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Philosophy Argument Tips

This document is a 6-slide conclusion to an argument structure presentation. It reviews the key components of an argument, including the ultimate conclusion, inferences between ideas, dependent and independent reasons. The final slides display examples of how an argument can be visually mapped out, making the relationships between ideas clearer. It notes that not all dependencies or inferences may be explicitly signaled in a passage.

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thao khanh
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81 views3 pages

Philosophy Argument Tips

This document is a 6-slide conclusion to an argument structure presentation. It reviews the key components of an argument, including the ultimate conclusion, inferences between ideas, dependent and independent reasons. The final slides display examples of how an argument can be visually mapped out, making the relationships between ideas clearer. It notes that not all dependencies or inferences may be explicitly signaled in a passage.

Uploaded by

thao khanh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/20/2010

Argument Structure
VII) Conclusion: Quick Review

Dr. Dona Warren, Department of Philosophy


The University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

VII) Conclusion – Slide 1

Argument

Ultimate Conclusion

This is a confusing mess.


The argument is difficult to understand.

VII) Conclusion – Slide 2

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8/20/2010

X “X therefore Y” - “thus” “consequently” “hence” “so” “this


Inferences goes to show that” “it follows that” “as a result” “that’s why”
“which implies that” “which means that”
Y “Y because X” - “since” “given that” “assuming that”
“inasmuch as” “in view of the fact that” “the reason is that”
“after all”
Z
“Y because X. It follows that Z.” “Z. After all X so Y.”

Dependent “P and Q” - “moreover,” “furthermore,”


P + Q
Reasons “in addition”

“P but Q” - “yet,” “however,” “although,”


R “even though,” “nevertheless”

Independent “Besides,” “Furthermore,” “In addition to


A B
Reasons this,” “As if that weren’t enough,”
“For one thing… For another thing…,”
“First… Second… Third…,” “Finally,”
C

VII) Conclusion – Slide 3

Argument

Ultimate Conclusion

This is a confusing mess.


The argument is difficult to understand.

VII) Conclusion – Slide 4

2
8/20/2010

Idea

Idea + Idea Idea Idea

Idea Idea + Idea


Argument

Idea Idea

Ultimate Conclusion

This displays the structure of the argument.


The argument is much easier understand.

VII) Conclusion – Slide 5

Some dependent reasons might


not be signaled by inference Idea
eraser expressions.

Idea + Idea Idea Idea

Idea Idea + Idea


Argument

Some ideas in Idea Idea


the passage Some inferences
might not be might not be
Some ideas in
part of the
the argument
Ultimate Conclusion signaled by
argument. inference
might be
Some independent reasons indicator
unstated in
might not be signaled by expressions.
the passage.
theme changer expressions.

Practice makes perfect.

VII) Conclusion – Slide 6

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