UNIT 1

1. Ethanol forms a nearly ideal solution with iso-butanol and has a relative volatility 2.2. A
heated feed containing 40 mole % ethanol and 60 mole % iso-butanol enters a flash drum
at rate of 50 kmol/h. prepare the plot of the fractional yield of the distillate versus its
composition. What fraction of the feed should be vaporized in order to have a bottom
product containing not more than 10% ethanol?
2. For steam distillation of Benzaldehyde at atmospheric pressure with condensed steam as
the only source of heat calculate from data given below kg of steam required per kg of
Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde charging in still =100 kg
Initial temperature of benzaldehyde=320C
Steam pressure =0.7 kg /cm2
Vaporization efficiency =90%
Latent heat of Benzaldehyde =85 kcal/kg
Specific heat =0.428 kcal/kg 0C
Molecular weight of Benzaldehyde =106
Vapor pressure in mmHg for Benzaldehyde and water against temperature in 0C are as
under
Temperature (0C) Vapor pressure of Vapor pressure of
Benzaldehyde (mmHg) water(mmHg)
62.0 10 163.8
75.0 20 289.1
90.0 40 527.8
99.6 60 749.2

3 The molar enthalpies of saturated liquid and vapour mixtures of A and B at 1 atm total
pressure (reference temperature = 5oC) may be expressed as HL = 9000 + 1000 x kJ/kmol;
HV = 35,000 + 8000 y kJ / kmol. The relative volatility αAB= 1.8 (a) calculate the molar
heats of condensation saturated pure vapours of compounds A and B at 1 atm. (b) we have
one kmol of a liquid (x = 0.3, HL = 8500 kJ/kmol), and one kmol of a vapour ( y=0.5. HV
= 40000 kJ/kmol), what is the condition of the liquid (sub cooled, saturated or super heated)
and the condition of the vapour (saturated or super heated)?
4 A simple batch still is used to distill 1000 kg of a mixture containing 60 mass% ethyl
alcohols and 40% of water. After the distillation, the bottom product contains 5 mass%
of alcohol. Determine the composition of the overhead product, its mass and the mass of
the bottom product. The data on the equilibrium composition are given below, where x
stands for weight percent ethyl alcohol in the liquid and y stands for weight percent ethyl
alcohol in the equilibrium vapour:

x 5 10 20 30 40 50 60
y 36 51.6 65.5 71 74 76.7 78.9

UNIT 2

1 A feed mixture composed of 42mole% heptane and 58 mole% ethyl benzene is to be

fractionated at 760 mm of Hg to produce a distillate containing 97% mole heptane and a
residue containing 99% mole ethyl benzene. Assuming feed to be saturated liquid calculate
i. minimum reflux ratio
ii. The heat load on condenser and reboiler in Kcal/hr for a feed rate of 5000Kg/hr
iii number of stages if actual reflux ratio is 1.4 times the minimum
 Vapour- liquid equilibrium and enthalpy data for heptane- ethyl benzene at 760mm Hg

tC x(%mole) y(%mole) Hl Kcal/Kg Hg Kcal/Kg

mole mole
136.2 0.0 0.0 5920 14520
129.5 8.0 23.3 5697 14203
122.9 18.5 42.8 5520 13920
119.7 25.1 51.4 5440 13870
116.0 33.5 60.8 5360 13610
110.8 48.7 72.9 5260 13450
106.2 65.1 83.4 5170 13110
103.0 78.8 90.4 5160 12940
100.2 91.4 96.3 5124 12784
98.5 100.0 100.0 5100 12675

2. A fractionating column receives an equimolar mixture of styrene and ethyl benzene at a rate
of 120kmol/h. the purity of the top product (ethyl benzene) and that of the bottom product
(styrene) must not be less than 98% and 99.5% respectively. Determine (a) the minimum
external reflux ratio (b) the minimum number of ideal trays required for the required above
separation, (c) the number of ideal trays and the feed-tray location if the actual reflux ratio
is twice the minimum and the feed is a saturated liquid, and (d) the vapour load condenser.
X 0.055 0.078 0.115 0.139 0.2405 0.2715 0.335 0.460 0.545 0.755 0.874 0.965
Y 0.090 0.120 0.162 0.201 0.318 0.355 0.4055 0.535 0.630 0.825 0.910 0.975

3 An aqueous solution of Methanol ( 30 mol% methanol; 2000Kg/hr) is to be separated in a

0.7 m diameter packed tower to yield a distillate having 97% Methanol and a bottom
product having 4% Methanol. The following values of the volumetric mass transfer
coefficients are supplied.

Rectifying section Stripping section

Ќxā = 800 Ќyā = 170 Ќxā = 1250 Ќyā =255 kmol/(m3)(h)(Δx or Δy)
A reflux ratio of 1.4 times the minimum may be used. Calculate the height of the packed
section. Also determine the HETP of the packing. The relative volatility may be assumed
as 2.1
4 A fractionating column operating at 1 atm. Pressure is supplied at the optimum location with
a saturated liquid feed containing 40 mole percent propanol and 60 mole percent water.
The column produces a saturated liquid overhead product containing 80 mole percent
propanol and a saturated liquid bottom product containing 20 mole percent propanol. The
reflux ratio is 2.0 Find the theoretical stages required to give the separation using Fenske
equation. The relative volatility for the system = 2.2
5 For distillation of an equimolar binary mixture of A and B, the equations of the operating
lines are: Rectifying section: y = 0.663x + 0.32. Stripping section: y = 1.329x – 0.01317.
What is the condition of the feed?
6 A distillation column requires an equimolar saturated liquid mixture of benzene and toluene
(α=2.51). The top product has 95 mol% benzene, the bottom product contains 95 mol%
toluene, the reflux ratio is 2.0. (a) Determine the feed tray and the number of ideal trays if
the feed is supplied to the optimum location. (b) How many more trays would be required
for this separation if the feed is supplied at the ninth ideal tray from the top? (c) Determine
 the number of ideal trays if the Murphree efficiency is 60% and the feed enters the optimum
position in the column.
7 A mixture of di- and tri-ethylamines containing 55 mole% of the former fed to a distillation
column at a rate of 40 kmol/h. the feed is at its bubble point. The column is to operate at
atmospheric pressure and the top product should not have more than 2.5 mol% of the less
volatile. Also, not more than 2% of the dimethylamine in the feed should be allowed to leave
at the bottom. Determine the number of theoretical plates if reflux is a subcooled liquid at
such a temperature that one mole of vapour is condensed for 20 moles of reflux. The reflux
ratio is 1.4 times the minimum. The equilibrium data in terms of the more volatile are
X 0.020 0.039 0.052 0.065 0.090 0.140 0.215 0.430 0.601 0.782 0.853 0.932 0.985
Y 0.042 0.085 0.124 0.153 0.225 0.316 0.449 0.678 0.802 0.910 0.948 0.970 0.993

UNIT 3 (First Part0

2. One thousand kilograms of an aqueous solution containing 50% acetone is contacted with 800 kg
of chlorobezene containing 0.5 mass% acetone in a mixer-settler unit, followed by separation of
the extract and the raffinate phases. (a) Determine the composition of the extract and the raffinate
phases and the fraction of acetone extracted. (b) Also calculate the amount of solvent required if
90% of the acetone is to be removed. Equilibrium and tie line date are given below.
Water Aq. Phase Acetone Water Organic Acetone
xA (Raffinate) xC yA Phase(Extract) yC
Chlorobezene yB
xB
0.9989 0.0011 0.0 0.0018 0.9982 0.0
0.8979 0.0021 0.1 0.0049 0.8872 0.1079
0.7969 0.0031 0.2 0.0079 0.7698 0.2223
0.6942 0.0058 0.3 0.0172 0.608 0.3748
0.5864 0.0136 0.4 0.0305 0.4751 0.4944
0.4628 0.0372 0.5 0.0724 0.3357 0.5919
0.2741 0.1259 0.6 0.2285 0.1508 0.6107
0.2566 0.1376 0.6058 0.2566 0.1376 0.6058
2 Water-dioxane solution forms a minimum boiling azeotrope at atmospheric pressure with
dioxane and may be used as an extraction solvent .At 25oC ,the equilibrium distribution of
dioxane between water and benzene is as follows :
Wt % dioxane in water 5.1 18.9 25.2
Wt % in dioxane benzene 5.2 22.5 32.0
At these concentrations water and benzene are substantially insoluable.1000kg of a 25%dioxane
water solution is to be extracted with benzene to remove 95%of the dioxane Initially the benzene
is dioxane free
(i)Calculate the benzene requirement for single batch operation
(ii)If the extraction were done with equal amounts of solvent in 5 cross–current stages, how much
solvent would be required?

4 . Acetone is to be extracted from an aqueous solution (500 kg/h, 50 mass% acetone) using TCA
(trichloroethane) in a three-stage cross-current cascade. Two hundred kilograms of solvent (98%
TCA, 2% acetone) is added to each stage. Given the following LLE data, calculate the flow rate of
the raffinate and the fraction of feed acetone removed in each stage.
 Extract arm (mass fraction) Raffinate arm (mass fraction)

yC yA yB xC xA xB
0.60 0.13 0.27 0.55 0.35 0.10
0.50 0.04 0.46 0.50 0.43 0.07
0.40 0.03 0.57 0.40 0.57 0.03
0.30 0.02 0.68 0.30 0.68 0.02
0.20 0.015 0.785 0.20 0.79 0.01
0.10 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.895 0.005

Tie-line data
Extract (mass fraction acetone) Raffinate (mass fraction acetone)
0.18 0.12
0.40 0.29
0.56 0.44