weight. — Overpass', v. t. To pass over, neglect, disregard;
— Overcast', v. t. To cover with gloom, cloud, to go over, cross; to omit. Overpay', v. t. To pay —
darken; to rate too high; to sew by running the too much or more than is due; to reward beyond the
thread over a rough edge, sew over and over. — price or merit. —
O'verplus, n. That which" remains
Overcharge', v. t. To load with too heavy a charge after a supply; surplus, [over and L. plus, more.] —
or weight; to burden, oppress, cloy; to make too Overply', i". t. To ply to excess, exert with too
great a charge of, or against, as on an account. much vigor.— Overpoise', v. t. To exceed in weight,
{Mil.) To fill with too much powder and ball, as a out-weigh. —
O'verpoise', n. Preponderant weight.
gun. —
O'vercharge', n. An excessive load, burden, — Overpow'er, v. t. To affect with a power or force
or charge. —
Overcloud', v. t. To cover or over- that cannot be withstood; to vanquish by force, de-
spread with clouds, becloud. O'vercoat, n. coat — A feat, cnsh, overwhelm, subdue.
worn over the other clothing; great-coat; top-coat.— — Overrake', r. (Kaitt.) To break in upon, as a
t.
Overcome', v. t. To get the better of, subdue, van- ship, — said of the waves when they break in upon
quish, defeat, beat, surmount. v.i. To gain the a ship at anchor, with her head to the sea. — Over-
superiority. —
Overcost'ly, a. Very or unduly cost- rate', v. To rate at too much, estimate at a value
t.
ly; extravagantly expensive. beyond the truth. — Overreach', v. To reach be- t.
—
Overdo', v. t. To do or perform too much; to op- vond in any direction, extend beyond; to get the
press by too much action or labor, harass, fatigue;
—
Defter of by cunning or sagacity to cheat. v. i. To ; —
to boil, bake, or roast too much. v. i. To labor too strike the toe of the hind foot against the heel or
hard, do too much. O'verdose'', n. Too great a — shoe of the fore foot, said of horses. —
Overreach'- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 OVERSEE 279 OX
er, n. — Override', v. [imp. -rode; p. p. -RroDEX,
t. crush beneath something that covers or encompasses
-BODE. -RrD; p. pr. & vb. n. overriding.] To ride the \Wiole; to immerse and bear down, crush, sub-
beyond the strength of the horse; to ride too far, or merge, drown, subdue. Overwhelm 'ingly, adv.^ —
bejond, outride; to trample down, and hence to set Overwork', v. i. and t. [imp. and p. p. -worked or
aside or annul. —
Overrule'', v. t. To influence or -wrought; overworking.] To work bevond the
control by predominant power; to control in such a strength; to tire. —
O'verwork', n. Work done be-
way as to bring to pass events not contemplated bv yond the amount stipulated, or beyond usual hours;
the human agent. (Law.) To supersede, reject, an- excessive or exhausting labor.
nul, or rule against. —
Overrul'lng, i>. a. Exerting Overt, o'vert, a. Open to view; public apparent. :

superior and controlling power; prevailing: predom- (Law.) Not covert, manifest. O'verture, -ver- —
inant; governing. —
Overrun'', v. t. [imp. -ran; p. p. chur, n. Something offered for consideration a ;

-KlJN; -RUNNING.] To run or spread over in a pro- proposal; offer a topic or resolution, formallv pro-
;

lific manner, or in excess; to grow all over; to over- posed for consideration by a proper person or com-
come by an invasion; to subdue, oppress. (Print.) mittee. (Mus.) A
composition, for a full instru-
To change the arrangement of (types) and carry mental band, introductory to an oratorio, opera, or
those of one line or page into anotlier, either in cor- ballet.
rection, or in the contraction or extension of columns Ovicular, Ovoid, etc. See under Ovum.
or lines to extend beyond the previous length of
; Ovine, o'vin, a. Pert, to sheep; consisting of sheep.
(a line, etc.) by the insertion of new matter. r. i. — Ovum, o'vum, n. ; jd. O'va, -va. (Anat.) The egg of
To become excessive or superabundant, overflow. a huma^ female or any viviparous animal. O'val, —
(Print.) To extend beyond its due length. a. Having the shape or figure of an egg ; ^~-^
— Oversee'', i\ t. [imp. -saw; p. p. -seen; -seeing.] resembling the longitudinal section ot an / \
To inspect so as to direct and control; to superin- egg; oblong and curvilinear, with both/ \
tend, overlook. —
Overseer'', n. superintendent; A ends of about the same breadth; elliptical./ \
supervisor. —
Oversell', v. t. To sell for a higher -n. A
body or figure in the shape of an11 I
price than, go to a higher rate. (Stock Exchange.) egg, or of an ellipse. —O'vate, -vat, O'vat-
To sell beyond one's ability to deliver. Oversold — • ed, a. Shaped hke an egg, with the lower
market. Amarket in which" stocks have been sold extremities broadest.— Ova'rious, -rt-us, a. Oval.
"short" to such an extent that it is difficult to pro- Consisting of eggs. —
Ova'rium, n.; pi. -ria, -rT-a.
cure them for delivery. —
Overset', r. t. To turn Same as Ovary. —O'vary, -va-rl, n. (Bot.) That
upon the side, or to turn bottom upward; to subvert, part of the pistil which con-
•overthrow. —
0''verset', n. An upsetting; ruin; over- tains the ovules, and in the
turn. —Oversew', -so', v. t. To sew over and over, course of development be-
overcast. —
Overshade', v. t. To cover with shade, comes the fruit. (Anat.)
render dark or gloomy. —
Overshad'ow, v. t. To The organ of a female ani-
throw a shadow or shade over; to shelter, protect. — mal in which eggs are
•O'verslioe, n. A
shoe of India-rubber, or other formed. —
Ovic^olar, a.
water-proof material, worn over another shoe to pro- Pert, to an egg. O'viduct, —
tect it —
from moisture. Overshoot', v. t. To shoot n. (Anat.) A
passage for
beyond, as a mark; to pass swiftly over. — Overshot the egg from the ovary to tlie
wheel. A wheel whose circumference is covered womb, or to an external out-
with buckets, and which is turned by water which let. — O'vlform, Ovary. (Bot.)
a. Having
flows upon the top of it, filling the buckets and act- the form
or figure of an egg. O'void, -void, Ovoid'-—
ing by its weight only. See Water-wheel.— O'ver- al, a. Oviform. —
O'volo, -vo-lo, n. (Arch.) A
sight, n. Watchful care; an overlooking; omission; round molding, the quarter of a circle: see Mold-
a being overlooked; escape; neglect; mistake; error. ing. —Ovip'arouB, -a-rus, a. Producing eggs, from
— Oversleep', r. t. To sleep beyond or by.— Over- which young are hatched after separation from the
spread', V. t. To spread over, cover over; to scatter parent, —
opp. to viviparous. 061'ogy, o-ol'o-jl, n.—
over.— Overstate', r. To
state in too strong terms;
t. Science of the coloring, size, shape, number, etc., of
to exaggerate. — Overstay', v. t. [-st.a.yed or -staid, eggs. —O'blite, -lit, n. (Geol.) variety of lime- A
-staving.] To stay longer than, stay beyond the stone consisting of round grains of the size of the
limits of. —
Overstep', v\t. To step over or beyond, eggs of fish.
exceed. —
Overstrain', v. i. To strain to excess, Owe, o, V. i. [owed (od), owing.] To be indebted to;
make too violent efforts. to be obliged or bound to pay to be obliged to a scribe
— Overtake', [imp. -took; p. p. -taken; -tak-
r\ t. to; to be obliged for. r. i. —
To be due to; to be the
;

ing.] To come up with, catch; to come upon, take consequence or result of. —
Ow'ing, j>. a. Required
by surprise.— Overtask', r. t. To impose too heavy by moral obligation to be paid due ascribable to,
—
; ;

a task or injunction on. Overthrow', v. t. [imp. as the cause imputable, as to an agent.

;

-THREW -thrown; -throwing.]

; p. p. To throw Owl, owl, n. A
nocturnal carnivorous bird, of short,
over, turn upside down: to ruin, defeat utterly, de- stout form, large head
molish, prostrate, subvert, beat, rout.— O'verthrow', and eyes, and uttering
n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ruin; defeat; dis- a howling or hooting
comfiture; downfall. —
O'vertone, n. (Mus.) In a cry. — V. i. [owled
body or instrument producing musical sounds, one (owld), OWLING.] To
of tne tones emitted (due to higher orders of vibra- carry on a contraband
tion) over and above its fundamental tone such : or unlawful trade, —
tones are also called harmonics. Overtop', r. t. To — fr. its being practiced
rise above the top of; to go beyond, transcend, sur- Chiefly in the night.
pass, excel; to make of le'ss importance by superior Own, oh, a. Belonging
excellence; to obscure. —
Overtrade', v. i. To trade to, or exclusivelj' to :

beyond capital, or to purchase goods beyond one's peculiar, —

usually fol-
means of payment, or beyond the wants of the com- lowing a possessive
munity.— Overturn', v. t. To turn or throw from a pronoun, to empha-
basis or foundation; to subvert, ruin, destroy; to size the idea of owner-
overpower, conquer. —
O'vertum', n. State of be- ship. —
V. t. [owned
ing overturned or subverted; overthrow; prostra- (ond), OWNING.] To
tion; revolution; ruin. hold as property, have
— Overval'ue, v. t. To value excessively. a legal or rightful title
— Overween', v. i. To be too high, favorable, or to.— Own'er, n. One Barn Owl.
flattering, in one's estimate or judgment; to be arro- who owns a rightful
;

gant in one's thoughts or claims.— Overween'ingly, proprietor. — Own'ersMp, n. Proprietorship just

adv. —Overweigh', -wa', v. t. To exceed in weight, or legal title.
;

outweigh, preponderate, outbalance.— O'verweight', Own, on, V. t. To acknowledge

the possession of to ;

n. Weight over and above what is required; pre- avow as one's own, confess, admit, recognize.
ponderance. — Overwhelm', r. <. To overspread or Ox, oks, n.; pi. Oxen, oks'n. The male oi: the bovine

Btln, cube, fuU ; moon, f (56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 OXALIS 280 PADDOCK
genus of quadrupeds, esp. when castrated and fully itforms water. Bleaching powder, a manufactur- —
grown. ing term. —
Ox^ytone, -t-ton, a. Having an acute
Ozalia, oks'a-lis, Wood-sorrel, a genus of plants
71. sound. n. An acute sound. (Gr. Gram.) Aword
having an acid taste. —
Oxal^'ic, a. Pert, to, con- having the acute accent on the last syllable.
tained in, or obtained from, sorrel. —
Ox''ide, -id, n. Oyer, o^yer, n. {Law.) The hearing, as of a deed,
IChem.) A compound of oxygen and a base desti- bond, etc. —
Oyer and Ter^miner. A court consti-
tute of acid and salifving properties. —Qx''idate, tuted by a commission to hear and determine crimi-
V. t. To convert (metals and other substances) into nal causes.
an oxide by combination with oxygen. Oxida'- — Oyster, ois'ter, n. A
bivalve mollusk, usually found
tion, n. Operation or process of, etc. Ox^idize, — on gravel or sand, or adhering to rocks or other
-iZj V. t. [-IZED (-izd), -iziXG.] To convert into an fixed substances in shallow salt water, or in the
oxide, oxidate. —
Ox^ygen, -T-jen, n. (Chem.) A mouths of rivers: the common species is extensively
— Oya't^r-plant,
gaseous element, possessing strong chemical affini- used for food. n. A plant, whose
ties: its combination with bodies, when rapid, pro- root, when cooked, somewhat resembles the oyster
duces combustion, and in slower form, oxidation: in taste; salsify.
it serves to support life, and forms about 22 per cent, Ozone, c'zon, n. Oxygen in an active or highly elec-
of the atmosphere: by composition with hydrogen, tro-negative state.

P.
P, pe, the IGth letter of theEng. alphabet, is formed n. ; pi. -MEKT. One who bears a pack; a peddler. —
by closely compressing the lips, and separating them -sad'dle, n. A
suddenly with an explosive emission of breath, as saddle on
xtL part, pap. which packs
Pabmum,
fuel.
paD''u-lum, n.
— Pab'tilar, a.
Pacation, Pace. See under Pacify.
Means of nutriment
Pert, to, or affording, food.
; food ;

borne.
n.
—
or burdens are
staff,
A staff on
Pace, pas, n. A step; esp., the space included between which a trav- I

the two feet in walking, usually estimated at 2.5, but e 1 e r occasion-

'

sometimes at 3.3 feet; manner of walking; gait; de- ally supports

gree of celerity in walking a mode of stepping; his pack. —
among horses, in which the legs on the same_side -thread, n.
are lifted together; amble. v. i. —
[paced (pasd), Strong thread
PACING.] To go, walk; to go at a pace, walk slowly; or twine used .

to move by lifting the legs on the same side together, in tying up par-
'

as a horse to amble.
; v. t. —
To walk over with, eels. — Pack ''-

measured steps; to measure by steps or paces. age, n. Act or

Pacha, Pachalic. See Pasha. style of pack- ^ . ,,_
PacMsi, pa-che''zT, Par'chesi, n. A game, orig. of ing; a bundle; Pack-saddle,
India, resembling backgammon. pack or packet; bale; a charge for packing goods.
Pachyderm, pak^'I-derm, n. A non-ruminant hoofed Pack'^et, n. A
small pack or package; a vessel em-
animal, disting. for the thickness of its skin, as the ployed in conveying dispatches, passengers, or goods
elephant, hippopotaifius, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, on fixed days of sailing. v. t. To make up into a —
hog, etc. —Pachyderm''atous, -a-tus, a. I'ert. to a packet or bundle; to send in a packet or dispatch-
pachyderm; thick skinned. vessel. —
V. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch-
Pacify, pas-'Y-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fting.] To ap- vessel.
pease (wrath, passion, or appetite); to restore peace Packwax. See Paxwax.
to, tranquilize, calm, still, quiet, soothe, allay, com- Pact, pakt, Pacation, n. An agreement; league; com-
pose. — Pacific, -leal, a. Suited to make or restore pact; covenant. Pac'^tional, a. —
Byway of agree-
peace attended or characterized by peace mild;
;

— ; ment. —
Pacti'tious, -tish'us, a. Settled by agree-
conciliatory; tranquil; peaceable. Pacification, pa- ment or stipulation.
sif'I- or pas''t-fT-ka'shun, 71. Act of pacifying; re- Pad, pad, K. Afoot-path; road; an easy-paced horse;
duction to a peaceful state; reconcilement. Pacifi- — a nighwayman; foot-pad. v. t. To travel; tread; —
cator, na-sif''t- or pas'T-fY-ka'ter, n. One who, or tramp; to tread or beat smooth or level. v.i. To
that which, pacifies; a peace-maker, etc. Pacifi- — travel slowly or leisurely; to rob on foot; to beat a
catory, -I-ka-to-rt, a. Tending to make peace; con- way smooth and level.
ciliatory. —
Paca'tion, n. Act of appeasing. Pad, pad, n. Anything flattened or laid flat; a package
Pack, pak, n. A
bundle or bale ; esp., a bundle made of blotting paper; a soft saddle, cushion, or bolster
up to be carried on the back; a burdensome load; a stuffed with straw, hair, or other soft substance; a
number or quantity of connected or similar things, measure for fish. v. t. —
To stuff with padding.
as, a set of playing cards; or, a number of hounds (Calico Printing.) To imbue equally with a mor-
or dogs, hunting or kept together; or, a number of
persons united in a bad design or practice ; a large
dant. —
Pad'ding, n. Act or process of making a pad;
impregnation of cloth with a mordant; material for
area of floating pieces of ice driven together. v. t. — stuffing a saddle, garment, etc.; literary matter of
[p.iCKED (pakt), PACKING.] To make up into a bun- inferior value used to fill a book, newspaper, etc.
dle or bale to assemble and compact together to
; ; Paddle, pad'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dlixg.] To toy
fill or load, make full, stow away within; to put to- with hands or fingers; to beat water with the hands
gether (cards) in such a manner as to secure the or feet; to propel a boat with a paddle, w. t. To —
game unfairly to bring together fraudulently for
;
Eropel by an oar or paddle. n. short oar with a A
some unjust end to send off, dispatch to envelop
; ; road blade; the blade or the broad part of an oar
in numerous coverings, esp. when surrounded with or weapon a short, broad blade resembling that of
;

a wet sheet. (3Iech.) To render impervious to air, an oar; one of the broad boards at the circumference
water, or steam, by filling or surrounding with suit- of a water-wheel a small gate in sluices or lock-
able materials. —
v. i. To form things into bundles;
;

gates; a paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea-turtle, etc.

to admit of stowage or compression into a smaller Paddock, pad^'dok, n. A large toad or frog. Pad'- —
space, or so as to form a compact mass ; to unite in dock-stool, n. A
mushroom; toadstool.
bad measures, join in collusion; to depart in haste. — small inclosure A under pas-
Pack'^-horse, n. A
horse to carry burdens. man. — Paddock, pad''dok, n.
ture, adjoining a stable.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ;
 — —— — — —

PADDY 281 PALILOGY

Paddy, pad'dt, n. In India, rice in the husk. Pajamas, pa-jii'maz, n. pi. Orig., in India, loose
Padlock, pad'lok, n. A movable lock having a semi- drawers or trousers also, a suit consisting of draw-
;

circular link jointed at one ers and a loose upper garment for wear in the dress-
end so that it can be ing room and during sleep.
opened, the other end be- Palace, paKes, n. A ma^ificent house of an emperor,
ing fastened by the bolt. king, etc. —
Pala'^tiaJ, pa-la'shal, a. Pert, to a pal-
V. [padlocked (-lokt),
t, ace; magnificent. —
PaKatine, -tin, a. Pert, to a pal-
-LOCKiXG.] To fasten ace, or to a high officer of a palace. n. count A
with a padlock; tc stop, palatine. —
Palafinate, -T-nat, n. The province or
shut, confine. seigniory of a palatine. PaKadin, -a-din, n. —
dis- A
Paduasoi, pad'u-a-soi'' o/- tinguished champion an eminent knight. ;

pad'u-soi, n. A
particular Palankeen, -quin, pal'an-ken', n. covered carriage A
kind of silk stuff. used in the East,
Pisan, pe''an, n. A
song of borne on the
rejoicing, among the an- shoulders of_men.
cients, in honor of Apollo; Palate, p a 1 ' a t n. ,

aloud and joyous song; (Anat.) The roof

song of triumph. of the mouth : its
Paeony. See Peo.ny. fixed portion is
Pagan, pa'gan. n. One -who called the hard
worships false gods one ;
Padlock. palate^, and the
who is not Christian, Mo- membranous,
hammedan, nor Jew; a heathen; idolater. «. Pert, — muscular curtain
to the_worship or worshipers of false gods; heathen. continuous with Palanquin, t, i

Page, paj, n. A youth or attendant on a nobleman or its posterior mar-

wealthy person; a boj' that waits on the members of gin, the soft palate. The seat or power of taste ;
a le'jislative bodj', relish taste ; mental relish
; intellectual taste. ;
—
page, paj, «. One side of _a leat of a book or manu- Pal'atable, -a-ta-bl, a. Agreeable to the palate or
script. —V. t. [PAGED (pajd), PAGING.] To mark or taste; savory. —
PaKatal, a. Pert, to, or uttered by
number the pages of. the aid of, the palate, —n. letter pronounced by A
Pageant, paj'ant or pa^'jant, n. Something sho^wy, the aid of the palate.— Pal' atine, -tin, Palafic, a.
without stability or duration ; a spectacle for the Pert, to the palate.
entertainment of a distinguished personage, or of Palatial, Palatine. See under Palace.
the public ; an exhibition display pomp finery. Palaver, pa-la'' ver, re. Idle talk ; flattery ; a confer-
— ;

Pag'^eantnr, -rt, w. Pompous spectacle; show.

; ;

ence or deliberation. v. t. or v. i. —
[p.\lavered
Pagoda, pa-go'da, n. A temple in the E. Indies and (-v5rd), p. pr. & vb, n. palavering.] To hold a
China, in which idols are worshiped a gold or silver ; palaver; to use idle, deceitful talk to flatter. ;

coin, formerly current in Hindostan, varying in Pale, pal, a. Not ruddy or fresh of color; dusky
value_fr. about $1.75 to $2.18. white; of afarat luster; whitish; wan; pallid; dim.
Pail, pal, n. An open vessel — v.i. [paled (paid). PALING.] To turn pale, lose
of wood, tin, etc., with a luster. —
V. t. To make pale. Pal'lid, pSKlid, a. —
bail, for water, milk, or other Pale ^ wan. —
Pal'lor, n. Paleness pallidness.
liquids. —
Pail'ful, n. ; pi. Pale, pal, n. A
pointed stake driven into the ground
;

-FULS. The quantity that a and fastened to a rail at the top; a picket; an inclos-
pail will hold. ing boundary; limit; fence; space inclosed inclos- ;

Pain, pan, n. Punishment stif- ure limited territory. {Her.) One of the greater
;

fered or denounced; an un- ordinaries, being a broad, perpendicular stripe in an

easy sensation or ache in an- escutcheon, equally distant from the 2 edges, and
imal bodies, of any degree; occupj'ing l-.3a of it. —
v. t. To inclose with pales
bodily distress; suffering; pi. or stakes; to encompass. Pairing, w. Pales in gen-— —
the throes or distress of trav- eral a fence formed with pales
; an inclosure. ;

ail or childbirth; uneasiness Pal'isade', p5l't-sad', n. (Fort.) strong stake, A

of mind; mental distress. whose lower end is set firmly in the ground, the
V. t. [PAINED (pand), PAIN- other sharpened; a fence formed of such stakes.
ING.] To afflict with uneasy oda. V. t. To surround, inclose, or fortify with, etc.
sensations; to render uneasy in mind, disquiet, af- Palearctic, pa-le-ark'tik, a. Pert, to a region of the
flict, grieve, torment, torture. —
Pain^ful, -ful, a. Full eastern hemisphere (including all Europe to the
of pain; occasioning uneasmess or distress; requir- Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia) whose
ing labor or toil; difficult; distressing; grievous; ar- fauna form a distinct class. — PaleontoKogy, n.
—
duous. Pain'less, a. Free from pain; relieved from
— —
Science of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossil
pain or trouble. Pains, n. Care trouble. Pains'-
; remains of such life.
taker, n. One who takes pains; a laborious person. Palette, paKet, n. {Paint.) A thin, oval tablet, with,
— Pains'^'taking, a. Carefully laborious; sparing no a thumb-hole at one end for
pains. n. Careful and conscientious exertion; la- holding it, on which a painter
bor. mixes his pigments a broad, ;

Painim, Pa3mim, pa'nim, n. A pagan; infidel. thin knife, for mixing pigments, c
Faint, pant, n. A substance used in painting ; pig- medicines, etc.— PaKlet, n.
ment; coloring matter for the face. v. t. To apply — (Paint.) A palette. A wooden
paint to, color; to represent by. means of colors or instrument used bv potters, cru-
hues; to describe vividlv, delineate, image, depict, cible-makers, gilders, etc. tj i +(. A
portray, describe. —
r. i. To practice the art of paint- lever connected with the pendu- Palette,
ing; to color one's face with intent to beautify it. ium of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which re-
—
Painfer, w. Painfing, n. Act or employment of ceives the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or
laying on colors; art of representing natural objects balance-wheel : see Escapement. (Mus.) valve A
on a plane surface, by means of colors also, vi^vid ; between the wind-chest of an organ and the mouth
description in words; thing painted; a picture. of a pipe.
Painter, pant'er, n. (Naut.) A
rope at the bow of a Palfrey, pawKfrY, re. A
saddle-horse a small horse ;

boat, used to fasten it to anything. suitable for ladies.

Pair, par, n. Two things of a kind, similar in form, Pali, pa'le, n. The sacred language of the Buddhists
applied to the same purpose, and suited to each of Burmah, Siam, Ceylon, etc., a dialect of San- —
other or used together; a thing in 2 parts, as scissors, skrit.
forceps, etc.; man and wife; a couple; brace; set. Palilogy, pa-liKo-jT, n. (Rhet.) Eepetition of a word
V. i. [PAIRED (pard), pairing.] To join in pairs, or part of a sentence for greater energy. PaKimp- —
mate, couple; to suit; fit, as a counterpart. v. t. To
unite in couples, form a pair of.
— sest, -imp-sest, n. A
parchment, pap'er, etc., which
has been written upon twice, the first writing hav-

Biin, cube, fi^ll ; moon, fSbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, -ftien, boNboN, chair, get.
 PALING 282 PANACEA
ing been erased. —
PaKinode, -T-nSd, n. A song re- next before Easter, —
so called in commemoration
peated a second time a satirical song retracting a
; of Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, palm
former one; a recantation. branches being strewn in the way.
Paling, Palisade, etc. See under Pale, n. Palp, palp, n. (Entom.) A jointed', sensiferous organ,
Pall, n. A
detent. Same as P.uvl. attached in pairs to some part of the head in many
Pall, pawl, n. A
cloak mantle a consecrated scarf-
; ; insects, etc. a feeler. ; —
PaKpable. a. Perceptible by
like vestment composed of white wool, and embroid- the touch; capable of being lelt; plain; obvious.
ered with crosses; a large, black cloth thrown over a PaKpitate, -pl-tat, v. i. To beat rapidlv and excited-
coffin at a funeral. {EccL) piece of stiffened A the heart; to throb; pulsate violently; flutter,
ly, as
linen, tocover the chalice. —
v. t. To cloak; to cover — Palpita-'tion,n. A
beating of the heart; esp., a
or invest. —
Pall''-bear'er, n. One who_attends the violent, irregular,and unnatural beating.
coffin at a funeral.— PaKliate, paKlT-at, v. t. To Palsgrave, pawlz'grav, n. count or earl who has A
cover with excuse, soften by favorable representa- the superintendence of the king's palace a count ;

tions, cloak, hide, extenuate; to reduce in violence, palatine. — Pals'gravine, -ven', n. Consort or widow
lessen, abate, mitigate. —
PalTia'tion, n. Act of, or of a palsgrave.
state of being, etc. extenuating circumstances
; ; Palsy, pawl'zT, «. {Med.) weakening, su.spension,A
concealment of the worst features of an offense or destructiofl of functions, of sensation, and of vol-
mitigation or abatement (of disease, etc.). Pal- — ;

untary motion; paralysis.— w. t. [palsied (-zid),

liative, a. Serving to extenuate; relieving (pain or -SYiNG.] To destroy a function of, paralyze.
disease). n. —
That which, etc. Palter, pawKter, v. i. [-teeed (-terd), -tering.] To
Pall, pawl, V. i. [palled (pawld). palling.] To be- act in an insincere or false manner trifle haggle.
come vapid to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste —
PaKtry, -trt, a. [-trier -triest.] Destitute of
; ;

to become insipid.
;

—
v. t. To make vapid or insipid;
;

worth ; characterized by meanness ; conteniptible ;

;

to make spiritless, dispirit, depress to satiate, cloy. ; pitiful; mean; vile.

PaUadiiun, pal-la'dt-um, n. {Antiq.) A statue of the Pampano, pam-'pa-no, n. A food fish found along the
goddess Pallas, on the preservation of which de- Atlantic coast from New York to Brazil.
pended the safety of Troy something that affords ; Pampas, pam'paz, n. pi. Vast plains in southern
defense and safety. {Chem.) metal discovered A Buenos Ayres, in S. Amer.
in 1803 by Wollaston, of a steel-gray color and fibrous Pamper, pani'per, i: t. [;-pered (-perd), -perixg.]
structure. Tofeed to the full; gratify inordinately: glut.
Pallet, 71. A
tool, valve, etc. See under Palette. PampMet, pam-'flet, n. A
.small book consisting of a
Pallet, paKlet, n. A
small or rude bed.
•
sheet, or a few sheets, of paper, stitched together,
Palliate, Palliation, etc. See under Pall, ?i. but not bound.
Pallid, Pallor, etc. See under Pale, a. Pan, pan, n. A shallow, open dish or vessel the part ;

PaUmall, pel-meK, n. An old game in which a wooden of a flint-lock which holds the priming the skull ;

ball was driven with a mallet through an iron arch; brain-pan cranium ; the hard stratum of earth
;

the mallet used; place where the same was played. that lies below the soil, and holds the water, —v. i.
Palm, pam, n. The inner part of the hand a Lineal and t. To show, as gold in a miner's pan to de-
measure equal either to the breadth of the hand (4,
;

velop, turn out with out. — ;

sometimes 3, inches) or to its length from the wrist Pan, pan, n. {Myth.) The Aicadiaji god of- shep-
to the ends of the lingers (8i inches); the broad, tri- herds, guardian of
sfngular part of an anchor at the end of the arms; bees, and patron of
the broad part of an antler an instrument used ; fishingand fowling :
by sail-makers to force a needle through canvas. he is usually repre-
(Bot.) A perennial endogenous tree of several dif- sented as half man
ferent genera, usually with an unbranching cylin- and half goat. Pan- —
drical trunk, having a terminal bud; a leaf of the de'an, a. Pert, to
palm, anciently worn as a symbol of victory or re- Pan. Pandeanpipes.
joicing a token of success or triumph.
; v. t. — A syrinx; an ancient
[paljied (pamd), palming.] To conceal in the palm wind instrument
of the hand; to impose by fraud. — Pal''mate, -mated, made of reeds joined
«. Hand-shaped; having side by side, said to
a membrane between the have "been invented
toes, so that the feet make —
by Pan. Pan'ic, n.
a hand-like impression, A sudden fright, esp.
as in web-footed birds. one without real or
PaKmiped, -mt-ped, a. sufficient cause. — a.
Having the toes connect- Extreme or sudden,
ed by a membrane; web- imaginary, and cause-
footed, as a water-fowl. less, — said of fright.
n. Aswimming bird. — Panacea, pan-a-sc'd, n.
Pan.
Pal'ma Chris'ti, paKma- A remedy for all diseases. Pan'creas, pan'- ot- —
kris'ti, Palm'crist, pam''- pan'kre-as, n. {Anat.) gland in the abdomen,A
krist, n. {Bot.) The cas- beneath the stomach, which pours its secretion into
tor-oil plant, so called — ' the alimentarj' canal during digestion ; the sweet-
fr. its hand-shaped leaves. Palmate Leaf. bread. -Pancreat'lc, -at-'ik, a. Pert, to, etc. Pan''- —
PaKmary, Palm-'y, pam-'Y, a. "Worthy of the palm; dect, n. A
treatise containing the whole of anv sci-
preeminent superior palmy chief. Palm''er, — ence, pi. The digested code of Roman civil law
;

pam'er, n. One who palms or

; ;

of Justinian. —
Pandem''ic, a. Incident to a whole
cheats; one who visited the Holy people epidemic — Pandemc'nium, -mo^nt-um, n.
Land and its sacred places, and The
;

great hall of demons or evil spirits ; hell. —

bore a branch of palm in token Panegyr'ic, -e-j'rr''ik, n. An oration in praise of
thereof; an incessant pilgrim. some person or achievement encomium eulogy.
—
; ;

Palm''er- worm, n. Akindof Panegyr''ic, -ical. a. Containing eulogy; enco-

hairy worm, —
loosely applied to miastic. —
Panegyr'ist, n. A eulogist encomiast. ;

various hairy caterpillars which — Pan'egyrize, -e-jT-riz, v. t. [-eized (-rizd), -Riz-

wander like a palmer, and de- IXG.] To praise highly. — v. i. To bestow praises.
vour leaves and herbage. Pal- — — Pan'oply, -o-plT, ?i. 'Armament ; a full suit of de-
mefto, pal-, n. species of A fensive armor. —Panora''ma, -ra'ma, n. A complete
dwarf palm growing in the W. view in every direction: a picture exhibited by be-
Indies and Southern U. S.;a kind ing unrolled and made to pass continuously before
of palm called also the cabbage- tlie spectator. — Panoram-'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to or like,
tree. —
Palmiferoua, -er-us, a. etc. comprehensive. —Pan' theism, -the-izm, n. Doc-
Bearing palms. Palm'-Sun'- — ;

trine that nature, or the universe conceived of as a

day, n. {Eccl.) The Sunday Palmetto. whole, is God. —
Pan'theist, n. One who holds to.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6iid, Eve, term ; To, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 — — — — —— — — —

PANADA 283 PARABLE

pantheism.—Pantheisfic, -ical, Pert, to, founded below the knee by children and women, — chiefly
in, orleading to. pantheism. Pantheon, pan-the'- — a. I

in pi.
or pan'the-un, n. temple dedicated to all the A Pantheism, Pantheon, etc. See under Panacea.
fods a work
; treating of all the divinities worshiped Panther, pau'ther, n. A fierce, dark-colored leopard
y a people the whole body of divinities wor-
; of Asia and Africa the Amer. tiger, a feline mam-
;

shiped.— Pan 'tograpli, -to-grat, n. An instrument mal of several species, including the catamount,
for copying on the same, or on a cougar, jaguar, etc.
reduced or enlarged, scale. Pan- Pantler, Pantry. See under Panada.
tograph'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or Pantofle. piin-t()6''fl, n. A slipper.
performed Pantog'ra-
by, etc. — Pantograph, Pantomime, etc. See under Panacea.
phy, General descrip-
-ra-fl, n. Panym. See Pa i n i m .

tion; entire view of an object. Pap, pap, n. A nipple of

the breast teat soft food ; ;

PantoKogy, -o-jt, n. A work of tor infants, made with bread softened with water
universal information. Pan'to- or milk; nourishment. v. t. —
To feed with soft
mime, -mini, n. One who acts his food.
part bj- gesticulation only, with- Papa, pa-pa'', n. Father, —
a word used by children.
out speaking; a theatrical enter- — Pa 'pal, a. Pert., relating to, or proceeding from
tainment given in dumb show. the pope of Rome; popish. Pa'paUze, r. t. [-izeD' —
— Pantomiin'ic, -mim'ik- Pantograph.-ical, (-Tzd), -iziNG.] To make papal. r. i. To conform —
al, a. Pert, to the pantomime; representing charac- to popery. —
Pa'pacy, -st, n. Ofl^ce and dignity of
ters and actions by dumb show. Pasig'ra.phy, pa- the pope; -papal authority or jurisdiction; popedom;
sig''ra-fT. n. A system of writing to be understood the popes collectively. Pa'pist, n. An adherent—
and used by all nations. of the pope; a Roman Catholic. Papisfic, "-ical, —
Panada, pa-iia''da, -na'^do, -nade', -nad', n. Bread a. Pert, to, etc.: popish. —Pa'pistry, -rl, 7i. The
boiled in water and sweetened. Pan-'ic, Pan'ic- — doctrines and ceremonies of the church of Rome %^

frass, Pan'nicle, -nl-kl, n. A plant of the genus popery.

'anicuiit ; oatmeal. Pan'nler, -yer, n. Orig., a Papaverous, pa-pav'er-us, a. Resembling the poppy.
bread-basket a v.^icker basket for carrying fruit,
; Papaw, pa-paw'', n. A
tropical tree and its fruit a ;

etc., on a horse a frame-work to expand the skirts tree growing in the western and southern U. S., and
;

of I'adies' dresses. (Arch.) A corbel, q. v. Pan'- — producing a sweet, edible fruit the fruit itself. ;

try, -trt, 71. A

closet for keeping bread, provisions, Paper, pa^'per, n. A thin, flexible substance, made of
etc. —
Panfler, n. The household officer in charge rag pulp, vegetable fiber, etc., in sheets for writing
of the pantry. or printing on, to be used in wrapping, etc. a sheet or ;

Panama, pan-a-ma', v. hat made of the undevel- A piece of such substance; a printed or written instru-
oped dwarf screw-palm of S. Amer.
leaf of a ment; a writing; a newspaper; journal; notes or bills
Pancreas, Pandect, Pandemonium, etc. See under of exchange bank-notes, etc. hangings printed or
Paxacea.
;

stamped tor the walls of rooms. v. t. [papered-

;

—
Pander, pan'der, n. A male bawd a pimp pro- (-perd), -peeing.] To cover with paper;_to fold orin-
curer; one who ministers to the evil passions of an-
; ;

close in paper. —
Papier-mach4, pap''3^a-ma''sha, n.
other. — r. [pandered
(-derd), -deeixg.]
t. To A hard substance made of a pulp froni rags or paper
procure the gratification of the lust of. v. i. To — mixed with size or glue, and
act as agent for the lusts, or minister to the evil de-