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30

Hydraulics
30.1 About Hydraulics

30.2 The Hydraulics Panel

30.3 Calculating Hydraulics

30.4 Drilling Fluid Properties

Copyright © 2018 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work | All Rights Reserved

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
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30.1

About Hydraulics
bit depthblock velocityDEPTFLWIHDTHhole depthHydraulicsaboutrate of penetrationrevolutions per minuteROPRPMhydraulicstotal flow rateThe primary purpose
of the hydraulics computation is to the compute pressure drops in the circulating system while pumping. This includes pressure drops in the surface equipment,
inside the drill pipe, and in the annulus; and also pressure drops through specialty equipment such as MWD/LWD tools, deflection tools such as mud motors and
rotary steerables, and bit nozzles. In order to do these computations, the hydraulics engine needs to know the properties of the mud and all of the areas where
the mud flows from the surface down through the bit and back to the surface. All pressure drops are displayed during computation and written to time channels
for plotting on any of the available plots.

The hydraulics program models a clean hole scenario, one with no cuttings load. You can compare the modeled pressures to the actual pressures to interpret
hole loading due to cuttings, as well as other events. Future versions will use a more suitable cuttings model.

The mud flowrates inside the drillstirng and the mud velocities in the annulus are also computed and displayed. These values are only visible during computation
and the outputs are not written to channels.

The equivalent circulating density (ECD) at the last casing shoe and at the bit are displayed during computation and written to time channels. The motor RPM
and bit flowrate are similarly displayed and written to time channels.

If you want to run hydraulics, your project must meet the following criteria:

• All tubular assemblies, exposed wellbore geometry components, risers, casings, and liners for the time range must be visible in the Activity Editor.

• All tubular assemblies for the time range must be populated with valid tubulars (non-zero lengths, IDs, and ODs).

• All exposed wellbore geometry components must be populated with appropriate tubular components.

• Surveys must exist for the bit-depth range traversed in the time range.

• At least one drilling fluid property must be entered; it is recommended that daily mud properties (at least) are entered whenever there is a significant change
made to any mud property.

• Rig state must be computed.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.1.1

Hydraulics Computations
Bit depth, hole depth, flowrate, block velocity, and rig state are required input channels; and RPM is an optional channel.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.1.1.1

Initialization Parameters
Hydraulicsintialization parametersThere are two sections on the Hydraulics panel where you can set initialization parameters for hydraulics computations.

The first section is the Initialization Parameters section at the bottom of the Hydraulics panel. Here you can set the surface equipment properties and select
whether a choke is used on the return line. Choose surface equipment that matches the rig best or use the Custom type if you know the length and inner
diameter of the piping going from the pump to the kelly or topdrive.

The second section is the BHA Run Parameters section at the bottom of the Hydraulics panel. In this section, you can set the motor parameters (assuming there
is a motor in the drillstring) for each BHA. The motor parameters consist of the motor wear, which is the power section wear; the value is given as a percentage.
Often you will not run a new rotor and stator, so some estimate of the wear is required. A loose-fitting power section is equivalent to wear for the hydraulics
computations. The bearing flow percentage is an estimate of the amount of fluid flowing through a mud-lubricated bearing section into the annulus, and is given

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as a percentage of the total flow. You can enter an optional pressure drop for the motor if it is a non-Schlumberger motor, and the calculations will use this
value instead of computing the pressure drop from the rotor and stator parameters. In the BHA Run Parameters section, you can choose whether or not the pipe
is open ended. Open-ended pipe has no bit at the bottom. You can also enter the percentage of the drill pipe length that has tool joints. The tool joint ID and OD
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will be used for this fraction of the drill pipe. Tool joints usually have a larger ID and OD, compared to the drill pipe which affects the pressure losses inside the
drill pipe and in the annulus. PERFORM Toolkit Online Help

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
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30.1.1.2

Operation
HydraulicsoperationReal-time and offline operations are allowed for hydraulics, but not at the same time. Start the computation by clicking one of the play

buttons on the toolbar. Use the dark blue/black button ( ) to start an offline computation, and use the red button ( ) to start a real-time computation.
After you click the play button, you will enter the start time for the computation; by default, it is the first time record. The dialog box also displays a list of the
start and stop times for all of the tubular runs to simplify range-of-interest selection.

If you are working in offline mode, you will enter an end time, which defaults to the last time record. In real-time, the computation runs to the last data point
available and continues computing as new data becomes available.

During the computation, the following information is displayed at the top of the panel, near the toolbar buttons:

• The last computed index is displayed in the Index box.

• The start and stop index that you entered are displayed in the Start box and the Stop box.

• The status of the process (Idle, Computing Realtime, Paused Realtime, and Error see Log) is displayed in the Status box.

If the computation ends in error, click the Log tab at the bottom of the window to see detailed messages about errors found during the computation.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
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30.1.1.3

Output Channels
Hydraulicsoutput channelsThe following table lists the channels generated into the application during the hydraulics computation.

Display Unit
Code Measurement Name
English Metric

ECD_CSG_HY LB/G g/cm3 MudDensity Hydro ECD At Shoe

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Display Unit
Code Measurement Name
English Metric
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ECD_BIT_HY LB/G g/cm3 MudDensity Hydro ECD At Bit
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SPPA_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Pump Pressure
MTR_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Motor Pressure loss
RSS_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro RSS Pressure loss
MTR_RPM_HY RPM RPM RotarySpeed Hydro Motor RPM
BIT_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Bit Pressure Loss
BIT_FLO_HY GPM L/min MudFlowrate Hydro Bit Flowrate
ANN_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Annular Pressure Loss
DP_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Drill Pipe Pressure Loss
TOOL_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro MWD LWD Pressure Loss
IMB_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Hydrostatic Imbalance
SRF_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Surface Pressure Loss
CHK_LOSS_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Choke Pressure Loss
SWAB_SURGE_HY PSI kPa Pressure Hydro Swab Surge
PD_PAD_HY PSI kPa Pressure Pressure Drop Over Powerdrive Pads

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.1.1.4

Related Topics
The Hydraulics Panel

, Unpublished Work | All Rights Reserved

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.2

The Hydraulics Panel

Hydraulics PanelAnnulus Analysis tabHydraulics PanelBHA Run Parameters tabHydraulics PanelCustom Hydraulics Computations tabHydraulics PanelDrill String
Analysis tabHydraulics PanelDrilling Fluid Properties tabHydraulics PanelInitialization Parameters tabHydraulics PanelPressure Summary Display tabHydraulics
PanelSurvey Station Listing tabThere are a series of output sections that display on the Hydraulics panel.

At the top of the panel, the Pressure Summary Display, Drill String Analysis, Annulus Analysis, and Survey Station Listing sections display the following
information:

The Pressure Summary Display section shows the last eight values computed in eight columns of a table. The section is divided into five subsections, starting
from the top with the index, then the input channels, pressure loss computations, other computations, and, finally, a color coded legend.

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• The Index subsection shows the time index of the computation displayed as a date time pair.

• The Input Validation subsection displays the rig state, bit depth, flow in rate, and block velocity. RPM is also used as an input if available, otherwise it defaults
to 0. The RPM effect is most prevalent in slim holes where the annulus pressure drop is affected by RPM.

• The Pressure Loss Computations subsection displays the following computations and writes the values to the database as a channel:

Surface Equipment (channel code: SRF_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Surface Pressure Loss ): the losses in the surface piping from the mud pumps to the Kelly
or topdrive

Inside Drillstring (channel code: DP_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Drill Pipe Pressure Loss ): the losses in all simple drillstring components; excludes motors and
MWD/LWD tools, which are handled separately; includes losses in tool joints if the tool joint length percent is greater than 0

MWD/LWD Tools (channel code: TOOL_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro MWD LWD Pressure Loss): the total pressure loss through the inside of all mwd/lwd tools;
computed using the pressure loss coefficients in the specified in BHA builder for these components

Motor (channel code: MTR_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Motor Pressure loss): the pressure loss through the mud motor if there is a motor in the drillstring; if
you are using a Schlumberger motor, the motor is optimized using the power drilling approach and the pressure loss is for the motor operating in the
optimized condition; third-party motors and turbine pressure losses will be computed using the pressure drop coefficient

RSS (channel code: RSS_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro RSS Pressure loss): the pressure loss through the rotary steerable tool, if present in the BHA; if the RSS
is a Schlumberger tool, it will use the appropriate parameters from the catalog to compute pressure drop

Bit Nozzles (channel code: BIT_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Bit Pressure Loss): the pressure drop through the bit nozzles

Annulus (channel code: ANN_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Annular Pressure Loss): The total pressure drop in the annulus

Chokeline (channel code: CHK_LOSS_HY, name: Hydro Choke Pressure Loss): if present, the pressure drop through the chokeline and choke

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PrivateHyd. Imbalance (channel code: IMB_HY, name: Hydro Hydrostatic Imbalance): the hydraulic hydrostatic imbalance due to different density fluids in the
annulus and inside the drillstring
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Total (channel code: SPPA_HY, name: Hydro Pump Pressure): the total pressure drop in the circulating system; this should be comparable to the standpipe
pressure for a clean hole with all equipment operating normally

Actual: the actual stand pipe pressure at the displayed time index for comparison

The Other Computations subsection displays the following computations and writes the values to the database as a channel:
Swab Pressure (channel code: SWAB_SURGE_HY, name: Hydro Swab Surge): the increase in bottom-hole pressure due to the drillstring moving up
quickly; if the value of the SWAB_SURGE_HY channel is positive, it is showing the swab pressure

Surge Pressure (channel code: SWAB_SURGE_HY, name: Hydro Swab Surge): the decrease in bottom-hole pressure due to the drillstring moving down
quickly; if the value of the SWAB_SURGE_HY channel is negative, it is the showing the surge pressure

ECD at Shoe (channel code: ECD_CSG_HY, name: Hydro ECD At Shoe): the equivalent circulating density at the bottom-most casing shoe, displayed in
mud weight units

ECD at Bit (channel code: ECD_BIT_HY, name: Hydro ECD At Bit): the equivalent circulating density at bit, displayed in mud weight units

Motor RPM (channel code: MTR_RPM_HY, name: Hydro Motor RPM): the RPM of the mud motor if there is a Schlumberger motor in the drillstring; the
motor is optimized using the power-drilling approach, and the RPM is for the motor operating in the optimized condition

Bit Flowrate (channel code: BIT_FLO_HY, name: Hydro Bit Flowrate): the flowrate actually reaching the bit; sometimes there are nozzles and other
openings to the annulus above the bit which divert part of the flow to the annulus

• The values in the subsections are color coded as follows:

If values are highlighted red, they are unavailable, which means asking the data store of the value at the corresponding index does not return a value. For
inputs, it means that you are missing this channel, and that you need to try to obtain this channel from Real Time Connect in order to compute hydraulics.
In the case of an output channel, it could mean that the engine did not write a value at this point or that the value is temporarily backed up in the data
queue. Whenever hydraulics does not compute you can visually scan for red highlighting to see if needed channels are missing.

If the values are highlighted yellow, they contain an absent value for this index. Absent inputs will result in absent output values from the engine. Excessive
yellow indicates that you should troubleshoot to find out why there are no valid measurements being received. In the case of a yellow rig state, switch to
the rig state panel to troubleshoot.

The Drill String Analysis section only displays values; they are not written out as channels. This section shows a detailed breakdown of the pressure losses
and flowrates for each drillstring component. The description, length, ID, and OD of the component are also listed for identification purposes. This pane shows
where pressure drops are occurring inside the drillstring. It can also be used for troubleshooting hydraulics by identifying which component has an abnormally
high or low pressure drop.

The Annulus Analysis section only displays values; they are not written out as channels. This section shows a detailed breakdown of the pressure losses and
velocities for each annulus section. A new annulus section occurs when the drillstring component changes or the annulus component changes. The description,
length, annulus ID and drillstring OD of the annulus section are also listed for identification purposes. The purpose of this pane is to show the mud velocity in
different annulus sections for hole cleaning purposes. It can also be used for troubleshooting hydraulics by identifying which section has an abnormally high or
low pressure drop.

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The Survey Station Listing section displays, in read-only mode, the shape of the wellbore for hole cleaning analysis.

At the bottom of the panel, the BHA Run Parameters, Drilling Fluid Properties, Initialization Parameters, and Custom Hydraulics Computations sections display
the following information:

The BHA Run Parameters section can be used when hydraulics are not being compute. You can enter parameters particular to a BHA run. Then, during
computation, this section displays which BHA is being used for the current time index. You can select which BHA to edit using the list on the left side of the
section. The following values display on the right side of the section:

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• The Motor Wear (%) field displays the amount of wear on the motor power section.

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• The Motor Bearing Flow (%) field displays the amount of fluid diverted through a mud lubricated bearing section. This field applies only to mud lube motors.
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• The Motor Pressure Drop (psi) field applies if a Schlumberger motor is not used; enter a pressure drop for the motor in this field.

• The Open ended Pipe Used field allows for hydraulics computation when the pipe run is open ended (no bit).

• The Tool Joint Length (%) field displays the percent of the drill pipe length that is occupied by tool joints.

The Drilling Fluid Properties section only displays values; drill fluid properties cannot be entered here. During computation, the drill fluid properties used for
computing hydraulics for the current index are displayed here.

The Initialization Parameters section displays and allows you to enter surface and choke equipment parameters when computations are stopped. After edits
are made, save the changes to the database. There is only one initialization parameter per borehole. You can edit the following parameters in this section:

• Surface Equipment Type: These are the four predefined surface equipment types available in most hydraulics programs, and there is also a custom type.
Selecting the custom type allows you to edit the length and ID input row for the surface equipment.

• Equivalent Length: The equivalent length for the surface equipment pressure-loss computation.

• Equivalent ID: The equivalent ID for the surface equipment pressure loss computation.

• Choke Equipment Used: Select False if you are not circulating through the choke. Select True if circulating through a choke. Selecting true reveals the
following inputs:

Choke Line Length: The length of the choke line.

Choke Line ID: The ID of the choke line.

Choke Position: Enter a value between 0 (fully closed) and 1 (fully open).

The Custom Hydraulics Computations section allows you to perform a custom hydraulics computation only when there are no other computations running,
offline or real-time. (Note: You can pause the real-time computations to perform a custom computation, and then continue.) The results of the custom
computation are NOT written to the output channels. The following fields are available for input in this section:

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• Date and Time: First, identify a time index. The list on the left side of the section shows significant times for your wellbore. You can select any item on the list
and the time index displays on the right side of the section. Alternatively, you can manually enter a time and date index. Verify that the index you enter does
not start before the start of your data and does not end after the end of your data.

• Load Inputs Button: Click this button to load the inputs for your time index, including the BHA, wellbore geometry, and drilling fluid. The input channels stored
in the database are also loaded for the time/date index.

• RigState: You can use the rig state loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation.

• Bit Depth: You can use the bit depth loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation. Using the bit depth entry, you can
project ahead to see what conditions will be like in the future.

• Flow Rate: You can use the flow rate loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation. Using the flow rate entry, you can
analyze the annulus velocities and drillstring components at a different flowrate.

• Rotary Speed: You can use the rotary speed loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation. Especially for slim holes, use
the flow-rate entry to analyze the effects on annulus pressure drops.

• Block Velocity: You can use the block velocity loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation. Using the block velocity
entry, you can analyze the swab/surge effects of tripping at a different speed.

• Mud Weight: You can use the mud weight loaded from the database or change it to another value for the custom computation.

• Run Hydro Button: Initiates the custom computation. Look at the log section for possible errors and the pressure summary display, drill string analysis, and
annulus analysis sections for output.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.3

Calculating Hydraulics
calculatinghydraulicsCustom Hydraulics Computations tabDrilling Fluid Properties tabHydraulicscalculatingHydraulics canvasInitialization Parameters tabPressure
Summary DisplayTo calculate hydraulics output channels

1. In the main window, click Computation to display the Computation ribbon toolbar.

2. Click Hydraulics ( ).
The Hydraulics canvas appears.

3. (optional) Set the BHA run parameters.

a. On the BHA Run Parameters panel, select the BHA for the time range you want to use.

b. Review the settings for the BHA on the right side of the panel and update them, if necessary.

4. (optional) Update the initialization parameters for the BHA.

a. Click the Initialization Parameters tab.
The Initialization Parameters panel appears.

b. Review the settings for the surface equipment type, generally Type Three. If necessary, update the settings and then click Save ( ).

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5. (optional) Update your custom hydraulics computations.
a. Click the Custom Hydraulics Computations tab. PERFORM Toolkit Online Help
The Custom Hydraulics Computations panel appears.

b. Select a computation from the list on the left side of the panel.
The settings for the computation display on the right side of the panel.

c. Review the settings for the computation. If necessary, modify the settings.

6. At the top of the Hydraulics panel, click Run.

The Start and Stop Time dialog box appears.

7. Use one of the following options to set the start and end times:
• Select one of the times from the list at the top of the dialog box. When you select a time from this list, the time and date display in the Selected Time
field. Then click Copy To Start Time or Copy To End Time.

• Enter a time and date in the Selected Time field. Then click Copy to Start Time or Copy To End Time.

• Select a date and time in the Start Time section and End Time section

8. Click OK.
The computations run, and the Pressure Summary Display panel displays the computations for each time interval. The values for the most recent eight
intervals display on the canvas. The Status field displays the status of the calculation. When the calculation is successful, several new channels beginning
with "Hydro" display in the Time Channel data set.

9. Generate a time cross plot graph, using the Hydro channels, that updates as the computation runs.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21
30.4

Drilling Fluid Properties

Add/Edit Drilling Fluidsaddingdrilling fluidAPI Plastic ViscosityAPI Yield PointConsistency Indexdeletingdrilling fluid parameter setdeletingdrilling fluidsdrilling
fluiddrilling fluid propertiesDrilling Fluid Property dialog boxFann 100Fann 200Fann 3Fann 300Fann 6Fann 600Fann DataFlow Behavior IndexH-B Consistency
IndexH-B Flow BehaviorH-B Yield StressHerschel-BulkleyK-nmodifyingdrilling fluidsmud typesmud weightNo Fann DataPower LawPV-YPrheology
modelsSynthetic/OBMWBM InhibitiveWBM NoninhibitiveTo add a drilling fluid

1. In the Explorer pane, on the Data tab, right-click DrillingFluidParaSet or the borehole, and then click Add/Edit Drilling Fluids.
The Drilling Fluid Editor dialog box appears.

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2. Click New.
A new entry is added to the Fluid List, and the default properties display on the right side of the dialog box.

3. In the Start Time box, enter a start time.

4. In the Mud Type list, select Synthetic/OBM, WBM Inhibitive, or WBM Noninhibitive.

5. In the Mud Weight box, type the mud weight.

6. In the Mud Rheology area, do the following:

a. In the Model list, select a rheology model.

b. In the Use list, select one as the input parameter.

As you make these selections, the other rheology parameters become active for entry. For example, if you select Power Law/Bingham Plastic and PV-YP, the
Rheology model index, API Plastic Viscosity, and API Yield Point boxes are active for entry.

7. Enter the appropriate rheology parameters per the table below:

Rheology Model Input Parameters Required Parameters

Power Law / Bingham Plastic K-n Rheology model index

Consistency Index (K)
Flow Behavior Index (n)
PV-YP Rheology model index
API Plastic Viscosity
API Yield Point (YP)
Fann Data Rheology model index
Fann 300
Fann 600
Herschel-Bulkley 6 x Fann Data Fann 3
Fann 6
Fann 100

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Rheology Model Input Parameters Required Parameters

Fann 200
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Fann 300
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Fann 600
No Fann Data H-B Yield Stress
H-B Consistency Index
H-B Flow Behavior

Note:

After you entering all the active parameters, the other parameters will be computed automatically.

Note:

In this rheology parameterization, when you choose the “Power Law / Bingham Plastic” model, you can enter the API PV, YP, along with a “Rheological
model index” (R), where R=0 corresponds to a Power-Law rheology, and R=1 corresponds to a Bingham-Plastic rheology. For example, if you enter R=0.4,
the results will be for a rheology that is 40% of the way between the Power Law and Bingham Plastic models (and with the specified values for PV and YP).

8. Click OK to save your entries and close the dialog box.

To modify a drilling fluid

1. In the Explorer pane, on the Data tab, right-click DrillingFluidParaSet or the borehole, and then click Add/Edit Drilling Fluids.
The Drilling Fluid Editor dialog box appears.

2. Select the drilling fluid you want to modify from the Fluid List.
The fluid's parameters display in the fields on the right side of the dialog box.

3. Edit the parameters you want to modify.

4. Click Save to save your changes and close the dialog box.

To delete a drilling fluid

1. In the Explorer pane, on the Data tab, right-click DrillingFluidParaSet or the borehole, and then click Add/Edit Drilling Fluids.
The Drilling Fluid Editor dialog box appears.

2. In the Fluid List area, select the drilling fluid that you want to delete.

3. Click Delete.
A message appears, asking for your confirmation.

4. Click Yes.
The fluid is removed from the list.

5. Click Save to save your changes and close the dialog box.

To delete all drilling fluids

1. In the Explorer pane, on the Data tab, right-click DrillingFluidParaSet, and then click Delete.
The node is removed from the data tree.

2. Click Save on the quick access toolbar.

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Reference:InTouch ID#,Version:1.9,Release Date:27-Sep-2016
Owner:BGC Documentation,Author:Francesca Kovacic, Dong Yuan, Mohammad Khairi Hamzah, Xia Guo
EDMS UID:1652225189,Produced:21-Sep-2016 08:41:21

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