In this section ,we will discuss some trapezoid and its theorems.

Trapezoid is a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides. AB || CD. (if there are two
pairs of parallel lines then it is a parallelogram)

When non-parallel sides in trapezoid are equal then it is know ans isosceles trapezoid.
Theorem 1: A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if the base angles are congruent. 

 
Given : ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid. AD = BC and AB || CD.

Prove that : ∠C = ∠D 

Statements Reasons
1) ABCD is a trapezoid. 1) Given
2) AB || CD 2) Given
3) AD = BC 3) Given
4) DA || CE 4) By construction
5) ADCE is a parallelogram.
5) By Properties of parallelogram.
6) DA = CE and DC = AE 6) By properties of parallelogram.
7) BC = AD and AD = CE (Transitive
7) BC = CE
property)
8) If BC ≅ CE then angle opposite to them are
8) ∠CEB ≅ &CBE
congruent.
9) property of parallelogram and linear pair
9) ∠DAB ≅ ∠ABC
angles
10) ∠A + ∠D = 180 and ∠B 10) Interior angles on the same side of the
+ ∠C = 180 transversal are supplementary.
11) Transitivity ( Right sides are same so left
11) ∠A + ∠D = ∠C + ∠B
sides are equal)
12) ∠D = ∠C 12) From above (∠A = ∠B)

Example : In a trapezoid PQRS, PQ||RS and PS = QR. If ∠S = 60 0 then find the remaining
angles.
Solution : 
PQ||RS and PS = QR, so trapezoid PQRS is an isosceles trapezoid.
In isosceles trapezoid, base angles are equal.(trapezoid and its theorems)
∠S = ∠R and ∠P = ∠Q
But ∠S = 60 0 
∴ ∠R = 60 0 
Let ∠P = ∠Q = x 
Sum of all the angles in a quadrilateral is 360.
∴ ∠P + ∠Q + ∠S + ∠R = 360 
x + x + 60 + 60 = 360
2x +120 = 360
2x = 360 -120
2x = 240 
∴ x = 240/2
x = 120
∠P = ∠Q = 120 0 
__________________________________________________________________
Some important theorems of trapezoids are given below : 

Theorems
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1. A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if
the base angles are congruent.
2. A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if
the diagonals are congruent.
3. If a trapezoid is isosceles, the
 opposite angles are supplementary.
The median (or mid-segment) of a trapezoid
is parallel to each base and its length is one
half the sum of the lengths of the bases.
Never assume that a trapezoid is isosceles
unless you are given (or can prove) that
information.

Lemma 1: An isosceles trapezoid has congruent diagonals.

By definition, an isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid with equal base angles, and

Lemma 2: A trapezoid with congruent diagonals is isosceles.

Using the diagram, let VUBC be a trapezoid, with bases VU and BC, and congruent
diagonals BV and CU.  Now, triangles BCU and CBV have the same height and the
same base, so they have the same area.  The area of a triangle is the half the product
of a pair of sides times the sine of the included angle, so sine of BCU equals the sine of
CBV, and as both angles are acute (or both obtuse) they are equal.  Now, by side-
angle-side, triangles BCU and CBV are congruent, and so VUBC is isosceles.

m ∠ ABC = 120°, because the base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are

BD = 8, because diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are equal.

Example 2: In Figure 5, find TU.

Figure 5 A trapezoid with its two bases given and the median to be computed.
Because the median of a trapezoid is half the sum of the lengths of the bases:

Definition: An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid whose legs are congruent.

By definition, as long as a quadrilateral has exactly one pair of parallel lines, then the quadrilateral is
a trapezoid. The definition of an isosceles trapezoid adds another specification: the legs of the
trapezoid have to be congruent.

ABCD is not an isosceles trapezoid because AD and BC are not congruent. Because EH and FG are
congruent, trapezoid EFGH is an isosceles trapezoid.

There are several theorems we can use to help us prove that a trapezoid is isosceles. These
properties are listed below.

(1) A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if the base angles are congruent.

(2) A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if the diagonals are congruent.

(3) If a trapezoid is isosceles, then its opposite angles are supplementary.